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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

AULA 02 - ADJETIVOS E ADVRBIOS

Adjetivos

Adjetivo

palavra

que

expressa

uma

qualidade

ou

caracterstica do substantivo,

certo? Os adjetivos em

ingls tm a

mesma funo dos adjetivos em portugus. O que muda a posio deles na frase. No ingls, os adjetivos so usados, em sua maioria, antes dos substantivos que eles qualificam. Essa regra tambm vlida para quando estiverem presentes dois ou mais adjetivos. It was a difficult test. (Foi uma prova difcil.) O adjetivo difficult (difcil) descreve o substantivo test (prova).

Para interpretar corretamente os textos das provas de ingls da ESAF, alm de saber ter que que os adjetivos se posicionam antes dos

substantivos,

voc

saber

identificar e

distinguir adjetivos

comparativos e superlativos. Sendo assim, passo a demonstrar como se formam os comparativos e os superlativos em ingls.

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE Comparativos e Superlativos

Adjetivos Curtos Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dos adjetivos de uma slaba adiciona-se -er para a forma comparativa e -est para a forma superlativa.Veja alguns exemplos: Adjetivos cold old fast small weak Alguns dos Comparativo -ER colder older faster smaller weaker adjetivos mais comuns Superlativo -EST coldest oldest fastest smallest weakest em ingls tm formas

irregulares de comparativos e superlativos. Adjetivo bad good Comparativo worse better further far farther older old elder Superlativo worst best furthest farthest oldest eldest

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

Adjetivos de duas ou mais slabas Para formar os comparativos e superlativos dos adjetivos de duas ou mais slabas (adjetivos longos) comparativas usamos o more e less para as formas superlativos. Veja

formas

e most e least as

alguns exemplos:

Adjetivo

Comparativo

Superlativo

arrogant

more arrogant less arrogant more tense less tense more cooperative less cooperative more perfect less perfect

most arrogant least arrogant most tense least tense most cooperative least cooperative most perfect least perfect

tense

cooperative

perfect

Em resumo, o que voc precisa saber est no quadro da prxima pgina:

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

COMPARATIVO Regra geral adj curto + er + than lat ter than (mais tarde) slow er than (mais lento) rich er than (mais rico)

more + adj longo + than less + adj longo + than

more urbanized than (mais urbanizado que) less urbanized than (menos urbanizado que)

Excees

good (bom)

better than (melhor)

bad (mal)

worse than (pior)

far (longe)

farther/further than (mais longe)

SUPERLATIVOS Regra geral adj curto + est The slow est (o mais lento)

The rich est (o mais rico)

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

most + adj longo

most valuable (o mais valioso)

least + adj longo

least valuable (o menos valioso)

Excees

good (bom)

best (melhor)

bad (mal)

worst (pior)

Expresses comparativas Alm das formas comparativas estudadas, h expresses que

tambm so usadas para fazer comparaes e podem aparecer nas provas. 'As...as' e So....as' so recorrentes em prova: Expresso as as as fast as (to rpido quanto) not as fast as (no to to quanto rpido)

as stable as (to estvel quanto) not as stable as (no to estvel quanto) so as so stable as (to estvel quanto)

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE so developed as (to desenvolvido quanto)

Adjetivos terminados em - e d e - i n q . Por fim, h dois tipos de adjetivos que devem ser lembrados: os adjetivos formados pelo particpio passado (-ed) e aqueles formados pelo gerndio (-inq). Alm de ser usado para formar o passado dos verbos, o -ed tambm e o - i n q tambm foram adjetivos. O - e d corresponde, em s terminaes -ado/-edo/-ido (resolved = resolvido;

portugus,

bearded = barbado). O - i n q corresponde, em portugus, s terminaes -ente/-ante (depressing=deprimente; interesting = interessante).

Advrbios Em ingls, a maioria dos advrbios formada adicionando-se o sufixo -ly ao adjetivo de origem (careful/carefully, happy/happily etc.). Enquanto o adjetivo d uma caracterstica ao substantivo, o advrbio se refere ao verbo. Existem algumas palavras que terminam em -ly mas que, porm, no so advrbios, e sim adjetivos. As principais delas so: friendly: amigvel, improvvel. Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 6 lonely: solitrio, ugly:feio, likely: provvel, unlikely:

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE Os advrbios podem ser derivados de adjetivos ou podem ter a mesma forma do adjetivo. Neste ltimo caso, temos situao

semelhante em portugus quando dizemos, por exemplo: Ele um rapaz bonito (adjetivo) x Ele canta bonito (advrbio).

Muitos

advrbios,

principalmente

os

de

modo,

freqncia

intensidade, so derivados de adjetivos mediante o acrscimo do sufixo - l y (-mente em portugus). Adjetivo Slow (lento, devagar) Careful (cuidado) Efficient (eficiente) Quick (rpido) Bad (mau) Perfect (perfeito) Silent (silencioso) Easy (fcil) Terrible (terrvel) Tragic (trgico) Advrbio Slowly (lentamente, devagar) Carefully (cuidadosamente) Efficiently (eficientemente) Quickly (rapidamente) Badly (mal) Perfectly (perfeitamente) Silently (silenciosamente) Easily (facilmente) Terribly (terrivelmente) Tragically (tragicamente)

Como terminam recorrer a

no em ly

possvel (tais

acrescentar friendly, com way

um silly,

ly a

adjetivos etc), ou

que j deve-se manner

como

lovely modo)

uma

construo

(jeito,

(maneira). Por exemplo: Friendly (amigvel) in a friendly way (de modo amigvel)

Ateno para um advrbio que em nada semelhante ao adjetivo: good (bom) Prof. Aline Andrade well (bem). www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 7

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

Advrbios de Frequncia Em destaque, os advrbios de freqncia. Recorrentes em provas

de concurso da ESAF, so aqueles que nos indicam com que frequncia algo aconteceu, acontece, acontecer etc. Observe o quadro abaixo, que mostra, em uma escala do mais frequente para o menos frequente, o grau de frequncia dos principais advrbios:

Agora, vejamos como os adjetivos e advrbios so cobrados em prova:

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

DICA: perca

Antes

de

ler o ao o

texto,

no da

tempo, v Veja

enunciado a

questo.

que

Banca

Examinadora quer de voc.

Insolvencies/Guaranty Funds Source: www.iii.org Feb/ 2006 (Adapted)

1. function of the Act

The regulation of insurance company solvency is a state. of The Gramm-Leach-Bliley which allowed Financial Services firms,

Modernization

1999,

banks,

securities

insurance companies and other financial services entities to affiliate and sell one another's products, continues this practice. State regulators monitor the financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance in their state that through insurers a analysis are of the to detailed file to and be to annual periodic in financial on-site

statements

required is

examinations. condition,

When

company take

found

poor financial to save it.

regulators

can

various

actions

try

Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators.

1. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) In relation to the monitoring of the financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance, the state regulators

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE a) are currently designing two tools to follow it. b) might resort to actions designed to assist them. c) may decide to outsource any further analysis. d) have been assessing the most effective procedures. e) are likely to adopt the analysis of their statements.

Comentrios: O enunciado da questo diz: "In relation to the monitoring of the financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance, the state regulators ..." (Em relao ao monitoramento da sade

financeira de companhias licenciadas a oferecer seguro, os reguladores estatais...) Vejamos onde o texto est tratando de "monitoring". DICA: Observe que das 10 palavraschave, 6 so verdadeiros cognatos, ou seja, palavras ao elas so que se

assemelham Felizmente

portugus. maioria! Mas

cuidado, h os falsos cognatos. No se preocupe com eles agora. Eles so minoria.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE relation: relao monitoring: monitoramento financial health: sade financeira

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE companies: companhias licensed: licenciadas provide: oferecer, fornecer, produzir state regulators: reguladores estatais

O texto trata do assunto "monitoring" na seguinte frase: "State regulators monitor the their state financial health of companies licensed to

provide insurance in financial statements site examinations."

through analysis of the detailed annual required to file and periodic on-

that insurers are

MAIS PALAVRAS-CHAVE through: atravs analysis: anlises detailed: detalhadas annual: anual financial statements: demonstraes financeiras insurers: segurador, seguradora are required: so demandados, solicitados to file: seguir periodic: peridico on-site examinations: exame, investigao in loco

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11

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE Da leitura, verificamos que h duas maneiras por meio (through) das quais os reguladores estatais monitoram a sade financeira das companhias: analysis of the detailed annual financial statements that

insurers are required to file and periodic on-site examination.

a) are Currently = atualmente CUIDADO! FALSO COGNATO!

x
actually = realmente, efetivamente

currently designing two tools to follow it. A opo A est incorreta. O texto no diz que os reguladores estatais esto atualmente (currently) desenvolvendo (designing)

duas ferramentas (tools) para monitoramento da sade financeira das seguradoras. O autor apenas afirma que os reguladores estatais

monitoram a sade financeira das companhias de seguro atravs de 2 ferramentas: insurers analysis of the detailed annual financial statements that

e periodic on-site

examination.

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

b) might resort to actions designed to assist them. A opo B est correta. O verbo "to resort to" significa recorrer a, apelar a. J "might resort to" d a idia de probabilidade. A opo afirma que possvel que os reguladores do s ferramentas citadas no texto. mercado de seguros a afirmativa est

recorram

Logo

corretssima, uma vez que o autor afirma que os reguladores estatais monitoram a sade financeira das companhias atravs da analysis of the detailed annual financial statements that insurers are required to

file e do

periodic on-site examination, duas aes desenvolvidas para

lhes assistir.

c) may decide to outsource any further analysis. A opo C est incorreta. O autor no diz que os reguladores podem (may) decidir por terceirizar (outsource) anlises mais

profundas (further = como vimos, esta a forma comparativa do adjetivo far).

d) have been assessing the most effective procedures. A opo C est incorreta. No texto no h qualquer meno ao verbo assess (avaliar, estimar, calcular) ou outro com idia similar. Logo, est errado afirmar que os reguladores estatais esto avaliando os procedimentos mais efetivos (most effective = forma superlativa do adjetivo effective).

e) are likely to adopt the analysis of their statements. A opo E est incorreta. No se pode afirmar pela leitura do texto que os reguladores estatais esto tendentes a adotar a anlise de suas demonstraes. Prof. Aline Andrade Totalmente errada. www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 13

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

IMPORTANTE Sufixo -LY Forma adjetivos e advrbios slowly: lentamente likely: provavelmente, tendente lively: vivaz

PALAVRAS-CHAVE currently: atualmente designing: desenvolvendo tool: ferramenta resort to: recorrer a

outsource: terceirizar further: mais profundo, mais distante assess: avaliar, estimar, calcular most effective procedures: procedimentos mais efetivos likely: provvelmente, tendente Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 14

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE adopt: adotar

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra B.

2.

(ESAF/SUSEP/2006)

According

to

the

text,

"insolvencies

do

occur", which means they a) actually happen. b) are undoubtedly preventable. c) hardly take place. d) do not pose a threat. e) used to be more frequent.

Comentrios: O enunciado da questo j remete o leitor expresso

"insolvencies do occur". S ser necessrio encontrar esta expresso no texto. Vejamos a ltima frase do texto: "(,..)Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators." Agora as palavraschave e as alternativas de resposta:

PALAVRAS-CHAVE insolvencies: insolvncias Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 15

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE occur: ocorrer, acontecer
h o w e v e r : porm, no obstante

despite: apesar de actually: efetivamente, de fato happen: acontecer undoubtedly: indubitavelmente preventable: evitvel hardly: dificilmente take place: ocorrer pose a threat: representar uma ameaa used to be: costumava ser

a) actually happen. A opo A est correta. "Insolvencies do occur" significa que insolvncias efetivamente acontecem. "Actually" significa "de fato, efetivamente".

IMPORTANTE actually = realmente, efetivamente Adjetivos + Sufixo LY = advrbio Logo, actual = real, efetivo CUIDADO! FALSO COGNATO!
A t u a l m e n t e = nowadays, presently

Outros exemplos: undoubtedly (indubitavelmente) hardly (dificilmente) frequently (frequentemente)


usually (usualmente, habitualmente)

b) are undoubtedly preventable.

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16

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE A opo B est incorreta. Da leitura da frase "Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators." percebe-se que apesar dos esforos dos reguladores, as insolvncias efetivamente ocorrem. Logo, no se pode afirmar que insolvncia seja indubitavelmente evitvel (preventable).

c) hardly take place. A opo C est incorreta. O texto no diz que insolvncia dificilmente (hardly) ocorre (take place), apenas afirma que ela ocorre.

d) do not pose a threat. A opo D est incorreta. "Insolvencies do occur" no quer dizer que insolvncias no representam (pose) uma ameaa (threat).

Perceba que o enunciado da questo quer apenas o significado da expresso e no a interpretao de que sejam ou no ameaas.

e) used to be more frequent. A opo E est incorreta. A opo afirma que insolvncias costumavam ser (used to be) mais freqentes. No texto no h essa afirmao.

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra A.

