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Session BRKSPM-1200
BRKSPM-1200
Cisco Public
Agenda
1. Mobile DataDrivers for Change 2. Addressing the Economics 3. Access Offload Requirements 4. SP WiFi Architectures 5. Summary
BRKSPM-1200
Cisco Public
1000
Growth
100 10 1 1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Majority consumption occurs indoors (home, office, venues) Wi-Fi coverage readily available at most locations According to Millennial Media, 39% of the impressions comes from
Femto Tomorrow
BYO WiFi
BBU/RRH
Small Cell GW
Metro GW
RNC
Femto
SP WiFi
Metro Wireless
BBU/RRH
BRKSPM-1200
Cisco Public
UE
BRKSPM-1200
UE
Market Summary
Mobile Broadband demand growth means only a matter of time before carriers will need to start to aggressively deploying more cells Site/zoning limitations may restrict ability to deploy many more conventional macro cells in capacity situations As consumption rises, it becomes increasingly cost effective to offload onto indoor broadband networks Status quo operation will not be an option if supply side restrictions are to be avoided
BRKSPM-1200
Cisco Public
Agenda
1. Mobile DataDrivers for Change 2. Addressing the Economics 3. Access Offload Requirements 4. SP WiFi Architectures 5. Summary
Cell Site CapEx (1 Carrier, 3 Sector) Cell Site OpEx IP RAN CapEx IP RAN OpEx RNC CapEx MPC CapEx Core OpEx Total
BRKSPM-1200
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Three Parallel Tracks for Macro Access Metro/Hotspot Offload Residential Access Office Based
Access
Metro WiFi deployments driven by spectrally challenged operators Stadium traffic set to dwarf any licensed capacity installed by MNOs Hotspot becoming an integral part of MNO offload strategy Metro WiFi operators leasing real estate/ power/backhaul to MNOs for Pico deployment Peak consumption occurs 10pm/indoors drives compelling macro offload economics and MNO offload targets MVNO economics motivating MVNOs to accelerate residential macro offload deployments Community deployments enhanced with seamless mobility allows increased macro offload in dense urban environments Guest WiFi evolution facilitates ease of use of WiFi offload using enterprise infrastructure Enterprise femto provides inbuilding coverage and enterprise capacity offload from macro cell Enterprise GWs allow optimized access from enterprise employees to business services (LAN access, UC&C, etc)
Macro
Busy Hour Mbps
Femto SP WiFi
Busy Hour Mbps Compared with a 3-carrier macro cell, SP WiFi delivers improved economics for users with Source; ABI/Cisco Cost of Production Analysis, >500 MB/mo consumption assuming CPE offered without cost to consumer
and depreciated over 3 years
BRKSPM-1200 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Model
Investment ($B)
Macro Cell Split Macro + Micro Deployment Macro + Small Cell Deployment
Cisco Public 16
Investment
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Both LTE and Wi-Fi contribute to reducing SP network spend as traffic grows
BRKSPM-1200 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Agenda
1. Mobile DataDrivers for Change 2. Addressing the Economics 3. Access Offload Requirements 4. SP WiFi Architectures 5. Summary
BRKSPM-1200
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2010: Wireless Broadband Alliance: WiSPR 2.0 2010: 3GPP Release 10: IP Flow Mobility and seamless WLAN offload
Simultaneously connection to cellular and WiFi with policy based access via WLAN AAA support for HTTPS and EAP EAP support over non 802.1X
2010: Cablelabs WiFi Roaming Architecture 2010: Cablelabs WiFi Management Object
TR-069/SNMP SP WiFi Configuration, Performance and Fault management Standardized delivery of newly created credentials to Connection Manager (HS2.0) Stations can be aware of network conditions, including interference and to load balance clients between APs
BRKSPM-1200
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S6a
MME
S1
Serving Gateway
S5
PDN Gateway
Gx
IP Services
Integrated Mobility
3GPP AAA
PCRF
S2b Gxb
Swm
ePDG
Multi-Vendor Standards
STa
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Target Architecture
Build a converged approach that allows SP WiFi to be treated as trusted non-3GPP access 3GPP has defined an architecture based on PMIPv6 for trusted non3GPP support SP WiFi with 802.1X/EAP meets all requirements to be considered trusted non-3GPP IETF based, S2a profile already specified by 3GPP
Delivers multi-vendor interoperability
Hotspot 2.0 specifying L2 authentication procedures, Network-Discovery/Selection procedures and credential management
Cisco Public 22
BRKSPM-1200
Centralized Radio Resource Management (RRM) Caching keying material Composed User Plane Anchor
s2a
IP Point of Attachment
Cisco Public 24
Controller-based vs Controller-less
Residential
(single AP)
Hotspot
(single AP)
Hotzone
(multi AP)
Metrozone
(High Density)
Real time/Proactive Remote management, Management GUI Centralized Policy, Seamless (Fast) Mobility, Rich User Analytics
Scalable Tunneled Data Plane Centralized Policy Enforcement Decoupling of Data and Control Plane Real time/ proactive RF management Co-ordinated RF Optimization, Coverage Hole Detection/ Mitigation, Real time air quality visibility
