Tutorial Gas Turbine (For all problems cp and may be taken as 1.005 kJ/kg K and 1.

4 for air, and as 1.15 kJ/kg K and 1.333 for combustion and expansion processes.) 1. A gas turbine has an overall pressure ratio of 5 and a maximum cycle temperature of 550oC. The turbine drives the compressor and an electric generator, the mechanical efficiency of the drive beitg 97%. The ambient temperature is 20oC and air enters the compressor at a rate of 15 kg/s; the isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine are 80 and 83%. Neglecting changes in kinetic energy, the mass flow rate of fuel, and all pressure losses, calculate: (i) the power output; (ii) the cycle efficiency; (iii) the work ratio. (660.3 kW; 12.1%; 0.169) 2. In a marine gas turbine unit a HP stage turbine drives the compressor, and a LP stage turbine drives the propeller through suitable gearing. The overall pressure ratio is 4/1, the mass flow rate is 60 kg/s, the maximum temperature is 650oC, and the air intake conditions are 1.01 bar and 25oC. The isentropic efficiencies of the compressor, Hp turbine, and LP turbine, are 0.8, 0.83, and 0.85 respectively, and the mechanical efficiency of both shafts is 98%. Neglecting kinetic energy changes, and the pressure loss in combustion, calculate : (i) the pressure between turbine stages; (ii) the cycle efficiency; (iii) the shaft power. (1.57 bar; 14.9%o;4560 kW) 3. For the unit of Problem 2, calculate the cycle efficiency obtainable when a heat exchanger is fitted. Assume a thermal ratio of 0.75. (23.4%) 4. In a gas turbine generating set two stages of compression are used with an intercooler between stages. The HP turbine drives the HP compressor, and the LP turbine driving the LP compressor and the generator. The exhaust from the LP turbine passes through a heat exchanger which transfers heat to the air leaving the HP compressor. There is a reheat combustion chamber between turbine stages which raises the gas temperature to 600oC, which is also the gas temperature at entry to the HP turbine. The overall pressure ratio is 10/1, each compressor having the same pressure ratio, and the air temperature at entry to the unit is 20oC. The heat exchanger thermal ratio may be taken as 0.7, and intercooling is complete between compressor stages. Assume isentropic efficiencies of 0.8 for both compressor stages, and 0.85 for both turbine stages and that 2% o of the work of each turbine is used in overcoming friction. Neglecting all losses in pressure, and assuming that velocity changes are negligibly small, calculate: (i) the power output in kilowatts for a mass flow of 115 kg/s;

(ii) the overall cycle efficiency of the plant. (14460 kW;25.7%) 5. In a gas turbine generating station the overall compression ratio is 12/1, performed in three stages with pressure ratios of 2.5/1, 2.4/1, and 2/1 respectively. The air inlet temperature to the plant is 25oC and intercooling between stages reduces the temperature to 40oC. The HP turbine drives the HP and intermediate-pressure compressor stages; the LP turbine drives the LP compressor and the generator. The gases leaving the LP turbine are passed through a heat exchanger which heats the air leaving the HP compressor. The temperature at inlet to the HP turbine is 650oC, and reheating between turbine stages raises the temperature to 650oC. The gases leave the heat exchanger at a temperature of 200oC. The isentropic efficiency of each compressor stage is 0.83, and the isentropic efficiencies of the HP and LP turbines are 0.85 and 0.88 respectively. Take the mechanical efficiency of each shaft as 98%. The air mass flow is 140 kg/s. Neglecting pressure losses and changes in kinetic energy, and taking the specific heat of water as 4.19 kJ/kgK, calculate: (i) the power output in kilowatts; (ii) the cycle efficiency; (iii) the flow of cooling water required for the intercoolers when the rise in water temperature must not exceed 30 K; (iv) the heat exchanger thermal ratio. (25540 kW:33.4%; 224kg/s;0.82)