THE INFINITIVE

Active Passive
Present
(Indefinite)
To write To be written
Continuous To be writing -
Perfect To have written
To have been
written
Perfect
Continuous
To have been
writing
-
The Present (Indefinite) Infinitive refers to the present or future.
I hope to meet her tonight.
The Continuous Infinitive expresses an action happening now.
He is sure to be sleeping now.
The Perfect Infinitive is used to show that the action of the
infinitive happened before the action of the verb.
He is glad to have gone there before the war.
The Perfect Continuous Infinitive is used to emphasize the
duration of the action of the infinitive which happened before the
action of the main verb.
He seems to have been working since early in the
morning.
! Note" both the Indefinite and Passive Infinitive can be used
after #there is$are%&
There is nothing to say.
There is nothing to be said.
In expressions after nothing cou'd be done! he cou'd do
nothing.! what cou'd he do! the infinitive is used without
to and is preceeded by e(ce)t or but.
There"s nothing to be done except tell you the truth.
There was nothing he could do but escape.
#hat could he do but smile$
%
! Note" the Infinitive is used without to after *ost *ode'
verbs (can+ *a,+ *ust+ shou'd+ need)+ after wou'd rather+ had
better+ wou'd sooner+ 'et-s&
He can go if he wants.
I"d rather stay at home today.
&ou"d better meet her.
'et"s go swimming! shall we$
E(ercise .& /se the a))ro)riate for* of the Infinitive
(Active or Passive)&
%. ( twelve)year)old girl was the first *** his attention or
****by him. +attract! attract,
-. I lack the will)power ***anything with my life! ** my
position by hard work. +do! better,
.. There"s no time ****. +lose,
/. 0he put on the cape and turned round ***** .+admire,
1. He did nothing from morning till night but *** at random.
+wander,
2. (rthur couldn"t but ** at 3aniel in silence. +glance,
4. I like ** presents to my friends but even more I like ** gifts.
+give! give,
5. The child is so pale6 0he ought ** a change of food and air.
+have,
7. The third key remained **. +test,
%8. I meant **** you about it earlier. +remind,
%%. He only pretends * the books on the desk. +arrange,
%-. He"s trying *** down his excitement. +calm,
%.. The case was urgent. The man had ******. +operate on,
%/. 9nglish people like **** what to do. +tell,
%1.#ell sir! I want *** my words back. I am sorry *** you
name. +take! call,
%2. :ne window remained ***. +wash,
-
%4. 0he"s lucky ** such a family! *** all love and care since
childhood. +have! see,
%5. I am sorry ** my pen. +break,
%7. I hate ** you but the student are still waiting ***books for
their work. +bother! give,
-8. The only sound *** was the snoring of grandfather in the
bedroom. +hear,
-%. There is nothing **** by it. +gain,
--. I am the last person ***a ;uestion of the kind. +ask,
-.. 0he said she would love *** and was simply delighted** for
a date. +come! ask,
-/. 'et"s go and see the place. &ou"ll be sorry later *** it. +miss,
-1. 0he was probably angry *** in front of me. +reprimand,
-2. 0he sat there trying to pretend she didn"t want ***** and was
;uite pleased *** there and **the sun. +dance! sit! watch,
E(ercise 0& /se the a))ro)riate for* of the Infinitive
(Active or Passive)&
%. 0he only pretends *****. 0he isn"t easy *****.+frighten!
frighten,
-. He is sorry **** way to panic then. +give,
.. I am glad ***** to you at the party yesterday. +introduce,
/. I didn"t expect *** this ;uestion. +ask,
1. 3on"t talk too much if you want ***. +listen to,
2. <npleasant things shouldn"t ****** .+put off,
4. He is happy **** through with this task. +be,
5. It"s bad of you **** so much attention to trifling matters. &ou
should be more serious. +pay,
7. 3an is happy *** first prize for this picture. +award,
%8. He is sorry *** your advice then. +not follow,
%%. There are a hundred things ***. +do,
%-. (ccording to the schedule the plane was ***** long ago.
+land,
%.. It"s sensible of =ohn ***** >ate this advice. I hope she"ll
follow it. +give,
.
%/. He is sorry **** you in your work. +disturb,
%1. It"s thoughtful of you **** the flowers. 0he was pleased.
+bring,
%2. He claims ****9lvis ?riestly. #ho"ll believe him$ +meet,
%4. (ren"t you supposed ***** after your sister at the moment$
+look,
%5. I am sorry ***** you but I didn"t mean anything of the kind.
+disappoint,
%7. It was considerate of my son ** of me when I was ill. +take
care,
-8. The woman pretended *** and not **** the bell. +read!
hear,
-%. (nn would love *** on the beach now instead of typing
letters. +lie,
--. He isn"t old enough *** **** out late +allow! stay,.
E(ercise 1& Insert #to% before the Infinitives where
necessar,.
%. He did nothing from morning till night but ***** wander at
random.
-. &ou"d better ***** take me back to :xford.
.. They ought ***** have asked me my advice.
/. I"d sooner *** die than *** ask him for another penny.
1. &our mother has gone to some friends! they do nothing but **
play bridge.
2. There"s nobody in the world I"d rather ** work with or ****
have greater respect for.
4. #hy not ***** try ****** save her$
5. &ou"d better ****** get some sleep.
7. If you say you gave me no encouragement I cannot but
***contradict you.
%8. I thought that I"d better **** try **** speak openly.
%%. #hy not **** write to her$
%-. To know all is *** forgive all.
%.. (rthur could not but *** glance at 3aniel in silence.
/
%/. It"s time **** go home.
%1. It might rain. #e"d better * take an umbrella.
%2. I"m tired. I"d rather not *** go out tonight.
%4. 0hall we go by train$ @ Ao! I"d prefer *** go by car.
%5. Bet them **** come as early as possible. Cake them ***
come as early as possible.
%7. There"s hardly anything **** do but **** work out an
alternative plan.
-8. #hy not ** start out now$
The Functions of the Infinitive in the sentence&
%. The Infinitive as a subDect . +EFGHIJKLII,
It"s useless to discuss the ;uestion.
9ven to think of it gave him torture.
-. The Infinitive as a predicative +MNIOOKP QKRST
RFRSKUOFVF MNIOOFVF RWKXYINFVF,.
Cy intention is to get into ?arliament.
Crs. 0mithZs flat was not easy to find.
.. The Infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate.
+QKRST RFRSKUOFVF VHKVFHTOFVF RWKXYINFVF,.
The train was to leave at midnight.
Imprisonment began to tell upon him.
/. The Infinitive as an obDect . +GFEFHOIOMI,.
0he had learnt to dance at boarding school.
He found it utterly impossible to leave the place.
1. The Infinitive as part of a complex obDect.
0he saw him pick up a note.
1
I"d like you to listen carefully.
2. The Infinitive as an attribute. +FE[IGIHIOMI,
I"ve never had time to examine the room.
I have nobody to say a kind word to me.
4. K, The Infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
+F\RSFPSIHTRSUF ]IHM,
He put on his coat +so as, not to get cold.
b, (n adverbial modifier of result. +F\RSFPSIHTRSUF
RHIGRSUMP, +this chiefly occurs after adDectives with enough
and too).
His eyes were sharp enough to look after his own
interest.
He was too busy to see anyone.
c, (n adverbial modifier of manner +comparison,.
0he nervously moved her hand towards her lips as if to
stop him.
5. The Infinitive as parenthesis +UUFGOFI RHFUF MHM
E[IGHFJIOMI,
2e*e*ber the fo''owing^
To begin with @ OKQOIN R SFVF! QSF.
To cut a long story short @ WF[FQI VFUF[P
To be honest _ to tell truth @ EF E[KUGI VFUF[P
To say the least +of it, @ EF NIOT`Ia NI[I
To put it mildly @ NPVWF Ub[KJKPRT
To make matters worse @ U GFUI[`IOMM WF URINY
0o to say @ SKW RWKXKST
To put it mildly ! he was not up to the mark.
2
To cut a long story short ! they thought it would be more
economical to live at the villa.
Co**on structures with the Infinitive&

