You are on page 1of 68

Supplemental Information & Letters of Support

For A Resolution to Divest from Companies Profiting from Violations of International Law and Human Rights

ASUW 2014

Updated May 1, 2014

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

In the spirit of transparency, ethical investment, a belief in human rights and the power and responsibility of students and educational institutions to affect real change, students of conscience present this resolution.
This information booklet is designed to accompany the Resolution R-20-39, submitted to the Associated Students of the University of Washington in April 2014. Compiled by SUPER UW. www.superuw.org

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Table of Contents
History of Social Responsibility .................................. 4 Our Divestment Criteria .............................................. 5 Companies Recommended for Divestment ................ 6
Caterpillar, Northrop Grumman, Hewlett Packard, Motorola Solutions, G4S, Elbit Systems, Veolia Environnement

Letters of Support and Endorsements........................ 10


Including Local, National, and International Support, and Endorsements of Divestment by Public Figures

Petition in Support of Ethical Divestment ................... 62


As of May 1, 2014: 536 signatures of UW faculty, students, and community members in support of Resolution R-20-39

Resolution .................................................................. 63
Registered Student Organizations at the University of Washington that endorse Resolution R-20-39: - D.A.S.A. (Disability Advocacy Students Alliance) - Disorientation UW - ISO (International Socialist Organization) - MEChA (Movimiento Estudiantil Chican@ de Aztlan) - 3WF (Third Wave Feminists) - Solidarity with UW Custodians - UW Black Student Union - USAS (United Students Against Sweatshops) - SSA (Somali Student Association)

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

History of Social Responsibility


The Resolution to Divest From Companies Profiting From Violations of International Law and Human Rights aligns with the University of Washingtons tradition and vision of social responsibility.

The University of Washingtons vision states:


We are compassionate and committed to the active pursuit of global engagement and connectedness We embrace our role to foster engaged and responsible citizenship as part of the learning experience of our students, faculty and staff.

The University of Washington takes pride in a history of student activism against injustice, including divesting from South African Apartheid and genocide in Sudan. The Associated Students of the University of Washington passed resolution R-18-19 stating:
THAT, the ASUW solely supports the investment of university money in firms that are socially responsible; and THAT, the ASUW take steps to create a position or committee that will work with the UW Treasury office to make recommendations on socially responsible investment activity.
ASUW Resolution R-18-19, 2012 http://depts.washington.edu/asuwsen/aero/legislations/view/656

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Our Divestment Criteria


In the past many have worried about divestment unlawfully interfering with the discretionary powers of fund trustees to manage the investments in their care. While of course it is possible to draft a resolution urging for divestment in terms that would interfere with the discretionary authority of fund trustees, this resolution very clearly does not make this mistake. This resolution expressly asks that fund trustees be instructed to divest from targeted companies "within the bounds of their fiduciary duties." This means divestment happens in feasible ways, on time frames that allow the stable transfer of funds to socially responsible investment options that will yield an equivalent amount of returns to the institution. Divestment and socially responsible investment does not stand in the way of university profits and the ability of our institution to provide for its students and staff. Avenues of university social justice are not mutually exclusive student scholarships are not sacrificed when the UW has a more ethical investment strategy for its endowment.
UW students have already begun to meet with the UW Treasury Department about these issues.

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Companies for Divestment


The University of Washington currently has investments in companies that provide equipment or services used to directly maintain, support, or profit from the Israeli occupation of Palestinian land, including a) b) the demolition of Palestinian homes and the development of illegal Israeli settlements; the building or maintenance of the Separation wall, outposts, and segregated roads and transportation systems on occupied Palestinian territory, and illegal use of weaponry and surveillance technology by the Israeli military against Palestinian civilian populations.

c)

The following illustrative and non-exhaustive list of companies are knowingly and directly complicit in ongoing human rights violations:

Caterpillar knowingly sells bulldozers specifically designed for the Israeli Army that are armored and weaponized by the companys sole representative in Israel and are systematically used in the demolition of Palestinian
Caterpillar has supplied the IDF with bulldozers used for home demolitions since 1967. Caterpillar has sold D9 bulldozers to the IDF knowing they would be used to unlawfully demolish homes and endanger civilians in the OPT. Caterpillar continued to sell D9s directly to the IDF even though it knew that the bulldozers were being used to commit war crimes and other serious violations of law. Caterpillar has had constructive notice of the human rights violations committed with its bulldozers since at least 1989, when human rights groups began publicly condemning the violations. In May 2004, the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights sent a letter to Caterpillar corporations CEO in the United States warning that the bulldozers which the manufacturer sells to the Israel Defense Forces are used for acts that may be deemed human rights violations and that their deliver to the Israeli government with knowledge that they were being used for illegal demolition might involve complicity or acceptance on the part of [the] company to actual and potential violations of human rights, including the right to food.* *Razing Rafah. Human Rights Watch. October 17, 2004. http://www.hrw.org/en/node/11963/section/3

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Hewlett Packard owns EDS Israel, which merged into HP and since 2009 is called: "HP Enterprise Services". EDS has provided the Israeli ministry of defense with the development, installation, maintenance and on-going field support of the Basel System. The Basel System is an automated biometric access control system which includes a permit system for Palestinian workers, with hand and facial recognition, installed in checkpoints in the Occupied West Bank and Gaza. The system was financed by the US government following the Wye River Memorandum. HP has provided services and technologies to the Israeli army, among which is the administration of the Israeli navy's IT infrastructure. The Israeli navy enforces the naval blockade on the Gaza Strip since 2007. The IT infrastructure provided by HP to the Israeli navy was used by the Israeli military as a pilot for implementing the same system to the entire army, a virtualization project contract won by HP in 2009. In the same year, HP Global won another contract to supply all computer equipment to the Israeli military. The contract was signed for three years with an option to prolong it for another Technologies of Control: The Case of Hewlett Packard (HP). Who Profits: The two years.
Israeli Occupation Industry. Coalition of Women for Peace, Feb 2010. http:// www.whoprofits.org/HP

From Coaltion of Women for Peace:

Our research has identified four types of activity performed by G4S Israel, which participate in different facets of the Israeli occupation. First, the company has provided security equipment and services to incarceration facilities holding Palestinian prisoners inside Israel and in the occupied West Bank. These are incarceration facilities that hold Palestinian political prisoners in violation of international law and in which torture and systematic violations of human rights occur. Second, the company has provided equipment and maintenance services to Israeli military checkpoints in the West Bank. Some of these checkpoints are inside occupied territory and they are all part of the Separation Wall complex which was deemed illegal by the International Court of Justice. Third, the company offers security systems and security guards to businesses in Israeli West Bank settlements, and are thus supporting these illegal settlements. Finally, the company has also provided security systems for the Israeli police headquarters in the West Bank which is located next to the Ma'ale Adumim settlement.
The case of G4S: Private Security Companies and the Israeli Occupation. Coalition of Women for Peace: The Israeli Occupation Industry. March 2011. http:// www.whoprofits.org/g4s_report

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Elbit Systems is one of two main providers of the electronic detection fence to the seamline and Wall project in the occupied West Bank. Specifically, ES received the contract to the Jerusalem Envelope section of the Wall (Masu'a system) with the US Detekion. Subsidiaries Elbit Electro-Optics (El-Op) and Elbit Security Systems (Ortek) supplied and incorporated LORROS surveillance cameras in the Ariel section and for the A-ram wall. The company supplied UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) to the Israeli army, which are in operational use in during combat in the West Bank and Gaza. The cameras in these UAV are manufactured by Controp Precision Technologies. According to reports, the company developed an armed UGV (Unmanned Ground Vehicle) for patroling the seamline with Controp Precision Technologies and Tomcar.
Elbit Systems. Who Profits? http://www.whoprofits.org/company/elbit-systems

Veolia is a multinational French company operating in the fields of water, waste management, energy and transport services. The company holds full control of Veolia Environnement Israel. Veolia Environnement Israel provides services to the Israeli ministry of Defense. Through its subsidiary - Veolia Transdev, the company has a 5% share in the CityPass consortium, which was contracted to establish and operate the light rail project in Jerusalem. The light rail was designed to connect the city of Jerusalem with the illegal settlements around it. Additionally, Veolia Transdev fully owns Connex Jerusalem, the company which operates the trains. In 2010, Veolia Transdev (then Veolia Transportation) declared it will sell its shares in Citypass to Egged and 80% of the shares in Connex Jerusalem. Yet, as to February 2014 the sale was not executed. Through its subsidiary Veolia Environnement Services Israel (which has bought T.M.M. Integrated Recycling Services), Veolia Environnement owns and operates the Tovlan Landfill in the occupied Jordan Valley. The Waste transferred to Landfill originates from recycle factories from within Israel and from settlements in the West Bank. The company uses captured Palestinian land and natural resources for the needs of Israeli settlements from both side of the green line. The Tovlan landfill is operated by Veolia Environnement Services Israel's subsidiaries TMM and Y.R.A.V Sherutei Noy 1985.
Veolia Environnement. Who Profits? http://www.whoprofits.org/company/

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

To The Associated Students of the University of Washington:

one that University of Washington students can support as well. For 6 years, as a PhD student at UW, I conducted research in the West Bank and Gaza. As my family are Jewish Israelis, I had no small theoretical understanding of the injustices of the Israeli occupation of historical Palestine. Even this preparation, however, in no way lessened the shock of the daily violence and mistreatment that I witnessed. The checkpoints, the wall, the home demolitions, and the arbitrary arrests and incarcerations work together to make Palestinian lives unlivable. These policies are justified through the mobilization of racist stereotypes of Palestinians as terrorists, suicide bombers and enemies of peace. The truth is that the vast majority of Palestinians never engage in violent activities against Israelis, even as their livelihoods, freedoms, and birthrights are stolen by Israeli settlers, the Army, and the Israeli state. I cannot even hope to fully document these abuses in this short space, but I will provide a few points that make clear the gravity of the situation. In villages where I conducted my research, I saw the collapse of entire economies, as Palestinians were deprived of their resources while these were provided at subsidized rates for Israeli settlers. In the Qalqiliyah district, formerly home to greenhouses and agricultural abundance, I saw the results of a military order preventing Palestinians from drilling new wells and maintaining older ones since 1967. As Israelis drew ever more water from the aquifer, Palestinian villages once flush with fresh water were forced to buy water at exorbitant rates from the Israeli

Ron Smith Bucknell University

y name is Ron Smith, I am a professor of International Relations at Bucknell University, and I received my PhD from the University of Washington in December of 2010. I am writing in reference to the new resolution being considered by the ASUW. As a graduate student at UW, I conducted my research in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and I worked in numerous Seattle and campus initiatives for social change. It gives me great pride to learn that ASUW is considering a divestment resolution, and I would like to offer my utmost support for the resolution. I urge all students of conscience to support this resolution with confidence that it is a move in an ethical and moral direction. My interest in the conflict began as a teenager, when I traveled to Israel on a Bnai Brith youth trip. While the trip was designed to foster connections between American Jews and the Israeli state, I saw some of the brutality of the First Intifada first hand. Our group was escorted by armored jeeps, and I saw soldiers attacking young unarmed Palestinians in a refugee camp outside of Jericho. This experience made me question several of the myths that underpin the unflagging support that Israel enjoys in the United States. As an undergraduate student at The Evergreen State College, I was able to piece together the politics and the realities that I saw on the ground. The steps taken by the student body at Evergreen to promote divestment are part of a proud tradition of social justice organizing,

I urge all students of conscience to support this resolution with confidence that it is a move in an ethical and moral direction.

10

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

water company, Mekorot, or worse, pay for tanker trucks to bring minimal supplies of water while neighboring Jewish-only settlements filled swimming pools, maintained manicured lawns, and ran fountains in the mid-summer heat. In my research, I attended a military hearing for 4 children between the ages of 12 and 16. These children are arrested, tried, and incarcerated in a military prison system. They have no access to proper representation, the hearings are conducted in Hebrew while they speak Arabic, and they were sentenced in a manner of minutes to harsh sentences of more than a year a piece for minor infractions that would result in, at worst, a ticket or a warning from police officers in the US, or for Israeli youth accused of the same charges. Israel also maintains a system of administrative detention for adults, wherein Palestinians can be sent to prison for multiple 6-month sentences without charge, without representation, and these sentences can be repeated indefinitely. Many of these detainees dont even know why they are in prison, and the prisons themselves are sites of numerous, grave human rights abuses. In my research, I describe the effects of the apartheid wall and checkpoints across the West Bank as a system of graduated incarceration: meaning that all Palestinians are incarcerated by Israel, but some places are far more dangerous for Palestinians than others. The checkpoints are nothing new, and are sites of focused intense violence for Palestinians on a daily basis. I personally witnessed and documented extreme violence against Palestinian civilians, many of whom were young chil-

dren, at these checkpoints, including acts I would characterize as sadism. In 2009, I saw a young girl, 8 years old, at the Qalandiya checkpoint, her eyes covered with gauze as her father tried to take her to the St John Eye Hospital in Jerusalem. As her father passed through the turnstile that defines much of the experience of Palestinian travel in the West Bank, a soldier with a remote control trapped the young girl inside the turnstile, and taunted her. She was unable to see why she was trapped, and was terrified, crying and calling out for her father. All the while I saw the Israeli soldier pointing at her and laughing, and I saw the father powerless to rescue her until the soldier grew bored with his game. Gaza is often described as an openair prison. With the support of a number of NGOs, including the Rachel Corrie Foundation in Olympia, I have been fortunate to gain access to the besieged Gaza Strip on numerous occasions. Here you see a territory, including some of the most densely populated places on earth: Al-Shati and Jabaliyya Refugee Camps. 1.7 million Palestinians are trapped in Gaza, with no options for growth or development. Young people are desperate to leave the flooding sewers, the poisoned water, the 16-hour daily electrical blackouts and the lack of jobs or opportunities, but are trapped by a wrongheaded and disastrous siege policy put into place by Israel and supported by our own government. At times, there are daily invasions and drone attacks in the strip, and deaths from Israeli snipers are so common that they often go unreported, even in the Arabic press. Gazan lives are rapidly deteriorating.

I personally witnessed and documented extreme violence against Palestinian civilians.

