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DAFTAR PUSTAKA ---------, 1995, Porim Test Methods, Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia. Balcao, V.M.

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%lisa'eth, 9. !an 7iahaan, =., -AAA, Spesifisitas Lipase (eda! Padi Terhadap -enis S$bstrat dan Apli!asi Potensialnya $nt$! Biotransformasi l$ida, 9urnal Penelitian 0ela/a 7a@it, *E,F+ 1$8-1*.. "a'er, 0., 199-, Biotransformation in &r%anic #hemistry, 7/rin)er-Verla) Berlin <ei!el'er), >ermany. "essen!en, R.9. !an "essen!en, 9.7., 19*$, )imia &r%ani!, %!isi 4eti)a, 9ili! 1, Pener'it %rlan))a, 9a4arta. >autam, 0.0. !an (ya)i, V.0., -AA5, Microbial S$rfactant, 9ournal of Oleo 7cience, 55E.F+ 155-15$. >ean4o/lis, 5.9., -AA,, Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles, . e!. Prentice <all, 6e@ 9ersey. >enaro, R.A., 199A, ,hemin%tons Pharmace$tical Science, 1* 5om/any, %aston, Pennsylvania, ?7A, -$8.
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>ou'et, I., Mau)ar!, (., amare, 7. an! e)oy, M.=., -AA-, ,ole of Acti'ity and Temperat$re on Acti'ity and Stability of (ried .hole #ells of Saccharomyces #ere'isiae in a #ontin$o$s Solid"/as Bioreactor, %n&yme an! Micro'ial (echnolo)y, ,1+.-5-.,A. >u/ta, R.0., 9ames, 0. !an 7mith, ".9., 19*,, S$crose Esters and S$crose Ester0/lyceride Blends as Em$lsifier, 9.Am. Oil 5hem. 7oc., $AE.F + *$--*$9. <amsaveni, =.R., Pra/ulla, 7.>. an! =iva4ar, 7. -AA1. ,esponse S$rface Methodolo%ical Approach for the Synthesis of Isob$tyl Isob$tyrate, Process Biochemistry, ,$+ 11A,-11A9. <asan, "., Ali 7hah, A. !an <amee!, A., -AA5, Ind$strial Application of Microbial Lipase, Micro'ial Research a'oratory, Pa4istan. <era@an,(., 199*, Bios$rfa!tan : Apli!asi dan Pel$an% Minya! Sawit seba%ai Bahan Ba!$nya, 1arta Pusat Penelitian 0ela/a 7a@it, $ E-F + *, - 9-. <era@an, (., -AA., Lipase"#atalized Transesterification of Plants &ils with (ial!yl #arbonates, =issertation, Rheinisch-1estfGlischen (echnischen <ochschule Aachen >ermany. <era@an,(., A'!ul-Rahman, R. !an >uritno, P., 199$, Pemb$atan )arbohidrat Ester Seba%ai Bios$rfa!tan Secara Enzimatis, 1arta Pusat Penelitian 0ela/a 7a@it, . E-F + 91-9*. <era@an,(. !an 6uryanto, %., 199$, 1idrolisis Minya! Sawit Men%%$na!an Lipozyme dari M$cor miehei, 9urnal Penelitian 0ela/a 7a@it, 8E1F+ ,,-.-. <era@an,(., A'!ul-Rahman, R. !an Omar, O., 1998, Pem$rnian dan Sifat"Sifat r$!tosa Ester Asam Lema! Sawit yan% (isintesis Secara Enzimatis, 9urnal Penelitian 0ela/a 7a@it, 5 E-F + 1A9-118. <era@an,(., 6uryanto, %., >uritno, P. !an Buana, ., 1999, Pen%%$naan Asam Lema! Sawit (istilat Seba%ai Bahan Ba!$ S$perpalmamida, 9urnal Penelitian 0ela/a 7a@it, 8E1F+ ,,-.-. <olm'er), 0., -AA1, *at$ral S$rfactants, 5olloi! H Interface 7cience, $+ 1.* D 159. htt/II@@@.merc4-chemical.comIis-'inII6(%R7<OPI E!ia4ses 1* A/ril -AA*F. htt/II@@@.e/o.or)I/atents.htmlI E!ia4ses ,1 7e/tem'er -AA*F Infante, M.R., Pere&, ., Pina&o, A., 5la/es, P., Moran, M.5., An)elet, M., >arcia, M.(. !an Vinar!ell, M.P., -AA., Amino acid"based s$rfactants, 5himie, 8+ 5*,-,9-. Iria@an, 6. !an Astuti, 7.P., -AA$, Men%olah (ata Statisti! den%an Men%%$na!an J MI*ITAB 23 , Pener'it An!i, 2o)ya4arta. 9atmi4a, A., 199*, Apli!asi Enzim Lipase dalam Pen%olahan Minya! Sawit dan Minya! Inti Sawit 4nt$! Prod$! Pan%an, 1arta Pusat Penelitian 0ela/a 7a@it, $ E1F + ,1 - ,8. 9ohnson, R.1. !an "rit&, %., 19*9, atty Acids in Ind$stry, Process, Properties, (eri'ates, Applications, Marcell =e44er Inc., 6e@ 2or4. 0etaren, 7., 199*, Pen%antar Te!nolo%i Minya! dan Lema! Pan%an, ?I-Press, In!onesia. 0rishna, 7.<., 7attur, A.P. !an 0aranth, 6.>., -AA1, Lipase"#atalyzed Synthesis of Isoamyl Isob$tyrate 5 &ptimization $sin% a #entral #omposite ,otatable (esi%n, Prosess Biochemistry, ,8 + 9-1$.