) the
0ubDect
E(ercises 3& 4a5e u) sentences according to the *ode'
e.g. collowing him is hard. @ It"s hard to follow him.
e.g. It"s a relief that I see you safe and sound. @ It"s a relief to
see you safe and sound.
%. 3oing this Dob is very important.
-. 'earning 9nglish is necessary.
.. >illing people is unforgivable.
/. diding a bicycle is dangerous.
1. Interrupting people is impolite.
2. 3ressing a wound is very painful.
4. (ttending your classes is your duty.
5. It"s a pleasure that I can see you again.
7. #atching a comedy is very amusing.
%8. dushing through a book is useless.
%%.Boing with him to picture galleries was a rare treat.
%-. 3oing it seemed a proper and natural thing.
%.. Taking him seriously would be an absurd thing.
E(ercises 6& Trans'ate into Eng'ish using the Infinitive with it%&
%. eNY S[YGOF UI[MST.
It-s ad7&$noun inf&
4
-. ea GFRSKUHPHF FV[FNOFI YGFUFHTRSUMI UMGIST! WKW MV[KfS
GISM.
.. gIEHFhF \bHF \b EFIhKST XK VF[FG XKUS[K.
/. gKN EFOKGF\MHFRT NOFVF U[INIOM! QSF\b Y\IGMST IVF! QSF
FO OIE[KU.
1. gI E[IGYE[IGMST IVF F\ iSFN \bHF \b OIQIRSOF.
2. jKN OI EFNI`KIS! IRHM Ub XKaNISIRT REF[SFN.
4. kQIOT E[MPSOF EMST MX WFHFG]K hFHFGOYf UFGY U JK[WMa
GIOT.
5. lJIaO EFS[I\FUKHFRT EFHQKRK OK SF! QSF\b GF\[KSTRP GF
VF[FGK.
7. mK iSMN RSFHFN hF[F`F [K\FSKST.
%8. nSF NFP F\PXKOOFRST @ YQMS UKR.
%%. gIWFSF[bN HfGPN S[YGOF YVFGMST.
%-. oSMhM S[YGOF EI[IUFGMST.
) the adverbial modifier of desult
E(ercise 8& Co*)'ete the sentences according to the *oda'&
e.g. I" m too busy ) I"m too busy to come to the party.
=ohn is intelligent enough . @ =ohn is intelligent enough to
understand the problem.
%. There was too much noise..
-. #illiam is too careful..
.. The day was too lovely.
/. The task was difficult enough..
1. 0he is old enough.
2. He was mature enough.
too ad7&$adverb& inf&
ad7&$adv& enough inf&
5
4. 'ife is too tough..
5. The idea was clever enough.
7. The dress is cut well enough
%8. The suitcase was too heavy
%%. I became brave enough..
%-. The weather is frosty enough.
%.. The boy is too curious..
%/. The ship was too far
%1. He didn"t know her well enough
E(ercise 9& Co*bine the sentences using the Infinitive with #to%
or #enough%&
%. The wine is too harsh. It"s can"t be tasty.
-. The dress is cut well. It"s elegant.
.. The weather is frosty. It isn"t enDoyable.
/. 0he is far too bewildered. 0he can"t speak.
1. The suitcase was too heavy. It was impossible to carry it.
2. The car is very small. It"s impossible to fit in all the kids.
4. 'ife is very short. It isn"t worth hating anyone for long.
5. 0he is clever. 0he is at the top of the class.
7. Cr. doberts is much too old.
He can"t go climbing as he used to.
%8. Cy holiday is long. I can spend it in 9ngland.
%%. He is very ill. He can"t eat anything.
%-. Tom was foolish. He told lies to the police.
%.. The bull isn"t big. He can"t harm you.
%/. The coffee isn"t strong. It won"t keep us awake.
%1. 0he was very mean. 0he never gave to charity.
E(ercise :& Trans'ate to Eng'ish&
%. kOK OK\[KHK RHM`WFN NOFVF UIRK! QSF\b R\[FRMST IVF
XK SKWFa WF[FSWMa R[FW.
7
-. lJFO \bH RHM`WFN FXK\FQIO RUFMN RFRSFPOMIN! QSF\b
F\[KSMST UOMNKOMI OK RIRS[Y.
.. gIGFRSKSFW JMXOIOOFVF FEbSK Y pK[[M \bH GFRSKSFQOF
FQIUMGIO! QSF\b E[IGHKVKST INY iSY [K\FSY.
/. q \bHK RHM`WFN UFX\YJGIOOFa! QSF\b EFXUFOMST MN M
EF\HKVFGK[MST.
1. lFN WKXKHRP \[F`IOObN M GFRSKSFQOF RSK[bN! QSF\b
E[FGKST IVF XK SKWYf ]IOY.
2. rb M SKW RHM`WFN hYGKP! QSF\b SI\I RKGMSTRP OK GMISY.
4. kO RHM`WFN VF[G! QSF\b XKOMNKST Y UKR GIOTVM.
5. jb E[M`HM RHM`WFN EFXGOF! QSF\b E[MOPST YQKRSMI U
RF[IUOFUKOMPh.
7. kO \bH RHM`WFN EF[KJIO! QSF\b UbNFHUMS hFST RHFUF.
%8. jRI \bHF RGIHKOF GFRSKSFQOF \bRS[F! QSF\b REKRSM IVF.
%%. oWHFOb hFHNK \bHM RHM`WFN W[YSbNM! QSF\b \bRS[F
EFGOPSTRP OKUI[h.
%-. kO \bH GFRSKSFQOF RNIHbN NYJQMOFa! QSF\b OI
[KRSI[PSTRP U S[YGOYf NMOYSY.
%.. jFE[FR \bH RHM`WFN S[YGObN! QSF\b [I`MST IVF SKW
\bRS[F.
%/. kOM OI XOKfS IVF GFRSKSFQOF hF[F`F! QSF\b GFUI[MSTRP
INY.
%1. sbHF YJI RHM`WFN EFXGOF! QSF\b EFNIOPST QSF )
OM\YGT.

)the (dverbial Codifier of ?urpose.
t Note^ so (that) $ in order (that) is used to e()ress )ur)ose in
a subordinate c'ause&
?lease! arrive early so that _ in order that we can start the
meeting on time.
so as inf&
in order inf&
%8
E(ercise ;& Co*)'ete the sentences according to the *ode'&
e.g. =anet went out in order +so as, .) =anet went out in order +so
as, to buy some food.
%. The soldiers moved at night so as not
-. 0cientists used only local materials in order..
.. I went to the shops in order
/. =oe bought a new motorbike so as..
1. #e spoke in whispers so as..
2. He took a taxi so as not..
4. It was a cold night! we stayed in doors in order not
5. 0ally started learning crench in order..
7. The woman opened her bag so as..
%8. I am going to Doin the army in order
%%. He listened to the radio in order
%-. He had a long stroll so as.
%.. I called on him yesterday so as.
%/. we must begin preparing for the exams immediately.
%1. ..you should read more aloud.
E(ercise .<& Trans'ate the sent into Eng'ish+ using so
as$in order to&
%. uSF\b OI UbVHPGIST RSK[`I RUFMh HIS! UKN OI OKGF
OK\M[KST UIR.
-. q UFXTNY SKWRM! QSF\b OI FEFXGKST U Ki[FEF[S.
.. kO GIHKH URI UFXNFJOFI! QSF\b EFGGI[JMUKST RUFf
vMXMQIRWYf vF[NY.
/. lJFO E[FNFHQKH! QSF\b OI JKHFUKSTRP OI RUFf RYGT\Y.
1. jb E[MIhKHM! QSF\b RGKUKST iWXKNIO$
%%
2. kO `IH OK ]bEFQWKh! QSF\b OI [KX\YGMST [I\IOWK.
4. kOM EFWMOYHM wv[MWY! QSF\b OI XK\FHIST NKHP[MIa.
5. kOM URS[ISMHMRT FEPST! QSF\b OI [KRRSKUKSTRP \FHT`I
OMWFVGK.
7. xFRbHWM [KRRF[SM[FUKHM! QSF\b OKaSM OYJOYf \IX
XKGI[JWM.
%8. q URSKH U 2 QKRFU! QSF\b OI FEFXGKST OK EFIXG.
%%. lKUKaSI GKGMN INY GIOIV! QSF\b FO WYEMH RHFUK[M GHP
URIa V[YEEb.
%-. yI\IOFW Ub\IJKH! QSF\b URS[ISMST NKST.
%.. zFVGK P `IH GFNFa! P FRSKOFUMHRP! QSF\b WYEMS VKXISY.
%/. lJFOY OYJOK YGKQK! QSF\b UbMV[KST RF[IUOFUKOMI.
%1. oIW[ISK[T UF`HK U WK\MOIS! QSF\b RFF\LMST! QSF NIOP
JGIS EFRISMSIHT.
E(ercise ..& Para)hrase using the Infinitive as an attribute&
4ode' I&
e.g. He was the second +the only one, who came to the finish.
He was the second +the only one, to come to the finish.
%. I"d like to be the one who can be offered this Dob.
-. 0afety is the first principle that must be observed in shooting
competitions.
.. It"s the only important problem that our generation can
solve.
/. ?acking is the first thing one should do properly.
1. 0he was the last who learnt the terrible news.
2. He is the last person who can break the promise.
4. 0he was the only one who complained.
5. He was the only applicant who received no reply to his
letter.
7. 0he was the first who saw the danger.
%-
%8. #ho was the last person who left the room$
%%. He complains that he is always the last who is informed.
%-. He found he was the only person who noticed the
discrepancy.
%.. If there is a vacancy I"d like to be the one who"ll be offered
the Dob.
%/. It was the biggest international trial which had ever been
held.
%1. These houses were among the few which had survived after
the great fire.
4ode' II&
! Note^ the Infinitive serves as an attribute to indefinite
)ronouns (somebody, nobody, anybody, something, nothing, etc&)
and e()ressions of =uantit, such as much, little, enough, a lot, a
great deal.
e.g. Here are some instructions that must be followed.
Here are some instructions to be followed +to follow,.
%. There are a lot of letters which must be typed.
-. There is nothing one can be ashamed of.
.. There was so much that was to be done.
/. There is nothing in his life that he may be proud of.
1. There is so much one can lose! there is so little one can find.
2. There was nobody here who could show him the way out.
4. #e had nowhere we could stay at for the night.
5. 0he"ll always find something one would talk about.
7. There was nothing we could argue about.
%8. Is there anybody here who can look after cred$
%%. There was nothing that could keep him at home that night.
%-. There was not we could gain by pretending.
%.. There was nothing we could fear.
%.
%/. I am afraid there isn"t much one can find out about him.
%1. There are many problems that must be attended to.
4ode' III.

