Stolen Generations

Meagan Cramer, Kassandra Humke and Tyler Volovksek

Senior Division Website

Cramer, Humke, Volovsek 1 Meagan Cramer, Kassandra Humke, Tyler Volovsek National History Day February 18, 2014 Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Aboriginal Children in School. Digital image. Aboriginal Education. Bilney Thomas, 07 May 2009. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. This resource describes the aboriginal children in the time period of the Stolen Generations and the struggles they faced in their education. These children had to overcome many obstacles like racism and other discriminate actions, which is reflected within the photograph. This photograph was used in the Aboriginal Rights portion of our website due to its pertinence to the right to education that was stolen from the children during this time. AhChee, Marita. "Stolen Generations." Interview by The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. Marita AhChees testimony represents the religious hardships that was endured by the victims of the Stolen Generations. Marita AhChee was taken by nuns of Australia and forced into the Catholic religion. Eventually abandoned by her owners, Marita was forced to separate from her family. This was used in the Testimonies portion of our website in order to apply the information to the reality the victims endured. Burns, Rebekah. School Mornington. Digital image.Students10:school_mornington_lg.jpg. N.p., 05 Nov. 2010. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. The source analyzes the education that the aboriginal children received as victims of the Stolen Generations. Children were forced to receive English names and adhere to the regulations of the new Australian society. A photograph taken by Rebekah Burns, this shows the devastation of the Stolen Generations in the realm of education and the apparent suffering that the children endured. This photograph was used in the Stolen Generations portion of our website due to its pertinence to the hardships that the children of the Stolen Generations endured in order to receive an education. Butters, Jane. "Stolen Generations." Interview by The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. This testimony is given by Jane Butters. At the age of six, the workers of the Australian Government of Moola Bulla came into her home, sent her mother outside, and took her away. Janes feelings of constant sadness and fear due to her aloneness was magnified by the forcing of the aboriginal people within the camp she was sent to not being allowed to

Cramer, Humke, Volovsek 2 speak the aboriginal language. Victims of the Stolen Generation such as her were denied the right for parental visits, so they never saw them. This was used in the Testimonies portion of our website in order to apply the information to the reality the victims endured. Byrne, Frank. "Stolen Generations." Interview by The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. This testimony is given by Frank Byrne. Frank was taken away from his home at five years of age to reside at the Moola Bulla station, at which children were not given an education, but rather sent out immediately into the workforce. With no protection, children were forced to conceptualize and implement abstract survival methods. Fortunately, at the age of 14, Frank finished school and was united with his father. Although this seems to have a fortunate ending, the story of Franks reuniting with his family is quite rare among the testimonies of the victims of the Stolen Generations. This was used in the Testimonies portion of our website in order to apply the information to the reality the victims endured. Cabinet Office of Australia. "Equal rights and responsibilities for Aboriginal people." Virtual Reading Room. National Archives of Australia, 20 Sep 1971. Web. 24 Feb 2014. This document is the aboriginal policy published in 1971. It reveals that the government realizes that they have done wrong and mistreated the aboriginal people greatly. It states that they should have all the same rights as any other citizen and they should be encouraged to express their culture. This primary source stresses the fact that the native people of Australia no longer should be treated as second hand citizens, but rather should be no different than anyone else. This document was used in the Government Responsibilities portion of our website within the slideshow to show the validity of our claims. Cassey, Brian. Aboriginal Children. Digital image. More Aboriginal Children Put into Care Now than during 'Stolen Generations'. Telegraph Media Group, 2014. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. This site states the statistics of the victims of the Stolen Generations, which reveal how they were affected by their separations and their lives presently. It also provides firsthand accounts of how the children reacted to the Stolen Generations and about Link-Up NSW, a government program designed to reunite children from the Stolen Generations with their families. This document also expands upon Sorry Day and its reactions. This impactful photograph was used on our Title Home page to show the devastation of the aboriginal children during the Stolen Generations era. Collard, Donald. The Collard Children. Digital image. Stolen Generation Family Sues. Perth Now News, 04 Feb. 2013. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. This source outlines a familys journey in order to seek compensation from the hardships they endured as victims of the Stolen Generations. The Collard family underwent a five-

