Karnataka State Police

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Karnataka State Police

Introduction
Karnataka State Police is currently a large and complex organization. It runs on principles of modern management. In olden days, it was called with different names in various regions (Thoti, Talwar, Umbalidhar, Kattubidi, Neeraganti etc). Sri L. Rickets, who was appointed as the first Inspector General of Police laid the foundation of present police set up of Karnataka Police. Prior to his appointment, there was no definite structure of the organization. The power and status was also undefined. Sri L. Rickets enforced many changes and emphasized to educate the police. There were various rules and regulations set up to make the organization more formalized. Sri Devraj, who became the Chief Minister in 1972, shaped the Police Department into a huge organization. At present, the Director General and Inspector General of Police are the head of the police department in the state. And there are various levels of hierarchies followed by it. The various functional diversifications in the organization are in the area of Law and Order, Administration, Crime and Technical Services, Recruitment and Training, Transport, Intelligence, Tele-communication and Modernization and Civil Rights Enforcement.

Objectives of the Organization

The objectives of the Police Department are as follows: a) Protect the lives and liberties of the people from criminal and antisocial elements and bring about improvement in the quality of life in the society. b) Earn the good will, support and active assistance of the community. c) Co-ordinate with other wings of the criminal justice system. d) Provide equal treatment to all regardless of caste, religion, social and economic status or political affiliations. e) Promote human rights and show special consideration to women, children, senior citizens and weaker sections. f) Strive to improve professional knowledge, skills and attitudes and adopt modern methods in police work.

g) Foster professional values in policing with special emphasis on integrity, impartiality and efficiency.

Organization Structure and Function

The head of the police department is the Director General and Inspector General of Police. The Additional Directors General of Police work under him. The various functions in the organization like Law and Order, Administration, Crime and Technical Services, Recruitment and Training, Transport, Intelligence, Tele-communication and Modernization and Civil Rights Enforcement are taken care of by the Additional Director Generals of Police. Hence each Additional Director General is responsible for his own functional department. However, four Commissionarates also exist who work in the best interests of the organization. They are listed below: 1. The Commissioner [Bangalore City], is of the rank of Additional Director General of Police; 2. The Commissioner [Hubli-Dharwar], is of the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police; 3. The Commissioner [Mysore City], is of the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police; 4. The Commissioner [Mangalore City] is of the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police. The Inspectors General of Police work under the Additional Directors General of Police. There are six Inspectors General of Police, who are in charge of Ranges. Also, there are some Inspectors General of Police, who are in charge of specific functions. Each Range consists of three to six districts. An officer typically of the rank of Superintendent of Police heads each district. The diagram on the next page shows the various levels of hierarchy in the organization. It is basically the organization chart of the Police Department.

The following table shows the Police Ranges and the districts within each Range: Range Southern Range, Mysore Districts Mysore Kodagu Mandya Hassan , Chamarajanagara Western Range, Mangalore Dakshina Kannada Uttara Kannada Chickmaglur Udupi Eastern Range, Davangere Chitradurga Bellary Shimoga Davangere Central Range, Bangalore Tumkur Kolar , K.G.F. Bangalore Chikkaballapura Chamarajanagara Northern Range, Belgaum Belgaum Bijapur Dharwad Bagalkot Haveri Gadag

North Eastern Range, Gulbarga

Gulbarga Bidar Raichur Koppal ,Yadgiri

The unit which is lowermost in the functional hierarchy is the Police Station. At present, there are : 1. 906 Police Stations, 2. 230 Circle Offices, 3. 91 SDPOs and 31 DPOs (including Railway Police). The Inspectors head the Police Stations in towns and cities. In each Police Station, there are two to four Sub Inspectors, and a number of Assistant Sub-Inspectors. Head Constables and Police Constables are also there in each Police Station. In rural areas, a single Sub-Inspector or two Sub-Inspectors head the Police Station and take care of the Law and Order in the place. The Police Stations in the rural area are grouped into circles and each circle comes under a Sub-Division. Deputy Superintendents of Police head the Sub-Divisions and Police Inspectors head the Circles. The different functional units or wings of the organization are : 1. LAW AND ORDER: All basic law and order situations are handled under this particular function. An officer of the rank of Additional Director General of Police heads this wing.

