Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GROUPS SERVED
SENIOR MANAGERS
MANAGEMENT LEVEL
MIDDLE MANAGERS
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
OPERATIONAL LEVEL
SALES & MARKETING
Operational-level systems support operational managers by monitoring the day-to-days elementary activities and transactions of the organization. e.g. TPS. Knowledge-level systems support knowledge and data workers in designing products, distributing information, and coping with paperwork in an organization. e.g. KWS, OAS Management-level systems support the monitoring, controlling, decisionmaking, and administrative activities of middle managers. e.g. MIS, DSS Strategic-level systems support long-range planning activities of senior management. e.g. ESS 4
Executive Support Systems (ESS) Management Information Systems (MIS) Decision Support Systems (DSS) Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) Office Automation Systems (OAS) Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
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TYPE: OperationalOperational-level INPUTS: transactions, events PROCESSING: updating OUTPUTS: detailed reports USERS: operations personnel, supervisors DECISIONDECISION -MAKING: highly structured
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Payroll System
scheduling, communication
OUTPUTS: documents; schedules USERS: clerical workers
TYPE: ManagementManagement-level INPUTS: high volume data PROCESSING: simple models OUTPUTS: summary reports USERS: middle managers DECISIONDECISION -MAKING: structured to semi semi-structured EXAMPLE: annual budgeting
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Characteristics of Management information Systems 1. MIS support structured decisions at the operational and management control levels. However, they are also useful for planning purposes of senior management staff. 2. MIS are generally reporting and control oriented. They are designed to report on existing operations and therefore to help provide day-to-day control of operations. 3. MIS rely an existing corporate data-and data flows. 4. MIS have little analytical capability. 5. MIS generally aid in decision making using past and present data. 6. MIS are relatively inflexible. 7. MIS have an internal rather than an external 14
orientation.
ESS workstation
Internal Data TPS/MIS Data Financial Data Office Systems Modeling/ analysi s
External Data Dow Jones Gal lup Pol l Standard & Poor's
ESS workstation
M IS DSS
M anage me nt-Le ve l Sys te ms Capital Re location Annual Inve s tme nt analys is analys is budge ting Cos t analys is Pricing/profitability Contract cos t analys is analys is
KWS OAS
Orde r proce s s ing M ate rial move me nt Cas h manage me nt control Sale s and mark e ting M anufacturing Finance
Accounting
Human Re s ource s
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MIS
DSS
KWS/ OAS
TPS
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Pricing analysis
Management
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Manufacturing and Production Systems Systems that deal with the planning, development, and production of products and services and with controlling the flow of production.
Examples Description Control the actions of machines and equipment Computer-aided design (CAD) Design new products using the computer Production planning Decide when and how many products should be produced Facilities location Decide where to locate new production facilities System Machine control Organizational Level Operational Knowledge Management Strategic
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Sales
Generate Order
Submit Order
Accounting
Check Credit
Approve Credit
Generate Invoice
Assemble Product
Ship Product
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Sales T eleph on e sales W eb sales Field sales Ret ail sales M ark eting Cam paign dat a Co n tent Data an aly sis
Cust om er Serv ice Call cen ter data W eb self serv ice dat a Field service data W ireless data
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Enterprise Systems
Firm wide information systems that integrate key business processes so that information can flow freely between different parts of the firm.
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Vendors
Organizational Boundaries
Vendors
Human Resources
Organizational Boundaries
Information Systems
Customers
Accounting
Customers
Finance
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Challenges
Daunting Implementation High Up-front Costs and Future Benefits Inflexibility
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Extended Enterprises
Extended Enterprises: Networks linking systems of multiple firms in an industry. Also called extended enterprises. Vertical industrial networks Networks for integrating the operations of a firm with its suppliers. Horizontal industrial networks Networks for linking firms across an entire industry.
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Firm 1
Supplie r 1
Supplie r 2
Supplie r 3
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