Oasys Pile

Copyright Oasys 2013

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hile every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it. !n no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document. This document has been created to provide a guide for the use of the software. !t does not provide engineering advice, nor is it a substitute for the use of standard references. The user is deemed to be conversant with standard engineering terms and codes of practice. !t is the users responsibility to validate the program for the proposed design use and to select suitable input data.

Printed" November #$%&

Contents

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Introduction Pile Analysis Methods Pile User Interface Pile Capacity Analysis Pile Settlement Analysis

p1 p2 p3 p4 p1

p1 Section 1. Introduction

1. Introduction
Pile is a program which calculates the vertical load carrying capacities and vertical settlements of a range of individual piles in a layered soil deposit. The theory is based on both conventional and new methods for drained (frictional) and undrained (cohesive) soils. Settlements are calculated for solid circular sections without under-ream. Pile capacities may be calculated for a range of pile lengths and a range of cross-section types such as circular s!uare and "-section. The circular and s!uare cross-sections may be hollow or solid whereas the "-section is only solid. #nder-reams or enlarged bases may be specified. Pile settlements may be calculated for a range of pile lengths and a range of solid circular crosssections without under-ream. There are two approaches available to calculate the capacity of the pile - wor$ing load approach and limit-state approach. The calculation itself is based on verified and robust numerical methods. The simplicity of calculation enables new users to set up and run a pile analysis problem within hours of training. The tutorial e%amples deal with a simple pile analysis but this Tutorial &anual is intended to familiarise the user with Pile. The e%amples should therefore not be used as a basis for practical pro'ects. #sers are e%pected to have an understanding of soil mechanics and geotechnical theory and should be able to wor$ in a (indows environment. The tutorial lessons are also available in the e%amples folder and can be used to chec$ you results. It is important to realise that Pile is an advanced program analysing a comple% problem and the user must be fully aware of the various methods of analysis re!uirements and limitations discussed in the #ser &anual before use. The Tutorial &anual will not provide theoretical bac$ground information on the analysis method nor does it e%plain the details of various methods of analysis available in the program. These details can be found in the #ser &anual for Slope. This also contains detailed information on the available program features. Short courses are also regularly organised and should you be interested in more hands-on e%perience you can contact oasys)arup.com for dates and program content.

p* Section *. Pile analysis methods

2. Pile analysis methods

+ither capacity analysis settlement analysis or both can be performed for a range of pile lengths and cross-sections. The soil is specified in layers in the Soil Profiles section. +ach layer is set to a material which is specified in the Material Properties section. The material can be drained (frictional) or undrained (cohesive) and appropriate strength parameters are specified. &a%imum values can be set for ultimate soil,shaft friction stress and end bearing stress within each layer -evels may be specified as depth below ground level or elevation above ordnance datum (./). Porewater pressures within the soil deposit can be set to hydrostatic or pie0ometric in the !round"ater section..
Capacity Analysis

Pile capacities may be calculated for a range of pile lengths and a range of cross-section types such as circular s!uare and "-section. The circular and s!uare cross-sections may be hollow or solid whereas the "-section is only solid. #nder-reams or enlarged bases may be specified. There are two approaches available to calculate the capacity of the pile - wor$ing load approach and limit-state approach. Settlement Analysis Pile settlements may be calculated for a range of pile lengths and a range of solid circular crosssections without under-ream. Settlement analysis calculates the settlement of a range of piles with different lengths and crosssections and of the surrounding soil. Pile soil slip is modelled together with the effects of soil heave inducing tension or settlement causing compression and negative s$in friction. Settlement calculation is based on theoretical analyses of the settlement of single compressible piles which are based on linear elastic theory. The analysis uses the integral method adopted by &attes and Poulos and is in the #ser &anual. -imiting shaft s$in friction is calculated from the material properties.

p1 Section 1.

Pile #ser Interface

3.

Pile User Interface

The principal components of the user interface are illustrated below and these will be referred to in the tutorial manual.

Standard #ool$ar

Slope #ool$ar

%utput #ool$ar

#a$le &ie"

#a$ular %utput

!raphical %utput !ate"ay

("int2 (hen using the 3ateway clic$ 454 to e%pand an item. /ouble clic$ on the item to open the corresponding window)

p6 Section 6. Pile 7apacity 8nalysis

4. Pile Capacity Analysis

To familiarise the user with the program a simple capacity analysis of a 798 Pile will be covered in this tutorial. This serves as a !uic$ introduction to the capacity feature of the Pile program. .b'ectives :avigate the Pile Interface Input 7apacity /ata 7reate soil stratigraphy and input material properties 8pply water data and surcharges ;un an analysis :avigate the 3raphical .utput 7reate simple graphs +%port tabular outputs for further analysis

p< Section 6.1 7reating the input

4.1 Creating the input

.nce opened create a new file by clic$ing the 4:ew 9ile= icon on the top left of the program or clic$ing 7trl 5 : 1. 9ill the Titles and Units dialog bo%2

("int2 Should the user need to change the #nits they should do so at this point by double clic$ing on Units in the 3ateway)

p> Section 6.1 7reating the input *. /ouble clic$ on Analysis Options in the 3ateway. Select 7apacity and the following options2

p? Section 6.1 7reating the input 1. /ouble clic$ on Capacity 'ata in the 3ateway Select the (or$ing -oad 7alculation &ethod and clic$ .@ 7hoose the following options2

6. /ouble clic$ on Pile Properties in the 3ateway Select a Solid Pile without under-ream + A *B BBB BBB $Pa Select the inputs to calculate the Pile 7apacity between <m and 1<m below ground level calculating the values every metre Input Pile /iameters of >BBmm and ?BBmm. ("int2 &ove onto the ne%t line in the input table to store the previous values inputted)

pC Section 6.1 7reating the input <. /ouble clic$ on Material Properties in the 3ateway /efine materials which ma$e up the soil profile around the pile.