2. INTELLIGENCE WING: This wing handles specific assignments and an officer of the rank of Additional Director General of Police heads it. At the headquarters, there are 2 Inspectors General of Police and 4 Superintendents of Police, who assist the head. The Superintendents of Police under this wing are located at Bangalore, Mysore, Mangalore, Gulbarga and Belgaum. 3. CRIME & TECHNICAL SERVICES WING: The Finger Print Bureau, Forensic

Scientific Laboratory, Police Computer Wing and State Crime Record Bureau are a part of this wing. An Officer of the rank of Additional Director General of Police acts as the head. 4. SPECIAL POLICE UNITS: These units exist at the state level to carry out specialized police functions and to aid and assist Civil Police Units. E.g. - Criminal Investigation Department (CID), Economic Offences and Special Units. An officer of the rank of Director General of Police heads the special unit. He holds the responsibility of all the specialized investigation units like, the Forest Cell, the Cyber Police Station, the Corps of Detectives and the unit dealing with Economic Offences.

5. KARNATAKA STATE RESERVE POLICE: An officer of the rank of Additional Director General of Police heads it and an Inspector General and two Deputy Inspectors General of Police assist him at the Police Headquarters. At present, it consists of 10 Battalions. Bangalore is the headquarters of 4 battalions and Mysore, Gulbarga, Mangalore, Shimoga, Belgaum and Shiggaon are also headquarters of one battalion each.

6. COMMUNICATION, LOGISTIC AND MODERNISATION WING (C.L&M): An officer of the rank of Additional Director General of Police heads it. It also has a Motor Transport unit, headed by a Superintendent of Police and Police Wireless Unit headed by another Superintendent of Police. 7. POLICE TRAINING WING: It is in control of Director General of Police, Training, who heads it. Deputy Inspector General of Police (Training) and Inspector General of Police (Training) assist him. The Karnataka State has following Training Institutes: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. Karnataka State Police Training School, Channapatna. Karnataka State Police Training School, Khanapur. Karnataka Police Academy, Mysore. Police Driving and Maintenance School, Yelahanka, Bangalore. Armed Police Training School, Bangalore. Karnataka State Police Training Centre, Gulbarga. Wireless Training Institute, Bangalore.

viii. ix. x.

Traffic Training Institute, Bangalore. Special Branch Training Institute, Bangalore. Karnataka State Reserve Police Training School, Munirabad.

8. DIRECTORATE OF CIVIL RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT: The head is the Additional Director General of Police, Civil Rights Enforcement. A Deputy Inspector General of Police, an Inspector General of Police and a Superintendent of Police assist him. It has 6 field units, individually headed by a Superintendent of Police. These are located at the police ranges at Mangalore, Belgaum, Gulbarga, Bangalore and Davangere. There are cases registered under the Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955 and (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, the investigation of which is monitored by the Directorate. He acts as the watch dog of the benefits and rights extended to the SC/STs. There is strict vigilance on those who try to avail the benefits meant for SC/STs.

9. PLANNING & MODERNIZATION: The organization also has dynamic wings like Planning and Modernization. An Officer of the rank of Inspector General of police heads it. This wing works on proposal and sends the consolidated proposals of the Department to the Government for sanctions. 10. POLICE HOUSING AND POLICE WELFARE: An officer of the rank of Inspector General of Police heads it. It is also known as Grievance and Human Rights Cell.

11. COASTAL SECURITY POLICE: 1999 was the year of establishment of this wing. An officer of the rank of Inspector General of Police heads the coastal security police. The Superintendent of Police and other staff assist him. The territorial coastal waters of Karnataka [Talapady in Dakshina Kannada Dist. to Sadashivgad in Uttara Kannada Dist. covering about 320 kms] are under this wing.

Hence we can see that the organization has varied functional units which act as its strength. All the functions assume equal importance. Also, there are functions like Planning and Modernization, manpower in which is significantly working towards the future progress of the organization.

