S.No.

WORD

FORM

MEANING

SENTENCE

SYNONYMS

ANTONYMS

OTHER FORMS

1.

Effrontery

Noun

Bold or arrogant behavior (as to be insulting) without any feeling of shame.

(a) He had the effrontery to accuse me of lying.

(b) What effrontery to barge (to enter or intrude suddenly or rudely) in uninvited.

Impudence, Nerve, Confidence, Shameless, Impertinence.

Modesty, Diffidence, Respect

2.

Empirical

Adj.

(a)Based on observation or experiment

(b) an empirical treatment of a disease about which little is known

(a) They have no empirical evidence of the crime.

(b) The old sailor had a good empirical knowledge of navigation.

Experimental, Observed, Pragmatic, Practical, First-hand, Experiential.

Theoretical, Second-hand.
3.

Emulate

Verb

To take as a model or follow the example of

(a) She is keen to emulate her sister’s sporting achievements.

(b) Politicians would do well to emulate Mahatma Gandhi.

Imitate, Copy, Follow, Mimic

4.

Endemic

Noun

(a) Constantly found in a particular area

(b) Restricted/ native to one place or area

(c) Originating where it is found

(a) Malaria is endemic in many warm countries.

(b) Plants endemic to India are being exported to different countries.

Widespread, Prevalent, Common, Rife, Indigenous

Alien, Foreign

5.

Enervate

Verb

To exhaust or time out

Long march in the sun enervated the soldiers.

Weaken, Faze Debilitate, Unnerve, Exhaust

Energize, Strengthen, Quicken, Stimulate, Perk up

6.

Engender

Verb

To give rise to or bring about

Some people believe that poverty engenders crime.

Produce, Cause, Create, Simulate, Provoke, Prompt, Precipitate

Crush, Kill, End

7.

Ephemeral

Adj.

Lasting for a very short time.

(a) Journalism is important but ephemeral.

(b) Happiness is ephemeral and should be valued.

(c) the ephemeral joys of childhood

Transient, Passing, Brief, Fleeting, Momentary, Short-lived, Temporary, Fugacious

Lasting, Permanent

8.

Equanimity

Noun

The quality of being calm esp. in difficult situations.

(a) She is facing the prospect of her operation with cheerful equanimity.

(b) We must have equanimity during times of crisis.

Composure, Calmness, Self-control, Poise, Equability,

Steadiness, Unflappability
Panic, Hysteria, Agitation

9.

Equivocate

Verb

To talk about something in a way i.e., deliberately not clear in order to hide the truth or
mislead people.

He equivocated that he wasn’t aware of any objections to the plan.

Prevaricate, Fudge, Vacillate, Quibble, Evade, Be ambiguous.

10.

Erudite

Adj.

Very knowledgeable through studies

An erudite professor

Learned, Scholarly, Knowledgeable, Cultured, Intellectual

11.

Esoteric

Adj.

(a) likely to be understood only by people with a special knowledge or interest

(b) secret or confidential or concealed

Some fields of science seem hopelessly esoteric to a layman.

Obscure, Mysterious, Cryptic, Arcane, Abstruse, Impenetrable, Incomprehensible

Obvious, Public, Plain

12.

Euphemism

Noun

(a) A mild, restrained expression

(b) Inoffensive expression

(a) Pass away is a euphemism for dying.

(b) The Government admitted that there were problems in a mild euphemism given the
thousands of people without food, water or shelter.

13.

Exculpate

Verb

To free from blame or show that somebody is not guilty of something

He has fortunately been exculpated from the charges of forgery.

Clear, Pardon, Exonerate, Absolve, Acquit, Discharge, Assoil

Convict, Blame, Accuse

14.

Exigency

Noun

An emergency or an urgent need

A ship’s captain should be able to cope with any exigency.

Demand, Pressure, Necessity, Need, Emergency, Requirement, Constraint, Contingency,

Crisis, Pinch
15.

Extrapolation

Noun

Estimation of something unknown from the facts or information i.e. available

These extrapolations for the future are based on the present rate of development.

Prediction, Estimation, Forecast, Inference

16.

Facetious

Adj.

Trying to be amusing in a way considered inappropriate

I found his facetious remarks very annoying.

Teasing, Amusing, Comical, Jocular

Solemn, Grave, Serious

17.

Fallacious

Adj.

Misleading or based on error; intended to deceive

Fallacious arguments are hard to disprove.

Untrue, Wrong, Deceptive, Misleading, Mythical, Erroneous, Misconception, Misapprehension,

Delusion

Consistent, Logical, Rational

18.
Fatuous

Adj.

Silly, stupid or unintelligent

He is so fatuous; he thinks he is the most intelligent student in the class.

Idiotic, Silly, Stupid, Childish, Pointless, Inane Meaningless, Foolish, Witless, Vacuous

Sensible, Judicious, Sage

19.