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE The long climb Source: www.economist.com st Oct, 2009 (Adapted) 1. The world economy is fitfully getting back to normal,

but it will be a "new normal". This phrase has caught on, even if people disagree about what it means. In the new normal, as defined subdued by Pimco's CEO, Mohamed will

El-Erian, high.

growth "The

will

be

and

unemployment

remain

banking

system will be a shadow of its former self," and the securitization markets, which buy and sell marketable bundles of debt, will presumably be a shadow of a shadow. Finance will be costlier and investment weak, so the stock of physical capital, on which

prosperity depends, will erode. 2. several of The crisis invited capitalism's a forceful government entry into sanctums, such as banking, Mr ElIn

inner

American carmaking and the commercial-paper market. Erian worries that the state may overstay its

welcome.

addition, national exchequers may start to feel some measure of the fiscal strain now hobbling California. A m e r i c a ' s Treasury, in particular, must demonstrate that it is still a "responsible

shepherd of other countries' savings."

3. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) defined as a) both real and active. b) absolutely extraordinary. c) not very active or busy. d) sustainable and rapid. e) unpredictable. Prof. Aline Andrade

In paragraph 1, growth in the new order is

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

Comentrios: A questo nos remete ao Pargrafo 1 e expresso "growth in the new order". Voc dever escolher a opo que mais se assemelha definio de "growth in the new order" dada pelo texto. Vejamos como o texto trata do assunto: "The will be a disagree Pimco's world economy is fitfully getting back to "new normal". about CEO, what it This phrase has caught on, In the new normal, will be normal, even as but it

if people by and

means.

defined

Mohamed

El-Erian, high."

growth

subdued

unemployment

will remain

PALAVRAS-CHAVE growth: crescimento new order: nova ordem world economy: economia mundial getting back to normal: voltando ao normal will be: futuro do verbo be (ser) - ser subdued: passado do verbo subdue (reduzir) - reduzido, reduziu unemployment: desemprego will remain: futuro do verbo remain (continuar) - continur high: alto

Qual a opo mais retrata o crescimento econmico (growth) na nova ordem mundial:

a) both real and active. Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 19

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE A opo A est incorreta. A alternativa caracteriza a nova ordem com os adjetivos real e active (ativa, rpida, vigorosa). A definio positiva e est errada. Veja que o texto fala em alto desemprego (high unemployment) e crescimento reduzido (subdued).

b) absolutely extraordinary. A opo "b" B est traz incorreta. uma Assim como positiva a alternativa da nova "a", a

alternativa

definio

ordem:

absolutamente extraordinria (absolutely extraordinary).

c) not very active or busy. A opo C est correta. O texto define o crescimento na nova ordem como: " (...) growth will be subdued and unemployment que o crescimento ser reduzido e

will remain high." Temos aqui

desemprego continuar alto, logo, a alternativa est correta ao afirmar que o crescimento no ser muito vigoroso, ativo (active, busy).

d) sustainable and rapid. A opo D est incorreta. Aqui a definio de crescimento tambm positiva, sustainable e rapid (sustentvel e rpido).

e) unpredictable. A opo E est incorreta. O texto no diz que o crescimento na nova ordem mundial imprevisvel (unpredictable).

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE DICA: resposta Apenas para na a alternativa questo, "c", foi

apresentada uma definio negativa para o crescimento na nova ordem mundial. definio Mesmo de sem saber daria a

subdued

para

acertar a questo.

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra C.

Reason with him Source: www.newsweek.com 22nd Sep, 2009 (Adapted)

Question (Q) 1: Margolis: When you took office, Brazil was regarded BRIC as an underachiever, and the Brazil is considered last among the a star among

nations.

Now

emerging countries. W h a t ' s happened? Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 21

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE Lula: No one respects anyone who d o e s n ' t respect themselves. And Brazil always behaved like a second-class country. We always told ourselves we were the country of the future. But we never transformed these qualities into anything concrete. In a globalized world you cannot sit still. You have to hit the road and sell your country. South So we decided to make strengthening trading bloc) a priority, and Mercosul deepened (the our

American

relations with Latin America in general. We prioritized trade with Africa and went into the Middle East aggressively. Our trade

balance today is diversified. This helped us cushion the blow of the economic crisis. Q2: Margolis: Has Brazil's success in navigating the

economic crisis changed investors'views? Lula: There was no miracle. We had a strong domestic market. We had consumers who wanted to buy cars. We reduced part of the sales tax and asked the companies to offer consumers credit on affordable items. I t ' s the same case with refrigerators, stoves, washing machines, and with computers and the housing

construction. Q3: Margolis: What are the lessons for other countries? Lula: The great lesson is that the state has an important role to play, and has great responsibility. We d o n ' t want the state to manage business. But it can be an inducer of growth and can work in harmony with society.

4.

(ESAF/

AFRFB/2009)

In

his

answer

to

question

1,

Brazil's

president refers to "strengthening

Mercosul as a

priority." In other 22

words, a measure he considered Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE a) risky. b) unattainable. c) pivotal. d) unnecessary. e) advisable.

Comentrios: A questo se refere expresso "strengthening Mercosul as a priority" e quer saber qual dos adjetivos reflete a opinio do presidente acerca dessa medida (measure). Considerando que o presidente disse ser a medida uma prioridade (priority), o fortalecimento do Mercosul :

a) risky. b) un attainable. c) pivotal. d) un necessary. e) advisable.

Observe que no era preciso saber ingls para acertar a questo, todos as adjetivos apresentados nas alternativas se parecem com o portugus. O vocabulrio-chave que cobrado nesta questo se parece bastante com o portugus: PALAVRAS-CHAVE strengthening: fortalecimento, fortalecer priority: prioridade measure: medida

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE risky: arriscado unattainable: inatingvel pivotal: fundamental, essencial, piv unnecessary: desnecessrio advisable: aconselhvel

Das 08 palavras-chave, 06 se parecem com nossas palavras do portugus. Isso muitas vezes acontece. Existem sim os falsos cognatos, aquelas palavras que na escrita se assemelham ao portugus, mas que tm significados diferentes. Contudo, importante lembrar que forte a presena de vocbulos de origem latina no ingls, sendo que a

porcentagem de ocorrncia dessas palavras como falsos cognatos em relao ao portugus insignificante menos de 0,1%. No se

preocupe com qualquer probabilidade de erro ao interpretar palavras do ingls parecidas com palavras do portugus.

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra C.

5. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) Brazil's president refers to the country's diversified trade balance as having a) contributed to worsen the global economic crisis. b) resulted from trade with one sole strategic partner. c) been prevented by internal regulations. d) been considered as an unattainable goal. Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 24

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE e) minimized the adverse effects of the world crisis.

Comentrios: Vamos destacar as palavras-chave do enunciado para depois

buscar no texto a resposta:

"Brazil's president refers to the country's diversified trade balance as having..." (O Presidente se refere balana comercial diversificada do pas como tendo....)

No texto, as palavras "diversified trade balance" aparecem no trecho: "Our trade balance today is diversified. This helped us cushion the blow of the economic crisis."