e.g. The ;uestion that will be discussed at the meeting is very
important. ) The ;uestion to be discussed at the meeting is very
important.
e.g. I have a child who must be looked after. @ I have a child to look
after.

%. The people who will be invited to the conference must take an
active part in the work.
-. He knows all the places in the town that can be found there.
.. The railway that will be built there will Doin the two industrial
centers.
/. The next patient that was to be examined was a nice girl in her
early teens.
1. Honesty is the first principle that is to be observed when
working with us.
2. I have a ;uestion or two which must be considered.
4. He is not the man who will draw back when dignity is
concerned.
5. This is the mineral that can be found in this part of the
country.
7. The ship has arrived with the pictures which will be displayed
at the international exhibition.
%8. I have a lot of problems that must be solved.
%%. #e had no time one could lose.
%-. The library has received a list of the books which will be
published this year.
%.. I have a nice tool which can be used.
%/. They had a friend one could get along with.
%1. 0he had no one in whom she could confide.
%/
E(ercise .0& Trans'ate the sent into Eng'ish using the
Infinitive as an attribute&
%. jFS WOMVK! WFSF[Yf OKGF E[FQMSKST.
-. { OII IRST G[YXTP! WFSF[bI NFVYS OKUIRSMST Ie UF U[INP
\FHIXOM.
.. kO OI \bH QIHFUIWFN! WFSF[ba \bRS[F E[MUHIWKH W RI\I
UOMNKOMI.
/. kOK EI[UFa E[I[UKHK NFHQKOMI.
1. lJIW XOKH! QSF OIHTXP SI[PST U[INP. +There was no.,
2. xFRHIGOMa! WSF OKUIRSMH wOOY! \bH I| RbO.
4. { OKR IRST hF[F`Ma KOIWGFS! WFSF[ba Nb NFJIN
[KRRWKXKST UKN.
5. q EFXJI URIh [KXVKGKH II OKNI[IOMP.
7. { OII IRST [I\IOFW! F WFSF[FN OKGF XK\FSMSTRP.
%8. kOK SFSQKR EFQYURSUFUKHK! QSF Y OMh IRST QSF)SF! QSF
OYJOF RFF\LMST Ia.
%%. xKNPSOMW! WFSF[ba \YGIS UFXUIGIO XGIRT! \YGIS
EFRUPLIO VI[FPN UFaOb.
%-. jb\F[b! WFSF[bI RFRSFPSTRP U NKI! RWF[II URIVF!
E[MUIGYS W EF\IGI GINFW[KSMQIRWFa EK[SMM.
%.. jFS E[F\HINK! WFSF[Yf OKGF [I`MST OINIGHIOOF.
%/. eNY OIQIVF \bHF RSbGMSTRP.
%1. rI\I SKW NOFVFNY OKGF OKYQMSTRP.
%2. ea OIQIVF \bHF RWKXKST U RUFI FE[KUGKOMI.
%4. kO \bH RHIGYfLMN! WSF EFJKH NOI [YWY M EFXG[KUMH
NIOP.
%5. lJFO OI SFS QIHFUIW! WSF NFJIS RGIHKST JIOLMOY
RQKRSHMUFa.
%7. }IRSI[ \bH OI MX SIh! WFVF NFJOF \bHF HIVWF XKEYVKST.
-8. kOK XOKHK! QSF OM U QIN OI UMOFUKSK! Ia OIQIVF \bHF
RW[bUKST.
-%. xHKO OK`Ia [K\FSb \YGIS F\RYJGKSTRP OK RF\[KOMM!
WFSF[FI RFRSFMSRP XKUS[K.
--. ~OI F NOFVFN OYJOF EFGYNKST.
-.. { OMh OI \bHF JIHKOMP REF[MST R OMN.
-/. { OII IRST S[M RbOK! WFSF[bh OYJOF Ub[KRSMST.
%1
-1. jFS EHKSTI! WFSF[FI NFJIS RGIHKST Hf\Yf JIOLMOY
W[KRMUFa.
E(ercise .1& Co*)'ete the sentences according to the *ode'&
e.g. It"s interesting to talk to her. @ 0he is interesting to talk to.
! Note" we shou'd a'wa,s use the Indefinite Infinitive in the
Active Voice&
%. It"s hard to follow him.
-. It"s pleasant to look at her.
.. It"s not easy to please the old lady.
/. It"s hard to find a good friend.
1. It"s easy to teach this subDect.
2. It"s nice to work with calm people.
4. It"s not easy to find a road here.
5. It was difficult to decide the matter.
7. It"s pleasant to dance with the girl.
%8. It"s difficult to explain his behavior.
%%. It"s nice to have ice)cream for dessert.
%-. It"s easy to give advice but it"s difficult to follow it.
%.. It"s interesting to discuss this story.
%/. It"s not easy to calm an excited person.
%1. It"s pleasant to call on her. 0he is always glad to receive
guests.
E(ercise .3& Co*)'ete the fo''owing sentences according to
the *oda'&
%2
e.g. 0he is easy .) 0he is easy to dance with.
%. The boy is hard..
-. #hat he says is pleasant but rather hard
.. The stories are interesting
/. The sentence is easy.and useful
1. (ll she cook is niceand delicious
2. The lady is pleasant.
4. 0he was light on her feel and easy..
5. His thoughts are hard.
7. Their behavior was difficult..
%8. This fruit is nice
%%. The matter is easy.
%-. The child is nice.but difficult..
E(ercise .6& Trans'ate into Eng'ish&
%. j iSFN W[IRHI YGF\OF REKST.
-. nSF XK\FHIUKOMI S[YGOF HIQMST.
.. nSM MORS[YW]MM HIVWF UbEFHOPST.
/. eVF NbRHM S[YGOF EFOPST.
1. o OIa E[MPSOF MNIST GIHF.
2. rKWMI UILM S[YGOF F\PROMST.
4. eI OKRS[FIOMI HIVWF EFOPST.
5. rKWYf [FHT MOSI[IROF MV[KST.
7. o OKGIJObNM HfGTNM E[MPSOF [K\FSKST.
%8. xFJMHbN HfGPN F\bQOF S[YGOF YVFGMST.
%%. j ETIRI NOFVF R]IO! II OIHIVWF EFRSKUMST.
%-. zKW E[MPSOF SKO]IUKST EFG iSY NIHFGMf.
%.. j RFU[INIOObh KUSF\YRKh YRSKOFUHIOb W[IRHK! U
WFSF[bh YGF\OF RMGIST.
%/. nSF RSMhFSUF[IOMI HIVWF XKEFNOMST.
%1. h PXbW OI S[YGOF \bHF EFOPST.
) the ?redicative
%4
Noun $ adverb to be inf&
E(ercise .8& Co*)'ete the sentences using the Infinitive
according to the *oda'&

