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CSEC MATHEMATICS
Past Paper Solution Jan 2008
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** Please see the original past paper for the questions.
Only the answers will be provided as per copyright obligations.
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
#$a. %an &''(
step 1. simplifying the numerator :
$
$
)

*
+
=
(
)

*
+
=
*&&$
&(
=
$$
&(
step &. ,implifying the denominator:

&
$
&

$
-
.
-
&

$
-
.
-
$'
.
$
&
step *. Divide Numerator by denominator:

$$
&(

$
&

$$
&(

&
$
.
$$
$+
(ii
&
'.&+
'.$-
. &
'.&+$''
'.$-$''
. &
&+
$-
.
*'&+
$-
.
/
$-
.
&
-
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
$.b
0ash 1rice . 2*$3.3-
4otal hire purchase price . ! /3$'! &(.-' . 2*-+.''
Difference in 0ash 5 6ire purchase price
. *-+.'' 7 *$3.3- . 2*+.'-
Difference as a percentage of cash price
.
*+.'-
*$3.3-
$'' . $'./+8
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Q2.a
if * " &x)

&x<) " * ..9ov * to :6,

&x<+ ..simplify

# < & ..div both sides by &

# >& ..multiply both sides by ;<$=

and reverse sign
#&a;ii=
4he smallest whole number that satisfies the ine>uality is x = 0
Q2 !
$. #
&
" #y=# #y
&. a
&
" $= a$ a$
*. &p " &> " p
&
pq . & pq " p pq
. &p pq
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"ro# t$e ta!le %i&en'
9oney collected for sponge ca?e . & ;? @-=
9oney collected for 0hocolate ca?e . $'?
9oney collected for fruit ca?e . +&? .(?
4otal money collected . ; &? @ $' @ $'? @ ( ?= . &'? @ $'
If total momey collected . 2$+'.

&'? @ $' . $+'

? . ;$+' 7 $'= over &' . /.-

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&
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Q3
$. $ % . lAmA?A pA>
&. ,( = nA rA >
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
b=
4he following diagrams are drawn to demonstrate the
theorems:
step$. Bind angle CD0
Angles in a triangle . $('

&'( . $('3'+& . +(
step&. Bind angle ACD
)ngle )'&=(&' . +( ( alt. )ngles
,tep *.
)'( . +(+& . 3'
'
4riangle ACD is isoceles so base angles are e>ual . +(
'
6ence )'( . $('+(+( = (+
'
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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S T
k, p
U
l, m q
n, r
48
D
C
90
42
B
48
48
B D
alternate
angles
A
C
42
B
48
C
A
48
B
D
48
84
A
*
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Q)
4ime to travel from A to C
. $+:&' 7 ) :*' . /hrs @ -' min . /.(** hrs
Distance from A to C . +$'?m
AvgA ,peed .
&istance
time
. +$' over /.(*** . /' ?mDh
b=
*ote t$e +ollo,in%'
4he unshaded portion represents a >uarter;$D+= of a circle:
,haded portion . area of s>uare 7 unshaded area
i= Area of circle of radius ; r . *.-cm= . *.-
&
. *(.- cm
&
unshaded area . E ; circle= . E ;*3.-= . 3./&- cm
&
ii= Area of s>uare of side *.- cm . *.-
&
. $&.&- cm
&
iii= ,haded Area . area of s>uare 7 unshaded area
. $&.&- " 3./&- . &./&- cm
&
#- a=. Bre>uency 4able
F Coo?s ;x= F Coys . Bre>uency ;y=
' &
$ /
& $)
* (
+ *
b= 4otal Coys .
f . ;& @ / @ $) @ ( @ *= . */
c= 9odal F Coo?s read . & ; most ;$)= boys read this
amount of boo?s=
d= 4otal boo?s read .
f # .
(&') + (/$) + ($)&) + ((*) + (*+) . )/
e= 9ean number of boo?s read
.
4otal boo?s
F boys
.
)/
*/
. &.$
f= 1rob that a boy read * or more boo?s . 1; boo?s G. *=
1; boo?s G.*= .
F boys reading G. * boo?s
4otal Coys
.
(*
*/
.
$$
*/
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A
410km
7:30 14:20 time
6 hrs + 50 min
B
r = 3.5cm
+
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Question - Trans+or#ation
Note from the diagram above that if obHect 1 rotated by
(3'
'
+3'
'
)=$('
'
about the origin in a cloc?wise directionA
it will be mapped unto obHect #.
#/ a.;i=
Brom the diagram shown on the past paperA
C0I is therefore mapped unto B6I by: A cloc?wise rotation of
$('
'
about the origin I.
,o:
*
($(')
: '( # + y) , (# + y)
#/ a.;ii=
Note from the diagram above that if obHect 1 4ranslated by $
unit down and + units to the rightA then this is represented by a
4ranslation 4 . ;+A<$=. which would map 1 onto #.
,o: C0I is mapped unto 6BJ by a translation 4
represented by: 4 . ;+A<$=
/.b
0onstruction details.
$. Draw straight line !K . )cm
&. 0onstruct /'
'
-./ using compass
*. 9easure !L . -.-cm
+. ,et compass to a separation of )cm and with centre
LA construct an arc above K.
-. ,et compass to a separation of -.- cm and with
centre KA construct a second arc to intersect the
first arc. 4he intersection of the two arcs is the
point M.
/. 9easure !M . $'.3cm
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W X
7 cm
5.5 cm
60
0
Z
Y
10.9 cm
-
P