Analysis of the Organization Structure:

The organization follows a highly centralized structure accompanied by the following features: 1) High degree of Formalization 2) Standardization 3) Wide span of Control 4) Highly Disciplined 5) Vertical structure 6) Specialization

This kind of structure works effectively as it ensures that there are definite roles and responsibilities assigned to individuals. The use of standardized procedure ensures reduction of costs in the process.

The structure follows a regional division between ranges: Southern Range, Mysore Western Range, Mangalore Eastern Range, Davangere Central Range, Bangalore Northern Range, Belgaum North Eastern Range, Gulbarga

This division is essential in such an organization since the state of Karnataka is very large in area (191,791 sq. km), and would be difficult to administer in case a geographical division is not carried.

The functional division into various departments like Law and Order wing, Intelligence Wing, etc. helps in demarcating the roles to achieve greater degree of specialization. This is useful since its helps in reducing the costs and time that employees take to carry out their duties.

Problems identified in the structure: The structure is designed in a way that it is rigid and decision making is centralized, the flow of communication is only in the downward direction. The employees at the lower levels of the hierarchy find it difficult to approach their superiors, hence hindering upward flow of information.

Vision, Mission and Values

The Vision of the Organization is stated as: To uphold the rule of law, ensure safety and security of people, maintain peace and harmony, prevent and detect crimes, uphold human rights by imbibing the highest standards of professional excellence adopting a people-friendly approach and applying leading edge technologies, to create and sustain an ideal environment for the growth and development of Karnataka.

This vision is closely aligned to realizing the states goals, which can be summarized in three simple yet powerful words, peace, progress and prosperity. These represent themes important to the success of the states vision. The Karnataka State Police (KSP) is central to the states vision of ensuring safety and security of citizens; granting their fundamental freedom, improving opportunities for employment, promoting industry and enterprise and focusing on sustainable development. In a globalized world, it is not just domestic issues which have a bearing on the functioning of the police force.

Karnataka State Vision 2020

Eliminate poverty and deprivation at all levels and achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015.

 Enhance human capabilities to promote equitable growth covering all sections of people and regions of the state. Make Karnataka a globally-competitive destination and a leader among Indian states. Institutionalize good governance across the state through enhanced transparency, accountability and participation.

Major forces which impact policing: International relations World events, especially those in neighboring geographies impact local police efforts in a state. International relations have a bearing on issues pertaining to peace and security. Demography and social structure The demography and social structure including, but not limited to, the distribution of income and wealth, employment, economic activity and gender create challenges for local law and order situations.

Political system - Unstable political systems and those that do not allow the police system to function independently and without interference are a huge deterrent to the law and order and peace processes of a state. Technology The police forces inability to keep up with advancements in the use of science and technology in managing data and criminal investigation procedures could prove detrimental.

Karnataka Fact File:

Parameter
Area [sq km] Districts [Nos] Talukas [Nos] Villages [Nos] Towns [Nos] Population [ in crores] Rural [percentage] Urban [percentage] SC [percentage] ST [percentage] Minorities [percentage]

Value
191,791 29 176 27481 270 5.75 64 36 16.2 6.55 16.1

Key areas identified:

1. Increase rural incomes through greater viability of agriculture and allied activities 2. Focus on job-oriented growth through concomitant skill development of the workforce
3. Improve energy availability and develop infrastructure 4. Enhance opportunities and empower women across economic, social and political

spheres.

5. Increase rural incomes through greater viability of agriculture and allied activities 6. Develop the state as a vibrant knowledge society 7. Achieve a sustainable and orderly process of industrialization and urbanization

8. Improve access and availability of quality healthcare for all

9. Preserve and promote Karnatakas rich heritage 10. Ensure sustainability of the states environment and natural resources

11. Build and sustain Bangalores global leadership in science, technology and knowledge-based Industries. 12. Improve governance through wider participation and deep democratic

decentralization. All of these areas pre-suppose a politically, socially and economically stable state, free of crime and violence, where citizens are allowed to pursue their vocations and pursuits freely and without fear. A strong police system becomes an essential pre-requisite to achieve all these goals.