Note^ the sub7ect of the sentence can be e()ressed b, a 'i*ited
nu*ber of nouns+ the *ost co**on are" thing, problem, wish,
idea, ambition, task, aim, ob, etc.
e.g. The only thing you have to do is to stay with the child.
His highest ambition
The Dob of a reporter
3r. =ohnson"s idea
His greatest wish
The only sensible thing
(ll I want you to do
The most he could do at the
moment
The least we can do
is
was
will be
to tell her every thing
to turn his native village into a
health resort
to expose his intentions
to go away
to stick to our decision
to give me advice
to try to understand her idea
to write a monumental work on art
E(ercise .9& Answer the =uestion using the Infinitive&
%. #hat"s your aim in life$
-. #hat would you like your friend to do for you$ +(ll I want..,
.. How do you see the Dob of an economist$
/. #hat"s your duty in the family$
1. #hat"s the foreign policy of this country$
2. #hat"s your highest ambition$
4. #hat did your parents threaten to do when you didn"t behave
well in your childhood$
5. #hat are generous people willing to do$
7. #hat is a ;uick)tempered man inclined to do$
%8. #hen a man proposes! what does a woman agree to do$
%%. #hat can"t students afford to do$
%-. #hen people get married! what do they promise to do$
%5
%.. #hat are you planning to do in future$
E(ercise .:& Trans'ate into Eng'ish&
%. rIEI[T SI\I SFHTWF FRSKISRP EFNIRSMST F\PUHIOMI U
VKXISY.
-. eGMORSUIOObN IVF JIHKOMIN \bHF YQMSTRP.
.. eGMORSUIOOba REFRF\ UbXGF[FUIST @ iSF OI RGKUKSTRP.
/. jRI! QSF INY hFSIHFRT! ) iSF OKaSM NIRSF! VGI NFJOF \bHF
\b FRSKOFUMSTRP OK OFQT.
1. xI[UFI! QSF OIF\hFGMNF RGIHKST RINTI! ) iSF
EFRFUISFUKSTRP R U[KQFN! K EFSFN YJI [I`KST! EFNIRSMST
\FHTOFVF U VFREMSKHT MHM OIS.
2. jRI! QSF Ia YGKHFRT RGIHKST! ) iSF YXOKST IVF OFNI[
SIHIvFOK.
4. gK` EHKO \bH U SFN! QSF\b XKWFOQMST GMEHFN U R[FW.
5. jK`K RHIGYfLKP XKGKQK @ E[FUI[MST [IXYHTSKSb
iWREI[MNIOSFU.
7. gKM\FHII YGMUMSIHTObN QYURSUFN +experience,! \bHF
YUMGIST RI\P U vMHTNI.
%8. xFRHIGOII! QSF P hFSIH \b RGIHKST! iSF F\MGIST UKR.
%%. eGMORSUIOOba REFRF\ RHKGMST R OIa @ iSF OI YRSYEKST.
%-. oKNFI \FHT`II! QSF FO NFV RGIHKST U SFS NFNIOS! @ iSF
E[IGHFJMST NOI RMVK[ISY.
%.. oKNFI NIOT`II! QSF Nb NFJIN RGIHKST! ) iSF
EFEbSKSTRP EFOPST UK`Y NbRHT.

@ EFQINY \b OI
XKQIN GIHKST $
Note" the Infinitive is used without #to%&
e.g. #hy cry over the spilt milk$
e.g. #hy not help him$
%7
>h, (not) do??@
E(ercise .;& Trans'ate into Eng'ish&
%. mKQIN S[KSMST U[INP OK SKWYf [K\FSY$
-. mKQIN EI[IJMUKST MX)XK EYRSPWFU$
.. xFQINY \b OI [KXF\[KSTRP U iSFN GIHI$
/. xFQINY \b OI UFREFHTXFUKSTRP IVF RFUISFN$
1. xFQINY \b OI EFIhKST SYGK OINIGHIOOF$
2. xFQINY \b OI MXUMOMSTRP! IRHM Ub OIE[KUb$
4. mKQIN OK[Y`KST E[KUMHK YHMQOFVF GUMJIOMP$ xFQINY \b
OI RHIGFUKST MN$
5. mKQIN FRWF[\HPST IVF QYURSUK$ xFQINY \b OI EFEbSKSTRP
EFOPST Mh$
7. xFQINY \b OI E[MRFIGMOMSTRP W iWRWY[RMM$
%8. mKQIN \[FRKST SIOOMR$ { UKR GFRSKSFQOF U[INIOM M OK
OIVF.
! Note" we use this structure to co**ent on so*eone-s
behavior& It-s *ain', used after the fo''owing ad7ectives" kind,
silly, stupid, nice, considerate, thoughtful, wise, clever, careless,
charming, ect.
e.g. It"s stupid of him not to have given her flowers.
E(ercise 0<& 4a5e u) sentences using the Infinitive.
e.g. It"s nice +bad! considerate, of you to go there +to have gone
there yesterday,.

-8
It-s ad7& of so*eone to do
It"s +was, bad
It"s
considerate
It"s silly
It"s wrong
It"s charming
It"s
thoughtful
It"s clever
It"s +un, wise
It"s
disgraceful
of him!
0ally!
our friends!
my
collegue!
his parents
to think that she and I once dined together
to admit the fact
to hurt people
to remember the figures
to be rude to 3avid
to be welcomed in such a way
to fall asleep like that
to start producing their own machine
to give up singing because you have a poor
voice
E(ercise 0.& Trans'ate into Eng'ish&
%. UK`Ia RSF[FOb \bHF \b VHYEF REF[MST R OKNM.
-. oF RSF[FOb lJF[GJK \bHF \b FQIOT NMHF E[MVHKRMST II
SKO]IUKST.
.. zKW NMHF R UK`Ia RSF[FOb E[IGHFJMST NOI iSY EFIXGWY.
/. q GYNKf! R UK`Ia RSF[FOb \bHF \b \IREIQOF FRSKUHPST
RUFIVF [I\IOWK OK EFEIQIOMI RFRIGIa.
1. lHP UKR OI hK[KWSI[OF SKW [YVKSTRP.
2. nSF OIUIJHMUF R II RSF[FOb FSWHFOPST E[MVHK`IOMI.
4. nSF OI[KXYNOF! QSF [FGMSIHM lJIaO UNI`MUKfSRP U II
JMXOT.
5. xHFhF! QSF FOK OI UFREFHTXFUKHKRT iSFa UFXNFJOFRSTf.
7. pHYEF R UK`Ia RSF[FOb E[FLKST Ia URI F`M\WM.
%8. jb \bHM FQIOT GF\[b! QSF FWKXKHM OKN EFNFLT.
%%. II RSF[FOb \bHF FQIOT YNOF XKRS[KhFUKST RUFf
JMXOT.
-%
%-. lHP RMHTObh HfGIa SMEMQOF GYNKST! QSF FOM NFVYS
E[IFGFHIST URI S[YGOFRSM.
%.. sIX[KRRYGOF R UK`Ia RSF[FOb E[MOMNKST YQKRSMI U
iSFN E[FIWSI.
) the obDect.
! Note" >e use the Infinitive after the verbs given in the chart&
After dare we use the Infinitive with or without to& After daren-t
(dare not) the Infinitive is used without to&
e.g. #ould you dare to do a parachute Dump$
e.g. I daren"t tell him what happened.
E(ercise 00& Co*)'ete the sentences and en'arge the
situations using the Infinitive&


e.g. He failed to catch a hare.
fail
afford
arrange
manage
want
tend
refuse
to lose weight
to take a degree in philosophy
to stick to a diet
to go out
to succeed in business
to share the money with smb
to earn a fortune
--
verb inf&
promise
agree
dare
to bear responsibility
to hold a competition
to keep a record of smth.
to take part in
@ the obDect.

! Note" the Infinitive as ob7ect is used after various 5inds of
ad7ectives the *ost co**on are" afraid, an!ious, ashamed,
delighted, glad, good, happy, lucky, thankful, surprised, sorry,
willing, etc.
e.g. I am sorry to have done you harm.
E(ercise 01& Co*)'ete the sentences&
e.g. He"s still very anxious to see you.

