!

"#$%$ '(%)

Author Info
Up to three names,
write them all; 4+,
write first name et
al. (i.e., Smith et al.)
Source Type
(popular, scholarly,
trade, government)
Categorical
Does doping in
sports exist?
Definitional
Is X a Y?
Causal
Does X cause Y?
Is Y a result of X?
Evaluation
Is it good or bad?
Fair or unfair?
Harmful or
beneficial?
Action
What should be
done about X?
Jurisdiction
Who is responsible?
1. April Ashby
is a Marquette
University Law
School student
Marquette
University Law
School- faculty
blog
Yes-
Ask anyone
with a decent
knowledge of
sports and
current events,
and they will
tell you: doping
in sport is a
problem

The use of
steroids can
have serious
health
repercussions,
including
affected liver,
endocrine, and
reproductive
function,
tumors of the
liver and
kidneys, heart
conditions, and
psychiatric
symptoms.
Bad/Harmful:
doping threatens
the health of
athletes

Unfair:
doping affects
the integrity of
sport
Doping, least
of all in the
form of
anabolic
steroids, has
no place in
sports
amateur or
professional

American
professional
sports leagues
should be
looking at
ways to model
the WADA
code in its
own anti-
doping
policies (like
the United
States Anti-
Doping
Agency is
doing), not
seeking ways
to excuse
steroid use or
compromise
anti-doping
efforts
- Professional
sports leagues

- Athletes
(amateur and
professional)
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2. Radley Balko,
senior writer and
investigative
reporter for The
Huffington Post
Debate video
sponsored by
Intelligence
Squared
Teen steroid
use is not an
effect of
athletes using
steroids.
Steroid use
increased in the
1990s and has
since dropped
slightly or
leveled off.
This matches
the trends of
other drugs as
well.

Teen steroid
use is a result
of body-image
and self-esteem
issues, not
sports.
Fair:
Any world-class
athlete subjects
his body to things
that it isnt
designed to
endure. (jockeys
use diuretics,
intentional eating
disorders etc.)

Legalizing it
would be safer
because it would
eliminate the
black market. As
weve seen with
alcohol,
prohibitions dont
work.

Fair: Sports is
about exploring
and testing the
limits of human
potential

We should be
free and have
the option to
do what we
want. Let
there be sports
leagues with
PEDs banned,
and sports
leagues where
athletes can
have the
choice to
balance their
health and
career.

3. David Baron,
David Marin,
and Samir
Magd,
professors and
members of the
World
Psychiatric
Association
World
Psychiatry
article
Anabolic
steroids are
naturally
occurring male
hormones
involved in a
wide range of
physiological
functions. they
fall into two
Human
growth
hormones, can
lead to life-
threatening
conditions such
as
cardiovascular
disease and
abnormal bone
Most
importantly
pro athletes
must serve as
role models
and
spokesmen for
drug-free sport
and lifestyle

!"#$%$ '(%)

categories:
endogenous or
naturally
occurring

HGH is a
natural
hormone
produced by
the anterior
pituitary gland
and is one of
the major
hormones
influencing
growth and
development

EPO is a
natural
hormone
produced by
the kidney that
stimulates red
blood cell
production in
response to low
circulating
oxygen levels.
growth

Serious side
effects of
steroid use
include kidney
tumors, and
liver function
abnormalities.
4. Luther
Campbell is a
rapper, record
label owner,
actor, and
columnist for
the Miami New
Times
Miami New
Times- article
Good: By
banning some
PEDs in
professional
sports, officials
are just creating a
black market
where pushers
PEDs should
be legalized in
sports


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like Bosch can
make millions of
dollars

Harmful: These
athletes are being
told they can't
use substances
that you and I can
use legally for
our health

Fair: Using
PEDs is no
different from a
Miami Heat team
doctor sticking a
cortisone shot
into Dwyane
Wade's knee
before the fourth
quarter so he can
get back on the
court
5. Leon Creaney
and Anna
Vondy, hospital
physicians
British Medical
Journal-
scholarly
journal
If performance
enhancing
drugs were no
longer
prohibited in
sport, then
being a talented
sportsperson
would rapidly
become a
dangerous
occupation
Harmful-
Athletes who
wanted to live a
healthy existence
would be pushed
out altogether.
Soon, the only
competition that
would matter
would be the one
to develop the
most powerful
drugs, and
No instead If
a first
offence led
to a lifetime
ban, the risks
involved
would
become
much
greater, such
that fewer
people would

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athletic
opponents would
enter into an
exchange of ever
escalating doses
to stay ahead of
each other
take the
gamble of
getting
caught in the
first place.
Author Info
Up to three names,
write them all; 4+,
write first name et
al. (i.e., Smith et al.)
Source Type
(popular, scholarly,
trade, government)
Categorical
Does X exist?
Definitional
Is X a Y?
Causal
Does X cause Y?
Is Y a result of X?
Evaluation
Is it good or bad?
Fair or unfair?
Harmful or
beneficial?
Action
What should be
done about X?
Jurisdiction
Who is responsible?
6. Paul
Daugherty,
columnist for
The Cincinnati
Inquiry
Sports
Illustrated
article, popular
Sports arent fair
in general. Since
theres no salary
cap, some
baseball teams
have an
advantage over
the other.

