A RESEARCH ON DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER AT GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Submitted by

V.YAMUNADEVI
REG NO: 12MBA097

Under the Guidance of MR.V.PREMKUMAR, MBA Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE MADAGADIPET, PUDUCHERRY, PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY, JULY 2013.
SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This to certify that the project work entitled A DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR MULTIFUNCTION RESEARCH PRINTER ON AT

GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS done by V.YAMUNADEVI [ REGISTER NO: 12MBA097 ] in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Master of Business Administration by Pondicherry University during the academic year 2012 2014.

INTERNAL GUIDE

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Submitted for Viva-Voce Examination held on ___________________

EXTERNAL EXAMINER 1. 2.

ACKNOWLDEGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be incomplete without mentioning the names of persons who helped me to make it possible. I take this privilege to express a few words of gratitude and respect to all those who helped in the completion of this summer project. I express my deep gratitude to Mr. M. Dhanasekaran Chairman & Managing Director and Mr. S. V. Sugumaran Vice Chairman of Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College.

I am extremely grateful to my Principal cum Director Dr. V. S. K. Venkatachalapathy for providing necessary and essential facilities to do this project work.

My special thanks to Prof. Mr. N. S. N. Cailassame MBA., Associate Professor, Department of Management studies for his motivation and providing me the permission in doing this summer project successfully. I express my sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to Mr. V. PREMKUMAR, MBA, Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, for his

encouragement, support and guidance to complete this project work successfully. I express my deep sense of gratitude and convey my heartiest thanks to MR.ARUN SUBBU RANGAM PROPRIETER OF Q-TECH SERVICES Finally, I express our sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my parents for giving timely advice in all ways and in all aspects for the success of this project work.

CONTENT

CONTENT

CHAPTER

TITLE

PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH DESIGN

1-16

II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

17-18

III

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF INDUSTRY

19-21

IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

22-59

FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 60-64

ANNEXURES QUESTIONNAIRE BIBLIOGRAPHY

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO TABLES Table shows respondents based on their usage of printers in government departments PAGE NO. 22

4.1

4.2

Table shows based on the years of usage of their existing printer in government departments

23

4.3

Table shows the awareness about the malfunction printer in government departments

24

4.4

Table shows respondents based on their usage of color printing in government departments

25

4.5

Table shows the type of documents printed in color in government departments

26

4.6

Table shows the view of respondents on creating demand based on all in one future in government departments

27

4.7

Table shows multifunction printer usage in different sector in government departments

28

4.8

Table shows the reference to prefer multifunction printer in government departments

29

4.9

Table shows respondents having job accounting software in government departments

30

4.10

Table shows the type of cost influencing to buy multifunction printer in government departments

31

4.11

Table shows respondents awareness on cost difference in

32

government departments

4.12

Table shows cost as an influencing factor to demand multifunction printer in government departments

33

4.13

Table shows after sales service as an influencing factor to buy multifunction printer in government departments

34

4.14

Table shows respondents willingness to buy multifunction printer in government departments

35

4.15

Table shows respondents based on their usage of printers in educational institutions

36

4.16

Table shows based on the years of usage of their existing printer in educational institutions

37

4.17

Table shows the awareness about the multifunction printer in educational institutions

38

4.18

Table shows respondents based on their usage of color printing in educational institutions

39

4.19

Table shows the type of documents printed in color in educational institutions

40

4.20

Table shows the view of respondents on creating demand based on all in one future in educational institutions

41

4.21

Table shows multifunction printer usage in different sector in educational institutions

42

4.22

Table shows the reference to prefer multifunction printer in educational institutions

43

4.23

Table shows respondents having job accounting

44

software in educational institutions

4.24

Table shows the type of cost influencing to buy multifunction printer in educational institutions

45

4.25

Table shows after sales service as an influencing factor to buy multifunction printer in educational institutions

46

4.26

Table shows respondents willingness to buy multifunction printer in educational institutions

47

4.27

Analysis of opinion of respondents regarding the cost difference of multifunction printer and demand in government departments (using correlation)

50

4.28

Analysis of opinion of respondents regarding the cost difference of multifunction printer and demand in educational institutions (using correlation)

52

4.29

Table showing the ranking of influencing factors to demand multifunction printer in government departments (using weighted average)

54

4.30

Table showing the ranking of influencing factors to demand multifunction printer in educational institutions (using weighted average)

55

4.31

Table showing the sales sheet of the company for the year 2013

56

LIST OF CHARTS
CHART NO CHART Chart shows respondents based on their usage of printers in government departments PAGE NO 22

4.1

4.2

Chart shows based on the years of usage of their existing printer in government departments

23

4.3

Chart shows the awareness about the malfunction printer in government departments

24

4.4

Chart shows respondents based on their usage of color printing in government departments

25

4.5

Chart shows the type of documents printed in color in government departments

26

4.6

Chart shows the view of respondents on creating demand based on all in one future in government departments

27

4.7

Chart shows multifunction printer usage in different sector in government departments

28

4.8

Chart shows the reference to prefer multifunction printer in government departments

29

4.9

Chart shows respondents having job accounting software in government departments

30

4.10

Chart shows the type of cost influencing to buy multifunction printer in government departments

31

4.11

Chart shows respondents awareness on cost difference in government departments

32

4.12

Chart shows cost as an influencing factor to demand multifunction printer in government departments

33

4.13

Chart shows after sales service as an influencing factor to buy multifunction printer in government departments Chart shows respondents willingness to buy multifunction printer in government departments

34

4.14

35

4.15

Chart shows respondents based on their usage of printers in educational institutions

36

4.16

Chart shows based on the years of usage of their existing printer in educational institutions

37

4.17

Chart shows the awareness about the multifunction printer in educational institutions Chart shows respondents based on their usage of color printing in educational institutions

38

4.18

39

4.19

Chart shows the type of documents printed in color in educational institutions

40

4.20

Chart shows the view of respondents on creating demand based on all in one future in educational institutions Chart shows multifunction printer usage in different sector in educational institutions Chart shows the reference to prefer multifunction printer in educational institutions Chart shows respondents having job accounting software in educational institutions

41

4.21

42

4.22

43

4.23

44

4.24

Chart shows the type of cost influencing to buy multifunction printer in educational institutions

45

4.25

Chart shows after sales service as an influencing factor to buy multifunction printer in educational institutions

46

4.26

Chart shows respondents willingness to buy multifunction printer in educational institutions

47

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT
This project titled A research on demand analysis of multifunction printer at government departments and educational institutions is intended to know about how much customers demand multifunction printer among other printers in government departments and educational institutions. It also gives detailed explanation about the factors and features people consider most to prefer multifunction printer. Primarily the well defined objectives are framed according to the study then questionnaire is prepared based upon it directly. The prepared questionnaire was used to obtaining the response from the higher official in government departments and educational institutions. The response given by the higher officials are analyzed and interpreted using different type of statistical tools such as Percentage Analysis, Weighted average method and Correlation. The project also helps to forecast the demand for

multifunction printer for the coming year. It helps to know about the market life of the printers, customers view about the printers. The factors considered include quality, accuracy, speed, dual printing and all in one feature. From the research it is found that there exist demand for multifunction printer in government departments and educational institutions and most of higher officials rank cost as the factor to consider while buying multifunction printer. Majority of the higher officials ranked quality as the first influencing factor to consider while buying multifunction printer.

