CASE STUDY: ENERGY CONSERVATION IN FLUID MACHINE A pumping system is designed to supply water at a rate of 3.

0 m 3/min through a 15 cm diameter, 24 m length pipeline. The total static head is m and the system incorporates a glo!e "al"e for flow controlling. The friction factor for the flow through the pipe could !e considered as a constant at 0.00# and the sum of the coefficient of fluid resistances $% factors& of pipe fittings is found to !e 34.0 $without the glo!e "al"e&. 'ou may use the following e(uations for energy losses with usual notations) V 2 L V 2
hf = 4f 1 and de 2g hlocal = K 2g .

$a&

A particular pump selected for the a!o"e flow system has the performance characteristics as gi"en in *igure 1. The rated speed of the pump is 1500 rpm. $i& +dentify the !est operating point of the pump, the corresponding ma,imum efficiency and the pump category. $ii& -etermine the operating point of the pump and the corresponding efficiency, when it is installed in the system with the glo!e "al"e at its fully open position. $iii& The re(uired flow rate is o!tained !y controlling the glo!e "al"e position. -etermine the position of the glo!e "al"e to !e set and the corresponding electric power re(uirement for pumping. $i"& +f the a"erage annual operating hours of the system is 3200, estimate the annual cost of electricity. Ta.e cost of unit of electricity as 10 /s/.0h.
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

% y c i f E n ) m ( d a e H

0 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 Flow Ra e (m3!")

Figure 1: Performa !e !"ara!#eri$#i!$ of #"e %um%

$!&

+t is noticed that a set of smaller, identical pumps is a"aila!le in the stores, which could !e used in place of the pump in part $a& a!o"e. The performance characteristics of the smaller pumps are gi"en in *igure 2. $i& +dentify the connecting configuration and the minimum num!er of pumps re(uired for the application. 'ou may assume that the total load characteristic of the system does not change due to the replacement. $ii& 2stimate the electric power re(uirement for the pumping in the new figuration. $iii& 2stimate the annual cost of electricity. 3i"e your opinion on the replacement.
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

% y c i f E n ) m ( d a e H

0 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 Flow Ra e (m3!")

Figure &: Performa !e !"ara!#eri$#i!$ of #"e $e!o ' $e# of %um%$ $c& Another alternati"e flow control method is the use of "aria!le speed dri"e $45-& with the original pump. $i& 2stimate the speed of the original pump that should !e set through 45- for the application. 'ou may use the pump similarity laws 3 2 2 3 5 N 2 D2 Q2 N 2 D2 H 2 P2 2 N 2 D2 = = 1 N and P = . Q1 N1 1 1 N 1 D1 D1 H 1 1 D1 $ii& 6alculate the electric power re(uirement for the pumping with this set7up with the glo!e "al"e at its fully open position. 6ompare the percentage energy sa"ing potential of 45- with relation to the pre"ious two set7ups. $iii& +f the additional in"estment cost in"ol"ed with the 45- is /s. 225,000, estimate the pay!ac. period. 8eglect maintenance costs. 'ou may use suita!le parameters needed for the financial analysis. 3i"e your recommendation on the use of 46-. $i"& +s there any other alternati"e method that could !e more cost effecti"e9
2