Juntando as palavras-chave do enunciado com as do texto, temos que:

diversified

trade balance

helped

economic crisis

Agora vejamos as alternativas de respostas:

a) contributed to worsen the global economic crisis. A opo A est incorreta. Com a anlise das palavras no quadro acima, conclumos que a balana comercial diversificada ajudou

(helped) o pas na crise econmica. Ao contrrio do texto, a alternativa diz que a balana comercial prejudicou, piorou (worsen) a crise 25

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE econmica global. Observe que a palavra 'crisis' est precedida de dois adjetivos: 'global' e 'economic'.

b) resulted from trade with one sole strategic partner. A opo B est incorreta. Estamos falando aqui de diversified trade balance e a alternativa fala em trade with one solo strategic partner (comrcio com um nico parceiro estratgico). A palavra 'partner' est precedida dos adjetivos 'one solo' e 'strategic'.

c) been prevented by internal regulations. A opo C est incorreta. O presidente trata da balana comercial diversificada como fator que teria ajudado o pas na crise e no como tendo sido evitada ou impedida (prevented) por regulamentaes

internas. 'Internal' o adjetivo que est qualificando 'regulations'.

d) been considered as an unattainable goal. A opo D est incorreta. A alternativa afirma que a balana comercial diversificada foi considerada (been considered) um objetivo (goal) inatingvel (unattainable) - unattainable o adjetivo.

e) minimized the adverse effects of the world crisis. A opo E est correta. Assim como est no texto que a balana comercial diversificada ajudou, a alternativa diz que ela minimizou

(minimized) os efeitos adversos ('adverses' o adjetivo) da crise mundial.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE

Prof. Aline Andrade

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26

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE diversified: diversificado trade balance: balana comercial contributed: contribuido worsen: piorar global economic crisis: crise econmica global resulted: resultou trade: comrcio one sole: um s, um nico strategic partner: parceiro estratgico been: sido, estado prevent: evitar, impedir, prevenir internal regulations: regulamentaes internas considered: considerado unattainable: inatingvel goal: objetivo minimized: minimizou adverse effects: efeitos adversos cushion: amortecer, proteger contra choques

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra E.

While Rome burns Source: www.economist.co.uk Sep 25th, 2008 (Adapted)

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

1.

American plans to buy up assets that are clogging the

financial system lack detail but no one doubts that a massive government intervention is coming. In Europe jittery investors have no such reassurance. European governments have yet to respond publicly to calls from Hank Paulson, the treasury

secretary, to follow his lead. They look set to keep faith with the approach that they have used to handle the crisis so far - staving off liquidity worries by allowing banks to use facilities at central banks to swap their assets in exchange for ready cash. 2. That makes many watchers nervous. The crisis in

America has dramatically grown from one of liquidity to one of solvency as well. Lehman Brothers had access to the Federal

Reserve's discount window, after all, but still went under. The burning question now is whether banks have enough capital. On some measures, European banks look pretty well capitalized. The average tier-one ratio, which measures capital based on the

riskiness of bank assets, stood at 8% in the first half of the year. That looks solid enough, if you assume that banks have a good handle on risk.

6. (ESAF/ STN/2008) As regards investors in Europe at the moment, they are feeling a) nervous and upset. Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 28

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE b) confident and optimistic. c) reassured, but cautious. d) slightly afraid. e) tense, but optimistic.

Comentrios: Veja que as alternativas s trazem adjetivos. O enunciado diz: quanto aos sentindo. H duas frases no texto com palavras-chave que aparecem (as regards) investidores (investors), como esto se

tambm em duas das alternativas:

"In

Europe jittery investors have no such

reassurance."

Nesta

frase

aparece

palavra

reassurance,

que

significa

resseguro, confiante. Na alternativa "e" est sendo afirmado que os investidores esto confiantes, mas cuidadosos. Contudo, o texto est negando que os investidores tenham tal confiana, segurana (veja que o texto diz: have no).

"That makes many

watchers

nervous."

Aqui no aparece a palavra investors, mas a palavra watchers, que significa observadores em geral (o que inclui, portanto, os

investidores) a) nervous and upset. (nervosos e preocupados) b) confident and optimistic. (confiantes e otimistas) c) reassured, but cautious. (confiantes, mas cautelosos) d) slightly afraid. (levemente temerosos) Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 29

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE e) tense, but optimistic. (tensos, mas otimistas)

VOCABULARIO-CHAVE as regards: quanto /ao investors: investidores feeling: sentindo nervous: nervoso upset: preocupado confident: confidante, certo, seguro optimistic: otimista reassured: resseguro, confiante cautious: cauteloso slightly: levemente afraid: temeroso, com medo tense: tenso, ansioso

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra A.

A world of connections Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 30

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE Source: www.economist.com (Adapted) Jan 28th, 2010

To sceptics all this talk of twittering, yammering and chattering smacks of another internet bubble in the making. They argue that even a huge social network such as Facebook will struggle to make money because fickle networkers will not stay in one place for long, pointing to the example of MySpace, which was once all the rage but has now become a shadow of its former self. Last year the site, which is owned by News Corp, installed a new boss and fired 45% of its staff as part of a plan to revive its fortunes. Within companies there is plenty of doubt about the benefits of online social networking in the office. A survey of 1,400 chief information officers conducted last year by Robert Half Technology, a recruitment firm, found that only one-tenth of them gave employees full access to such networks during the day, and that many were blocking Facebook and Twitter altogether. The executives' biggest concern was that social networking would lead to social networking, with employees using the sites to chat with friends instead of doing their jobs. Some bosses also fretted that the sites would be used to leak sensitive corporate information.

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31

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE 7. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, the benefits of online social networking in the office are a) undeniable. b) numerous. c) long-lasting. d) uncertain. e) predictable.

Comentrios: De acordo com o pargrafo 2, os benefcios (benefits) de uma rede social (networking) online para um escritrio (office) so....

No texto, encontramos a palavra benefits na frase:

"Within companies there is plenty of doubt about the benefits of online social networking in the office.

As palavras-chave para responder a questo so plenty (muitas) e doubt (dvidas). Analisando as alternativas e seus adjetivos, qual deles traz a idia de algo duvidoso: a) undeniable. (inegveis) b) numerous. (numerosos) c) long-lasting. (duradouros) d) uncertain. (incertos) = plenty of doubt e) predictable. (previsveis)

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

VOCABULARIO-CHAVE benefits: benefcios office: escritrio undeniable: inegvel numerous: numeroso long-lasting: duradouro uncertain: incerto predictable: previsvel within: em companies: empresas plenty of doubt: muitas dvidas

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra D.

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

8. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, some bosses also worried that through the sites sensitive corporate information would be a) altered. b) distorted. c) made classified. d) disclosed. e) negotiated.