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH DESIGN

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
MEANING OF DEMAND Demand is the quantity of a good or service that consumers and businesses are willing and able to buy at a given price in a given time period. Market demand is the sum of the individual demand for a product from buyers in the market. If more buyers enter the market and they have the ability to pay for items on sale, then market demand at each price level will rise.

DEFINITION OF DEMAND The market glossary defines demand as "the want or desire to possess a good or service with the necessary goods, services, or financial instruments necessary to make a legal transaction for those goods or services."

DEMAND ANALYSIS IN MARKET Companies use market demand analysis to understand how much consumer demand exists for a product or service. This analysis helps management determine if they can successfully enter a market and generate enough profits to advance their business operations. While several methods of demand analysis may be used, they usually contain a review of the basic components of an economic market which are: Market identification Business cycle Product niche Growth potential Competition

MARKET IDENTIFICATION The first step of market analysis is to define and identify the specific market to target with new products or services. Companies will use market surveys or consumer feedback to determine their satisfaction with current products and services. Comments

indicating dissatisfaction will lead businesses to develop new products or services to meet this consumer demand. While companies will usually identify markets close to their current product line, new industries may be tested for business expansion possibilities.

BUSINESS CYCLE Once a potential market is identified, companies will assess what stage of the business cycle the market is in. Three stages exist in the business cycle: emerging, plateau and declining. Markets in the emerging stage indicate higher consumer demand and low supply of current products or services. The plateau stage is the break-even level of the market, where the supply of goods meets current market demand. Declining stages indicate lagging consumer demand for the goods or services supplied by businesses.

PRODUCT NICHE Once markets and business cycles are reviewed, companies will develop a product that meets a specific niche in the market. Products must be differentiated from others in the market so they meet a specific need of consumer demand, creating higher demand for their product or service. Many companies will conduct tests in sample markets to determine which of their potential product styles is most preferred by consumers. Companies will also develop their goods so that competitors cannot easily duplicate their product.

GROWTH POTENTIAL While every market has an initial level of consumer demand, specialized products or goods can create a sense of usefulness, which will increase demand. Examples of specialized products are iPods or phones, which entered the personal electronics market and increased demand through their perceived usefulness by consumers. This type of demand quickly increases the demand for current markets, allowing companies to increase profits through new consumer demand.

COMPETITION An important factor of market analysis is determining the number of competitors and their current market share. Markets in the emerging stage of the

business cycle tend to have fewer competitors, meaning a higher profit margin may be earned by companies. Once a market becomes saturated with competing companies and products, fewer profits are achieved and companies will begin to lose money. As markets enter the declining business cycle, companies will conduct a new market analysis to find more profitable markets

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DEMAND SITUATIONS Negative demand: If the market response to a product is negative, it shows that people are not aware of the features of the service and the benefits offered. Under such circumstances, the marketing unit of a service firm has to understand the psyche of the potential buyers and find out the prime reason for the rejection of the service. For example: if passengers refuse a bus conductor's call to board the bus. The service firm has to come up with an appropriate strategy to remove the misunderstandings of the potential buyers. A strategy needs to be designed to transform the negative demand into a positive demand.

No demand: If people are unaware, have insufficient information about a service or due to the consumer's indifference this type of a demand situation could occur. The marketing unit of the firm should focus on promotional campaigns and communicating reasons for potential customers to use the firm's services. Service differentiation is one of the popular strategies used to compete in a no demand situation in the market.

Latent demand: At any given time it is impossible to have a set of services that offer total satisfaction to all the needs and wants of society. In the market there exists a gap between desirables and the available. There is always a search on for better and newer offers to fill the gap between desirability and availability. Latent demand is a phenomenon of any economy at any given time, it should be looked upon as a business opportunity by service firms and they should orient themselves to identify and exploit such opportunities at the right time. For example a passenger traveling in an ordinary bus dreams of traveling in a luxury bus. Therefore, latent demand is nothing but the gap between desirability and availability.

Seasonal demand: Some services do not have an all year round demand; they might be required only at a certain period of time. Seasons all over the world are very diverse. Seasonal demands create many problems to service organizations, such as idling the capacity, fixed cost and excess expenditure on marketing and promotions. Strategies used by firms to overcome this hurdle are like - to nurture the service consumption habit of customers so as to make the demand unseasonal, or other than that firms recognize markets elsewhere in the world during the off-season period. Hence, this presents an opportunity to target different markets with the appropriate season in different parts of the world. For example the need for Christmas cards comes around once a year or the, seasonal fruits in a country.

MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER An MFP (Multi Function Product/ Printer/ Peripheral), multifunctional, all-inone (AIO), or Multifunction Device (MFD), is an office machine which incorporates the functionality of multiple devices in one, so as to have a smaller footprint in a home or small business setting (the SOHO market segment), or to provide centralized document management/distribution/production in a large-office setting. A typical MFP may act as a combination of some or all of the following devices: E-Mail Fax Photocopier Printer Scanner

A Hewlett-Packard Photo smart C3180, featuring card readers and photo printing. An example of an AIO.

TYPES OF MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER

MFP manufacturers traditionally divided MFPs into various segments. The segments roughly divide the MFPs according to their speed in pages per minute (ppm) and duty cycle/robustness. Despite this, many manufacturers are beginning to avoid the segment definition for their products, as speed and basic functionality alone are often not sufficient to differentiate the many features that the devices are capable of. Two color MFPs of a similar speed will be in the same segment, despite having potentially very different feature sets, and therefore very different prices. From a marketing perspective, the manufacturer of the more expensive MFP would want to differentiate their product as much as possible to justify the price difference, and therefore the segment definition is avoided.

Many MFP types, regardless of the category they fall in to, also come in a "printer only" variety, which is the same model without the scanner unit included. This is even the case with devices where the scanner unit physically appears to be highly integrated into the product.

Today, Multifunction printers are available from just about all printer manufacturers. They are designed for home, small business, enterprise and commercial use. Naturally, the cost, usability, robustness, throughput, output quality, etc. all vary with the various use cases. . However, they all generally do the same functions; Print, Scan, Fax, and Photocopy. In the commercial/enterprise area, most MFP have used Laser Printer technology, while in the personal, SOHO

environments, Inkjet Printer technology has been used. Typically Inkjet printers have struggled with delivering the performance and color saturation demanded by enterprise/large business use. However, HP has recently launched a business grade MFP using Inkjet technology.

In any case, instead of rigidly defined segments based on speed, more general definitions based on intended target audience and capabilities are now becoming much more common. While there is no formal definition, it is common agreed amongst MFP manufacturers that the products fall roughly into the following categories

ALL IN ONE PRINTER

An AIO is a small desktop unit, designed for home or home office use. Generally the features an AIO has focus on scan and print functionality for home use, and may come with bundled software for organizing photos, simple OCR and other uses of interest to a home user. An AIO will always include the basic functions of Print and Scan, with most also including Copy functionality and a lesser number with Fax capabilities.

AIO devices are usually not networked and are generally connected by USB or Parallel.

An interesting note about AIO devices is that they often have features lacking in the larger devices, due to their target towards home users. These functions include smart card readers, direct connection to digital cameras (e.g. PictBridge technology) and other similar uses.

The print engine of most AIOs is based on either a home desktop inkjet printer, or a home desktop laser printer. They may be black and white or color capable.