Cramer, Humke, Volovsek 3 week trial in the Western Australia Supreme Court. The document reveals the wrong thinking about the Stolen Generations Act and the steps that must be taken to provide for those affected by the event. Reactions to this court appearance varied among Australians. Many encouraged their bravery against the Australian Government Others, while others argue that they are going to be making a regrettable decision by trying to sue Western Australia for something that they have already proclaimed a mistake. This photograph was used in the Stolen Generations portion of our website to manifest the lack of material wealth and necessities given to the victims of the Stolen Generations. Cook, James. and Hutchinson, John. and Wallis, Samuel. Journal of H.M.S. Endeavour, 17681771 [manuscript] . 1768. 26 Mar. 2014. This primary source is a manuscript of primarily James Cook, the first English Explorer to reach Australia. This account describes his journey on the H.M.S. Endeavour, the ship in which he traveled, from 1768 to 1771. Cook meticulously describes his encounter with the native people of Australia and the reactions of these people. Cook provides an accurate description of the discovering of Australia that is still used to this day to teach the history of the country. This is used throughout the website, but primarily in the Background portion of the website due to its pertinence to our topic of the Stolen Generations. "Documenting Democracy." Documenting Democracy. Museum of Australian Democracy, n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. This source, created by the Museum of Australian Democracy, contains the Secret Instructions of Lieutenant Vook on July 30, 1768. This document includes instructions which told James Cook to take possession of the continent by the King of England. This set of Secret Instructions traveled with Captain Cook through the entirety of his voyages, as they contained the outline of the route, the activities that the men were to undertake, and how to report his progress. This is used in the Background portion of our website in order to provide proper background to the settling of Australia by the Europeans. Fletcher, Kerry. Audio | Sorry Song. Kerry Fletcher. ABC Music Publishing, 1998. Audio | Sorry Song. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. This source includes the Sorry Song, written by Kerry Fletcher, which was a postApology extended song. This song was written primarily to extend the Apology that was given by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and the Leader of the Opposition on the occasion of the National Apology on February 13, 2008. This is used in the Sorry Day portion of our website to convey the impact that Sorry Day has held on the entire continent of Australia. "Former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd Quits Federal Politics with Emotional Speech to Parliament." Photograph. ABC News. N.p., 13 Nov. 2013. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. This source, created by ABC news, talks about Kevin Rudd, the Prime Minister of

Cramer, Humke, Volovsek 4 Australia, retiring from his position. He explains the reasons for his resignation and the gravity of the situation. Kevin Rudd delivered the Sorry Day speech and created Sorry Day in honor of the Stolen Generations. This photograph was used in the Rights and Responsibilities portion of our website as a button to allow viewers to visualize Kevin Rudd and his role in the Australian Government versus the Stolen Generations. Franklin, Richard. Among Us. Digital image. Treaty Republic. Melbourne ACMI Cinemas, 13 Feb. 2011. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. This photograph, taken by Richard Franklin, is featured in Among Us, a documentary designed to spread awareness of the Stolen Generations. Among Us is a story of the Stolen Generations of Victoria, where Aboriginal elders return to the institutions in Ballarat that they were removed to as children between the 1950's and 1970's. Victims were interviewed by acclaimed Indigenous director Richard Franklin, and in their own words, paint a vivid portrait of life in the homes, and the personal and emotional challenges faced as an adult separated from family and identity. This was used in the Aboriginal Rights portion of the website to show the extent of the rights taken away from the Aboriginal people. Furber, Harold. "Stolen Generations." Interview by The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. This source states what Harold Furber has experienced. His account includes vague memories of living and playing in the Todd River, a creek near the settlement known as the Gap. The Gap Cottages was a settlement out of town in which the Stolen Generations victims were forced to remain within its walls. The people were not permitted to travel to the town, with the exception of traveling to their job, and families of the victims were not welcomed. This was used in the Testimonies portion of our website in order to apply the information to the reality the victims endured. Lavarch, Michael. Bringing Them Home. Rep. no. 0642269548. N.p.: Commonwealth of Australia, 1997. Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families. Australian Human Rights Commission, Apr. 1997. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. The Bringing Them Home report composed by Michael Lavarch and published by the Commonwealth of Australia in April of 1997. The report was the result of an inquiry by the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission into the removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families. This resulted in National Sorry Day on May 26, 1998, the national apology to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and their families and acknowledgement of the lack of responsibility fulfillment by the previous government. This report is a tribute to the strength and struggles of many thousands of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people affected by forcible removal that acknowledge the hardships they endured and the sacrifices they made. It is also a

