Basics of Electronic Circuits

Experiment 3 Series and Parallel Resonance 2005-06/I

The objective of this experiment is to study series and parallel resonance in an L-C-R circuit. The capacitor used in this experiment is a 1000-pF polyester capacitor and can be represented by a pure capacitance C. The inductor used in this experiment is a coil !ith a ferrite core normally used as the antenna coil of an "# radio receiver. $uch a coil does not unfortunately behave li%e a pure inductance but has to be represented by a series combination of an inductance L and a resistance r. This resistance is not just the d-c resistance of the coil& it also includes a resistance !hich represents the po!er loss in the coil. 'ence the resistance r is al!ays hi(her than the resistance of the coil as measured by a multimeter. #oreover the nonlinear ma(netisation characteristics of ferrite core ma%es the coil behave in a sli(htly nonlinear fashion leadin( to some distortions in the !aveforms as you !ill observe in this experiment "s the measurements !ill be made at hi(h fre)uencies near the radio-fre)uency ran(e one has to ta%e into account the finite input impedance of the CR* !hich consists of a 1# resistance in parallel !ith a +,pF capacitance and the capacitance of the cable connectin( the circuit to the CR* !hich can be much lar(er than the capacitance presented by the CR*. 1# is a very hi(h resistance is in comparison !ith other resistances in the circuit and can hence be treated as an open circuit. -ut the capacitance of the connectin( cable plus the input capacitance of the CR* can be )uite si(nificant in comparison !ith the actual capacitance C used in the circuit. This capacitance denoted by Cc !ill therefore have to be determined and included in all calculations. ! Chec% the (iven capacitor and resistors by measurin( their values !ith the multimeter. $et up the circuit sho!n in Fi(. ..1 !ith R s / 0 and R / 10 the L-r combination representin( the coil. "pply a sinusoidal volta(e v s havin( fre)uency 100%'0 and an amplitude of 11. 1erify that the !aveforms of vi 2/ vs3 and vR 2/ iR3 are both sinusoidal by observin( them on the CR* usin( vs to tri((er the CR*. Chan(e the CR* display mode to the x-y mode and note the elliptical display indicatin( a phase difference bet!een v i and i. 4ncrease the fre)uency (radually until the display becomes a strai(ht line indicatin( that v i and i are in phase. 5ote the value of this fre)uency f0 !hich is the series resonant fre)uency of the LCR circuit (iven by f0 / 16+2LC3 and the slope of the strai(ht line !hich is (iven by v R 6 vi / R 6 2R 7 r3. 2! 8etermine the value of L and r from the measured values of f 0 C R and vR6vi. Compare the value of r obtained by this method !ith the resistance of the coil measured !ith a multimeter. 3! 5o! vary the fre)uency slo!ly and CR* determine the fre)uencies f1 and f+ at !hich the phase difference bet!een vR 2/iR3 and vi 42y3 442x3 becomes 9,o as determined from the intercepts of the ellipse on the vR axis. Rs C i Coil "! #easure the amplitudes of vR at f1 and f+ and compare them !ith its value at f 0. Find the value of the band!idth 2f+ : f13 and hence ; 7 7 F? / f0 62f+ : f13. Compare this value !ith the expected value of ; / L6C 62R 7 r3. v v C L 5! 4nsertin( Rs / 1.0% and connect vi 2instead of vR3 to channel 42y3 %eepin( vs R i r connected to channel 442x3 to obtain a display of vi a(ainst vs 2note that vi vs no!3. vR 7 4ncrease the fre)uency (radually until the display becomes a strai(ht line a(ain. #i$! 3! 6! 5ote do!n this fre)uency fp !hich is the resonant fre)uency of the inductance L and the series combination of C and the capacitance C c< fp / 16 +2LCe)3 !here Ce) / CCc62C 7 Cc3. 4t is easy to see that 2fp6f03+ / 1 7 C6Cc. =se this relationship to determine the value of C c from the measured values of fp f0 and C. 'o! does it compare !ith the CR* input capacitance> 8etermine the resistance Rp of the LCR circuit includin( C c at parallel resonance from the slope of the slope of the strai(ht line display< vi 6 vs / Rp 6 2Rp 7 Rs3.
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