11

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Through all of these violations the governments of the international community either sit idly by, or promote the policies that Israel maintains. World governments, with a few small, but notable exceptions, The wording of the refuse to take any action that could ASUW resolution upset the United States and its spetargets companies cial relationship with Israel. Acadirectly profiting demics who challenge Israel are often the targets of slanderous camfrom the misery paigns attempting to stifle any criand exploitation of tique. This is a direct challenge to the occupation. academic freedom, and the very act of open and prompt debate regarding the resolution is a stand to protect those very freedoms that universities are designed to protect.

iting from the misery and exploitation of the occupation. These companies are prolonging the conflict by their presence and support for the misconceived government policies enacted by Israel against Palestinians. There is a growing grassroots movement across the country and across the world to stand up to the injustices of a state immune from state pressure, and to use nonviolent action to promote a new space of understanding and rapprochement between Israelis and Palestinians. It is absolutely vital that the UW join the right side of history and join students, working people, and people of conscience the world over in their condemnation of companies Communities across the globe are profiting from the occupation. tired of watching their taxes and their diplomatic corps support the ongoing violence. They are taking I am proud to be a UW and TESC stands every year, every week, to graduate, and I feel so privileged to support the nonviolent movement know the family of Rachel Corrie, of Boycott, Divestment, and Sanc- the Evergreen student who died tions. The goals are clear: Israel nonviolently defending Palestinian must abide by international law. The civilians in the Gaza Strip in 2003. means are direct: individuals, com- Her family continues to work tiremunities, and institutions can take a lessly to defend Palestinian rights, stand simply by refusing to support and promote equality and justice in the Israeli occupation by purchasing the Middle East and here at home. products from companies that profit We must support Rachels legacy, from the occupation. These actions and the efforts of her family, and have the full support of Palestinian countless others who demand justice civil society, and even some sectors and accountability for all in the Midof Israeli society have realized that dle East. This resolution is a brilliant BDS represents the best hope for opportunity to send a powerful meschange, and support the boycott sage, that UW students recognize through groups like Boycott from the gravity of the conflict, but also Within, and the Shministim, High the possibilities that grassroots School students who have publicly movements like BDS provide. refused to join the military (60 students have publicly refused this year Sincerely, alone, citing the human rights violations of the Israeli military). Ron J Smith
Assistant Professor

The wording of the ASUW resolu- Department of International tion targets companies directly prof- Relations

12

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Support Letter from Allen Hines of CISPES, Seattle


Dear senators,

S
By moving away from investments that further the occupation of Palestinian land, the university would be taking a principled stand for international human rights.

eattle CISPES believes in human rights and self-determination of peoples across the world. We take inspiration from international solidarity organizing that has contributed to various struggles for economic and social justice. The rich history of campus solidarity organizing proves the power students have in confronting injustice, as in the fight against apartheid in South Africa. We encourage UW students to again stand for justice and support this resolution.

The resolution lays out several reasons why divestment is the right action for the university to take as an institution. By moving away from investments that further the occupation of Palestinian land, the university would be taking a principled stand for international human rights. Divestment serves as a concrete pressure tactic to oppose ongoing settlement expansion and strategic division of the occupied territories to benefit the Israeli state at the detriment of the Palestinian people. This is an opportunity for the University of Washington to join with other US college campuses in divesting from injustice.

Sincerely,

Allen Hines

Coordinator of Seattle CISPES

13

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Letter from Stefanie Fox, MPH


April 16, 2014

School of Public Health Class of 07 Co-Director of Organizing, Jewish Voice for Peace
s a UW alum and Jewish Seattleite I am deeply concerned that UW may be investing in companies that prot from Israels occupation. Some of these companies provide weapons and covert surveillance supplies that maintain the occupation by force. Others enable Israeli military and settlers to take or exploit Palestinian resources, including scarce water and even the land itself. All prot from Israels violations of international law and international human rights standards. I am proud that UW offers not only first -rate academics, but also, in the UW Statement of Values, sees the work of the university as educat[ing] a diverse student body to become responsible global citizens and future leaders. The university is an important site for not just instilling but also enacting those values. Im proud of the legacy UW students have created by using their time on campus to transform the world beyond Red Squarefrom the 1970 UW student strike in protest of the Vietnam War to the UW out of South Africa Committee which fought for and won divestment from Apartheid South Africa in the 1980s. It is in the spirit of this legacy that I support the ASUW resolution to divest from companies profiting from the Israeli Occupation. Student tuition, alumni donations, and Washington State tax dollars should not be contributing to ongoing denials of human rights and violations of international law. I call on ASUW Senators to stand on the right side of history and support divestment today.

To Whom it May Concern:


ntioch Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) strongly supports SUPER UWs divestment resolution. We believe it is morally imperative to divest from companies that profit from the Israeli occupation of Palestine. Divesting from these companies is the responsible and ethical thing to do and will show that UW prioritizes social justice. Divestment aligns the University of Washington with international law and human rights by withholding support for the illegal actions of the government of Israel. These actions include the continuing expansion of Israeli settlements on Palestinian lands; the building of a Separation Wall that annexes Palestinian land under the pretext of security for Israel; and the ongoing blockade of Gaza, which has resulted in lack of food, medicine, and other basic necessities for people living in the Gaza Strip, just to name a few. Divesting is a step toward a vision of socially responsible investing setting an

Student tuition, alumni donations, and Washington State tax dollars should not be contributing to ongoing denials of human rights

example to the students and other stakeholders of the University of Washington.

Sincerely, Beverly Stuart

Antioch SJP

Stefanie Fox

14

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Support Letter from Aaron Dixon,


Author of My People Are Rising: Memoir of Black Panther Party Captain. Participant of the African Heritage Delegation to Israel-Palestine, 2012

sraels occupation of Palestine is the most bizarre and barbaric land grab and control of people in the history of colonialism. The BDS movement is a peaceful means for educational institutions to respond to Israels violence that governments and corporations would rather profit from. I urge ASUW to behave as people of conscience and pass this resolution to divest from complicit companies, starting with Caterpillar. Be remembered for your wisdom, courage and compassion.
Aaron Dixon

The BDS movement is a peaceful means for educational institutions to respond to Israels violence.

To whom it may concern,

e at Students United for Palestinian Equal Rights (SUPER) here in Portland, Oregon are writing to offer our support for UW's divestment resolution. Many of our members have been directly affected by the ongoing occupation of the West Bank, Gaza Strip and historic Palestine including ongoing struggles to keep citizenship in East Jerusalem.

Many of our members have been directly affected by the ongoing occupation of the West Bank, Gaza Strip and historic Palestine including ongoing struggles to keep citizenship in East Jerusalem.

We fully support SUPER UW in your efforts and hope that the student body considers the entire weight of the matter. We recognize solidarity with our brothers and sisters on the US-Mexico border, our indigenous brothers and sisters in North America and our brothers and sisters across the world continuing to struggle against racism and settler colonialism.
super.info.pdx@gmail.com

Sincerely, Students United for Palestinian Equal Rights @ Portland State University

15

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Alumni Support
for ASUW Divestment
e are University of Washington alumni who are deeply concerned that UW is likely investing in companies that prot from Israels occupation of the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem. Some of these companies provide weapons and covert surveillance supplies that maintain the occupation by force. Others enable Israeli military and settlers to take or exploit Palestinian resources, including scarce water and even the land itself. All prot from Israels violations of international law and international human rights standards. As graduates of University of Washington, we are proud that UW offers first-rate academics, and also, as stated in the UW Statement of Values, sees the work of the university as educat[ing] a diverse student body to become responsible global citizens and future leaders. The university is an important site for not just instilling but also enacting those values. We are proud of the legacy UW students have created by using their time on campus to transform the world beyond Red Squarefrom the 1970 UW student strike in protest of the Vietnam War to the UW out of South Africa Committee which fought for and won divestment from Apartheid South Africa in the 1980s.
(Continued on next page)

We are University of Washington alumni who are deeply concerned that UW is likely investing in companies that prot from Israels occupation of the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem.

16

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

(Continued from previous page)

Susan Koppelman, MSW '05, IDCP '05


It is in the spirit of this legacy, that we wholeheartedly support the UW Student Senate resolution to divest from companies profiting from the Israeli Occupation. Divestment is a timehonored nonviolent tactic used in social justice movements throughout the world. Student tuition, alumni donations, and Washington State tax dollars should not be contributing to ongoing denials of human rights and violations of international law. We call on ASUW Senators to stand on the right side of history and support divestment today.

Naomi Goldenson, Class of 2012 Linda Bevis, Class of 1990,1996 (JD, MAIS, M.Ed) Zarah Kushner, Class of 2010 & 2012 Lloyd Johnson, M.D., Class of 1956 Wendy Somerson, Class of 1999 Danielle Friedman, MSW 2005 Nicole Ramirez, Class of 2011

Signed,

Aditya Ganapathiraju, Class of 2010 Christopher Patterson, Class of 2013 Aaron Lerner, Class of 2013

J. Leah Hughes, Class of 2008 Selma Dillsi, Class of 2009 & 2010 Destry Taylor, Class of 2011 Jill Mangaliman, Class of 2003 Evemarie Theryn Kigvamasudvashti, Class of 2011 Eva Dale, Class of 2004 Cindy Sousa, PhD 2012, MPH 2008 James William Alyson, Class of 2010 Trevor Griffey, Class of 2011 Ariel Federow, Class of 2003 Mona Atallah, Class of 2010 Katherine Flowers, Class of 2010 Nathaniel Shara, Class of 2008 Marie A. Goines, MSW 2007 shelby handler, Class of 2013 Hanady Kader, Class of 2007 Sean Power, MSW 2005, MPH 2006

17

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Examples of Divestment Victories

Hampshire College, a 1970s pioneer in the struggle against apartheid South Africa, was once again the first US college to vote for divestiture. In 2009, it decided to divest from some 200 companies that violated the colleges standards for social responsibility, including six companies with close connections to Israels occupation. Hampshires actions have since been followed by students at Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington, who in 2010 voted to divest the College Foundations funds from companies profiting from Israels illegal occupation. (See pages 20-21) In 2011, the University of Johannesburg officially cut ties with Israels Ben-Gurion University due to the Universitys support for the illegal occupation through its academic endeavors. The decision was taken following a campaign backed by Archbishop Desmond Tutu and over 400 South African academics. 2012 proved to be a year of rapid escalation for the international solidarity movement against Israels human rights violations, witnessing many BDS victories. Those are therefore presented in greater detail in the following page. Amongst these victories, we find the student body of the University of Reginas decision to adopt BDS as a means of pressuring Israel to comply with International and human rights law and the University of Massachusetts Bostons undergraduate student government passing a resolution to divest from Boeing. Other resolutions to support divestment were passed at the graduate and undergraduate level at Arizona State University, Wits University in Johannesburg, UC Irvine and York University. In 2013, following UC Irvines Associated Students unanimous vote to call for divestment from companies profiting from human rights abuses, UC San Diego and UC Riverside have passed similar resolutions by wide margins or unanimity.

18

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

National List of Students for Justice in Palestine who express their support

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

University of California, Riverside. SJP @ UCR University of Southern California. SJP @ USC University of California, San Diego. SJP @ UCSD California State University, Northridge. SJP@ CSUN UM. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. SAFE UWM. University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. SJP @ UWM UNM. University of New Mexico. SJP @ UNM Rutgers University (New Jersey). SJP @ Rutgers The University of Kansas. KU Students for Justice in the MIddle East SJP at University of Illinois-Chicago SJP at University of Illinois- Urbana-Champaign The DC-Maryland-Virginia Students For Justice in Palestine George Mason University Students Against Israeli Apartheid American University Students For Justice in Palestine George Washington University Students for Justice in Palestine Georgetown University Students For justice in Palestine University of Maryland Students for justice in Palestine The DC-Maryland-Virginia Students For Justice in Palestine Harvard College Solidarity Committee SJP at California Polytechnic University, Pomona. SJP at University of California, Davis. SJP at UMN - The University of Minnesota SJP at The University of California, Santa Barbara SJP at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles SJP at Marquette University in Milwaukee, WI

19

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

April 17, 2014

To The Associated Students of the University of Washington,


y name is Dan Berger, and I am an assistant professor of comparative ethnic studies at the Bothell campus of the University of Washington. I am writing in reference to the resolution being considered by the ASUW pertaining to divestment from the Israeli occupation. I write as a professor who studies issues of inequality and justice, as an employee of the University of Washington, and an American Jew whose mother is Israeli and grandparents survived the Holocaust. I support this resolution as an effort to ensure that our University respects human rights and operates with a strong ethical and moral compass. The Israeli occupation is both illegal under international law and involves extensive and ongoing violations of human rights and international law that are systemic in nature and thoroughly documented by a range of internationally respected organizations. Corporations that collaborate with and profit from the occupation are themselves therefore complicit in the perpetration of human rights violations. Furthermore, a decision to divest from corporations that profit from these fundamental violations is in keeping with the commitment to respect for human rights, nondiscrimination and ethical values that is a cornerstone of any universitys moral and intellectual mission. Such divestments helped end apartheid in South Africa and curtail the use of sweatshops; I hope they can now be used to support an end to the Israeli occupation and help secure justice for Palestinian people.

As you well know, the movement to boycott, divest from, and leverage sanctions upon (BDS) the Israeli occupation is growing. Last fall, the members of the American Studies Association, including myself, the largest and oldest interdisciplinary professional association of scholars studying American culture and history, adopted a resolution boycott of Israeli academic institutions for their connection to the illegal occupation. Despite some media speculation that the move would hurt the ASA, the association membership rolls have grown in response to the vote, which was the largest vote in the history of the ASA. Similar resolutions have been adopted by Association for Asian American Studies and the Native American Studies Association; the Modern Language Association voiced its disapproval of Israeli state censorship of academic freedom by denying academics access to Gaza and the West Bank. Similar resolutions are being debated by universities around the country. This resolution is an exciting opportunity to send a powerful message, that UW students recognize the gravity of the conflict, but also the possibilities that grassroots movements like BDS provide. It is clearly in keeping with the University of Washingtons own stated commitment to the active pursuit of global engagement and connectedness and to fostering engaged and responsible citizenship. I hope that the university can be a leader in this urgent issue of justice.

Sincerely, Dan Berger, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Comparative Ethnic Studies

20

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

21

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Dear ASUW,
I am writing to you as a UW alum (MSW 05, IDCP 05), a Jew, a granddaughter of a Holocaust survivor, and a direct descendant of the earliest Ashkenazi pioneers of the State of Israel.

urge you to vote in support of the resolution to divest from companies that are profiting from the Israeli occupation and colonization of Palestinian land and resources.

After completing my MSW & IDCP at the UW, I went on to live in Ramallah for five years, working with a Palestinian collective organizing for water justice. While I was living in Palestine, I also trained for nearly 500 hours inside of Israel to become a yoga teacher. I understand well the nuances and the complexities of what it means as a Jewish person from the US to be in relationship with family and friends inside of Israel, while also taking action to end the Israeli states violations of international law and human rights. The resolution itself makes an extremely compelling argument: outlining violations of international law and human rights committed by the State of Israel; referencing independent documentation by the UN, as well as by international, Palestinian and Israeli human rights groups of these violations; documenting the complicity of international corporations who are profiting from the development of infrastructure that entrenches these human rights violations; situating this resolution within the call for solidarity by Palestinian civil society; and accurately framing BDS as a non-violent strategy to bring about corporate and state accountability for human rights violations.

