What is heat? : Heat is the average kinetic energy of the particles present in a specific structure or an atmosphere.

Heat has immense significance in science as well as world around us. All the matter around us is influenced and controlled by heat. The simple example is matter; the states of matter itself are completely dependent on heat.

Solid: In a solid the particles (ions, atoms or molecules) are closely packed
together. The forces between particles are strong so that the particles cannot move freely but can only vibrate. As a result, a solid has a stable, definite shape, and a definite volume. Solids can only change their shape by force, as when broken or cut. The heat energy or kinetic energy of the particles is low and upon increasing the heat energy of these particles these particles break their bonds between them and turn into liquid, the process is called melting. For example Ice

Liquid: Liquid has more average kinetic energy than needed for the solids
melting point. The forces between particles are weak and the particles can slip past each other and so liquid can flow. They have a fixed volume but no definite shape. When the heat or kinetic energy of the molecule is increased above boiling point the bonds between the particles break and liquid turns into gas. The process is called boiling. Example is water

Gas: In gases, the particles are very spread out. They are
moving very quickly in different directions. They are not arranged in any pattern. They are changing places all of the time. The forces holding the particles together are very small almost negligible. The average kinetic energy of particles is high, they have indefinite volume and are far apart from each other.

Plasma: Like a gas, plasma does not have definite shape or volume. Unlike gases,
plasmas are electrically conductive, produce magnetic fields and electric currents, and respond strongly to electromagnetic forces. Positively charged nuclei swim in a "sea" of freely-moving disassociated electrons, similar to the way such charges exist in conductive metal. In fact it is this electron "sea" that allows matter in the plasma state to conduct electricity. A gas can be heated in high temperatures to convert it into plasma. Heating matter to high temperatures causes electrons to leave the atoms, resulting in the presence of free electrons

Phase Transition: the states of matter can be interchanged through heat this
process is alone enough to express the importance of heat in world.

Heating Curve