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restrictions on employee activities that in other contexts might be protected by the First Amendment. There are some cases where people argue that because Snepps manuscript does not contain any classified information it cannot cause any harm or loss to the country. However, this case proved that because the secrecy agreement was violated, it disabled, in some measure, the Agencys ability to carry out its statutory mandate. General Turner, Director of CIA at that time, was able to testify to the fact that CIA was impaired from carrying out its operations: Over the last six to nine months, we have had a number of sources discontinue work with usWe have had very strong complaints from a number of foreign intelligence services with whom we conduct liaison, who have questioned whether they should continue exchanging information with us, for fear it will not remain secret. I cannot estimate to you how many potential sources or liaison arrangements have never germinated because people were unwilling to enter into business with us. The Court voted 6 to 3 for the defendant without hearing any oral arguments by both parties. Although the court took into consideration the values of the First Amendment, it was decided that the case was based mainly on the violation of the pre-publication agreement Snepp had signed. Pre-publication is one of the forms of prior restraint that the Supreme Court has time and again determined to be justifiable. With these two similar cases ruling in favor of prior restraint in the case of pre-publication agreements, as well as taking into consideration the national security of the country, the court has presented a strong stance on this issue and clearly discourages others to make the same mistake.