PEDs are
harmful? So
what. Cigarettes
are harmful to
health and
legalized in
sports

Athletes arent
role models and
shouldnt be
blamed for kids
actions. Parents
should instead do
their job.

Educate the
users and then
let them
decide.
The World
Anti-Doping
Agency and
similar
organizations
have direct
control over
testing and
enforcement of
PEDs.
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7. Nicholas
Dixon, chair and
Dykstra
Professor of
Philosophy at
Alma College
Journal of
Social
Philosophy
PEDs limit the
role of personal
athletic
excellence.
Instead the
drugs
determine who
does well.

Legalizing
PEDs would
deter good
athletes from
participating in
the highest
levels of sports.
Since the talent
level will be
poorer the sport
will be poorer.

Legalizing
PEDs would
result in a loss
of interest in
sports

Unfair: Athletes
who risk their
health by taking
PEDs will do
anything to win.
If we allowed this
then whos there
to stop cheating
and violence.

8. Bennett
Foddy is a
senior research
fellow in the
Oxford Martin
Schools
Institute for
Science and
Ethics.

The Age-
article
Yes-
The reality is
that many
athletes now
compete on a
drug
cocktail.
Erythropoitei
n (EPO)-
natural
hormone that
stimulates red
blood cell
production

Haematocrit
(HCT) the
Rather than
fearing drugs
in sport, we
should
embrace
them.
Performance
enhancement
is not against
the spirit of

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Julian
Savulescu is a
bioethicist and
editor of the
Journal of
Medical Ethics


percentage of
the blood
comprised by
red blood
cells
sport; it is the
spirit of
sport. To
choose to be
better is to be
human.

We should
permit drugs
that are safe,
and continue
to ban and
monitor
drugs that
are unsafe.
Taking EPOs
up to the safe
level, say 50
per cent, is
not a
problem.
This allows
athletes to
correct for
natural
inequality.
9. John Gleaves,
co-director of
International
Network of
Humanistic
Doping
Research.
Assistant
professor of
kinesiology at
the California
Sport, Ethics,
and
Philosophy-
academic
Allowing PED
use could
eventually
change a sport
completely. For
example in
baseball, the
sport could
eventually turn
into a game of
technique and
Athletes who use
PEDs only value
the end result and
do not care about
the journey to
success.
WADA cites
harm to the
athlete as its
primary
justification for
the prohibition
of
pharmaceutical
performance
enhancers
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State University
Fullerton.
strength, to a
home-run
derby.

Allowing PEDs
would harm the
sports
continuity.
Comparing
records is part
of a sports
culture and
PED use would
make this
impossible.

Allowing PEDs
would force us
to eventually
adjust to the
improved skills
and replace the
playing
grounds.
People find
meaning in
historic parks
like
Wimbledon
and Fenway
Park so this
would be bad.

If PEDs were
allowed, sports
would become
less

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challenging,
and therefore
less desirable to
play.
10. Caroline K.
Hatton, lab
associate
director for
UCLA Olympic
Lab for over a
decade.
Christian
Science
Monitor
Unfair: Violates
spirit of sport

Harmful: When
doping was legal,
doped athletes
dropped dead in
the public eye.

Unfair: The
temptation to use
drugs in sports
reflects the larger
temptation to cut
corners in life
If we value
respect for
rules, others,
laws etc. then
we should
value the rules
of sports.

Using PEDs is
not respecting
yourself
because you
turn your body
from healthy
to artificial.

In order to
keep doping
out of sports
we need to
Make it clear
that winning
in life is more
important than
winning a
gold medal

We should
prepare
athletes to be
Worldwide
sports
authorities and
law
enforcement
agencies have
been teaming
up. These
changes, which
seemed
unimaginable
decades ago,
are helping
restore integrity
to athletics
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contributing
members of
society when
their sports
careers end,
while
rewarding
athletes who
are role
models of
health and
fitness
11. Bengt
Kayser and
Alexandre
Mauron,
professors at
university of
Geneva,
Switzerland and
faculty of
medicine
Andy Miah
reader and
attendant of
University of
Paisley
BioMed
Central-
Academic
Journal
With PEDs
banned
physicians
sometimes
cant provide
the best
treatment for
athletes.
Fair: We
suggest that, from
the perspective of
equality,
supervised
doping practice is
likely to provide
the greater
prospect of
ensuring equality
of competition.
On such a
system,
competition
results would be
based on some
system of merit,
rather than the
undeserved
inequalities
arising from, say,
genetic
capacities.
Beneficial:
Theu believe that
Rather than
striving for
eradication of
doping in
sports, which
appears to be
an
unattainable
goal, a more
pragmatic
approach
aimed at
controlled use
and harm
reduction may
be a viable
alternative to
cope with
doping and
doping-like
behavior