0he"s anxious
I felt reluctant
He would be crazy
I must take ?hil with me! he"s keen
He was sorry
&ou"ll be relieved
3inner was ready
0he is happy
The subDect isn"t likely
to do you harm
to come to my place
to be raised during the talks
to go out that night
to be served
to be talked to about it
to hear the document is now in
their hands
to disturb you _ to have disturb
to meet the ?resident
-.
ad7 inf (act$)ass)
! Note" The Infinitive *a, serve as ob7ect in sentences with it
as a sub7ect& The *ost co**on verbs after which the Infinitive
is used in this function are" to ama#e, to annoy, to delight, to
pu##le, to shock, to occur, to surprise, to trouble and others.
e.g. It pleased her particularly to see her children playing.
e.g. It never occurred to him to pretend that he had no influence on
events.
There are a nu*ber of set )hrases to re*e*ber&
It does *e good to get up early in the morning.
It cou'dn-t do an, har* to take her out of town.
It too5 her severa' da,s to realize it.
It was his turn to cook dinner.
It was u) to the girl to decide whether or not to accept the
invitation.
It-s ti*e to get down to work.
E(ercise 03& Co*)'ete the sentences&
It amazed me
It never occurred to them
It took her some time
It shocked Cary
It delighted me
It tortured her
It fascinated the girl
It gave him pleasure
It"ll be of interest
I don"t think it will amuse you ...
RRF[MSTRP R RFRIGFN
EYSI`IRSUFUKST EF OIXOKWFNbN NIRSKN
YXOKST! QSF XK QIHFUIW iSFS wHHIO
E[MVFSFUMST F\IG GHP OIVF
UMGIST! WKW [KRRS[FIOb [FGMSIHM
OKaSM G[YVYf WUK[SM[Y
GYNKST F EFIXGWI XK V[KOM]Y
EMRKST iRRI F IVF [FNKOKh
FRFXOKUKST! QSF xiS [KXGIHPHK IVF NbRHM
USPOYST IVF U RRF[Y
-/
E(ercise 06& Trans'ate into Eng'ish using the Infinitive
an ob7ect&
%. q OI JIHKf NIOPST RUFI NOIOMI.
-. kO EFS[I\FUKH! QSF\b INY E[IGFRSKUMHM UFXNFJOFRST
GFWKXKST iSF.
.. q E[F`Y! QSF\b NIOP UbRHY`KHM.
/. xFQINY Ub OI EFS[I\FUKHM! QSF\b UKN GKHM WFEMf$
1. q OI NFVY EFXUFHMST RI\I WYEMST SKWYf GF[FVYf
NK`MOY.
2. ~Fa G[YV OI FRNIHMHRP RWKXKST NOI E[KUGY.
4. oSMU E[IGHFJMH EFGUIRSM NIOP GF RSKO]MM.
5. oIVFGOP NFP FQI[IGT NbST EFRYGY.
7. eNY EFS[I\FUKHFRT EFHQKRK! QSF\b OKEMRKST EMRTNF
G[YVY.
%8. lJIW EFF\ILKH E[MOPST YQKRSMI U RF[IUOFUKOMPh! M
SIEI[T FO RFJKHIIS! QSF RGIHKH iSF.
%%. ~KHFUI[FPSOF +to be unlikely,! QSF UK`K RIRS[K
E[MIGIS OK [IEISM]Mf RIVFGOP! hFSP FOK M FQIOT hFQIS
MV[KST VHKUOYf [FHT U OK`IN REIWSKWHI.
%-. jKN EF[K EFMRWKST OFUYf [K\FSY.
%.. jKN [I`KST! WFNY MX UK`Mh G[YXIa NFJOF GFUI[PST.
%/. jKN EFS[I\YISRP OIRWFHTWF GOIa! QSF\b [I`MST iSY
E[F\HINY.
%1. yFGMSIHPN OI EFU[IGMS +do smb. good_bad, YGIHPST
\FHT`I UOMNKOMP RUFMN GISPN.
%2. q E[MSUF[MHRP! QSF OI XKNISMH IVF RNYLIOMP.
%4. q EFRSK[KfRT OI XK\bST EFRHKST MN SIHIV[KNNY.
%5. kO OI Hf\MH! WFVGK INY VFUF[MHM F\ iSFN.
%7. lJFO \bH [KG EFXOKWFNMSTRP R G[YXTPNM eHIOb.
-8. rY[MRSb \bHM GFUFHTOb! QSF EF\bUKHM U RSK[MOOFN
XKNWI.
-%. kO \bH [KG! QSF EFRISMH iSY WK[SMOOYf VKHI[If.
--. ~i[M OI Hf\MHK! WFVGK Ia OKEFNMOKHM F II F`M\WKh
U E[MRYSRSUMM G[YXIa.
-1
-.. eNY M U VFHFUY OI E[M`HF [KRRWKXKST Ia E[KUGY.
-/. lJIaO \bHK `FWM[FUKOK! YXOKU! QSF II F\NKOYHM.
-1. q \YGY \HKVFGK[IO! IRHM NOI EFGK[PS OFUba
SIHIUMXF[.


E(ercise 08& /se the Infinitive with for-)hrases&


e.g. It"s hard +impossible! easy, for her to carry this bag.
The teacher was waiting for =ack to raise his hand.
It"s not for him to explain the matter.
%. This is the matter that you must attend to.
-. The best thing that he can do is to refer to this article.
.. 0he is rather late which is unusual.
/. It"s necessary that he should stick to the point.
1. 0he explained everything. It was not difficult.
2. Her father made the decision. Its the usual thing in her
family.
4. It would be better if you stay in bed.
5. The guide stopped the coach so that the tourists might get on.
7. He held the door open to let his parents come in.
%8. The traffic was too heavy. We couldnt cross the road.
%%. &ou need"t leave us so early +There"s no need,
%-. The problem was comparatively easy. He solved it in half
an hour.
%.. He is Dust the man whom you should consult.
%/. The ice has become too thin! so the boys cant go skiing.
%1. &ou have only to play a melody once and hell repeat it
from memory.
-2
& & & for s*b$s*th to do
E(ercise 09& Trans'ate the sentence into Eng'ish using the
for AInfinitive Construction&

%. oKNFI HYQ`II! QSF Ub NFJISI RIaQKR RGIHKST @ iSF
EFIhKST U FSEYRW OK fV.
-. kO EFE[FRMH E[MOIRSM [YQWY M \YNKVY.
.. nSFS SIWRS GFRSKSFQOF HIVWMa! QSF\b Ub NFVHM E[FQMSKST
IVF \IX RHFUK[P.
/. eNY OMQIVF OI FRSKISRP GIHKST! WKW OINIGHIOOF UbIhKST U
~FRWUY.
1. oGIHKST iSF GFHJIO \bH FO.
2. sYGIS OI[KXYNOF! IRHM FO RIaQKR YIGIS MX yFRRMM.
4. xI[UFI! QSF Nb GFHJOb RGIHKST @ iSF XKWKXKST \MHISb.
5. jFE[FR \bH RHM`WFN OIFJMGKOObN! QSF\b P NFV OK OIVF
FSUISMST.
7. q EFGQI[WOYH iSM E[IGHFJIOMP! QSF\b Ub NFVHM Mh
E[FKOKHMXM[FUKST.
%8. kO EFGFJGKH! EFWK P RPGY U W[IRHF.
%%. gI UKN RSKUMST YRHFUMP6
%-. gKN OMQIVF OI FRSKISRP GIHKST! WKW UIRIHMST RKNMh RI\P.
%.. N OIUFXNFJOF \bHF FEMRKST RUFf JMXOT U GI[IUOI.
%/. yF\I[S JGKH E[MhFGK OFQM! QSF\b UbRWFHTXOYST MX
GFNK.
%1. ~Fa GFN URIVGK VFSFU W SFNY! QSF\b Hf\Fa NFV UFaSM M
[KREFHFJMSTRP.
%2. lF[FVFa! RIaQKR OI U[INP OKN REF[MST.
%4. kO FSW[bH GUI[T! QSF\b FOK UF`HK U GFN.
%5. gK RSFHI HIJKHF NOFVF \YNKV! WFSF[bI INY OKGF \bHF
E[FQMSKST! OF FO FRSKUMH Mh \IX UOMNKOMP.
%7. kOK EFE[FRMHK E[MOIRSM \YNKVM.
-8. ~OI FQIOT hFQISRP! QSF\b SI\I YGKUKHFRT URI! XK QSF Sb
\I[I`TRP +to be anxious for,.
-%. q GYNKf! RSbGOF HfGPN! S[KSMST SKW NOFVF GIOIV OK
EYRSPWM.
--. eNY OMQIVF OI FRSKUKHFRT GIHKST! W[FNI WKW YaSM.
-4
E(ercise 0:& Trans'ate the sentences into Eng'ish using the
Infinitive in different structures&

