ABSTRACT

This report covers the basis and design of the wireless battery charger. The wireless charger will convert the RF/ microwave signal at 900 MHz fre !ency into a "# signal$ and then store the power into an %%% battery. The pro&ect is divided into ' parts( transmitter$ antenna$ and charging circ!it. % complete disc!ssion of the specifications of the battery charger is provided after data meas!rements. This report also incl!des component list$ financial$ data res!lts$ and other )ey information.

INTRODUCTION
*ortable electronic devices are very pop!lar nowadays. %s the !sage of these portable electronic devices is increasing$ the demands for longer battery life are also increasing. These batteries need to be recharged or replaced periodically. +t is a hassle to charge or change the battery after a while$ especially when there is no power o!tlet aro!nd. Therefore$ o!r team is inspired to design a wireless battery charger. This wireless battery charger is e,pected to eliminate all the hassles with today-s battery technology. %s for now$ there are no )nown companies that are developing the wireless battery charger. This means that there might be a good opport!nity in the mar)et for this type of prod!ct. Moreover$ people tend to spend more money for convenience that meets the price. The o!tloo) of this device is s!pported by the above predictions. +t wo!ld be convenient not having to worry abo!t charging or changing the batteries and still have a wor)ing device. The advantage of this device is that it can wirelessly charge !p the batteries which can save time and money in a long r!n for the general p!blic. .ase on this concept$ the design team has come !p with a new way to charge the batteries wirelessly. The pro&ect is to ma)e a prototype device that converts microwave signals to "# power. /nce the prototype has been proved to be wor)ing$ it is possible to implement this prototype into other applications s!ch as in television remote control$ fire alarm$ cloc)$ and places that are far to reach to change battery.

DESIGN OVERVIEW
This wireless battery charger is designed to operate at 900 MHz. +n this pro&ect$ a power transmitter acts as the power so!rce. +t will transmit power to the receiver side. %nd then$ the rectifier circ!it in the receiver will convert the RF/ microwave signal into "# signal. %fter the "# signal is prod!ced$ the charging circ!it will store the power into the battery. Here is the bloc) diagram of the overall design.

Figure 1: The overall wireless a!!er" #harger $esig%

ENGINEERING &ROCEDURE
A' Tra%s(i!!er

Figure ): Blo#* Diagra( o+ !he Tra%s(i!!er

Figure ,: -.. /01 Vi$eo2Au$io Tra%s(i!!er

0ince the gro!p does not design the transmitter$ therefore the design is mainly foc!s on the receiver side. % power transmitter is bo!ght from a commercial website. +t is a 900 MHz video/a!dio transmitter. Here-s the specification of the transmitter1. *ower( /!tp!t *ower( /perating Fre !ency( #onnector Type( /!tp!t +mpedance( 234 "#$ 900 m% ' 5atts 900 MHz 0M% 6 Female 70 8

B' A%!e%%a
The antenna plays a very important role. To charge a battery$ a high "# power signal is needed. The wireless battery charger circ!it m!st )eep the power loss to the minimal. Therefore$ there are many considerations to choose the correct parts for the design. The considerations of choosing the appropriate antenna are( 2. +mpedance of the antenna 3. 9ain of the antenna Ta)ing the above design spec in consideration$ the team fo!nd :agi antennas that fit o!r spec. .elow is a pict!re of the :agi antenna.

Figure 3: A 4i#!ure o+ !he - $Bi gai% 5agi a%!e%%a The impedance of the antenna sho!ld match with the o!tp!t impedance of the power transmitter and inp!t impedance of the rectifier circ!it. ;on<matching impedance between circ!its can ca!se a tremendo!s power loss d!e to signal distortion. 0ince the o!tp!t impedance of the transmitter is 70 8$ the antenna sho!ld also have 70 8 impedance. The higher of the antenna gain yields a better res!lt of the design. However$ higher gain will also increase the cost and the size of the antenna. This becomes a ma&or factor in choosing the antenna d!e to the gro!p-s limited financial reso!rces. %fter consideration$ a 9 d.i :agi antenna is chosen for the design =see %ppendi, for specifications>