Fawning

Verb/ Adj.

Seek favor by flattery; Trying to please somebody; Enthusiastic affection.

(a) Fawning courtiers were common in king’s courts.

(b) The waiters fawned over the guests in hopes of a tip.

Flattering, Submissive, Toadying, Sycophantic, Servile, Obsequious, Boot-licking

Assertive, Insulting

20.

Felicitous

Adj.

(a) Appropriate or highly suitable

(b) Pleasant

(c) Fortunate or happy

(a) Weddings are felicitous occasions for Indian families.

(b) The young man searched for a felicitous last line for his poem.

Fortunate, Lucky, Blessed, Fortuitous, Joyful, Happy, Propitious, Fortunate

Inappropriate, Awkward, Unfortunate

21.
Fledgling

Chicken, Hatchling

22.

Flaunt

Verb

(a) To show off

(b) Brandish, Wave, Sport

(a) We know he is very rich. He doesn’t need to flaunt all his wealth.

(b) Everyone along the parade route seemed to be flaunting red flags.

Exhibit, Display, Parade, Boast

Conceal, Mask, Hide, Screen

23.

Flout

Verb

To show contempt for something

I advised him not to flout the rules or he would be severely punished.

Disobey, Break, Ignore, Defy, Contravene

Obey, Follow

24.

Foment

Verb
(a) Try to stir up public opinion

(b) Bathe with warm water or medicated

He did his best to foment a quarrel between the friends.

Stimulate, Stir up, Provoke, Increase, Fuel, Encourage, Generate, Incite, Foster, Instigate

Quell, Curl, Suppress, Restrain

25.

Forestall

Verb

To prevent something

The labor and the management department have agreed

on a temporary settlement, thereby forestalling a strike.

Prevent, Avert, Preclude, Pre-empt, Hinder,

Obviate, Thwart, Anticipate, Avert, Wand off

Bolster, Foster

26.

Frugality

Noun

Being economical

Thrift, Stinginess, Parsimony, Prudence, Economy

Generosity, Extravagance, Wastefulness

27.
Garrulous

Adj.

Very talkative

She is garrulous that one doesn’t get a chance to utter a word while she is talking.

Talkative, Chatty, Voluble, Loquacious, Gabby

Taciturn, Reticent, Reserved

28.

Goad

(a) Verb

(b) Noun

(a) Cause something to act

(b) something that encourage an activity or process; process to begin or develop

(a) His friend goaded him to ask for a race.

(a) Provoke, Drive, Prod, Push, Sting, Stir, Spur, Stimulate, Urge, Incite

(b) Incentive, Stimulant, Inducement

(b) Hold back, Detriment, Deter, Keep back

29.

Grandiloquent

Adj.

Lofty in style

The grandiloquent speech went on for an hour.

Pompous, Verbose, Pretentious, Over-bearing, Grandiose, Bombastic

Straight-forward, Simple, Direct, Low keyed

30.
Gregarious

Adj.

He is a gregarious man and loves parties.

Outgoing, Social, Extroverted, Expressive, Expansive, Unreserved, Companionable,

Convivial, Sociable

Unsociable, Solitary, Loner

31.

Guileless

Adj.

Naïve trusting (free of deceit), Expressing views carefully

The child gave guileless answers to all my queries.

Frank, Candid, Open, Honest, Ingenuous, Straight-forward

Cunning, Deceitful, Crafty, Fraudulent

32.

Gullible

Adj.

Willing to believe anything or anyone; Easily deceived

The gullible young man was cheated of all his money by a crook.

Naïve, Susceptible, Innocent, (Over)Trusting, Credulous, Unsuspicious

Smart, Untrusting, Suspicious

33.

Harangue
A long aggressive speech that criticizes somebody or something or tries to persuade
somebody to do something

Berate, Lecture, Criticize, Rant, Address, Tirade, Scold, Sermonize

34.

Hyperbolic

Adj.

Language that is deliberately and obviously exaggerated to effect

“He is as rich as a king” would be hyperbolic statement.

(n) Overstatement, Exaggeration, Extravagant statement

(n) Understatement, (a) Downplay, Underplay

Hyperbole – n

35.

Iconoclastic

Adj.

Attacking popular beliefs or established customs

His iconoclastic statements have made him unpopular among his friends.

Revolutionary, Non-conformist, Radical

(a)Conforming

(n) Conformist, Assenter

36.

Immutable

Adj.

That can’t be changed or that will never change

His immutable principles have brought him fame and success.

Unchallengeable, Absolute, Unassailable, Incontrovertible, Indisputable, Undeniable,

Irreversible, Unalterable

Changeable, Flexible

37.

Impede

Verb

To stop the progress or the movement of somebody or something

Completion of building was impeded by the disturbed weather.

Obstruct, Delay, Hinder, Hamper, Encumber, Block, Retard, Check

Assist, Promote

38.