%. kO [KG! QSF IVF URS[ISMHM OK UFWXKHI.
-. q OI E[IGEFHKVKH! QSF NIOP E[I[UYS U RKNFN OKQKHI
[IQM.
.. ~OI OIHFUWF! QSF P E[MQMOMH UKN RSFHTWF
\IREFWFaRSUK.
/. kOM GFUFHTOb! QSF Mh E[MVHKRMHM OK WFOvI[IO]Mf.
1. eNY EFUIXHF! QSF FO \bH U SKWFa MOSI[IROFa EFIXGWI.
2. q RQKRSHMUK E[MVHKRMST UKR OK UIQI[.
4. kOK URIVGK OKaGIS! OKG QIN EFRNIPSTRP.
5. gI F QIN \bHF \IREFWFMSTRP. sFHTOFa QYURSUFUKH RI\P
HYQ`I.
7. kO SPJIHba QIHFUIW. o OMN S[YGOF MNIST GIHF.
%8. jFS JIOLMOK! R WFSF[Fa NFJOF EFVFUF[MST OK iSY
SINY.
%%. kO \bH SKW EF[KJIO! QSF OI NFV UbNFHUMST OM RHFUK.
%-. zHKaG OI Hf\MH! WFVGK INY OKEFNMOKHM F \IGOFRSM
IVF [FGMSIHIa.
%.. eGMORSUIOOFI! QSF INY hFSIHFRT! @ iSF EFRWF[II
XKWFOQMST iSY [K\FSY.
%/. eRST HM U GFNI WSF)OM\YGT! WSF NFV \b E[MRNFS[IST XK
\FHTObN$
%1. lISM F\FJKHM! WFVGK MN [KRRWKXbUKHM RS[K`ObI
MRSF[MM.
%2. nSMN ]Mv[KN S[YGOF EFUI[MST.
%4. eRST OIRWFHTWF vKWRFU! OK WFSF[bI OIF\hFGMNF
FSUISMST RIaQKR JI.
%5. rb \YGI`T UbRSYEKST RHIGYfLMN$ @ gIS! P \YGY
UbRSYEKST EFRHIGOMN.
%7. jFS RSKSTP! WFSF[Yf OYJOF E[FRNFS[IST EI[IG
XKRIGKOMIN.
-8. kO EI[Uba FSW[bH iSF E[IW[KROFI NIRSF GHP FSGbhK.
-%. q RWKXKH UKN URf E[KUGY. ~OI OIQIVF RW[bUKST.
-5
--. jb GFHJOb \bST FQIOT UOMNKSIHTOb! QSF\b UFGMST
SKWYf NK`MOY U VYRSFOKRIHIOOFN VF[FGI.
-.. O]MGIOS \bH RHM`WFN OIE[MPSOba! QSF\b VFUF[MST
F OIN.
-/. xFXGOF REF[MST F\ iSFN. {JI OMQIVF OIHTXP RGIHKST.
-1. oHFUK iSFa EIROM HIVWF XKEFNOMST.
-2. jRI! QSF Ia YGKHFRT RGIHKST! ) iSF YXOKST IVF OFNI[
SIHIvFOK.
-4. kO S[I\FUKH! QSF\b INY E[IGFRSKUMHM UFXNFJOFRST
GFWKXKST iSF.
-5. kOK EFE[FRMHK! QSF\b Ia GKHM E[FQIRST iSF EMRTNF.
-7. jKN U[IGOF RSFHTWF WY[MST.
.8. gI MN F\RYJGKST iSFS UFE[FR.
.%. jRI \bHF RGIHKOF! QSF\b REKRSM IVF.
.-. kO FJMGKH! QSF INY EFNFVYS G[YXTP.
... jb E[MIhKHM! QSF\b E[MOPST YQKRSMI U WFOvI[IO]MM$
./. gI E[IGYE[IGMST IVF F\ iSFN \bHF \b OIQIRSOF.
.1. ~b E[MSUF[MHMRT! QSF OI XKNISMHM IVF F`M\WM!
QSF\b OI RNYLKST IVF.
.2. lJIW OI RHY`KH \FHT`I M JGKH! WFVGK YIGIS
E[FvIRRF[.
.4. kOM JGKHM! WFVGK MN EFGKGYS F\IG.
.5. kO \bH [KG! QSF EFRISMH iSY WK[SMOOYf VKHI[If.
.7. N OIS OIF\hFGMNFRSM [K\FSKST XGIRT.
/8. ~OI JKHT! QSF P E[MQMOMH UKN SKW NOFVF hHFEFS.
E(ercise 0;& Trans'ate the sentence into Eng'ish+ using the
Infinitive as )arenthesis (to be honest+ to begin with+ to te''
the truth+ to sa, the 'east+ to *a5e things worse+
to cut a 'ong stor, short+ etc&)
%. xF E[KUGI VFUF[P ! Sb OIGFRSKSFQOF UX[FRHba! QSF\b
[I`MST! QSF hF[F`F GHP SI\P.
-7
-. w SIEI[T P HYQ`I FRSKOFUHfRT! QSF\b OI UbXUKST OFUbh
E[F\HIN! NPVWF VFUF[P.
.. gKQOIN R SFVF ! QSF NMRRMR wOGI[RFO \bHK
IGMORSUIOOFa! WSF XKhFSIH EFNFQT NOI.
/. zF[FQI VFUF[P! FO FEFXGKH OK EFIXG M OI RNFV E[MaSM OK
RUMGKOMI UF U[INP.
1. oWKXKST EF E[KUGI ! P QMSKH iSY WOMVY U F[MVMOKHI.
2. sIREFHIXOF E[FSMUF[IQMST UKN! Ub FQIOT YE[PNb! IRHM
OI RWKXKST \FHT`I.
4. gKQOIN R SFVF! QSF n[MWY OI EFO[KUMHFRT! WKW MXGKSIHT
[KXVFUK[MUKH R OMN YS[FN.
5. zF[FQI VFUF[P ! Mh UMOK FRSKHKRT OIGFWKXKOOFa.
7. gF iSF RS[KOOF! EF NIOT`Ia NI[I.
%8. j GFUI[`IOMM WF URINY ! EF`IH GFJGT! M Nb URI
E[FNFWHM GF WFRSIa.
%%. kSW[FUIOOF VFUF[P ! P E[FSMU [KOOMh \[KWFU.
%-. kOK Hf\FEbSOK! NPVWF Ub[KJKPRT.
%.. xF E[KUGI VFUF[P ! UK`K RIRS[K @ RKNKP FQK[FUKSIHTOKP
JIOLMOK! WFSF[Yf P WFVGK ) HM\F URS[IQKH.
%/. zF[FQI VFUF[P ! Nb OI RNFVHM GFWKXKST Mh UMOY.
%1. ~PVWF Ub[KJKPRT ! FO OI RWKXKH UKN URIa E[KUGb.
Co*)'e( Bb7ect
omplex :bDect is used after the verbs^
I&
#ant
I"d like
9xpect
onsider +think! believe, @
RQMSKST! EFHKVKST
(dvise
decommend
(llow
?ermit
smb_smth to do
I"d like him to attend his
lectures regularly.
#e consider +think, this
student to be very bright.
.8
9ncourage
'ike
Hate
! Note" with advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage,
forbid+ it-s necessar, to use a gerund (without an ob7ect)&
e.g. I don"t recommend staying in that hotel.
e.g. 0he doesn"t allow smoking here.
II&
0ee
Hear
ceel
#atch
Aotice
:bserve
smb_smth do_doing
I saw Cr.rown enter the room
and take his seat +succession of
actions,
He felt the blood rush into his
cheeks.
Cut^ =ane could see them playing in the garden +)rocess,.
! Note" >e do not use a Co*)'e( Bb7ect if the verbs see and
hear *ean #understand% or #'earn%&
e.g. I hear +I-ve heard, that you are losing interest in
tennis.
e.g. He saw that she wasn"t pleased with the news.
( omplex :bDect after the verbs denoting sense )erce)tion is
not used with the verb to be&
e.g. 0he saw that I was pale.
.%
III&
Cake @ XKRSKUHPST
'et @ EFXUFHPST
Have @ UIHIST
smb do
The film made me cry.
0he had her dog bring her
slippers.
! Note^ get s*b to do @ Y\IGMST! UIHIST.
e.g. &ou"ll never get her to help you.
>on-t have s*b do @ OI GFEYRSMST! OI [KX[I`MST.
He won"t have his son stay out so late.
E(ercise 1<& Answer the fo''owing =uestions using a
Co*)'e( Bb7ect&
%. #hich subDect do you consider to be the most difficult this
term$ #hy$
-. 3o you want your group mates to render you some help with
it$ If not! why$
.. #hom do you think to be the most outstanding scientist
+composer! writer, of the last century$
/. #hy did your parents make you come home early when you
were a schoolgirl +boy,$ How has the situation changed now$
1. 3o your parents let you arrange parties at home at weekends$
If not! why$
2. #hat do you usually advise your friends to do if they are
upset$
+bored! excited,$
4. #hy do parents usually get their children to do morning
exercises$
+to help them about the house$,
+to pay more attention to their studies$,
.-
+to be more polite$,
5. #hat did you see the policeman do when there was an
accident during a rush)hour$
E(ercise 1.& B)en the brac5ets using a Co*)'e( Bb7ect
where )ossib'e&
%. I want +my brother! to take, some precautions.
-. These articles will make +your hair! to stand, on end.
.. I make +myself! to exercise, and +to do, sit)ups for %8 minutes
every other morning.
/. 0ince I didn"t want +that! to happen, I took (ndrew"s advice.
1. #hy don"t you get +he! to go, to bed immediately$
2. I won"t have +anybody! to think, ill of her.
4. He had a desire to let +life! to go on, as if nothing had
changed.
