NELSON MANDELA'S SHORT BIOGRAPHY

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNSxCMIU09g#t=3
Your Listening TASK: Listen to the video and w!"te the dates corresponding to the
various events or $"%% "& the b%a&'( with the missing information.
Mandela's birth in a South African village.
He was the first in his family to attend school. He was a talented
student.
He was expelled from university for his involvement in a boycott
against the institution.
He was expected to become chief of his tribe lie his father! but
instead he chose to study law.
"#t is absolutely important that you have the nowledge to save
your country and your people"
He $oined the African %ational &ongress! a left'wing
political party advocating e(ual rights and freedom.
)ithin the party! he was member of a group called
the A%& *outh +eague. ,hey used grassroots
methods to get their point across: boycotts! stries
and general civil disobedience.
,he white %ational -arty was elected to government
and instituted a legal system of racial segregation:
the apartheid.
,he A.%.&.*.+. continued non'violent protest against
racist policies. .or example:
/efiance &ampaign
&ongress of the -eople
At that time! Mandela was also a lawyer for mistreated blac
South Africans: it was the first South African blac law practice.
Mandela (uicly became an enemy of the government and was
targeted whenever possible.
He and about 0000000 protesters were
arrested on a suspicion of treason. After a long trial!
they were ac(uitted.
&reation of the -an Africanist &ongress by a group
of militant Africans because peaceful approach was
not woring.
Mandela changed his position and proposed that
armed conflict was the only way to end apartheid
rule. He helped found a military group within the
A%& called 1mhonto we Si2we! which speciali2ed
in sabotage and guerilla warfare.
Mandela was arrested for a strie organi2ed the
previous year. He was sentenced to 00.. years in
prison! but ended up spending his next 0000
years in $ail.
He was also charged with sabotage! treason and
violent conspiracy during the infamous 3ivonia trial.
He was sentenced to life in prison and barely
escaped the death penalty.
His first years were spent in a prison on 3obben
#sland.
He was transferred.
He was treated poorly as a blac prisoner.
He earned a 4achelor of +aw's degree through a
correspondence programme.
/uring this time! his profile grew! he became an
international symbol of anti'apartheid resistance.
Several times! the government offered him his
freedom in exchange for the abandonment of his
beliefs. 5ach time! he refused.
He was released by the new president. He was
00000. .
Mandela became president of the A%& and helped negotiate the
end of apartheid laws.
,he -opulation 3egistration Act was repealed: racial
groups were no longer legally separated. ,his
mared the beginning of the end of apartheid rule.
.irst democratic elections. A%&: 00000 6 of
the vote.
Mandela was sworn in as the $"!(t b%ac' p!e(")e&t o$
South *$!"ca.
He spent his term rebuilding the economy and
uniting the country.
He used the country's national rugby team as a
rallying point for all citi2ens and as a way to bring
the country onto the world stage in a positive light.
His term ended. He retired from active politics.
He left public life.
He convened a group of world leaders called ",he
5lders" with figures lie /esmond ,utu! 7immy
&arter and 8ofi Annan. ,hey aimed to resolve world
problems lie poverty! A#/S and climate change.
He was awarded the %obel -eace -ri2e.
Ne%(o& Ma&)e%a )"e) o& + ,ecembe! -0.3.