Comentrios: De acordo com o pargrafo 2, alguns patres/chefes (bosses) tambm temam (worried) que atravs destes sites (sites de redes sociais) informaes seriam corporativas Observe sensveis que (sensitive corporate est aqui

information)

informao

caracterizada por 'sensitive' e 'corporate', dois adjetivos que antecedem a palavra 'information'. No texto, a palavra "bosses" aparece na frase:

"Some bosses also fretted that the sites would be used to leak sensitive corporate information." Sem se preocupar com a traduo de "leak", sabendo que o texto trata dos riscos destes sites de redes sociais para informaes sensveis de que essas informaes sejam amplamente divulgadas, certo?

Informaes sensveis podem ser tambm informaes sigilosas, no mesmo?

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE Vejamos as alternativas:

a) altered. (alteradas) b) distorted. (distorcidas) c) made classified.(classificadas) d) disclosed. (abertas, divulgadas) e) negotiated.(negociadas) As alternativas so todas adjetivos terminados em - e d , ou seja, formadas pelo passado particpio de verbos. As alternativas "a" e "b" so sinnimos e a questo no pode ter duas respostas. A "c" e a "e" no fazem sentido no contexto. Portanto, sobra a letra "d". Disclosed (divulgadas) tem o mesmo sentido que leak, que significa vazar

informaes secretas. VOCABULARIO-CHAVE some: alguns bosses: chefes also: tambm worried: preocupado sensitive corporate information: informaes corporativas sensveis altered: alteradas distorted: distorcidas classified: classificadas disclosed: divulgadas negotiated: negociadas fretted: preocupado leak: vazar informaes secretas

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra D. Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

Tackling Corruption for Growth and Development Source: www.ausaid.gov.au 18th Jan 2008 (Adapted)

1.

Corruption

is

major

impediment

to

broadbased

growth and development, undermining government revenue and expenditure on the delivery of basic services such as law and justice, health care, education, and the maintenance of essential infrastructure. The World Bank Institute has estimated that more than US$1 trillion is paid in bribes each year and, over the long run, countries that tackle corruption and improve the rule of law can increase their national incomes by as much as four times. 2. Corruption weakens crisis. It institutions has the and makes to states

more vulnerable to

potential

undermine

security in our partner countries and in the Asia-Pacific region more broadly. Security can be threatened when governments fail to deliver services, uphold law and order, maintain public

confidence in institutions, or control the use of resources. 3. Corruption can lead to 'money politics' and undermine

the decisions of democratically elected governments. It can also open the way for a variety of other crimes such as money

laundering and trafficking in drugs, arms, and people.

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

9. (ESAF/CGU/2008) According to the text, the effect of corruption on the decisions made by democratically elected governments is that these decisions a) become more legitimate and effective. b) gradually become less effective. c) are implemented in a shorter period of time. d) gain both credibility and morale. e) may lose legitimacy and credibility.

Comentrios: O enunciado no diz o pargrafo a que se refere a questo. Teremos que procurar no texto onde o assunto foi tratado. Vejamos as palavras-chave to the text, do the enunciado: effect of corruption elected governments on is the decisions these

"According made by

democratically

that

decisions..." A questo trata do efeito (effect) da corrupo nas decises tomadas (decisions made) pelos governos democraticamente eleitos (democratically elected governments), certo?

Quando

voltamos

ao

texto,

percebemos

que

palavra

"democratically" aparece na primeira frase do pargrafo 3. "Corruption of can lead to elected 'money politics' and undermine governments." the decisions

democratically

Agora, vejamos as alternativas:

a) become more legitimate and effective. Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 37

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE A opo A est incorreta. Vimos que a questo trata da corrupo e sua influncia nas decises dos governos democraticamente eleitos. A alternativa afirma que, como efeito da corrupo, as decises tornamse mais legtimas e efetivas. Isso no poderia ser verdadeiro, no mesmo? Aqui temos a forma comparativa (more) dos adjetivos

'legitimate' e 'effective'.

b) gradually become less effective. A opo B est correta. O texto diz que a corrupo mina,

enfraquece (undermine) as decises, ou seja, as decises vo se tornando menos (less) efetivas com a corrupo. A palavra undermine tem o significado de arruinar gradativamente (gradually), minar.

c) are implemented in a shorter period of time. A opo C est incorreta. Tambm no h no texto a informao

de que as decises, considerando a ocorrncia de corrupo, sejam implementadas num perodo de tempo mais curto (shorter - forma comparativa do adjetivo short) do que se no houvesse corrupo.

d) gain both credibility and morale. A opo D est incorreta. Ao contrrio do que o texto afirma,

esta alternativa diz que as decises ganham credibilidade e moralidade.

e) may lose legitimacy and credibility. A opo E est incorreta. O texto no diz claramente que as

decises dos governos democraticamente eleitos perdem legitimidade e credibilidade. O texto diz que a corrupo enfraquece as decises e usa o verbo undermine, que tem a idia de processo gradativo.

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE PALAVRAS-CHAVE democratically: democraticamente elected: eleito goernments: governos lead: conduzir, levar undermine: minar, enfraquecer become: tornar-se less effective: menos efetivo gradually: gradualmente implemented: implementado shorter: mais curto, menor morale: moral gain: ganho, benefcio, vantagem both: ambos credibility: credibilidade lose: perder legitimacy: legitimidade

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra B.

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

Land of Promise Source: www.economist.com/specialreports April 12th 2007 (Adapted) 1. In 2003 Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, selected

Brazil, along with Russia, India and China, as one of the "BRICs"the developing countries that would share dominance of the world economy by 2050. 2. In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs.

Unlike China and Russia it is a full-blooded democracy; unlike India it has no serious disputes with its neighbours. It is the only BRIC without a nuclear Index", bomb. which and The Heritage such Foundation's factors as

"Economic protection

Freedom of

measures free

property

rights

trade,

ranks

Brazil

("moderate free") above the other BRICs ("mostly unfree"). One of the main reasons why Brazil's growth has been slower than China's and India's is that Brazil is richer and more urbanized. 3. The survey will argue that disgruntlement persists

because Brazil is a battleground between progress and inertia. Since independence was proclaimed by the son of the Portuguese king, Brazil has been adding layer upon layer of change rather than sweeping away the old and starting afresh.

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

10. (ESAF/CGU/2008) In paragraph 1, four countries are referred to as a) unlikely to play a key role in the world economic scenario. b) the slowest-growing economies of the present. c) likely to dominate the world economy in the future. d) the fastest-growing economies over the past 50 years. e) being today's richest and most prosperous economies.