0urniasih, %., -AA*, Pemanfaatan Asam Lema! Sawit (istilat Seba%ai Bahan Ba!$ (ietanolamida Men%%$na!an Lipase 6,hizom$cor meihei7, (esis, ?niversitas 7umatera ?tara. atif, 7., -AA8, Pel$an% dan Tantan%an Ind$stri )elapa Sawit di Indonesia, 7eminar 6asional 0omersialisasi Ri/te4 melalui 9eBarin) AB> !alam Menin)4at4an =aya 7ain) Ban)sa secara Ber4elanButan, -*--9 A)ustus. Me!an. evens/iel, O., 1999, #hemical ,eaction En%ineerin%, %!. 4e-,, 9ohn 1iley, 6e@ 2or4. Maa), <., 19*., atty Acid (eri'ates: Important S$rfactant for 1o$sehold, #osmetic and Ind$strial P$rposes, 9.Am. Oil 5hem. 7oc., $1 E-F+ -59--$8. Man)un@i!BaBa, =. !an 7uryani, A., 199., Te!nolo%i Bioproses, Pene'ar 7@a!aya, 9a4arta. Manitto,P., 19*1, Biosynthesis of *at$ral Prod$ct, %!itor MoelBono 9u!oami!BoBo, %llis <or@oo! imite!. Masn)ut, 6., Moh! 7o'ri (a4riffK Mohamma! A.1., 0alil, M.7., 0a!hum, A.A.<., -AA8, Performance of &scillatory low ,eactor and Stirred Tan! ,eactor in Sol'ent ermentation from Palm &il Mill Effl$ent, 9urnal (e4nolo)i, .8E"F+.55.. Mau)ar!, (., Remau!-7imeon, M., Petre, =. !an Monsan, P., 1998, Lipase"catalysed Synthesis of Bios$rfactants by Transacylation of *"Methyl"/l$camine and atty"Acid Methyl Esters, (etrahe!ron, 5,E--F+ 8$-9 D 8$,.. Mau)ar!, (., Remau!-7imeon, M., Petre, =. !an Monsan, P., 199*, Enzymatic Amidification for the Synthesis of Biode%radable S$rfactants: Synthesis of *" Acylated 1ydro8ylated Amines, 9ournal of Molecular 7cience, 5+ 1,-18. Moh! 7o'ri (a4riff, Penney, 1.R. !an "asano, 9.B., 199*, Intersta%e Bac!mi8in% of An Aerated M$ltista%e Mechanically"A%itated, #ompartmented #ol$mn, (he 5ana!ian 9ournal of 5hem. %n)., 8$, ,$5-,$9. Mont)omery, =.5., 1998, (esi%n and Analysis of E8periments, 5-e!, 9ohn 1iley an! 7on Inc. 6a)ao, A. !an 0ito, M., 19*9, Synthesis of &"acyl homoserin by Lipase, 9.Am. Oil 5hem. 7oc., $$ + 81A-81,. 6uryanto, %., 1998, S$rfa!tan yan% ,amah Lin%!$n%an dari Minya! )elapa Sawit. 1arta PP07, 5E1F+,8-.5. OLBrien, R.=., 199*, ats and &il, orm$latin% and Processin% for Applications, (echnomic Pu'lishin) 5o.Inc., ?7A. Par (ufvesson, Annerlin), A., <atti-0aul, R. !an A!lescrent&, =., -AA8, Sol'ent"free Enzymatic Synthesis of atty Al!anolamides, Biotechnolo)y an! Bioen)ineerin), 98E,F+ ..8-.5,. Persson, M., Mla!enos4a, I., 1ehtBe, %. !an A!lercreut&, P., -AA-, Preparation of Lipases for 4se in &r%anic Sol'ents, %n&yme an! Micro'ial (echnolo)y, ,1+ *,,-*.1. Pila@os4a, =., un4enheimer, 0. !an Piasec4i, A., -AA., Synthesis of *o'el *,*"di"*" Al!ylaldonamines and Properties of Their S$rface #hemically P$re Adsorption Layers at the Air0.ater Interface, 9ournal of 5olloi! an! Interface 7cience, -81+ 19---AA.

Rahman, A., 2a', M.B., =&ul4efly, 5. .0. !an A'!ul Rahman, R.6.3., -AA,, Synthesis of Palm )ernel &il Al!anolamide $sin% Lipase, 9ournal of Oleo 7cience E9O7F, 5-E-F+ $5-8-. Ram4rishna, 7. an! 7@aminathan, (., -AA., ,esponse S$rface Modellin% and &ptimization to El$cidate and Analyze the Effect of Inoc$l$m A%e and Size on S$rfactin Prod$ction, Biochemical %n)ineerin) 9ournal, -1+ 1.1-1.*. Reet&, -AA-, Lipase seba%ai Bio!atalis, 5urrent O/inion in 5hemical Biolo)y, $+1.515A Ehtt/II@@@.)eocities.comII9urnal Ilmiah, !ia4ses 15 Mei -AA9F. Richtler, <.9. !an 0naut, 19*., #hallen%es to a Mat$re Ind$stri: Mar!etin% and Economics of &leochemicals in .estern E$rope, 9.Am.Oil.5hem. 7oc., $1,1$A. Rismana, %., -AA5, /l$!osamina Pen%hadan% Ane!a /i4iranra4yat.comIceta4I-AA5IA,A5IA,Ica4ra@ala. Penya!it, htt/+I@@@.

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