4
1
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# ) a=
#) 0;ii=
0oordinates of intersection . ; +.+A & = and ; < '.+A & =
#) 0;iii=
4he curve and the line intersects at the point where:
#
&
+x=&
so #
&
+x& . ' will give the roots ; <'.+A and +.+=
4he e>uation is therefore: #
&
+x& . ' or
f #=#
&
" +x " &
Question 8
n ,eries ,um Bormula
* $@&@* / $
&
(*)(*+$)
/ $@&@*@+@-@/ &$ $
&
(/)(/+$)
n $@&@*@..........@ n $
&
n n$
n ,eries sum Bormula
* $@&@* / $
&
**$
*
$
*
&
*
*
*
/
&
(
$
&
(*)(*+$)
)
&
n
$
*
&
*
*
*
..@ n
*
[
$
&
( n)( n+$)
]
&
(
$
*
&
*
*
*
...@ (
*
*/
&

$
&
(($

&
$&
$
*
&
*
*
*
..@ $&
*
)(
&

$
&
$& $&$

&
!here : $
*
&
*
*
*
...@ $&
*
.

$
&
$& $&$

&
. )(
&
. /'(+
n.b: the value of -02) shown on the 0K0 website is incorrect
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1 - 1
y = 2
5
2
-2
-1
1
y
x
0
- 3
- 4
! " 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
# 5 0 " 3 "4 " 3 0 5
3 4
2
3
4
5
( 4.4, 2 ( - 0.4, 2
/
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Section II
In&erse &ariation so'
0
$
P
0 =
1
P
; ? is a constant=
finding ?
now: $&.(=
1
-''

? . $&.(-''=/A+''
so if v . +(' P=
/A+''
+('
. $*.*
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
b=
Bor a right angle triangle h
&
=#
&
y
&
.. ; 1ythgoras theorem=
so if h=a$ A #=a A y=a)

a$
&
=a
&
a)
&

a
&
&a$=a
&
a
&
$+a+3

' = a
&
" $/a +(

' = a+ a$&

a . +A or a . $&
since y must not be negativeA we will choose a . $&
the result is shown in the diagram.
Question ./0 Iinear programming
Iet x represents the F balls and
y represents the F bats :
!here:
$. #y *' ; no more than *' items=
&. /x&+y */' ; budget is 2*/'
4he Jraphs of these two ine>uations are shown below:
n!
watch video Iesson$: graphing linear ine>uations:
watch video Iesson&: solving a linear program
1rofit is 2$ per ball and 2* per bat
Jiven 1rofit: 1 . x @ * y
4he profit depends on which option ; vertex= is used
4he following are the choices ;options=:
Nertex F Calls ;x= F Cats ;y= 1 .x @*y
$ ' $- 2+-
& &' $' 2-'
* *' ' 2*'
Nertex & ; &' Calls and $' Cats= gives the maximum profit of
2-'A
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)
x = 12
! = 13
y = 5
10 20 30 40
5
50 "0
(20, 10) Max profit = $50
B#$%
0 &#ll
10
15
20
30
25
(30, 0)
(0, 15)
x + y = 30
6x + 24y = 360
y' = 0
x' = 0
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Q // 0eo#etr1 2 Tri%
Please see the past paper for the actual drawing:
4he drawings shown below are general drawings use to
explain the theorems.
4heorem$.
Angle at the center . twice angle at the circumference
i.e .O2 =&./2
so .O2 =& (-')=$''
'
#$$ a;ii=
4riangle O!M is isocesles soA base angles are e>ual

O.2 . O2. . P$('$'' .