Comentrios: Logo no enunciado, mesmo para quem tem apenas noes

bsicas de ingls, j d para saber que para responder a questo bastar ler o pargrafo 1. A questo quer saber o que o texto do pargrafo 1 diz sobre os quatro pases. Ento vamos ler apenas o pargrafo 1 e tentar

identificar o vocabulrio-chave: "In 2003 Goldman Sachs, with Russia, countries 2050" an investment bank, selected Brazil, along as one of the dominance "BRICs"- the developing world economy by

India and China,

that would share

of the

Significado desse vocabulrio em destaque

Prof. Aline Andrade

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41

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE PALAVRAS-CHAVE investment bank: banco de investimentos selected: selecionou developing countries: pases em desenvolvimento would share dominance: compartilharo domnio world economy: economia mundial

DICA: Observe que das 10 palavraschave, 6 so verdadeiros cognatos, ou seja, palavras no que e so se no a

assemelham ingls. maioria!

portugus elas

Felizmente

O que podemos extrair deste pargrafo, observando as palavraschave em destaque : "Em 2003, um banco de investimentos

selecionou o Brasil, juntamente com a Rssia, a ndia e a China para ser um BRICs pases em desenvolvimento que compartilharo o

domnio da economia mundial at 2050. Temos a as seguintes palavras chaves:

E quanto a esses quatro pases,vamos s opes de resposta:

a) unlikely to play a key role in the world economic scenario.

Prof. Aline Andrade

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42

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE A opo A est errada. No improvvel (unlikely) que os 4 pases tenham papel chave (key role) no cenrio da economia

mundial. O primeiro pargrafo afirma exatamente o contrrio.

IMPORTANTE Adjetivos iniciados com UN. Unlikely = Improvvel Prefixo UN - contrrio, negativo Logo, likely =provvel Outros exemplos: unable (incapaz) unaware (inconsciente) unusual (incomum) unstable (instvel)

b) the slowest-growing economies of the present. A opo B est errada. O texto no afirma que essas quatro economias so as que esto crescendo de modo mais lento

atualmente. O texto claro ao se referir ao tempo futuro, ano de 2050. Nem se trata aqui de saber ingls, mas de observar datas. Como vimos no incio da aula, slowest forma superlativa de slow. Outros exemplos: Fastest (mais rpido), rico), Slowest = mais lento, devagar Sufixo EST - para formar superlativos da maioria dos adjetivos curtos em poorest most (mais richest (mais pobre), best (mais

(melhor),

developed most

desenvolvidos), (mais prspero).

prosperous

Prof. Aline Andrade

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43

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE ingls. Para os adjetivos longos usamos o MOST.

c) likely to dominate the world economy in the future.

A opo C est correta. Como vimos no comentrio da opo a, likely significa provvel. O texto afirma que os 4 pases provavelmente dominaro a economia mundial.

d) the fastest-growing economies over the past 50 years.

A opo D est errada, o texto no diz que as 4 economias cresceram de modo mais acelerado nos ltimos 50 anos. Como vimos no comentrio do item b, -EST est formando o superlativo do adjetivo fast (rpido, acelerado).

IMPORTANTE Growing = crescendo ou crescimento, a depender da frase em que aparece. Sufixo ING - pode formar gerndio de verbos, mas tambm substantivos.

Prof. Aline Andrade

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44

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE e) being today 's richest and most prosperous economies. A opo E est errada. Como vimos, o texto no diz que as 4 economias so as mais ricas (most prosperous - forma superlativa de prosperous) nem tampouco as mais prsperas no presente (today).

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra C.

11. (ESAF/CGU/2008)

In paragraph 2, the author compares Brazil's

growth to China's and India's and, therefore, defines it as

a) not being as fast. b) dependent on the latter. c) unexpectedly higher. d) not as stable. e) the least steady.

Comentrios:

Agora vamos ao pargrafo 2. Neste pargrafo o autor compara o crescimento do Brasil ao da China e ndia. Observe que a questo quer saber como definido o crescimento (growth) do Brasil.

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE DICA: A Banca quer que o candidato consiga identificar as caractersticas do crescimento no do na Brasil forma que de

aparecem

texto

adjetivos. Destaque os adjetivos.

"In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs. Russia it is a full-blooded democracy; disputes bomb. with The its neighbours. It is

Unlike China and

unlike India it has no serious only BRIC without a Index", nuclear which trade,

the

Heritage factors

Foundation's as protection free")

"Economic

Freedom

measures such ranks Brazil One than

of property rights and free above why that the other BRICs

("moderate of the China's

("mostly has been

unfree"). slower

main

reasons is

Brazil's Brazil is

growth richer

and India's

and more

urbanized." Primeiro perceba que o tema central tratado neste pargrafo a economia brasileira. Observe as palavras-chave em destaque vermelho. Esses so os adjetivos para responder questo. Ao identificar, seno todos, pelo menos alguns dos adjetivos do texto, podemos matar a questo:

PALAVRAS-CHAVE steadiest = mais estvel full-blooded = forte moderate-free = moderadamente livre slower = mais lento (prefixo - e r para comparativo)

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE richer = mais rico (prefixo - e r para comparativo) more urbanized = mais urbanizado (prefixo - e r para comparativo)

Vejamos as opes de resposta:

a) not being as fast.

A opo A est correta. Na ltima frase do pargrafo 2 o autor afirma que a razo para que o crescimento econmico brasileiro seja mais lento (slower than) que o da China e da ndia que o Brasil mais rico (richer) e mais urbanizado (more urbanized). A opo descreve o crescimento do Brasil como no sendo to rpido quanto ao da China e ndia (not as fast as - 'as...as', como vimos no incio da aula, expresso usada para comparar. Significa to/tanto ... quanto).

b) dependent on the latter.

A opo B est incorreta. No h no texto qualquer afirmao de que o crescimento brasileiro seja dependente dos outros pases. 'Latter' significa ltimo ou mencionado em segundo lugar. Voltando ao

enunciado da questo, o segundo pas mencionado foi ndia. Contudo, observe que mesmo sem saber o significado desta palavra no h no texto qualquer meno dependncia. Pelo contrrio, quem tem o

mnimo de conhecimento em ingls e conseguiu identificar a palavra FREE (livre) no pargrafo 2, j poderia "sacar" que esse item est incorreto.

c) unexpectedly higher. Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 47

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE A letra crescimento. C est O item incorreta. fala Lembre-se que estamos falando higher (un -expectedly de =

unexpectedly

inesperado - lembrem-se do prefixo un) (high -er= comparativo de high: mais alto). Se voltarmos aos adjetivos que marcamos no texto no h essa afirmao. No confunda com richer (na ltima frase do pargrafo 2) com higher - 'riche'r no texto est se referindo ao pas Brasil e no ao crescimento. No necessariamente um pas que mais rico ter um crescimento mais elevado (comparem China e EUA, por exemplo).

d) not as stable.

