3. What is meant by in-group and out-group? How is in-group connected to primary group?

How is out group connected to secondary group? An in-group is any group or category to which people feel like they belong whereas an out-group is a group or category to which people feel like they do not belong. Primary group is a small group characterized by face to face and intimate associations and cooperation. Secondary group is an impersonal and formal group with little social intimacy and mutual understanding. Consequently, being in a primary group would lead to an in-group because people with a lot of intimate associations would feel like they belong in the group and vice versa with an in-group leading to primary group because feeling like they belong will lead to more face to face interactions. Likewise, being in a secondary group would lead to an out-group because people with impersonal and litter social intimacy would make them feel like they do not belong and vice versa with being in an out-group would like to secondary group because feeling like they do not belong would result in not being close and not having social intimacy and mutual understanding. (Ruo Han Ou-Yang) 4. What are the five functional prerequisites that a society must satisfy if it is to survive? Describe the differences between organic and mechanical solidarity. The five functional prerequisites that a society must satisfy are: 1. replacing personnel any group or society must replace personnel when they die, leave or become incapacitated 2. teaching new recruits the group must encourage recruits to learn and accept its values and customs. 3. producing and distributing goods and services any relatively permanent group or society must provide and distribute desired goods and services for its members. 4. preserving order a critical function of every group or society is: preserving order and protecting itself from attack. 5. providing and maintaining a sense of purpose people must feel motivated to continue as members of a society in order to fulfill the previous four requirements.

Mechanical solidarity is when a society has no division of labor and has no individuality: everyone looks , acts, and has the same type of work. Where the collective conscience overrides individuality and social cohesion is based on shared experiences, knowledge and skills. Organic Solidarity, on the other hand, is when society has complex divisions of labor: people have different individual duties, roles, and specializations. They are linked to society by their mutual

interdependence on others with the division of labor and individual consciousness overrides collective consciousness. (Ruo Han Ou-Yang)