As I write to you, Im concerned that the facts of Israeli and corporate violations impacting every sector of life for the Palestinian people, may be overshadowed by discourses of 'one sidedness.' We may begin hearing that accountability of the State of Israel for its human rights violations is offensive or somehow makes Jewish students less safe. Please let us hold compassion for the ongoing suffering of the Palestinian people at the hands of Israeli policy and international corporations, alongside compassion for the historical oppression of the Jewish people and ongoing legacies of anti-Semitism. With this compassion for all who are suffering, it is important to distinguish between perceived threats to safety, and actual threats to safety, such as the demolition of Palestinian homes and water reservoirs, mass arrests of Palestinian youths, inhuman restrictions on freedom of movement, the commandeering of civilian homes and use of civilians as human shields, and the Israeli militarys practice of firing into civilian neighborhoods unprovoked to elicit return fire, or in the case of Gaza, to punish civilians for voting for Hamas. It is inaction in the face of injustice that makes all members of our UW community less safe. It does not do anyone in our community any good to have our university investment dollars supporting human rights violations.

With love and solidarity, Susan Koppelman


MSW 05, IDCP 05

22

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

To the Associated Students of the University of Washington:


he Rachel Corrie Foundation for Peace and Justice respectfully urges the Associated Students of the University of Washington to support and adopt the divestment resolution proposed by students of conscience. The resolution calls upon the University of Washington to divest from companies that support the Israeli occupation of Palestinian land and that profit from violations of international law and human rights that the occupation engenders. We further urge you to support the resolution provision that calls, as a first measure, for divestment from Caterpillar Inc., and for cooperation with The Evergreen State College to honor a 2010 vote by the Evergreen student body to divest of Caterpillar Inc. investments held by the Evergreen State College Foundation and housed with the UW Consolidated Endowment Fund. The Rachel Corrie Foundation was founded by community and family members after Rachel was killed in Rafah, Gaza, in 2003. She had completed her studies at The Evergreen State College and traveled to Israel/ Palestine in solidarity with Palestinians who were challenging the decades old Israeli occupation with nonviolent directaction resistance in the tradition of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King. A Caterpillar D9R militarized bulldozer operated by Israeli soldiers ran over Rachel as she stood between the bulldozer and the home of a Palestinian family threatened with demolition. Members of the family watched through a crack in their garden wall as the bulldozer approached, proceeded over Rachel, stopped, and then backing, went over her again. Rachel died shortly after.

Human Rights Watch reported in Razing Rafah that from 2000-2004, the Israeli military destroyed the homes of 16,000 Palestinians in Rafah. The study indicated, The pattern of destruction strongly suggests that Israeli forces demolished homes wholesale, regardless of whether they posed a specific threat, in violation of international law. In most of the cases, Human Rights Watch found the destruction was carried out in the absence of military necessity. Caterpillar Inc. was on notice long before this that its machines were being used in the commission of human rights violations. Yet to this day, the corporation continues to sell and service equipment and parts through foreign military sales to the Israeli Government. In our work at the Rachel Corrie Foundation, we have witnessed the lack of intention or will on the part of the Israeli and U.S. Governments to ensure freedom, equality, self-determination, and security for all in Israel and Palestine. We are, therefore, all the more heartened by the resolution that has come before you, and by the prospect of the important conversation you will likely have around this issue. We urge the Associated Students of the University of Washington to honor the 2005 call from Palestinian civil society for BDS, and also that of students of conscience at the University of Washington students who believe their university should not be invested in companies that help to sustain the Israeli occupation and its violations of Palestinian human rights. We strongly urge you to join other colleges and universities that have taken a stand for BDS and against injustice. Refusing to divest is not a neutral position. Profiting from the Israeli military occupation makes us complicit in its human rights abuses and violations of international law.

Rachel Corrie 1979-2003

Sincerely and with very best wishes, The Rachel Corrie Foundation for Peace and Justice

23

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

n the spring of 2010, the student Dear Associated body of the Evergreen State ColStudents of the lege passed two resolutions, one University of calling for divestment from compaWashington: nies profiting off of Israels occupation of Palestine, and the other for the creation of a CAT Free Zone, prohibiting the use of Caterpillar Inc. equipment on campus. The result of the vote, the first studentwide one of its kind, was a resounding victory for both resolutions, passing with 79.5% and 71.8% respectively. The voter turnout set a record at Evergreen, and was more than double the average turnout in student elections nationwide. Following the vote, the Geoduck Student Union unanimously passed resolutions supporting the student vote and directing the Board of Trustees to respond in a timely manner to the request of the student body. The Board of Trustees refused to publicly discuss the resolutions, the reason given being that Evergreens endowment holdings are directly tied to the UW Consolidated Endowment Fund. Consequentially, Evergreens ability to respect the voice of the student body and divest has been made contingent upon the University of Washington. In 2005, 170 Palestinian civil society groups issued a call for Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) against Israel and institutions complicit in and profiting from the occupation of Palestinian land. BDS is a non-violent challenge to a conflict which is militarily one-sided. BDS was instrumental in ending the Apartheid regime in South Africa, and, like with the Palestinian call for action, campuses and students are on the forefront of social justice.

Refusing to divest is not a neutral position; refusing to divest puts us on the side of military occupation and makes us complicit in human rights abuses. Israels occupation of Palestinian lands has been found, by the United Nations and the International Court of Justice, to be in violation of International Law. A divestment resolution may be criticized as divisive; however, like in all matters of social justice, there is no position that is not. As well as being one of the defining human rights struggles of our time, the abuses of Israels occupation have direct ties to students in the Washington state. In 2003, Evergreen student and lifelong Olympia resident Rachel Corrie was killed by a Caterpillar bulldozer, designed specifically for the Israeli Defence Forces, while defending a Palestinian home in the Gaza Strip from illegal demolition. In honoring this legacy, the 2005 call by Palestinian civil society, and Evergreens 2010 student body vote to divest from the occupation, we urge the University of Washington to stand on the right side of history and to pass this resolution to divest from companies profiting from violations of international law and human rights.

Sincerely, The Evergreen State Colleges Students for Justice in Palestine The Native Student Alliance (NSA) at Evergreen Movimiento Estudiantil Chican@ de Aztln (MEChA) de Evergreen

24

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

e, the undersigned members of the faculty at The Evergreen State College, affirm our support for ASUW Resolution 20-39, A Resolution to Divest from Companies Profiting from Violations of International Law and Human Rights.

Sincerely,
The Undersigned Faculty of The Evergreen State

Arun Chandra, DMA


Music Composition and Performance

Alice Nelson, Ph.D.


Latin American Studies

Therese Saliba, Ph.D.


English and International Feminism

Zoltan Grossman, Ph.D.


Geography

We applaud students at the University of Washington for taking this important step, which seeks to protect the human rights of Palestinians subject to Israels illegal occupation of their territories. We fully endorse the well-documented and well-reasoned statement they prepared in support of their demands. The Evergreen State College has a history of engagement with this issue. We have held many public fora, and the complexities of the problem have been dissected in our classrooms. As the UW students noted, one of our own students, Rachel Corrie, was killed by an Israeli soldier as she nonviolently attempted to defend a Palestinian home from demolition. In 2010, our student body voted by a 78% margin in favor of having the college divest from companies that profit from the illegal occupation. As the ASUW resolution makes clear, Evergreen cannot fully implement its divestment from companies complicit in these human rights abuses until the University of Washington also acts. Solidarity between TESC students and faculty and UW students and faculty can be an impetus for real change on both campuses. We express our support for the students at Evergreen and UW who have taken the lead in putting their institutions on the side of legality, human rights, justice and peace.

Greg Mullins, Ph.D.


American Studies

Amjad Faur, MFA


Photography

Anthony Zaragoza, Ph.D.


American Studies and Political Economy

Sarah Williams, Ph.D.


Feminist Theory

Savvina Chowdhury, Ph.D.


Feminist Political Economy

Paul McMillin, MA
Sociology, MLIS

Naima Lowe, MFA


Experimental Media

Miranda Mellis, MFA


Literary Arts

Jose Gomez, J.D.


Constitutional Law

Lori Blewett, Ph.D.


Communications Studies

Michael Vavrus Ph.D.

Zahid Shariff, DPA


Political Theory

Education and Political Economy

Lin Nelson, Ph.D.


Social Science

Chico Herbison, Ph.D., English and


African American Studies

Larry Mosqueda, Ph.D.


Political Science

Karen Gaul, Ph.D.,


Anthropology

Jeanne Hahn, Ph.D.


Political Economy

Grace Huerta, Ph.D., Educational


Leadership & Policy Studies

Anne Fischel, Ph.D.


Documentary Media and Community Studies

Elizabeth Williamson, Ph.D.,


English

Peter Bohmer, Ph.D.


Economics

25

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

26

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

A Salute to SUPER UW on their Divestment Resolution lutes


Signed,

BDS National Committee (BNC)

he Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel (PACBI) saStudents United for Palestinian Rights and Equality at the University of Washington (SUPER UW) for their principled efforts in submitting a resolution for consideration by the Associated Students of the University of Washington (ASUW) senate. The resolution calls on the University of Washington to divest its endowment from companies profiting from the Israeli governments abuses of human rights and violations of international law. [1]

ganizations. Even the U.S. Department of State has censured Israels system of institutional, legal and societal discrimination against Palestinian citizens of the state. [4] Investments in Israeli companies or companies that benefit from Israels abuses of Palestinian rights cannot be ethically defended or justified. SUPER UW has proven beyond doubt that effective solidarity with the oppressed is the most morally and politically sound contribution to the struggle to end oppression and to promote human rights and justice. And solidarity starts with withdrawing support, as a fundamental first step, from a system of injustice, as Martin Luther King Jr. says. We are certain that this outstanding expression of solidarity and support for the Palestinian BDS movement will further galvanize academics across the United States as well as in other countries to issue similar calls for the boycott of the Israeli academy and its complicit institutions. As in South Africa during apartheid, only by isolating these institutions can there be any chance of ending their complicity in Israels multi-tiered system of oppression against the Palestinian people. PACBI wishes to acknowledge, with gratitude, the determined efforts of all the students who are diligently and strategically working on passing this resolution. Considering the prevailing climate of intimidation in the US academy when it comes to voicing the slightest criticism of Israels violations of international law, it indeed takes courage to advocate for divestment from companies profiting from the human rights abuses of the Palestinians.

And the
Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel

The divestment resolution amounts to a clear attempt to challenge the notion that complicit companies and investments in Israels abuses can be "normal" business partners of any self-respecting institution or association. Over the past 20 years, Israel has intensified its construction of illegal colonies in the occupied Palestinian territory. It continues to bomb and kill Palestinian civilians in Gaza and maintains its medieval siege of 1.8 million Palestinians there. Its wall, condemned as illegal by the International Court of Justice in 2004, is still standing and expanding, separating Palestinians from their livelihoods, schools and farms. Israels ethnic cleansing of Palestinian communities in the Naqab (Negev), East Jerusalem and the Jordan Valley was condemned by a ranking UN official as constituting a strategy of exclusion and discrimination [2]. Its policy of home demolitions, uprooting trees and denial of freedom of movement have intensified in recent months. It still maintains more than 50 racist laws [3] that are condemned by international and local human rights or-

Notes: [1] http://superuw.org/dawgsdivest/ [2] http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/02/12/un-report -accuses-israel-of-pushing-palestinians-from-jerusalem-west-bank/ [3] http://adalah.org/eng/ Israeli-Discriminatory-Law-Database [4] http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/ nea/154463.htm Posted on 22-04-2014 on http://pacbi.org/etemplate.php?id=2413

BNC and PACBI

27

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Dear UW Students,

ongoing suppression of the fundamental human rights of the Palestinians. Will a BDS victory make peace more difficult? On the contrary, the BDS movement and especially the proposed ASUW divestment campaign will strengthen the forces of justice and peace on both sides. As an Israeli I can tell you that every BDS success brings the moral morass of the Occupation into the public light. When a recording artist cancels his appearance, its front page news in Israel. Such successes empower peace-minded politicians and public intellectuals to explain to the average Israelis the cost of the Occupation and to argue that the Occupation is not something they can shut out of their lives. By contrast, failing to act on the BDS call allows the ongoing suppression of human rights to continue. The forces of the status quo would like to do everything they can to keep the Occupation from the public eye. They will tell you about a United Jerusalem but they wont tell you how certain Palestinian neighborhoods in Jerusalem lack proper sewage, water, and even police forces. They will tell you about economic growth for the Palestinians on the West Bank, but they wont tell you that this progress is limited to a narrow stratum of Palestinians associated with the Palestinian Authority in Area A, and is subject to the whim of the Israel government, that life for Palestinians in Area C is a nightmare of land expropriations, permits, and harassment. They will tell you about how Palestinian Israeli citizens have the right to vote, but they wont tell you that for over sixty years Arabs have enjoyed virtually no political power because they have been systematically excluded from government coalitions.

s an American Israeli, a veteran of the Israel Defense Force, a life-long Zionist, and a committed, orthodox Jewish studies scholar, whose children and grandchildren live in Israel, I am writing in support of ASUW Resolution 20-39, A Resolution to Divest from Companies Profiting from Violations of International Law and

Calling for boycott, divestment, and sanctions against those who violate fundamental human rights is a long enshrined American practice, certainly among American Jews. My father was an early supporter of the civil rights movement, which included the Montgomery Bus boycott. In high school I marched with my classmates in support of Soviet Jews whose human rights were being violated. Jews supported the 1974 Jackson-Vanick amendment that restricted trade with the Soviet Union, just as many supported the divestment movement against the treatment of blacks under South African apartheid. The global BDS movement calls upon the State of Israel to recognize and protect the human rights of the Palestinians in accordance with international resolutions and human rights standards. Voting for divestment will not only promote the cause of the downtrodden and oppressed, but it will send a message to the Israeli government that there is a price to paythough smallfor the

Charles Manekin The University of Maryland

28

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

So what means do the Palestinians have at their disposal in their fight for justice? They dont have armies. They cannot use violence. They are prevented by the Israeli military in engaging in non-violent protest. They are penalized by Israel if they pursue statehood at the UN, or join international organizations. Israel, which became a state unilaterally over the protest of the majority of the people of Palestine, will not allow Palestinians to do anything unilateral. That leaves the BDS movement. Divestment from companies that benefit from the Occupation will not hurt the average Israeli but will send a clear message to her government: Enough! Get serious about a just solution, and dont think that the world will accept your rule over the Palestinians forever. The Bible teaches us, Justice, justice, you shall pursue. The divestment campaign is about one thing: justice. I urge you to support this initiative.

Will a BDS victory make peace more difficult? On the contrary...