On some AIOs, like the Hewlett-Packard Photosmart C8180 printer, have a DVD burner and Light scribe functionality where the user could burn DVDs and create an image on a special Light scribe DVD or CD using special software like Roxio or Nero AG Software Suite to create the image. To create a Light scribe image, it takes about 1025 minutes to make.

OFFICE MFP A mid-sized freestanding unit, designed as a central office system. These units are usually the most fully featured type of MFP. They include the basic Print, Copy and Scan functions with optional fax functionality as well as networked document storage with security, authentication using common network user credentials, ability to run custom software (often a manufacturer will supply a Software Development Kit),.

Office MFPs usually have moderately advanced finishing functions as options such as duplexing, stapling, hole punching, offset modes and booklet creation. Office MFPs are almost always networked, however some have optional or standard (but infrequently used) USB and parallel connections. Most Office MFPs have their history in mid range photocopiers (both color and black and white), and the print engine is therefore based around this type of technology, however, Hewlett Packard recently introduced two Office MFPs based on fixed head Inkjet technology.

PRODUCTION PRINTING MFP A large sized freestanding unit, designed as a central printing device or reprographic department device.

These devices, while far larger and more expensive than Office MFPs, generally do not have all of the advanced network functionality of their smaller relations. They instead concentrate on high speed, high quality output, and highly advanced finishing functionality including book creation with cover insertion (including hot-glue binding) and so on. Production Printing itself is often further divided into "light" production printing and "heavy" production printing, with the differentiating factor being the speed. A 100ppm device for example, falls into the light Production Printing category by the standards of most manufacturers.

Because of the focus on printing, while most Production Printing MFPs have a scanner, it is infrequently used and often only has very basic functionality. There are a variety of different print engines for Production Printing MFPs, however in the "light" end of the Production Printing market, most are based on the large Office MFPs, which themselves are based on photocopier technology as described above.

CHARACTERISTICS It is useful to consider the features and functions of an MFP before integrating it into a home or office environment. It is possible to have an MFP with almost all of the features and functions listed below; however a typical AIO or SOHO MFP is unlikely to incorporate many of these.

An (incomplete) list of features that an MFP may offer or will vary depending on the MFP under consideration (in any segment).

MFP MANUFACTURERS/BRANDS INCLUDE

brother Canon Dell Epson Hewlett-Packard Kodak Konica Minolta Kyocera Lexmark Oce (Canon) Okidata Olivetti Panasonic Ricoh Samsung Sharp Toshiba Utah Xerox

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Demand analysis plays an important role whenever a product is launched into the market. It helps to find out how much the product is required by the customer.

This project was done by the researcher in order to find out the demand existing in the market for the Multifunction printer at Q-tech services as there were no proper resources available in the company to analyze the demand and to bring out the view regarding the multifunction printer from customers. So far the company has been concentrating on small medium enterprises and sale of printers at home and now it needs to extend the sale of multifunction printer by concentrating more on government departments and educational institutions.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To analyze the demand for Multifunction printers at Government departments and educational institutions. To find the awareness of the Multifunction printers among the Government departments and educational institutions. To find the factors influencing for the demand of Multifunction printers at Qtech services. To forecast the demand for the Multifunction printer for the year 2014 using quantitative techniques.

1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis 1:

Ho: there is no relationship between cost difference awareness and demand for multifunction printer H1: there is a relationship between cost difference awareness and demand for multifunction printer

1.5 NEED OF THE STUDY

To analyze how much the Multifunction printer is demanded by the customers in public and private sector. To know the company Q-tech services where the product stands in the minds of the customer. To know the features expected by the customers in government departments and educational institutions while buying the product. To learn whether people are well aware regarding the knowledge about types of printers and features. To know whether the Multifunction printer can withstand in market among all type of printers.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study is to find out how the market demand plays an important role for Multifunction printer at Q-tech services. This study helps to bring out to the light the hidden factors playing important role for influencing demand for the product. This study helps to know the market life of the Multifunction printer in the future. This study helps to extend the Multifunction printer to different sectors. This study focuses on technological factors and features that have improved recently in printers. This study helps to know what the customer expects from office automated products. It also covers the type of different level of workers in management and their usage of printers.

1.7 GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE

The well defined objectives are framed according to the research then questionnaire is prepared based upon it directly. The prepared questionnaire is used to get the response from the supervisors in government departments and higher officials in educational institutions. The sample size is 60. The response was given by the supervisors in various government departments and principal of educational institutions.

1.8 FIELD WORK AND COLLECTION OF DATA

NATURE OF DATA: Primary data The primary data are collected from the government employees and higher officials in educational institutions through a direct structured questionnaire.

Secondary data Company profiles, websites, magazines, articles, Company previous years sales record were used widely as a support to primary data.

DATA COLLECTION TOOL: The data required for this study were collected from primary data and secondary data. The primary data were collected mainly from the questionnaire. The secondary data were collected from Companys previous sales record.

QUESTIONNAIRE: The questions are arranged logical sequence. The questionnaire consists of a variety of questions presented to the respondents. Dichotomous questions, multiple choice questions, ranking questions were used in constructing questionnaire.

1.9LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The time period of the study is very short, so elaborate study was not made. Only certain factors are considered in this research to analyze the demand for Multifunction printer. The demand forecasted may have uncertainty due to advent of technology. The survey taken by means of questionnaire in government departments had some restrictions due to confidential matters.

1.10 MAIN STUDY

RESEARCH MEANING Research is an art of scientific investigation. According to Redman and Mary defines research as a systematic effort to gain knowledge.

Research methodology is way to systematically solve the research problem. It is a plan of action for a research project and explains in detail how data are collected and analyzed. This research study is a descriptive research study.

RESEARCH DESIGN A research design is a plan that specifies the objectives of the study, method to be adopted in the data collection, tools in data analysis and hypothesis to be framed.

A research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure.

SAMPLE DESIGN The sampling technique used in this research method is the convenient sampling where the samples are taken according to the researchers convenience.

SAMPLE SIZE It refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute as a sample. In this research a sample size of 60 was taken with 30 from government departments and 30 from educational institutions.

1.11 DATA ANALYSIS

STATISTICAL TOOLS USED To analyze and interpret collected data the following statistical tools were used. Percentage method Correlation Weighted average method

PERCENTAGE METHOD The percentage is used for making comparison between two or more series of data. It is used to classify the opinion of the respondent for different factors. It is calculated as

No of respondents favorable PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENT= ------------------------------------------- X 100 Total no of respondents

CORRELATION
The correlation analysis deals with association between two or more variables. The correlation does not necessary imply causation or functional relationship though the existence of causation always implies correlation. By itself it establishes only covariance. It is used to find the degree of relationship between motivation and work satisfaction. Cov(x, y) = 1/n x y x y x = 1/n x2 x 2 y = 1/n y2 y 2

Cov(x, y) r= Here, r = co-efficient of correlation. x X y

WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD

It is used to find the rank or weight age of the factor in which customer is giving importance while buying multifunction printer. To calculate a weighted

average each value needs to be assigned a weight of how often it occurs. This weighted average is multiplied by the value. Add these numbers together to get the total value. You will have to also add each weight together to get the total weight. Using the figures you just complied divide the total value by the total weight to reach the weighted average.

