3.

1 Pressure
Pressure is defined as the force acting normally on a unit surface area.
P =
A
F
, F = Normal force (N) and A = area (m
2
)
The SI unit of pressure is pascal (Pa) , which is eual to N m
!2
"#ercise$
%. The mass of &en 'ui is () *g. She wears a pair of high!heeled shoes, each with a surface area
of contact of %.+ cm
2
with the floor. &hat is the pressure e#erted ,y &en 'ui on the floor-.
2. . ,loc* resting on a floor has a contact area of (// cm
2
. If the pressure e#erted ,y a ,loc* on
the floor is + *Pa, what is the mass of the ,loc*-
0. . woman with a mass of +( *g wears a pair of high heeled shoes of ,ase area % cm
2
each.
&hat is the pressure e#erted on the floor ,y the woman.
(. . ,oy of mass 0+ *g stand on the floor. If the area of his feet is %(/ cm
2
, what is the pressure
acting on the floor when the ,oy stands on one foot-
+. . pressure of (// *Pa is reuired to push a needle though a leather. If the area of the needle
point has an area of /./1 mm
2
, what is the minimum force reuired-
1. The pressure in each of the four tyres of a %2// *g automo,ile is +2/ *Pa. 'ow much area of
each tyre is in contact with the ground-
). The mass of a car is %/// *g. If the area of contact ,etween the tyres and the road surface is 2+
cm
2
, calculate the pressure e#erted ,y each tyre on the surface of the road.
2. . ,a,y sits on a ta,le and the legs of the ta,le ha3e a diameter of ( cm. The pressure e#erted
on each leg is %+ 4%/ Pa. &hat is the weight of the ,a,y-
4. . ,alloon is pressured with a force of 2.( N using a finger and a needle. 5ind the pressure
e#erted on the ,alloon if
a) the area of the fingertip is 2 # %/
!(
m
2
.
,) the area of the needle is 2.2 # %/
!0
cm
2
%/. . student pressing a thum,tac* into a piece of wood with a force of %+ N. The surface area of
the head of the thum,tac* is % cm
2
and the cross!sectional area of the tip of the thum,tac* is /./%
cm
2
.6alculate the the pressure e#erted ,y the students on the head of the thum,tac* and the tip of
the thum,tac*.
%%. .7mi placed a ,loc* of copper, with dimensions % cm # 2 cm # + cm, on his palm. &hat is the
minimum pressure e#erted on is palm- (copper density = +// *g m
!0
)
%2. The weight of a wooden ,loc* with dimensions /.2 m # /.0 m # /.2 m is %2 N, calculate the
ma#imum and minimum pressure that the ,loc* e#erts on the floor.
%0. . ,ill,oard ,lown ,y a wind force of %// N, at an angle of 2+8 to the normal of the ,oard. If
the area of the ,oard is 2 cm
2
, what is the pressure of the wind on the ,oard-
%(. . 2+/ N force is applied at an angle of 0/8 to the surface of a ,loc*. The surface is a suare
of sides %/ cm. &hat is the pressure e#erted on the surface-