Such successes empower peaceCharles H. Manekin minded politicians Professor of Philosophy and public intellecDirector of the Joseph and tuals to explain to Rebecca Meyerhoff Program and Center for Jewish Studies the average Israelis the cost of The University of Maryland the Occupation and to argue that the Occupation is not something they can shut out of their lives.
29

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

To whom it may concern:

he International Committee of the National Lawyers Guild (NLG) and the Seattle Chapter of the National Lawyers Guild support Students United for Palestinian Equal Rights (SUPERUW) and other students of conscience who are asking their Student Senate to adopt a resolution requesting divestment from companies that support, maintain or profit from the occupation of Palestinian land. This University of Washington student initiative responds to representatives of Palestinian civil society who, in 2005, called on the international community to boycott, divest and sanction (BDS) the State of Israel until it meets its obligations to recognize and comply with international law in its treatment of Palestinians. The BDS movement seeks by nonviolent means to achieve three goals that are recognized as legally enforceable under international law: equal rights, the restoration of lands stolen by an occupying power, and the right of unlawfully displaced people to return to their homes. Further, the resolution on the table does not ask the University and its financial managers to injure its investments in any way. The request honors the UW trustees legally binding fiduciary duty and

30

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

the feasibility to implement is un- sought to assist movements in the United States and around the globe questioned. which promote peace, justice, The resolution is in keeping with health, equality, openness, and a the UWs vision statement which better world. At its 2007 Convencalls on its students to be engaged tion, the National Lawyers Guild and responsible citizens. UW stu- resolved to divest from Israel until dents have a history of acting for Israel had withdrawn from the terhuman rights and peace, adopting ritories it occupied in 1967, exdivestment resolutions directed at tended equal rights to all its inhabiapartheid in South Africa and tants, and fully implemented the genocide in Sudan. With this reso- right of return for all refugees and lution, UW students join a vibrant their descendants. The 2007 resoluand growing human rights move- tion also called for an end to U.S. ment on campuses in the U.S. and military, economic and other assisEurope. tance to Israel. The NLG has a long history of support for academic freedom and expressive rights. We believe that universities have a responsibility to expose students to the rich variety of perspectives on issues of public importance. Universities and other institutions across the country have been permeated with a climate that stifles discussion of divestment and Palestinian human rights. We hope the Senate will avail itself of this opportunity to engage in dialogue and debate, including about the norms of international law. And finally, we ask the Student Senate to adopt the Resolution to Divest from Companies Profiting from Violations of International Law and Human Rights. The National Lawyers Guild, founded in 1937 as a racially inclusive organization, is the oldest and largest public interest and human rights bar association in the United States. Guild lawyers participated in the founding of the United Nations and since then the International Committee of the Guild has

Signed:

International Committee of the National Lawyers Guild


Natasha Lycia Ora Bannan, Co -Chair

Suzanne Adely, Co-Chair Jeanne Mirer, Co-Chair


www.nlginternational.org

Seattle Chapter, National Lawyers Guild


Neil Fox, President
http://nlgseattle.org nationallawyersguildseattle@gmail.com

31

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

April 13, 2014 Dear UW Students and ASUW Senators,


am proud and honored to support the current resolution to divest the University of Washington of its shares in firms that support Israels illegal occupation of the West Bank. We all know that companies such as HP, Caterpillar, Northrop Grumman, Hewlett-Packard, Motorola Solutions, G4S, Elbit Systems, and Veolia Environnement, among others, provide electronic and data services to maintain checkpoints, materials to build the illegal apartheid wall, bulldozers that are used to demolish Palestinian homes and olive groves in violation of international law, and weapons systems that are used against Palestinians in violation of our own Arms Export Control Act prohibiting the use of U.S. weapons and military aid against civilians. I know something about the facts on the ground in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, having spent the better part of January 2012 visiting the region. I witnessed first-hand the checkpoints, the separation wall, the crumbling, halfconstructed buildings, the fatigue-clad and heavily armed Israeli security forces checking IDs, the freshly paved settler roads, the ever-expanding Jewish settlements rising from hilltops laying siege on Palestinian villages below. I heard testimony from Palestinian families forced out of their homes in the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood of East Jerusalem; walked through the souk in Hebron littered with bricks and garbage and human feces thrown at Palestinian merchants by messianic settlers; negotiated the narrow, muddy pathways separating overcrowded multi-storied shacks in the refugee camps in Nablus or Jenin or Bethlehem; met mothers who had to

give birth on the side of the road or watched their severely ill children die for want of emergency care because they were held up at an Israeli checkpoint; spoke with parents whose boys had been detained, maimed, or even killed for throwing rocks at tanks. I also know something about the value of divestment as a non-violent strategy for social justice. (And I will add, as one who spent part of my childhood in Seattle, Washington, in the shadows of your great institution, I do know that UW and your city have a long and noble history of promoting the principles of social justice.) Thirty years ago, as a UCLA graduate student, president of our campuss African Activist Association, and chair of the Los Angeles Ad Hoc Committee to Keep South Africa Out of the Olympics, I added my voice to the movement calling on the University of California to divest its holdings from apartheid South Africa. This was my generations Boycott, Sanctions, Divestment moment, and many of us put our bodies on the line building makeshift shanty towns on campus and sitting in at the South African Consulate in Beverly Hills. The movement was not popular at first, but we educated our community, built momentum, and by the summer of 1986 succeeded in persuading the U.C. Regents to divest its $3.1 billion worth of holdings from South Africa and Namibia. Although it took nine years, and the University of California took longer to divest than most major banks (including Citibank, Chase Manhattan, and Barclays), its leaders ultimately decided to abide by the wishes of the students and faculty and take an ethical stance against apartheid. We understood then and nowthat apartheid did more than strip black South Africans of voting and civil

Robin D. G. Kelley University of California Los Angeles

32

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

rights. The regime dispossessed Africans from their land, and through legislative and military acts, razed entire communities and transferred Africans to government townships and Bantustans. It was a system of racial classification and population control that limited the movement of Africans in towns and cities, denied them social and economic privileges based on race, outlawed organizations that challenged the apartheid state, and used violence and detention to suppress opposition. Israel has been practicing a form of apartheid since its inception. After destroying some 380 Palestinian villages, and ethnically cleansing Palestinian towns and neighborhoods in mixed cities in 1948, confiscating land without compensation, Israel passed The Absentees Property Law (1950), effectively transferring all property owned or used by Palestinian refugees to the state, and then denied their right to return or reclaim their losses. The land grab continued after the 1967 war and military occupation of Gaza, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem. In violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention, Jewish settlements in the Occupied Territories have expanded exponentially since 1967. Currently, there are over 500,000 settlers living in the West Bank, and at least 43% of the land has been allocated to settler regional and local councils, and therefore is off-limits for Palestinian use. Furthermore, the most recent violent racist attacks on African immigrants in Israel represent some of the worst examples of human rights violations. Some 60,000 undocumented workers, many having fled war-torn or economically devastated countries such as Sudan and Eritrea, are denied refugee status, subject to deportation and imprisonment for up to a year without trial, and endure horrifying violence from racist mobs.

The South African experience proves that peace and reconciliation is possible, but will remain elusive without justice, nor will it be achieved as long as we continue to financially support a regime that violates international law with impunity. The occupation is illegal, it perpetuates more than a half century of dispossession, it does not serve the interests of the majority of Israeli citizens, and it is costing American citizens some three billion dollars a year. The University of Washington, a leading global light in public higher education, should not profit from occupation and dispossession. Divest Now!

Robin D. G. Kelley
Acting Chair Afro-American Studies IDP Gary B. Nash Professor of American History University of California at Los Angeles

33

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

April 14, 2014 Regarding: A Resolution to Divest from Companies Profiting from Violations of International Law and Human Rights

To whom it may concern;


his is a letter of support for the Associated Students of the University of Washington resolution to divest from companies that are profiting from violations of international law and human rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. As part of the internaDr. Alice Rothchild tional boycott, divestment, and sanction call, we recognize the responsibility of Physician, Author, universities to invest in a socially conActivist scious manner in keeping with the principles of the university and we support efforts to apply economic pressure to end the Israeli occupation and the egregious treatment of Palestinians in the territories. As a health and human rights delegation, we have visited Israel and the West Bank annually for the past ten years and understand the on-theground realities of the occupation, the high cost to the Palestinian population, and the unwillingness of the Israeli government to engage in meaningful political change. We understand that our support of global corporations that are the instruments of occupation and suppression of the Palestinian population make us all culpable and that is the responsibility of institutions concerned with justice to support the nonviolent resistance movements that are working to end these injustices. For these reasons, we applaud the courage of the AJJP-Boston is dedi- University of Washington students and cated to furthering a hope that the university will act posijust and peaceful reso- tively on their resolution. lution to the Israeli/ Palestinian conflict, a Alice Rothchild, MD resolution that will provide justice, safety, Co-organizer security and freedom for American Jews for a Just Peace, Jews, Palestinians, and Health and Human Rights Project others living in the region. www.ajjpboston.org

Dear allies at ASUW,


e write from the other side of the US in support of your proposed Resolution to Divest from Companies Profiting from Violations of International Law and Human Rights. We are proud to have you join the global movement to impose boycotts, sanctions and divestment initiatives against Israel in order to force it to meet its obligation to recognize the Palestinian people's right to self-determination and fully comply with international law. BDS has been endorsed by over 170 Palestinian parties, organizations, trade unions, and movements representing ArabPalestinian citizens of Israel, and it is the most effective non-violent and morally consistent means of achieving justice and genuine peace in the region through concrete international pressure. In solidarity,

Adalah-NY
Adalah-NY: The New York Campaign for the Boycott of Israel is a local, grassroots, non-hierarchical volunteeronly group of concerned individuals that advocates for justice, equality, and human rights for the Palestinian people through educational activities and campaign-building.

34

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Letter of support from Remi Kanazi

emphatically endorse the wellcrafted and principled divestment resolution put forth by Students United for Palestinian Equal Rights (SUPER) at the University of Washington.

We must not see UWs pledge of being compassionate and committed to the active pursuit of global engagement and connectedness as mere words on the page. UW Students have taken a bold step in refusing to stand idly by as their university likely invests in corporations that profit off an internationally condemned occupation that is defined by land theft, illegal settlements, segregated roads, home demolitions, separation walls, and consistent violations of international law.

South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, supporter of campus divestment, famously proclaimed, If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor. I applaud the tremendous efforts by SUPER UW and urge the ASUW to absorb the clear case for divestment in the resolution presented. Standing on the right side of history and against complicity in systems of oppression is always the right thing to do, from the Jim Crow South to Apartheid South Africa to occupation in Palestine. As members of the global community, it is essential that we cut our direct lines of complicity with human rights violations. Divestment is the next step. The time for action is now.

We must not see UWs pledge of being compassionate and committed to the active pursuit of global engagement and connectedness as mere words on the page.

Sincerely, Remi Kanazi


Poet and Writer

35

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

April 20, 2014

Dear University of Washington Students,


s a national coalition of more than 400 groups around the country that support freedom, justice, and equality for all, we are writing to thank you for your efforts to pass a resolution at the University of Washington calling for divestment from companies that profit from occupation and apartheid and are complicit in Israels crimes against the Palestinian people. Every day Palestinians suffer ongoing displacement, discrimination, and exile as a consequence of Israels abusive policies. Whether its Palestinians living under brutal military occupation in the West Bank and Gaza, or Palestinian refugees who cannot return to their lands because they have the wrong ethnic or religious background, or Palestinian citizens of Israel who face more than 50 laws enshrining their status as second -class citizens, Palestinians have been denied their rights and dignity by Israel for several decades. In 2005 more than 170 Palestinian civil society groups issued a call for boycotts, divestment, and sanctions (BDS) targeting Israel and institutions complicit in its oppressive policies towards Palestinians until it complies with international law. With the failure of the international community to hold Israel accountable for its actions, BDS promotes timehonored and respected tactics used to achieve justice, including in the U.S. Civil Rights and South Africa AntiApartheid movements.

One example of the complicity of corporations in Israels oppression is Caterpillar. The companys bulldozers are one of the most destructive weapons Israel utilizes to maintain its military occupation. These machines are used daily to demolish Palestinian homes, uproot Palestinian olive trees, build illegal Jewish-only settlements on stolen Palestinian lands, and construct the apartheid wall. Since 1967 more than 25,000 Palestinian homes have been destroyed and estimated 800,000 olive trees have been uprooted, which is equal to 33 Central Parks. On March 16, 2003, 23-year-old American peace activist and Washington resident Rachel Corrie was run over and killed by a Caterpillar D9 bulldozer as she was trying to protect a Palestinian home from being demolished while the family was inside. In the past nine years, people of conscience worldwide, especially students, have responded to the Palestinian call for action by pursuing local BDS campaigns. Campuses have been at the forefront of social justice struggles throughout history, even when doing so was unpopular. As with all social justice movements, there will be those who oppose your efforts by accusing you of being divisive and pushing for the need to be neutral. The fact is that refusing to divest is in itself a political stance in support of human rights abuses. There is no not taking a side in this situation: there is the side of justice and the status quo of injustice. Those working for Palestinian rights are not the ones singling out Israel. It is the U.S. government that singles Israel out by funding

36

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

its occupation and apartheid with billions of dollars in military aid annually. It is university student governments that single Israel out when they pass resolutions about fossil fuels, the prison industrial complex, and human rights abuses in other countries but decline to take up Israels very clearly documented violations of international law. After the end of apartheid in South Africa, Nelson Mandela made clear: The UN took a strong stand against apartheid; and over the years, an international consensus was built, which helped to bring an end to this iniquitous system. But we know too well that our freedom is incomplete without the freedom of the Palestinians. We cheer you on in your stand with Palestinians in their struggle against Israeli occupation, apartheid, and colonization. We applaud your efforts to continue UWs proud record of divestment from companies that profit from oppression and human rights abuses, including Apartheid in South Africa genocide in Sudan.

Sincerely, US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation


A national coalition working to end all U.S. support for Israeli occupation and apartheid policies towards Palestinians.

37

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

A letter of support from faculty around the country:


April 14, 2014 To whom it may concern:
Sincerely,

W
Corporations that collaborate with and profit from the occupation are themselves therefore complicit in the perpetration of human rights violations.

e, the undersigned faculty from universities around the country, salute and commend the efforts of Students United for Palestinian Equal Rights at the University of Washington, Seattle, to get the UW Student Senate to pass a measured and thoughtful motion to divest from corporations that profit from the Israeli occupation of Palestine.

Joel Beinin
Stanford University

Eduardo Cadava
Princeton University

Mary Yu Danico

California State We agree with the motion in its University, Pomona


recognition that the Israeli occupation is both illegal under international law and involves extensive and ongoing violations of human rights and international law that are systemic in nature and thoroughly documented by a range of internationally respected organizations. Corporations that collaborate with and profit from the occupation are themselves therefore complicit in the perpetration of human rights violations. Furthermore, we endorse the statement that a decision to divest from corporations that profit from these fundamental violations is and should be in keeping with the commitment to respect for human rights, non-discrimination and ethical values that is a cornerstone of any universitys moral and intellectual mission. It is clearly in keeping with the University of Washingtons own stated commitment to the active pursuit of global engagement and connectedness and to fostering engaged and responsible citizenship. We therefore urge the Student Senate at the University of Washington, Seattle, to live up to these ethical principles and to pass the divestment resolution.