Cramer, Humke, Volovsek 5 lament and remembrance of all the children who will never come home. This source was used in the Sorry Day portion of our website. Maino of Yam. Australian Screen. Yamaz Sibarud. Yamaz Sibarud, 1898. Australianscreen. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. This source contains a clip of a musical piece. The author of the clip is a man, identified by British Library records as Maino of Yam, who sings a traditional song entitled Yamaz Sibarud. He sings the song a capella. The recording fades out as the man continues to sing. There is no translation for the song, and the meaning is not known. However, the song is known to be a lament of the aboriginal people. This is featured on our title Home page in order to show the original culture found among the Aboriginal people. "MARNTI WARAJANGA a Walk Together." The Apology: A Nation Faces Its past Marnti Warajanga a Walk Together. Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre, n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2014. This resource, created by Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre, explains how people reacted towards the apology spoken by the Prime Minister of Australia. This reaction varied greatly among those affected by the Stolen Generations. Many indigenous people voiced that the Apology didnt matter due to the events currently unchangeable manner. Others expressed that the apology meant a lot to the Aboriginal people, and that it provoke a major change in the history of Australia. This was used in the Stolen Generations portion of our website for this reason. Marshall, Nita. "Stolen Generations." Interview by The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. This interview with Nita Marshall, a victim of the Stolen Generations, highlights her experience as a victim. In the interview, Marshall describes her family, how, when and where she was taken by the Australian Government, and the struggle she has gone through in order to rekindle her family connections. Nita completed the interview because of her drive to spread awareness of the Stolen Generations and to show the government and the people of Australia how this horrific event is still affecting people today. This was used in the Testimonies portion of our website in order to apply the information to the reality the victims endured. Simon, Bill. "Stolen Generations." Interview by The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. According to this source, Bill Simon was taken at a very early age. Growing up, Bill started to get to know his roots and culture, a characteristic abnormal to the victims of the Stolen Generatrions. However, the Purfleet Mission, a center for the Stolen Generations