CHAPTER-2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER-2 2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

According to MISS.DANA GRAFFIN (1999) You do not have to be a market research expert to analyze customer' needs and figure out how to meet them. Proper market research analyzes market size, competitors, and most importantly, demand for a product. Your market research plan should do six things: measure customer demand, identify trends, analyze buyer behavior, analyze competitor behavior, identify target markets and determine sales potential.

PAMELA S.NORUM, Analysis of demand for counterfeit goods, university of Columbia, The production, distribution and consumption of counterfeit goods have been increasing at an alarming rate. Current legislation addresses the supply side of the problem, but not the demand side of the problem. Consumer education may be a feasible approach for addressing the demand side of the problem.

Prior researches have shown that consumers ethical attitudes can affect the likelihood of purchasing counterfeit goods. Economic benefits can also drive the demand for counterfeit goods. In addition socio-economic and demographic characteristics also influence the demand for the counterfeit goods.

Cotter ill, Ronald and Haller, Lawrence E, Analysis of demand for cereal: according to the market potential, This study is the only public study to date that has had access to weekly brand level coupon distribution data by city, and Nielsen group rating points (GRP), which are weekly measures of ad exposure for a brand in local city market areas. Thus it provides own and cross brand coupon and advertising.

The empirical results are generally as hypothesized; own advertising and couponing increase sales, competitor activities reduce sales. The genesis of this work during litigation is an interesting story for those who would attempt to do similar work on a merger case. The acquisition of Nabisco Shredded Wheat by Philip Morris via its Kraft General Foods subsidiary occurred in the fall of 1992.

A full understanding of this econometric foray into court requires reading of the defendant economist expert report, especially the statistical analysis, the trial transcript, and the courts opinion. The defendants economists report is briefly critiqued at the end of this report. It is a classic example of demand analysis using garbage in and out method.

Paulo M. M. Rodriguez, Demand analysis of tourism in online, based on new trends of tourism, The Internet has revolutionized the way of travelling by loosening and customizing touristic products. The Internet has enabled the creation of a tailor made touristic trip.

It makes the choice of personalized products possible, in accordance with the taste and wishes of each traveller. According to the results, the Internet and all technological developments have had a significant and positive contribution on tourism demand.

The volume of worldwide tourists has grown markedly. Tourists increasingly resort to the Internet to search and to buy their travel components, to find new destinations and to obtain new experiences. The Internet is the ideal partner for the tourism activity, since it enables information sharing and distribution of tourism products.

Panel data models are a useful and appropriate method for the analysis and modelling of tourism demand. These models consider both the time series and the cross-sectional dimensions of the data and allow for the inclusion of social variables. The results of estimation of tourism demand, through panel data models, show that the Internet and the sharp technological development have encouraged the increasing

demand for tourism. The growing number of tourism companies online will naturally promote or potentiate an increase of tourism demand.

CHAPTER-3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF INDUSTRY

CHAPTER-III
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF COMPANY
COMPANY PROFILE Q tech Services is a office automation solution provider providing the best solutions to the customers looking for quality office automation products like photocopiers , printers, color production printers, scanner, and total office supplies thro it retail arm in the name of Office1superstore . it is also Successfully handling outsourced business processes like Service Management, Marketing office automation products / services, Inventory management, Receivables Management, Logistics Management for Leading Multinational organizations. Commitment and Consistency in delivering results is a way of life in Q tech has completed one decade in this business operations spread across in Pondicherry, Vellore

KEY PRINCIPLES
Qtechs one of major key principle Business partner is M/s Xerox corporation, Riso, Kodak; we are also the dealers of number of other world-renowned companies dealing in electronic products. Qtech manages various performance deliveries through dedicated Marketing Team, Service Team, Logistics team and Collection Team administered by able team of Administrators. Quality & the customer satisfaction is the key focus of Qtech services and the policies of Qtech are tailored to meet the customers requirements.

VISION To maintain Every Customer Very Satisfied With High Quality, and to provide need based After Sales Service through Various Innovative, Creative & Quality Programmes To maintain Leadership in the Market

SERVICES

Initially evolved as an Authorized service provider for Xerox India Limited in Chennai and continuing as a strong service partner with a consistent commitment to service deliveries expected by Xerox Corporation.

Awarded as Best National Service provider by Xerox India Limited. Team of Service engineers besides professionally trained in the products, they are trained in soft skills like Customer Care Program, Personality Development Module, Self Managed Work Group (SMWG) etc., conducted by Xerox Corporation.

All service personnel are mobile and equipped with Cell phones, Laptops etc, for quick access to customers for the faster response and minimum Downtime in SLA.

Dedicated stores, Logistics facility to cater the supply of spares and consumables.

Dedicated call center to receive customer queries and complaints. All service process are effectively managed by customized software to have an online MIS for consistent improvement of performance.

SMWG work way in progress for committed, self empowered work force to achieve greater results through innovative and creative ideas.

Attractive Service contract to cover your Xerox product Have "Piece of Mind" in using Xerox products to the optimum performance and life by availing our following service contracts.

COMPANY PROFILE Proprietor: V. Arun Subbu Rangan Started at: 25-8-2002 Pondicherry: No. 65 6th Cross Anna Nagar, Nellithope Pondy - 605 005. Phone: 0413 - 2205012, 0413 - 2204300 E-Mail: qtechservices@airtelmail.in Vellore: No:10 ,14th east cross road, East Gandhi Nagar, Vellore - 632006. Phone: 0416-2241391 E-Mail: qtechservices@airtelmail.in Cuddalore: No:7A, Lokambal kovil Street, Seetaram Nagar, Pudupalayam, Cuddalore - 607001. Phone: 9894643700 E-Mail: qtechservices@airtelmail.in

CHAPTER-4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTREPRETATION

CHAPTER-4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
TABLE SHOWING RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR USAGE OF PRINTERS [FOR GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS] TABLE NO: 4.1 PARTICULARS Laser printer Inkjet printer Multifunction printer Others Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.1 CHART SHOWING RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR USAGE OF PRINTERS NO. OF RESPONDENTS 11 5 10 4 30 PERCENTAGE 30.67 16.67 33.33 13.33 100

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 30.67% of the people use laser printer in their office, 16.67% of people use inkjet printer, 33.33% of people use multifunction printer and 13.33% of people use other printers such as dot matrix in their concern.

TABLE SHOWING BASED ON THE YEARS OF USAGE OF THEIR EXISTING MACHINE TABLE NO: 4.2 PARTICULARS 2 years 3years 4years 5years Total Source : Primary Data NO OF RESPONDENTS 10 5 7 8 30 PERCENTAGE 33.33 16.67 23.33 26.67 100

CHART NO: 4.2 CHART SHOWING BASED ON THE YEARS OF USAGE OF THEIR EXISTING MACHINE

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 33.33% of the people have purchased their existing printer 2 years back, 16.67% of the people have purchased 3 years back, 23.33% of the people have purchased 4 years back and 26.67% of the people have purchased 5 years back.

TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR AWARENESS ABOUT MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER TABLE NO: 4.3 PARTICULARS Aware Not aware Total Source : Primary Data NO OF RESPONDENTS 25 5 30 PERCENTAGE 83.33 16.67 100

CHART NO: 4.3 CHART SHOWING THE NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR AWARENESS ABOUT MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE
From the above table it is inferred that 83.33% of the people are aware of the multifunction printer and 16.67% of the people are unaware of the multifunction printer.