Colin Dayan,
Vanderbilt University

Erica Edwards,
University of California Riverside

Alessandro Fornazzari,
University of California, Riverside

Cynthia Franklin,
University of Hawaii

Jess Ghannam,
University of California, San Francisco

Terri Ginsberg,
International Council for Middle East Studies

38

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Macarena Gomez-Barrs
University of Southern California University of Texas, Austin

Mariam Lam
University of California Riverside

Steven Salaita
Virginia Tech

Barbara Harlow

David Lloyd
University of California Riverside

Sarita See
University of California Riverside

Linda Hess
Stanford University College of Humanities, Arts & Social Sciences Riverside, CA 92521

Alex Lubin
University of New Mexico

Freya Schiwy
University of California, Riverside

Sunanina Maira
University of California, Davis

Cheryl Higashida
University of Colorado, Boulder

Malini Johar Schueller


University of Florida, Gainesville

Frederick C. Moten
University of California, Riverside

Snehal Shingavi
University of Texas, Austin

Nasser Hussain
Amherst College

Bill Mullen
Purdue University

Rajini Srikanth
University of Massachusetts Boston

Robin D. Kelley
University of California Los Angeles

Nadine Suleiman Naber


University of Illinois, Chicago

Neferti Tadiar
Barnard College

Wesleyan University

J. Kehaulani Kauanui

David PalumboLiu
Stanford University

Nikhil Singh
New York University

Jodi Kim
University of California Riverside

Laura Pulido
University of Southern California

David Klein
California State University, Northridge

Dylan Rodriguez
University of California Riverside

Dennis Kortheuer
California State University, Long Beach

Jeff Sacks
University of California Riverside

39

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

40

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

From Israeli Activists (Boycott from Within, ICAHD)


e are Israeli citizens, active against our governments policies of racism, occupation, and apartheid. Following the Palestinian civil society call for BDS, we have come to the conclusion that an international campaign of divestment from companies, which are complicit in these policies and profit from them, is a crucial tool in bringing about peace and justice to the people living in Israel/Palestine. We thank SUPER (students united for Palestinian equal rights) at the University of Washington wholeheartedly for promoting human rights through this divestment initiative. We call on THE ASSOCIATED STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON to endorse SUPER's proposal.

Boycott! Supporting the Palestinian BDS Call from Within (aka Boycott from Within) http://boycottisrael.info/

The Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions (ICAHD + ICAHD USA) http://www.icahd.org/

Letter to UW from journalist Max Blumenthal


Photo by Aditya Ganapathiraju

To whom it may concern,


S-led negotiations of a Palestinian state have finally failed, leaving concerned citizens around the world wondering if and when the occupation and regime of institutionalized discrimination governing the lives of Palestinians will ever end. Fortunately, there is a recourse, a nonviolent one, that enables all of us to campaign for the equal rights of a people that has been dispossessed, exploited and besieged. Palestinian civil society has urged American citizens - the chief patron of their occupation - to divest from corporations that violate their human rights. It is in the spirit of this call to our conscience that the University of Washington chapter of SUPER has introduced its divestment resolution. As students and members of the UW community, this resolution offers you the opportunity to end your complicity in the denial of the most basic rights to Palestinians. More importantly, it helps forge one of the few remaining paths forward towards equality for everyone living in Israel-Palestine. Act on your conscience and support this inherently democratic, deeply humane campaign of non-compliance with injustice.

Max Blumenthal is an awardwinning journalist whose articles and video documentaries have appeared in the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, the Daily Beast, The Nation, and many other publications. His book, Republican Gomorrah: Inside The Movement That Shattered The Party (Nation Books, 2010) was a New York Times and Los Angeles Times bestseller. His newest book is called Goliath: Life and Loathing in Greater Israel.

Max Blumenthal

41

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

A letter to the My dear Palestinian Palestinian brothers and sisters, people have come to your land and I have
Farid Esack University of Johannesburg
recognized shades of my own. My land was once one where some people imagined that they could build their security on the insecurity of others. They claimed that their lighter skin and European origins gave them the right to dispossess those of a darker skin who lived in the land for thousands of years. I come from a land where a group of people, the Afrikaners, were genuinely hurt by the British. The British despised them and placed many of them into concentration camps. Nearly a sixth of their population perished. Then the Afrikaners said, "Never again!" And they meant that never again will harm come unto them with no regard to how their own humanity was tied to that of others. In their hurt they developed an understanding of being God's chosen people destined to inhabit a Promised Land. And thus they occupied the land, other people's land, and they built their security on the insecurity of black people. Later they united with the children of their former enemies -now called "the English." The new allies, known simply as "whites," pitted themselves against the blacks who were forced to pay the terrible price of dispossession, exploitation and marginalization as a result of a combination of white racism, Afrikaner fears and ideas of chosen-ness. And, of course, there was the ancient crime of simple greed. I come from apartheid South Africa. Arriving in your land, the land of Palestine, the sense of deja vu is inescapable. I am struck by the similarities. In some ways, all of us are the children of our histories. Yet, we may also choose to be struck by the stories of others. Perhaps this ability is what is called morality.

We cannot always act upon what we see but we always have the freedom to see and to be moved. I come from a land where people braved onslaughts of bulldozers, bullets, machine guns and tear gas for the sake of freedom. We resisted at a time when it was not fashionable. And now that we have been liberated everyone declares that they were always on our side. It's a bit like Europe after the Second World War. During the war only a few people resisted. After the war not a single supporter of the Nazis could be found and the vast majority claimed that they always supported the resistance to the Nazis. I am astonished at how ordinarily decent people whose hearts are otherwise "in the right place" beat about the bush when it comes to Israel and the dispossession and suffering of the Palestinians. And now I wonder about the nature of "decency." Do "objectivity," "moderation," and seeing "both sides" not have limits? Is moderation in matters of clear injustice really a virtue? Do both parties deserve an "equal hearing" in a situation of domestic violence -wherein a woman is beaten up by a male who was abused by his father some time ago -- because he, too, is a "victim?" We call upon the world to act now against the dispossession of the Palestinians. We must end the daily humiliation at checkpoints, the disgrace of an Apartheid Wall that cuts people off from their land, livelihood and history, and act against the torture, detention without trial and targeted killings of those who dare to resist. Our humanity demands that we who recognize evil in its own time act against it even when it is "unsexy" to do so. Such recognition and action truly benefits our higher selves. We act in the face of oppression,

Do objectivity, moderation, and seeing both sides not have limits?

42

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

dispossession, or occupation so that our own humanity may not be diminished by our silence when some part of the human family is being demeaned. If something lessens your worth as a human being, then it lessens mine as well. To act in your defense is really to act in defense of my "self" -- whether my higher present self or my vulnerable future self.

ethnic group, religious community, or nation. When one's view of the world and dealings with others are entirely shaped by self-centeredness -- whether in the name of religion, survival, security, or ethnicity -- then it is really only a matter of time before one also becomes a victim. While invoking "real life" or realpolitik as values themselves, human beings mostly act in their own self-interest even as they seek to deploy a more ethically-based logic in doing so. Thus, while it is oil or strategic advantage that you are after, you may invoke the principle of spreading democracy, or you may justify your exploitation of slavery with the comforting rationalization that the black victims of the system might have died of starvation if they had been left in Africa. Being truly human -a mensch -- is something different. It is about the capacity to transcend narrow interests and to understand how a deepening of humanness is linked to the good of others. When apartness is elevated to dogma and ideology, when apartness is enforced through the law and its agencies, this is called apartheid. When certain people are privileged simply because they are born to a certain ethnic group and use these privileges to dispossess and discriminate against others then this is called apartheid. Regardless of how genuine the trauma that gave birth to it and regardless of the religious depth of the exclusivist beliefs

We do not deny the trauma that the oppressors experienced at any stage in their Morality is about the capacity to be We do not deny the trauma that the op- individual or moved by interests beyond one's own pressors experienced at any stage in collective lives.
their individual or collective lives; we simply reject the notion that others should become victims as a result of it. We reject the manipulation of that suffering for expansionist political and territorial purposes. We resent having to pay the price of dispossession because an imperialist power requires a reliable ally in this part of the world. As South Africans, speaking up about the life or death for the Palestinian people is also about salvaging our own dream of a moral society that will not be complicit in the suffering of other people. There are, of course, other instances of oppression, dispossession and marginalization in the world. Yet, none of these are as immediately recognizable to us who lived under, survived and overcame apartheid. Indeed, for those of us who lived under South African apartheid and fought for liberation from it and everything that it represented, Palestine reflects in many ways the unfinished business of our own struggle. Thus, I and numerous others who were involved in the struggle against apartheid have come here and we have witnessed a place that in some ways reminds us of what we have suffered through. Archbishop Desmond Tutu is of course correct when he speaks about how witnessing the conditions of the Palestinians "reminded me so much of

underpinning it all, it is called apartheid. How we respond to our own trauma and to the indifference or culpability of the world never justifies traumatizing others or an indifference to theirs. Apartness then not only becomes a foundation for ignorance of the other with whom one shares a common space. It also becomes a basis for denying the suffering and humiliation that the other undergoes.

43

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

what happened to us black people in South Africa ... I say why are our memories so short? Have our Jewish sisters and brothers forgotten their humiliation?" But yet in more ways than one, here in your land, we are seeing something far more brutal, relentless and inhuman than what we have ever seen under apartheid. In some ways, my brothers and sisters, I am embarrassed that you have to resort to using a word that was earlier on used specifically for our situation, in order to draw attention to yours. White South Africa did of course seek to control blacks. However it never tried to deny black people their very existences or to wish them away completely as we see here. We have not experienced military occupation without any rights for the occupied. We were spared the barbaric and diverse forms of collective punishment in the forms of house demolitions, the destruction of orchards belonging to relatives of suspected freedom fighters, or the physical transfer of these relatives themselves. South Africa's apartheid courts never legitimized torture. White South Africans were never given a carte blanche to humiliate black South Africans as the settlers here seem to have. The craziest apartheid zealots would never have dreamed of something as macabre as this wall. The apartheid police never used kids as shields in any of their operations. Nor did the apartheid army ever use gunships and bombs against largely civilian targets. In South Africa the whites were a stable community and after centuries simply had to come to terms with black people. (Even if it were only because of their economic dependence on black people.) The Zionist idea of Israel as the place for the ingathering for all the Jews -- old and new, converts, reverts and reborn -- is a deeply problematic one. In such a case there is no sense of compul-

sion to reach out to your neighbor. The idea seems to be to get rid of the old neighbors -- ethnic cleansing -- and to bring in new ones all the time. We as South Africans resisting apartheid understood the invaluable role of international solidarity in ending centuries of oppression. Today we have no choice but to make our contribution to the struggle of the Palestinians for freedom. We do so with the full awareness that your freedom will also contribute to the freedom of many Jews to be fully human in the same way that the end of apartheid also signaled the liberation of white people in South Africa. At the height of our own liberation struggle, we never ceased to remind our people that our struggle for liberation is also for the liberation of white people. Apartheid diminished the humanity of white people in the same way that gender injustice diminishes the humanity of males. The humanity of the oppressor is reclaimed through liberation and Israel is no exception in this regard. At public rallies during the South African liberation struggle the public speaker of the occasion would often call out: "An injury to one!" and the crowd would respond: "Is an injury to all!" We understood that in a rather limited way at that time. Perhaps we are destined to always understand this in a limited way. What we do know is that an injury to the Palestinian people is an injury to all. An injury inflicted on others invariably comes back to haunt the aggressors; it is not possible to tear at another's skin and not to have one's own humanity simultaneously diminished in the process. In the face of this monstrosity, the Apartheid Wall, we offer an alternative: solidarity with the people of Palestine. We pledge our determination to walk with you in your struggle to overcome separation, to conquer injustice and to put end to greed, division and exploitation.

44

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

We have seen that our yesterday's oppressed -- both in apartheid South Africa and in Israel today -- can become today's oppressors. Thus we stand by you in your vision to create a society wherein everyone, regardless of their ethnicity, or religion, shall be equal and live in freedom. We continue to draw strength from the words of Nelson Mandela, the father of our nation and hero of the Palestinian people. In 1964 he was found guilty on charges of treason and faced the death penalty. He turned to the judges and said: "I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if need be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die."

Farid Esack is a writer, scholar and human rights activist, well-known for his opposition to apartheid and his appointment by Nelson Mandela as a gender equity commissioner. He has taught at many universities, including Harvard University and Xavier University in the US, the University of the Western Cape in South Africa and Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. This open letter has been sprayed entirely on the wall in Palestine.

Farid Esack

We know too well that our freedom is not complete without the freedom of the Palestinians.
Nelson Mandela
Anti-apartheid campaigner, elder statesman, Nobel Peace Laureate, global activist

45

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Letter From Archbishop Desmond Tutu


Support For University of Arizona Divestment Campaign
Dear University of Arizona Community,

and hauling him/her off to jail for not having his/her documents on hand while s/he slept. The fact that they were in his/her nightstand near the bed was not good enough. In South Africa, we could not have achieved our freedom and just peace without the help of people around the world, who, through the use of nonviolent means, such as boycotts and divestment, encouraged their governments and other corporate actors to reverse decades-long support for the Apartheid regime. Students played a leading role in that struggle, and I write this letter with a special indebtedness to and earnest gratitude for your school, the University of Arizona, for its role in advocating equality in South Africa and promoting corporate ethical and social responsibility to end complicity in Apartheid. The same issue of equality is what motivates the students divestment movement today, linking the issues of immigrant/indigenous rights in the U.S. and the Israeli occupation of Palestine. The movement students are leading in Arizona to better the conditions there and in Palestine is politically refreshing and should be an inspiration to us all. It was with immense joy that I learned of the massive mock apartheid wall the students erected through your campus to bring these issues to the forefront. The students cleverly label their mock border wall Concrete Connections to symbolize the intersection of interests that guide U.S. policy in militarized Arizona and in Israeli-occupied Palestine. I was reminded of how similarly touched I was when I visited American campuses like yours in the 1980s and saw students creating mock shanty

am writing today to express my wholehearted support of the students in No Ms Muertes/No More Deaths humanitarian/migrant-rights group and their institutional statement advocating divestment or business severance from the Caterpillar and Motorola corporations. I appreciate their insistence for your school to terminate this relationship on the grounds of these companies providing military-style technology and assistance to U.S. forces committing systematic abuses in Arizona and nationwide. I also think it is important that the students are highlighting these same companies that provide similar technology and assistance for Israel to use in its illegal military occupation and settlement of Palestinian lands.