+'
'
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
#$$ b=
,ince the bearing 0 from C is $3'
'
4hen )'(+$3'
'
. &)'
'
so: )'(=('
'

"in3in% AC'
Qse the cosine rule since we ?now & sides @ included angle
Now AC . c . $&-mR C0 . a . )-m R )'(=('
'
so b
&
=a
&
c
&
&ac.0osC
b
&
=$&-
&
)-
&
&$&-)- (os34
b . $*+.$m . A0
"in3in% 4earin% C +ro# A
Cearing 0 from A . 3'
'
+#
'
using the sine rule:

sin #
'
)-
=
sin ('
'
$*+.$
sin x .
)-
$*+.$
sin34 .'.-+3$+
x . sin
$
'.-+3$+ . **.+
'
therefore Cearing 0 from A . 3'**.+=$&*.+
'
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(
X
Y
W
50
$
(
100
$
Y
W
( 100
$
40
$
40
$
)
1%0
$
B A
C
)
125m
75m
&0
$
134.1 m
)
1%0
$
B A
C
)
125m
75m
&0
$
134.1 m
%0
$
!
$
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#$&. Angle of Elevation
Now tan -
'
=
&.-
)'

so: AC .
&.-
%an5
'
. &(.-(m

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Now tan &'
'
=
(6
&(.-(

so 0E . &(.-( %an74 . $'.+
and C0 . CE @ 0E . &.-$'.+ . $&.3m
/5 6ectors 2 #atrices
;i=
;ii="in3in%

)(
4o find vector : )

(
Imagine that you are at 1oint A A and you need to get to
point C.
Mou will need to first travel from A to 47 and then from
4 to C Note the direction of the arrows:
,o : )

( . )

' @ '

(
Cut we ?now that :

)' . &x
and '

( . *y
so: )

(=&x+*y
)

(=&( # +$.-y)
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2.5
5
5
*
A B 28.58
20
2.5
B
+
,
28.58
10.4
12.9m
3
B
A
,
-
.
A
B
,
)

'
'

(
)

(
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"in3in% P

8
4o get from P to Q we must first go from 1 to C and then
from C to #
,o ' P

8=P

''

8
but

P' .
$
&

)' .
$
&
(&x) . #
and

'8 .
$
&

'( .
$
&
(*y) . $.-y
P

8=#$.- y
;iii= Now recall that :
)

( . &( #+$- y)
. & P

8
so: P

8 .
$
&
)

(
$*.b
To +in3

*% '
4he three position vectors O

$ A O

* vector triangle
e>uation is:
Now the vector *

% is the vector from 1oint : to point4

,o if you once again imagine that you are at : and need to
get to 4A you must first go from : to O A anf then from
O to 4
so: *

% =*

O+O

%
Now recall that *

O . O

*
4his simply means that going from 8 to 9 is the reverse of
going from 9 to 8
so given O

* .

*
+

A and O

% .

-
&

O .
(
*
+
)
hence

*% . *

O @ O

*% .
(
*
+
)
@

-
&

&
/

To +in3

$* ' Consi3er Trian%le 9S8

,imilarlyA to get from S to 8A we first go from S to 9 and
then 9 to 8
so: $

* . $

O @ O

*
but O

$ .

$
/

$

O . O

$ .
(
$
/
)
; re&erse t$e si%ns=
so : $

* .
(
$
/
)
@

*
+

+
&

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$'
B
A
,

)(
-
.
!
!
1'5 #
1'5 #

P8
O

$
O

*
O

%
(
/( -1, "
0( 5, - 2
1( 3, 4
*

%
$

*
O

$
O

*
O

%
(
/( -1, "
0( 5, - 2
1( 3, 4
cxcDirect Institute
n.b: 4he value of
(
+
&
)
shown on the official 0K0 website is
;incorrect=
/5! ii :a; Position 6ector

O,
To +in3 ' O

, we can go from 9 to 8 A then from 8 to "

so: O

, . O

* @ *

,

Cut *

, . ,

% .
$
&
*

%
so

O, . O

* @
$
&
*

%
.

*
+

@
$
&
(
&
/
)
.

*
+

@
(
$
*
)
so: O

, .

+
$

b= 4he coordinates of point B are found directly from the

position vectorA . ;+A $=
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$$
O

$ O

*
O

%
(
/( -1, "
0( 5, - 2
1( 3, 4
2 ( 4, 1
O

,
*

,
,

%
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/) Matrices
if AC . 0

)
(& $)
'
(
$ #
y &
)
(
. (- /)

& @ y . -
and &x 7 & . /
y=* A and #=+
9atrix is singular if the determinant . '
Det of

& $
$ *

. / @$ . )
4herefore matrix is not ,ingular.
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Inverse of matrix is

& $
$ *

$
. $D)

* $
$ &

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
matrix times its inverse is:
$D)

* $
$ &

& $
$ *

. $D)

/$ **
&& $/

. $D)

) '
' )

$ '
' $

. Identity 9atrix ;I=

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
4he E>uation is shown below in 9atrix form:

& $
$ *

#
y

.

'
)

& $
$ *

'
)

=

#
y

Inverse was found above as: $D)

* $
$ &

$D)

* $
$ &

'
)

#
y

x . $D) ;' @ )= . $

y . $D) ; ' @ $+= . &

x . $A and y . &
Note :
Additional 1ast 1aper 4ype practice >uestions and answers
are available in our: Nectors and 9atrices 1ractice
!O:SCOOS for 0,E0 students:
Available for i##e3iate 3o,nloa3 at www.cxcDirect.org
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$&