C' Re#eiver
The receiver-s main p!rpose is to charge an %%% battery. % simple battery charging theory is to r!n c!rrent thro!gh the battery$ and apply a voltage difference between the terminals of the battery to reverse the chemical process. .y doing so$ it recharges the battery. There are other efficient and faster ways to charge the battery$ b!t it re !ires a large amo!nt of energy which the wireless battery charger can not obtain$ yet. Therefore$ in o!r design$ we !se a straight forward method to charge the battery. Microwave signal is an %# signal with a fre !ency range of 2 9Hz 6 2000 9Hz. 900 MHz is in between the RF/ Microwave range. ;o matter how high the fre !ency is$ %# signal is still %# signal. Therefore$ the signal can also be treated as a low fre !ency %# signal. +n order to get a "# signal o!t of the %# signal$ a rectifier circ!it is needed.

Figure 6: Full7wave Re#!i+ier Cir#ui!

% f!ll<wave rectifier is chosen for the pro&ect d!e to its simplicity and efficiency in converting the %# signal. The f!ll<wave rectifier is consisted of fo!r diodes. 0ince the power received by the receiver will be relatively low and the signal fre !ency is high$ the diodes are re !ired to have a very low t!rn on voltage and operating fre !ency at 900 MHz. For this reason$ a 0chott)y diode by 0)ywor)s is chosen for the design. =0M0'939<032 .ridge ?!ad 0chott)y "iode> %t the o!tp!t of the rectifier$ the signal is not a f!lly "# signal yet. Th!s$ by adding a capacitor and a resistor can smooth o!t the o!tp!t to become "# signal. However$ the time constant prod!ced by the capacitor and the resistor sho!ld be calc!lated caref!lly to fit the desired time constant.

T0E FINA8 DESIGN CIRCUIT The final design of the wireless battery charger consists of( these ma&or components( 2. Transmitter 3. :agi antennas '. F!ll<wave rectifier circ!it @. R# circ!it 7. .attery holder

Figure 1): A 4i#!ure o+ !he !ra%s(i!!er wi!h !he 5agi a%!e%%a

Figure 1,: A 4i#!ure o+ !he +i%al $esig% #ir#ui! o+ !he #hargi%g #ir#ui!

The inp!t impedance of the !ad bridge rectifier diode is non<linear. .ased on the +<4 c!rve of a diode$ the impedance of a t!rned<on diode is relatively high. The data sheet does not provide the +<4 c!rve data$ th!s the gro!p ass!me that the impedance of the rectifier is very high. Therefore$ the width of inp!t transmission line is getting thinner as it gets closer to the inp!t rectifier. The length and the shape of the transmission line need to be considered. The length of the transmission line has to be appro,imately a !arter wave of the wavelength. The shape of the transmission line needs to be as smooth as possible to avoid power loss. /!r design !ses a circ!lar shape and gives !s the best res!lts.

CONC8USION
+n concl!sion$ power loss and efficiency are the ma&or problems for this design pro&ect. /!r design team has noticed the potential problem whether the converted "# power will be significant eno!gh to charge !p the battery. Therefore$ the characteristics of the diodes sho!ld be mo!nted directly onto the antenna for minim!m power dissipation. +n addition to harmonics$ the nonlinear diode creates a "#<bias in the resonant circ!it which can be e,tracted witho!t affecting the RF/ microwave characteristics of the resonant circ!it. The time varying voltage and c!rrent relationship at the physical point of the diode in the cavity determines the loss in the diode and$ conse !ently$ the RF/ microwave to "# efficiency. %s the wireless technology is getting pop!lar nowadays$ the demand of battery is also increasing. The battery needs to be recharged or changed event!ally. Therefore o!r team is inspired to design the wireless battery charger. This wireless battery charger will eliminate all the hassle with the battery. %s for now$ there are no )nown companies which develop the wireless battery charger. This means that the opport!nity is very big. %lso$ people tend to spend more money for convenience. +t gives more reason that this device will have a very good mar)et.