When an immigrant is criminalized in Arizona or elsewhere in the U.S. for not having the right papers as he tries to make a living, I stand with him. When a Palestinian man stands for hours at an Israeli military checkpoint in order to get to his job and make a living, I stand with him. And I ask you to stand with me, with them, as the students are at the threshold of a new movement that seeks justice by withdrawing support for injustice. I am not speaking from an ivory tower. Degradation and humiliation of innocent people harassed over their legal status and documentation was prevalent throughout the reign of Apartheid. We lived itpolice waking an individual up in the middle of the night

46

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

towns and demonstrating in the baking sun to protest the brutal conditions of Apartheid. Is my hope that the creative action by the students will inspire a new movement of mock walls dividing campuses across the U.S. to show how the militarized border not only runs along Arizona and the Southwestern region but everywhere in the United States where communities of immigrants, indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities are raided, abused or exploited. Such demonstrations can also show that in every corner of the United States sits the potential to help end the Israeli occupation by withdrawing U.S. funding and support which makes it possible. The abuses faced by people in Arizona and in Palestine are real, and no person should be offended by principled, morally consistent, non-violent acts to oppose them. It is no more wrong to call out the U.S. governmentsat the federal and Arizona state levelsfor their abuses in Arizona and throughout the country than it was to call out the Apartheid regime for its abuses. Nor is it wrong to single out Israel for its abuses in the occupied Palestinian territory as it was to single out the Apartheid regime for its abuses. I am writing to tell you that, despite what detractors may allege, the students are on the right track and are doing the right thing. They are doing the moral thing. They are doing that which is incumbent on them as humans who believe that all people have dignity and rights, and that all those being denied their dignity and rights deserve the solidarity of their fellow human beings. With these truths and principles in mind, I join with the students in No Ms Muertes and implore your school to divest any form of business investment, whether stocks, bonds, or other business

agreements, from companies such as Caterpillar and Motorola, as a symbolic gesture of non-participation in conditions and practices that are abominable. To those who wrongly accuse us of unfairness or harm done to them by this call for divestment, I suggest, with humility, that the harm suffered from being confronted with opinions that challenge ones own pales in comparison to the harm done by living a life under occupation and daily denial of basic rights and dignity. It is not with rancor that we criticize the Israeli and U.S./AZ governments, but with hope, a hope that a better future can be made for both Israelis and Palestiniansfor migrant, indigenous, and all peoples regardless of immigration status; a future in which both the violence of the occupier and the resulting violent resistance of the occupied come to an end, and where one people need not rule over another, engendering suffering, humiliation, and retaliation. True peace must be anchored in justice and an unwavering commitment to universal rights for all humans, regardless of ethnicity, religion, gender, national origin or any other identity attribute, including national citizenship. Students are helping to pave that path to a just peace and they deserve your support. I encourage you to stand firm on the side of what is right.

God bless you.

Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu

47

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Article by Alice Walker


Supporting Boycotts, Divestment and Sanctions Against Israel
"You will have no protection." - Medgar Evers to Civil Rights Activists in Mississippi, shortly before he was assassinated on June 12, 1963.

y heart is breaking; but I do not mind.

For one thing, as soon as I wrote those words I was able to weep, which I had not been able to do since learning of the attack by armed Israeli commandos on defenseless peace activists carrying aid to Gaza who tried to fend them off using chairs and sticks. I am thankful to know what it means to be good; I know that the people of the Freedom Flotilla are/ were, in some cases, some of the best people on earth. They have not stood silently by and watched the destruction of others, brutally, sustained, without offering themselves, weaponless except for their bodies, to the situation. I am thankful to have a long history of knowing people like this from my earliest years, beginning in my student days of marches and demonstrations: for peace, for nonseparation among peoples, for justice for Women, for People of Color, for Cubans, for Animals, for Indians, and for Her, the planet. I am weeping for the truth of Medgar's statement; so brave and so true. I weep for him gunned down in his carport, not far from where I would eventually live in Mississippi, with a box of tshirts in his arms that said: 'Jim Crow Must Go.' Though trained in the United States Military under racist treatment one cringes to imagine, he remained a peaceful soldier in the

army of liberation to the end. I weep and will always weep, even through the widest smiles, for the beautiful young wife, Myrlie Evers, he left behind, herself still strong and focused on the truth of struggle; and for their children, who lost their father to a fate they could not possibly, at the time, understand. I don't think any of us could imagine during that particular phase of the struggle for justice, that we risked losing not just our lives, which we were prepared to give, but also our children, who we were not. Nothing protected Medgar, nor will anything protect any of us; nothing but our love for ourselves and for others whom we recognize unfailingly as also ourselves. Nothing can protect us but our lives. How we have lived them; what battles, with love and compassion our only shield, we have engaged. And yet, the moment of realizing we are truly alone, that in the ultimate crisis of our existence our government is not there for us, is one of shock. Especially if we have had the illusion of a system behind us to which we truly belong. Thankfully I have never had opportunity to have this illusion. And so, every peaceful witnessing, every non-violent confrontation has been a pure offering. I do not regret this at all. When I was in Cairo last December to support CODEPINK'S efforts to carry aid into Gaza I was unfortunately ill with the flu and could not offer very much. I lay in bed in the hotel room and listened to other activists report on what was happening around the city as Egypt refused entry to Gaza to the 1400 people who had come for the accompanying Freedom march. I heard many distressing things, but only one made me feel, not exactly envy, but something close; it was that

48

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

the French activists had shown up, en masse, in front of their embassy and that their ambassador had come out to talk to them and to try to make them comfortable as they set up camp outside the building. This small gesture of compassion for his country's activists in a strange land touched me profoundly, as I was touched decades ago when someone in John Kennedy's white house (maybe the cook) sent out cups of hot coffee to our line of freezing student and teacher demonstrators as we tried, with our signs and slogans and songs, to protect a vulnerable neighbor, Cuba. Where have the Israelis put our friends? I thought about this all night. Those whom they assassinated on the ship and those they injured? Is "my" government capable of insisting on respect for their dead bodies? Can it demand that those who are injured but alive be treated with care? Not only with care, but the tenderness and honor they deserve? If it cannot do this, such a simple, decent thing, of what use is it to the protection and healing of the planet? I heard a spokesman for the United States opine at the United Nations (not an exact quote) that the Freedom Flotilla activists should have gone through other, more proper, channels, not been confrontational with their attempt to bring aid to the distressed. This is almost exactly what college administrators advised half a century ago when students were trying to bring down Apartheid in the South and getting bullets, nooses, bombings and burnings for our efforts. I felt embarrassed (to the degree one can permit embarrassment by another) to be even vaguely represented by this man: a useless voice from the far past. One had hoped.

The Israeli spin on the massacre: that the commandos were under attack by the peace activists and that the whole thing was like "a lynching" of the armed attackers, reminds me of a Redd Foxx joke. I loved Redd Foxx, for all his vulgarity. A wife caught her husband in bed with another woman, flagrant, in the act, skin to skin. The husband said, probably through pants of aroused sexual exertion: All right, go ahead and believe your lying eyes! It would be fun, were it not tragic, to compare the various ways the Israeli government and our media will attempt to blame the victims of this unconscionable attack for their own imprisonment, wounds and deaths. So what to do? Rosa Parks sat down in the front of the bus. Martin Luther King followed her act of courage with many of his own, and using his ringing, compassionate voice he aroused the people of Montgomery, Alabama to commit to a sustained boycott of the bus company; a company that refused to allow people of color to sit in the front of the bus, even if it was empty. It is time for us, en masse, to show up in front of our conscience, and sit down in the front of the only bus we have: our very lives. What would that look like, be like, today, in this situation between Palestine and Israel? This "impasse" that has dragged on for decades. This "conflict" that would have ended in a week if humanity as a whole had acted in defense of justice everywhere on the globe. Which maybe we are learning! It would look like the granddaughter of Rosa Parks, the grandson of Martin Luther King. It would look like spending our money only where we can spend our lives in peace and happiness; freely sharing whatever we have with our friends.

49

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

It would be to support Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) against Israel to End the Occupation of Gaza and the West Bank and by this effort begin to soothe the pain and attend the sorrows of a people wrongly treated for generations. This action would also remind Israel that we have seen it lose its way and have called to it, often with love, and we have not been heard. In fact, we have reached out to it only to encounter slander, insult and, too frequently, bodily harm. Disengage, avoid, and withhold support from whatever abuses, degrades and humiliates humanity. This we can do. We the people; who ultimately hold all the power. We the people, who must never forget to believe we can win. We the people. It has always been about us; as we watch governments come and go. It always will be.

TESC Commencement Speaker Angela Davis Endorses Divestment


At the 2011 Evergreen State College graduation ceremony, commencement speaker Dr. Angela Davis endorsed efforts by students and alumni at Evergreen to work in resistance to "a 21st century resistance to Israeli apartheid" by pushing for campus divestment. She also made a prominent commendation of Rachel Corrie's legacy on the Evergreen campus. hen I accepted the invitation to speak at your commencement, I responded in the affirmative because I wanted to associate myself with a college that has a deeply progressive tradition. I wanted to associate myself with students, faculty and workers who defend the integrity of the environment, its resources, its plants, its human and its non-human animals, and who encourage others to engage in sustainable living practices. I wanted to associate myself with an institution that continues to defend the spirit and legacy of one of the most prominent members of its community, Rachel Corrie. And I think that each graduating class should take a moment and reflect on her courage her generosity. And I'm happy to hear that students and faculty on this campus, in the context of a 21st century resistance to Israeli apartheid, are following those who stood up against South African apartheid and are raising the demand for divestment. This is a burgeoning movement, and you here at the Evergreen State College have the opportunity to provide progressive leadership to the rest of the country. As the anti-South African apartheid

Alice Walker
Author 1983 Winner of Pulitzer Prize
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alice-walker/ supporting-bds-boycott-di_b_603840.html

50

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

campaign was spurred on by those universities that divested early on, Michigan State University, in 1978 I believe, Columbia University, the University of Wisconsin. And of course, eventually virtually every school in the country followed their leadership. Your education has provided you tools to recognize that solidarity progressive Palestinian people is solidarity with progressive Jewish ple in Israel. with with also peo-

"Dear Mayor Fiona Byrne of Marrickville, New South Wales, Australia: "We in South Africa, who both suffered under apartheid and defeated it, have the moral right and responsibility to name and shame institutionalized separation, exclusion, and domination by one ethnic group over others. In my own eyes, I have seen how the Palestinians are oppressed, disposed, and exiled. We call on all our Jewish and Israeli sisters and brothers to oppose the Occupation and work for equality, justice, and peace between the river and the sea in the same way that so many South African whites took risk to oppose the crime of Apartheid." And he conc lude s b y sa ying, "Sometimes taking a public stand for what is ethical and right brings cost, but social justice on a local or global scale requires faith and courage." If there is a skill we all need to acquire as we attempt to move forward in the 21st century, it is the ability to identity and act on an awareness of the links and connections across the range of issues we identify as crucial for democratic agendas today. And so, those of us who call for freedom for Palestine acknowledge the connections between the attacks on the Palestinians in their own country and the racist discourse that relies on unquestioned acceptance of Islamophobia, which in turn is interpreted as necessary for the success of what has been represented as a global war on terror.

And I should point out that I attended a university as an undergraduate which was founded in the same year as the state of Israel, Brandeis University, the majority of whose students were Jewish. And it was there as an undergraduate with my Jewish classmates that I learned how to express solidarity for Palestinian people. I will never forget that. Remember also that, while everyone now praises Nelson Mandela and expresses joy that the people of South Africa were finally able to defeat apartheid, Mandela was not always recognized as this legendary defender of democracy. In fact, he was represented initially as a pariah, as a terrorist. Amnesty International did not initially support him because of his association with Umkhonto we Sizwe. So I want us to recall that history, to think about it in a complicated way, and to be aware of the important role South Africa is playing in calling for the support of the Boycott Divestment and Sanctions movement. And I just want to share with you a very moving statement by Archbishop Tutu, who recently sent a message to the mayor of a town in Australia. The city council of that town decided to divest, and received a great deal of criticism as a result.

Dr. Angela Davis


http://tescdivest.blogspot.com/2012/02/ tesc-commencement-speaker-angeladavis.html

51

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Judith Butlers Remarks to Brooklyn College on BDS


he Boycott Divestment and Sanctions movement is, in fact, a non-violent movement; it seeks to use established legal means to achieve its goals; and it is, interestingly enough, the largest Palestinian civic movement at this time. That means that the largest Palestinian civic movement is a nonviolent one that justifies its actions through recourse to international law. Further, I want to underscore that this is also a movement whose stated core principles include the opposition to every form of racism, including both state-sponsored racism and antiSemitism. Of course, we can debate what anti-Semitism is, in what social and political forms it is found. I myself am sure that the election of selfidentified national socialists to the Greek parliament is a clear sign of anti-Semitism; I am sure that the recirculation of Nazi insignia and rhetoric by the National Party of Germany is a clear sign of anti-Semitism. I am also sure that the rhetoric and actions of Irans Mahmoud Ahmadinejad are often explicitly antiSemitic, and that some forms of Palestinian opposition to Israel do rely on anti-Semitic slogans, falsehoods and threats. All of these forms of anti -Semitism are to be unconditionally opposed. And I would add, they have to be opposed in the same way and with the same tenacity that any form of racism has to be opposed, including state racism One could be for the BDS movement as the only credible non-violent mode of resisting the injustices committed by the state of Israel without falling into the football lingo of being pro

Judith Butler Philosopher and Gender Theorist

Palestine and anti Israel. This language is reductive, if not embarrassing. One might reasonably and passionately be concerned for all the inhabitants of that land, and simply maintain that the future for any peaceful, democratic solution for that region will become thinkable through the dismantling of the occupation, through enacting the equal rights of Palestinian minorities and finding just and plausible ways for the rights of refugees to be honored. If one holds out for these three aims in political life, then one is not simply living within the logic of the pro and the anti, but trying to fathom the conditions for a we, a plural existence grounded in equality. What does one do with ones words but reach for a place beyond war, ask for a new constellation of political life in which the relations of colonial subjugation are brought to a halt. My wager, my hope, is that everyones chance to live with greater freedom from fear and aggression will be increased as those conditions of justice, freedom, and equality are realized. We can or, rather, must start with how we speak, and how we listen, with the right to education, and to dwell critically, fractiously, and freely in political discourse together. Perhaps the word justice will assume new meanings as we speak it, such that we can venture that what will be just for the Jews will also be just for the Palestinians, and for all the other people living there, since justice, when just, fails to discriminate, and we savor that failure.

Judith Butler
http://www.thenation.com/ article/172752/judith-butlersremarks-brooklyn-college-bds

52

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

53

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

My name is Miko Peled


I am an Israeli Jew and I support ASUW resolution 20-39.

violence and discrimination. Vote for divestment and proudly align yourself with the great men like Desmond Tutu, and women like Mairead Maguire who support it.

March 4, 2013

he struggle of blacks in South Africa was destined to succeed, but their suffering could have been shortened, relief for millions of Africans under the brutal apartheid system could have come earlier if it wasn't for politicians like Ronald Regan and Dick Cheney who opposed boycotting the racist regime in South Africa. The regime of segregation in the Southern states of the U.S. was destined to end. But white racist politicians like George Wallace stood in the way and prolonged that suffering. The Palestinian struggle is destined to end in victory with freedom and equal rights for all. Zionism, like apartheid and segregation is sure to fall. You can speed up that process or delay it. When we do not act we prolong the suffering of children in Gaza, children who have no access to water fit for drinking, though there is plenty of water around them; children without proper nutrition or the most basic medicine, though there is no shortage of either just minutes away. When we do not act we prolong the sentence of thousands of political prisoners jailed in Israeli prisons in violation of international law; we prolong the exile of Palestinians living in refugee camps around the Middle East. Will you be the student senate who hesitated when tough and principled choices had to be made? On the issue of justice and freedom there is no room for compromise, no room for tolerance. There must be consequences for regimes and states that choose policies of

Most sincerely yours, Miko Peled

Israeli peace activist, author, and karate instructor. Miko was born in Jerusalem in 1961 into a well known Zionist family. His grandfather, Dr. Avraham Katsnelson was a Zionist leader and signer on the Israeli Declaration of Independence. His father, Matti Peled was a young officer in the war of 1948 and a general in the war of 1967 when Israel conquered the West Bank, Gaza, Golan Heights and the Sinai. He has written one book, The Generals Son: Journey of an Israeli in Palestine.