Controller-less
BRKSPM-1200 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Controller-based
25
SP WiFi Functionality
RF is always a probabilistic environment. Clean air provides unique insight into RF domain 3GPP has defined an architecture for trusted non-3GPP baseline for target architecture PMIPv6 based architecture for seamless mobility across WiFi. IP Persistence can be delivered across inter-technology access Ability to integrate Consumer CPE into architecture Able to leverage client functionality whenever available
Challenging to deliver seamless experience Current Bring Your Own (BYO) WiFi approach devalues SP to bit-pipe provider Diverse range of client requirements
BRKSPM-1200
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Client Requirements
The fundamental difference between SP WiFi and licensed small cell solutions is the ability to enhance user experience through support of additional client functionality Diverse set of requirements/functions
Discovery, Connection Management Security, 802.11i and overlay IPSec Quality of Service Flow Policy, Static and Dynamic Automated Log-on, Credential Management
BRKSPM-1200
Cisco Public
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Client Functionality
Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?
OS Connection Manager
I-WLAN IPSec/IKEv2
HS 2.0 Management
ANDSF
VoIMS
Off-net Access
WISPR 1.0/802.11i/HS2.0 support for AAA based roaming HS2.0 management object for discovery and selection of access networks I-WLAN tunnel over 3rd party untrusted network to access home operator services
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An SP WiFi Architecture Supporting a Phased Evolution of Functionality User-Plane Automate Client Authentication Integration Integration
MAC-TAL Username/ Password AAA Roaming EAP-SIM/AKA No Integration PMIPv6/GTP Integration Static Offload Rules Dynamic Offload No Client HS2.0 I-WLAN Mobile IP
BRKSPM-1200
Cisco Public
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Trusted Wi-Fi
VPN MAG
IP Core
Un Tunneled User Data (IP)
IPSG
eWAG
P-GW
HSGW
3G Cellular
Per User IPSec Tunnel
TTG
GTP (Gn)
Untrusted Wi-Fi
BRKSPM-1200 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Now, it may be considered by operators that the security strength and ease of use of WiF is as acceptable as 3G/LTE security. For example, the operator controlled hotspot with 802.11i could be treated as the trusted Non-3GPP Access.
3GPP S1 U/MME:
Integrated IPSec Security
BRKSPM-1200
IETF PMIP:
Integrated IPSec Security
IETF CAPWAP:
Integrated DTLS Security
Cisco Public 32
GSM
Turn on phone and get secure cellular connectivity
Hotspot 2.0
Turn on device and get secure Wi-Fi connectivity
Automatic
BRKSPM-1200
Secure
SIM/AKA Based
Cisco Public 33
Pre-Association Pre-Authentication
RELIABLE
Carrier class solution
SEAMLESS
Simplified network discovery and selection optimizes offload
SECURE
SIM-based authentication techniques over encrypted Wi-Fi
MONETIZE
Location-based and value-added services
ROAMING
Seamless WiFi Roaming via standardized authentication and settlement
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Cisco Public
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802.11u 802.11x 802.11i EAP-SIM, AKA, TLS, TTLS Trusted Yes Yes
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Agenda
1. Mobile DataDrivers for Change 2. Addressing the Economics 3. Access Offload Requirements 4. SP WiFi Architectures 5. Summary
Carrier-grade operation
Interference mitigation
End-to-end scalability
Designed to support millions of users and exponential traffic growth
2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Standards-based
BRKSPM-1200
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Intelligent Radio
Unified Architecture
Seamless Experience
Converged Core
Intelligent Radio
Complete portfolio of
Unified Architecture
Fast and real time
Seamless Experience
Effortless
Converged Core
Standardized
inter-operability point
System-wide
and beamforming
Real time analytics
Hotzone, Metrozone
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Intelligent Radio
Not All Access Points Are the Same
Best in class Radio Resource Management coupled with beamforming to deliver focused power to clients Improves Network Throughput and Coverage Sophisticated spectrum Intelligence to monitor the airwaves; detect, locate and classify interference and reconfigure the network to avoid Improves Network Reliability Optimized RF utilization by moving 5 GHz capable client out of the congested 2.4 GHz channels Improves Network Throughput Extends reliable multicast into the wireless network by converting multicast to unicast at the AP Quality Video over WLAN
2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41
Cisco CleanAir
A system-wide feature that uses silicon-level intelligence to automatically mitigate the impact of wireless interference, optimize network performance, and reduce troubleshooting costs
BRKSPM-1200
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Cisco CleanAir
BRKSPM-1200
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Converged Operator
M F
FNO MSO
Fixed BB Infra.
