Viva Questions for Analog Communication Lab.

1. Draw the block diagram of a communication system. 2. Distinguish between passband and baseband transmission. What is the drawback of baseband transmission? 3. Define modulation. 4. Distinguish between continuous wave modulation and pulse modulation. 5. What is the need for modulation? 6. Define simplex and duplex communication. Give examples for each. 7. Define AM, FM and PM. 8. Define modulation Index of AM & FM. 9. What is the B.W for AM and FM. 10. What are the components in an AM wave? 11. Draw the time domain, frequency domain and Phasor representation of an AM wave. 12. Define the 3 various degrees of modulation. 13. Define rectifier distortion and diagonal clipping. 14. What do you meant by single tone modulation? 15. Derive the instantaneous voltage expression of an AM wave. 16. Derive the power relationship in AM. 17. Derive the current relationship in AM. 18. In multi-tone modulation, how you calculate the net modulation index? 19. Derive the efficiency of DSBFC-AM. 20. Calculate the % of power saving in SSB when compared with conventional AM. 21. Calculate the % of power saving for DSBSC signal for the percentage of modulation of 50%. 22. Differentiate between high level and low level AM modulation. 23. Define frequency deviation and deviation sensitivity. 24. How can you generate FM using phase modulator? 25. In commercial broadcasting, what is the max freq deviation? 26. An FM signal with mf = 9 is applied to a freq trippler. What is the mf in the output signal? 27. What do you meant by capture effect of a receiver? 28. How can you generate PM using frequency modulator? 29. What is the difference between the Mixer that is used in the transmitter and receiver? 30. Distinguish between high beat and low beat injection. 31. Why trimmer and padder capacitors are needed in mixer circuits? 32. With necessary mathematical expressions, prove that the Mixer output consists of multiple frequency components. 33. Define Selectivity, Sensitivity, Double spotting and Image Frequency rejection ratio. 34. A Superhetrodyne receiver with IF = 455kHz is tuned to a station operating at 1200kHz. What is its Image frequency? 35. What is the range and IF of AM band and FM band? Also mention the B.W allotted for each AM and FM station. 36. What is Carsons rule? 37. Distinguish between narrowband and wideband FM. 38. What is the purpose of Balanced modulator?

39. Why Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis are required in FM? 40. Define the Quality factor of a tuned circuit & what is its significance? 41. What are the characterisitics of a tuned circuit? 42. What are the types of AGCs and define each of them. 43. Explain how transistor works as a switch. 44. With a block diagram, explain the working of 565 PLL IC. 45. Define lock range, pull in range, capture range and hold in range of PLL. 46. How you determine the free running frequency of a PLL circuit? 47. Explain how IC 7490 works as a decade counter. 48. How can you implement a mod 9 counter using IC7490. 49. How to implement a mod 20 counter using IC 7490. 50. Derive the expression for gain for Inverting and Non inverting amplifiers using op-amp. 51. What are the ideal characteristics of an op-amp? 52. Define CMRR. 53. What is the range of frequency in commercial AM broadcasting? 54. What is Harmonics? 55. What is the range of frequency in AM baseband? 56. What are the main components of a RF receiver? 57. What is the function of AGC circuit? 58. Define Noise Factor and Noise Figure of a Receiver. 59. What is voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)? 60. What is phase-locked loop (PLL)? 61. Define rectifier distortion and diagonal clipping.