Changing face of crime:

Over the last few decades crime has adopted wholly new, complex and uncommon characteristics, world over. Previously, crime included acts such as violent mass agitations, group clashes, mob violence; and occurrences linked to a lack of autonomy or deterioration in administration, lack of transparency, accountability and questionable service delivery. The rapidity at which industrialization and urbanization is taking place in the state leads to a situation where inadequate infrastructure could give rise to newer law and order problems. While the state deals with policies which would facilitate a more orderly and sustainable process of industrialization, the current situation needs to be dealt with. An awareness of the complexities of the current situation is very important for the optimal and effective functioning of the police force. Land has become a premium commodity. Agitations involving the acquisition of land, for industrialization and SEZs, needs to be handled in a sensitive manner.

Values of KSP:
1. Transparent delivery of police services. 2. Time-bound delivery of police services. 3. Low cost delivery of police services. 4. Developing the police organization with desired ethos. 5. Bridging the gap between expectations and reality.

Strategy of the Organization:

The various elements which are a part of the strategy of the organization, to improve policing, are represented very well by this diagram. They are stated as:

1. Police initiatives in the public domain- There are various initiatives taken up by the Police Department for the benefit of public.

2. Introduce cutting edge policing- The Karnataka State Police is using different tools and techniques to monitor law and order conditions in the state. They are also working towards improvising their techniques.

3. Increase awareness among the public about prevention of crime- They are continuously working to increase awareness amongst the public about their rights, duties, and the laws in the government which empower them and how they can take the help of the organization in the best possible way. There is a special focus on few groups of the society like the SC/STs to protect their rights and empower them.

4. Increase police public partnership by outsourcing certain activities- The organization is also engaged in outsourcing certain activities to enhance its working. This is done in the view of promoting police public partnership.

5. Augment role of internal vigilance- They have augmented the role of internal vigilance so as to discourage any misdeeds and unethical activities which may lower down the integrity and reputation of the organization.

6. Police citizen proximity- They are working to improve the police and citizen proximity to promote better relationships between the two. They want the public to reach a level of comfort with their security and protection activities and trust them for their work.

7. Strategic analysis and planning will be integral- The organization pays importance to strategic analysis and planning. It aims in dynamic growth and improvement which can be reached through planning.

8. Make registrations of complaints mandatory duty of the police- They are also working in this direction. The organization wants to make it mandatory for its workforce to register every public complaint without delay.

Organizational Culture

Power Relationships

Control Systems

Organization Structures

Symbols

The culture of the organization can be stated as bureaucratic culture as it has an internal focus. There is high specialization and division of labor. This type of culture supports a systematic approach to doing business. Also, there are various levels of hierarchy in the structure which reinforces the existence of such culture. Symbols, heroes and ceremonies reinforce the values of cooperation, tradition and following established policies and practices as ways to achieve missions and goals. Personal involvement is somewhat lower here, but that is outweighed by a high level of conformity and collaboration among members. There are various written communication records which are to be maintained and taken care of. All these factors support the existence of bureaucratic culture in the organization.

Technology in the Organization

In todays era, more and more organizations are incorporating technology as integral part of their operations and still scope of the adaptability is vast. Regardless of complexity of the organization, it has been proven that technology has acted as catalyst for transformation of the organization. An organizations core technology is directly related to organizations mission .Here the organization like Karnataka State Police depends highly on technology to solve major crimes. It has utilized information technology and evolved from paper filing of cases to the present day of information stored in digital format. This has helped them in information analysis and strategic decision making. The task of information search across different police station is now much easier, due to Police IT project. The project is aimed at all technological functionality required for Karnataka Police. Starting from procuring hardware for police stations, developing software and providing connectivity across locations. The successful completion of the project has provided organization much higher level of the efficiency, transparency , less redundancy in work , more man power is available for core policing tasks, fast communication, tracking of the incidents became easier etc.