Cisco Public 44
BRKSPM-1200
On-Net
Internet Off-Net
BRKSPM-1200 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 45
5508/ WISM2
Indoor APs
AZR & 1K
1K ISG
Broadhop
L3
5K IPSG
Legacy Gx, Gy
BRKSPM-1200
Cisco Public
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STP
ITP
HLR
MAP MAP
AP
802.1X
802.1X EAP Negotiation EAP Authentication / Authorization DHCP Discover DHCP Request / Ack Rad.Acc. Req. Rad.Acc. Resp.
L3 IP PoA
DHCP Relay
DHCP Offer (IP Address, Mask, GW, DNS) Radius.Acc. Req. Radius.Acc. Resp
IP Traffic
Internet
BRKSPM-1200
Cisco Public
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GTP Integration
5508/ WISM2
PMIPv6 Integration
5508/ WISM2
1K MAG
5K P-GW
Legacy Gx, Gy
BRKSPM-1200
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STP HLR
MAP MAP
CiscoAR AAA
Radius.Req Radius.Accept
User Record Cached
ITP
Clientless
AP
802.1X
802.1X EAP Negotiation EAP Authentication / Authorization DHCP Discover DHCP Request / Ack IP1 Rad.Acc. Req. Rad.Acc. Resp.
L3 IP PoA
GGSN
DHCP Relay
DHCP Offer (IP Address IP1, Mask, GW, DNS) Radius.Acc Req Radius.Acc Res
IP Traffic GTP
Internet
BRKSPM-1200
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ITP
HLR
MAP MAP
AP
WLC
802.1X EAP Negotiation
802.1X
ASR1K MAG
PBU PBA: IP1 DHCP Offer (IP Address IP1, Mask, GW, DNS) DHCP Request / Ack IP1 IP Traffic PMIPv6
BRKSPM-1200 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Internet
50
Need to realize a two stage approach if standardized PCEF components are to be used
Stage 1: If MAC address is unknown, need to use captive portal to allow user to enter credentials and then associate MAC address with authenticated identity Stage 2: After user has authenticated, trigger re-establishment of session when MAC address can be associated with a valid user identity and correct CDRs generated
BRKSPM-1200 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
51
Packet Core
Core Network Tunneling: GTP/LMA Roaming
CAPWAP Integrated Image Management, Radio Resource Management, Fast Metro Mobility, Security,
Metro WiFi AP
Metro WiFi AP
Residential WiFi AP
Residential WiFi
Cisco Public
PMIPv6 Standard EPC Integration, Macro Mobility, Load balancing, GW initiated Termination, Migrant User support, walk away detection, security, ...
Metro WiFi
BRKSPM-1200 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
52
Agenda
1. Mobile DataDrivers for Change 2. Addressing the Economics 3. Access Offload Requirements 4. SP WiFi Architectures 5. Summary
Summary - 1
Its only a matter of time before all operators will need to embrace small cells offloading both bandwidth and signalling load from the macro network WiFi already used to support nearly 40% of Smartphone traffic in the US Compared to femto where an E2E architecture has been defined by 3GPP, no standard defined approach to architecting SP WiFi Over the last 2 years, Cisco has been developing an architecture based on 3GPP standards to enable in integration of SP WiFi users into scalable converged policy and charging infrastructure
Options available: licensed, unlicensed or both
BRKSPM-1200
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Summary - 2
Now delivering on the promise of E2E SP WiFi architectures Driving client ecosystems to deliver HS 2.0 capabilities to automate authentication and deliver a seamless experience Small cell installations further allow differentiation enabling direct access to distributed content and services Unlikely that similar techniques will be applied in the macro network driven from a purely economic perspective versus enhanced user experience Small Cells are driving convergence discussions around how to integrate transport orientated QoS with RF QoS and IP level policy and charging enforcement
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Questions?
BRKSPM-1200
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Cisco Public 57
BRKSPM-1200
Final Thoughts
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BRKSPM-1200
Cisco Public