A letra D est incorreta. Na primeira frase do pargrafo temos: "In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs(...)". Logo, Brasil o mais estvel. Como j vimos acima, stead (estvel) +est = superlativo (mais estvel). O item diz not as stable (no to estvel). Veja bem:

stead = stable =

estvel

e) the least steady.

Prof. Aline Andrade

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE A letra E_est incorreta. O crescimento brasileiro no o menos (LEAST) estvel. Na primeira frase do pargrafo temos: "In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs(...)". Logo, Brasil o mais estvel.

MORE x

LESS

MOST x LEAST

Logo, a resposta para esta questo a letra A.

REVISO DO VOCABULRIO-CHAVE

A partir deste momento vamos revisar a aula por meio do quadro do vocabulrio-chave.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE relation: relao monitoring: monitoramento financial health: sade financeira companies: companhias Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 49

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE licensed: licenciadas provide: oferecer, fornecer, produzir state regulators: reguladores estatais through: atravs analysis: anlises detailed: detalhadas annual: anual financial statements: demonstraes financeiras insurers: segurador, seguradora are required: so demandados, solicitados to file: seguir periodic: peridico on-site examinations: exame, investigao in loco currently: atualmente designing: desenvolvendo tool: ferramenta resort to: recorrer a

outsource: terceirizar further: mais profundo, mais distante assess: avaliar, estimar, calcular most effective procedures: procedimentos mais efetivos likely: provvelmente, tendente adopt: adotar Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 50

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE growth: crescimento new order: nova ordem world economy: economia mundial getting back to normal: voltando ao normal will be: futuro do verbo be (ser) - ser subdued: passado do verbo subdue (reduzir) - reduzido, reduziu unemployment: desemprego will remain: futuro do verbo remain (continuar) - continur high: alto strengthening: fortalecimento, fortalecer priority: prioridade measure: medida risky: arriscado unattainable: inatingvel pivotal: fundamental, essencial, piv unnecessary: desnecessrio advisable: aconselhvel diversified: diversificado trade balance: balana comercial contributed: contribuido worsen: piorar global economic crisis: crise econmica global resulted: resultou trade: comrcio one sole: um s, um nico strategic partner: parceiro estratgico been: sido, estado prevent: evitar, impedir, prevenir internal regulations: regulamentaes internas Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE considered: considerado unattainable: inatingvel goal: objetivo minimized: minimizou adverse effects: efeitos adversos cushion: amortecer, proteger contra choques as regards: quanto /ao investors: investidores feeling: sentindo nervous: nervoso upset: preocupado confident: confidante, certo, seguro optimistic: otimista reassured: resseguro, confiante cautious: cauteloso slightly: levemente afraid: temeroso, com medo tense: tenso, ansioso benefits: benefcios office: escritrio undeniable: inegvel numerous: numeroso long-lasting: duradouro uncertain: incerto predictable: previsvel within: em companies: empresas plenty of doubt: muitas dvidas some: alguns Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 52

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE bosses: chefes also: tambm worried: preocupado sensitive corporate information: informaes corporativas sensveis altered: alteradas distorted: distorcidas classified: classificadas disclosed: divulgadas negotiated: negociadas fretted: preocupado leak: vazar informaes secretas democratically: democraticamente elected: eleito goernments: governos lead: conduzir, levar undermine: minar, enfraquecer become: tornar-se less effective: menos efetivo gradually: gradualmente implemented: implementado shorter: mais curto, menor morale: moral gain: ganho, benefcio, vantagem both: ambos credibility: credibilidade lose: perder legitimacy: legitimidade investment bank: banco de investimentos

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE selected: selecionou developing countries: pases em desenvolvimento would share dominance: compartilharo domnio world economy: economia mundial steadiest = mais estvel full-blooded = forte moderate-free = moderadamente livre slower = mais lento (prefixo - e r para comparativo) richer = mais rico (prefixo - e r para comparativo) more urbanized = mais urbanizado (prefixo - e r para comparativo)

QUESTES DA AULA Insolvencies/Guaranty Funds Source: www.iii.org Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 54

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE Feb/ 2006 (Adapted)

1. function of the Act

The regulation of insurance company solvency is a state. of The Gramm-Leach-Bliley which allowed Financial Services firms,

Modernization

1999,

banks,

securities

insurance companies and other financial services entities to affiliate and sell one another's products, continues this practice. State regulators monitor the financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance in their state that through insurers a analysis are of the to detailed file to and be to annual periodic in try poor to financial on-site financial save it.

statements

required is

examinations. condition,

When

company take

found

regulators

can

various

actions

Insolvencies do occur, however, despite the best efforts of regulators.

1. (ESAF/SUSEP/2006) In relation to the monitoring of the financial health of companies licensed to provide insurance, the state regulators

a) are currently designing two tools to follow it. b) might resort to actions designed to assist them. c) may decide to outsource any further analysis. d) have been assessing the most effective procedures. e) are likely to adopt the analysis of their statements.

2.

(ESAF/SUSEP/2006)

According

to

the

text,

"insolvencies

do

occur", which means they a) actually happen.

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE b) are undoubtedly preventable. c) hardly take place. d) do not pose a threat. e) used to be more frequent.

The long climb Source: www.economist.com st Oct, 2009 (Adapted) 1. The world economy is fitfully getting back to normal,

but it will be a "new normal". This phrase has caught on, even if people disagree about what it means. In the new normal, as defined subdued by Pimco's CEO, Mohamed will El-Erian, high. growth "The will be

and

unemployment

remain

banking

system will be a shadow of its former self," and the securitization markets, which buy and sell marketable bundles of debt, will

presumably be a shadow of a shadow. Finance will be costlier and investment weak, so the stock of physical capital, on which

prosperity depends, will erode. 2. The crisis invited a forceful government entry into

several of capitalism's inner sanctums, such as banking, American carmaking and the commercial-paper market. Mr El-Erian worries that the state may overstay its welcome. In addition, national exchequers may start to feel some measure of the fiscal strain now hobbling California. A m e r i c a ' s Treasury, in particular, must demonstrate that it is still a "responsible shepherd of other

countries' savings."
56

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

3. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) defined as a) both real and active. b) absolutely extraordinary. c) not very active or busy. d) sustainable and rapid. e) unpredictable.

