Objectives:

-Discuss the uses of small engines

-Observe all safety precautions when working with small
engines
-Distinguish between two and four cycle engines
- explain how a 4 cycle engine operates
-Explain how a 2 cycle engine operates
-Identify all the systems in a small engine
-Explain how the different systems of a small engine work
Fundamentals of Small Gas
Engines
Terms to know
Internal combustion
engine
External combustion
engine
Four cycle engine
Piston
Cylinder
Crankshaft
Block
Valves
Intake stroke
Compression stroke
Power stroke
Exhaust stroke
Flywheel
Two-cycle engine
Piston rings
Carburator
Venturi
Camshaft
Governor
Magneto
Primary circuit
Secondary circuit
Safety precautions
Wear safety glasses and leather shoes
Keep your hands, feet and other body parts from
all moving parts.
Do not allow burning material near oil, solvents or
gasoline
Do not smoke near openings of gasoline tanks or
containers
Disconnect spark plug cable prior to making any
adjustments on machines to prevent the
possibility of accidental engine start up.
Stop the engine and allow it to cool before
refueling
Handle gasoline outdoors whenever possible

Safety precautions
Never disengage any of the safety equipment or
devices on the engine or machine
Keep all shields in place
Do not operate engines or force equipment
beyond the designed capacity
Never start and run an engine inside a building
where the ventilation is inadequate.
Never use gasoline as a solvent or to clean
engine parts
Dispose of gasoline properly, by pouring it into an
approved container. Never pour in onto the
ground or down a drain.
Types of combustion engines
http://www.animatedengines.com/otto.shtml


How does a 4 stroke engine
work?
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine1.htm
http://www.5min.com/Video/Starting-an-Internal-
Combustion-Engine-145338934

2 stroke engine
How do 2 stroke engines work?
http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engin
es-equipment/two-stroke2.htm
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/2
00-how-diesel-two-stroke-engines-work-video.htm


Engine Systems
Compression system
Fuel system
Ignition system
Cooling system
Lubrication system

ACTIVITY! Break yourselves into groups of 2-3
Each group is responsible for 1 system in the engine.
You need to either make a descriptive poster or power
point describing your engine system. YOUR group will
be RESPONSIBLE for TEACHING other groups
about your SYSTEM.

QUIZ!
1. What is the purpose of oil in the engine?
2. What is the governor?
3. What is the difference between a 2 stroke and 4
stroke engine?
4. What are some common causes of compression
loss?
5. What connects the piston to the crankshaft?
6. What are piston rings needed for?