Key Features of the project1. For crime module Online request for FSL and FPB Automatic generation of crime register Parole verification Tracking platform for missing persons and un-identified bodies

2. For Wireless/control room In/out messaging process Automated control room activities

3. For Traffic module Information related to road accidents, causalities and tracking Traffic enforcement details Automatic generation of all traffic related reports

4. For Administration module Information related to employees, rewards, promotion, departmental inquiry and postings Online submission of expenditure bills

5. Stores Transparent procurement procedure- quotation, biding, negotiation, purchase Inspection , distribution of arms

This technology adaptation has reduced interdependence of the functions across organization Karnataka Police. This has also enabled them to achieve sociotechnical system, which attempts to design technical and human aspect of the organization to fit one another.

Organizational Environment
Karnataka State Police has a variety of factors in the external environment to be managed and used in tandem with other factors to fulfill its objectives. 1. The availability of Manpower: Karnataka State police like the Indian police fraternity faces the perennial problem of working under man power. The state has very low citizen to police ratio which is the case with almost the entire country. Taking this into account and other perception of the public, the applications for police recruitment doesnt attract best of the talents except in the case of esteemed Indian Police Services. Recruitment for the vacant positions has been very tedious task and many a times it involves the intervention of Judicial courts and hence the processes take more time than required. To fill the vacant positions in the department the govt. has initiated a recruitment drive.

Here is the abstract from The Hindu newspaper highlighting the Vacant positions and the prospective number of hires. Minister for Home K.J. George told The Hindu that I am keen on ensuring effective policing and it will have a direct impact resulting in a better interface

between the people and the police. Of the nearly 20,000 vacancies (largely that of police constables and sub-inspectors), directions have been issued to recruit nearly a half of them right away. Compared to 3,731 police constables recruited in 2012, over 8,000 constables will be recruited this year.

2. The Support of other departments: Any department or an organization can never be a standalone or can work on itself. KSP like any other organization needs support of hordes of organizations/departments to function efficiently. KSP needs an unconditional support of the State Home Ministry, Forensic department of the crime detection, National Investigation Agency, Central Investigation department, Crime Investigation Agency, Intelligence Bureau, etc to crack a case or to provide leads for any crime investigation. KSP has worked very efficiently in coordination with other departments which has not been the case with other national agencies like the recent case of NIA and J&K Police fighting with each other about a frail man who has been a militant but had surrendered and was caught in New Delhi when he was returning to meet his family from Nepal.

3. Education level of the population: Karnataka being one of the comparatively better faring states in India has shown an incredible increase in the education level among its population which has made things better for KSP and has also instilled in its cops a sense of respect for the citizens it serves. People becoming more educated will come to the aid of the KSP and it has to develop itself too to come to help the people it serves. 4. Influx of People: Bangalore being the hub of IT revolution in India and the presence of good colleges in Karnataka- there is a considerable number of people/students who throng to Karnataka has increase many fold and it has also brought with it a lot of stress for the KSP to be managed. KSP now has to manage a lot of youth population in Bangalore and Mysore and for that it has to become more vigilant too.

Conclusion:

Karnataka State Police follows a bureaucratic structure, the organisation structure is centralized which is necessary for such an organization. The roles and responsibilities are clearly defined hence every person is aware of his roles. This also brings in the discipline into the organization and tasks assigned being carried out more effectively. The command and control style in Karnataka State Police further emphasizes its Vertical style of organization, wherein the span of control of each officer gets wider in the higher levels of the Organization. The Formalization is high, and the flow of commands from the higher layers is abided by. Overall Karnataka State Police has evolved and has evolved for better. It is one of the most efficient police force in India. Time and again it has proved its mettle and has come to the rescue of its citizens time and again. It has earned it due share of respect from its citizens and its inculcation of new technologies has made it even more efficient and youth connect with it.

References:
Karnataka State Police website, Accessed on 16-09-2013 http://www.ksp.gov.in/home/aboutus-organisationstructure.php By Author Sanjay Sahay, IGP, Accessed on 17-09-2013, http://sanjay-sahay.com/Articles/Karnataka%20State%20Police-History.pdf MIP Report - Study on budgeting system of KSP

The Hindu website, accessed on September 19, 2013. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/police-recruitment-drive-initiated-inkarnataka/article5113257.ece