5. 9ach of us told a story that made +the time! to pass, ;uickly.
7. #e expected +he! to come, by an early train.
%8. &our enthusiasm makes +I! to fell, young again.
%%. 3o you think +he! to be, fifty$
%-. I want +you! to explain, to me how to use this gadget.
%.. The telephone ringing made +she! to sit up, in bed.
%/. 3id they expect +she! to show, them the city$
%1. I have never noticed +he! to speak, with a slight accent.
%2. 0he heard +he! to call, her name.
%4. I have always thought +my work! to be, interesting.
%5. I"m sure I"ll have +he! to finish, the work on time.
%7. I won"t have +my daughter! to marry, a foreigner.
-8. 0he made +I! to feel, special.
-%. I heard +someone! to open, the door and +slam, it behind her.
..
--. =ohn saw +his brother! to pick up, something and +to put, it in
his bag.
-.. Cary saw +her brother! to be, displeased.
-/. I hear +he! to fall ill, this week. #hy not call on him$
-1. The has heard +something! to happen, to =ulia.
-2. The neighbors didn"t want +a house! to build, in the area.
-4. The teacher expected +a new plan! to work out, in the near
future.
E(ercise 10& Co*)'ete the sentence using a Co*)'e(
Bb7ect where )ossib'e&
%. He hated +WFVGK FOM FEKXGbUKHM,.
-. #e wanted +QSF\b FOM \bHM RQKRSHMUb,.
.. The passenger expected +QSF IVF \KVKJ \YGIS FSE[KUHIO U
yMN,.
/. He felt +WKW QSF)SF SPJIHFI RSYWOYHF IVF EF OFVI,.
1. He felt +WKW IVF VFHFR XKG[FJKH FS UFHOIOMP,.
2. Cother used to consider +QSF FO \bH OIE[KU,.
4. They heard the woman +URW[MWOYHK, and saw +WKW FOK
YEKHK OK XINHf \IX RFXOKOMP,.
5. Have you heard +QSF UK` G[YV XK\FHIH M OI RNFJIS
EFRILKST XKOPSMP GUI OIGIHM,$
7. The doctor ordered +QSF\b EKHKSY E[FUIS[MUKHM WKJGbI
- QKRK,.
%8. The newcomer had +QSF\b EF[STI E[MOIR IVF UILM
OINIGHIOOF,.
%%. His remark made +URIh QYURSUFUKST RI\P OIHFUWF,.
%-. 'et us try to get +QSF\b FO E[MRFIGMOMHRP W OK`Ia
WFNEKOMM,.
%.. ?eople who knew her felt +QSF FOK \bHK JIOLMOFa R
RMHTObN hK[KWSI[FN,.
%/. He saw +QSF FOK OIGFUFHTOK GFRSMVOYSbN
RFVHK`IOMIN,.
./
%1. He saw out of the corner of his eyes +WKW FOK
YhUKSMHKRT XK W[Ka RSFHK! QSF\b OI YEKRST,.
%2. ?aul heard +WKW SIHIvFO EFXUFOMH GUKJGb,.
%4. If you want +QSF\b Nb GF\[KHMRT, there before dark
you should let +OKN UbIhKST, at once.
%5. #e don"t allow +OMWFNY [KXVFUK[MUKST, U \M\HMFSIWI.
%7. #e saw +WKW FO E[MEK[WFUKH NK`MOY M EI[IRIW, the
road.
-8. The coach didn"t let +OMWFNY OK\HfGKST, team
practicing.
E(ercise 11& Para)hrase using a Co*)'e( Bb7ect&
%. I expect that he"ll be hard to deal with.
-. The boy wanted to go skating but his mother didn"t let him.
.. The patient didn"t want to take the medicine and we couldn"t
make him.
/. They entered the room! stayed there a minute and then left.
#e noticed that.
1. The man dropped an envelope in the letterbox. He saw it.
2. #e thought that they were lucky.
4. #e never suspected that he was capable of such an action.
5. cather likes it when his tea is strong.
7. #hat I want is that everything should be ready in an hour.
%8. I saw something strange^ the plate slipped from her
hands and fell on the floor.
%%. The wind was rising. The windows rattled +to make,.
%-. 0omebody motioned her name. 'ily heard it.
%.. (t the thought of it I felt sad. +to make,
%/. I never smoke indoos. Cy mother doesn"t like it.
%1. #e consider that the young man is a promising writer.
%2. He is an honest boy. #e know it.
%4. Cy children don"t watch T shows that are violent. I don"t
let them.
%5. I"d like to see how he would say it to my face.
.1
%7. 3on"t read my letters. I hate it.
-8. I have always thought my work is very interesting.
E(ercise 13& Trans'ate using a Co*)'e( Bb7ect where
)ossib'e&
%. ~b YUMGIHM! WKW FO Ub\[KH ]UISb M EFGK[MH Mh RUFIa
GIUY`WI.
-. ~KST EFXUFHMHK GISPN F[VKOMXFUKST UIQI[MOWY.
.. q RQMSKf! QSF FO E[KU U RUFIN [I`IOMM.
/. q OI EFXUFHf VFUF[MST SKWMI UILM U NFIN E[MRYSRSUMM
+I won"t have ,.
1. xF[YQMSI UK`INY RIW[ISK[f RGIHKST WFEMM iSMh
GFWYNIOSFU.
2. xFQINY Ub XKRSKUMHM OKR SKW GFHVF JGKST$
4. q EFQYURSUFUKH! QSF iSF ) E[KUGK! M EFQYURSUFUKH! WKW Y
NIOP XKWFHFSMHFRT RI[G]I.
5. kO UMGIH! QSF FOK IVF OI EFOMNKIS.
7. kOM OI UMGIHM! WKW P UXPH WFHT]F.
%8. q OI Hf\Hf! WFVGK MNP YEFNMOKfS OK RF\[KOMM.
%%. jRI RHb`KHM! WKW E[FvIRRF[ YEFNPOYH F\ iSMh vKWSKh
U RUFIa HIW]MM.
%-. q RHb`KH! QSF FO YJI YIhKH OK RIUI[.
%.. lISM YUMGIHM! QSF FSI] UXUFHOFUKO M RE[FRMHM IVF! U
QIN GIHF.
%/. ~b EFQYURSUFUKHM! QSF FO OI XKNISMH OKR.
%1. q OI hFQY! QSF\b [K\FSK GIHKHKRT U REI`WI.
%2. rb OI hFQI`T! QSF\b iSF \bHF XK\bSF$
%4. N \b hFSIHFRT! QSF\b OK iSFN NIRSI \bH EFRS[FIO
GFN.
%5. oSYGIOS OI FJMGKH! QSF IVF HIW]Mf E[FRHY`KfS R
SKWMN UOMNKOMIN.
%7. FSMSI HM Ub! QSF\b Mh EFXOKWFNMHM R UKNM$
-8. ~b XKNISMHM! WKW NKHTQM`WM XK\[KHMRT U QIa)SF RKG.
.2
E(ercise 16& Trans'ate using a Co*)'e( Bb7ect where
)ossib'e.
%. kOK EFQYURSUFUKHK! WKW WSF)SF WFROYHRP II EHIQK.
-. q OI UbOF`Y! WFVGK R GISTNM EHFhF F\[KLKfSRP.
.. kOK EFQYURSUFUKHK! QSF IVF RHFUK OIMRW[IOOM.
/. q OMWFVGK OI RHb`KH! WKW FOK VFUF[MHK EF)KOVHMaRWM.
1. q RHb`KH! QSF FOK VFUF[MS EF)WF[IaRWM FQIOT hF[F`F.
2. q UMGIH! WKW RSYGIOS UF`IH U QMSKHTOba XKH! UXPH WOMVM
M E[MOPHRP XK [K\FSY.
4. kO XKRSKUMH NIOP ROPST EKHTSF M UbEMST QK`WY QKf.
5. x[IEFGKUKSIHT [KREF[PGMHRP +to have,! QSF\b RSYGIOSb
UbEMRKHM RHFUK MX RHFUK[P.
7. lF\IaSIRT +to have,! QSF\b FO F\[KSMHRP W U[KQY.
%8. lFJGT XKRSKUMH Mh UI[OYSTRP GFNFa.
%%. kSI] hFSIH! QSF\b IVF RbO RSKH U[KQFN.
%-. q URIVGK RQMSKH Mh RUFMNM G[YXTPNM.
%.. x[IEFGKUKSIHT UMGIH! QSF YQIOMW OI EFOPH E[KUMHK M
F\PROMH IVF ILI [KX.
%/. lJFO XKRSKUMH JIOY EFUMOFUKSTRP INY UF URIN.
%1. ~MRR sISRM QYURSUFUKHK! QSF lKUMG VFUF[MS E[KUGY.
%2. xI[UFI! QSF OKN OKGF RGIHKST @ iSF XKRSKUMST WFVF)HM\F
FSOIRSM \KVKJ OK EI[[FO.
%4. x[IEFGKUKSIHT FJMGKH! QSF RSYGIOSb GKGYS hF[F`Ma
FSUIS OK iSFS UFE[FR OK iWXKNIOI.
%5. jRI XOKHM IVF WKW FEbSOFVF U[KQK.
%7. q GYNKf! OI RHYQMSRP OMQIVF EHFhFVF! IRHM Nb
EFXUFHMN INY E[MaSM.
-8. jHKRSM VF[FGK hFSIHM! QSF\b OK NIRSI RSK[Fa
VFRSMOM]b \bH [KX\MS EK[W.
E(ercise 18& Find the for*s of the Infinitive and