Specify :! for &aterial D1 as <B.

("int2 See the #ser &anual for instructions on how to set the limiting value of end bearing to 4unlimited=.)

pE Section 6.1 7reating the input

>. /ouble clic$ on Soil Profiles in the 3ateway /efine layers constituting the soil profile around the pile2 o top of -ayer 1 at Cm./ o top of -ayer * at Bm./ o top of -ayer 1 at -*<m./

(:ote2 The tab at the bottom of the table shown below allows the user to enter more than one soil profile should they wish to compare the impact of different soil properties or stratigraphy boundaries)

p1B Section 6.1 7reating the input ?. /ouble clic$ on !round"ater in the 3ateway

To define a hydrostatic pore-water distribution 'ust define the level of the phreatic surface. 9or this e%ample input the two phreatic surfaces for the soil profile to compare the impact of dewatering around the pile2 3roundwater Profile 12 3roundwater Profile * 2 > m./ B m./

("int2 #se the tab at the bottom of the table to input two different groundwater profiles)

C. /ouble clic$ on Soil Profile ( !round"ater Map in the 3ateway. 8ssign the inputted soil profile to 3roundwater Profile 1. (:ote2 This feature allows the user to analyse the impact of different groundwater levels on the soil stratigraphy in one file. .nce the analysis has been run for one profile the file can be reanalysed to compare results)

p11 Section 6.* 8nalysis and .utputs

4.2 Analysis and Outputs

Prior to analysis chec$ all inputs and save the file 7lic$ on the analyse button to carry out the analysis The solution progress window will automatically appear and the analysis will run.

4.2.1 Ta ular Outputs

The program will give the user the option to view tabular inputs and outputs. 1. Select the outputs only by tic$ing 7apacity ;esults2

p1* Section 6.* 8nalysis and .utputs *. The tabular outputs enable the user to loo$ at stress profiles and specific values for the pile as shown below2

The user can determine which limiting criterion applies to different lengths of pile by using the $ey provided in the Tabular .utput2

p11 Section 6.* 8nalysis and .utputs !"porting Ta ular #esults 1. Select 9ile F +%port ;esults

Save the file as #utorial 1 )*ercise 1.cs+ to e%port the results to +%cel

p16 Section 6.* 8nalysis and .utputs

4.2.2 $raphical Outputs

1. /ouble clic$ on Graphical Output in the .utput section of the 3ateway *. #sing the e%cerpt from the manual shown below plot the ultimate and design capacities for the pile and determine the length of pile re!uired to support a load of 1BBB$:.

p1< Section 6.* 8nalysis and .utputs

p1> Section 6.* 8nalysis and .utputs

1. The graphical output is shown below2

6. 7ompare the results for a >BBmm and ?BBmm diameter pile <. ;e-run the analysis to view the impact of the other groundwater profile (phreatic surface at Bm./) to the pile capacity

p1? Section 6.* 8nalysis and .utputs Printing $raphical Outputs 1. 3o to #ools , Preferences in the menu bar

Select appropriate options for the print output including company information and logos. *. Select -ile , Print Pre+ie" in the menu bar to chec$ the output for printing (:ote2 The user can also print the tabular output in this format)

p1C Section <. Pile Settlement 8nalysis

%. Pile &ettlement Analysis

To familiarise the user with the program a simple settlement of a 798 Pile will be covered in this tutorial. This serves as a !uic$ introduction to the settlement feature of the Pile program. .b'ectives Input Settlement /ata ;un an analysis :avigate the 3raphical .utput 7reate simple graphs

p1E Section <.1. 7reating the input

%.1. Creating the input

.nce opened create a new file by clic$ing the 4:ew 9ile= icon on the top left of the program or clic$ing 7trl 5 : 9ill the Titles and Units dialog bo% outlining the Program is carrying out a Pile Settlement 8nalysis. 1. /ouble clic$ on Settlement Data in the 3ateway. Input the following2

(:ote2 the e%cerpt from the manual outlines the definition for the different inputs and the user must read these before moving on)

p*B Section <.1. 7reating the input

*. +nter the same data for the following as Section 6 (7apacity 8nalysis)2 o Pile Properties o &aterial Properties o Soil Profile o 3roundwater /ata (:ote2 Gou can copy and paste between tables in different pile analysis files) 1. /ouble clic$ on Applied loads and displacements in the 3ateway &enu Input a 1<BB$: load (Huestion2 8t what loads will the pile stresses be presented in the outputI)

6. /ouble clic$ on /isplacement ;adii in the 3ateway &enu Input displacement radii at2 B.1m 1m *m (Huestion2 (hy has a radii of B.1m been chosenI)

p*1 Section <.* 8nalysis and .utputs

%.2 Analysis and Outputs

1. Prior to analysis chec$ all inputs and save the file 7lic$ on the analyse button to carry out the analysis The solution progress window will automatically appear and the analysis will run. %.2.1 Ta ular Outputs The program will give the user the option to view tabular inputs and outputs. 1. Select the Settlement outputs only %.2.1 $raphical Outputs 8 number of different options are available. #se the definitions below to produce two graphs outlined.

1. *.

Pile displacement and Soil displacement at B.1m for a *Bm long pile with <BB$: load acting -imiting shaft s$in friction shaft s$in friction and pile stress for a *<m long pile with ?BB$: load acting

p** Section <.* 8nalysis and .utputs The e%pected outputs are shown below2