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-hat is" chi8s'uare is the sum of the s'uared difference between obsered !o$ and e.pected !e$ data !or
the deiation" d$" diided by the e.pected data in all possible categories.
;or e.ample" suppose that a cross between two pea plants
yields a population of 77D plants" )3E with green seeds and
2%1 with yellow seeds. Cou are asked to propose the
genotypes of the parents. Cour hypothesis is that the allele for
green is dominant to the allele for yellow and that the parent
plants were both hetero#ygous for this trait. ,f your
hypothesis is true" then the predicted ratio of offspring from
this cross would be 3:1 !based on 0endel@s laws$ as predicted
from the results of the &unnett s'uare !;igure 3.1$. -o
calculate
2
" first determine the number e.pected in each
category. ,f the ratio is 3:1 and the total number of obsered
indiiduals is 77D" then the e.pected numerical alues should
be ))D green and 22D yellow.
5i+ure #/l/