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Continued from first part: Types and Applications Of Overcurrent Relay (part 1)
either 10% to 40% or 20% to 80% current settings . One important thing to be noted here is that the connection of the star points of both the C.T. secondarys and relay windings by a neutral conductor should be made. A scheme without the neutral conductor will be unable to ensure reliable relay operation in the event of single phase to earth faults because the secondary current in this case (without star-point interconnection) completes its circuit through relay and C.T. windings which present large impedance. This may lead to failure of protection and sharp decrease in reduction of secondary currents by CTs.
3 Nos O/C Relay for Over Current and Earth Fault Protection
It is not sufficient if the neutral of the CTs and neutral of the relays are separately earthed. A conductor should be run as stated earlier.
2. 3 No O/C Relay+ 1 No E/F Relay for Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection
The scheme of connection for 3 Nos Over current Relay 1 No Earth Fault Relay is shown in figure below. Under normal operating conditions the three phase fault conditions and current in the 3-phase are equal and symmetrically displaced by 12 Deg. Hence the sum of these three currents is zero. No current flow through the earth fault relay. In case of phase to phase faults ( say a short between R and Y phases) the current flows from R-phase up to the point of fault and return back through Y phase. Thus only O/L relays in R and Y phases get the fault and operate. Only earth faults cause currents to flow through E/L relay . A note of caution is necessary here. Only either C.T secondary star point of relay winding star point should be earthed. Earthing of both will short circuit the E/L relay and make it inoperative for faults.
3 No O/C Relay+ 1 No E/F Relay for Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection
3. 2 No O/C Relay + 1 No E/F Relay for Over Current and Earth Fault Protection
The two over current relays in R and B phases will respond to phase faults. At least one relay will operate for fault involving two phase. For fault involving ground reliance is placed on earth fault relay. This is an economical version of 3-O/L and 1-E/L type of protection as one overcurrent relay is saved. With the protection scheme as shown in Figure complete protection against phase and ground fault is afforded.
be made as follows for ensuring correct directional sensitivity of the protection scheme.
Generator Protection:
Generator Protection Generator Side The above method has to be followed irrespective of polarity of CTs on primary side. For example, in line protection, if P1 is towards bus then S2s are to be shorted and if P2 is towards bus then S1s are to be shorted.
Current and Earth Fault Protection
3 4
8 MVA Power Transformer Only one PTR in a Sub Station (Less than 8 MVA)