In paragraph 1, growth in the new order is

Reason with him Source: www.newsweek.com 22nd Sep, 2009 (Adapted)

Question (Q) 1: Margolis: When you took office, Brazil was regarded as an underachiever, and the last among the BRIC nations. Now Brazil is considered a star among emerging countries. W h a t ' s happened? Lula: No one respects anyone who d o e s n ' t respect themselves. And Brazil always behaved like a second-class country. We always told ourselves we were the country of the future. But we never transformed these qualities into anything concrete. In a globalized world you cannot sit still. You have to hit the road and sell your country. South So we decided trading to make strengthening a priority, and Mercosul deepened (the our

American

bloc)

relations with Latin America in general. We prioritized trade with Africa and went into the Middle East aggressively. Our trade

balance today is diversified. This helped us cushion the blow of the economic crisis. Q2: Margolis: Has Brazil's success in navigating the 57

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE economic crisis changed investors'views? Lula: There was no miracle. We had a strong domestic market. We had consumers who wanted to buy cars. We reduced part of the sales tax and asked the companies to offer consumers credit on affordable items. I t ' s the same case with refrigerators, stoves, washing machines, and with computers and the housing

construction. Q3: Margolis: What are the lessons for other countries? Lula: The great lesson is that the state has an important role to play, and has great responsibility. We d o n ' t want the state to manage business. But it can be an inducer of growth and can work in harmony with society.

4.

(ESAF/

AFRFB/2009)

In

his

answer

to

question

1,

Brazil's

president refers to "strengthening words, a measure he considered a) risky. b) unattainable. c) pivotal. d) unnecessary. e) advisable.

Mercosul as a

priority." In other

5. (ESAF/ AFRFB/2009) Brazil's president refers to the country's diversified trade balance as having a) contributed to worsen the global economic crisis. b) resulted from trade with one sole strategic partner. c) been prevented by internal regulations. d) been considered as an unattainable goal. e) minimized the adverse effects of the world crisis. Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 58
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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

While Rome burns Source: www.economist.co.uk Sep 25th, 2008 (Adapted)

1.

American plans to buy up assets that are clogging the

financial system lack detail but no one doubts that a massive government intervention is coming. In Europe jittery investors have no such reassurance. European governments have yet to respond publicly to calls from Hank Paulson, the treasury

secretary, to follow his lead. They look set to keep faith with the approach that they have used to handle the crisis so far - staving off liquidity worries by allowing banks to use facilities at central banks to swap their assets in exchange for ready cash. 2. That makes many watchers nervous. The crisis in

America has dramatically grown from one of liquidity to one of solvency as well. Lehman Brothers had access to the Federal

Reserve's discount window, after all, but still went under. The burning question now is whether banks have enough capital. On some measures, European banks look pretty well capitalized. The average tier-one ratio, which measures capital based on the

riskiness of bank assets, stood at 8% in the first half of the year. That looks solid enough, if you assume that banks have a good handle on risk.

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE 6. (ESAF/ STN/2008) they are feeling a) nervous and upset. b) confident and optimistic. c) reassured, but cautious. d) slightly afraid. e) tense, but optimistic. As regards investors in Europe at the moment,

A world of connections Source: www.economist.com (Adapted) Jan 28th, 2010

To sceptics all this talk of twittering, yammering and chattering smacks of another internet bubble in the making. They argue that even a huge social network such as Facebook will struggle to make money because fickle networkers will not stay in one place for long, pointing to the example of MySpace, which was once all the rage but has now become a shadow of its former self. Last year the site, which is owned by News Corp, installed a new boss and fired 45% of its staff as part of a plan to revive its fortunes. Within companies there is plenty of doubt about the benefits of online social networking in the office. A survey of 1,400 chief information officers conducted last year by Robert Half

Technology, a recruitment firm, found that only one-tenth of them gave employees full access to such networks during the day, and Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 60
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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE that many were blocking Facebook and Twitter altogether. The executives' biggest concern was that social networking would lead to social networking, with employees using the sites to chat with friends instead of doing their jobs. Some bosses also fretted that the sites would be used to leak sensitive corporate information.

7. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, the benefits of online social networking in the office are a) undeniable. b) numerous. c) long-lasting. d) uncertain. e) predictable.

8. (ESAF/SUSEP/2010) According to paragraph 2, some bosses also worried that through the sites sensitive corporate information would be a) altered. b) distorted. c) made classified. d) disclosed. e) negotiated.

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

Tackling Corruption for Growth and Development Source: www.ausaid.gov.au 18th Jan 2008 (Adapted)

1.

Corruption

is

major

impediment

to

broadbased

growth and development, undermining government revenue and expenditure on the delivery of basic services such as law and justice, health care, education, and the maintenance of essential infrastructure. The World Bank Institute has estimated that more than US$1 trillion is paid in bribes each year and, over the long run, countries that tackle corruption and improve the rule of law can increase their national incomes by as much as four times. 2. Corruption weakens crisis. It institutions has the and makes to states

more vulnerable to

potential

undermine

security in our partner countries and in the Asia-Pacific region more broadly. Security can be threatened when governments fail to deliver services, uphold law and order, maintain public

confidence in institutions, or control the use of resources. 3. Corruption can lead to 'money politics' and undermine

the decisions of democratically elected governments. It can also open the way for a variety of other crimes such as money

laundering and trafficking in drugs, arms, and people.

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

9. (ESAF/CGU/2008) According to the text, the effect of corruption on the decisions made by democratically elected governments is that these decisions a) become more legitimate and effective. b) gradually become less effective. c) are implemented in a shorter period of time. d) gain both credibility and morale. e) may lose legitimacy and credibility.

Land of Promise Source: www.economist.com/specialreports April 12th 2007 (Adapted) 4. In 2003 Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, selected

Brazil, along with Russia, India and China, as one of the "BRICs"the developing countries that would share dominance of the world economy by 2050. 5. In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs.

Unlike China and Russia it is a full-blooded democracy; unlike India it has no serious disputes with its neighbours. It is the only BRIC without a nuclear Index", bomb. which and The Heritage such Foundation's factors as

"Economic protection

Freedom of

measures free

property

rights

trade,

ranks

Brazil

("moderate free") above the other BRICs ("mostly unfree"). One Prof. Aline Andrade www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 63

CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE of the main reasons why Brazil's growth has been slower than China's and India's is that Brazil is richer and more urbanized. 6. The survey will argue that disgruntlement persists

because Brazil is a battleground between progress and inertia. Since independence was proclaimed by the son of the Portuguese king, Brazil has been adding layer upon layer of change rather than sweeping away the old and starting afresh.

10. (ESAF/CGU/2008) In paragraph 1, four countries are referred to as a) unlikely to play a key role in the world economic scenario. b) the slowest-growing economies of the present. c) likely to dominate the world economy in the future. d) the fastest-growing economies over the past 50 years. e) being today's richest and most prosperous economies.

11. (ESAF/CGU/2008)

In paragraph 2, the author compares Brazil's

growth to China's and India's and, therefore, defines it as

a) not being as fast. b) dependent on the latter. c) unexpectedly higher. d) not as stable. e) the least steady.

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CURSO ON LINE CURSO DE INGLS - AFT TEORIA E EXERCCIOS AULA 02 PROFESSORA: ALINE ANDRADE

GABARITO

1-B 7-D

2-A 8-D

3-C 9-B

4-C 10-C

5-E 11-A

6-A

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