TABLE SHOWING RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR USAGE OF COLOR PRINTING TABLE NO: 4.4 PARTICULARS yes no Total Source : Primary Data NO OF RESPONDENTS 11 19 30 PERCENTAGE 36.67 63.33 100

CHART NO: 4.4 CHART SHOWING RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR USAGE OF COLOR PRINTING

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 36.67% of the people use colored prints in their office and 63.33% of the people use uncolored prints in their office.

TABLE SHOWING THE TYPE OF DOCUMENTS PRINTED IN COLOR TABLE NO: 4.5 PARTICULARS Projects Paper presentations Memorandum Brochures Others Total Source : Primary Data NO OF RESPONDENTS 7 8 6 5 4 30 PERCENTAGE 23.33 26.67 20 16.67 13.33 100

CHART NO: 4.5 CHART SHOWING THE TYPE OF DOCUMENTS PRINTED IN COLOR

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 23.33% are using colored prints in projects, 26.67% are using paper presentations in projects, 20% are using colored prints for memorandum, 16.67% are using for their brochures, and 13.33% use for other purposes.

TABLE SHOWING THE VIEW OF RESPONDENTS ON CREATING DEMAND BASED ON ALL IN ONE FEATURE TABLE NO: 4.6 PARTICULARS Yes no Total Source : Primary Data NO OF RESPONDENTS 24 6 30 PERCENTAGE 80 20 100

CHART NO: 4.6 CHART SHOWING THE VIEW OF RESPONDENTS ON CREATING DEMAND BASED ON ALL IN ONE FEATURE

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 80% of the respondents say that multifunction printer creates demand because of its all in one feature and 20% say that multifunction printer does not create any demand because of its all in one feature.

TABLE SHOWING MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER USAGE IN DIFFERENT SECTOR TABLE NO: 4.7 PARTICULARS Administration Accounts Sales Management Total Source : Primary Data NO. OF RESPONDENTS 15 7 3 5 30 PERCENTAGE 50 23.33 10 16.67 100

CHART NO: 4.7 CHART SHOWING MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER USAGE IN DIFFERENT SECTOR

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE

From the above table it is inferred that 50% people are using multifunction printer for administration sector, 23.33% are using for Accounts, 10% are using it for sales and 16.67% are using it for management TABLE SHOWING THE REFERENCES TO PREFER MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER TABLE NO: 4.8 PARTICULARS Internet sites Advertising media Colleagues Friends Computer dealers Total Source : Primary Data NO OF RESPONDENTS 6 5 2 1 16 30 PERCENTAGE 20 16.67 6.67 3.33 53.33 100

CHART NO: 4.8 CHART SHOWING THE REFERENCES TO PREFER MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE

From the above table it is inferred that 20% of people go for multifunction printer by referring internet sites, 16.67% by referring advertising media, 6.67% go by referring friends, 3.33% go for multifunction printer by referring friends, and 53.33% of people go by referring computer dealers. TABLE SHOWING RESPONDANTS HAVING JOB ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE TABLE NO: 4.9 PARTICULARS yes no Total Source : Primary Data NO OF RESPONDENTS 11 19 30 PERCENTAGE 36.67 63.33 100

CHART NO: 4.9 CHART SHOWING RESPONDANTS HAVING JOB ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE

From the above table it is inferred that 36.67% of people have job accounting software in their office and 63.33% of people do not have job accounting software in their office.

TABLE SHOWING THE TYPE OF COST INFLUENCING TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER TABLE NO: 4.10 PARTICULARS Capital cost Running cost Total Source : Primary Data NO OF RESPONDENTS 13 17 30 PERCENTAGE 43.33 56.67 100

CHART NO: 4.10 CHART SHOWING THE TYPE OF COST INFLUENCING TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE

From the above table it is inferred that 43.33% of people capital cost as the important factor in the buying process of multifunction printer and 56.67% of people consider running cost as an important factor in the buying process of multifunction printer.

TABLE SHOWING RESPONDENTS AWARENESS ON COST DIFFERENCE TABLE NO: 4.11 PARTICULARS yes no total Source : Primary Data NO OF RESPONDENTS 19 11 30 PERCENTAGE 63.34 36.67 100

CHART NO: 4.11 CHART SHOWING RESPONDENTS AWARENESS ON COST DIFFERENCE

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 63.34% of people are aware about the cost difference between multifunction printer and other printer and 36.67% of the people are not aware about the cost difference between multifunction printer and other printers.

TABLE SHOWING SIZE AS AN INFLUENCING FEATURE TO DEMAND MULTIFUNCTION FEATURE TABLE NO: 4.12 PARTICULARS yes no Total Source : Primary Data NO OF RESPONDENTS 20 10 30 PERCENTAGE 66.67 33.33 100

CHART NO: 4.12 CHART SHOWING SIZE AS AN INFLUENCING FEATURE TO DEMAND MULTIFUNCTION FEATURE

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 66.67% of people consider size as the important feature to demand multifunction printer and 33.33% of people does not consider size as the important feature to demand multifunction printer.

TABLE SHOWING AFTER SALES SERVICE AS AN INFLUENCING FACTOR TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER TABLE NO: 4.13

PARTICULARS
Yes No Total Source : Primary Data

NO OF RESPONDENTS 20 10 30

PERCENTAGE 66.67 33.33 100

CHART NO: 4.13 CHART SHOWING AFTER SALES SERVICE AS AN INFLUENCING FACTOR TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER

Source : Primary Data

INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 66.67% of people have influence over after sales service support in demanding multifunction printer and 33.33% of people does not have any influence over sales service support.

TABLE SHOWS RESPONDENTS WILLINGNESS TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER FOR RENTAL TABLE NO: 4.14 PARTICULARS Yes No Total NO OF RESPONDENTS 5 25 30 PERCENTAGE 33.33 83.33 100

CHART NO: 4.14 CHART SHOWS RESPONDENTS WILLINGNESS TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER FOR RENTAL

INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 33.33% of people would intend to buy multifunction printer for rental and 83.33% of people would not intend to buy for rental.

TABLE SHOWING RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR USAGE OF PRINTERS [EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS] TABLE NO: 4.15 PARTICULARS Laser printer Inkjet printer Multifunction printer Others Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.15 CHART SHOWING RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR USAGE OF PRINTERS NO. OF RESPONDENTS 17 6 5 2 30 PERCENTAGE 56.67 20 16.67 6.67 100

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 56.67% of the people use laser printer in their office, 20% of people use inkjet printer, 16.67% of people use multifunction printer and 6.67% of people use other printers such as dot matrix in their educational institutions.

TABLE SHOWING BASED ON THE YEARS OF USAGE OF THEIR EXISTING PRINTER TABLE NO: 4.16 PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 2 years 3years 4years 5years Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.16 CHART SHOWING BASED ON THE YEARS OF USAGE OF THEIR EXISTING PRINTER 13 9 6 1 30 43.33 30 20 3.33 100

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 43.33% of the people have purchased their existing printer 2 years back, 30% of the people have purchased 3 years back, 20% of the people have purchased 4 years back and 3.33% of the people have purchased 5 years back.

TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR AWARENESS ABOUT THE MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER TABLE NO: 4.17 PARTICULARS Aware Not aware Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.17 CHART SHOWING THE NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR AWARENESS ABOUT THE MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER NO OF RESPONDENTS 23 7 30 PERCENTAGE 76.67 23.33 100

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 76.67% of the people are aware of the multifunction printer and 23.33% of the people are unaware of the multifunction printer.