With the
inception of the
World Anti-
Doping Agency
(WADA), anti-
doping effort
has been
considerably
intensified.
Resources
invested in
anti-doping are
rising steeply
and
increasingly
involve public
funding. Most
of the effort
concerns elite
athletes with
much less
impact on
amateur sports
and the general
public
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allowing
medically
supervised
doping rather
than absolute
bans would
provide a sounder
foundation for
sports physicians
to exercise their
responsibility and
maintain their
health care
obligations.
12. Chuck
Klosterman
writer for New
York Times
New York
Times- Article
Fair: The
argument against
performance-
enhancing drugs
in sports is that
the drugs give
players an unfair
advantage. But
how do P.E.D.s
differ from
Tommy John
surgery? Or pre-
emptive Tommy
John surgery?
What about rich
kids? Is their
access to superior
coaching,
facilities and
equipment a
similarly unfair
advantage?

PEDs are
forbidden
because thats
what our
fabricated
rules currently
dictate. In real
life, thats a
terrible,
tautological
argument. But
in sports,
arbitrary rules
are necessary.
The rules are
absolutely
everything, so
the rules are
enough

!"#$%$ '(%)

Unethical There
is, however, an
ethical argument.
Three strikes
constitute an out;
four balls
constitute a walk.
In order for
baseball to have
structural
integrity, we all
have to agree that
this is the system
were using. By
standardizing and
enforcing its
laws, including
the ones that
dont necessarily
make sense.

collision sports
are more
dangerous than
the illegal drugs
used within
them

13. Richard
Pound, former
president of the
World Anti-
Doping Agency
(WADA)
Inside Dope -
book
Factors that
determine if a
drug is banned
are
1. If the
substance has
the potential to
enhance sport
performance
Harmful:
Legalizing PEDs
would force
future athletes
into a downward
cycle of the
lowest
denominator,
solely because
1. Accept that
there is a
problem.
2. Identify the
magnitude of
the problem
3. Learn why
athletes dope
4. Educate
WADAs role
is to monitor
compliance the
code and report
regularly. The
power to act
rests upon
sports leagues
and
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2. If the
substance can
cause a health
risk
3. If it violates
the spirit of
sport
there are some
who are willing
to cheat despite
the health risks
that follow.
everybody
5. Ensure that
rules are
followed
6. Eliminate
cheaters
7. Research
8. Find
International
Solutions
9. Seek
Partners to
help fight
against doping
10. Never give
up
organization,
WADA does
not have the
jurisdiction to
do that.

For doping
offenses,
athletes are
often less to
blame than
coaches,
doctors, and
others around
them.
14. Chris Smith,
covers business
of sports for
Forbes
Forbes- popular
article
Yes-Steroids,
doping and
other illicit
performance
enhancing
drugs and
treatments have
become the
biggest scourge
of professional
sports leagues
No- Athletes
are going to
take steroids
and turn to
doping
regardless of
the rules
Good/Fair/
Beneficial:

So if we really
want to level the
playing field, it
may be time to
head in the other
direction: legalize
performance
enhancers

It also makes
sense for
professional
sports to allow
steroids from a
business
standpoint

Legalizing
Steroids,
doping and
other illicit
performance
enhancing
drugs and
treatments
have become
the biggest
scourge of
professional
sports leagues,
and thats why
it may be time
they were
made legal
Various
professional
sports leagues
have attempted
to set a level
playing field by
testing for drug
use and
suspending
those found
guilty


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PEDs would
make life much
easier for
professional
sports
organizations

15. Author not
specified
Nature
(International
Weekly Journal
of Science)
Fair:
Allowing PEDs
wouldnt rob the
sport of its
drama, nor
athletes of their
need for skill,
training,
character, and
dedication.

Beneficial:
Athletes
sometimes harm
themselves
training and may
harm themselves
less with drugs
when doctors are
openly involved.
Adults should
be allowed to
take risks and
as
pharmacologic
al
enhancement
becomes every
day, then
maybe the
rules should
evolve too,
allowing
athletes to
take risks on
their body.
The Tour de
France could
pave the way
by being the
first to allow
PEDs. They
have nothing to
lose and the
most to gain
since several
tour de France
winners have
been caught
using PEDs.