54

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

55

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Why We, as Women of Color, Join the Call for Divestment from Israel

Justice for Palestine: A Call to Action from Indigenous and Women of Color Feminists
etween June 14 and June 23, 2011, a delegation of 11 scholars, activists, and artists visited occupied Palestine. As indigenous and women of color feminists involved in multiple social justice struggles, we sought to affirm our association with the growing international movement for a free Palestine. We wanted to see for ourselves the conditions under which Palestinian people live and struggle against what we can now confidently name as the Barbara Ransby, Ph.D. Israeli project of apartheid and ethnic cleansing. Each and every Professor, one of usincluding those memGender and Women's Studies, bers of our delegation who grew up African American Studies & in the Jim Crow South, in apartheid History South Africa, and on Indian reservations in the U.S.was shocked University of Illinois at Chicago by what we saw. In this statement we describe some of our experiences and issue an urgent call to others who share our commitment to racial justice, equality, and freedom. During our short stay in Palestine, we met with academics, students, youth, leaders of civic organizations, elected officials, trade unionists, political leaders, artists, and civil society activists, as well as residents of refugee camps and villages that have been recently attacked by Israeli soldiers and settlers. Everyone we encounteredin Nablus, Awarta, Balata,

Jerusalem, Hebron, Dheisheh, Bethlehem, Birzeit, Ramallah, Um el-Fahem, and Haifaasked us to tell the truth about life under occupation and about their unwavering commitment to a free Palestine. We were deeply impressed by peoples insistence on the linkages between the movement for a free Palestine and struggles for justice throughout the world; as Martin Luther King, Jr. insisted throughout his life, Justice is indivisible. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. Traveling by bus throughout the country, we saw vast numbers of Israeli settlements ominously perched in the hills, bearing witness to the systematic confiscation of Palestinian land in flagrant violation of international law and United Nations resolutions. We met with refugees across the country whose families had been evicted from their homes by Zionist forces, their land confiscated, their villages and olive groves razed. As a consequence of this ongoing displacement, Palestinians comprise the largest refugee population in the world (over five million), the majority living within 100 kilometers of their natal homes, villages, and farmlands. In defiance of United Nations Resolution 194, Israel has an active policy of opposing the right of Palestinian refugees to return to their ancestral homes and lands on the grounds that they are not entitled to exercise the Israeli Law of Return, which is reserved for Jews. In Sheikh Jarrah, a neighborhood in eastern occupied Jerusalem, we met an 88-year-old woman who was forcibly evicted in the middle

56

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

of the night; she watched as the Israeli military moved settlers into her house a mere two hours later. Now living in the small back rooms of what was once her large family residence, she defiantly asserted that neither Israels courts nor its military could ever force her from her home. In the city of Hebron, we were stunned by the conspicuous presence of Israeli soldiers, who maintain veritable conditions of apartheid for the citys Palestinian population of almost 200,000, as against its 700 Jewish settlers. We crossed several Israeli checkpoints designed to control Palestinian movement on West Bank roads and along the Green Line. Throughout our stay, we met Palestinians who, because of Israels annexation of Jerusalem and plans to remove its native population, have been denied entry to the Holy City. We spoke to a man who lives ten minutes away from Jerusalem but who has not been able to enter the city for twenty-seven years. The Israeli government thus continues to wage a demographic war for Jewish dominance over the Palestinian population.

their fields and depriving them of their livelihood. In Abu Dis, the wall cuts across the campus of Al Quds University through the soccer field. In Qalqiliya, we saw massive gates built to control the entry and access of Palestinians to their lands and homes, including a gated corridor through which Palestinians with increasingly rare Israeliissued permits are processed as they enter Israel for work, sustaining the very state that has displaced them. Palestinian children are forced through similar corridors, lining-up for hours twice each day to attend school. As one Palestinian colleague put it, Occupied Palestine is the largest prison in the world. An extensive prison system bolsters the occupation and suppresses resistance. Everywhere we went we met people who had either been imprisoned themselves or had relatives who had been incarcerated. Twenty thousand Palestinians are locked inside Israeli prisons, at least 8,000 of them are political prisoners and more than 300 are children. In Jerusalem, we met with members of the Palestinian Legislative Council who are being protected from arrest by the International Committee of the Red Cross. In Um el-Fahem, we met with an Islamist leader just after his release from prison and heard a riveting account of his experience on the Mavi Marmara and the 2010 Gaza Flotilla. The criminalization of their political activity, and that of the many Palestinians we met, was a constant and harrowing theme.

We were never able to escape the jarring sight of the ubiquitous apartheid wall, which stands in contempt of international law and human rights principles. Constructed of twenty-five-foot-high concrete slabs, electrified cyclone fencing, and winding razor wire, it almost completely encloses the West Bank and extends well east of the Green Line marking Israels pre -1967 borders. It snakes its way through ancient olive groves, destroying the beauty of the landscape, dividing communities and We also came to understand how families, severing farmers from overt repression is buttressed by

57

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

deceptive representations of the state of Israel as the most developed social democracy in the region. As feminists, we deplore the Israeli practice of pink-washing, the states use of ostensible support for gender and sexual equality to dress-up its occupation. In Palestine, we consistently found evidence and analyses of a more substantive approach to an indivisible justice. We met the President and the leadership of the Arab Feminist Union and several other womens groups in Nablus who spoke about the role and struggles of Palestinian women on several fronts. We visited one of the oldest womens empowerment centers in Palestine, Inash al-Usra, and learned about various income-generating cultural projects. We also spoke with Palestinian Queers for BDS [Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions], young organizers who frame the struggle for gender and sexual justice as part and parcel of a comprehensive framework for self-determination and liberation. Feminist colleagues at Birzeit University, An-Najah University, and Mada al-Carmel spoke to us about the organic linkage of anti-colonial resistance with gender and sexual equality, as well as about the transformative role Palestinian institutions of higher education play in these struggles. We were continually inspired by the deep and abiding spirit of resistance in the stories people told us, in the murals inside buildings such as Ibdaa Center in Dheisheh Refugee Camp, in slogans painted on the apartheid wall in Qalqiliya, Bethlehem, and Abu Dis, in the education of young children, and in the commitment to emancipatory knowledge production. At our

meeting with the Boycott National Committeean umbrella alliance of over 200 Palestinian civil society organizations, including the General Union of Palestinian Women, the General Union of Palestinian Workers, the Palestinian Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel [PACBI], and the Palestinian Network of NGOswe were humbled by their appeal: We are not asking you for heroic action or to form freedom brigades. We are simply asking you not to be complicit in perpetuating the crimes of the Israeli state. Therefore, we unequivocally endorse the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Campaign. The purpose of this campaign is to pressure Israeli state-sponsored institutions to adhere to international law, basic human rights, and democratic principles as a condition for just and equitable social relations. We reject the argument that to criticize the State of Israel is anti-Semitic. We stand with Palestinians, an increasing number of Jews, and other human rights activists all over the world in condemning the flagrant injustices of the Israeli occupation. We call upon all of our academic and activist colleagues in the U.S. and elsewhere to join us by endorsing the BDS campaign and by working to end U.S. financial support, at $8.2 million daily, for the Israeli state and its occupation. We call upon all people of conscience to engage in serious dialogue about Palestine and to acknowledge connections between the Palestinian cause and other struggles for justice. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.

http://colorlines.com/archives/2011/07/women_of_color_delegation_to_occupied_palestine.html

58

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Signed:

Rabab Abdulhadi, San Francisco State University+


Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies/Race and Resistance Studies and the Senior Scholar of the Arab and Muslim Ethnicities and Diasporas Initiative

Ayoka Chenzira, Atlanta, GA


artist/educator; an award-winning, internationally acclaimed film and video artist; a pioneer in Black independent cinema

Angela Y. Davis, University of California, Santa Cruz+


American political activist, scholar, and author.

Gina Dent, University of California, Santa Cruz+


Associate Professor of Feminist Studies, History of Consciousness, and Legal Studies

G. Melissa Garcia, Ph.D. Candidate, Yale University+


Graduate Student in American Studies

Anna Romina Guevarra, Chicago, IL


Assistant Professor, Sociology and Asian American Studies

Beverly Guy-Sheftall, Atlanta, GA


Beverly Guy-Sheftall is a Black feminist scholar, Anna Julia Cooper Professor of Womens Studies and English at Spelman College, in Atlanta, Georgia.

Premilla Nadasen, New York, NY


Associate Professor of History at Queens College, CUNY

Barbara Ransby, Chicago, IL


Professor of History, African American Studies, and Gender and Womens Studies

Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Syracuse University+


Postcolonial and transnational feminist theorist; professor of Womens and Gender Studies, Sociology, and the Cultural Foundations of Education

Waziyatawin, University of Victoria+


Dakota writer, teacher, and activist from the Pezihutazizi Otunwe (Yellow Medicine Village) in southwestern Minnesota.

+For identification purposes only

59

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

A letter from Cornel West


To the University of Arizona, in support of Divestment

28 April 2011
Dear University of Arizona Community,

especially for the youth who are engaged in one of the most important struggles of our timethe right to education. I was glad to hear of the Right to Education tour that my brothers and sisters in Jewish

y visit to your university in Tucson earlier this month filled me with utmost joy and reverence,

Dr. Cornel West


American philosopher, academic, activist, author, public intellectual, and prominent member of the Democratic Socialists of America.

Voice for Peace (JVP) are organizing around the nation at this moment. I was similarly delighted to hear that one of the tour engagements would follow my own talk and focus on globalizing a preservation and defense of Ethnic Studies. Arizona is the epicenter of the struggle for human rightsespecially educational rights. I anticipated that the JVP event at your university last Thursday would be just as inspiring as the one in which I had the honor to participate and was thrilled to find out the outcome. At this event brave Ethnic Studies youth activists in Arizona exchanged their experiences, triumphs and tribulations with strong Palestinian youth who live a world apart yet whose struggles are intertwined. The international fight for education comes from the same deep place of drawing on cultural and historical knowledge to build a better world for our precious children. After all, Ethnic studies is integral to education, particularly through its quality of instilling self-confidence in students who can find out whats possible in life by learning about what their own people and ancestors achieved through decades of struggling through adversity.

60

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Today, these youth are taking education into their own hands, pulling from the immeasurable wisdom of their ancestors. Ethnic Studiesfrom Arizona to Palestineis about the quest for truth, from the standpoint of the weak and the vulnerable who are rising up to speak, to educate, to struggle and to build justice from the ground up. The intercontinental meeting that took place on your campus between these courageous youth held true to its promise and was a profound demonstration of love. Bold Arizona youth who are fending off attacks on their cherished Ethnic Studies in an environment of racism and hostility; courageous Palestinian youth who aim to preserve and defend their own fragile Ethnic Studies from the violent, cultural destruction of a vicious, 44-year Israeli occupationan occupation whose length continually represses the memory of a peaceful time. But in recognizing the obstacles and praising those struggling to overcome them, we would be remiss not to attempt to trace the origins of this treachery targeting our youths future. Attacks on education are big business. Greed is amuck in Arizona and in occupied Palestine. U.S. corporations like Caterpillar and Motorolaand others especially in the prison-Industrial complexcontinue to profit from the suffering of peoples who seek dignity and self-determination in Arizona. Similar corporations profit from the misery of occupied and distressed peoples in Palestine. These corporations should not be profiting from Palestinian suffering under occupation; they should not be profiting from immigrant and indigenous suffering and youth cultural censorship in Arizona and nationwide. Like my brother Desmond Tutu wrote in his recent letter to your community, I also support your institutions divestment from corporations which shamefully engage in criminal activities, from racist-ridden Arizona to the Israelioccupied West Bank and Gaza. It is worth pointing out that both Caterpillar and Motorola are involved with a leading pension fund for

educators, TIAA-CREF, which is the focus of Jewish Voice for Peace in the Right to Education tour and part of a noble campaign urging the fund to divest from these corporations. Powerful social movements such as the one that helped end South African apartheid have shown that when world governments fail to enforce the rule of law, international civil community must arise to meet the challenge of upholding fundamental human rights and securing justice. Ethnic studies youth activists and groups like Jewish Voice for Peace are doing just that. As Tutu and many others point out in the case of the Palestiniansas well as that of Latina/o immigrants and indigenous peoples in the U.S.the tactic of Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) is an effectively nonviolent means of exerting moral and economic pressures to end unjust policies, from racial profiling to repressive laws, to foreign occupation and land settlement. Perhaps the most vulnerable right in these situations is the right of education, because of the endangered cultural future it represents. Those in the United States and Israel who hold the levers of power and influence over such policies must be beckoned to the negotiating table so that vulnerable peoples can anticipate a peaceful future through living a just and honorable peace. A decent education cannot be limited to tolerating youth accessing their ethnic and cultural history but must be about facilitating their right to do so, without the hindrance of state or corporate exploiters. The late Edward Said liked to quote the marvelous Martiniquan poet, Aim Csaire, who urged us to remember that there is room for everyone at the rendezvous of victorywhere all of us and our children can harmonize our lives together in universal humanity and mutual love.

Sincerely, Cornel West

61

A Resolution to Divest

ASUW 2014

Petition in Support of Ethical Divestment


e, UW students, faculty, staff and community members support recent efforts of students and faculty at other colleges and universities to urge their institutions not to invest in companies that profit from the Israeli occupation of Palestine. We sign our support towards efforts at the University of Washington and elsewhere that seek to lessen our financial complicity in the abuse of international law and human rights.

536 signatures
as of May 1, 2014
To add your signature to the petition, visit

superuw.org/support-uw-divestment/

62

A Resolution to Divest from Companies Profiting from Violations of International Law and Human Rights ASUW 2014 IN the spirit of transparency, ethical investment, a belief in human rights and the power and responsibility of students and educational institutions to effect real change, students of conscience present this resolution: WHEREAS, the state of Israel, in its ongoing occupation of Palestinian landsi, violates International Law and Human Rights through practices including, but not limited to: (a) the construction of a Separation Wallii that annexes Palestinian lands, isolates Palestinian communities and restricts Palestinian access to basic necessities including wateriii, healthcare, education, and employment opportunitiesiv;
(b) the building and maintenance of Israeli settlements as permanent cities and towns on

land seized from Palestinians in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem, in contradiction of the Fourth Geneva Convention and the Hague Regulationsv, (c) the destruction of Palestinian homesvi and the forced relocation of Palestinian familiesvii; (d) the disparate and unequal treatment of Palestinian citizens of Israelviii, (e) the blockade of the Gaza Strip in a manner that completely controls the movement of all people and property into and out of the Gaza Strip, by air, sea, and land and denies the people of Gaza basic shelter, essential medicines, adequate food, clean water, and the normal infrastructure of a civilized societyix; (f) multiple military offensives including Operation Cast Lead in 2008, which violated a negotiated ceasefirex and killed 1,400 people including 320 Palestinian childrenxi, and Operation Pillar of Defense in 2012 which killed 167 Palestinians, including 32 children and adolescentsxii WHEREAS, international corporations have been complicit in these ongoing human rights violations systematically committed by the Israeli government, as has been documented by human rights organizations including Who Profits, Coalition of Women for Peace, Amnesty International, Al-Haq, Defense for Children International, B'tselem, and the Israeli Coalition Against House Demolitions.