TABLE SHOWING RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR USAGE OF COLOR PRINTING TABLE NO: 4.18 PARTICULARS yes no Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.18 CHART SHOWING RESPONDENTS BASED ON THEIR USAGE OF COLOR PRINTING NO OF RESPONDENTS 7 23 30 PERCENTAGE 23.33 76.67 100

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 23.33% of the people use colored prints in their office and 76.67% of the people use uncolored prints in their educational institutions.

TABLE SHOWING THE TYPE OF DOCUMENTS PRINTED IN COLOR TABLE NO: 4.19 PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE Projects Paper presentations Memorandum Brochures Others Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.19 CHART SHOWING THE TYPE OF DOCUMENTS PRINTED IN COLOR 8 7 5 4 6 30 26.67 23.33 16.67 13.33 20 100

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 26.67% are using colored prints in projects, 23.33% are using paper presentations in projects, 16.67% are using colored prints for memorandum, 13.33% are using for their brochures, and 20% use for other purposes in educational institutions.

TABLE SHOWING THE VIEW OF RESPONDENTS ON CREATING DEMAND BASED ON ALL IN ONE FEATURE TABLE NO: 4.20 PARTICULARS Yes no Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.20 CHART SHOWING THE VIEW OF RESPONDENTS ON CREATING DEMAND BASED ON ALL IN ONE FEATURE NO OF RESPONDENTS 23 7 30 PERCENTAGE 83.33 23.33 100

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 83.33% of the respondents say that multifunction printer creates demand because of its all in one feature and 23.33% say that multifunction printer does not create any demand because of its all in one feature.

TABLE SHOWING MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER USAGE IN DIFFERENT SECTOR TABLE NO: 4.21 PARTICULARS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE Administration Accounts Sales Management Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.21 CHART SHOWING MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER USAGE IN DIFFERENT SECTOR 16 3 5 6 30 53.33 10 16.67 20 100

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 53.33% people are using multifunction printer for administration sector, 10% are using for Accounts, 16.67% are using it for sales and 20% are using it for management.

TABLE SHOWING THE REFERENCES TO PREFER MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER TABLE NO: 4.22 PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE Internet sites Advertising media Colleagues Friends Computer dealers Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.22 CHART SHOWING THE REFERENCES TO PREFER MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER 6 5 4 1 14 30 20 16.67 13.33 3.33 46.67 100

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 20% of people go for multifunction printer by referring internet sites, 16.67% by referring advertising media, 13.33% go by referring friends, 3.33% go for multifunction printer by referring friends, and 46.67% of people go by referring computer dealers in educational institutions.

TABLE SHOWING RESPONDENTS HAVING JOB ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE TABLE NO: 4.23 PARTICULARS
yes no

NO OF RESPONDENTS 9 21 30

PERCENTAGE 30 70 100

Total Source : Primary Data

CHART NO: 4.23 CHART SHOWING RESPONDENTS HAVING JOB ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 30% of people have job accounting software in their educational institutions and 70% of people do not have job accounting software in their institution.

TABLE SHOWING THE TYPE OF COST INFLUENCING TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER TABLE NO: 4.24 PARTICULARS Capital cost Running cost Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.24 CHART SHOWING THE TYPE OF COST INFLUENCING TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER NO OF RESPONDENTS 12 18 30 PERCENTAGE 40 60 100

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 40% of people capital cost as the important factor in the buying process of multifunction printer and 60% of people consider running cost as an important factor in the buying process of multifunction printer.

TABLE SHOWING RESPONDENTS AWARENESS ON COST DIFFERENCE TABLE NO: 4.25 NO OF RESPONDENTS 17 13 30

PARTICULARS yes no total Source : Primary Data

PERCENTAGE 56.67 43.33 100

CHART NO: 4.25 CHART SHOWING RESPONDENTS AWARENESS ON COST DIFFERENCE

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 56.67% of people are aware about the cost difference between multifunction printer and other printer and 43.33% of the people are not aware about the cost difference between multifunction printer and other printers.

TABLE SHOWING COST AS AN INFUENCING FACTOR TO DEMAND MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER TABLE NO: 4.26 PARTICULARS yes no Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.26 CHART SHOWING COST AS AN INFUENCING FACTOR TO DEMAND MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER NO OF RESPONDENTS 21 9 30 PERCENTAGE 70 30 100

Source : Primary Data I NFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 70% of people consider size as the important feature to demand multifunction printer and 30% of people does not consider size as the important feature to demand multifunction printer.

TABLE SHOWING AFTER SALES SERVICE AS AN INFLUENCING FACTOR TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER TABLE NO: 4.27

PARTICULARS
Yes No Total Source : Primary Data

NO OF RESPONDENTS 18 12 30

PERCENTAGE 60 40 100

CHART NO: 4.27 CHART SHOWING AFTER SALES SERVICE AS AN INFLUENCING FACTOR TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 60% of people have influence over after sales service support in demanding multifunction printer and 40% of people does not have any influence over sales service support in educational institutions.

TABLE SHOWING RESPONDENTS WILLINGNESS TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER FOR RENTAL TABLE NO: 4.28 PARTICULARS Yes No Total Source : Primary Data CHART NO: 4.28 CHART SHOWING RESPONDENTS WILLINGNESS TO BUY MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER FOR RENTAL NO OF RESPONDENTS 11 19 30 PERCENTAGE 36.67 63.33 100

Source : Primary Data INFERENCE From the above table it is inferred that 36.67% of people would intend to buy multifunction printer for rental and 63.33% of people would not intend to buy for rental.

ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF COST OF MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER ON DEMAND IN GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS [USING CORRELATION]

TABLE NO: 4.27 COST DIFFERENCE AWARENESS (X) DEMAND FOR MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER(Y) 19 11

24

H0: There is no relationship between the cost difference awareness and demand for multifunction printer.

H1: There is relationship between the cost difference awareness and demand for multifunction printer.

SL NO

X2

Y2

XY

19

24

361

576

456

11

121

36

66

TOTAL

30

30

482

612

522

CALCULATION: N XY CORRELATION COEFFICIENT(r) = * (522*2)-302 CORRELATION COEFFICIENT(r) =

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT(r) =

1044 900 8* 18 144 144 1

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT(r) =

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT(r) =

INFERENCE A correlation coefficient of 1 means that the awareness cost difference and demand of the multifunction printer are perfectly correlated.

ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF COST OF MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER ON DEMAND IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS [USING CORRELATION] TABLE NO: 4.28 COST DIFFERENCE AWARENESS (X)

17

13

DEMAND FOR MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER(Y)

23

H0: There is no relationship between the cost difference awareness and demand for multifunction printer.

H1: There is relationship between the cost difference awareness and demand for multifunction printer.

SL NO 1 2 TOTAL

X 17 13 30

Y 23 7 30

X2 289 169 458

Y2 529 49 578

XY 391 91 482

CALCULATION N XY CORRELATION COEFFICIENT(r) = * (482*2)-302 CORRELATION COEFFICIENT(r) = 4* 16

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT(r) =

964 900 4* 16

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT(r) =

64 64

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT(r) =

INFERENCE A correlation coefficient of 1 means that the awareness cost difference and demand of the multifunction printer are perfectly correlated.