Imperturbable

Adj.

Not easily troubled or worried

(a) The usually imperturbable man showed signs of anxiety.

(b) He is one of those imperturbable people who never get upset.

Collected, Calm, Composed, Cool, Steady, Serene, Level -headed

Perturbable, Touchy

39.

Impervious

Adj.

(a) not allowing water, gas, etc. to pass through

(b) to or not affected by something

(c) unmoved by something (emotional sense)

(a) The firemen wore masks that were impervious to the acrid smoke.

(b) The beautiful lady seemed impervious to the ravages of age.

(c) The stubborn man seemed impervious to reasons.

Impermeable, Solid, Resistant, Unreceptive, Unbending, Inflexible, Unyielding, Impenetrable

Susceptible, Vulnerable, Liable, Exposed to something

40.

Implacable

Adj.

That can’t be changed or satisfied

It was impossible to negotiate with such an implacable enemy.

Pitiless, Cruel, Merciless, Relentless, Ruthless, Cold-hearted, Callous, Unappeasable

Appeasable, Tolerant

41.

Implicit

Adj.

(a) Implied but not suggested directly

(b) Unquesting or absolute

(a) There was an implicit threat in the e-mail message.

(b) Have implicit faith in your abilities.

(a) Understood, Implied, Hidden, Unspoken, Contained, Couched, Inherent, Embedded,

Deducible

(b) Innate, Inherent

Explicit, Obvious
42.

Inadvertent

Adj.

(of action) Something which is unintentional and not done intentionally/ deliberately

The newspaper apologized for the inadvertent slip or omission of the name of the CEO.

Unintentional, Involuntary, Unintended, Unplanned, Chance, Accidental, Unpremeditated

Premeditated, Deliberate, Intentional

43.

Inchoate

Adj.

Just begun and ended; Not fully formed or developed

Being inexperienced, his inchoate ideas were ignored by others.

Unclear, Embryonic, Unformed, Undeveloped, Tentative, Amorphous

Mature, Developed, Ripened

44.

Incongruous

Adj.

Strange because not in harmony with the surroundings

(a) Formal dresses look incongruous in informal parties.

(b) Such traditional methods seem incongruous in the modern technical age.

Incompatible, Inappropriate, Inconsistent, Absurd, Odd, Strange, Bizarre, Outlandish

Congruous, Fitting, Appropriate

45.

Inconsequential

Adj.
Unimportant or irrelevant

(a) The matter is too inconsequential to worry about.

(b) I paid no heed to his inconsequential questions.

Unimportant, Minor, Trivial, Insignificant, Petty, Negligible, Trifling

Important, Consequential, Significant, Momentous

46.

Indeterminate

Adj.

Not clear or vague

The acting superintendent will sense the institution for an indeterminate period.

Undefined, Indefinite, Undetermined, Unfixed, Vague, Imprecise, Uncertain, Unspecified

Definite, Determined, Specified, Clear

47.

Innocuous

Adj.

Not intended to offend

(a) The play was innocuous to quickly forgotten.

(b) The old man exchanged innocuous gossip over lunch.

Inoffensive, Safe, Harmless, Mild, Innocent, Bland

Offensive, Truthful, Damaging, Insidious

48.

Insinuate

Verb

(a) To suggest something bad about something/ someone

(b) To push oneself to get a position (To get oneself into a position of
advantage)

(a) The article in the newspaper insinuated that the team had been bribed.

(b) The social climber insinuated herself into the group

(a) Imply, Suggest, Hint, Intimate, Indicate, Allude to

(b) Ingratiate, Push artfully, Wheedle

(a) State categorically

49.

Intractable

Stubborn; Not easily dealt with or appeared

The intractable child refused to obey his parents.

Stubborn, Obstinate, Obdurate, Willful, Inflexible, Difficult, Head strong

Easy-going, Tractable, Docile, Submissive, Compliant

50.

Inured (used in passive form with ‘ed’)

Verb

To make oneself able to tolerate something unpleasant so that one is hardly affected by it
anymore

(a) After living her for years, I have become inured to the damp climate.

(b) Sadly, the world has become inured to such kind of outrages.

Trained, Habituated, Hardened, Accustomed

Untrained, Susceptible, Vulnerable, Open to

51.
Irascible

Adj.

(of a person) Easily made angry

The irascible old man is constantly picking fights.

Irritable, Touchy, Testy, Petulant, Grumpy, Snappish, Hot-tempered

Amiable, Placid, Gentle, Easy-going

52.

Harangue

(a) Verb, (b) Noun

(a) To deliver a harangue to somebody

(a) The commander harangued the troops just before the butler which shook their
confidence.

(b) He suddenly launched into a harangue about declining public morals.

(a) Berate, Criticize, Sermonize

(b) Tirade

Praise, Appreciate