WHEREAS, in 2005, in response to such violations, 171 Palestinian civil society organizations called upon the international community to stand in solidarity with the people of Palestine by supporting Boycotts, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS)xiii of the state of Israel until the Israeli government complies with International Law by: 1. Ending its occupation and colonization of all Arab lands and dismantling the Wall. 2. Recognizing the fundamental rights of the Arab-Palestinian citizens of Israel to full equality; and 3. Respecting, protecting and promoting the rights of Palestinian refugees to return to their homes and properties as stipulated in UN resolution 194xiv. WHEREAS, divestment is a nonviolent strategy employed by universitiesxv, religious organizationsxvi, and civil societyxvii organizations around the world to pressure corporations to withdraw from business profiting from violations of International Law and Human Rightsxviii by withdrawing our implicit consent granted to such violations by investment in their company. WHEREAS, in Spring 2010 The Evergreen State College student body passedby a majority of 79%xixa resolution calling for divestment from companies complicit in the illegal Israeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories, in part as a response to the killing of Evergreen student, Rachel Corrie, who was crushed to death by a Caterpillar bulldozer operated by the Israeli army in 2003, as she was undertaking non-violent action to protect the home of a Palestinian family from destruction. WHEREAS, a percentage of The Evergreen State College endowment holdings are housed within the UW Consolidated Endowment Fund, meaning Evergreen is unable to fully act on this call for divestment until the University of Washington also acts. WHEREAS, Caterpillar knowinglyxx sells bulldozers specifically designed for the Israeli Army that are armored and weaponized by the companys sole representative in Israel and are systematically used in the demolition of Palestinian homes and civilian infrastructure and in military attacks on civilians.xxi WHEREAS, in addition to Caterpillar Inc, the following illustrative and non-exhaustive list of companies are knowingly and directly complicit in ongoing human rights violations: Northrop Grummanxxii, Hewlett-Packardxxiii, Motorola Solutions,xxiv G4S,xxv Elbit Systems,xxvi and Veolia Environnement;xxvii WHEREAS, the University of Washingtons vision states We are compassionate and committed to the active pursuit of global engagement and connectednessWe embrace our role to foster engaged and responsible citizenship as part of the learning experience of our students, faculty and staff.

WHEREAS, the University of Washington takes pride in a history of student activism against injustice, including divesting from South African Apartheid and genocide in Sudan. WHEREAS, the Associated Students of the University of Washington passed resolution R-1819xxviii stating THAT, the ASUW solely supports the investment of university money in firms that are socially responsible; and THAT, the ASUW take steps to create a position or committee that will work with the UW Treasury office to make recommendations on socially responsible investment activity;

** BE IT RESOLVED BY THE ASSOCIATED STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON: ** THAT, the ASUW requests the University of Washington to examine its financial assets to identify its investments in companies that provide equipment or services used to directly maintain, support, or profit from the Israeli occupation of Palestinian land, including a) the demolition of Palestinian homes and the development of illegal Israeli settlements; b) the building or maintenance of the Separation wall, outposts, and segregated roads and transportation systems on occupied Palestinian territory, and c) illegal use of weaponry and surveillance technology by the Israeli military against Palestinian civilian populations, and that those findings be shared with the ASUW. THAT, the ASUW requests the University of Washington to instruct its investment managers to divest from those companies meeting such criteria within the bounds of their fiduciary duties until such companies cease the practices identified in this Resolution. THAT, the ASUW calls on the University of Washington to demonstrate its alignment with the principles of international law, human rights, and student interests by announcing its intent to divest its endowment from CATERPILLAR Inc. as a first measure. Further, THAT, the ASUW calls on the University of Washington to work with the Evergreen State College to implement the divestment resolution passed in 2010 as it pertains to the Evergreen State College Foundation holdings housed within the UW Consolidated Endowment Fund. Finally, THAT, a copy of the resolution be forwarded to UW President Michael Young; UW Provost Ana Mari Cauce; Faculty Senate Chair John M Lee; the UW Board of Regents; GPSS President Chris Lizotte; ASUW President Michael Kutz; ASUW Director of University Affairs Jeffrey McNerney; Editor-in-Chief of The Daily Joshua Bessex; and the 2014-2015 ASUW leadership.

Occupation and International Humanitarian Law: Questions and Answers International Committee of the Red Cross. http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/634kfc.htm ii Humanitarian Impact of the Barrier United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palistinian territory (OCHAoPT). 2012. http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_barrier_factsheet_july_2012_english.pdf The construction of the wall being built by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, inclu ding in and around East erusalem, and its associated r gime, are contrary to international law. Legal Conse uences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Re uest for advisory opinion).; Legal Conse uences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory International Court of ustice 2004. http://www.icjcij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf iii Israeli Human Rights Organization BTselem compiled information on distribution of water resources reports the une ual distribution of water: Israelis receive an unlimited water supply, Palestinians receive only about 75% of the stipulated uota; Palestinians currently have access to less than the WHO a nd USAID recommendation of 100 liters of water per person per day. http://www.btselem.org/water/discrimination_in_water_supply See also page 17 of Report of the independent international fact-finding mission to investigate the implications of the Israeli settlements on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East erusalem prepar e for presentation to the 22nd Session of the Human Rights Council, March 2013. http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session19/FFM/FFMSettlements.pdf iv Movement and Access in the West Bank OCHAoPT September 2011. http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_MovementandAccess_FactSheet_September_2011.pdf Question of the Violation of Human Rights in the Occupied Arab Territories, Including Palestine. United Nations General Assembly, 59th Session. 12 Aug 2004. Page 16. http://www.refworld.org/docid/4267b5d14.html Freedom of MovementGaza blockade and West Bank restrictions Amnesty International Annual Report 2013 https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-2013#section-14-3 As Btselem explains, Freedom of movement is also important because it is a prere uisite for the exercise of other rights, which are set forth in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Among these are the right to work (Article 6), the right to an adequate standard of living (Article 11), the right to health (Article 12), the right to education (Article 13), and the right to protection of family life (Article 10). http://www.btselem.org/freedom_of_movement; link to the International Coveneant cited: http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=3ae6b36c0. v Below are links to relevant international law and humanitarian organizations on why settlements are illegal. International humanitarian law makes clear that occupation must only be temporary. Israeli settlements are in direct violation of this principle in International law: Article 49 of the 4th Geneva Convention forbids an occupier from transferring its own civilians into the territory it occupies; Article 55 of the Hague Regulations states the occupying power must safeguard occupied properties and maintain the status quo; Article 43 of the Hague Regulations states that the occupying power must uphold order and safety while respecting the laws of the occupied country. Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention: http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/c525816bde96b7fd41256739003e636a/77068f12b8857c4dc12563cd0051bdb0?OpenDoc ument Article 55 of the Hague Regulations: http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/WebART/195-200065?OpenDocument Article 43 of the Hague Regulations: http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/b0d5f4c1f4b8102041256739003e6366/3741eab8e36e9274c12563cd00516894?OpenDoc ument The Humanitarian Impact of Israeli Settlement Policies. OCHAoPt anuary 2012. http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_settlements_FactSheet_January_2012_english.pdf On the Brink. Oxfam Briefing Paper. 2002. Web < oxfram.org> http://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/bp160-jordan-valley-settlements-050712-en_1.pdf

vi

As Safe as Houses: Israels Demolition of Palestinian Homes Amnesty International 2010. http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE15/006/2010; Amnesty Internationals 2013 Annual Report on Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories records the demolition of 604 structures, including approximately 200 homes, and resulting in the forced eviction of some 870 Palestinians. https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-2013#section14-4 https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-2013#section-14-4 Halper, eff. Appendix 1 House Demolitions in the Occupied Territories since 1967. An Israeli in Palestine: Resisting Dispossession, Redeeming Israel. 2010. 301-3. vii Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949. http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/385ec082b509e76c41256739003e636d/6756482d86146898c125641e004aa3c5 Data on displacement of Palestinians: Displacement Trends. Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions. Accessed April 12, 2014. http://www.icahd.org/displacement-trends. As of 2013, UNRWA reports 4,976,920 registered refugees in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. http://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/unrwa_in_figures_new2014_10nov2014.pdf. viii The Ine uality Report: the Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel. Adalah: The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights. March 2011. http://adalah.org/upfiles/2011/Adalah_The_Inequality_Report_March_2011.pdf 2011-12 Israeli legislation codifying discrimination against Arab, Palestinian, and Bedouin citizens of Israel: http://adalah.org/Public/files/English/Legal_Advocacy/Discriminatory_Laws/Discriminatory-Laws-in-IsraelOctober-2012-Update.pdf Identity cards in Israel do not include the category of Israeli, but instead list http://www.timesofisrael.com/supreme-court-rules-israeli-ethnicity-doesnt-exist/ ix Locked In: The Humanitarian Impact of Two Years of Blockade on the Gaza Strip. Ofce for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 2009. http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/Ocha_opt_Gaza_impact_of_two_years_of_blockade_August_2009_english.pdf The Gaza Strip: The Impact of Movement Restrictions on People and Goods OCHAoPt, uly 2013. http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_blockade_factsheet_july_2013_english.pdf Israel/OPT:Gaza power crisis has compounded blockades assault on human dignity Amnesty International, 1 December 2013. http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/israelopt-gaza-power-crisis-has-compounded-blockade-s-assaulthuman-dignity-2013-11-29 The Siege on Gaza BTselem, 1 anuary 2011. http://www.btselem.org/printpdf/107944 Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories: The Conflict in Gaza: A Briefing on Applicable Law, Investigations and Accountability. Amnesty International. anuary 19, 2009. http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE15/007/2009/en/4dd8f595-e64c-11dd-9917ed717fa5078d/mde150072009en.pdf x The Institute for Middle East Understanding on the end of the cease-fire and the beginning of Operation Cast Lead http://imeu.net/news/article0021968.shtml; IMEU cites the Guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/05/israelandthepalestinians xi Israel/Gaza: Operation Cast Lead: 22 Days of Death and Destruction Amnesty International, 2009. https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE15/015/2009/en/8f299083-9a74-4853-860f0563725e633a/mde150152009en.pdf Operation Cast Lead, 27 Dec. 08to 18 an. 09 BTselem, 1 anuary 2011. http://www.btselem.org/gaza_strip/castlead_operation xii Human Rights Council Report to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 6 March 2013. http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session22/A.HRC.22.35.Add.1_AV.pdf Human Rights Violations during Operation Pillar of Defense. Btselem report. 9 May 2013. http://www.btselem.org/download/201305_pillar_of_defense_operation_eng.pdf xiii The Palestinian Call for BDS: http://www.bdsmovement.net/call xiv Resolution 194. United Nations General Assembly. December 11, 1948. http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/C758572B78D1CD0085256BCF0077E51A xv Universities which divestment from Apartheid South Africa: http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=32-130-E6E (see PDF linked on website).

xvi

American Friends Service Committee: https://afsc.org/resource/afscs-israel-palestine-investment-screen-and-tiaacref-divestment-campaign#AFSCScreen Friends Fiduciary Committee: http://quakerpi.org/news/divest.html Mennonite Central Committee, US: http://www.mcc.org/stories/news/mcc-us-board-acts-peace-through-itsinvestments Presbyterian Church, USA: http://www.pcusa.org/news/2010/7/6/committee-recommends-denouncing-caterpillaraction/ United Methodist Church: https://www.kairosresponse.org/UMKR_PR_AC_Action2013.html and http://www.rabbisletter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/CATEPILLAR1.pdf
xvii

Civil and other organizations who have divested from the business supporting and profiting from the occupation: http://imeu.net/news/article0019584.shtml#KeySuccessesCivil xviii Report of the independent international fact-finding mission to investigate the implications of the Israeli settlements on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East erusalem prepare for presentation to t he 22nd Session of the Human Rights Council, March 2013. Page 19. http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session19/FFM/FFMSettlements.pdf xix The Evergreen State College Divestment Resolution and results http://tescdivest.blogspot.com/p/resolutions.html; xx In May, 2004, Jean Ziegler, UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food addressed a letter to James Own, CEO of Caterpillar Inc. regarding the actions of the Israeli occupying forces in Rafah and in other locations in Gaz a and the West Bank, using armored bulldozers supplied by your company [CAT] to destroy agricultural farms, greenhouses, ancient olive groves and agricultural fields planted with crops, as well as numerous Palestinian homes and sometimes human lives, including that of the American peace activist, Rachel Corrie. http://www.catdestroyshomes.org/downloads/Caterpillar_HighCommissioner.pdf. In a 2004 report on Israel and the Occupied Territories House Demolition and Destruction of Land and Property Amnesty International recommends Caterpillar Inc to take measures that its bulldozers are not used to commit human rights violations (Recommendation 30) and to take stringent measures to prevent any products or service which they produce or supply from being used to commit violations of international human rights or humanitarian law in compliance with the UN Human Rights Norms for Business, including the stipulation that business (Amnesty International Recommendation 31). The full Amnesty International report: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE15/033/2004/en/24cc1bb1-d5f6-11dd-bb241fb85fe8fa05/mde150332004en.html UN Guidelines on Cooperation between the United Nations and the Business Community, Issued by the SecretaryGeneral of the United Nations 17 July 2000: http://www.un.org/partners/business/otherpages/guide.htm
xxii

Eden, Paul, ed. "Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye, Eyes of the fleet". Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft. Amber Books, 2004 xxiii Technologies of Control: The Case of Hewlett Packard (HP). Who Profits: The Israeli Occupation Industry. Coalition of Women for Peace, Feb 2010. http://www.whoprofits.org/HP xxiv Motorola Israel. Coalition of Women for Peace http://whoprofits.org/company/motorola-solutions-israel xxv The case of G4S: Private Security Companies and the Israeli Occupation. Coalition of Women for Peace: The Israeli Occupation Industry. March 2011. http://www.whoprofits.org/g4s_report xxvi Elbit Systems. Who Profits? http://www.whoprofits.org/company/elbit -systems xxvii Veolia Environnement. Who Profits? http://www.whoprofits.org/company/veolia -environnement xxviii ASUW Resolution R-18-19, 2012 http://depts.washington.edu/asuwsen/aero/legislations/view/656

You might also like