TABLE SHOWING THE RANKING OF INFLUENCING FACTOR FOR DEMANDING MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER [USING WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD] IN GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS. TABLE NO: 4.29 QUALITY COST DUPLEX PRINTING SPEED ACCURACY

X 1 2 3 4 5

W 5 4 3 2 1

X1 9 11 6 5 0 30

WX1 45 44 18 10 0 117 3.9 2

X2 18 6 4 2 0 30

WX2 90 24 12 4 0 130 4.33 1

X3 0 3 9 7 11 30

WX3 0 12 27 14 11 64 2.13 5

X4 2 5 4 7 12 30

WX4 10 20 12 14 12 68 2.36 4

X5 10 6 9 5 0 30

WX5 50 24 27 10 0 111 3.7 3

Total CW RANKS

INTERPRETATION: From the table it inferred that majority of the respondents have ranked cost as first, Quality as second, Accuracy as third, speed as fourth , and duplex printing as fifth factor for demanding multifunction printer. TABLE SHOWING THE RANKING OF INFLUENCING FACTOR FOR DEMANDING MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER [USING WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD] IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. TABLE NO: 4.30 DUPLEX QUALITY PRINTIN SPEED ACCURACY COST G X 1 2 3 W 5 4 3 X1 19 5 4 WX1 95 20 12 X2 12 9 7 WX2 60 20 21 X3 2 5 10 WX3 10 20 30 X4 0 0 7 WX4 0 0 21 X5 7 8 9 WX5 35 32 27

4 5 Total CW

2 1

2 0 30

4 0 131 4.36 1

2 0 30

4 0 105 3.5 3

7 6 30

14 6 80 2.66 4

8 15 30

16 15 52 1.73 5

6 0 30

12 0 106 3.53 2

RANK S

INTERPRETATION: From the table it inferred that majority of the respondents have ranked quality as first, Accuracy as second, cost as third, duplex printing as fourth , and speed as fifth factor for demanding multifunction printer TABLE NO:4.31 SALES SHEET FOR THE YEAR 2013 COMPANY NAME: QTECH SERVICES
SERIAL NO MONTH MODEL NO CANON PIX AMP 237 1 JANUARY CANONPIXMAMX397 HP DESKJET 1510 MFP NO OF UNITS 3 2 1 PRICE(Rs) 2,767 5,797 3,016 TOTAL FOR JANUARY(M1) EPSON ME 101 2 FEBRUARY CANONPIXMAMP237 2 2,767 TOTAL FOR FEBRUARY(M2) 3,016 4,275 2,767 TOTAL FOR MARCH(M3) 8,101 3,016 7,210 TOTAL FOR APRIL(M4) 5,534 15,884 9,048 12,825 11,068 32,941 16,202 9,048 14,420 39,670 3 3,450 TOTAL SALES (Rs) 8,301 11,594 3,016 22,911 10,350

HPDESKJET1510MFP 3 MARCH HPDESKJET1515MFP CANONPIXMAMFP

3 3 4

HPDESKJET5525 4 APRIL HPDESKJET1510 HP4615

2 3 2

CANONPIXMP237 5 MAY HPDESKJET1510 CANONPIXMAE610

4 5 2

2,767 3,016 7,558 TOTAL FOR MAY(M5)

11,068 15,080 15,116 26,148 10,900 10,770 9,048 7,410 38,128 8,301 11,594 16,268 36,163 10,350 11,068 14,420 35,838 11,200 10,770 7,210 36,390 11,068 34,666 45,734 23,800 10,900 8,301 43001

CANONPIXMG3570 6 JUNE CANONPIXMAMG2570 HPDESKJET1510 HPDESKJET4615

2 3 3 1

5,450 3,590 3,016 7,410 TOTAL FOR JUNE (M6)

CANONPIXAMP237 7 JULY CANONPIXMX397 CANNONIM342

3 2 1

2,767 5,797 16,268 TOTAL FOR JULY (M7)

EPSON101MFP 8 AUGUST CANONPIXMP237 HP4015MFP

3 4 2

3,459 2,767 7,210 TOTAL FOR AUGUST(M8) 5,600 3,590 7,210 TOTAL FOR SEPTEMBER(M9) 2,767 17,333 TOTAL FOR OCTOBER(M10)

HP2545DESKJET 9 SEPTEMBE R CANONPIXMG2578 HP4615MFP

2 3 2

CANONMP237 10 OCTOBER CANONONMF4750

4 2

HPDESKJET525 11 NOVEMBER CANONPIXMG3570 CANONMG246

2 2 3

11,900 5,450 2,767 TOTAL FOR NOVEMBER(M11)

12

DECEMBER

HPDESKJET525 CANONMG2570

3 3

11,900 3,590

35,700 10,770

TOTAL FOR DECEMBER(M12)

46,470

DEMAND FORECAST FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 2014 MOVING AVERAGE METHOD Using six month moving average method, M6= ( M1+M2+M3+M4+M5+M6)=(22911+15884+32941+39670+26148+38128) =29,280 6 6 M7= (M2+M3+M4+M5+M6+M7) = (15884+32941+39670+26148+38128+36163) =31,489 6 6 M8= (M3+M4+M5+M6+M7+M8) = (32941+39670+26148+38128+36163+35838) = 34,814 6 6 M9= (M4+M5+M6+M7+M8+M9) = (39670+26148+38128+36163+35838+36390) = 35,389 6 6 M10= (M5+M6+M7+M8+M9+M10)= (26148+38128+36163+35838+36390+45731)=36399 6 6 M11=(M6+M7+M8+M9+M10+M11)=(38128+36163+35838+36390+45731+43001) =39208 6 6 M12=(M7+M8+M9+M10+M11+M12)=(36163+35838+36390+4573+43001+42880) =40000 6 6 The forecast for the month of January 2014(M13) is just the average of the month of December i.e. M12=40000. Therefore the demand for month of January 2014 is Rs 40,000.

DEMAND FORECAST FOR THE MONTH OF JANUARY 2014 (USING EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHOD)
The formula for exponential smoothing is given by, Ft+1 = a Dt + (1 - a)Ft Where, Ft+1 = forecast for next period Dt = actual demand for present period Ft = forecast for present period a = exponential smoothing constant Applying exponential smoothing with a smoothing constant of 0.7 we get, M1 = Y1 = 22911 M2 = 0.7Y2 + 0.3M1 = 0.7(15884) + 0.3(22911) = 17992 M3 = 0.7Y3 + 0.3M2 = 0.7(32941) + 0.3(17992) = 28456 M4 = 0.7Y4 + 0.3M3 = 0.7(39670) + 0.3(28456) = 36305 M5 = 0.7Y5 + 0.3M4 = 0.7(26148) + 0.3(36305) = 29195 M6 = 0.7Y6 + 0.3M5 = 0.7(38128) + 0.3(29195) = 35448 M7 = 0.7Y7 + 0.3M6 = 0.7(36163) + 0.3(35448) = 35948 M8 = 0.7Y8 + 0.3M7 = 0.7(35838) + 0.3(35948) = 35871 M9 = 0.7Y9 + 0.3M8 = 0.7(36390) + 0.3(35871) = 36234 M10 = 0.7Y10 + 0.3M9 = 0.7(45731) + 0.3(36234) = 42881 M11 = 0.7Y11 + 0.3M10 = 0.7(43001) + 0.3(42881) = 42965 M12 = 0.7Y12 + 0.3M11 = 0.7(42880) + 0.3(42965) = 42905. The forecast for the period of January 2014 is the average for the month of December i.e. M12= 42905. The forecasted demand for January 2014 is Rs 42,905.