Cramer, Humke, Volovsek 6 operations, wasnt allowing aborigines to leave the Mission unless they got permission from the manager for going into town. This testimony describes the lack of freedom that victims of the Stolen Generations endured and outlines the typical life of the taken children. This was used in the Testimonies portion of our website in order to apply the information to the reality the victims endured. Starcevic, Maria. "Stolen Generations." Interview by The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. The source tells about Maria Starcevic, who personally thinks people should know how aborigines were treated and that she wasn't the only one who was affected. She has since recovered and views herself as fortunate to have such good friends around her. After she got out of the Good Shepherd Orphanage, Maria traveled to Sydney to be united with those who have cared for her since her experience at the orphanage. This was used in the Testimonies portion of our website in order to apply the information to the reality the victims endured. The Stolen Generation. Digital image. The Stolen Generation. WordPress.com., 08 May 2008. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. The source describes the Aboriginal Children and the need for the Australian Government to compensate the victims and correct the ongoing issues. Children were removed because the aboriginal race was seen as an embarrassment to white Australia. The ultimate goal of the government was to strip the children of their aboriginality, and accustom them to live in a white Australia. The tragedy was compounded when the children, as they grew up, encountered the racism which shaped the policy, and found themselves rejected by the very society for which they were being prepared. This photograph was used in the Stolen Generations slideshow to show the effects of the laws set by the government which induced the Stolen Generations. "The University of Queensland." Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders in 1960s Australia. University of Queensland, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. The source reveals the hardships that the Aboriginal people still endured in the 1960s and how the Europeans occupation of Australia had a profound impact on Aboriginal and Torres Stait Islander people. From 1788, indigenous resistance had been widespread, protracted and in some areas extremely effective, but over time spears proved no match for the guns, disease and terror tactics of the invaders. This was used in the Background portion of our website, which describes the Aboriginal people of Australia. Oxley, John. Mapoon Boys, Church Parade,. Digital image. Tablelands Regional Council. Visual Obsession, 1900. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.

Cramer, Humke, Volovsek 7 This source proves the validity of the Stolen Generations. Mapoon Boys, Church Parade was taken in 1900 and is now part of the John Oxley Library State Library of Queensland. It was later shown at the Broken Links: the Stolen Generations in Queensland exhibition. This exhibition marks the passing of a decade since the publication of Bringing them home, the Report of the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commissions National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families. The exhibition touches on the history of the Stolen Generations in Queensland, and the effects on many Indigenous people over successive generations. This was used in the Sorry Day portion of our website for these purposes. Smith. Kahlin Compound. Digital image. Trove. National Library of Australia, 27 Apr. 1928. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. This source includes newspaper articles and first-hand accounts from that time era of the Stolen Generations and tells much about the events that were taking place. The accounts of the children of the Stolen Generations included much detail pertaining to their experiences during this time. The overall theme represented throughout each testimony was the racist core of the Australian people and government and the denying of simple rights for the Aboriginal people, which is why we chose to use this in the Stolen Generations page of our website. Walther, Steven T. "Declaration of the Rights of the Child." Unicef. Unicef, 2003. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. This document, Declaration of the Rights of the Child, explains all of the rights that a child has while growing up. We used this website to see what the rights are of children, and to compare those rights to what rights were being taken away from the children, because of the Stolen Generations. Even though this document hadnt been created until the Stolen Generations were almost over, the British were some of the people to help create this document, and if they helped create these rights, then they were breaking them themselves the whole time during the Stolen Generations. This was used in the Aboriginal Rights page of our website due to its pertinence in the rights taken away from the Aboriginal children by the government. Wenberg, Vince. "Stolen Generations." Interview by The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. The source is a testimony by Vince Wenberg. On March 28, 1944, Wenberg was placed under the control of the Aboriginal Welfare Board (AWB) through the Children Court in Sydney. His two brothers Gustave and John and six sisters Amy, Adelaide, Rita, Valerie, Dorothy and Patricia were split up and placed in different homes. He and his brothers were admitted to the Kinchela Boys Home in Kempsey, Australia and his sisters were split up between the Bomaderry Childrens Home and the Cootamundra Girls Home.