under'ine the*& 2ete'' the stories using
different structures with the Infinitive&
.4
The great esca)e&
Canada
The lavy family and their two dogs! onzo and 3oodah!
moved from the suburbs of irmingham to anada two years ago.
Carion! a full)time housewife! and (ndy lavy! a mechanical
engineer with a machine supply company! now live with their two
children! Catthew! %- and Cark! 7 in 0tony ?lain! (lberta! not far
from the docky Countains.
4arion^ I still canZt believe weZre actually here. 3o we really live
in this big house! surrounded by fir trees! on four acres of land! Dust
three hoursZ drive from the dockies$ ItZs the most spectacular
scenery IZve ever seen. Aot that life in irmingham was that bad. #e
were comfortably well)off! but (ndy worked %-)hour days. He used
to come home every night! have a shower! eat dinner! then crash out.
I thought! There must be more to life than this6 #e rarely spent
time together as a family.
Then (ndy was made redundant and given a pay)out of more
than -8!888! so we took the plunge. #e had always wanted to live
in anada! ever since weZd visited cousins here! so we applied. :ur
application took a nail)biting eighteen months to be accepted and it
cost -!888.
Then we sold our house! a semi with a pocket)handkerchief
garden. 9migrating is an expensive business. It cost %!888 Dust to
fly the dogs here6
#e didnZt know a soul when we arrived in (lberta! but in Dust a
few months we had made plenty of anadian friends. It took time
for us to get used to the way they come into your house and use
the telephone and take drinks from the fridge without asking. ut
I"m less 9nglish about such things now.
Coving anada has made us a lot closer as a family. #e do
sports together! visit friendsZ houses for barbecues! and go
sightseeing in the dockies. The children love their schools. They
think itZs great not to have to wear a uniform. (nd the girls go mad
.5
for Catthew here because of his 9nglish accent)the phone never
stops ringing6
I donZt miss much about 9ngland! except the castles and the
greenness of the countryside! but now we have the docky Countains.
I certainly donZt miss the 9nglish weather. 9ven in the winter here!
when the temperature is )/1 degrees! the sun usually shines and the
sky is blue.
And,^ efore we moved! I was always too exhausted to do
anything with Carion and the boys. Aow I only work eight)hour days.
Carion and I have much more time for each other. usiness is a lot
more relaxed! too. &ou donZt wear suits and ties! and nobody calls
anybody ZCr.Z. ItZs all first names and T)shirts and Deans. It took a
few months to find a decent Dob! so for a while we had financial
worries. ut in the end I was lucky. <nemployment here is ;uite
high.
I donZt miss anything about 9ngland except the cricket! and of
course my family! but my parents have already visited us twice. Cy
sisters are staying with us at the moment and having a great time.
Coving here is the best thing weZve ever done.
Dreece
Hazel and arry #hite left 9ngland five years ago with their
baby daughter! 3aisy. They moved from their basement fiat in
north 'ondon to a two)bedroom apartment overlooking the sea on
the Breek island of (gastri. They earned about %5!888 between
them in 'ondon! working in the hotel business. They have set up a
watersports business in Breece.
Carr,^ 3aisy was three months old when I decided we simply
had to leave 'ondon. #e werenZt unhappy in 'ondon! we enDoyed
our work. ut we worried that our child couldnZt run freely in the
busy 'ondon streets. #e wanted her to grow up carefree and in the
sunshine. Hazel and I had had a couple of holidays in (gastri and
had made some Breek friends there. ItZs very beautiful and
peaceful. In Breek! agastri means Zfishing hookZ! and the locals say!
.7
#hen you come to (gastri! youZre hooked 0o we took the plunge!
sold our flat! and moved. :ur family and friends thought we were
crazy.
( tourist sports business seemed a good way to earn a living in
Breece! so with the money from our flat we bought waterskiing
e;uipment and two speedboats. 'ater! I bought a varka or passenger
boat for fishing trips and picnics round the island. dunning the
business hasnZt been easy. Things are very bureaucratic here and
sometimes this can be very frustrating. It took some time to get used
to so many forms and officials! but IZm more patient now.
(lso! IZve found the Breek language very difficult. cortunately! I
understand more than I can speak! so I get by. ut 3aisy is more
Breek than 9nglish now. 0heZs absolutely bilingual and the only
9nglish child at her school. 'iving on (gastri is definitely better for
her. 0he runs round the village and talks to everyone. 9veryone
knows her.
I donZt miss 9ngland much! mainly family and friends. I do miss
the theatre so but we get good movies here. I also miss sausages! 0tilton
cheese! and white thick)sliced bread6 ut thatZs all. I think Hazel has
found it more difficult than me.
HaEe'^ I didnZt realize what a big culture shock it would be. It
has taken me a long time to get used to the Breek way of life!
especially on such a small island. Here the women arenZt treated the
same way as men. They are expected to stay at so home more! and in
the winter they hardly go out at all. ut people are very kind and
generous. In a way! the community is like a big happy family! which
is great! especially for 3aisy! but it also means that everyone knows
everything about you.
I have a few Breek women friends! but the language barrier was
very hard at first. I used to visit their homes for coffee and sit for
hours not understanding a single word. :ur life here has certainly
tested my relationship with arry. The business has had some bad
times. ThereZs such a huge difference between our winter and
summer income! and money worries cause our tempers to fray6 Aext
winter! I"m going back to 'ondon for a few months with 3aisy ) I
/8
miss my parents terribly. Ao doubt IZll be back here with arry in
the spring! but IZm not entirely sure. I sometimes have doubts about
living here.
/%
/-