CHAPTER -5 FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

CHAPTER-V
5.1 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS It is found that 30.67% of the people use laser printer in their office, 16.67% of people use inkjet printer, 33.33% of people use multifunction printer and 13.33% of people use other printers such as dot matrix in their concern. It is found that 33.33% of the people have purchased their existing printer 2 years back, 16.67% of the people have purchased 3 years back, 23.33% of the people have purchased 4 years back and 26.67% of the people have purchased 5 years back. It is found that 83.33% of the people are aware of the multifunction printer and 16.67% of the people are unaware of the multifunction printer. It is found that 36.67% of the people use colored prints in their office and 63.33% of the people use uncolored prints in their office. It is found that 23.33% are using colored prints in projects, 26.67% are using paper presentations in projects, 20% are using colored prints for memorandum, 16.67% are using for their brochures, and 13.33% use for other purposes It is found 80% of the respondents say that multifunction printer creates demand because of its all in one feature and 20% say that multifunction printer does not create any demand because of its all in one feature. It is found that 50% people are using multifunction printer for administration sector, 23.33% are using for Accounts, 10% are using it for sales and 16.67% are using it for management. It is found that 20% of people go for multifunction printer by referring internet sites, 16.67% by referring advertising media, 6.67% go by referring friends, 3.33% go for multifunction printer by referring friends, and 53.33% of people go by referring computer dealers. It is found that 36.67% of people have job accounting software in their office and 63.33% of people do not have job accounting software in their office. It is found that 66.67% of people consider size as the important feature to demand multifunction printer and 33.33% of people does not consider size as the important feature to demand multifunction printer

It is found that 66.67% of people have influence over after sales service support in demanding multifunction printer and 33.33% of people do not have any influence over sales service support.

It is found that 33.33% of people would intend to buy multifunction printer for
rental and 83.33% of people would not intend to buy for rental. Using correlation method it is found that the cost awareness difference between multifunction printer when compared to other printer and demand are perfectly correlated. Using weighted average method it is found that cost is a considered as most important factor for demanding Multifunction printer in Government departments.

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS It is found that 56.67% of the people use laser printer in their office, 20% of people use inkjet printer, 16.67% of people use multifunction printer and 6.67% of people use other printers such as dot matrix in their educational institutions. It is found that 43.33% of the people have purchased their existing printer 2 years back, 30% of the people have purchased 3 years back, 20% of the people have purchased 4 years back and 3.33% of the people have purchased 5 years back. It is found that 76.67% of the people are aware of the multifunction printer and 23.33% of the people are unaware of the multifunction printer.

It is found that 26.67% are using colored prints in projects, 23.33% are using paper presentations in projects, 16.67% are using colored prints for memorandum, 13.33% are using for their brochures, and 20% use for other purposes in educational institutions

It is found that 20% of people go for multifunction printer by referring internet sites, 16.67% by referring advertising media, 13.33% go by referring friends, 3.33% go for multifunction printer by referring friends, and 46.67% of people go by referring computer dealers in educational institutions.

It is found that 83.33% of the respondents say that multifunction printer creates demand because of its all in one feature and 23.33% say that

multifunction printer does not create any demand because of its all in one feature. It is found that 30% of people have job accounting software in their educational institutions and 70% of people do not have job accounting software in their institution. It is found that 70% of people consider size as the important feature to demand multifunction printer and 30% of people does not consider size as the important feature to demand multifunction printer. It is found that 36.67% of people would intend to buy multifunction printer for rental and 63.33% of people would not intend to buy for rental. Using correlation method it is found that cost difference in multifunction printer and demand for multifunction printer are positively correlated. Using weighted average method it is found that quality is considered as the most influencing factor while demanding multifunction printer

5.2 SUGGESTION OF THE STUDY

There exists a demand for multifunction printer in Government department and educational institution because of its all in one feature. The running cost for Multifunction printer is considered most in the buying process of Multifunction printer so it suggested for the company to provide quality long running machines. The after sales service support also influences the customers to demand multifunction printer so that the company is recommended to concentrate on after sales service support. The size of the Multifunction printer also influences in the buying process of the printer so that the company is suggested to have dealings more with compact printer manufacturing companies.

5.3 CONCLUSION
The research on demand analysis helped the company to analyze the demand for the Multifunction printer. From this research we can infer that multifunction printers have demand in government departments and educational institutions. Most of the customers consider cost and quality as important factors for demanding Multifunction printers.80% of people have awareness regarding multifunction printer. 70% of customers in both Government departments and educational institutions consider size as the most influencing feature for demanding Multifunction printer.

ANNEXURE-I BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS

1. Kothari C.R., Research methodology, published by Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 13th Edition, 1982. 2. Gupta, S.P., and Gupta, M.P., Business Statistics, Published by Sultan Chand & Sons, 7th Edition, 1989. 3. Rajan Saxena., S.P, Marketing management, published by Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 3rd Edition, 1997

JOURNALS: 1. Pamela S. Norum, Angela Cuno, (2011) "Analysis of the demand for counterfeit goods", Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 15 Issue: 1, pp.27 40 2. Manuel Kaesbauer, Ralf Hohenstatt, Richard Reed, (2012) "Direct versus search engine traffic: An innovative approach to demand analysis in the property market", International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, Vol. 5 Issue: 4, pp.392 413. 3. Pamela Norum, (1999) "The demand for accessories, footwear and hosiery", Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 3 Issue: 1, pp.56 64.

WEBSITES:
1. Www.articlesbase.com 2. Www.mbaarticles.com 3. Www. marketingresearch.org

ANNEXURE-II QUESTIONNAIRE

QUESTIONAIRRE Demand analysis for multifunction printer in government departments and educational institutions. NAME: DEPARTMENT:
1. What type of printer/ scanner/ copier do you use in your office? Laser printer Inkjet printer multifunction printer other (mention any)

2. Since how many years back have you purchased your purchased existing machine? 2 years 3years 4years 5 years 3. Are you aware about the features available in Multifunction printer? Yes No 4. Do you print in color? Yes No 5. If so, how many do you print? Less than100 more than100

more than 200

more than 500

6. What type of documents do you print in color? Projects Paper presentations Memorandum Others (mention any)

Brochures

7. Whether Multifunction printer creates demand in other concerns due to its all in one feature Yes No 8. Multifunction printers are mostly used by which sector of employees in your concern? Administration Accounts Sales Management Data operators 9. Based on which reference you will go for Multifunction printer? Internet sites advertising media Colleagues Friends Computer dealers 10. Rank the factor you consider as the important reason for demanding multifunction printer? Quality cost duplex printing speed Accuracy 11. Do you have job accounting software? Yes No

12. Which cost becomes an influencing factor to buy Multifunction printer? Capital cost Running cost 13. Are you aware about the cost difference between Multifunction printers with other printers? Yes No 14. Whether size becomes an influencing feature to demand Multifunction printer? Yes No 15. Whether after sales service support influences in the buying process of Multifunction printer? Yes No 16. Would you intend to purchase Multifunction printer for rental? Yes No 17. Who is your preferred paper brand supplier?