Cramer, Humke, Volovsek 8 This was used in the Testimonies portion of our website in order to apply the information to the reality the victims endured. Wright, Rita. "Stolen Generations." Interview by The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies. The Stolen Generations' Testimonies Foundation, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. This testimony is given by Rita Wright. Rita, taken away at the age of two in secret by the welfare system, endured much strife throughout her life due to the events of the Stolen Generations. Cousins of Rita had witnessed her being taken, but werent permitted speak about the occurrence to adults due to threats of their separation as well. Wright and her sister ended up in Marella Mission in Kellyville, New South Wales. Marella Mission was owned by the Church of England and run by a married couple. Rita and her sister had to refer to them as mom and dad, and resulting in them knowing the couple as their parents. The mission had told Rita her separation from her birth family was due to sores and lice that the welfare had seen upon their investigation. Wright was released at the age of 19 and was eventually reunited with her family. This was used in the Testimonies portion of our website in order to apply the information to the reality the victims endured. Secondary Sources ABC Online Communities. "UN Says Discrimination Embedded in Australia." ABC News. Abc.net.au, 28 Aug. 2010. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. The source outlines the United Nations and United Nations Human Rights Panel report which rebuked the Australian government for its treatment of Aboriginal people. At the release of a report from the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination in Geneva, the United Nations commented that discrimination has become embedded in the Australian way of life. This is featured in the Rights and Responsibilities portion of our website. We chose to use this source due to its worldly influence on the lack of responsibility by the Australian government during the time period following the Stolen Generations. "Aborigines: The First Australians." About: Aborigines. N. Trishans Oz., n.2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. The source tells of the first European settlers who came over to claim Australia. It describes James Cook coming over to map out the shores and Captain Arthur Phillip, the first to encounter the indigenous people. It also illuminates how the first misunderstanding magnified their cultural differences. This eventually led to the Europeans fighting the Aborigines and treating them as a minority. This source was used in the History portion of our website because of its additional information regarding the settling of Australia and the initial responses to the indigenous people of Australia.

Cramer, Humke, Volovsek 9 Australia in the 1780s. 1948. Photograph. State Library of Victoria. Myplace.edu.au. By Algernon Talmage. Australian Children's Television Foundation and Education Services Australia Ltd, 2011. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. This source, formed by the Australian Childrens Television Foundation, Education Services of Australia, and The Learning Federation, explains when, where, and why the British first came over to Australia and how they found Australia. It describes the first fleet that came over to Australia from Britain. The picture obtained from this source shows the British first landing and walking on Australian soil. This was used in the menu page to the Background portion of our website because of its detailed revealing of the history of the settling of Australia by the Europeans. "Captain Cook - Cook Claims New South Wales." - Australian History, Colonization. Australia's Living Archive, 2014. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. This source contains a video that explains how and why Captain Cook claimed the entire East Coast of New Holland for Britain. He spent some time watching the Aboriginal tribe, but then decided to claim the East Coast of what is now Australia without their permission. It shows and explains Cooks journal entries over the course of his voyage. This was used in the History portion of our website to provide greater background on Captain Cooks journey and reactions in the finding of Australia and its native people. Corroboree on the Murray River. 1858. Photograph. State Library of New South Wales. State Library of New South Wales. By Gerard Krefft. 2011. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. This source tells about the aboriginal culture found when white settlers first arrived in Australia. It elaborates on George Augustus Robinson (1791-1866), the last Protector of Aborigines, whose travels throughout Tasmania and Victoria give us an unparalleled understanding of Aboriginal Australians and their experiences during the initial years of European settlement. The painting used from this source is described in Christie's Sale of Paintings and Drawings of the Pacific, 1974 as "A war dance among the Aborigines of Australia on the Murray River". This was used in the History portion of our website to provide greater background on the Aboriginal people of Australia and their culture. Death of James Cook. Digital image. Treasure Explorer. Harold Mitchell Foundation, 14 Oct. 2010. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. The source describes the death of Captain James Cook the accomplishments he was noted for during his life. Ten days before his death, Captain James Cook (17281779) had sailed away from Kealakekua Bay, on Hawaii Island. The painting used from this source depicts his final battle with the aboriginal people of Australia. This was used in the menu buttons of our Background page due to its pertinence to the history of our topic. "European Discovery and the Colonisation of Australia." Australia.gov.au. Australian Government, 11 Jan. 2008. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.

Cramer, Humke, Volovsek 10 This source, created by the Australian Government, outlines when the first Europeans came over to Australia. In 1770, Englishman Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia under the instructions of King George III of England. The first fleet of Englishman landed in Botany Bay with 11 ships. This was led by Captain Arthur Phillip, who carried out the instructions to establish the first British Colony. We used this source in the History portion of our website to describe the first encounter with the Aboriginal people of Australia. INDIGENOUS LAND UNDER STATUTE. N.d. Photograph. Site Navigation. Australian Human Rights Commission. Web. 06 Mar. 2014. This resource, created by the Australian Human Rights Commission, outlines the Aboriginal land of Australia. The majority of the land has been returned to the indigenous people through land rights over the past 40 years. This source also describes the economy, land usage, and laws surrounding the native people of Australia. This was used in the Aborigines portion of our website to describe the whereabouts of the Aboriginal people of Australia. This proves important to our research because it is important to have proper background on the movement of the native people in order to understand the extent of their hardships and rights lost. Floyd, Patricia. "Exhibitions." Digital Image. YinjaaBarni Art. Yinjaa-Barni Art, July 2007. Web. 05 Mar. 2014. This source exhibits paintings of the aboriginal people of Australia. The website tells about the artists and how they find inspiration to draw such masterpieces and about the organizations they are a part of. YinjaaBarni Art is a non-profit organization for the aboriginal people. It is governed by its own Aboriginal board and run by an executive manager, an original victim of the Stolen Generations. This source is used on the Research portion of our page. This symbolizes the slave-like manner and lack of freedoms bestowed upon the native people of Australia. National Sorry Day Committee. "The Apology to Australia's Indigenous Peoples." National Sorry Day Committee Inc. National Sorry Day Committee, 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. This resource composed by the National Sorry Day Committee of Australia, a civil society, not-for-profit organization that advocates for the rights of the Stolen Generations at the national level, described the apology given by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and each Australian State and Territory government. The government processes used in order to publicize a national apology as well the general response of the aboriginal people are outlined within the source. This was used in the Sorry Day portion of our website to describe Sorry Day and the response held by the general population. National Sorry Day Committee. "History of National Sorry Day." National Sorry Day Committee Inc. National Sorry Day Committee, 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.

Cramer, Humke, Volovsek 11 This source outlined the history of National Sorry Day and the annual commemoration of the event. The source reveals the legislation behind National Sorry day and provides an accurate account of reactions to the legislation and the national apology given by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and each Australian State and Territory government. The National Sorry Day Committee now works diligently to spread awareness of Sorry Day and the Stolen Generations. This source was used in the Sorry Day portion of our website to show the aftermath of the Apology. Penrith Press. Track the History - Us Taken-Away Kids: Commemorating the 10th Anniversary of the 'Bringing Them Home' Report. Australian Human Rights Commission, 26 Oct. 2007. Web. 6 Mar. 2014. This source contains a timeline of the events that have occurred and consequences that have happened to the Australian people due to the Europeans arrival. It goes into much detail about the events that occurred from 1770 to 2007. This was used in the Aboriginal Rights and Sorry Day portions of our website because of the information it contains of the Apology and the rights stolen from the Aboriginal people of Australia. Sunday School at the Kahlin Compound. N.d. Spillett Collection. 105.7 ABC Darwin. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. This source, created by 105.7 ABC Darwin, explains how people reacted to the Stolen Generations. It also talks about what the people thought the apology was going to be about, before it was even spoken. Many people didnt know what they were going to think of the apology because they didnt know what was going to be said. This was used in the Sorry Day portion of our website because of the information it contained to the precursors of the Apology and the preconceived opinions towards it. "Who Are the Aborigines? - Curiosity." Curiosity. N. Troy Paff., n. 2011. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. This source describes who the aborigines were, their appearance and culture. The source also describes when Aboriginal people arrived in Australia and how the method in which they arrived. This article outlines the religious practices of the natives and reveals how it has affected their culture. This is used in the Background portion of our website to describe the natives in greater detail.