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April 16, 2014
Dartmouth College
Changes in air temperature, not precipitation, drove the expansion and
contraction of glaciers in Africa's Rwenzori Mountains at the height of
the last ice age, according to research. The results -- along with a
recent study that found air temperature also likely influenced the
fluctuating size of South America's Quelccaya Ice Cap over the past
millennium -- support many scientists' suspicions that today's tropical
glaciers are rapidly shrinking primarily because of a warming climate
rather than declining snowfall or other factors.
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C
Herd of antelopes in Uganda (stock image). Dartmouth glacial geomorphologist
Meredith Kelly and her team used the beryllium-10 method to determine the ages
of quartz-rich boulders atop moraines in the Rwenzori Mountains on the border of
Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. These mountains have the most
extensive glacial and moraine systems in Africa. Moraines are ridges of sediments
that mark the past positions of glaciers.
hanges in air temperature, not precipitation, drove the expansion and
contraction of glaciers in Africa's Rwenzori Mountains at the height of
the last ice age, according to a Dartmouth-led study funded by the
National Geographic Society and the National Science Foundation.
The results -- along with a recent Dartmouth-led study
that found air temperature also likely influenced the
fluctuating size of South America's Quelccaya Ice Cap
over the past millennium -- support many scientists'
suspicions that today's tropical glaciers are rapidly
shrinking primarily because of a warming climate
rather than declining snowfall or other factors. The two
studies will help scientists to understand the natural
variability of past climate and to predict tropical
glaciers' response to future global warming.
The most recent study, which marks the first time that
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Dartmouth College. "Air temperature influenced African glacial movements at height
of last ice age." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 16 April 2014.
<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140416143309.htm>.
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scientists have used the beryllium-10 surface exposure
dating method to chronicle the advance and retreat of
Africa's glaciers, appears in the journal Geology. A
PDF is available on request.
Africa's glaciers, which occur atop the world's highest
tropical mountains, are among the most sensitive
components of the world's frozen regions, but the
climatic controls that influence their fluctuations are
not fully understood. Dartmouth glacial
geomorphologist Meredith Kelly and her team used the beryllium-10 method to
determine the ages of quartz-rich boulders atop moraines in the Rwenzori Mountains
on the border of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. These mountains
have the most extensive glacial and moraine systems in Africa. Moraines are ridges of
sediments that mark the past positions of glaciers.
The results indicate that glaciers in equatorial East Africa advanced between 24,000
and 20,000 years ago at the coldest time of the world's last ice age. A comparison of
the moraine ages with nearby climate records indicates that Rwenzori glaciers
expanded contemporaneously with regionally dry, cold conditions and retreated when
air temperature increased. The results suggest that, on millennial time scales, past
fluctuations of Rwenzori glaciers were strongly influenced by air temperature.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Dartmouth College. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. J. S. Stroup, M. A. Kelly, T. V. Lowell, P. J. Applegate, J. A. Howley. Late
Holocene fluctuations of Qori Kalis outlet glacier, Quelccaya Ice Cap,
Peruvian Andes. Geology, 2014; 42 (4): 347 DOI: 10.1130/G35245.1
Cite This Page:
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largest French glacier, the Cook ice cap (which had
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