E2

LOAD TEST ON SINGLE CYLINDER 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE (KIRLOSKAR)

AIM: To conduct load test (Constant speed characteristics) on Single cylinder 4S Diesel Engine with rope brake dynamometer and to plot the following Characteristic Curves. 1. Brake power (B.P) Vs T.F.C (total fuel consumption) 2. B.P Vs S.F.C (Specific fuel consumption) 3. B.P Vs M.E (Mechanical efficiency) 4. B.P Vs B.T.E (brake thermal efficiency) 5. B.P Vs I.T.E (indicated thermal efficiency) 6. B.P. vs. volumetric efficiency SPECIFICATIONS: B.H.P = 5H.P R.P.M = 1500 Diameter of piston =87.5mm Length of stroke = 110mm Diameter of brake drum (D) =300mm Rope diameter (d) =32mm Orifice Diameter =20 mm

PRECAUTIONS 1. Fuel and lubricating oil are checked and if needed they are to be supplied. 2. Cooling water inlet and outlet for engine jacket and brake drum should be opened. 3. Engine should be started and stopped with no load. 4. De-compression liver should be engaged before cranking.

THEORY: (1) Output Power or Brake Power

Torque, ( Where = Speed of the engine in rpm, )

= = =

Weight in kg, spring balance reading (kg) (Radius of the brake drum +1/2 the dia of rope) in meters.

Time for

cc fuel consumption =

(sec)

(2) Total fuel consumption

Where v = volume of fuel consumption in m3 (3) Specific fuel consumption

for time tm,

(4) Indicated Power, Where

I.P

B.P + F.P

F.P is the Frictional Power obtained from the characteristic plot (TFC Vs B.P). (5) Mechanical efficiency,

(5) Input Power (Heat energy Input),

Calorific value ( (6) Brake thermal efficiency,

) of diesel = 46057kJ/kg.

(7) Indicated thermal efficiency,

(8) Volumetric efficiency

Hw (a)

Manometer reading (h1-h2) ,

Actual volume of air taken in, ( where a= area of orifice)

(b)

Theoretical volume

k= for 4 stroke engine, 1 for 2 stroke engine n = no of cylinders

Volumetric efficiency,

),

PROCEDURE Before starting the engine maximum load that can be applied on the engine is calculated using the formula

Torque, T ( ( ) )

Start the engine at no load condition. Fuel supply is switched on and the decompression lever is engaged. The engine is started by manual cranking. Then the time taken for 10c.c of fuel consumption is noted at no load. And level difference in the water manometer is noted. Initial load is applied at the end of the hook in the rope. Note the spring dial reading. Repeat the experiment up to maximum load. Then the engine is stopped by cutting the fuel supply.

CALCULATIONS:

CHARACTERISTIC CURVES

RESULT:

INFERENCE:

E3

LOAD TEST ON TWO CYLINDER 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE (USHA)

AIM: To conduct load test (Constant speed characteristics) on Twin cylinder 4S Diesel Engine with hydraulic dynamometer and to plot the following Characteristic Curves. 1. Brake power (B.P) Vs T.F.C (total fuel consumption) 2. B.P Vs S.F.C (Specific fuel consumption) 3. B.P Vs M.E (Mechanical efficiency) 4. B.P Vs B.T.E (brake thermal efficiency) 5. B.P Vs I.T.E (indicated thermal efficiency) 6. B.P. vs. volumetric efficiency SPECIFICATIONS: Engine make: USHA B.H.P = 10H.P R.P.M = 1500 No. of cylinders = 2 Compression ratio = 17.5:1 Bore =87.5mm Stroke = 110mm Arm length of hydraulic dynamometer = 320 mm Orifice Diameter =20 mm

PRECAUTIONS 1. Fuel and lubricating oil are checked and if needed they are to be supplied. 2. Cooling water inlet and outlet for engine jacket and brake drum should be opened. 3. Engine should be started and stopped with no load. 4. De-compression liver should be engaged before cranking.

THEORY: (1) Output Power or Brake Power

Torque,

Where = = = = Speed of the engine in rpm, Hydraulic Dynamometer reading spring balance reading (kg) Arm length of hydraulic dynamometer = 320 mm

Time for v cc fuel consumption =

(sec)

(2) Total fuel consumption

Where v = volume of fuel consumption in m3

for time tm,

(3) Specific fuel consumption

(4) Indicated Power, Where

I.P

B.P + F.P

F.P is the Frictional Power obtained from the characteristic plot (TFC Vs B.P). (5) Mechanical efficiency,

(5) Input Power (Heat energy Input),

Calorific value ( (6) Brake thermal efficiency,

) of diesel = 46057kJ/kg.

(7) Indicated thermal efficiency,

(8) Volumetric efficiency

Hw (a)

Manometer reading (h1-h2)

Actual volume of air taken in, ( where a= area of orifice)

(b)

Theoretical volume ( ) k= for 4 stroke engine, 1 for 2 stroke engine n = no of cylinders

Volumetric efficiency,

),

PROCEDURE Before starting the engine maximum load that can be applied on the engine is calculated using the formula

Torque, T

( ) Start the engine at no load condition. Fuel supply is switched on and the decompression lever is engaged. The engine is started by manual cranking. Then the time taken for 10c.c of fuel consumption is noted at no load. And level difference in the water manometer is noted. Initial load is applied at the end of the hook in the rope. Note the spring dial reading. Repeat the experiment up to maximum load. Then the engine is stopped by cutting the fuel supply.

CALCULATIONS:

CHARACTERISTIC CURVES RESULT: INFERENCE: