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GAZETTEER,
OF

SCOTLAND;
CONTAINING

A PARTICULAR AND CONCISE DESCRIPTION,

Counties,
Parishes, Islands,
Cities,
J

Towns,
'Villages, Lakes, Rivers,
J

Mountains, Valleys, &c.

of that

Kingdom.

in account

of the Political Conjiitution

State of Agriculture

Population

Seats of the Nobility

ExtentBoundariesNatural Buildings and Gentry Roads

Hi/lory Hijlory

i^c.

ILLUSTRATED WITH

AN ELEGANT MAP.

DUNDEE:
PRINTED BY
SOLD BY BELL
J.

E.

RAY, FOR

\V.

CHALMERS, CASTLE-STREET.
A.

&

BRADFUTE, AND
J.

GILLIES,

GLASGOW, W. MORISON, AND

CONSTABLE, EDINBURGH BURNET, ABERDEEN ; D. PEAT, PERTH ; AND LONGMAN & REES, LONDON.

18

3.

INTRODUCTION.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION.

S GOTLAND, or that part of the ifland of Great Britain,

N. of the
where
it

which

lies

to the
S. E.,

river
is

Tweed,

is

bounded on

all fides

by the

fea,

except on the
ifies,

joined to England.

The Orkney and

Shetland

and the

northern coaft of the mainland of Scotland, oppofe themfelves to the waves

of the great North Sea; the eaftern mores are bounded by the German

Ocean

the ifiands and rugged

cliffs,

on

its

weftern coaft, repel the waves of

the great Atlantic

Ocean

and the fouthern ihores are wafhed by the waves

Frith.

of the

Irifh Sea,

and the Solway

Scotland extends about 280 miles in

at the greateft

length,

from the Mull of Galloway to Cape Wrath ; and,

breadth, from the Point or

Ru of Ardnamurchan
by arms f the

to Buchannefs, 1S0 miles;

but the land

is

fo indented

fea, that

the breadth

is

exceed-

ingly various, and no part

lies in

is

diftant

above 40 miles from the coaft. Scotland

it lie

54? N. latitude; but the ifiands pertaining to

much

farther

N.

the extreme ifland of Shetland being in 61 ia'N.; nearly the fame latitude as

Bergen

in

Norway.

COASTS.
In defcribing the coafts of Scotland,

we

lhati

begin at the S. E. angle of the

country.

From Berwick,
in the Frith

the fhore bends towards the

W.,

till

it

ter-

minates
fafe

of Forth, which penetrates the whole extent.

many

miles inland, affording

anchorage and

fh'elter

The promontory of Fife jutting

out into the Ocean, forms a divifion between the Frith of Forth and the
ieftuary of the Toy.

From

the Frith of

Tay

to Peterhead or Buchannefs, the

Coaft flopes in a
is

waving direction to the N. E,

Proceeding northward, there

;

vaft

bay or opening, fomewhat of the form of an equilateral triangle

is

the fide of which

about So miles in length.

The

fouthern part of this

iv

INTRODUCTION.
is

great opening
nefs.

termed the Moray Frith, and extends inland as

far as Inver-

The N.

coaft of this
fafe ftations
;

gap

is

indented by the Friths of Cromarty and

Dornoch, both

the former being the Portus Salutis of the an-

cient geographers.

From

the Frith of Dornoch, the fhore tends toward the

N.

E., terminating at the

promontory of Dungifbay, or Duncanfbay-head,coaft of Scotland.

the extreme point of the

N. E.

The

northern coafts are in

general bold and dangerous, jutting out into formidable rocky promontories,

and divided from the Orkneys by a narrow and tempeftuous

fea,

named the

Pentland Frith. Proceeding ibuthward from Cape Wrath, the N.

tory, the

W. promonwhile,

whole of the weftern fhore feems torn and mattered by the fury of
is

the waves, and

every where indented by extenfive arms of the fea

in every part, innumerable iflands are feen,

which appear

as if they

had been

detached or torn from the mainland by fome convulfion of nature.

About
fome-

30

or, 40

miles

W.

from the mainland of Scotland, a range of

iflands,

times called the Long IJland, ftretches from

the coaft
feparated
is

N.

to S. above 100 miles. Nearer

S. is the
ill

the large

ifle

of Sky

and towards the

and of Mull,
of

by

a narrow found.
ifles.

Still

farther S. are the great

is

ifles

Hay and

Jura, with other fmaller

vigable

Near the found of Mull

the great and na-

arm of the

fea

Loch Linnhe, which extends N. E. as far as Fort Wil-

liam, approaching within 50 miles of the extremity of the

Moray

Frith,

Southwards from

this great opening, the

coaft of Argyllfhire runs out into

is

the long and narrow peninfula of Kintyre, the Mull or Point of which

only

so miles diftant from the Irifh coaft.

of Kintyre, and the coaft of Ayrfhire,

Between the promontory of the Mull

is

the grand entrance to the Frith of

Clyde

in

which

are the ifles of Arran, Bute,

and the fmaller

ifle

iflands, the

Cambrays, and Inch-marnock.

This

asftuary divides, at the

of Bute, into

two

great openings
;

the

firft,

Loch Fyne, extending into Argyllfhire upwards

till

of 40 miles

the fecond, the Frith of Clyde, extending eaftward

within

30 miles of the Frith of Forth, and connected with that

navigable canal.

arm of the

fea

by a

From

the Frith of Clyde the coaft takes a direction towards

the

S.,

to the promontory of the Mull of Galloway, the S.

W.

point of Scot-

land.

From

thence the coaft tends eaftward, bounded by the Solway Frith.

From

the head of the Solway Frith, a natural boundary with the Englifh
is

border,
river

nearly completed

by the

river Liddal, the Cheviot hills,

and the

Tweed.

SURFACE.
Scotland
is

eftimated to contain an area of 279794 miles; which, by the

report lately

made

to the Board of Agriculture,

comprehended ia ; iji,47i

INTRODUCTION.
acres of cultivated,

and 14,218,224 acres of uncultivated lands. The remainoccupied by lakes and

rivers.

der of the furface

is

Scotland

is

naturally di-

vided into the two great divifions of Highlands and Lowlands, of which
particular accounts are given under thefe articles in the Gazetteer, in the

order of the alphabet.

But,

it is

alfo divided into three parts,

which we

call

the north, the middle, and the /outA divifions.

irrongly
firft

The

boundaries of thefe are as

marked by nature,
is

as the divifion into

Highland and Lowland.

The

or northern divifion,

cut off from the middle, by the chain of lakes

l

occupying the middle of the Glenmore-na-b 'a'.abin, ftretching from the Moray
Frith to Loch Linnhe.

The fecond

or middle divifion

is

feparated from the

fouthern,

by the

Friths of Forth

and Clyde, and the great Canal.

In the

northern divifion, the face of the country prefents nothing to the eye but an
afTemblage of vaft mountains
coafts with
;

bordered, however, on the N.,

N.

E.,

and E.
divifion

vaka and

level trails, of confiderable fertility.

The middle

contains alfo

many

great ranges of mountains, particularly the Grampians,

in a S.

which extend from Aberdeenlliire

W.

direction to the Atlantic.

flat

This

ridge forms the boundary between the hilly and the

country, which here,

eaftern coafts.

as well as in the former divifion, occupies the northern

and the

In thefe

two

divifions,

which comprehend more than two-thirds of Scotland,

the arable ground bears but a fmall proportion to the mountainous regions

of which the ruggednefs and

efforts of
divifion,

fterility will ever, in

a great meafure, defy the

human
and

induftry.

The

country, on the eaftern ccafts of the middle

in a great part

of the fouthern, bears more refemblance to Engal-

land

and the proportions of the cultivated to the uncultivated lands are

tered. In the fouthern divifion,

we

find every fort of rural variety.

" In fom-e

parts," fays a late author,

ilreams,

" are feen verdant plains watered by copious

cattle.

and covered with innumerable

hills

In others, the pleaSng viciSi-

tudes of gently riling

and bending

vales, fertile in corn,

waving with of

wood, and

interfperfed with

meadows,

offer the

mod

delightful landfcape

rural opulence

and beauty.

Some

tracts

abound with profpecls of the moil

dells,

romantic kind,

lofty
;

mountains, craggy rocks, deep narrow

and

tumbling torrents
fcenes, the

nor are there wanting, as a contrail to fo

pictures of black barren muirs,

many

agreeable

gloomy

and wild uncultivated

heaths."

MOUNTAINS.
The
principal ridges of mountains in Scotland are the
hills,

Grampian

bills ;

the

Penttand

in

Lothian

the mountains of Rofs-fiiire, called Ardrafs ; the

W
Lammermuir
hills,

iNTRODUCTION.
in

Berwickfhire

the great ridge of

hills,

between LanarS

and Dumfries-fhires, from whence the great

their rife
;

rivers of the S. of Scotland taki

;

the Ochils, in Fife and Perthfliires

and the Cheviot

hills,

on the

Englifti border.

Of the

individual mountains, the moft remarkable are noted

below, with their elevation.*

LAKES.
The
lakes or lochs of Scotland are very
defcribe,

numerous and

extenfive.

Any

at-

tempt to

or even to enumerate them,

;

would

greatly exceed the

limits of an Introduction

but fuch

is

their picturefque beauty,

and

fo admir=

able

is

the fine fcenery with which they are furrounded, that fcarcely are the

happieft ftrokes of the moft Ikilful pencil, or the warmeft

glow of poetic

ert-

thufiafm, adequate to convey a full idea of the profpedts they afford.

The

chief are, Loch Lomond, Loch Aiu.ov

Ow, Loch

Toy, Loch Nefs, Loch Shinj

Loch Lochaj, Loch Naver, Loch Lcven, &e.

RIVERS.
The
rivers

of Scotland are numerous

fea, are in

and, defcending from fo elevated a

In a country of fo

country to the

general rapid and precipitous.

fmall extent, and at the fame time fo mountainous,

we

cannot, indeed, expect

to find rivers equal to the Rhine or the Danube

but when their rapidity,

and the ihortnefs of

their courfe are kept in view, the Scottifh rivers are

by

no means inconfiderable.

In a level country like

Germany,

half the water

they difcharge would make very broad and deep

renders their banks very pidturefque
;

rivers.

Their rapid courfe

the

falls

and innumerable cafcades

every where heightening the fcenery. In the northern divifion there are
considerable rivers, particularly the Beaulie, Naver, Canon, &c.
:

many

but thefe are

have the Spey

by no means equal

to thofe of the middle divifion, where'

we

* Bennevis,
Cairngorm, Benlawers, ..... Benmore, Benglo, .......

43 70".

4030 4015 3907

3725 [ 3564 3550 J>feet above the level of the .... 3300 Benlomond, .... 326a Benledi, 3009 Benivenow, ...... 3000 Benchochan^ .... 3000 &c. &c. j
Shechallion, Beindeirg, Benvoirlich,

....

fea-

INTRODUCTION.
rising in the

vii

mountainous

diftrict

of Lochaber, and rufhing furioufly into the

Eaftern Sea.

The Toy

difcharges into the Ocean, below

Dundee, a greater

quantity of water than perhaps any river of Britain.

In this diftrid:, too, the

fea a great

Dee and Don, and the

of water.

E/ks, very large rivers,

diftricl,

pour into the

volume

In the fouthern

we have

the Forth, the Clyde, and the

into the Irifh Sea

Tweed ; and

the numerous rivers which

;

empty themfelves

and Solway Frith

the Ayr, the Girvatip the Southern Dee, the Nith, tlj&

Annan, and the Liddah

FORESTS.
The
i

ancient forefts of Scotland have been greatly diminifhed in extent,

while our improvident anceftors never thought of replacing them by plantations.

Of

the ancient Sylva Caledonia, or Caledonian foreft, the moft confi-

derable remains are in the diftricts of

Marr and Glentanar

in

Rannoch
fir is

in

Glenmore and Strathfpey

and

in Alfarig, in Rofs-fhire.

The

the moft

common wood;
Thefe
forefts,

but the oak and other deciduous trees are not wanting.
lefs

fome of which extend no

than 30 or 40 miles in length,

would, doubtlefs, be a fource of great riches to the proprietors, and to the

country at large, did not the want of roads, and the diftance from the
preclude the pofiibility of land carriage
rivers
is
;

fea,

and the plan of

floating

down

the

not fo practicable, owing to the

falls.

rifk.

of being fhivered by the frequent

and high

Notwithstanding thefe obftacles, however, feveral companies

in

have fucceeded
the
falls

floating

upon the

Spey

and Dee, by cutting canals where

are fo high as to injure the

wood.

CLIMATE.
Situated in the midft of a great ocean, and in fuch a northern latitude,

Scotland cannot boaft of a regular climate.

varies confiderably.

In different places the climate

From

its

infular fituation,

however, the cold

;

in

winter

is

not fo intenfe as

in fimilar latitudes
is

on the Continent

and

in

fummer, the
In winter, the
;

heat, efpecially on the coaft,

moderated by the
as
it

fea breezes.

thermometer feldom
length of that feafon
countries,
higheft
it is

finks fo
is

low

does in the S. of England

but the

generally

more protracted.
;

Like other mountainous

much

fubject to rain

and the mountains being generally

E., has been thought to are inclined to believe

on the

W.

coaft,

and declining towards the

is

be the caufe
this,

why

the weftern coaft

moft rainy.

We

owing to the prevalence of the weft wind, which brings humidity from

tin

INTRODUCTION.
;

the Atlantic ocean. Clouds of the fea are fraught with vapour, in proportion

to the extent of the fea over 'which they pafs

abforbing the exhalations from
tract of
its furface.

becaufe they are continually

it

Hence

follows that the fame

windy weather, and the fame quantity of hoar or fog imported from

the ocean, will not produce fo

much

rain

on the E.

as on the

W.

coafts.
;

During the fpring months, however, the

W.

coafts have the advantage

for
is

the eafterly winds in that feafon are generally frofty, by which vegetation
retarded,

and the E.

coafts are almoft deprived of the moft pleafant feafon of

pofTcffes

the year.
climate
is

As Scotland

few or fcarcely any marfhy

in the

diftridts,

the

more falubrious than

low and fenny counties of England.

Since the greater part of the marlhy grounds have been drained, agues and other difeafes, arifing from putrid or marfh miafmata y have almoft difappeared.

SOIL.
The
foil

con nils of every

variety, in

nature

but

its

general character

is

in-

ferior in point of fertility to that of

England.

Perhaps the latenefs of the

have given
rife

feafon,

owing to a more northern

latitude,

may

to this idea

for there are

feafons, are as

many

valleys

and

ftraths, as

they are called, which, in early

fields

produ&ive

as the

moft favoured

of Effex.

With regard

to the
lities,

foil

of the hilly country, an author, eminent for his agricultural abihills

makes a comparifon with the muirlands of Yorkfhire, and the

of

the Highlands, which

in the
fhire,

we

fhall give in his

own words.

" The

foil

of the

hills,

Highlands of Scotland, compared with that of the muirlands of Yorkhas a decided preference. Unlefs

upon the fummitsof the higher mounwhere

this is

tains,

and where the rock breaks out

at the furface, or
hills

encum-

bered with loofe ftones or fragments of rock, the

of the Highlands enjoy

;

fome portion of
the Yorkfhire

foil

or earthy ftratum, beneath a thin coat of muir

the muiry earth, generally of greater thicknefs,

while on
lies

hills,

on a

dead fand or an

unfertile rubble,
I

without any intervening

foil.

From

the fort

of general knowledge which

muft necefTarily have of both

diftricls, I

am of

opinion that the Highland

hills

[apart from the fummits of the higher

moun-

tains] are three or four times the value of the eaftern muirlands of Yorkfhire ?

more

efpecially of the central or fouthern fwells

the narrow
is

tracl:

that hangs
;

to the N., between Gainfborough and

Jimilar in foil to the lower hills of the

Whitby,

of a better quality

very

Highlands."*

Of late,

a great

number

of nobility and gentry have formed themfelves into a fociety,

named the

* Marshall's Survey of the Central Highlands of Scotland.

INTRODUCTION.
Highland
'Society

Is

of Scotland,

who

offer

premiums

for the

improvement of

wafte lands, the melioration of the breeds of black cattle and fheep, and
other agricultural fubjects, which will no doubt be attended with the beft
effect.

WATER.
After the defcription already given of the lakes and rivers, which diverfify
the furface of Scotland,

we haVe no need

to be particular on this article.

diftrict,

In

almoft every part of the country, particularly the hilly

water

is

not

only plenteous, but of the

fineft quality,

defcending from fprings, in the face

of the mountains or rocks, in ftreams pure as cryftal; and there are few places

where excellent water

the furface.

is

not to be found by digging, at a fmal! depth from

VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS.
Under
this head, perhaps, a fuccinct

account might be given of the

ftate

of

agriculture
limits,

and farming

but fuch a difquilition would too far extend

:

our*

and lead us from the general plan of the work

fuffice it

to fay, that

the laudable example of the greater proprietors has contributed

much

to the

improvement of the country.

Still,

from the well known principle of human

nature, the reluctance to change old cuftoms, and to relinquifh habits fanc-

tioned and eftablilhed by time, an almoft infuperable obftacle

general improvement.

is

prefented to

This averfion to new plans,

is

or,

as they are termed,

it is

innovations of eftablifned cuftoms,

now wearing

off;

and,

hoped, from

the improvements already introduced, and the exertions of the Board of Agriculture lately eftablilhed, that a fpirit of improvement will be diffufed, which
will

furmount any obftinacy that remains, and make the practical farmers
their eyes to their true interefts.

open

Let them be taught, that the number

is

of citizens, and not the extent of territory,

the true criterion of national

re-

wealth
fources

and that the increafe of population can be fupported only by

drawn from

their

own

territory, raifed

and augmented by the im-

provement of agriculture. In fpeaking of this

fubject,

we

could almoft adopt

the words of a late author, in a furvey of a county given in to the Board of

Agriculture.

" Had

I," fays this almoft enthufiaftic writer,

" the powers of

perfuafion, equal to the conviction I have of the importance of this

maxim,

would proclaim

it

to

my

country, from the point of Shetland to

th'e

Land's

y-

introduction:
of England, until
it

End

were heard, and underftood, and

felt

by every mart

that eateth bread, that he

who makes two

ears of corn

grow where

only'

one grew before, does more good to mankind than the whole race of
cians together."*

politioats,-

The

foil

of Scotland produces wheat, rye, barley,

turnips, carrots
;

peafe and beans,

all

flax,

hemp, hay, potatoes,

and, in general,

the forts of crops which are raifed in the fouthern part of the ifland.
is

Hor-

ticulture
'

making rapid

increafe in every part

is

;'

but

it

muft be confeffed that

fettled

this fpecies

of improvement

more

attainable,

under a more

and more
in

ferene fky than Scotland poffeffes.

Apples and other

diftriel,

fruits are

produced

great abundance, particularly in the fouthern

and are generally efteemfame kind,

in rich-

ed to equal, or perhaps excel, the Englifh

nefs of flavour.

fruits of the

We

have already noticed the extenfive tracls covered with

natural wood, the remains of the great Caledonian foreft.

tenfive tracts of wafte land have been planted
;

Of late, many

exthis

and the fuccefs attending

fpecies of

improvement

evinces, that the foil

diftrict

and climate are well adapted for

rearing foreft trees.

In every

the candid obferver will find proofs of

the illiberality of Dr. Johnfon's account of Scots trees, which has certainly

Been founded in ignorance, dictated with prejudice, and written without confederation.

The

Scots
;

fir

(pinus rubra)

is

the moft

common

pine in the
is

Sccttifh plantations

the larch (larix) has been lately introduced, and

its

valuable acquifition, not only from the value of the wood, but alfo for

more

rapid growth.

Afh, elm, plane, beech, oak, laburnum, and a great variety

effect,

of other kinds, are intermixed in the plantations, and have a fine

verfifying the fhades, and relieving the eye

by

dial-

from the dull famenefs which

ways

difgufts.

The

juniper fhrub grpws naturally on the hills;

(the vaccinia nigra of Virgil)

and the

ivhortle Or blae berries

grow en

the higheft
is

mountains

in the greateft

abundance.

Analogous to vegetable productions

in great luxuriance

the alga marina or

coafts,

fea

weed, which grows

on the rocky

and

conftitutes a valuable article of

commerce, from the burning of

kelp.

MINERALS.
Scotland cannot at prefent boaft of mines of the more precious metals; but
confiderable quantities of gold and filver have been found at different times.

When

James V. married the Erench king's daughter, a number of covered.

* Dr. Robertfon's Survey of Perthfhire.

INTRODUCTION.
fiifnes,

4
way

containing coins of Scottifh gold, were prefented to the guefts by

;

of defert

and

it

appears by the public records, that in one year there was

coined in the mint of Scotland 48,0001. fterling of Scottifh gold.

are

No

mines
in

now wrought

folely for filver

laft

but the lead mines are exceedingly rich

filver

that metal.
i>ills,

In the

century, a rich

mine was wrought

in the Ocbil

jn the pariih of Alva.

Ironftone, iron ore,

in

and feptaria ironftone, arc

places.

abundant.

Copper has been difcovered

in

many

Of late,

a very rich

mine of antimony has been opened

0 be richer than any at prefent

Wefterkirk, in Dumfries-mire, fuppofed

in the world.

known

The

other metallic fub-

ftances, hitherto difcovered, are cobalt, bifmuth,

manganeze3 wolfram, plumIt is

bago, and mercury

bable, that

the latter in very fmall quantities.

ftill

more than pro-

much

metallic wealth
:

remains hid, as very few of the metals

liate

are found in a pure ftate

they are in general in\the

of an o'xyd, like

earth in appearance, without any metallic luftre, and hence they do not rea-

dily attract notice

and

it is

certain, that the difcovery of

mines has been in

moft inftances merely accidental.

dle diftricts
;

Coal

is

abundant

in the fouthern

and mid-

but

little

or none has been yet difcovered

N. of the

Tay. Limein the

itone, freeftone or fandftone,

greateft abundance.
bles,

and

flate,

are found in every

diftricT:

Of

late, too,

fome attention has been paid to the mar-

which prove no way

inferior in colour or polifh to thofe of Italy.

Moft

of the gems and precious ftones have been found in Scotland, the diamond
excepted.
Pearls are found in the great horfe mufcle (the mytilus cygnius and

anatimu), a native of the northern rivers; they are alfo found in the
oyfters and

common
is

common

mufcles, though of fmall

fize.

The

fapphire

found

in feveral places, of different fhades,

from a deep red to a tranfparent white,

and of equal hardnefs with the

oriental.

The topaz

is

found

in

many

of the
:

Highland mountains, particularly the Cairngorm, and

in Goatfield in

Arran

they are generally named Cairngorm Jlones, from the former mountain, and
are of various hues, and generally in hexahedral cryftals.

The ruby and

fea

hyacinth are found near Ely,

fhore,

in Fifefhire,
:

mixed with the fand on the

and adhering to the rocks

fixe.

they are in general of inferior luftre, and

in feveral places
;

of fmall

Emeralds are found

and

artiethyfts are pretty

frequently
deenfhire
:

met

with, particularly in the mountain of Locbnagaraidb in Aberthefe are an inch in diameter, of

fome of

good colour, and valued

places of the Highlands,

at 30 or 40 guineas each. Garnets are found in

many

of good

fizes,

and

in confiderable quantities.

Agates, carnelians or Scots

pebbles, are abundant, and well

known they
:

are

no where equalled

in

beauty

or

variety.

Jafpers of various kinds are

met with

in almoft every diftricl

b 3

xii

INTRODUCTION.
value.

fome of them of great beauty and

in hardnefs

Chalcedony

is

found

in Fife,

equal

and water to the

oriental.
:

Moft of the northern and fouthern

that of Betinevis
is is

mountains are compofed of granite

beautiful with the Egyptian.
nite called Mofes' Tables,
racters,

faid to be equally

At Portfoy

found that lingular kind of gra-

which, when polifhed, refembles the Hebrew chaBefide^ thefe, there are innumerable rare and

on a white ground.
foffils;

curious

to enumerate which,

would alone make a long

article.* Before
fire

we

leave this article,

1
-

we nay mention

the frequent marks of volcanic

whi^

many of the mountains

exhibit, particularly the bafaltic

in Argyllfhire,

columns of

Staffa, the

mountains near Beregonium

&c.

MINERAL WATERS.
In a country fo abounding with metallic ores,
neceffarily

many

of the fprings mufl

have a mineral impregnation.

;

The

chalybeate fprings are almoft

innumerable

particularly at Moffat, Peterhead, Dunfe, Aberbrothock, &c.

Sulphureous fprings are alfo found at Moffat,

and at

St.

Bernard's Well near

fait diflolved
;

Edinburgh.
at Pitcaithly.

Many

of the fprings affo hold fbme neutral

fpring proceeds from a

e.

g
ac-

Wherever the

bed of limeftone,

it

quires a petrifying property, of which there are

numerous examples,
in

at the

Dropping-Cave of
and Ayrfhires,
Sec.

Slains in Aberdeen/hire,

and

many

places in Lanark

ANIMALS,
The

&c.

wild animals of Scotland are the fox, the badger, the otter, the Hag,
;

the wild roe, the hare, and the rabbit

the wild-cat, the hedge-hog, the

weafel, the mole, and other frnall quadrupeds.

But there

is

proof that fome

extinguished
;

others have been inhabitants of the country, which are

viz. the bifon or

now

wild ex, the wolf, and the beaver.

The

domeftic animals
cattle

are the

fame

as thofe of

England

but the native breed of black

and
af-

iheep

is

confiderably different, being

much

fmaller in fize,

and reputed to

ford more delicious food.

As one

of the domeftic animals peculiar to Scot-

* For further particulars concerning the mineralogy of Scotland, we refer the reader to the Gazetteer, where particular notice is taken of every article under the name of the place where it is found ; and, for more full information, to Jamiefon's Mineralogy of the Scottifh ifles ; Williams's Mineralogy, of Scotland; and Travels in Scotland, &c, by Mons. Faujas de St. Fonda

INTRODUCTION.
land,

xiii

we may mention

the colley, or true Shepherd's dog, of which there are

many
in the

of an unmixed breed.

Of the
;

feathered tribe, pheafants are to be found

woods, though fcarce

alfo that beautiful bird called the capercailzie,

is

or cock of the wood, which

th. black

now become

exceeding rare; the ptarmigan,

game, and groufe, are abundant

i'.re

in the

heathy mountains; and in

Scotland has alfo moft

the ,low grounds

partridges, fnipes, plovers,

&c.

of the Englifh hnging birds, except the nightingale.

The
in the

aquatic fowls, as

being more
tr
:

common
Orkney.

in the iflands, are

enumerated

Gazetteer under

article
fifti

The

domeftic fowls are the fame as thofe of England.

in

he

?re the

fame which are ufually found

the North Sea

fuch as her-

rings, mackarel,

haddocks, fturgeon, cod, whitings, turbot, fkate, &c.

eels,

The

rive",

teem with abundance of trout, falmon,

perch'.

&c.

and the lakes abound

;

with pike ana

The
all

coafts are abundantly flocked with fhell-fifh

lobfters. oyfters,

&c.

of which form a confiderable fource of wealth, from

exportation or
coafts of

home consumption.

Whales

are fometimes
;

thrown upon the

fiih

Orkney, Shetland, and the Hebrides

oil,

and, befides other

which

are caught for their

we may mention

the cearban or fun-fifh, the fifhery

pi which

Is

profecuted with confiderable fuccefs on the weStern coafts.

INHABITANTS, MANNERS, and CUSTOMS.

The
two
line of divifion into

Highlands and Lowlands, forms

alfo a diftinc-

tion in the language, drefs, manners,

divifions.

and cuftoms of the inhabitants of the

While the Lowlanders partly refemble the Englifh and the

French, the Highlanders have a country of their own, totally different from
the other in manners, cuftoms, and language
is
;

a particular account of

which

given under the article

Highlands

of the Gazetteer.

The

chief peculiarcurlings

ities

which the Lowlanders

retain, are the

amufements of golf and

which are the Standing Summer and winter

diverfions of the Scots.

in

Tlie

former game, which has been known and pradifed

of four hundred years,
is

Scotland for upwards

now

fo univerfal'y introduced into almoft every part

it is

of the world, that any defcription of

confiderable Strength, and
is

unneceffary.

The

latter requires

performed with large Scones from twenty to one

a

hundred weight, which the competitors hurl from

at a certain diftance,
is alfo

common
is

Stand to a

mark

and whoever

is

neareft the
;

mark

the viclor.
reels,

Dancing
adapted

a favourite amufement of this country

and particularly

to the Strathfpeys, and other pieces of national mafic.

%ly

INTRODUCTION*
RELIGION.

It
jthe

is

generally believed,

upon the authority of the ancient

Scottifh hiftorians,
firft

venerable Bede, and other writers, that Chriftianity was

St.

taught in
avoid

Scotland by one of the difciples of

the perfecution of the
ferred
till

John the Apoftle, who

;

fled to

Emperor Domitian

but

it

was never publicly pre-

the third century,

when one of

the Scottifh monarchs, and his

family, were folemnly baptized.

Chriftianity

was

further confirmed

by the

emigrations from South Britain, during the perfecutions of Aurelius and Dioclefian
;

and by the fettlement of

fpread over
all

St.

Columba

in I-colm-kill,

from which

ifland

it

Scotland, and became the eftablifhed religion, under

difciples of

the

management of the

Columba, who were

called Culdees,

and

were a regular clergy,

differing

from the church of

other refpects.

Rome

in the tonfure, the

obfervance of Eafter, and

many

Thus we;

Chriftianity eftab-

lifhed as a national Scottifh church, independent of the chuich of

Rome, and

fiouxifhed in
firft

its

native ftmplicity

till

the

fifth

century,

when

Palladius, the

bifhop fent over by the Pope, found mean6 to introduce the teneti and
;

ceremonies of the Romifh church

,

which, in the end, involved Scotland in

the fame darknefs that overfpread Europe for

many

ages.

The

CuldeeS;,

however, notwithftanding the oppreffion of the Romifh clergy, long retained

their original manners,

and remained a

diftincl;
;

order fo late as the fourteenth

century,

when they
in

entirely difappe'ared

and the Romifh religion reigned

paramount

Scotland until the period of the Reformation.

The dependcompared
'with

ence, however, of the people

upon the Pope was very

[lender,
;

the blind fubjection and implicit belief of other nations

and no fooner were

the doctrines of Calvin and Luther promulgated, than they were adopted by

the greater part of the Scottifh nation

and the reformation

in that

kingdom

was completed by the preaching of John Knox,

of Calvin.

who had adopted

is

the tenets

The

eftablifhed religion of Scotland

the Prefbyterian, as fettled

It

at the Revolution,

and confirmed by the Union.

would much exceed our

limits to enter at large into the doctrinal

and economical part of the Scottifh

church

fuffice it to fay, that it agrees

with other reformed churches abroad

in its oppofition to
iftical

Popery

that

it is

modelled principally after the Calvin-

plan eftablifhed at Geneva, and on a general principle of an equality of

ecclefiaftical authority

among

its

prefbyters.
;

On

this laft principle, the re-

venues of the clergy are nearly equal

aool. fterling,

none of the ftipends being more than

and none

lefs

than 50I. fterling per annum.

The

ecclefiaftical

courts are fpur in number, viz. the General JJembly, Provincial Synods

introduction:
Pre/by terles,
Gleiiaftical

XT
is

and Kirk

Sejfions.

ift,

The

General AJfembly

the higheft ec^

Ecclejiaf-

court in Scotland, and

It confifts

may

with propriety be termed the

thai Parliament.

of commiffioners, fome of which are laymen,

under the name of ruling

verfities.

elders,

from prefbyteries, royal boroughs, and unihis

The King prelides by

Commiffioner [who

is

generally a no-

bleman of high rank],

is

in the afiembly,

which meets once a year.

prefides

A moderator
and
its

chofen from their

own number, who

lie

and regulates the proceed-

ings.

To

this

court appeals

from the other

ecclefiaftical courts,
:

decifion

is final,

and, Provincial Synods are nest in authority.

they are com=

pofed of a number of the adjacent prefbyteries, over which they have a power*
3d, Prejbyteries are compofed of a

number of contiguous

parifhes

they

in-

fpect into the behaviour of the minifters

and elders of their refpective bounds,

4th,

ordain paftors, examine and licenfe fchoolmafters, Sec.

The

Kirk Sejion^
lowefi:

compofed of the
ecclefiaftical
vifit

minifter, elders,
:

and deacons of every parifh, form the

court of Scotland
affift

they have the fuperintendence of the poor*

Several of the
=

the lick, and

the clergyman in his clerical function.

is,

parifh churches of Scotland are collegiate, that

have more than one clergy

man but
;

the

number of thefe
following
is

is

only 31 in 877, the total number of parochial

diftridts.

The

a view of the ecclefiaftical eftablifhment of Scot-

land, as divided into fynods

and prefbyteries, with the number of minifters

irt

each fynod,
Minifters.

Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale,

Merfe and Teviotda'le,
Dumfries,
.

116

6G
54 31

Galloway,

Glafgow and Ayr,

Perth and
.

130

Stirling,

Fife,

7*
.
.

Angus and Mearns,

Aberdeen,

81

.....

101

Moray,
Rofs,

.......

5*
23
23

Sutherland and Caithnefs,

Argyll,
,

41
29

Glenelg,

15

Orkney,
Total,
.

3
78
'936

*vi

INTRODUCTION.
number of feceding congre=
and are very nu;

Befides the eftablifned churches, there are a vaft gations

feme of which have had

but
it is

their rife in this country,

merous

foreign to our

work

to give an account of them,*

EDUCATION.
The attention
of the Scottiffi legifiature was, at a very early period of hif~

tory, called to the

means of extending the views, and increafmg the knowledge

of the inhabitants; but the intentions of the governrnent'were greatly retarded

by

the influence of

Romiih

clergy.

When the

Reformation emancipated them

from

Papal fubjeclion, the inhabitants

were foon diitinguifhed by their en-

lightened fentiments and growing knowledge.

The

civil revolution,

which

took place fhortly

after,

contributed to the fame happy end.

;

By

thefe events
eftablifhed

the means of inftruction were laid open

for the

many

inftitutions

were

improvement of the poor

and many benefactions were beftowed to

fcholars.

reward the teachers, and to fupport the

In the Highland divifion

of the kingdom, however, the peafantry were fcantily fupplied with opportunities of inftruction,
fathers.
diftrict
;

and flowly emerged from the ignorance of their fore-

Partial fteps had, indeed, been taken to enlighten this neglected

but from

its

diftance, its retired fituation,

and other unfavourable

circumftances,
this

little

progrefs had been made.

In order

more

fully to

remedy

want, an act of parliament was paffed

it

in the

fecond

feffion

of William

and Mary, by which

in every

was enacted, " that there be a fchool and fchoolmafter

not under an hundred marks, nor aboVe two hundeffects,

paroch

his fee

red," Sec.
civilifation

This fcheme was attended with the moft beneficial

and

and knowledge extended with rapidity.

The

falaries,

however,

which

at that period

were adequate to the fituation of the teachers, are now,

from the

inferior value of
,

money, by

far

too fmall and inadequate to the

.

rank that fchoolmafters ought to hold; but

it is

to be

hoped that the

fitua-

tion of this deferving clafs of the. community will fhortly

become the

object

of parliamentary inquiry.

The improvement

of knowledge in the Highlands

has alfo been greatly promoted by the eftablifhment of fociety fchools in that

Glasgow Gla
c hin,

the bishopries of Edinburgh, Dunkeld, Dumblane, BreAberdeen, Moray, Ross, Caithness, Orkney, Galloway, ArG;yll or Lismore, and the bilhopric of the Isles.
;

INTRODUCTION".
diftrict,

jcvii

by the Society

for propagating the Chriftian religion. eftablifhed

In molt of the

larje towns there are academies

on

liberal plans, for pupils

of a

more advanced
are taught.

age,

where the

different branches of

mathematics and phytic

Scotland has

five Univerfities, viz. St.

Andrews, King's Col-

lege

in

Old Aberdeen, Marischal College

ancK

in

New

Aberdeen, Edin-

burgh,
teer,

Glasgow
article.

of which an account will be found in the Gazetthe fees in the parochial fchools, academies,
it is

under each

As

and

univerfities,

are comparatively cheaper than thofe of England,

to this

caufe that
ticle.

we may, no

doubt, attribute the ample materials for the next ar-

LITERATURE.
For
this article,

we may

refer to the literary hiftory of

Europe

for

upwards

of 1400 years back.

During the third and fourth

centuries,

when Europe

was almoft overrun by the ignorance and

barbarity of the Goths and Vandals,

learning found a retreat in the remote Weftern Ifles of Scotland, in the far-

famed

ifland of I-colm-kill.
in literature,

From

that feminary a

number of men
article.

arofe,

eminent

whofe very names would make a long

The

writings of

Adamannus, and other authors, who were

eleves of the feminary

of I-colm-kill, and lived before, or at the time of the

Roman

invafion,

are

fpecimens of their great erudition.

The Emperor Charlemagne

unquestion-

ably held a correfpondence with the Scottifh kings, with

whom he alfo formed

a famous alliance. That monarch alfo employed Scotfmen in planning, fettling,

and

eftablifhing his favourite univerfities,

Italy,

and other feminaries of learning in

Germany,

and France.

It

can hardly be questioned, that the univerfity

of Paris, one of the

mod
in

ancient and celebrated in Europe,

was founded by

Scotfmen

and that

confequence thereof, the Scots enjoyed privileges

greater than the natives of any other ftate, even than thofe of Picardy

and

Normandy, though

feudal fubje&s to the

crown of France.
fact, that

It is

an un-

doubted truth, though apparently a paradoxical

poet, philofopher, and hiftorian,

Barbour, a Scottifh

who

flourifhed in 1388, prior to the time of

Chaucer, wrote, according to modern ideas, as pure Englifh as that Englifh

bard

and

his verfification

is

perhaps more harmonious.

The

deftruclion of

the early Scottifh annals has caufed a confiderable deficiency in the .literary
hiftory
;

and there

is

every reafon to fuppofe, that

many monuments of

Scottifh learning have been loft during the civil wars, and the frequent invasions

which harafied the kingdom.

The

ftyle

of the hiftorical and philo-

xvili

INTRODUCTION".
works of Boethius
all is

fophical

purely

claffical,

and thedatinity of Buchaniiari fe

letters of the Scottifh
fineft

the moft claffical of

modern productions. The

kings

to the neighbouring princes are incomparably the

compofitions of the

times in which they were produced, and are free from the barbarifms of thofe

they received
ing

in

anfwer

this alone is

an undoubted proof, that

claffic learn-

was more

cultivated in the court of Scotland, than in any other court of

this period there yflourifhed

Europe.
ature
;

About

many
is

characters high in liter-

but to pafs over Duns Scotus, whofe birth

claimed by a neighbour-

ing kingdom, and the admirable Crichton r whofe acquirements were rathe?

miraculous than natural,

we need

only mention Johannes Erigena, whofe

It

works evince the

greateft

acumen of judgment.
its

would wafte time

;

to fol-

low the advancement of learning to

article

prefent day

and

it

would

fwell the

too

much

to give a bare enumeration of eminent Scotfmen in the dif;

ferent departments of literature and fcience

we may

only mention Napier,

vie in point of inge;

the inventor of the logarithms, a difcovery which

may

nuity with any of modern times

in

aftronomy, Gregory

in

mathematics,
others,

Maclaurin;

and

in claffical learning,

Ruddiman, and innumerable

ftand almoft unrivalled.

But,

let

us leave thefe times to

come

to the prefent

day.

Of late,
;

the Scots have diftinguifhed themfelves in every department of

literature

and within the (host period of 40 years, Hume, Robertfon, Henry,

Gillies, Stuart

Fergufons (hjftorian and aitronomer),

ville,

(Dr. Gilbert), Sommer-

Watfon, Thomfon (the continuator), Smith (Dr. Adam), Ofwald, Sin(Sir John),

clair

Anderfon,

Orme, Dalrymples

(Sirs

David and John),

Tytlers (father and fon), Millar, Stewarts (father and fon), Burnet (Lord

Monboddo),

Smellie, Reid, Beatties (father

and fon), Monros (father and

fon), Gregories (father and fon),

Homes

(viz.

Lord Kaimes, the phylician and

the poet), Cullen, Black, Duncan, Hunters (Dr. William and John), Bells

(Benjamin, John, and Charles), Jamiefons (divine and mineralogift), Campbells (divine

and poet), Blair (Dr. Hugh}, Gerard, Hamilton, Burns, MacBrydone, Moore, Adam, Mickle, Simpfon, Robifon,

kenzie, Macpherfon,
Playfair,

Gleig, and

many

other eminent writers, by far too numerous to

mention, have appeared.

acquiring
late, the

Previous to 1763, literary property, or authors

money by

their writings,

was hardly known

in Scotland

but, of

value^r literary property has been carried higher by the Scots than
other people. David
;

ever
laft

known among any

Hume

received 5000I. for the

fix

volumes of
V.
:

his Hiftory of Britain

and Dr. Robertfon received 4500I. for

his Charles

Dr. Blair received the higheft price for his fermons ever known
;

to be paid for that kind of writing

the merit of which procured

him a pen-

INTRODUCTION.
(ion

xi:c

from
is

his

Majefty of 200I. per annum.

;

Even among the lower ranks

liter-

ature

not a ftranger

the cheapnefs of the fees in the parochial fchools, and

the facility with which education can be had in Scotland, give the peafantry

a manifeft advantage over the peafantry of England.

COMMERCE,

FISHERIES, and

MANUFACTURES.

In thefe refpects Scotland has, for

fcate.

many

years paft, been in an improving

Without entering

into the difputed point

it

how

far Scotland has bene-

fited

by the union with England,

is

certain that fince that period its

com-

merce has greatly increafed.

Previous to the reign of James VI., the Scots

were

clofely linked to the

French by alliances and numerous

in

treaties,

and

they carried on a confiderable trade

importing wines, &c. from France,

alio a

and

in

exporting their

own

produce.

They had

commercial treaty with

the Netherlands, and had a ftaple port for the reception of their merchandife
firft

at Dort,

and afterwards

at

Campvere.
it is

The

Scots were by no means de-

ficient in

commercial enterprifes; and

certain that the expedition to take

poffeffion of Darien, for the profecution

of the Eaft and Weft India trade, was

it

founded upon true principles of commerce, and had

have greatly benefited the country.

been fuccefsful, would

The

mifcarriage of this fcheme, owing to

it

the illiberal conduct of another commercial company, after

higheft fanclion

had received the

it

and authority,

is

a dilgrace to the reign in which

happened,

more

efpecially as the Scots at that time

had a

free,

independent, and uncon-

nected parliament.

To

the difguft the Scots conceived on account of the

conduct of the Englifh

in the

Darien fcheme, to fome invafions of their rights

afterwards, and to the entails and fettlements of the great family eftates, with

the remains of the feudal inftitutions,

that

we

have to look for the long langour

hung over the commercial

enterprifes of the Scots.

their

The Union,
;

in a

great meafure, deprived

them of

French and Dutch trade

and their

jealoufy of the Englifh, whofe perfidy they had experienced at Darien, pre-

vented thenrfrom attempting to extend their commerce.

It

was not

till

after
it

the rebellion of 1745, that the true yalue of Scotland was difcovered
is

and

certainly to the talents of

Mr. Pelham, who was

firft

minifter at that period,

its

that Scotland enjoys

fcale of

its relief

from feudal tyranny, and

prefent rank in the

commercial importance.

The

bounties granted to the Scots during

his adminiftration, for the extenfion

and encouragement of their trade and

and removed the ide-

manufactures,

made them

fenfible of their confequence,

c %

xx

INTRODUCTION.
The
great Mr. Pitt, Earl of Chatham,
plan, and took every opportunity
his predeceffor

of their being a defpifed people.

adopted

Mr. Pelham^s wife

of ftimulating the Scots to

make

ufe of the natural advantages

which
It

their-

country afforded for the extenfion of their commercial tranfaclions.

alfo be added, to the

may

honour of the

Britifir

government, that the Scots have

been allowed to
facture,

avail themfelves of all the benefits of

commerce or manu-

which they can claim

either in right of their former independence,

is

the treaty of Union, or pofterior acts of parliament. This

exteufive trade carried

evident from the

on with the Weft

;

Indies, and, before the

American

war, with the Britifn colonies

and, fince the reparation of thefe from their

profitable trade with the United

mother country, the Scots have carried on a

States.

The

fifheries

of Scotland are not confined to their

own

coafts

they

have a great concern

in the

whale

fifhing, in

Greenland and

in Davis's Straits;

and their returns are

valuable*, as

Government allows them

Their white

40s. fterling per

ton of the vefiels employed in that branch.

a i'ource of inexhauitible wealth
reigners than thofe of
;

fifheries

point out
fo-

their cured fifh being

more efteemed by

Newfoundland.

The falmon The

fifheries are
is

productive

of ccruiderable wealth to the country.

herring fifhery

alfo

profecuted

with confiderable fuccefs

the buffes employed.

and Government give high bounties on the ton of

benefits of thefe fifheries are, perhaps, equalled
at land,

The

by the manufactures carried on

incrcafing,

which are very

till

extenfive,

and daily
;

The

linen manufacture was,

lately, in a thriving ftate

but the

rivaLhip from Ireland, and the high price of the ably injured that branch: there
is

raw

material, has confider-

every reafon, however, to fuppofe, that in a

its

fhort time that trade will return to

former channel.
in

The

thread manu-

facture of Scotland

is

equal,

if

not fuperior, to any

;

the world.

The woollen

manufactures are very promifing

and the exports of caps, ltockings, &c.

made

01 their

wn

wool,

is

very confiderable.

Of late, broadcloths

have been

attempted.; but
fa<f
...

tire

Scots cannot yet pretend to rival the Yorkfhire manu-

The kind
tile

of cloth lately begun to be manufactured in Roxburghis

ire

Galdjhiels gray*

in high repute, as are the duffles;

and the

Scots

arpets

make

cheap, neat, and rafting furniture.

The

minerals are

turn d to ,?oud
at

account, both in commerce and manufacture.

eq-.ral

The The
is

iron

C rron, and other places, pre

to any in Britain.

lead

mini
,

o.

anarkfliire bring confideraole returns: their coal trade

extenit

?i:^ the- have 'ately

iii.

turned

their granite to account,

a)
r

by exporting

ftree

of London,

other Englifh

cities.

The

cotton trade

:or the prefenl, <rlpecially in the weft country, ufurped the place of the

INTRODUCTION.
linen,

xxi

and engages many thoufands of hands.

In general, there are

few or no

branches of trade or manufacture carried on in South Britain, pf which the

Scots do not partake
;

?..d

fame branches are carried on to equal perfection

and porcelain,
glafs, fugar,
diftilleries,

as in England, particularly thofe of itoneware

paper, &c.

Before the late oppreffive acts in favour of the great

the diftillation of malt liquor was a considerable branch of trade, and afforded

a great revenue to Government.

The

following

is

a comparative ftatement,
fpirits diftilled,

from the

Statiftical

Account of Scotland, of the quantity of

and which paid duty, befides the quantity prepared oy

illicitly

illicit diftillation,

and

imported from Holland

f
" In
-<

1708,
I7
'

")

C
diftilled

50,844!")

>the quantity ^ ; ^ 1 1784.1

was-<
}
C_

(_i79i,_)

^' 46 208,503 1,696,00c

J

^gallons b
i

The

following extracts from Mr. Creech's

ftate

ftatiftical

account of Edinburgh

Ihews a comparative
duties

of the revenues arifing from the Excife and Stamp

" In

<

'

-^'

(.1790,)

the grofs revenue of the Excife to

was about

<

,oool. ^ ,c ,ocoh (500,0

At

the time of the Union, there were no ftamp duties in Scotland.

the revenue on (lamps

parative ftatement
carriages,
is

was above

%o,ooo\. per

annum ."

alfo curious:

" In 1763,

In 1790, The following comIn 1790, there were

there were 396 four-wheeled

and 462 two-wheeled, entered to pay duty.

1427 four-wheeled entered to pay duty, and 643 two-wheeled carriages.''

But, after
trade and
poffedes.
all

that has been faid,

many

years will yet be required to bring the

ft ability

commerce

of Scotland to that

which the trade of England

One

great difadvantage to Scotland, and one of the chief evils atis

tending the union with England,

the great

number of the

nobility

and

landed

intereft

who go

to London, where they fpend the rents arifing from

;

their property in Scotland

which, by drawing the money from the country,

confiderably diminifhes the real capital of the kingdom.

The improvement

of the trade, manufactures, and

fifheries,

have been greatly promoted by an

act of parliament paffed in 1727, to enable his Majefty to appoint truftees for overfeeing the fifheries
their

and manufactures of Scotland, and applying for

articles

encouragement the fums deftined for their improvement by the

of Union, and other fubfequent ftatutes.

in

The

truftees,

who

are twenty -one

in

number, difpofe annually of 4000I.

fterling

and upwards,

fuch manner
give premi-

as appears to

them moil conducive

to the end propeftd.

They

ums

to thofe

who produce the

belt pieces of

goods of Scots manufacture, and

2.

,Uvfj

<

xxii

INTRODUCTION.
who
raife the greateft quantities

on thofe

of Scots

flax, lintfeed,

&c.

They
judges

have appointed ftampmafters

in every confiderable

town and

village as

of the fabric of the linen manufacture, and to

the cloth
is

affix their

ftamps, without which

not deemed

fufficient.

MONEY.
The
many
were
currency of
fterling

money

in

Scotland and England

is

the fame.
coins,

But

of the Scots

ftill

retain the value

and denomination of the

which

in circulation in

Scotland at the time of the union of the two crowns.

;

The penny
ling Scots

Scots

is

only one-i2th the value of an Englifh penny

the mil-

is

the 12th part of a fhilling fterling, or one penny fterling; the

the fame proportion, or
fo
is

pound Scots bears

pence
fterling
;

equal to one fhilling and eight:

and

on of

their merks,

&c.

but thefe are not coins, but

only denominations of fums.

RENTS, VALUED and REAL.

In the Statiftical Account of Scotland by Sir John Sinclair, vol. xxi. p. 472,

we

have a table of the valued rent in Scots money, and of the real rent in

fterling

money, by counties, drawn up on

fo apparently accurate a calculait

tion, that

we have thought proper

to infert
is

in the

Appendix, Table E. By

that table, the valued rent of Scotland

3i6,88il. 4s. 2d. one-i2th
r, in
fterl.;

3,802,5741. 10s. 5d. Scots, equal to

and the

real rent, including houfes, 2,937,5001,

round numbers, three millions

fterling.

POPULATION.
The
population of Scotland has been pretty accurately afcertained, at
:

dif-

ferent periods

firft,

about 1755, by Dr. Webfter, when engaged

in eftablifh-

ing the fund for the

widows of the
from the

clergy

fecondly, in 1790-8, by Sir

:

John
and,

Sinclair, in the returns

different

clergymen of their parifhes

thirdly,

by the returns
a<ft

made

in

1801 by the

different fchoolmafters, in

con-

formity to an

of parliament paffed that year.

An

abftract of the latter

we

have the happinefs of being able to lay before our readers, in the Ap-

pendix, Table A,

INTRODUCTION.
CONSTITUTION.
The

*xi*

ancient conftitutiori and government of Scotland has been highly apcivil liberty
;

plauded, as excellently adapted for the prefervation of

certain that the
tion provided

and

it is

power of

the king

was

greatly limited,

and that the conftitu-

many checks

to prevent his affuming or exercifing a defpotic

authority.

But

the Scottifh conftitution

liberties

was too much of the

ariftocratic

kind to fecure the

of the

common
power

people; for, though the monarch's

power was
prietors

fufficiently reftrained, the nobles, chieftains,

it

and great land pro-

had

too

much

in their

to tyrannize over and opprefs their

It

tenants, and the lower ranks of the people.

'

would

far
;

exceed our limits

to enter minutely into an account of the laws of Scotland

we

fhall therefore

only take notice of thofe peculiarities in which they

fifter

differ

from thofc of the

kingdom, with a fhort account of the ancient conftitution. The ancient

:

kings of Scotland, at their coronation, took the following oath

" In the

name of
jedts:

Chrift, I

promife thefe three things to the Chriftian people,

I fhall

my

fub-

firft,

that

give order,

and employ

my

force and afliftance, that

the church of

God

and the Chriftian people

:

may

enjoy true peace during

prohibit and hinder all
:

our time, under our government

fecondly,

I fhall

perfons, of whatever degree, from violence

and

injuftice

thirdly, in

all

judg-

ments,

I fhall

follow the prefcriptions of juftice and mercy, to the end that

our clement and merciful

God may fhew mercy

unto, me, and unto you."

all

The

parliament of Scotland anciently confifted of

who

held any portion

of land, however fmall, of the crown, by military fervice.

This parliament

appointed the time of

its

own

meetings and adjournments, and committees

to fuperintend the adminiftration during the intervals, or while parliament

was not
it

fitting.

Its

powers were not only

in
all

deliberative,

but
;

alio executive
it

had a commanding power

matters of government

appropriated

the public money, appointed the treafurers of the exchequer, and examined
all

the accounts

it

had the nomination of the commanders, and the

ftates

calling

out of the armies; ambaffadors to other

liament
;

were commiffioned by the par-

the judges and courts of judicature were appointed by parliament;,

as well as the officers of ftate

and privy counfellors; parliament could alienate

the regal demefne, and

reftrain grants

from the crown

it

alfo affiimed the

right of granting pardons to criminals.

The

lung had no veto in the pro-

ceedings of parliament

nor could he declare war, make peace, or conclude

any important bufinefs, without the advice and concurrence of that afTembly,

ixiv

INTRODUCTION,
not even entrufted with the executive part of the government
;

He was

and

the parliament, fo late as the reign of James IV., by ar

a&

lull extant,

pointed

out to that monarch

his duty, as the firjl fevuant of his peop'e.

In Short, the

eonftitution of Scotland

was rather

arifiocraticcl

than a limited monarchy.

The

abufe of power by the lords and great landholders gave the monarch a
;

very confiderable intereft amongft the burgeffes and iower ranks

and a king

who had

addrefs to retain the affections of the people,

ariftocratical faction
;

Was generally able to

humble the moft powerful

hand, a prince

but when, on the other

who appeared

to difregard the parliament, and

who

did not
kings

feek after popularity, the event

was commonly
ariftocratical
;

fatal

to the crown.

The

of Scotland, notwithstanding the

power of parliament, found

they were zealoufly
\

means to weaken or elude

its

force

and

in this

affifted

by

the clergy,

whofe revenues were immenfe, and were alway

This was done by
eftablifhing a felect

ealous of the

power of the
bers,

nobility.

oody of

mem-

who were

called

"

the lords of- the articles" chofen

out of the clergy,

nobility, knights,

and burgeffes.
;

The

bifhops chofe eight peers, and the no-

bility elected eight bifhops

thefe fixteen

nominated jointly eight barons, or

all

knights of the {hires, and eight commiffioners of royal burghs, and to

thefe

were added eight great

the whole.
ters to
feffed

officers of ftate, the lord chancellor being prefident

all

of

Their bufinefs was to prepare

;

queftions

bills,

and other mat-

be brought before parliament

veto, yet,

fo that in fad,

though the king pof-

no

by the clergy and the

places he

had to beftow, he could

command
duced by

the lords of the articles, and nothing could

his negative.

come before parliament

which could require

ftealth,

This

inftitution

feems to have been intro;

and never was brought to a regular plan

and the

beft in-

formed writers on law are not agreed upon the time when
Scots, however, never loft fight of their original principles;
I.

it

took place.

The

and though Charles

for his

wanted to form the lords of the

it

articles i.:to
;

mere machines

own

de-

fpotic purpofes, he found

impi*acticable

and the melancholy confequences

are well

known. At the

Revolution,, they gave a frelh inftance

civil liberty,

how

well they

underftood the principle of

cation,

by omitting

all

difputes about abdi-

and the

like terms;

and declared, at once, that King James had forfeited

Scotland,

his title to the Britifh

faid to have
bility,

ciown.

when

a fepairate kingdom, cannot be

had any peers,

in the Englifh acceptation

earls, vifcounts,

cf the word.

The

no-

who were

dukes, marquiffes,

and barons, were by the

!

king

made

hereditary

members of parliament; but

aey formed no diftincl

houfe, but fat in the fame

room with

the knights d.nu burgeffes,

in all

who had

the

fame deliberate and decisive vote with them

pubi.^ matters.

baron,

INTRODUCTION.
Wtouh not a baron of parliament, might
life
fit

xxv

on a

lord's jury in matters of

and death

nor was

it

necefiary for the jury to be

in Scottifh hiftory, in

unanimous

in their

verdict.

Great uncertainty occurs

;

confounding parlia-

ments and conventions

the difference was, that a parliament could enact

;

laws, as well as impofe taxes

conventions or aflemblies of the ftates could

Before the Union, there were four

only deliberate on the plans of taxation.

great officers of ftate
feal
;

the lord high chancellor, the high treafurer, the privy

lefTer officers
;

and

fecretary,

and four

the lord clerk regifter, lord advoall

cate, treafurer, depute,

offices, fat in

and juftice clerk:

thefe Officers, in virtue of their

the Scottifh parliament.

Since the Union, the lords privy feal,

regifter, advocate,

and

juftice clerk only are retained.

Thefe

offices
;

bear a

confiderable refemblance to thofe of England of the fame names

cate's office being fimilar to that of the attorney general.

the advo-

The

great officers

of the crown
Ihal
;

were, the lords high chamberlain, conftable, admiral, and mar-

the royal ftandard-bearer, the lord juftice general, and the lord chief
Befides thefe, there were

baron of the exchequer.

of crown and
ticed here.
ftate,

many other

offices,

both

which are now

extinct, or too inconfiderable to

be no-

The

office

of lyoh king at arms, the rex fecialium, or grand

in

herald of Scotland,
.

is ftill

being

it

was formerly an

office

of great fplen-

dour and importance,

as the fcience

of heraldry was preferved in greater

:

purity in Scotland than in any other nation

\vith a
civil

he was crowned in parliament

golden

circle,

and

his authority

might be carried into execution by the

law.

The

privy council of Scotland, previous to the revolution, afiumed

;

inquifitorial

powers, even that of torture

Britain.

but

it is

now

funk

in the parlia-

ment and privy council of Great

The

Scots are reprefented in the

Imperial parliament by fixteen peers, elected by the nobility by writ, at the

calling of every parliament,

who

are to

fit

and vote

in the

Houfe of Lords

(for a

lift

of the peerage of Scotland, vide Appendix, Table C.)

forty-five
fifteen

To

the

Houfe of Commons Scotland fends

fioners or knights of the fhires,

members,

viz. thirty

commif-

and

from the

different diftricts of royal

boroughs

vide

Appendix, Table D,

CIVIL
The
cature
I.

GOVERNMENT.
chiefly cogniiable

civil
;

and criminal caufes are

by two courts of

judi-

but, for particular cafes, there are other courts of juftice.

instituted

The College of JusxrcE, which was

D

by James V.

after the

xx?i

'

nTR

D U Ti
ftvpply an

N.

model of the French parliament, to

liament,

ambulatory committee of par-

who took on themfelves the name

of the Lords of Council and Seffion,

Juftice
ftill

which the prefent members or fenators of the College of

It
is

retain.

the higheft court of Scotland, and eoniifts of a prefident, and fourteen

ordinary lord?, befides extraordinary ones

fit

named by

his Majefty,

who mar

and vote, but are not bound to attendance.

This court

may

be termed a

landing jury,

who

determine

all civil

caufes, according to the ftatutes, the

cu'ftom of the nation, and the civil law.

No

appeal

lies

from

this court, exis

cept to the EritHh Houfe of Lords

fary to

and the prefence of nine judges

necef-

make

their decifions valid.

alfo

The

College of Juftice confifts not only

of the judges, but

feffion,

of the advocates, writers to the fignet, clerks to the

fimilar to the
;

and feme others. The Faculty of Advocates, fomewhat

is

Englifh inns of court-,

the orderly court under a dean of faculty

and

their

forms require great precifion and examination of candidates for admiffion.

The

writers to the fignet, fo

named beeaufe they

alone are

empowered

to

fubferibe the writs that pafs his Majefty's fignet, are alfo a regular body,

and

have a government

a"nd

by-laws for their regulation.

The members
;

of the

College of Juftice are

endowed with

many

valuable privileges

they are not

fubject to the jurifdiction of any inferior court ; they are

exempted from paying

the taxes impofed

upon the

inhabitants of the city of Edinburgh, for minifters

itipends, fupport of the poor,

from paying impoft on

;

liquors,

and from per-

forming any fervices within the city

nay,
all

by

feveral ftatutes, they are ex-

empted from paying

whatever
lution.
II.
;

land-tax,

and from

public taxes and contributions

a privilege which, indeed, they have not exercifed fince the Revo-

The Court

of Justiciary

is

the higheft criminal court of Scotland. It

confifts of a

lord juftice
;

general, a lucrative office, but removable at his

Majefty's pleafure

a lord juftiee clerk,

who

prefides in the abfence of the

former; and
Juftice.

five

other judges, nominated from the fenators of the College of

All crimes are tried before this court,

;

when

the verdict of a jury

condemns or acquits

but there

is

no

necefiity for unanimity.

The

lords

commiffioners of Jufticiary make a circuit twice a year to the different diftricts

of Scotland.

One

lord can hold a Circuit Court

and

it

has been

found, by a decifion in 1763, that the judgments of Circuit Courts are not
liable to
III.

be reviewed by the High Court of Jufticiary.

of

The Court

Exchequer
This court

has the fame powers, privileges, jurifdicas that of

tion

and authority, over the revenue of Scotland

England over the

revenue of England.

confifts of a lord chief baron,

and four

ther barons, two remembrancers, a clerk of the pipe, Ice.

INTRODUCTION.
IV.
land

xxvii

The Cou-rt

of

Admiralty.

The

office

of lord high admiral of Scot;

is

very ancient, as well as the Court of Admiralty

is

but the form of their

art-

proceedings of old
loft.

not

much known,

as molt of their ancient records

The

lord high admiral was, before

feas,

the Union,

his Majefty's

lieu-

tenant and juftice general upon the

and

in all creeks, harbours,

and

navigable rivers beneath the tuft bridge.

puties, the

He
By

exercifed his jurisdiction

by deinferior

judge of the High Court of Admiralty, and the judges of

in the different diftricts.

Admiral Courts
rifdiction of the

an article of the Union, the ju-

Admiralty
;

in Scotland
this

is

faid to

be under the lord high ad-

miral of Great Britain

cial capacity; for the

but

does not feern to infer jurifdiction in a judi-

decrees of the Admiralty Court are in civil cafes fubject

to the review of the Court of Seffion, and in criminal to that of the Jufticiary.

The judge

of the High Court of Admiralty

is

appointed by the lord vice

;

admiral of Scotland, an officer of ftate nominated by the crown

and thofe

of inferior courts, by the judge of the High Court.

fas all

They have

a jurifdiction

maritime

cafes, civil or criminal

and, by prefcription, the High Court

has acquired a jurifdiction in mercantile caufes, nowife maritime.

rior courts imitate the example, although their jurifdiction
is

The

infe-

difavowed by

law

in all caufes

but thofe

ftrictly

maritime, and very properly; for the judges

lefs

of the inferior courts are, by Hation and education,

qualified to act as

judges than thofe of any other court

in Scotland.
is

V. The
in

Commissary Court

of Edinburgh, like that of the Admiralty,

fome refpects fupreme,

in others inferior; it
;

can review the fentences of the

other Commiffary Courts

but

its

own

decrees are fubject to revifal by the

Court of

SeiTion.

There

are

many

other CommiiTary Courts in the country

the judges or commiffaries are nominated by the crown.

The

court of

Edinburgh has four CommifTaries

thefe courts

were

i-nftkuted

by Queen
is

Mary, and

are the general confiftorial courts of Scotland.

Their nature

to

confirm teftaments, to afcertain debts contracted by perfons deceafed, and to

give decree of

payment

thereof; efpecially

if

the debts relate to the

laft illnefs

of the deceafed, the funeral charges, or obligations arifing from teftaments,

or from the
effects
ties

of nature, fupported by law, requiring alimony out of the

;

of the deceafed

to decide in

all

cafes of fcandal,

and

in general

upon

debts not exceeding 40I. fterling.

The Court

of Commiffary cf Edinburgh
;

reviews the decrees of the other Commiffary Courts

actions to prove a marriage
;

takes cognifance of
all

all

and

particularly, to try

caufes of

matrimony
alfg
<j

and adultery,

in order to a divorce,

not only a menfa

ei ioro.

but

vin-

culo matrimonii.

sxviii

INTRODUCTION.
Courts. As Scotland
fteward,
the
is

VI. Sheriff
artries,

divided into counties, {hires, or ftew-

the

fherifF or

king's lieutenant,
old, the fherifF or
:

enjoys an extenlive

jurifdiction, civil

and criminal.

Of

Reward reviewed the

decrees of the Baron Courts within his territories

he muftered the military

companies or
Jhaiuing
litia in ;

militia,

whofe

exercifes

were known by the name of nveaponin the eftablifhment of the

and the fame

office is

now renewed

mi-

Scotland, the officers of which receive their commiffions from the

lieutenant, fteward, or fherifF of the county:

he receives the royal reve-

nues from the collectors within

he fummons juries for the
as

his diftrict,

which he pays into the exchequer:

:

trials

before the courts of Jufticiary

he returns,

member

of parliament for the county, the perfon having a majority of

roll

fuffrages

upon the

of freeholders

he

eftablifhes,

with the

affifl.ar.ee

of a

jury, the fiars or rates to be paid for grain, that ought to be delivered

when

no

precife price

is

ftipulated

he has a

civil jurifdiction in all cafes,

;

except in

a conteft for the property of a landed eftate

theft,

and a criminal one

in cafes of

and other fmaller crimes. The

office

of fherifF was of old hereditary in

the great families; but,

by an

act of parliament in 1748, this

and

all

other

offices pofTeffing hereditary jurifdiction,

were

either diffolved or

annexed to
pre*-

the crown

the jurifdiction of the magiftrates of royal boroughs being

ferved entire.
Jheriff-deputc,

The
and

office

of fherifF

is

now

exercifed

by a judge, by the crown

called the
;

his fubftitute.

They

are appointed

and

the,

former muft be a member of the faculty of advocates.

The

decrees of this

court are fubject to review by the fupreme Courts of Seffion and Jufticiary.
VII.

Courts

of Royal

Boroughs. The powers

of jurifdiction veiled in

the magiftrates of cities and of royal boroughs, are fomewhat fimilar to thofe

of the

fheriffs,

but are fubject to the review of the Sheriff Court.

loft

The Deaa

of Guild Court has

confiderably of
all

its

former importance; being formerly

authorized to decide in

caufes between merchants, and between merchant

and mariner.
city or

Its office at prefent is, to take care that buildings

;

within the

burgh are carried on according to law

;

that encroachments be no.t

made

in the public ftreets

;

to judge in difputes between conterminous pro-

prietors
tion, or

.to

confider the Rate of buildings, whether they be in a fafe condiin

whether they threaten damage to thofe dwelling

ftate
;

them, or to the

neighbourhood, from their ruinous

"pulling

and to grant warrant for repairing,

ca'fe.

down, or rebuilding them, according to the circumftances of the

it

The

royal boroughs of Scotland alfo form, as

at

were, a commercial parlia-

ment, which meets once a year

Edinburgh, confuting of a reprefentative

from each borough, to confult upon the good of the whole.

Upon

the efta-

blifhment of royal boroughs, which took place about the 8th or 9th century,

INTRODUCTION.
the judgments of the magiftrates of thefe boroughs were

sxlx

made

fubject to the

review of the chamberlain of Scotland, and the Court of the Four Boroughs,
the curia quatuor burgomm.

This court was compofed of certain burgeffes

Stirling,

from the towns of Edinburgh,

Berwick, and Roxburgh,*

-

who

were,

appointed to meet annually at Haddington, to delibei ate and determine in

all

matters reflecting the

common

welfare of the royal boroughs.

Upon

the

fuppreffion of the office of chamberlain, the

power which he

poffeffed,

and

that of the curia quatuor burgorum,

was

transferred to the

VIII.

Convention

of

Royal Boroughs.

This court was conftituted in

at Inverkeithing
its
;

the reign of

James III. and was appointed to be held

it

but

it

does not appear that

met

earlier

than 1552. Since that period,

conftitution

has been confiderably altered, not only by fundry ads of parliament, but alio

by

its

own

decrees.

At

prefent, the Convention meets annually at Edinburgh^

and

confifts
is

of two deputies from each borough.

The

lord provoft of

Edh>

burgh

perpetual prefes, and the city clerks of Edinburgh are clerks to the
It

Convention.

commonly

fits

four days.

From

the inftitution of the Court

of Four Boroughs, the powers of the Convention

may

in part
L

be collected.
trade and

They

chiefly refpcct the efiablifhment of regulations refpe fting

;

manufactures

and to

this effect the

Convention has eftablifhed, and from

time to time renewed articles of ftable contract with the town of Campvere.f

As

the royal boroughs pay afixth part of the

js

fum impofed

a3 a land-tax

upon

the counties of Scotland, the Convention

empowered

to confider the Hate

affefs their refpective

of trade and revenues

in the individual

boroughs, and to

proportions according to their

abilities.

This court

alfo has

been

in ufe

to
re-

examine the conduct of magiftrates

venues, although this property
falls

in the adminiftration of the

borough

under the jurifdiction of the Court of Exparticular occasions, to the

chequer
cil

and to give

fanction,

upon

town coun-

of boroughs, to alienate a part of the borough eftate.

The Conventioa

likewife confiders and arranges the political feits or comtitutions of the differ-

ent boroughs,

and regulates matters concerning elections brought before

them.
IX.

Baron Courts

belong to thofe

who

hold baronies of the crown

title fimilar

and

are held

by a baron-bailie or judge, under fome other

;

to the

courts of royal boroughs

but their authority extends

in civil cafes
cafe,s

only to

caufes not exceeding forty {hillings fterling, and in criminal

to petty
is

actions of affault and battery; and, in the latter cafe, the punifhment

not to

When

Berwick and Roxburgh were taken by the Englifh, Lanark

anej

Linlithgow were fubftituted in their place, f Maitland's Kiftory of Edinburgh.

zxx
exceed a
fine

INTRODUCTION.
of twenty fhillings fterling, or fetting the delinquents in the

flocks for three hours in the daytime.

tenfive

The Courts

of Regality had more exlife

powers than the Baron Courts, being invefted with the power of
thefe

and death. But

tifh regalities

were

fo

dangerous and

fo extravagant, that all the Scot;

were diffolved by ad: of parliament

curtailed.
is

and the powers of the

Baron Courts have been greatly

X.
3609
;

The Justice
and
is,

of

Peace Court

of no

earlier inftitution

than A. D.
:

in almoft every refpect, (imilar to thofe of

England

but the

powers of the
in the latter

juftices of the peace are not fo well underftood or defined al

kingdom.
;

Generally fpeaking, they are to judge in riots and

breaches of the peace

ferries
;

appoint conftables

regulate highways, bridges,

and

they have authority to punifh vagrants, and offenders againft penal

laws

to judge

upon

tranfgrefiions of the

game

laws, and concerning frauds

againft the duties of cuftoms

jurifdiction.

and

excife, befides various other

branches of

There

is

alfo a Juftice of

Peace or Small Debt Court held

5!. fterling

monthly

in every

town, where caufes not exceeding

are decided

in a fummary manner, and at a fmall expence.

XL

Coroners. The

inftitution of
II.

Coroners

is

of very ancient date, being

all

as old as the reign of

Malcolm

They took

cognifance of
:

deaths that

happened fuddenly,
diftricts,

efpecially in breaches of the peace

but, except in a few

the office

is

much

neglected in Scotland.

From

the above general

it is

fummary of

inftitutions

and

civil

government of

Scotland,
land.

evident that they were principally the fame with thofe of Eng-

The

Englifh allege that the Scots borrowed the contents of the Regiam

Majeftatem, their oldeft law book, from the

work of

Glanville, a judge during

the reign of Henry

II.

of England.

The
is

Scots,

on the contrary, claim the

priority, alleging that Glanville's

work

copied from the Regiam Majeftatem?

even with the peculiarities of the

exift in the
civil

latter,

which do not now, and never did

the practice of the

laws of England.

The conformity between

is

law of Scotland and that of England

remarkable.

The

Englifh law

reports are (imilar in nature to the Scottifh practice, and their acts of federunt

anfwer to the Englifh rules of court

the Scottifh wadfets and reverfions, to

;

the Englifh mortgages and defeafances

their poinding of goods,

and

letters

of horning, are very fimilar to the Englifh practice in cafe of outlawry.

Many

other ufages are fimilar in both kingdoms, which prove the fimilarity

of their conftitutions.

Another

fimilarity

may be

noticed in the early ages of

both kingdoms.

In Scotland the monarch held his parliament, and promul-

gated' his edicts feated

Mots-bill, or the
hi!],

on a

hill,

called in Gaelic Tom'm'houl,

i.

e.

Moot or

of meeting

and

in England, the

Saxon princes iflued

INTRODUCTION.
their laws in

ixxi

what

is

named

Felc-mote, a

term implying a parliament of the

fame kind

as that of the early Scots.

MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT.
The
military eftablifnmetot of Scotland confifts of a lieutenant general,

three major generals, and the ftafF of

North

Britain,

who

are under the

command
by the

of the

commander

in chief of Britain.

There

are four forts, which,

articles of

Union, are to be kept conftantly

;

in repair, viz.

Edinburgh,

Stirling,

Dumbarton, and Blacknefs

and there

are feveral other forts

which

are kept
ftrength.

in repair, rather as barracks for foldiers,

than as objects of military

Thefe

are, Forts

George, Auguftus, William, and Charlotte, &c.

By

a late act of parliament the militia eftablifhment has been extended to

Scotland; and, in Table

nifhed by each county

A of

the

Appendix, the number of men

to be fur-

is fet

down.

POLITICAL DIVISION.
Scotland
is

divided into thirty-one

fliires

or counties, and

two

ftewartries,

which fend

thirty reprefentatives to parliament, viz. one for each of twenty;

feven counties, and three for the remaining fix

Bute and Caithnefs, Nairn

alternately.

and Cromarty, Clackmannan and Kinrofs choofing

ferent counties

For the

dif-

and

their population, vide

Appendix, Table A,

ROADS.
Vide Appendix, Table F.

MARKET TOWNS

and FAIRS.

Vide Appendix, Table G.

ANTIQUITIES, MILITARY and RELIGIOUS.

Of
the military and religious antiquities of Scotland,
it

would too

far ex-

tend our limits to give an exact enumeration.

of Antoninus, part of which
is ftill vifible
;

Of

the former, the great wall

the numerous

Roman camps

* in

* Roman camps are generally difringuiflied from thofe of the Danes or Saxons, by being rectangular ; whereas, thofe of the other nations are oval, circular, or following the windings of the Mis on which they are fituated.

kxxli

INTRODUCTION.
diftrict
;

every

the

many

military ftations of the Saxons and other nations;

and the remains of the

vitrified forts* (as

they are called) on

many

mountains?'

furnifh innumerable examples.

Many

of the ancient Scottifh caftles have been

ftrongly fortified; and, as

many

of them are fituated on precipitous rocks overartillery.

diftricl:

hanging the

fea,

muft have been impregnable before the invention of

examples are
alfo

Of religious

edifices the

innumerable

almoft every

poffefTcs the remains of the circles or fanes of the Druids; and in feveral places

are the celebrated rocking-ftones, fuppofed

by many to have been engines

ofdruidical fuperftition.}-

The

magnificent ruins of the different abbeys of

Scotland, particularly of Melrofe, Aberbrothoek, Plufcardine, I-colm-kill, &c.

are

many

proofs of the extenfive monaftic eftablifhments in Scotland.

in the

The

Danifh duns
nethy
;

Hebrides
;

the

Pidfcifh

monuments
;

at Brechin

and Aber-

the obelifks

the cairns and tumuli

are too

numerous

for notice in

this place,

but will be found in the descriptions of the diftri&s where they arc

fituated in the Gazetteer*

HISTORY.
The
ancient hiftory of Scotland
is

involved in fo

much

fable,

and

fo

much
tiffue,

obfeurity, that, in our

narrow

limits, to

attempt to unravel the confufed

futile

and to feparate truth from

fable,

would be

and

ufelefs.

It

would be would be

equally vain to give an abridgment of the

modern

hiltory, as it

impofiible to ftate the important particulars in an Introduction to a Gazetteer.

We

have, however, in the

Appendix, Table
I.

_B,

given a chronological tabic

of the Scottifh kings, from Fergus

to James VI., with the dates of the begin-

ning and conclufion of their reigns, which will be of confiderable ufe to the
reader in finding out the dates of different inftitutiono and eftablifhments

mentioned

in the

Gazetteer, to have taken place in fuch amonarch's reign.

CONCLUSION.
In other refpects, Scotland
Britain
;

is

fimilar

to the fouthern
is

diftricl:

of Great

and the intercourfe between the t\^o countries

:

every day growing

more

frequent, to the mutual advantage of both

this has the effect of rend-

ering their manners, drefs, language,

and indeed every particular, alike; and,

diftant period, the time

of ccurfe,

we may

anticipate, at
fhall

no very
be

when

national

diftinctions

and prejudices

known no more, and Britain

will

form 3

as

it

ought to be, only

ONE NATION.

* Vide Craigphatric of the Gazetteer. f Vide Kells Rhvns of the- Gazetteer.


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bbbb nana

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fcm g

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a is bob

fi*r&
m.iir,/,.-

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**~

Mr*/ JS\
S'Ferrjus

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THE

GAZETTEER OF SCOTLAND,

I
ft!)

K
X
A

A
ABB
BBAY(St.BATHANS). Apariih in Berwickfhire, fituated in the midft of the Lammermuir hills, about 6- miles in length, and 3 in breadth. The foil is light .and dry, and, efpecially on the banks of the Wbittadder,{zrti\t and well cultivated; but the hilly diftrict is barren, and covered with he^th. Here are the remains of an ancient abbey of Bernardines, founded in 11 70, for which Ada Countefs of March fwore fealty to Edward I. of England, in 1296. The Earl of Wemyfs has lately built dn elegant fporting villa, called the Retreat, about a mile from the fmall Kirktown of Abbay. In 1801, the population was 138; decreafe 61 fince 1791, but an increafe of 48 fince 1755. ABBEY PARISH of PAISLEY.

ABE
Hamilton, and 4 from Lanark. Iri 1793, it contained about 95 houfes, and 430 inhabitants.
a parifh in Rox; burghshire, lately fuppreffed, and divided between the parifhes of Bed-

$
^
th

-t\

ABBOTRULE

rule and Southdean.

Abb's (St.) Head ;' a promontory of land, well known by feamen, lying in the parifh of Goldingham, county of Berwick, about 10 miles N. of Berwick, and the fame diftance S. of
Dunbar. tude 5s
Longitude i 56'
54.'

W.

lati-

1^

N.
a village and

ABBOTS-HALL^

parifh in the S. coaft of the county of It is a fmall irregular parifh, Fife.

being in its utmoft extent not more than 2. miles each way. Its general appearance is very pleafant, rifing Vide Paisley. gradually from the coaft northward, ABBEY-GREEN ; a village in La- into pretty high grounds. The foil is narkfhire, in the parifh of Lefmaha- thin, but exceedingly fertile, partigoe fo named from being built a- cularly in warm, fhowery fummers. round the remains of a monaftery, Mr. Fergufon of Raitb, one of the dependent on that of Kelfo, founded chief proprietors of the parifh, has by King David I. in 11 40, and dedi- lately made out fome extenfive plancated to St. Macule. All that remains tations round his feat, and erected a of the monaftery is a fquare tower, fine obfervatory on the higheft ground with battlements, now converted into in the parifh, which has a very coma fteeple to the church of Lefmaha- manding profpect. The diftrict agoe. The village lies 1% miles S. of bounds with coal and limeftone ; in <
;

ABE
& quarry of the latter, beautiful fpecimens of petrified par
tellts,

ABE
fhire

are found fome

and Lothian.

It lies in

the dr*

entrochi,

cortraa

ammotns, and

other marine productions.

lage
is

The

vil-

in a thriving condition,

long been noted for of checks. The population in iSoi, Was 2501 ; increafe 365 fince 1791. ABDIE; a parilh in the county of Fife, of contiderable extent but, from it3 being interfered with other
;

and has the manufacture

about from Dundee, 58 N. N. E* of Edinburgh, and 12 W. from Montrofe. The body of the town confifts of one ftreet, nearly half a mile in length, running N. and S. from the fea, and another on the W. fide of fmaller extent. Both thefe are interfered by other crofs ftreets, and are in general well built, though without
reclion of the great iN. road,

17 miles E.

it is impcilible to give ?. general idea of its length and breadth. It is lituated on the S. bank of the river Taj,, amongft thofe high lands which, to the weftward, acquire the appellation of the Ochil hills. The furface is remarkably uneven ; but there is a

much regularity. To the eaftward of the town, and locally fituated in the pariih of St. Vigeans, there are 2 neat regular ftreets ; at the top of one of which is an elegant chapel of eafe, built about 3 years ago. On the fide of the river Brothock there are alfo good deal of arable land. The foil is feveral neat ftreets newly built, conin general pretty fertile; and the farm- fifting chiefly of fmall houfes of one ers, by adopting proper methods of ftorey, forming a fuburb of confideragriculture, have greatly meliorated able fize. The town-houfe is fituated the foil, and incrcafed the annual re- nearly in the middle of the W. fide turn of grain. The Tay has gradually of the high-ftreet; and, though fcarcecarried away with its current many ly diftinguifhed in its external appearacres of the fineil land ; but embank- ance from the other inhabited houfes,. ments are now erecting to prevent poffefies 2 elegant rooms for public this in future. There are 3 quarries meetings, befides accommodation for of granite in the parifh, from which the town-clerk's office, and: prifons. a confiderable quantity is {hipped for The harbour is fmall, but commopaving the ftreets of London. dious, and can be taken by veffels in hills in the parifh, viz. Clatchart Crag, a ftorm, when they cannot enter any and Nonncm'sLazc, are remarkable for of the neighbouring ports. It is en-> their height and precipitous fronts. tirely artificial, being well flieltered There is little old wood ; but a con- from the fea by a long pier ; and, fiderable extent of young planting. during ftcrms, the inner harbour is There are feveral old manfion-houfes fo fecured by wooden gates, that the in ruins, and the remains of different veffels lie in the fmootheft water. It fortifications, fuppofed to be the can admit veffels of 200 tons at fpring works cf the northern invaders, or tides ; but, at ordinary tides, veffels places of ftrength erected to repel of 100 tons only can enter. The hartheir hoftile vifits. In 1801, the po- bour is defended by a neat battery, pulation was 723 ; increafe 229 fince mounting fix 12-pounders, erected in 1791. 1783, on account of an attack made Aber ; a Gaelic or Celtic word, on the town by a fmall privateer, implying a fituation cither on the commanded by one Captain Fall dubanks of a river, or at its junction with ring the American war. The port of the ocean ; and confequently forms a Aberbrothock is of great antiquity : part of the name of many towns, vil- but its fituation was more to the eaftThe fite of lages, and parilhes of Scotland, fo fi- ward than at prefent. tuated. the old harbour is ftill named the or AR- Old Shore-head ; and an agreement isa royal borough in For- ftill extant between the abbot and ; farfhire, fituated at the sftuary of the burghers of Aberbrothock, in 94, river Brothock, on a fmall plain, fur- concerning the making of the harbour. rounded on the W., N., and E. fides, Both parties were bound to contriby eminences, in the form of an am- bute their proportion ; but the largeft phitheatre, commanding an extenfive fell to the fhare of the former, for
parilhes,

W.

Two

ABERBROTHOCK, BROATH

profpect of the Friths of Tay and Forth, and the elevated parts of Fife-

which he was to receive an annual tax, payable out of each of the borovgh

ABE

ABE

mods. The glory of the place was The profperity of the town fliared the abbey, the venerable ruins of the fate of the abbey, till about the which are much admired by all tra- year 1736, when its commerce began At that time, a few genvellers, and ftill convey an idea of its to revive. ancient magnificence. It was founded tlemen of property engaged in the in 1178 by Willi' 11 I. furnamed the manufacture of ofhaburghs and brown Lion, King of Scotland, and dedi- linens, which fucceeded well, and is cated to the memory of Thomas a ftill the principal branch of manufacBecket, the celebrated Archbifhop of ture. In i8cz, there were ftamped Canterbury. The founder was in- at the ftamp- office, 1,457,851-*; yards terred here ; but there are now no of thofe kinds of cloth, valued at remains of his tomb. This monaftery 63,908!. 8s. stA- fterling ; and, prior was one of the richeft of the whole to the conclullon of the late war, the ifland, and its abbots were frequently fail-cloth manufacture produced nearthe firft churchmen of the kingdom. ly as much. There are about 34 vefCardinal Beaton, the Wolfey of Scot- fels belonging to the place, each from land, was the laft abbot, at the fame 60 to 160 tons burden, employed in time that he was Archbifhop of St. the Baltic and coafting trade. AberAndrews. The monks were of the brothock is a royalty of very ancient Tyronenfian order, and were firft erection ; it being the general opinion, brought from Kelfo, whofe abbot de- that it was erected into a royal boclared thofe of this place, on their rough by King William the Lion, a- bout the year 11 86 ; but this cannot firft inftitution, to be free from his jurifdiclion. This monaftery formerly exactly be afcertained, owing to the enjoyed great and uncommon privi- lofs of the original charter, which was leges ; and a charter is ftill extant, taken by force out of the abbey, where from King John of England, under it was lodged in the time of the civil the great fe'al of that kingdom, by wars, during the minority of James which the monaftery and citizens of VI., by George Bifhop of Moray, calAberbrothock are exempted, a tehntis led Poftulat of Arbroath. It was, et cenfttetudine, in every part of Eng- however, confirmed in its privileges land, except London and Oxford. It by a writ of novodamus from James has alfo been of confiderable note in VI. in 1559. It is governed by a prothe Scottifh hiftory, particularly as voft, 2 bailies, a treafurer, and 1^ the feat of that parliament during the counfellors, and has 7 incorporated reign of King Robert Bruce, in which trades. The revenues arifing from the celebrated manifefto was addrefs- the (hore dues, and other public proed to the Pope, on account of the perty, is upwards of 900I. fterling. It hardfhips which Scotland lay under unites with the burghs of Aberdeen, from the anathemas of his Holinefs, Montrofe, Inverbervie, and Brechin, and the invafions of Edward I. a in fending a reprefentative to parliamanifefto aimoft unequalled for the ment. In 1801, the population, infpirit of its remonftrance, and the li- cluding that part of the town fituated berty of fentiment which it avowed in the pariih of St. Vigeans, was nearly (vide Hatles' Annals of Scotland.) 7000; being an inereafe of about 1800 After the death of Beaton, the abbey fince 1792. Its fairs are on the 31ft felt the deftructive fanaticifm of the January, ^d Wednefday of June, and reformers ; and its revenues were e- 1 8th July. The pariih of Aberrected into a temporal lordfhip, in brothock or Arbroath, is of fmall favour of a Lord J. Hamilton, fon of extent, being an erection about tv/o the Duke de Chatelherault and Lord centuries ago, of the town and royalty Aberbrothock is ftill one of the titles into a feparate pariih from St. Viof the Duke of Hamilton. The ruins geans, in which it formerly was inof the abbey are ftrikingly picturefque, cluded. Around the town the foil is confuting of ruinous towers of the rich and fertile, but towards the N. W, moft folid conftruction, columns over- there is a confiderable extent of muiry thrown and broken in pieces, Gothic ground, the property, of the comwindows, cloifters, ftaircafes, &c. all munity, which is now covered with exhibiting, as well the ravages of thriving plantation. About half a mile tirce, as the frenzy of religious zeal. W. from the town is a confiderable
; ; ;

ABE
commonly,
in

ABE

which' is a ftrong cha- five and varied profpecl of the plain lybeate fpring, niuch reforted to. In of Sira theme. In 1796, the population iSoa, the population of the pariih of Aberdalgy pariih was 5 23 ; increafe was 4943 ; increafe 243 fince 179a, 203 fince 1755. ABERDEENSHIRE. This extenand 2578 fince 1755.

ABERCORN

a parifh in Linlith-

gowfhire, of a rectangular figure, about 4 miles long, and 3 broad, lying on the 6. bank of the Frith of Forth, about 12 miles W. from Edinburgh. The furface is irregular but, except two eminences, none of the riling grounds deferve the name of hills. The whole is arable ; but, about two
;

county is bounded on the N. and E. by the German ocean ; on the S. by the counties of Kincardine, Angus, and Perth ; and on the W. by Banff, Murray, and Invernefs-fhires. It extends in length about 90 miles, from S. VV. to N.E. and about 46 in breadth, from the mouth of the river Dee to
five

where

it

is

bounded by the

fhire

of

be eftimated at 70. It comprehends the diftrifts of Marr, Garioch, Fortoun. The village and church of A- martin, and great part of Euchan. berccrn are delightfully fituated on The diftricl: of Marr, which may be an angular point, where two fmall confidered as the center of Scotland, burns unite, about 100 yards before is wild, jugged, and mountainous their junction with the Forth. It gives fome of the hills riling precipitoufiy the Britifh title of Marquis, and the to the height of 3000 feet above the Scottifh title of Earl, to a branch of level of the fea. The Hoping fides of the family of Hamilton, It is generally the hills are covered with extenfive believed, that the wall of Antoninus natural forefts ; in many places impebegan in this parifh ; but it is more netrable to human footfteps. Buchan probable that it did not extend quite is lefs hilly ; but very barren, bleak, fo far ; the point on which Blacknefs- and inhofpitable to the view. The caftle is built having been its eaftern reft of the country is more fertile extremity. The monaftery of Aber- having a gradual defcent from the corn was one of the moft ancient in central diftrict eaftward, to the fea. Scotland, as mention is made of it in The coaft is in general very rocky. the 7th century. Abercorn-caftle was The Boilers or Bullers of Buchan ara place of great ftrength, in the pof- reft the attention of all ftrangers, by feffion of the family of the Douglafcs, their ftupendous craggy precipices. and difmantled in 1455, during the The foil, in fo extenfive a diftricl, is iv. liion of the Earl of Douglas. as various as can be well fuppofed. There are now no remains either of The ftate of agriculture in the interior the monaftery or caftle. The minerals parifhes of the county is very rude ; of this parifh are freeftone, limeftone, but the example of many patriotic coal, and ironftone ; but only the proprietors is producing wonders even limeftone, which is of fuperior qua- in the moft unptomifing foils. Pre-

thirds are occupied by plantations, and the polici s around Hopetoun-houfe, the princely feat of the Earl of Hope-

Banff. Its extent in fquare miles

may

wrought. In 1797, the popu- judices in hufbandry, when deeply was 870 ; decreafe 167 fince rooted, are with difficulty overcome; but, even thefe are yielding to a mo1755ABERDALGY ; a parifh in Perth- dern and more regular lyftem. The fhire, united to that of Duplin. average produce of the farms in the The united parifh extends about 2 whole county, is eftimated in the promiles in length, and nearly as much portion to the rent, as 5 to 1. This the furface rifes gradu- produce, confiderable as it is, isfcarcein breadth ally from the banks of the Erne, ly one half of what may be expecled which wafhes it on the S. fide, afford- from the improvements which are ing a great variety of foil, from the daily made. The rivers of Aberdeenricheft clay to the pooreft thin fand ; fhire are, the Dee, the Don, the Tthan, but in general pretty fertile. About the Bogie, the Urie, the Ugie, and the
lity, is

lation

a mile from the river ftands Duplincaffie, the elegant feat of the Earl of Kinnoul it is furrounded with fine plantations, and commands an exten:

Cruden

the De-veron alfo, for

many

miles, forms its boundary with the county of Banff. All thefe rivers have be,en long celebrated for the excel-

ABE

ABE

lence of the falmon with which they of Invercauld, there are found large abound. The rents of the fifhings arc fpecimensof rock cryftals; one in the eftimated at 2480I. per annum., and the poffeffion of Mr. Farquharfon, is by produce at upwards of io,oool. Be- far the largeft ever found in the kingBefides thefe, afbeftos, talc, fides the fifhings of the rivers, the fea dom. coaft of Aberdeenfhire abounds with mica, fchiftus, and other curious miall kinds of excellent fifh ; and a num- nerals, are found in many parts of the ber of timing vefiels are fitted out county. Several of the mountains in from the fea ports of the county, par- the diftrict of Marr fhew evident figns There are many ticularly Peterhead and Frazerburgh. of volcanic origin. Under the articles of fifheries, we may famous mineral waters ; but thofe of mention the celebrated pearl timing Peterhead, and Glendee or Pannanach^ in the river Tthan* In this river fome are defervedly celebrated for their efpearls have been found, which fold ficacy in curing difeafes. Aberdeenfingly fo high as %\. and 3I. With re- fhire has been long noted for the difgard to mineralogy, little wealth of ferent branches of the woollen manuthat defcription has hitherto been facture, particularly the knitting of found in this county. The granite ftockings and hofe, in which great quarries are the moft valuable articles. numbers of the common people are From thofe in the neighbourhood of conftantly employed, and gain a liveAberdeen, 12,000 tons and upwards lihood. Of late, the linen and fail* are annually exported to London; the cloth manufactures have been fuccefsvalue of which may be eftimated at a- fully introduced, particularly in About 8400I. There are feveral quarries berdeen, Peterhead, and Huntly ; in the parifh of Aberdour, which yield which latter, according to the report excellent millftones. There is a quarry of a minifter in a neighbouring parifh, of blue flate wrought in the parifh of " promifes fhortly to become the AberdeenCulfalmond, and a vein of manganeze Paifley of the North." in the neighbourhood of Old Aber- deenfhire contains 3 royal boroughs, deen. In the parifh of Huntly there viz. Aberdeen, Kintore, and Inare many indications of metallic ores; verury; and feveral large and handand confiderable quantities of plum- feme towns, as Peterhead, Fraserbago, or black lead, was lately difco- burgh, Huntly, Keith, and Old Meldrum, vered. The county abounds with Aberdeenfhire is divided into 85 palimeftone ; but, from the want of coal, rifhes, which, by the returns of the it cannot be wrought to much ad- different clergy to Sir John Sinclair vantage, except near a fea port. In in 1790-8, contained 122,921 inhabitfince Old Machar and Old Deer parifhes, ants ; being an increafe of about 55,000 bolls of lime are an- 1755, when like returns were made, nually burnt, valued at 2750I. Some collected by Dr. Webfter. The folkelp is made on the coaft, the value lowing is a lift of the chief feats of of which muft be confiderable. Many the nobility and gentry, which ornafmail pieces of amber are found on ment this county. Huntly-lodgc, Marthe Buchan coaft ; and Cambden men- quis of Huntly ; Slain' s-cafile, Earl of tions a piece of fuch a fize found on Errol ; Keith-hall, Earl of Kintore that coaft, that it requires the utmoft Aboyne-cajlle, Earl of Aboyne ; Meerrftretch of belief to allow it credit. In lodge, Earl of Fife ; Philorth-houfe, the parifh of Lefly, a beautiful green Lord Saltoun ; Putachie, Lord Forbes amianthus, with white and gray fpots, Ellon-caflle, Earl of Aberdeen ; Monyis found in confiderable quantities. It muj% Sir. Archibald Grant ; Fintryis eafily wrought, and formed into hoitfe, Sir William Forbes; Fyvie-cajlle, fnuff-boxes and other ornaments by the Hon. Gen. W. Gordon ; Iri-ver* the country people. Amethyfts, e- cauld, James Farquharfon, Efq. ; Pitmeralds, and other precious ftones, four, James Fergufon, Efq. ; Logieparticularly that kind of topaz called Elphinftone, R. D. Horn-Elphinftone; Cairngorm ftones, are found in the Leith-hall, Major-General Hay; Freemountains in the parifh of Crathy ; field, Alexander Leith, Efq. ; Aberand agates of a fine polifh, and beau- geldy, Captain P. Gordon ; Skene-houfe, tiful variety, are found on the beachy George Skene, ) fq. Cluny, Charles fhore, near Peterhead. On the eftate Gordon* Efq. ; Shaloch, John Ramfay,
:

ABE
Efq. Haughlon, Francis Farquharfon, Efq. Claim, H. N. Lurafden, Efq. Gordon-lodge, Colonel Gordon-Gumming ; Cajile-Frafer, Mifs Frafer Craigflon, J. Urquhart, Efq.; Nenvton, A. Gordon, Efq. ; Broad/and, A. Hervey, Efq. ; Aden, A. Ruffels, Efq. of Old Deer Seaton, J. Forbes, Efq.
;
; ;

ABE
of which the chief are, ift, the Poor' houfe, a large building, appropriated to the reception of aged poor, and
deftitute children,

fupported by

its

own

funds, contributions from the

:

kirk-feflions, and voluntary donations 2nd, till lately, there was a Guild Brethren's Ho/pita/; but it was Drum, A. Irvine, Efq.; Pitta drie, Col. found more agreeable for the lodgers Knight-Erfkine ; Meldrum, Jas. Ur- to receive an annual pennon : it was quhart, Efq.; Craig, j. Gordon, Efq.; accordingly fold, and the charity put Parkhill, A. Skene, Efq. ; Pitcaple, on that footing 3d, Lady Drum's Mifs Lumfden ; Kemnay, A. Burnett, Hofpital, for old unmarried women, Efq. ; &c. Aberdeenfiiire fends one founded in 1663 by Lady Mary, member to parliament. The valued daughter of the Earl of Buchan, and rent of the whole county is in Scots widow of Sir Alexander Irvine of money 235,6651. 8s. nd., and the real Drum: 4th, Gordon's Hofpital, founded land rent is eftimated in fterling moI 733 an d the governors incorponey at 133,632b rated by royal charter in 1772: it has (NEW); the capital a good revenue ; and from 60 to 66 of Aberdeenfiiire, and the chief city boys are clothed, maintained and eof the N. of Scotland, is fituated on ducated on the eftablifhment 5 th, a riling ground, near the aeftuary of the Infirmary, a large plain building, the river Dee into the German ocean, eftablifhed in 1742, and fupported by 120 miles N. E. from Edinburgh, in fubfcriptions, collections, and dona57 9' N. latitude, and i 45' W. lon- tions the number of patients annugitude. It is a large and handfome ally relieved is about 900 6th, the city, having many fpacious ftreets, Lunatic Hofpital, built by fubfcription, lined on each lide by elegant houfes, about half a mile from town, in 1800 : generally four ftoreys high, built of 7th, the Difpenfaries, alfo fupported granite from the, neighbouring quar- by voluntary contributions, and having ries. The market-place, in the center from 2000 to 3000 patients annually of the city, is a large oblong fquare. on the books of the charity. Beudes On the N. fide of it is the town-houfe, thefe, every incorporated trade has a with a handfome fpire; and adjoining fund for decayed members; and there to it the tolbooth, a fquare tower 120 are many Friendly Societies for the fame feet high, alfo furmounted with a end. little to the E. of the town fpire. Clofe to this is an elegant are the Barracks, erected in 1794, on mafon lodge ; and oppofite to the the fite of a fortification built there town-houfe, the Aberdeen Banking by Oliver Cromwell. They are eleCompany have lately erected an ele- gant and commodious, and capable gant office of polifhed granite. In the of accommodating upwards of 600 middle of Caftle-ftreet is the crofs, men. The ancient religious eftablifhthe moft complete> perhaps, of any ments in the city were numerous of the kind in the kingdom ; it is an but only four have been handed down convent of octagon ftone building, highly orna- to us by hiftory. ift, mented with neat das-relievos of the Mathurines, or the order of the Trikings of Scotland, from James I. to nity, founded by King William the James VI. with a Corinthian column Lion 2nd, the Dominican, or Black in the center, on the top of which is friars monaftery, founded by Alexan unicorn. By virtue of an act of ander II.: 3d, the Obfervantine priory, parliament paffed in 1800, feveral new founded by the citizens and other and elegant ftreets have been opened, private perfons and, 4th, the Carpaffing over other ftreets by arches, melite, or White friars monaftery, and facilitating the approach to the founded in 1350 by Philip de Arbuthtown in every direction. The grammar not. The trade of Aberdeen is confchool is a low, but neat building, fiderable ; but might be greatly exunder a rector and 3 teachers, who tended by the profecution of the white have good appointments. There are fifheries. The harbour, which is forma number of charitable inftitutions, ed by the Dee, was long a detriment
:

town and

ABERDEEN

ABE
to
its

ABE
lofs

trade,

and occafioned the

many lives, and much property. was much interrupted by a bar

of

be one and to of have been erected into a royal borough

capital.
is

Aberdeen

faid to

It

of the

oldeft communities,

fand, which fhifted its fituation fo much, that a vefiel could never depend on finding it as it was left. This inconvenience is now removed by a new pier, on the N. fide of the river, which was creeled according to a plan

of the celebrated Mr. Smeaton. It is 1200 feet long, and gradually increafes in thicknefs and height, as it approaches to the fea, where the head or rounding is 60 feet diameter at the bafe, and the perpendicular elevation 38 feet. The whole is built of huge {tones of granite, at the expence of about 2o,oool. which is defrayed by doubling the harbour dues. Near the
great pier are 2 batteries, mounting ten 12-pounders, erected in 17S1-2, for the defence of the harbour and
ihipping. Aberdeen once enjoyed a great ihare in the North American trade : at prefent, its chief imports are from the Baltic ; and a few merchants trade to the Levant and the Weft Indies. Its exports are ftockings, thread, falmon, grain, and meal; the firft is the oft important article,

but the moft ancient ; charter now extant, is from King William the Lion, of which the date is wanting ; but it muft have been between 1 1 65 and 1 2 14, the period of his reign. Many other charters have been given by fuccefiive monarchs. Its civil government is veiled in a provoft, denominated lord provoft, 4 bailies, a dean of guild, treafurer, and town-clerk, a town council, and 7 deacons of the incorporated trades. An act of parliament was alio pallid in 1795, empowering the inhabitants to elect 13 commillioners of police, and for railing an afleffment, pro re nata, for paving, lighting, and cleaning the ftreets, lupplying the city with water, &c. Aberdeen, as a royal borough, enjoys parliamentary reprefentation, uniting with Abcrbrothock, Brecnin, Inverbervie, and JVlontroie, in fending a member to parliament. Its fairs are on the 2nd Tuefday of June, laft Thurfday of Auguft, and lit Tuefday of October. The pariih
as early as 893

of Aberdeen (N^wj, or St. Nim beingeftimatedatno lefs than 183,0001. cholas, is of fmall extent, being conannually. The manufacture of fine fined to the limits of the town on ethread is carried on by feveral com- very fide, except the S. E. where it panies to a confiderable extent ; and extends to the fea, including the vila few gentlemen have lately begun to lage of Footdee, a confiderable village, manufacture brown linens, ofnaburghs having a neat chapel of eaie, lately and canvafs. The falmon fiihings of built. There is a fine bridge of 7 Dee and Don are a valuable branch of arches over the Dee, built in 1530 by trade; the annual average of exported Biihop Dunbar, and repaired, or rather falmon being 167,000 lb. of pickled rebuilt by the magiftrates oi Aberdeen filh fent to London, and 900 or 1000 in 1724. Amongit many eminent chabarrels of falted fifh fent to the Me- racters who were born in this place, diterranean. Aberdeen alio expoits we will only mention Jamie son, the a confiderable quantity of pickled celebrated painter, after named the pork, which is dilpofed of to the Scottiih Vandyke. In 1793, the poveffeis

Dutch

and

for victualling their Eaft India fnips of war; the Aberdeen

pulation of

pork having a high reputation for ABERDEEN (OLD), ollm Aberbeing the belt cured, and for keeping don an ancient burgh in the county on long voyages. It is however re- of the fame name, and formerly an
;

New Aberdeen pariih was 16120; increafe 5335 iince 1755.

not a fingle out from this port for the herring or white fiiheries, for the profecution of which it is admirably fituated. Aberdeen has two private banking companies, who iilue their own notes ; and an Inis

markable, that there

epifcopal fee. It

is

pleaiantly fituated

decked

vefiel

fitted

on an eminence, on the river Don, about a mile N. of the city of New Aberdeen, and nearly the fame diftance

from the

fea.

It is a place of great

was of confiderable importance fo long ago as the end of the furance Company againft loffes by 9th century, when, according to trafire has been lately eftabliihed, on 'a dition, King Gregory the Great conrelpectable plan, and with a large ferred an it forne peculiar privileges.

antiquity, and

ABE
are extant, prior to the year 1154 ; in which year David I. tranflated the epifcopal fee from Mortlach to this place ; and in the fame year, the town of Old Aberdeen was ere&ed into a free burgh of barony, holding directly of the crown. This charter has been renewed by many fuccefftve fovereigns, and was finally eftablilhed by a charter from King George I., by which the power of electing their own magiftracy is veiled in the free burgeffes of the town the magiftrates are a provoft, 3 bailies, a treafurer, and council, with the deacons of 6 incorporated trades. There is a neat Tonun-boufe, built about 10 years ago by the community ; and a Trades 1 Hofpital for
:

ABE
vein of

But no authentic records

Near the banks of the Don, a rick manganeze has been lately

opened, and promifes to be of confiderable value. In 1793, the population of the parifh of Old Aberdeen
increafe 3163 fince 1755. of)* In this diftridt there are two Univer;

was 8107

Aberdeen (Universities
viz. ift,

fities,

King's College,

fitu-

ated in the burgh of Old Aberdeen ; and, and, Marischal College, fituated in the city. As thefe are diftincf from each other, as colleges and univerfities, we fhall notice them feparately. Various attempts have been made to unite them ; but without effect. The crown is fuperior of both colleges ; having fucceeded to the King's College upon the abolition of decayed freemen and their widows. epifcopacy, and to the latter on the There is alfo an Hofpital for 12 poor attainder of the late Earl Marifchal men, founded in 1532 by Bifhop Wil- but has never interfered in the elecliam Dunbar. The King's College, the tion of their chancellors or rectors. I. King's College. It appears that chief ornament of the place, is a large and ftately fabric, fituated on the E. there exifted, fo long ago as the reign fide of the town ; (vide next article.) of Malcolm IV. a "Jludhun generale There was formerly a very magnifi- incollegio canonicorum Aberdonienfium" cent Cathedral, dedicated to St. Ma- which fubfifted till the foundation of char, which with the Bifhop's palace, this college by Bifhop Elphinftone. In the year 1594, Pope Alexander, by fell a facrifice to the religious frenzy of the reformers. Two very antique a bull dated Feb. 10th, inftituted, in fpires, and an aifle, now ufed as the the city of Old Aberdeen or Aberdon, parifh church, are now the only re- an univerfity, or " Jludium generale et mains of it. The cathedral was found- univerfitatis Jlud'ti generalis," for Theed in 1154, when the bifhopric was ology, Canon and Civil Law,Medicine, tran dated from Mortlach but, having the Liberal Arts, and every lawful fabecome ruinous, or wanting fufneient culty ; privileged to grant degrees, elegance, it was demolifhed, and a according to the merits of the ftunew one founded by Bifhop Alexander dents ; which degrees " beftowen all Kinninmonth, in 1357. This was privileges, &c. ubicunque terrarum, nearly 80 years in building, and was which belong to any other univerfity." finiihed by Bifhop Elphinftone. In James IV. applied for this bull on the the cathedral was a valuable library, iupplication of Bifhop Elphinftone, which was almoft totally deftroyed at who is confidered as the founder. the reformation. The parifh of A- Though this bull was granted in 1494, berdeen (Old), or Old Machar, the college was only founded in 1506, is of confiderable extent, being about and dedicated to St. Mary; but, being 8 milts long from E. to W., and from taken under the immediate protection 4 to 5 broad, comprehending the fpace of the king, it was denominated King's (except that occupied by the town of College. King James IV. and Bifhop New Aberdeen) which lies between Elphiftone endowed it with very the rivers Dee and Don. The furface large revenues. The Bifhop of Aberagreeably diverfified by riftng deen, for the time, was declared to be is grounds, interfperfed with gentlemens chancellor of the univerfity; but, upon feats, villas, and plantations, and nu- the abolition of epifcopacy, the pamerous manufactories. Over the Don tronage became vefted in the hands The building is anthere is a fine bridge of one Gothic of the crown. arch, built by Bifhop Cheyne, in 1281. cient, containing a chapel,library, muThe arch is 67 feet fpan, and 34* feet feum, common-hall, and rooms for high from the furface of the river. the lectures; and a long uniform range
;

ABE
for the accommodation of the profeffors, and fuch ftudents as choofe to live in the college. Behind is the garden of the college,

ABE
but
in

of modern houfes

many places

the breadth
half.

is

net

more than a mile and an

Ths

principal's houfe and garden. and mufeum are well There are a number of furnifhed.

and the

The

library

burfaries for poor (Indents, the funds for the fupport of which amount to near 17,0001. The feffion lafts five

months, beginning

in

November. The

officers are, a chancellor, generally a nobleman of high rank ; a rector, entitled lord rector ; a principal; a fubhas principal ; and a procurator,

who

charge of the funds. The profeffors are of Humanity, Greek, three of Philofophy, Oriental Languages, Civil Law, Divinity, and Medicine. The number offtudents is from 120 to 16. Hector Boethius was the firft principal of the college, and was fent for from Paris for that purpofe, on a falary of 40 merks Scots, or %\. 3s. 4d. fterling.
II. Marischal College and UnirERsirr was founded, and richly en-

dowed, by George Earl Marifchal of Scotland, by a charter, dated. 2nd day

Of April, 1593tion

The

original founda-

and two proPhilofophy but, by fome munificent donations, there have been fince added another profeffbrfhip of is mofs and muir, interfperfed with Philofophy, one of Divinity , and others fmall patches of cultivated land. The for Mathematics, Chemiftry, Medi- only plantations are around Aberdour' cine, and Oriental Languages, and houfs, the elegant feat of Mr. Gordon many buufaries for poor ftudents. The of Aberdour. Two millftone quarbuildings are fituated in the Broad- ries of excellent quality are wrought one on the properftreet of New Aberdeen, and contain, to good account befides lecture rooms for the different ty of the Earl of Aberdeen, and the claffes, the public fchool for the con- other on the property of Mr. Gordon In 1792, the popuferring of degrees, a common-hall, or- of Aberdour. namented with fome fine paintings by lation was 1306 ; decreafe 91 fincc Jamiefon and others; the library, and 1755a parifh in Fifea fmall mufeum of natural hiftory and antiquities. The college alfo con- fliire, forming a fquare of about 3^ tains an obfervatory, well furnifhed miles, lying along the N. bank of the with aftronomical apparatus. The of- Frith of Forth. It is divided into two ficers are, the chancellor; the rector; diftricts, by a fmall ridge of hills, runthe dean of faculties; the regent, who ning from E. to W; of theie the N. is alO- 1 -."feffor _ ? Greek and the diftrict is wet, cold, poorly cultivated,

was

a principal,

fefibrs of

furface is uneven, being formed into three dens or hollows, on the bottom of which run the burns of Auchmcdden, Aberdour., and Troup. Thefc fmall rivulels, at their a;ftuaries into the Frith, form a like number of creeks for boats, at which are built 3 fiihing villages. At the mouth of th< burn of Auchmedden, about 60 years ago, there was a fmall and convenient harbour, (heltered by a pier, where fmall veffels ufed to winter and deliver cargoes ; but, from being neglected, is now totally deftroyed, and the ftones which formed the piers being wafhed into the former baton, it is now with difficulty that fiihing boats can enter, efpecially if there is any confiderabld roughnefs of the fea. Upon a rocky precipice, riling 68 feet perpendicular to the beach of the coaft, is the ruin of the ancient caftle of Dundargue it was a place of great confequenctf in the feudal times, and is noted for a long liege, in 1336, when Henry de Beaumont, the Englifh Earl of Buchan, was obliged to capitulate to Andrew Murray, regent of Scotland, during the captivity of King David Bruce. The foil of the parifh of Aberdour is exceedingly various ; the greater part

ABERDOUR;

principal.

The number

of ftudents

varies

from 120 to 140.

and altogether unfheltered by enclowhile the S. is fertile, and afures

;

a parifh in Aber- griculture is well attended to. The deenfhire, in the diftrict of Buchan. town of Aberdour has a good harIts form is very irregular, extending bour on the Forth, about 10 miles N. along the fhores of the Moray Frith, W. of Edinburgh. It contains about from E.to W., 6\ miles; and from N. 840 inhabitants. The town was a to S.j its greateft extent is nearly 10 ; place of considerable antiquity ; in

ABERDOUR;

ABE
the ittb. century it belonged to the family of the Uiponts ; from which it went to the Mortimers by marriage, and afterwards to the Douglafes one of whom, in 1457, was created Lord Aberdour and Earl of Morton. The nuns, commonly called Poor Clares, had a convent here; and there is an hofpital for four widows, founded by Anne Countefs of Moray. The chief manufacture is of coarfe tickings or checks; and, of late, a fmall manufacture of fpades, fhovels, and other Iron utenfils, has been eftablifhed. The fmall ifiand of Incb-Colm, upon which are the ruins of a monaftery, founded in the 12th century by Alexander I. is in this parifh ; (vide

ABE
borders of this parifh with Dumbartonfhire. The chief of thefe lakes; are Loch Catherine, Loch Ard, and Loch Con; all of which abound with
trout and pike.
diftricl:
is

The

uncommonly
fimilar

fcenery in this picturefque,

and exhibits

grandeur with

that defcribed under the article

Ca^ therine (Loch), Trosachs, and Callander. The chief mountains

are Beni-venonu and Benchocben, which are nearly 3000 feet above the fea level. On the banks of the lakes the foil is early and fertile, but is little cultivated. The hills afford excellent

fheep pafture ; and many of them' are covered with oak woods of great value. The rocks are chiefly com-

The venerable old cafof Aberdour, the property of the Earl of Morton, riling amidft threading trees, ftands on the eaftern border of the pariih, on the banks of a rivulet; which, winding beautifully in front, fhortly falls into the Frith of Forth. Towards the N. of the caftle, is the elegant manfion f Hilljide, commanding different views of the Forth, and exhibiting the richeft and moft The minerals diverfified profpecls.
Inch-colm.
tle

pofed of micaceous granite ; there is plenty of limeftone and coarfe marble, and fome good Hate. Few diftridts in Scotland are better fuited for the refearches of the botanift,
this parifh affords, of

from the variety of rare plants! which which a copious lift is given by Mr. Graham, in

are coal, limeftone, freeflone, and Ironftone, all of which are abundant.

In 1801, the population was 1393;

increafe 113 fince 1792. but im; a fmall, proving village, in the county of Perth. It is fituated on the banks of the Tay, about 6 miles from Kenmore. The

his ftatiftical report. In 1791, the population was 790; decreafe 105 fince 1755. ABERLADY; a parifh in Haddingtonfhire, upon the coaft of the Frith of Forth, about 15 miles E. from Edinburgh. It is watered by the

ABERFELDIE

fmall river Ptffer, which at fpring tides is navigable for veffels of 60 or

fituation is very romantic, furrounded with thick woods of haael and birch, and having the burn of Monefs, on which are the romantic falls of the fame name, gliding by it. There is a thriving muffin manufactory in the Near it is a very complete village. druidical temple. It lies on the great Highland road, 76 miles from Edinburgh.

70 tons about a quarter of a mile from mouth, as far as the village of Aberlady, which, in 1792, contained about 390 inhabitants. Along the fea coaft there is a confiderable extent of fandy links ; above this the foil is
its
;

and early. The middle diftricT: poor and unproductive but towards' the S. there is a fertile bank, extending the whole length of the parifh,*
light
is
;

Gosford, a feat of the Earl of

and

Ralincriejf, a feat of

Wemyfs, Lord Elibank,

was

are the only manfions of note in the

parifh.

a pariih in Perthfhire, 11 miles long, corand 5 broad,- forming the S. ner of the county, and the extreme precinct of the Highlands. It confids of a long valley, and the fur-

ABERFOIL,

or

ABERFOYLE; W.

In 1793, the population

;

about 800
1755*

increafe about 60 fince fituated

in

ABERLEMNO

the
fur-

county of Angus. b\ miles long, and

Its extent is 5 broad.

about

The

forming together a face is various, part being hilly, and great variety of landfcape and moun- covered with heath, while the greater The bottom of the part is flat and fertile. It lies on the tain fcenery. valley is occupied by the beautiful banks of the South Ej% which is fomeexpanfes of water formed by the ri- times apt to overflow its banks. There ver Teithi which has its rife on the are plenty of free and whinftone, and

rounding

hills

ABE
fome excellent
dates.
in

ABE
Neither coal nethy,
the
pariih.

nor lime are found

There

are

two

obeliilcs,

which are

very fine pieces of antiquity ; one in the church-yard, and the other on the road from Brechin to Forfar erected to commemorate the total defeat of the Danes. They are about 9 feet high, covered with rude hieroglyphics. Tumuli are alio to be feen in the pariih ; a few of which have been opened, and were found to contain human bones. In 1792, the population was 1033. Vide Appendix for that of 180/.
;

'

is fuperior. Its government Is veiled in 2 bailies, and 15 counfellors. There is carried on a conhderable manufactory of houfehold linen and Jih-Jias for the Perth market. The pariih of Abernethy is of an irregular

hgure, extending about 4 miles each way. It is fituated a little below the conflux of the Earn with the river Tay. confiderable part of the parifh is fituated in the Ochill hills. The foil on the banks of the rivers is moftly blue clay ; but there is alfo clay of

different colours,

Agriculture

ABERLOUR, em part of the

on the weftcounty of Banff, is nearly of the form of a wedge, being 9 miles long, and 7 broad at the longeft end. It lies on the fouth bank of the river Spey, which contains falmon and
fituated

mixed with fand. yet in its infancy in this diftrict ; but a few enclofures are to be feen. About 25 feet below the furface, and 4 feet below the higheft fpring-tide of the river Tay, is uniformly a Stratum of mofs, with large trees intermixed, from 1 to 3 feet thick.
is

Befides the Spey, it has the The hills and outfield, which we may Fiddich and a few more rivulets, which reckon to occupy one half of the parifh, abound with trout and eel. The foil are appropriated to the rearing of caton the banks of the Spey arid Fiddich tle. There is a fmall ifland in the is flat and fandy ; but towards the midft of the Tay, called Mugdrum's fouth it is hilly, with a deep clay bot- ifle, in this parifh. Befides the rivers tom but both are fruitful. In the Tay and Earn, feveral rivulets water middle of the parifh ftands the hill of the parifh. There are fome excellent Belrinnes, which is elevated 1100 feet falmon fiihings belonging to different above the level of the fea. Few fnineral proprietors. The church is remarkproductions are found in this parifh able for its antiquity ; it is fuppofed and there are no remarkable antiqui- to be the cathedral which was founded ties. Population in 1792, 920. Vide at the time the' town was built. In Appendix for that of 1801. the church-yard is one of thefe towersj an ancient town in of which this and the one at Brechin Perthihire, formerly the capital of the are the only in" Scotland, and which Pictiih kingdom. It is laid to have have puzzled antiquarians to find their been founded about the year 460 of ufe. This one coniifts of 64 courfes the Chriftian era. It was intended as of hewn ftone, laid regularly. The a retreat for St. Bridget, and 9 other height is 74 feet, and the circumference virgins, who w7 ere introduced by St. 48. (Vide Brechin.) Balvaird-caftle Patrick to Nectan I. the Pictiih mo- ftands among the hills, the property narch. Shortly after, it was erected of the Earl of Mansfield. Population into an epifcopal fee, and was the re- in 1792, 1415Vide Appendix for fidence of the metropolitan, if not of that of 1801. all Scotland, at leaft of that part which & KINCARDINE. was fubject to the Pictiih kings, during This united parifh is nearly equally the exiftence of that government. But divided between the counties of Murwhen Kenneth II. King of Scots had ray and Invernefs. It is about t$ miles entirely fubdued the Picts, he tranf- in length, and from 10 to 12 in breadth. lated both to St. Andrews, in the year The furface is partly flat, and partly 518. After this the cathedral of A- mountainous. The foil is as various* bernethy became a collegiate church, Along the banks of the Spey there is and an um-verJHy for the education of a large fpace of meadow ground, liable youth, in the pofiefhon of the Ciddees. to be overflowed by the Spey river. In the year 1273, & became a priory The Nethy is the only rivulet of any or regular canons. The town is a burgh note, which here empties itfelf into of barony, of which Lord Douglas, as the Spey. There are feveral lakes, of reprefentative of the hiirefs of Aber- which Loch A en and Glenmore are
trout.
: ;

ABERNETHY

ABERNETHY

ABE
the chief.
;

AD

The Cairngoram mountain extenfive view of the country, from is in this parifh, celebrated for the the Southefk river to the Frith of topazes found there. (Vide Cairn- Forth. In 1793, the population was goram.) There are fome very ex- about 456. Vide Append, for 1801. tenfive forefts of natural wood, partiABOYNE a parifh in Aberdeencularly the great fir wood of Aber- fhire, compofed of the diftriefs of Anethy, the property of Sir J. Grant boyne and Glentanar. The cultivated and Glenmore wood, the property of part of the pariih extends on both the Duke of Gordon. This wood was iides of the river Dee, about 4 miles the oldeft, and belt quality of any fir in length, and 3 in breadth ; but the wood in Scotland ; and his Grace mountains and foreft of Glentanar exlately fold
it to an Englifh company for io,oool. Befides thefe, there are feveral other fir woods of many miles

Confidering thefe great very probable that the fir woods of this country exceed all the natural fir woods in Scotland put together. The produce of the arable farms is not fufficient for the confumpt of the parifh. number of fheep a;sd black cattle are reared in the hills. There is abundance of freeftone in the parifh ; and moil of the hills are conv pofed of granite. There is an old caftle, called Cqftle Roy, of which there is no fatisfaclorytradition. Caftle Grant, the feat of Sir James Grant, is an elegant feat, in this pariih. Population in 1793-8, 1770. Vide Appen- and has a weekly market and 4 fairs. The foreft of Glentanar is very extendix for that of 1801. a parifh fituated in five, containing excellent oak trees, the county of Perth, amongft thofe from which the Earl draws about hills that rife gradually from the Carfe 500I. or 600I. yearly from his fale of of Gowrie to the top of Dunfmnan. wood. His Lordihip generally refides It is of an irregular oblong form, being in the parifh, of which he is nearly fole miles in length, and 2 in breadth. proprietor. There is a hill on which ,3 The low grounds are light, dry, and there are a number of cairns. Popufertile ; but the more elevated are of lation in 1793, 1050. Vide Appendix a loofe, poor, and gravelly foil ; the for that of 1801. Achilty Loch ; aiake in the patops of the hills are bare and rocky. Confiderable improvements in agricul- rifh of Contin, in Rofsihire, of conture have taken place within thefe 30 fiderable extent. It is noted, that exor 40 years, Lime is much ufed as cept in the time of very high fpeats, 3 manure, and would be more, but there is no vifible running water iliuing the badnefs of the roads prefents a from it, though a great quantity runs great obftacle. Marl was found fome into it. It certainly difcharges itfelf time ago ; but it appears to be now by fubtervaneous paffages into the riexhaufted. There is a remarkable ver Rafay, diftant about a mile. It has fall of water, nearly 60 feet perpendi- an artificial ifland, with the ruins of cular, at the head of a den, which ex- a houfe upon it. tends to the Carfe of Gowrie. Here a Ad a river in Argyllfhire ; has its copper mine was attempted, but with- fource in the marihes, in the northout fuccefs. There are a few cairns ern extremity of the parifh of Glafand druidical circles. Part of the hill fary, and in its courfe through the of Dunfmnan, famous from the refi- muirlands, by the junction of feveral dence of Macbeth, is in this pariih r tributary rivulets, forms a confiderbut the caftle is in the pariih of Col- able body of water. It falls into the lace. King Sent, a part of Dunfmnan fea at Crinan, where there is a falmoa hill, in this parifh, commands a moft fiihery.
in

extent.

forefts, it

is

tend nearly 10 miles further. The foil very fandy and thin, particularly on the banks of Dee, where, in dry feafons, the crop is very fcanty. Among the farmers in general, agriculture is neglecled ; and they employ their fervants too much in cutting and driving wood for fale but Lord Aboyne's own farm is in a ftate of high cultivation indeed, his Lordihip, by his encouragement and example, is beginning to awaken their attention to regular hufbandry. Charleftown of Aboyne is a pleafantly fituated, little town ; a good deal frequented by invalids, for the benefit of the goat whey. It is a burgh of barony, of which the Earl of Aboyne is fuperior,
is
: :

ABERNYTE

'

AIR
; a fmall town in'the paof Baft Monkland, in the county of Lanark, fituated between two rivuJt lets, on a beautiful riling ground. is regularly built, with fine wide Streets, extending nearly a mile in length. It was, by act: of parliament in 1695, erecled into a market town, with the privilege of holding a weekly and 4 annual markets. It carries on a confiderable trade in distillation of malt fpirits. There is alfo an iron fcundery. The population of the town is about 1800. AIRLY a parifh in the county of Angus, extending about 6 miles in

ALF
contain coal and freeStone. There are three ancient towers, at Airth, Dunmore, and Powfouls. The Tower, and firft is called Wallace makes part of the houfe of Airth. There are 3 ferries acrofs the Forth. There is alfo a mineral fpring of great

AIRDRIE

Dunmore

rifti

reputed medicinal virtue.

in

Population

1792, eftimated at 2350. Vide Appendix for that of 1 801. AISLA ; an infulated rock, on the weftern coaft of Scotland, betwixt the Shores of Ayrfhire and Cantyre. It is about 2 miles in circumference, and rifcs to a great height, in a conical ; form. Its top is covered with heath length, and from 3 to 4 in breadth. and grafs. Goats, rabbits, and Sea-fowl, It is fituated partly in the vale of in countlefs numbers, are its only inIt is rented at 30I. per Stralhmore, and partly in the Gram- habitants. pian hills, which bound the Strath on annum of the Earl of Caffillis, the pro* the north. The furface, even of the prietor ; and this rent is paid from lower part, is by no means level. Of folan geefe, the feathers of the feathe 5 900 acres which the parifh is fup- fowl, and the Skins of rabbits. It pofed to contain, 4000 are arable ; the is furrounded with excellent fifhing reft being muir and mofs, and a fmall banks, well ftocked with cod and part occupied by plantation. The other fifh. It has on it a ruinous foil varies from a light fand to a deep caftle, built by the direction of Philip black mould, but is in general pro- II. of Spain, when he indulged the ductive of good crops. There are fe- vain hope of annexing Britain to his veral extenfive moffes in the parifh ; dominions. in moft of which there are inexhauftAle ; a fmall rivulet, which takes ible beds of rock and fhell marl. Airly- its rife from Alemoor loch, on the caftle, the refidence of the Earl of borders of Selkirk and RoxburghAirly, is a fine modern houfe, erected Shires ; and holding a northerly courfe, on the ruins of an ancient caftle of the and joining with other rivulets, falls fame name. It is fituated on a pro- into the Tweed, a little above Kelfo, montory, at the conflux of the rivers It abounds with trout-; and, at SpawnIfla and Melgums, elevated 108 feet ing time, a few falmon are caught in it. above their level. The ancient caftle a parifli in Aberdeen; has been a ftrong fortrefs, fecured on Shire, fituated on the banks of the river the only acceffible part by a deep fofie Don, about 15 miles from Aberdeen. and a draw-bridge. The furrounding Its extent in length is about 8, and in fcenery is very romantic. The caftle breadth about 4 or 5 miles. It conof Balrie is another ruin, of consider- tains 8000 Scots acres, of which there able extent. Population in 1793, 865; may be 4000 arable ; 3000 hill, muir, in j8oi, 1041. and mofs; and 1000 of plantations of AIRTH ; a parifh of Stirlingfhire, oak, larixes, afhes, &x. The arable about 6 miles in length, and 2 in foil lies moftly on the banks of the breadth. The whole parifh is a plain, Don, and is generally a light loam ; with the exception of the hills of tolerably early and fertile. consiAirth and Dunmore. The foil is a derable extent of clay with loamy foil, ftrong clay, abundantly fertile. It is lies in the eaftern part of the parifh. fituated on the banks of the Forth, There are few of the lands enclofed ; and has 3 harbours for fmall veffels. and agriculture is perhaps in as low a On Dunmore hill, a few years ago, in ftate here, as in any part of Scotland. digging, an anchor was found, at leaft The fuel of the country is peat, wood, half a mile from the prefent courfe of turf, heath, Sec. but the trouble of the river. There is a considerable ex- procuring thefe is fo great, that coals tent of plantation of oak, See. in the are now beginning to be brought from parifli. Both the hills of Airth and Aberdeeu. Among the antiquities, we

ALFORD

ALL
may mention two cairns of iinmenfe extent. A man in armour, on horfeet gloria,

ALN
prefented to Thomas 2d Earl of Marr. The gardens are un-

back, was lately dilcovered in one of commonly extenlive and beautiful the mofles, fuppofed to have been and the furrounding park contains drowned in attempting to efcape after about 40 acres of the fineft old trees the battle of the. ad July, 1645, in in Scotland. Farther north than the which the Marquis of Montrofe de- tower is Tullibody, the feat of the fafeated the Covenanters. The battle mily of Abercrombie, where' the late took place in this parifh. Population Gen. Sir Ralph, and Lieut. Gen. Sir in 1793, 663. Vide Appendix for Robert Abtrcrombies, two diftinguimthat of 1801. ed characters in the military memoirs Allan ; a. fmall river in Perth- of Great Britain, were born. Shaw fhire. It takes its rife at Gleneagles, in Park, the relidence' of Lord Cathcart, the parifh of Blackford, and after is alfo in the parifh. The river Devon pafling by Dumblane, falls into the waters the parifh, and falls into the Forth, a little above Stirling bridge. Forth, a little above the town. In Its courfe is rapid. Some falmons are both thefe rivers are great quantities got in it after fummer floods. of excellent fifh ; and feyeral of the ; a burgh ALLOA, or filhings yield a conflderable revenue Population in of the county of Clackmannan, feated to the proprietors. on the Forth, about 27 miles above 1793, 480s.' Vide Appendix for that Leith. It lies in a parifh of the fame of 1801. name, which is about 4 miles long, on ; a river in Almond, or The fituation of the Perthihire, which rifes in the top of a and 2 broad. town is uncommonly beautiful ; and glen in the Grampians, called the Nar-> its harbour is very commodious, re- ro<w Glen. It runs through the paceiving veffels of the greateft burden. ri flies of Monzie andFoulis; and contiIt is a place of conflderable trade, and nuing its courfe between Logie Amon, ihipping. An excellent dry dock has Methven, and Regorton, falls into the been lately erected ; and Alloa has long Tay above Perth, after a courfe of been famous for building fhips. near 18 miles. The banks are rocky, very conflderable quantity of coal is and often prefent to the eye the mod railed in the neighbourhood ; and vef- pictureique fcenery. It pofleffes many fels are expeditioufly loaded at this waterfalls, on a number of which ex r place, from a new waggon-way of lin- tenfive machinery have been erected. large manufac- There are alfo feveral bleachfields wagular conftruction. tory of glafs, an iron foundery, a tan tered by its ftreams. It is celebrated for and tile-work, all increafe the trade a particular ipecies of fine white trout. ALNESS ; a parifh of the county of of the town. Near the town Hands the tower of Alloa, which was built Rofs, fituated on the coaft of the Frith about the 13th century. It is about 90 of Cromarty. Its extent is about iz feet in height, and the walls are 1 1 feet miles in length, and from 2. to 4 in The tower and lands of breadth : contiguous to the fea, and in thicknefs. Alloa were exchanged in 1365, by extending 2 miles up the country, the David II. with Lord Erfkine, for the furface is flat, and the foil arable ; the eft-ate of Stragarthney, in Perthihire. reft of the parifh is mountainous, and Since that time it has been the favou- more fit for pafture. There are two rite relidence of the Erfkine family. beautiful lochs in the parifh, which disIn this reiidence many of the Scottifh charge themfelves by rivulets through There is a princes received their education, while two fine fertile ftraths. under the wardlhip of the Earls of very rich ore of iron, which feems to Marr. The reprefentative of this be of conflderable extent. By analyfis family ftill retains many memorials of it was found to yield about 75 lb. per the affection which fubfifted between cwt. of excellent iron. On the eftate the Stuart and Erikine families ; in of Munrp of Lealdie, a rich vein of particular, the private fignet of Mary, filver ore has alfo been dilcovered. when obliged to defift from wearing Navar, the feat of the amiable Gen. Sir the arms of England ; the child's Hector Munro, is the moft complete chair of James VI. and a feftive chair, and finiflied place in the north of Scotwith the motto on it, foil deo, honor land. Capt. Munro of Feaniniqh lvis,.

ALLOWAY

Am

AL V
alfo a fine feat in the parifli.

ALY
Popula-

few. The roads are bad. Here arc Vide Appendix the ruins of a caftle and chapel, faid tion in 1794, uai. to be built by an Earl of Buchan. for that 'of 1801. ALVA. This little parifli or barony, Population in 179.?, 1070. Vide Apalthough furrounded with the county pendix for that of 1801. ALVES ; a parifh in the county of of Clackmannan, is in fact annexed to the county of Stirling. It extends Moray, containing nearly 21 fquare over a part of the Ochill hills, and the miles. The furface is agreeably unvalley on the banks of the river Devon. even, and the plantations lately made The higheft of the Ochill hills, Ben- out by tke Earl of Moray, will foon inclock, which is about 2420 feet above creafe its beauty. The foil is very ferthe level of the Devon, is partly in this tile, being moftly clay and loam. It is pariih. The fides of the hills are clothed well cultivated, and is well adapted to The road from vvith the richeft verdure, and afford the culture of wheat. pafture to a confiderable number of Elgin to Forres paffes through the paThe arable foil is various, rifh. The parifh had once abundance iheep. part being a rich mould with gravel, of peat mofs ; but it is ail exhaufted, part clay, and part haugh lands, liable and the inhabitants are obliged to purto be overflowed by the Devon. The chafe coals. There are feveral inexlairds of Alva have of late years made hauftibie quarries of freeftone, fit eiout fome young plantations of trees, ther for building or millftones. There which are very thriving. This parifh is a very large cairn in the parifli, near has been diftinguiihed for the great which fome Lochaber axes and other variety of minerals with which it weapons were lately found. PopulaVide Appendix very valuable vein of tion in 1793, abounds. for that of 1801. filver ore was wrought fome time ago ALVIE ; a parifli in the county of and filver to the value of 40,0001. or 5o,oool. was computed to be raifed. Inyernefs, of a very irregular fliape. 13efides the ore, which was exceedingly The inhabited part of it extends along rich, confiderable quantities of native the banks of the Spey and Feffie ; taken malleable filver has been dug out. altogether, about 16 miles in length, Cobalt, arfenic, lead, copper, and iron, and from 3 to 2 in breadth ; but the have alfo been difcovered at the foot mountainous part extends much farThe hills are very lofty, and of the hills. Extenfive veins of coal ther. are now begun to be wrought. There either barren rocks, or covered with has been earned on for more than a heath. The interjacent valleys afford century, in the village of Alva, a ma- excellent pafture. The lower or aranufactory of coarfe ferges and Scots ble foil is light and dry, upon a graIn 1791, the population velly bottom, yielding in fhowery feablankets. was 612. Vide Appendix for that of fons luxuriant crops. There is a final! 1801. lake, which with the other rivers, conALVAH. This parifh is fituated in tain trout ; and the Spey contains the county of Banff. Its length is falmon. The great military road to about 6 miles, and its greateft breadth Fort George from the fouth paffes the fame. The river Deveron divides through the pariih. Here is an artithe parifli in two parts, winding at the ficial cave, 60 feet long, 9 broad, and bottom of a beautiful valley. At one 7 high. It is covered with large flat part the river is contracted, having on ftanes. Some tumuli are alio found.

mi.

each

fide

feet deep.

rugged precipices, about 50 Population in 1793, ion. The fcenery, which is na- pendix for that of 1801.

Vide Ap-

turally picuirefque, is greatly em bellifhed by the proprietor the Earl of

Fife.

The

foil

river

is fertile,

on the fides of the but fubjecb to frequent

ALYTH. The pariih of Alyth is fituated in the county of Perth, on the north fide of the valley of Strathmore. It lies on the north bank of the Ifla,
which
abounds
with
trout.

inundations. As we recede, the furface becomes hilly and barren. The hill of Alvah riles majeftically to a confiderable height, ferving as a land mark to mariners. Agriculture is very little attended to, and enclofures are

The
is it

part of the parifli along the Ifla flat and fertile ; towards the north
is

mountains, which are fituated in this parifh, are covered with verdure, and afford pafture to a
hilly.

more

The

AND
coniiderable number of fheep. The foil is in a particular manner adapted to the culture of fiax, of which a coniiderable quantity is annually raifed. The village of Alyth, which was erected into a burgh of barony by James III. is pleafantly fituated, and carries on a great trade in the linen manufactory. Marl is found plentifully fcattered over the parifh ; andconfideraWe quantities of lime are brought from Dundee (15 miles) for the purpofe of manure. Very extenfive moffes fupply Game is very fuel to the country. plentiful in the heathy muirs, which are fituated on the north fide of the parifh. Mount Blair, with a bafe of 5 miles circumference, rifes in a conical form to the height of 1300 feet. Limeftone abounds in the parifh ; but the want of coal to burn it is an infuperable objection to its ufe. In 1793, the population amounted to 3723. Vide Appendix for that of 1801. Amon, or Amond ; a river in MidLothian, which rifes in the fouth boundary of that fhire ; and after a precipitous courfe nearly north, falls into the Forth at Cramond. fituated nearly in the ; centre of the county of Roxburgh ; ilretches 6 miles in length along the "N. fide of the river Tiviot ; its breadth
fee,

AND
and
ftill

the feat of the oldeft

St.

Scottifh univerfity.

Andrews

is

about a mile in circuit, pleafantly fituated on a bay, into which the rivers Eden and Kenlowie empty themfelves. It was erected into a royal borough by David II. and the confirmation of their
privileges,

colm

II. is ftill

houfe.

by a charter from Malpreferved in the townHere are alfo kept the fiiver

keys of the city. In this place is likewife to be feen the monftrous ax which took off the heads of Sir Robert Spotfwood and other diftinguifhed loyalifts.
a fiege in 1337, while in poffeffion of the Englifh ; but the loyalifts, under the Earls of March and Fife, made themfelves mafters of it in 3 weeks, by the help of their battering machines. It once engaged an extenfive foreign trade. So late as the reign of Charles I. it had 30 or 40 trading veffels. At prefent, the chief manufactures are fail-cloth and ofnaburghs. The harbour is fafe and commodious but not eafily taken when the wind is eaflerly. The univerfity' was founded in 1411, by Bifhop Wardlaw. It confifts of 2 colleges, viz. the United college of St. Salvator and St. Leonard ; and the New, or
;.

The town underwent

ANCRUM

St.

Mary's

college.

Vide

Andrews
its

does not exceed 4 miles. The river Ale runs through the parifh. Both The rivers contain plenty of trout. foil is rich, coniifting of clay and fand ; and in fome places of a loam. There was formerly a great extent of wood in but none of long ftanding the parifh remains, except in the environs of Ancrum-houfe, on the banks of the Ale.
;

retired diftance from all places of fafhionable refort, and, above all, the celebrity of the univerfity, as a fchool of morals and
fituation of St.

(St.)

University of.

The

Andrews,

Several young thriving plantations, by Sir John Scott and other heritors, are now beginning to embellifh the counThe fite of Ancrum-houfe is try. very picturefque. There is plenty of excellent freeftone in the parifh ; and ihell marl has been got in fome of the moffes. The Roman road from York to the Forth paffes through the N. corner of this parifh. There are the remains alfo of a Roman encampment. The barony of Langnewton is annexed to this parifh. The number of inhabitants in 1792, was 1146. Vide Appendix for that of 1801. (St.); an ancient royal, borough, in Fifefhire, once the metropolis of Scotland, an archiepifcopal

ANDREWS

philofophy, renders it, perhaps, the mod eligible place of education for ftudents, which Scotland affords. The ruins of the ancient religious eftablifhments ftill fhew a part of the former magnificence of this ancient city. It may not be improper here to mention 1. The a few of the moil remarkable. cathedral was founded in 1161, and deftroyed in 1559 by the reformers. Its length from E. to W. was 370 feet; that of the tranfept, -322. 2. The chapel of St. Regulus, the fpire of which, rifing 103 feet, is ftill nearly entire ; but the arches and architecture afford undoubted proofs of its great antiquity. 3. The Auguftine priory, founded in 22, by Alexander I. was endowed with immenfe revenues, and extenfive dependencies. 4. The Dominican abbey, founded in 5. The 1274, by Bifhop Wifhart. abbey of Obfervantines, founded by

AND
Biihop Kennedy, and finifhed by his fucceffor Patrick Graham, in 1478 ; and, according to many, a Carmelite Immediately above the monaftery. harbour, ftood the church of Kirkheugh, founded by Conftantine III. who here retired from the cares of royalty and the world, in the habit of an Auguftine monk. On a rock, overlooking the fea, are the ruins of a fortified caftle, built by Bifhop Trail in 1 40 1, with this angular infeription over the gate Hie fnit ecclefia diretla columna fenejlra
Lucidia, thuribulum redolens, campana fonora. The caftle was the refidence of Cardinal Beaton, who was here murdered

ANG
In this hall the parliament formerly fat. The pariih of St. Andrews extend3

about 10 miles
breadth.

in

A confiderable
;

length, and 3 in part of it is

covered with heath

but along the

coaft the foil is fertile, and well cultivated. The population in the town

does not exceed 2000 but the country part of the parifh being populous in. 1793, the number of inhabitants amounted to 4340; in 1801, the return made was 4335. Andrews (St.) University of. This univerfity is the oldeft in Scotland, being founded in 141 1. It formerly confifted of 3 colleges, viz. ift,
;

St. Salvator's, founded in 1458, by James Kennedy, Biihop of St. An2d, St. Leonard's, founded by Lefly and others. The entrance drews. of it is ftill entire ; and the window is in 15 1 2, by Prior Hepburn and, ^d t fliewn, out of which the cardinal St. Mary's, founded by Bifhop John
:

looked, to glut his eyes with the cruel martyrdom of George Wiihart, who was burnt on a fpot beneath. Not many years ago, a fecret apartment was difcovered in the caftle, of a conical figure, cut out of the folid rock. It is about 24 feet high, 18 in circumference at the bafe, and 6 at the top. It was no doubt a place of confinement, where the unfortunate victims periihed ; for feveral cartloads of human bones were dug out of it. It is now ufed as a powder magazine. In the church of St. Salvator is Bifhop Kennedy's tomb, of exquifite workmanfhip. In the top is reprefented our Saviour ; around are angels, with the few years inftruments of the pafiion. ago, fix magnificent filver maces were difcovered within the tomb, exact models of it. One was prefented to each of the other 3 Scots univeriities, and With thefe are 3 are retained here. ihewn fome filver arrows, with filver plates affixed, on which the arms and names of the noble youth, victors in the annual competitions in archery, which were dropt but a few years ago ; and golf is now the favourite In the town church, amufement. which was lately rebuilt, is Bifhop Sharp's tomb, reprefenting the afiaffi nation of that unfortunate biihop on Magus muir. The library is magnificent, and efteemed one of the belt in the kingdom. In it are preferved a number of natural curiofities. On the ground floor is a fpacious hall, where the ftudents are generally examined.

Hamilton, in 1553.

In each of thefe

colleges, theology, philofophy, literature, and other branches of fcience,

were taught by able

profefibrs.

About

the year 1579, under the direction of the celebrated George Buchannan, the

Mary's college being appropriated to divinity, and denominated Divinity, or Nezv College. In 1747, by an act of parliament, St. Leonard's and St. Salvator's were united, under the name of the United College. Thefe two colleges are perfectly diftinct, and independent of one another ; but have the
library in common. Thg.fena.tus academicus, or univerfity meeting, is compofed of the profeffors of both colleges. To this court, in matters of difcipline,

univerfity delled, St.

was completely new-mo-

an appeal

lies

from the fentence of

either college. The profeffors of both colleges are under one chancellor, with The united cola principal to each.

lege has 2 profeffors of philofophy, one of mathematics, of humanity, Greek, logic, civil hiftory, and mediThe new college has profefibrs cine. of Hebrew., ecclefiaftical hiftory, and divinity. The ftudents have apartments in each of the colleges, rent free ; and a public table for the buriars, on the foundation. The feflion lafU about fix months and a half. The annual average number of ftudents at both colleges is about 150.

ANGUS, or FORFARSHIRE. This county and that of Kincardine were

anciently a part of the Pictifli kingdom, and known under the general

AMG
name of Horejiia, or Forejl/a. Upon the extinction of that government by Kenneth II. about the year 518, he divided this diftrict into two mires, and beftowed them on his two brothers, Eneas or Angus, and Mearns
;

ANG
of the almoft needlefs to mention, that the furface has a gradual defcent from the northern parts of the country to the S. In confequence, the lower parts enjoy a fine S. expofure, well flickered from the bleak, cold, northerly winds. The Frith of Tay is every where interfperfed with fand banks, which much increafe the danger of the navigation, from their frequent changes of fituation. To obvirivers,
it is

has been

faid of the courfe

and from thefe brothers, Angus and Mearns received their names. Angusfhire lies on the N. bank of the river Tay, and its boundaries are as follow. OntheNJE. itis bounded bytheNortheik river, which feparates it from Kinfrom the mouth of that cardinefhire river, proceeding S. and W. to the Frith of Tay, the German Ocean forms its boundary on the E. and S. E. the Tay, from Barry fands to the quarry of Kingoody, is its boundary on the S. then it extends in an iri;

two light-houfes are erected on the fands of Barry ; and, from one being made moveable, it can at once be adapted to the changes of the fand. From the mouth of Tay to about 2 miles eaft ofAbefbrothock, the coaft is fandy, with frequent funk diftindt line about 40 miles, as faras the rocks. About 12 miles S. E. of Arfource of Ifla, bordering with Pefth- broath is the dangerous rock, called fhire on the W. and on the N. it is fe- the Bell-rock or Cape, Upon which fd parated from Aberdeenfhire for the many veffels have been lately wrecked. fpace of 26 miles by the Grampian From the place where the fandy mountains, which here are named the more terminates, the coaft becomes Binchinnans. The extent of the whole, bold 2nd rocky, prefenting dreadful from the eaftern coaft to the Gram- precipices to the fea. The rocks are pians, is about 48 miles ; and from every where excavated into extenfive Mount Petie, on the borders of Perth- caverns, into fome of which the fea shire, to the mouth of the Northefk runs a confiderable way. They are The country is di- stbout 20 in number, and are worthy river, about 42. vided in many places by hills of con- the attention of the traveller. The jiderable elevation, forming valleys or Red Head, a well known promontory, glens between them. At the foot of upwards of 200 feet perpendiculars the Grampians lies the valley of Strath- terminates this rocky front. There more, which extends from Dumbar- Lunan bay begins, with a fandy fhore, tonfhire to Aberdeen, nearly the whole and fafe anchorage, for nearly 3 miles. breadth of the kingdom; inAnguslhire It again becomes rocky as far as the this valley is formed- on the S. by the Southefk river ; and from this to the Sidlaw or Sudiaw hills, which divide Northefk, it has a fandy fhore, with it from the lefs elevated part of the funk rocks. Befides the principal harcountry. Beiides Strathmore, there bours of Dundee, Aberbrothock, and are other valleys of lefs note, which Montrofe, there are a few places where very conhreceive their name from the rivers fmall ve'ffets may unload. which run through them ; as Glenifia, derable number of veffels belong to Glen Proffin, Glenefk, &c. Thefe are thefe ports, which are moftly employed the chief rivers, but there are many in bringing flax and hemp from the Balothers which deferve notice ; as Mel- tic, and in exporting fail-cloth and gums, Canity, Moran, Lunan, Elliot, brown linens, the chief manufacture All the rivers of the of the county, and the fuperabundant Dich'ty, &c. county arife in the northern parts produce of the farms. As fail-cloth and all (except Ifla, which runs W. in is the ftaple manufacture, the increafed the valley of Strathmore, to fall into demand in time of war for that article Tay,) empty themfelves into the Ger- is very advantageous to the county man Ocean, towards the S. and E. and peace, which is fo defirable to the There are a few lochs in the county ; re -eftablifhment of other manufactures, but as none are of any remarkable ex- is the caufe of almoft a total ftagnation Angusfliire tent, they will come more properly to of the trade of this (hire.
ate this difficulty,

be defcribed
rilh

in the account of the pato which they belong. From what

contains 5 royal boroughs, viz. Dundee, Arbreath, Montrofe, Brechin,

ANG
vnih the fmall towns of Kirriemuir, which arc all employed in the linen manufacture. It contains alio 53 parifhes, in many of which a confiderable quantity of cloth is made. The foil of the low country is various, but generally fertile. Agriculture is much attended to, and making rapid ftrides to improvefind Forfar,

ANN
diftance

and expence of

coals, render's

of the advantages which might accrue from this mineral. Lead has been found in one place, but in very inconfiderable quantity. vein of lilver ore was once opened in the parifh of EfTay ; but to fo little advantage, that it is now no longer wrought. Pebbles, porphyry, and jafper, with .a ment ; and the encouragement which few cornelians, are perhaps the only the farmers receive from their land- mineral fubftances of any value to be lords, is every where producing en- met with, if we except marl, which is clofures, by ftone fences and ditches. found in moft of the lochs. Many The produce in wheat and barley is years ago, pearls of confiderable fize generally far more than fufficient for were found in the Southeik ; but of the confumpt of the county ; but it, late they have become more rare. The in moft feafons, requires a fupply of animals are common to other parts of oats. There are a number of black Scotland ; and the county is well fupcattle reared in the county, many of plied with fifh. Upon the whole, for which are annually purchafed by the trade, agriculture, and ornamented fouth country drovers. few fheep furface, it can vie with almoft any are reared on the mountains. There county in the kingdom. The valued is little wood of great age in the coun- rent of the county is ftated in the ty, except in the neighbourhood of county books at 171,6361.; and the fome ancient feats ; but a number of real land rent is eftimated at i22,cooL very fine young plantations of larix Population in 1791, 91,964; in 1801* and Scots fir are lately laid out on al- about 97,778. moft every eftate. The inhabitants on a royal borough in Dumthe coaft are well fupplied with Eng- friesfiiire, and capital of the diftrict of liih and Scots coal ; but in the more Annandale. It is lituated near the difinland parts, peat, turf, and furze, charge of the river Annan into the form the principal fuel. There are Solway Frith. It is one of the moft many molfes of confiderable extent. ancient towns in Scotland, having reThe whole county is interfperfed with ceived its charter from Robert Bruce, fine feats of nobility and gentry; a few who was lord of Annandale, before his of the moft remarkable are, Brechin- acceffion to the ScottiQi throne. The caftle and Panmure-houfe, the chief houfes are decent, and well built. feats of the- Hon. W. R. Maule, the There was a fine caftle built here by greateft proprietor in the county ; E- the Bruces, the ruins of which ftill thie-houfe, the feat of theEarl of North- remain. There is a bridge of 5 arches elk ; Glammis-caftle, of the Earl of over the Annan, at this place. FormStrathmore Kinnaird, of Sir D. Car- erly this town carried on a very connegie, the lineal defcendent of the fa- fiderable trade in wine, and annually mily of Southeik; Airly-caftle, of Lord exported nearly 15^000 bolls of corn. Airly ; Roflie-caftle, of Hercules Rofs, The mouth of the river forms an exEfq. Belmont, the feat of the late cellent harbour, having water fuffiLord Privyfeal beiides which, Lind- cient to permit veffels of 250 or 300 fay of Boyfack and Kinblythmont, tons to approach within half a mile Guthrie of Guthrie, Rait of Arnifton, of the town ; and veffels of 60 tons Dempfter of Dunnichen, Gardyne of can come up as far as the bridge. The Ivliddleton, Lyell of Kinordie, Guthrie burgh pofieffes extenfive burgh-roods of Craigie, Graham of Fin tray, Hen- and commonties. Its revenue, arifing derfon of Lawton, Ogilvie of Clova, from fifheries, tolls, and feu-duties, is Fotheringham of Powrie, and a great about 300I. fterl. per annum. cotmany others, poffefs beautiful villas ton manufactory has lately been eftaand ornamented_eftates in the county. blifhed on a fmall fcale. The popuAngusihire poffeffes very few valuable lation of the town is about 1620. minerals. Freeftone abounds in moft The parifh of Annan is about 8 parts of the county, and there are fe- miles in length, and from 1 to 3 iri veral limeftone quarries; but the great breadth. The furface is moftly level*

Glammis and

void

many

ANNAN;

ANN
and the foil a rich clay. There are fame tracks of heath-covered muir ; but thefe are very trifling. The tides of the Annan, and the elevated part of the parifh, are ornamented with itripes of planting. There is a falmon fiihery on the river, which lets at about Several turnpike 32ol. per annum. roads interfect the parifh, viz. from Dumfries to Carliik, from Annan (town) to Edinburgh, Sec. Limeftone, granite, and freeftone, abound in the
appearance.
in

ANT
the
diftrict,

There are feveral lochs which abound with

Coal and lime are found in considerable quantity. From having been a Roman province, it abounds with
rifh.

Roman

ftations

and

antiquities.

Part

of Severus's wall, the

camps of Birreus

and Brunfwick, and the remains of a great military mad, are eailly and distinctly traced.

The ruin of the caftle of Auchincafs, once the feat, of Randolph the regent, covers an acre of Population in 1793 in the ground, and fall conveys an idea of parifh. the ftrength and extent of the building. whole parifh, ijco. Annan; a river which takes its The caftle of Hoddam, and of Comrife in the mire of Peebles, and runs longan, are in tolerable prefervation ; fouthward through that diftrict of but, except thefe, all the forts and Dumfriesfhire to which it gives its towers erected on this part of the name. Its banks are highly fertile and border are in ruins. An nat, or Cam bus ; a fmall rivuornamented, and its beautiful meanderings add much to the romantic ap- let in the parifh of Kilmadock, county pearance of the furrounding fcenery. of Perth. It joins the Teith at the It difcharges itfelf into the Solway church of Kilmadock, and is remarkFrith, after a courfe of nearly 30 miles. able for numerous cafcades, and romantic banks. It abounds with falmon, and other fifh in great variety. a ALE ; a ftewartry cr dis- royal burgh, in the county of Fife, being little more than a paltry fulling trict of Dumfriesfnire ; anciently was a part of the Roman province of Va- village, containing about 1070 inhabiThe pariih is fmall, and the It became a lordftiip under tants. lentia. the Braces, who took their title from foil fandy and unproductive. Weftit. About the year 13 71, upon the ward, and adjoining to it, lies demife of David II. fon of Robert, it WESTER, alfo fell into the hands of Randolph Earl a royal burgh, conftituted in 1583, of Murray, regent during the minority with reprefentation in parliament, of David ; and, with his fifter Agnes, which it ftill enjoys. The pariih does unbars, Earls of not contain more than 600 acres ; and it went to the March. After their forfeiture, it fell the burgh is a finall village, containing to the Douglaffes, who loft it by the not more than 370 inhabitants. Antoninus' Wall; the barrier fame fate. It is now a Marquifate, in Lochmaben- which the Romans erected to protect the Johnftone family. their conquefts in the fouthern parts caftle was the chief fort in this diftrict and when, from its vicinity to the of Scotland. It was conftructed by borders of England it was expofed to Lolliiis Urbicas, the lieutenant of the hoftile attacks, it was deemed alrrioft Emperor Antoninus, about the year impregnable. Annandale is a fertile J38, to connect the chain of forts, vale, lying on both fides of the Annan, formerly erected by Agricola, between It about 25 miles long, and 14 broad. It the Friths of Forth and Clyde. is bounded on the N. by the ihires of confifted of a ditch from 12 to 15 feet Lanark and Peebles ; on the W. by wick, the wall being formed of the Nithfdale on the S. by the Solway earth thrown up in making the ditch. and on the E. by Elkdale. In a few of the molt expofed iituaFrith From its vicinity to the borders, and tions it was built of (tone. It afterthe continual predatory excurfions to wards received the appellation of which it was expofed, the greateft part Graham's dyke, from a chieftain of

ANNAND

ANSTRUTHER EASTER;

ANSTRUTHER

i.

uncultivated, and common ; but, within thefe 50 years, from the division of the commons, the enclosures, and the great improvement of the roads, it has aflumed a very different

was

that name who firft broke through it. This wall, the monument of Roman

ufurpation,

is

now

nearly demoliihed

by the ploughihare ; and we may fairly apply to it the celebrated words of

APP
the Roman poet, <* Ov n Troia ft: it,"

APP
eft,
.

ANWOTH

Jam feg&s
1 1

ubl

Ep

x o l .t

a paiiftl in the ftew-

Its extent is artfy of Kirkcudbright. about 6k miles in length, and 3^ in breadth. The river Fleet runs on the borders of the pariih for 7 miles, and the fea bounds it on the S. for a| or

3 miles.

The

fea coaft a

not affording
ping.
ever,
is

is very rocky, harbour to any fhip-

of the Fleet, hownavigable to veffels of 50 tons for 3 miles, as far up a-s Gatehoufe of Fleet, a village in the pariih of Girthon. The furface has in general a hilly appearance ; one of the hills, Cannkarrab, riling to the height of 1 100 feet above the level of the fea. The foil is, from the nature of the furface, more fitted for plantations and pafture, than tillage ; but, a few fpots near the fea are arable, and produce The Fleet yields falexcellent crops. jnon, and river trout ; but the fiihery is not fo productive as formerly. There is a bridge over the Fleet at Gatehoufe, and a final! village has been ere<Sed on the Anwoth tide of the river. There are feveral relics of antiquity in the pariih, of which the tower of Rufco, and caftle of Cardonefs, are the chief. They are both iituated on the banks of the Fleet, and are of very ancient erection. On the top of a hill is one of rhefe ltructures, which have been denominated i'it'lifted'forts. The top of the hill is about 300 feet above the fea, and is ftrewed with fragments of (tone {fc/jiftujj, twitted, and bearing all the marks of fuiion. Population in 1793,

The mouth

495-

a river in Aramongft the mountains, at the back of the burgh of Inveraray, and takes its courfe through rugged and uneven ground, moftly covered with natural forefts, forming feveral fine cafcades. After emerging Inverffrom the mountains, itaifumes, as well ly Situated on Loch Creran. as the furrounding grounds, a more cadle-houfe, the .feat of Macdonald of and near pleafing appearance, being formed in- Glencoe, is a fine building to beauty by the hand of art and of the top of Loch Eil, is a good houfe^

Aoreidh,

or

Arat;

gyllfhire.

It rifes

on the mainland of Argyllshire, Lifmorc but as Lifmore is an ifland, it has been thought more proper to confider them feparately. The extent of Appin i3 not afcertained but it cannot be eftimated at lefs than jo miles in length, and on average 10 in breadth. Like the greater part of Argyllfiiire, there is more attention paid to fheep farming than agriculture, although many parts of Appin are arable. Glencoe, the fcene of a tranfaction which will ever tarnifh the memory of the perpetrators, is in this diftricr ; ( vide lencoe). Through this glen runs the water of Coe (the Cona of Fingal), which abounds with trout. Befides this river, the diftrict is watered with the rivulets Coinich, Durror, Baliycheliih, Laroch, and Leven. There are feveral freih water lakes, and extenfive arms of the fea, which bear the name of lochs, viz. Loch Linnhe, Loch Creran, Loch Eil, and Loch Leven, There are feveral appearances of lead minesmthe diftricr, butnonehave been wrought to any extent. Black and white marble are found in different pails. At BaUycheliih, near the head of Loch Leven, is a quarry of very fine blue flate, of which great quantities are exported to Leith, England, and even America. Limeftone alfo abound*? in the parifh. Near Appin-houfe, the property of the Marquis of Tweedale, are feveral enormous blocks of quartz, which had been detached from the mountains. Caftle-Stalkir, a ruin of great beauty, Hands upon a fmall ifland in Loch Linnhe. On an ifland in Loch Leven, are the ruins of a chapel, dedicated to St. Mungo. Glencoe, the birth place of Offian, and the neighbouring mountains, recal to our remembrance his defcription " of the days that are paft." Airds, the feat of Mr. Campbell of Airds, is pleafantdiftricr,

lately united to the pariih of

tafte.

The

lawn, the

forefts, the fur-

rounding mountains, the rapid ftream, and the princely edifi.ee of the caftle of Inveraray, forming at once a grand and delightful fcene. Its courfe does not exceed 9 miles, when it falls into the ocean at the head of Lochfyne. APP IN; an extensive Highland

the occaiiona! refidence of of Loch-eil. Population of

Cameron Appin in

1792, 2425.
ihire,

a pariih in Rofsmiles along the coaft. Its furface is mountainous. and rocky ; yet, between the hills, which are covered with heath, an4
;

APFLECROSS

extending at

leaft 25

ARB

ARD
m ARBUTHNOT

dreary to the eye, are beautiful and of the fea bathing. Population in In thefe the foil is va- i 793j 1055 I fertile valleys. 1801, 1050.' rious ; but fome are rendered almoft a parifh in Kin; inacceffible from 'the fteep precipices cardinefhire, of an irregular triangular of the furrounding mountains. From form, nearly 5 miles in length. Its the rugged appearance of the country, furfa.ee is unequal, having 2 valleys it cannot be fuppofed that agriculture with their correfponding ridges. In Breeding of one of them runs the water of Rervie, is much attended to. cattle is the principal employment of whofe banks are very picturefque, the farmer. Game of all kinds abound beautiful, and adorned with the elein the hills, and the fea contains plen- gant mailfions of Arbuthnot and Al, ty of almoft all kinds cf nfh. The ri- lardyce. The foil is various; part vers, of which Firdon and Applecrofs being a ftrong clay, with a moift cold are the chief, abound with trout and bottom, and part being light and dry. falmon. few natural and artificial Vifcount Arbuthnot is the principal Subterranean cavities, with the remains heritor. There are excellent freeftone of a Danifh dun or fort, form all the quarries. few pebbles, and fome curiofities worth notice in the parilh. green jafpers, are Sometimes to be met There is a rich copper mine in the with. There are alfo 2 or 3 weak northern diftrict of the pariih, and a chalybeate fprings. The roads are limeftone quarry of excellent quality. very bad in the parifh, which prefents Number of inhabitants in 1793, 1734.' a grand obftacle to agricultural imAPPLE a parifh frtuated provement. The celebrated Dr. Ar; on the banks of the Annan, in the dis- buthnot, the intimate of Pope and trict of Annan dale, county of Dum- Swift, was a native of this parifh. In fries. Its greateft extent in length may 1 79 1 the population was 1041. be about 6, and its greateft, breadth Arc haig Loch ; a frefh water nearly 5 miles. The lands of the pa- lake, in the county of Invernefs. It rilh are in general good, efpecially on is 16 miles long, and i-f. broad. It is the banks of the Annan, and the Dryfe, of great depth, and abounds with fe-, the waters another fmail river, which yeral kinds of trout. It difcharges it; pari{b. Lime is ufed very much as a felf by the river Archaig into Loch manure, and commonly produces good Lcchy, which is about a mile diftant, crops. The great read from Carlille Ard Loch; a lake in the parifh. to Glafgow and "Edinburgh paffes of Aber-foyle, in Perthihire. It is the' through this pariih. Sir W.' Jardine laft of a chain of lakes, through which of Applegarth is the principal heritor, the river Forth paffes, at a fhort disand commonlyi refides at his feat in tance from its fource, and which conr the parifh. Population in 1792, 74 1 tribute to form it into a river. At the lower extremity of Loch Ard, it ARAY. Vide Aoreidh. a fmall parifh in burns forth with great magnificence, Angus-fhire, extending about 4 miles over a rock near 30 feet high. The in length, and 3 in breadth. It extends lake is finely ferried with natural along the fea coaft for about 2 miles, woods, and furrounded by high moun? where the foil is fandy, and very early. tains. The extent is about 3 miles Contiguous to this, it becomes a rich in length, and 1 in breadth. loam, ,capable of producing almoft MUCKAIRN, any crop. The little river Elliot runs a parifh in Argylifhire, about 24 miles through the parifh, in the bottom of a in length, and on an average 20 in deep den, the fides of which are very breadth. The furface is mountainous* romantic. The ancient and deferted and appropriated to the fheep-walk. caftle of Kelly, belonging to the Pan- Very little is under crop. In the mure family, has been much admired valleys are feveral rivers, abounding for its romantic iituation. There are with trout. The moft confiderable are, the Aw, the Kinlofs, and the feveral mineral wells in the parifh but one in particular, a ftrong chaly- Etie. Beinn Cruachan, one of the beate, is much reforted to, not only higheft hills in Scotland, is in this paon account of its own virtues, but alio rifh; (vide Cruachan.) LochEtive, from its vicinity to the fea, which an arm of the fea, is a fine fheet of wagives the valetudinarians the advantage ter, with ornamented banks. In this,

GARTH

ARBIRLOT;

ARDCHATTAN&

AR D
of Beregun'ium, which was for many ages the capital of Scotland, faid to have been founded by Fergus II. Tradition reports, that this city was deftroyed by fire from heaven. In confirmation of this tradition, we may mention, that a high hill in the immediate neighbourhood, has much the appearance of a volcano ; and in moft places, put mic& und/coria; of different kinds, are
diftrict

ARD
city

ftood the celebrated

There which

It is gein great quantities. nerally believed by rnineralogifts, that pumice ftone is a certain indication of

dug up

Thcfe circumftances volcanic fire. tend ftrongly to prove this hill to be The rocks are an extincl: volcano. inoftly of that kind called pudding ftone. There is ftill (landing a part of the walls of an old priory, founded in the 13th century ; and the druidical monuments are fo numerous, that it would be almoft endlefs to enumerate them. Ardmucknage, the feat of Major Duncan Campbell of Lochnell, is "the only manfion of any note in the Population in 1793, 2350. diftricf. ARDCLACH. This pariih lies on each fide of the river Findhorn, in the extremity of the county of Nairne. It is a hilly, mountainous diftrict, extending in length 12, and in breadth 7 miles ; moflly covered with heath, and here and there a few clumps of There is little arable land in trees. the parifh ; and even that is very poor. Attempts have been made to difcover limeftone, but without fuccefs. From the poverty of the foil and of the inhabitants, there has been little im-

only one piece of antiquity this is a ftone is worth notice about 6 feet high, and 3 bread, fuppofed to be creeled in memory of Population in 1792, fom.e chieftain. including Fort George, 1298. or ISLE ; a diftrict in Rofsfhire and Cromarty, containing 8 parjflie.s, which form a peninfula. It has received that name from being inoftly a black uncultivated muir. The pariflies are, Avoch, Rofemarky, Xillearaan, Urquhart, Kirkmichatl, Kilmuir Eafcer, Kincardine, and' Logic The ridge ot hills, called Mulbuy, extends nearly the whole length of 'the diftrict. an extenfive parifh. of Argyll, and Invernefsfhires, being formed by the annexation of 5 feveral pariflies, under this general name. Its extent may be reduced, taking one diftrict with another, to the fuperficies of a fquare of 20 miles, comprehending about 273,280 acres; of which it is fuppofed 200,000 are land. Part of the parifh is a peninfula, formed by two arms of the fea, called Loch Sunart and Loch Sheil ; in the laft of which is a beautiful little ifiand, named St. Finan, where formerly a church was erected. The Rn, or extremity of the peninfula above mentioned, is the moft wefterly point of the mainland of Great Britain, and the moft remarkable head-land, from Cape Wrath to the Mull of Kintyre, between
is
:

ARDMEANACH,

BLACK

ARDNAMURCHAN

which it is eentrically fituated. A minute description- of fo extenfive a diftrict: cannot be expected* Its genemuirs, mountains, are not of the firft order ; few being elevated above the height of 2700 feet: but there are feveral which approach to to that elevation. Mingary-caftle, caftle Tioram, Mor-ir-houfe, and a few other buildings, are in a ruinous ftate. About 700I. worth of wood is cut down annually, and fold by roup. Lead mines are wrought annually at Strontian, to the value of 4000I. In thefe mines a new mineral was lately difcovered, the properties of which were analyfed by Dr. Hope, profeffor of chemiftry in Edinburgh ; who diftinguifned it by the title of Jlrontites. It refembles barytes very much in appearance ; but its chemical qualities
ral
is

provement

in

agriculture.

few

appearance
lakes.

black cattle and fneep are reared in the parifh. There is plenty of mofs, which Supplies the people with fuel. The Findhorn contains falmon and trout. The population in 1797, was 1186.

and

The mountains

ARDERSIER.

This parifh

lies in

the county of Invernefs. Its length is 24 miles, and its breadth the fame. Its furface is fiat, with a few eminences. Towards the fea it is bold and rocky, being nearly 100 yards perpendicular. The foil is various; but generally fertile, except clofe by the fhore, where it is fandy. Agriculture is little attended to. The vicinity of Fort George, which is lituated in this pariih, affords a ready rnarket for the produce of their farms.

are different in

many

refpects.

The

APvD
tfLianate

ARG
coats.)

of barjtes

communicates a

There

are

fome remains ot

blue colour to flame, while that of Jtrantltes (the new mineral) commuIt is alfo nicates a deep red colour. lighter than the baryies, and is geneIt is not conrally of a greeniih hue. vertible into a lime nor does- it efferveice with acids. Near thefe mines are found beautiful fpecimens of talc, Population of garnets* aibeilos, &c. the whole diftrict in 1790-8, 4<42.
,;

a fmall village in the ; parifh of Muthil, in Perthihire. Near it is the molt complete Roman camp that remains in Scotland. It was probably eftabiifhed during the fourth campaign of Agrieola, in the year 48. It is 1060 feet in length, and 900 in breadth ; and it could contain a 6,000 men, according to the ordinary distribution of the Roman foldiers in their encampments. There appears to have betn 3 or 4 ditches furrounding the camp, ftrongly fortified. The 4 entries croffing the lines, are ftill diftin&Iy to be feen. The general's quarter rii'es above the level of the camp, hut is not exactly in the centre. It is a regular fqusre of 20 yards, enclofed with a ftone wall, and containing the foundation of a houfe, 30 feet

ARDOCH

hill in the of this parifh. The ruins or the caflie of ArdrofTan, fhew it to have been a place of great extent. The popolation in 1 792, was eftimated at 1520. Ardstinchar, or Stinchar; a river of considerable ir/.c, which takes its rife in the eaftern part of Ayrfhire. It continues a very rapid courfe for the fpace of 26 or 27 miles* till it falls into the Atlantic, at Ballantrae ; near which village is a falmon fifhery, which rents at about iool. a year.

Banifh encampments, on a

N.

fide

20. There is a fubterraneons commsmication with a fmaller encampment, at a fhort diftance, in which fe- many engagements. The deeds of veral helmets, fpears, Sec. have been Fingal and his heroes, were moftly at* found. From this place the great chieved in this diftrict ; and many moRoman highway runs eaft to Bertha, numents of the remoteft antiquity, about. 14 miles diftant, where the Ro- ftill remain to demonftrate the warlike man army pafled over the Tay into fpirit of the former inhabitants. In Strathmore. this diftrict the feudal fyftem remained ARDROSSAN; a parifb in Ayr- longeft unaltered. The chieftain, perfhire, extending along the weftern haps net fo much the mafter as the coaft in length about 6 miles, and a- father of the family, upon the fmalleft bont 4 in breadth. The furface is a alarm of invafion, could fummon all mixture of hilly and flat country, in his dependents and relations to his molt places fit for the plough ; though ftandard. They attended, not with even the beft lands of the pariih are the fame fentiments as a fervant would under pafture. The foil is capable of the commands of ,a mafter, but they but agriculture loved him with an enthufiafm, which great improvement is rather neglected. The foil is loamy, made them cheerfully undergo any \vith a mixture of fand ; and jn fame trouble and fatigue. This fort of places it is a ftrong deep clay. There princely command was often the caufe are-few enclofures. There is annually of great inconvenience. The ambition, a great quantity of fea weed thrown the wants, or the quarrels of a chief, upon the coaft, wliich affords excellent was fuflicient to embroil the neighmanure. Lime and coal are found in bourhood in war. In thefe difputes the great abundance. The town of Salt- weakeft party was obliged to fubmit coats is very curioufiy fituated, being who lay quiet, only till time or oppartly in this parifb, and partly in the portunity enabled him to take the field parifh of SlevcmTown ; (vide Salt- againft his antagonift. At this time Ar;

hy

anciently called ; Argathalia, is laid to have been a part of the ancient Caledonian kingdom, while the Romans and Piets were poflelljon of the greater part of Scot-, land. It extends about 114 miles inlength, and 43 in breadth, excluding the ifles. It contains 2 royal boroughs, and 49 parifhes. It is divided into 5 districts, viz. Kintyre, Knapdale, Cowal, Lorn, and Argyll Proper.; bounded on the S. by the Iriih fea and the Clyde on the E. by Perth and Dumbartonfhires ; on the N. by Invemefs-fhire ; and on the by the Atlantic ocean. Argyllshire was much infefted, in ancient times, by predatory intruders, and was in confequence the fcene of

ARGYLLSHIRE

W.

ARG
feemed by no means to form a part of the kingdom of Scotland. The Macdonald's of the Ifles, having fubdued the neighbouring chieftains by their powerful elan, aflumed regal
pvlllhire

ARG

authority, held parliaments, and enacted laws. Robert Bruce, upon being eftabliihed on his throne, immediately endeavoured to bring them under fuberdination. He travelled into that part

fheep, the heaths with game, and thuf bowels of the earth teeming with the wealth of copper, iron, and lead mines, we mayanticipate, at no great dhtancc, the time when Argyllshire wiUbecoine a great commercial county. But, notwithftandmg thefe advantages, die
obltacles to
al.

Highlands labour under many great improvement. The warn* of leafes is one of the moft materi-

of his dominions, fubjjected the rebelli-

ous

clans,

and curbed

their difpoiition,

by building them ftrong

en.
iri

fortrefTes,

and placing

in

garrifons.

From this

time

the clannifh attachment began to flack-

The Highlanders were employed theEngliih wars, and the chieftains taxed their dependents, to procure the luxuries of the low country, and to defray the expence of attending upon
their fovereign.

the

new mode of

This innovation, and life which was intro;

ties of frieudihip and, to enforce obedience, it became requisite to have recourfe to penal laws. Thus was the feudal deipotifm eftabliflied, which enabled every baron to puniih his vafials at his pleafure, without trial, or without redrefs. To remedy this Migrant evil, juries were afterwards introduced but the irtfiiaence of the chief was fufHcientto bias their conduct. In ihort, till parliament reformed this defpotic fyftem in 1748,

duced, dhTolved the

by aboliihing thefe abominable jurisdictions, gibbets were erected on every feudal eftate,.and on thefe the vaffals
were executed without remorfe. Since
the reformation of thefe abufes, the Weftern Highlands, and Argyllfhire in
particular, are wonderfully improved. Protection to property, and liberty to

When a man, upon taking a'fanra 9 obliged to build himfelf a halt, and, after all, holds his farm from year to year, on the precarious tenure of his laird's pleafure, what inducement can he have to improve his land by manure or enclosure : When he alio reflects that his rent, wliich this year he is with difficulty able to pay, may next year be nearly doubled; liow can fuch a dependent afford the neeefary expence of fuch improvement \ Yet this fyfteiri, evidently lb detrimental to the infertile, alike of the landlord and the tenant, is very generally followed, not only in Argyllshire, but in moft parts of the Highlands. Should proprietors at length fee their own iatcrefts, and grant leafes of cmfiderable length, and either build houfes for the tenants, or encourage them to do fo, by paying the extra expence at the termination of the ieafe, their land'* would be improved, and become more valuable; their rent-roll would be considerably augmented; they would have furer payments of their rent ; and the tenants would enjov fome of the comforts of life, to which, as fellow-men, they are entitled. For more particuis

lars
it

on

this interesting Subject,

would be

foreign to

winch our work to

the vaffai, has introduced that emulation,

and agricultural improvement,

will "ultimately render Argyllperhaps one of the molt valuable The provinces of the Britifh ifles. fill-face of this county is, like the other parts of the Highlands, mountainous, bleak, and uncomfortable to the view covered with heath, and in fome places exhibiting rugged and bare rocks, piled on one another in dreadful diforder. The coa't is rocky ; but warned on all iides by the fea, and indented with can by no means be compenfated by navigable bays and lakes ; it affords the gains of a few individuals. To fafe harbours for Shipping. The lakes banilli that hardy race, by which our abounding with myriads of all forts fleets are manned, and our battles of fiih, the mountains affording pailure fought, is furely a national lofs ; and> to numerous herds of black cattle and it mutt be a Serious misfortune to any
shire,

which

enter too minutely upon, we muff, re" Dr. Smith's agricultural furvey of Argyllihire." Another great obstacle to improvement, may be found in a practice lately become very common, viz. the introduction of fheep, and the conversion of many Small farms into one extenfive {beep-walk. By this fyftem, j?, or 14 families are thrown out of their nfual line of employment, and the greater numlvr obliged to -emigrate. The public lofs
fer to

APvN
diftrfd, to have its

ARR
di-

expofed to the great variations of ihe weather. There is one quarry of good moor-ftone, which is fufficient for all the building in the parifh. Three counties join in this parifh, viz. Perth, Kinrofs, and Fife. The number of inhabitants in 1745, was 736; fince which period, they have decreafed to 554, which is the number in 1790. an ifland, lying in the ; Frith of Clyde, between. Ayrfhire and Kintyre. It was by the Romans' callfitable. " Their forefathers," laid he, ed Glotta, or Glotta JEJluarhmi. Its " got and fecured my eftate by their form is in fome degree oval, and exblood and their lives, and, I think, tends from N. to S. nearly 24 miles, they have a natural claim to a fhare and from E. to W. about 14. It is of it." But, behdes the injury to po- probable that this ifland was of confipulation, f beep-walks totally prevent derable importance in very ancient cultivation. No country can become times. There are many traditions of and, what is Firigal, who is fuppofed to have here ilch by pafturage alone worfe, if the prefent fyftem is followed, enjoyed the pleafures of the chafe that ground which has been refcued and many places retain his name. It from its wildnefs by the labour and was ceded by Donald Bain to the Norinduftry of ages, will fliortly return to wegian invader Magnus ; but recoits former ftate and, though the rents, vered from Acho his fucceffbr, about which have been confiderably raifed the year 1264. It then became the at firft by the introduction of fheep, property of the crown. Robert Bruce will, from want of improvement, again retired here during his diftreffes, folfall, but can rife no higher. num- lowed by his faithful vaffals. About ber of iflands are attached to this the year 1334, it formed part of the county, of which the chief are, Tyrie, eftate of Robert II. fteward of ScotColl, Mull, Ilia, Jura, Staffa, Icolm- land. James III. when he matched kill, Sec. which will be feverally de- his lifter to Lord Boyd, created him Argyll Earl of Arran, and gave the ifland for fcribed under each article. gives the title of Duke and Earl to the a portion. On his difgrace, it was bechief of the family of Campbell, the llowed on Sir James Hamilton ; and moit powerful of the Scottiih nobility. in the Hamilton family it ftill remains. The county is moftly peopled with The coaft is in many places indented In particular, this clan ; and many gentlemen have with various harbours. feats here, who count themfelves allied at the S.E. quarter, is the beautiful to the Duke. Argyllfhire fends one and commodious harbour of Lamlafh, member to parliament, who is gene- covered by an iflet, where 500 veflela To the northrally a near relation of the Duke. The may ride at anchor. valued rent of Argyll is 149,595!. 10s. ward of Lamlafh is Loch Ranfa, anScots, and the real rent 112,7521. fter- other fpacious harbour, but inferior ling. In 1791-8, the population of the in extent and fafety to Lamlafh. The whole county, including the iflands, face of the country is rugged and
minifhed ; for, it is certain, that if induftry be properly directed, the riches and profperity of any country muit be in proportion to its population. For the honour of Argyllfhire, we may mention that this practice is not followed by every proprietor. Dr. Smith, in his Survey, reports the following reply of a Highland chieftain, who was advifed to remove his people, and put his land under iheep, as more pro-

number much

ARRAN

amounted to 76,101.

mountainous.
is

Goatfield,

or

Gaoil-

ARNGASK
lar,

parifh

nearly circu-

bbchi, the higheft hill, rifing

1840 feet

having a diameter of about 4 miles.

foil is

above the level of the

fea, is nearly jn

fome of the the center of the ifland. The other hills it is light and {hallow ; but many principal mountains are Beinbarran, fields are rich and fertile, and capable Cunmacallacb, and Grinnanathol. The cf producing aimofc any crop. The Cock of Arran, towards the northern hills afford excellent pafture, cf which extremity, is a famous fea mark. The there is more than tillage in this pa- lakes in the ifland are about 5 in numrifh. It iupplies itfelf with the necef- ber, and from 2 of them iflue fine riThe lofty parts of the ifland faries of life, and fends to market a vers. good deal of the produce of the farms. are either bare rocks, or covered with The air is pure and whcldbme, not heath and fern- In the vales and bord-

The

various.

On

ART
fci-s

ASS

of the lakes, the ground is toler- haematites, jafpers, and, it is faid, aably fertile, and well cultivated. The gates; befides an inexhauftible fupply ifland is divided into 2 parifhes, viz. of granite for paving the ftreets of the Kilmore and Killbride, and forms part city. At the bottom of Arthur Seat of the (hire of Bute. One part has been is the loch of Duddingfton ; and on found to furnilh coal and limeftone. the N.the ruins of St. Anthony's herFreeftone and marble are in confi- mitage and chapel, and a copious derable abundance. On Goatfield, jaf- fpring of pure water, called St. Anpers and fine agates are found. There thon's well. The rock abounds with are annually exported about ioco black rare Alpine plants, andaffords frequent On the hills are wild deer, fpecimensof that lingular phenomenon cattle. and the lakes contain falmon. The in vegetation, called fairy rings ; an coafts abound with white fifh and her- appearance which is now generally atrings. There are feveral cairns, and tributed to electricity. From the pinthe remains of druidical edifices. The nacle of Arthur Seat the view is reThe caftle of Broadwick, belonging to the markably noble and extenfive. Duke of Hamilton, is an extenfive traveller may fit at his eafe, and look building. There are alfo the ruins of down on the metropolis as on a map 5 many ancient fortreffes, and natural while the German ocean, the courfe of caves, remarkable for their great ex- the Forth, the Grampians, and a large tent. Many parts of the ifland exhi- portion of the moft populous, and bit marks of volcanic fire ; in parti- beft cultivated part of the kingdom, cular, a fort of bafaltic trapp or lava, form a landfcape, at once beautiful and which fcratches glafs, but does not fublime. ASHKIRK; a parifh lying partly ftrike fire with fteel ; the chemical properties of this mineral have not yet in Roxburgh, and partly in Selkirkbeen inveftigated. The population of fhire. It is about 7 miles long, and The furface is moftly hilly the whole ifland is about 6000. 3 broad. a mountainous but they are free of heath to the veryparifh in Dumbartonfhire, about 16 top. The foil is light and fertile. miles long, and 3 broad. It lies on There is a mofs containing marl, of the E. fide of Loch Lomond, the great extent. Population in 1793, 539. banks of which are covered with fine ASSINT, fituated in the county of plantations. The furface, which was Sutherland, is a very extenfive parifh, formerly covered with heath and bent, being no lefs than % ; miles long, and is now beginning to affume a better about 15 broad. Its furface prefents an appearance, from the introduction of affemblage of lofty mountains, huge iheep. The population in 1791, Was barren rocks, precipices, extenfive heaths, lakes, moffes, and rivers. It lies 379Arthur Seat ; a high hill in the on the W. N. W. coaft of Sutherland, neighbourhood of Edinburgh, which and has a number of ifiands annexed rifes in a conical form, with a rugged to it. From the broken furface of the and very fteep afcent, to the height of ground, it cannot be fuppofed that a796 feet above the level of the fea. griculture has made much progrefs On the- S. fide it is in many places a indeed, there is fcarcely 1 acre in 100 perpendicular rock, exhibiting a range under crop. The hills furnifh pafture of bafaitic columns, of a pentagonal to a few cattle and iheep, and the rior hexagonal form, from 50 to 60 feet vers contain falmon. The rearing of in length, and of 5 feet diameter. Ad- cattle and fifhing, therefore, afford joining to this hill on the W. are Sa- employment to the inhabitants. The lisbury Craigs, which prefent to the coaft much refembles the furface of city the appearance of a lofty terrace, the country, being rough, and prefentforming a fort of amphitheatre of folid ing dreadful precipices to the ftormy ftone, with an awful front of broken fea. However, at one or two places, rocks and precipices. Backward from there is a tolerably fafe anchorage. the craggy top, it gradually defcends Formerly iron mines were dug here j into an extenfive valley, which has and they might yet be worked, if coals much the appearance of a volcanic could be procured. Marble and limecrater long fince filled up. The rock ftone are found in confiderable quanin digging affords ores, fpars, zeolites, tities. As yet, no coal has been dil-

ARROQUHAR;

ATH
covered.

AUG
fuel of the

The common
peat mofs.

Gilmerton, the feat of Sir G. Kinlocfr*

people

is

number of

antiquities are feattered over the pa-

rk i &c. fuppofed to be Scandinavian cairns of ftones and druidical temples are frequent. In 1793, the population was ooo

moil northern disof Perthfhire, extending in length about 45 miles, and in breadth 30 ; bounded on the N. by Badenoch ; on the W. by Lochaber on the E. by Man- and Gowrie; on the S. by Stratherne, Perth Proper, and Breadalbane. The country is very rough and mountainous, and contains a great part of the ancient Caledonian foreft, The
trict
;.

ATHGL. The

terfperfed

mountainous furface is, however, inby very fertile valleys. There are no towns in this diftricT: ; but federal populous villages are fcattered The molt noted over the country.

feat is the caftle of Blair, belonging to the Duke of Athol, who is fuperior of the whole diftrict, and takes his. title

from

it.

Blair-caftle is pleaiantly fitu-

ated on the Tilt, a fmall limpid ftrearn, near its conflux with the Garry. The noble owner often makes it his refiAbout 15 miles from it is the de-.ice.. Pafs of Giilicrankie, rendered famous from the battle fought here between the Highland adherents of King James, and the forces of King William. or Ay a village and parifh in Iladdingtonfhire, extends a-

Here are of an extenfive Daniih camp ; and the ruins of Garletonhoufe ftill retains fome of its ancient magnificence. Population in/ 1792* 927. ; a village in the pariih of Fordoun, Kincardineihire.. It contains about 150 inhabitants, andl is noted for a great market for black, cattle and horfes, held weekly from' Michaelmas to Chriftmas. or a parifh in Aberdeenfhire,. about 7 miles long, and 5 broad, exhibiting in general a hilly, nay, mountainous furface. The foil is moftly thin r dry, and early ; but fcarce more than 2500 acres are under crop. The fidesof the hills are more fitted for pafture than tillage, and " the heath-covered mountains" afford the fportfman plenty of game. The only river of notice in the parifh is the Bogie, which contains plenty of trout. Freeftone is found in great abundance, and a veinof good limeftone, which might be quarried and burnt to good account. bluifh-coloured fibrous afbeftos is found in great quantities in the fiffures of the rocks, which the fportfmen often ufe for wadding to their fowlalfo beautifies this parifh.

the remains

AUCHINBLAY

AUCHINDORE,

AUCHIN-

DOIRj

ing-pieces.
ties

There are

ATHOLSTONFORD,

here, fuch

a few antiquias tumuli, barrows,

and the remains of an extenSeveral hundred bout 4 miles in length, and a in acres were lately planted by Mr. GorFrom the Garleton hills, don of Craig, which are in a very breadth. which bound the parifh on the S. the thriving fta-te, and add much to the land by a gentle declivity extends to beauty of the place. In 1755, the pothe more of the Frith of Forth, con- pulation was 839 ; in 1791,572. AUCKINLECK; a pariih in the taining a tra<ft of country; which, for beauty and fertility, is perhaps inferior county of Ayr, is a bleak, naked counto none in Scotland. The foil is moftly try ; is about 18 miles long, and on of a light loam ; but part is gravelly, an average 2 broad. About the midand part inclining to clay. Almoft dle of the parifh the foil is clay, upon extremities the whole pariih. is cultivated and en- a cold till bottom. The Tiie village of Atholftonford lie upon a freeftone rock, which apclofed. moft places, through a thinftands on the fide of the Garleton hills, pears in commanding a beautiful profpect of fandy foil. Several arable farms are into farms for grazing the Frith of Forth, and adjacent places. lately converted An extenfive diftricT:, named Blair, the author of " the Grave," was cattle. Glenmore, at leaft 6 miles in length, a nal ive' of this parifh ; and, here, the Salis entirely covered with heath. th author of Douglas held his paftorof the mon and pike are caught in the rivers al charge, till the ill-placed zeal which run through the Kirk of Scotland deprived him of his Ayr and Lugar, He, however, did not leave parifh. Coal may be wrought in every fi.tuat.ioQ. There is plenty pariih. the parifn ; but built a neat ornament- part of the of excellent quality ; and ed '.ilia, which is a pattern of his tafte. of freeftone,
cairns,
five

THELSTANEFORD

fortification.

AUG
a
lead mine,
raid
is

AUG
;

wrought,
"There
ftone,

which has never been remaining four-fifths is paftured but to be very rich in filver. every where the fields are of a dufky
if

quarry of black fire-proof tinge, as

the plant did not delight

which is much ufed for fire- in its foil. There is plenty of limeplaces and ovens. The ruins of the ftone ; and the inhabitants are now

of the

ancient caftle of Auchinleck, the date erection of which is unknown, ft-nds in this parifh, on the banks of the Lugar. Near the old caftle is the new home of Auchinleck, erected by the late Lord Auchinleck, father to James BoiWell, Efq. the well-known companion of Dr. Johnfon, and the friend of General Pao'li. Population
in 1792, 775.

applying thcmfelves more to agriculture, which is rapidly improving the appearance of the country. The crops
are fcarcely fufficient

fortheccmfumpt

AUCHTERARDER
5

a pariffi ex-

or 6 miles in length, and nearly the fame in breadth ; frtuated in the county of Perth, on the S. of the river Earn. Befides the plain on the banks of the Earn, this parifh takes one of the in part of the Ochil hills higheft of which, Craig Roffie, is frtuated in this parifh. The hilly part produces good pafture ; and the low ground is arable, with a good, though not a ftrong foil. The Earn abounds with trout andfalmon and the Ruthven, a fmall beautiful river, which alfo runs through the parifh, contains excellent trout. The village of Auchterarder, which once enjoyed the privilege of a royal borough, extends nearly a mile in length. The parifh abounds with ftone, fit for building and a few -quarries furnifh a particular kind of thin gray flate. The village labours under great difadvantage few druidical circles are the only from want of water. Here are the ruins of an old caftle, faid to have been antiquities of confequence. In 1795? a hunting-feat of King Malcolm Ken- the population was 1784. inure. a parifh in There are alfp fome traces of Roman encampments. Neither coal the county of Angus, fituated on the~ nor lime are found in the parifh. S. fide of the Sidiaw hills. It contains little marl was lately difcovered, but nearly 4000 acres. The foil is rather it is now exhaufted.. In 1792, the thin and moorifh but when well culpopulation was 1670. tivated, produces tolerable crops. Ena parifh in closures are pretty general. There the county of Fife. Its extent is 4 are 3 fmall villages, the largeft of which miles long, and 3 broad. The foil is Contains 11^ perfons. There is plenty moftly clay, and black earth xnoift, of excellent peat mofs and rock marl, and not very fertile. There are many and freeftone abound in the parilh, inequalities in the fields, which appear Dichty water runs through the parifli.

tending

of the parifh. 1 hough the air is moift and cold, yet we do not hear of any very prevalent complaint. There is a confiderable quantity of peat mofs ; but the great plenty of coal makes it but little ufed for fuel. Number of inhabitants in 1740, 1194 ; in 1790, 1200 ; in 1801, 1045. or AUCH; a parifh in the county of Perth, frtuated on the turnpike road from Perth to Dunkeld ; extends about 9 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. great proportion of it is covered with muirs, hills, and moffes. On the arable land the improvements in agriculture have been fo rapid for thefe 20 years, that the country has affumed quite a different afpect. Marl is found in the parifh. There are alfo feveral exteniiye moffes, from whence they ufed to procure peat fuel ; but of late, the farmers have rather been at the expence of coals from Perth, thinking they can employ their fervants to greater advantage in ploughing the land, than in digging peats. large cotton fpinning mill was lately erected in the village of Stanley, in this parifh.

AUCHTERGQVAN, TERGAVEN

AUCHTERKOUSE

AUCHTERDERRAN

broken and feparated.

Bafaltes,

other volcanic productions, are often to be met with. great part, if not the whole of the parifh, lies above coal, of which there is annually raifed to the value of 700I. About one-fifth of -t'he parifh only is under tillage; the

and There are feveral antiquities; but none of importance to deferve notice. Population in 1793-8, 600; in 1801, 653. AUCHTERLESS, fituated in the county of Aberdeen, is about 7 miles long, and 3 broad. The foil is various; in fome olaces a deep black mould j

AUG
but the greateft part is light and gravelly, intermixed with clay, which is early and very productive. Afmallriver called Ithan or Ythan, which paries through this pariih, contains a few trouts. From the improvement of the
land, they are enabled to export confiderable quantities of the produce of their farms, with the price of which they annually purchafe great quantities of lime for manure. On the S. of the Ithan is an extenfive tract of muir, covered with fhort heath, almoft inca-

AUL
quality of the
foil is light
it

foil.

Toward
;

the S. the

and fertile
four, wet,

becomes

but farther N. and better for

pable of improvement. Neither coal, lime, nor marl, are found in the pariih. There are a few ftone quarries, but of fo bad quality, that the ftone cannot be ufed even for fences. Earth fences, ray. Population in 1793, 334; in with hedges and ditches, are therefore 1801, 396. the only enclofures. Here is a moft Augustus (Fort) fituated at the extenfive fortified camp, which is well extremity of Loch Nefs. It is a reworthy of the attention of the anti- gular fortification, with four baftions quarian. The profiles of the vallum are and barracks capable of accommodating 400 foldiers, with proper lodging very diftinct, and in great prefervation enclofed area is computed at 1 20 acres. for the officers. It is garrifoned by a No monuments, inferiptions, or pieces company of invalids, and fupplied of armour, have been difcovered, which with provifions from Invernefs by a can with certainty determine by what (loop of 60 tons. Though the fortifination thofe military works have been cation is hi good repair, it is fo comconftructed. Population in 1791, 1200. manded from the neighbouring hills a burgh on every fide, that it is by no means a ; and parifh in the county of Fife, ex- place capable of refiftance. It is a tending about 2 miles in length, and very neat looking place ; and the furii in breadth. The furface is various rounding plantation, and the river towards the S. low and fiat ; and were Tarff which runs by it, give it very it not for drains, it would be over- much the appearance of an Engliih flown with water towards the N. country feat. It was taken by the reand W. it is hilly, and covered with bels in 1746; who deferted it, after heath. The foil around the town is demolifhing what they could. This gravelly ; but the reft of the pariih is place has been recommended as an, fertile. Marl is found in fome places ; excellent ftation for a woollen manuand the whole parifh abounds with freev factory . ftone. The town was conftitutedaroyal ; a pariih in the counborough by James IV. and it ftill re- ty of Nairn. It extends 4 miles along tains all the privileges of a royal bo- the Murray Frith, being in length arough, except that of fending mem- bout 6 1 miles, and in breadth about bers to parliament. Auchtermuchty 5-i. The ground rifes gradually from carries on a confiderable manufacture the coaft to the inland part of the paof brown linens and filefias, to the an- rifh, where it becomes hilly. The nual amount, on an average, of nearly foil is generally light and fertile, in 2o,cool. In 1793, the number of fouls proportion to its. vicinity to the fea. in the parifh was 1439; 1801, 2060. Mifs Erodie of Lethen, Dunbar of a fmall inland Boath, and Colonel Brodie of Brodie, ; parifh in the county of Fife, extending are the proprietors of the pariih. There about % miles in length, and 1 in is an unexhauftible fund of marl in breadth. The fituation is elevated, Loch Lity, on Lord Cawdor's eftate. commanding an extenfive profpect. The appearances of coal are very flatThe furface is varied, with eminences tening ; but no attempts to difeover and little hills ; which caufts a confi- it have been fuccefsful. In a deep mofs, derable difference in the nature and on the eftate of Colonel Erodie, have
;

pafture than cultivation. There is a fmall lake in the parifh, called Camilla loch, from which a final! burn, theTeel, or Toul, takes its rife. There, are feveral-new plantations made out. of late by different proprietors. There are both freeftone and limeftone in the pariih. Coals are brought from the neighbouring pariih of Auchterderran. On the fide of the loch above men-, tioned, are the ruins of Camilla-caftle, or Hallyards. It received the name of Camilla from one of the family of Campbell, who was a Countefs of Mo-

AUCHTERMUCHTY

AULDEARN

AUCHTERTOUL

AVE
been found
fir

AYR
AVOCH;
bout 4 miles
is

trees 60 feet in length.

a burgh of barony, under the fuperiority of Col. Brodie. Population in 1793, 1406. Aven River iffues from a lake of the fame name, at the foot of Cairngorm mountain, in the county of Banff;

The

village of

Auldearn

a parifh in Rofsihire, ain length, and %\ in

breadth. It enjoys all the variations of foil and furface, and is reckoned in general exceedingly fertile, though the

and after a rapid and tempeftuous courfe of 20 miles, falls into the Spey It abounds with trout. at Inveraven. Aven, or Avon; a river in Lanarkshire ; rifes on the borders of Galfton and Sorn, from Loch Aven ; and after receiving many tributary ftreams in its courfe, through the fertile vale of Strathaven, falls into the Clyde near the town of Hamilton. Its banks are high and bold, and in moft places covered with natural woods. Aven, or Avon ; is alio a river in Stirlingfhire, which takes its rife in the parifh of Cumbernauld, from loch Fanny-fide, and receiving confiderable additions to its ftreams in palling
1

of modern hufbandry are little known. The fea coaft, which bounds this parifh on the E. affords employment and provilion to the inhabitants. There are fome excellent quarries of freeftone in the parifh, from which the ftones were taken with which Fort George is built. It is watered by a few fmall rivulets, which contain a particular fpecies of red trout. Marl is found in one loch, and it is fuppofed
arts

that limeftone
parifh.

is not wanting in the Rofehatigh-hoyfe, the feat of Sir Roderick Mackenzie of Scatwell,

with its extenfive plantations, is much admired. Avoch and Bennets-field,

two other

feats in the pari fh, are fallen

The herring fifhery employs the inhabitants of the coaft, and through Slamannan and Linlithgow on an average there are generally cured The founparilhes, falls into the Forth near Bor- here about 6,000 barrels. dation of an old caftle ftill remains, on roftownnefs. otherwife called the top of a little hill, about 350 feet Strathaven ;alargepariih or barony, long, and 160 broad. Population in in the county of Lanark, about ia 1793, 1380. (Loch) a lake in Argyllfhire, miles in length, and 5 or 6 in breadth. The face of the country, as the name about 30 miles in length, and from 1 imports, is open, riling gradually from to a in breadth. It is reckoned the both fides of the Aven, and terminat- moft picturefque of any in the Highing in hills. The foil is various. In lands ; and it poffeffes many pretty the low grounds it is in fome places ifiands, tufted with trees. On one of dry and gravelly ; in fome clay, and them, lnis-chonnel, not much larger in others mofs. The hilly part is black than a churchyard, is the ruin of an number ancient caftle. At the north-eaftern muir, covered with heath. of fmaller rivers interfect the parifh, extremity rifes the mountain of Benwhich abound with trout ; and falmon Cruachan, elevated 3390 feet above are fometimes caught in the Aven. the furface of the lake ; from the top There is abundance of limeftone, and of which defcends the river which fome coal ; but the coal is not of good forms this beautiful expanfe of water. quality. Freeftane is rather fcarce. The lake abounds with falmon, trout, few fpecimens of iron ore have been and eel, and difcharges itfelf into Loch dug up ; but it has not been found Etive, a branch of the Atlantic ocean, worth working. The crops on the at a place called Bun-aw, where is eflow grounds are generally good ; but tablifhed a falmon fifhery. on the borders of the muir they are AYRSHIRE is bounded on the N. very precarious. The manufacture of by the county of Renfrew ; on the E. muflins employ a confiderable number by the fhires of Lanark and Dumfries; of hands. Roman road can be dis- on the S. by Galloway ; and on the tinctly traced for feveral miles, on the W. by the Irifh channel, and the Frith S. of the Aven. Here are alio 3 an- of Clyde. Its extent in length is about cient chapels. The caftle of Avendale 65 miles, and about 36 in breadth. It exhibits an interefting ruin on a rocky is divided into 3 great bailliages or eminence. The Duke of Hamilton is ftewartries, which bear the names of the principal proprietor. In 1793, the Kyle,Cunningham, andCarrick. Thefe population was eftimated at 33^3. divifions are not altogether artificial j
into difrepair.

AVENDALE,

Aw

AYR
the river Ayr, on which is the town of Ayr, forming the feparation between Carrick and Kyle ( or Ay rfhire Proper), and the river Irvine (at the mouth of which is a borough of the fame name) is the limit between Kyle and Cunningham. Thefe diftricts are very different from each other in appearance. Carrick, and the interior parts of Kyle, are mountainous, and more fitted for pafture ; while the coaft of Kyle, and the greater part of Cunningham, exhibit a fine level country, fnterfperfed with numerous villages and towns. The fea coaft is mollly fandy, with

AYR
brought to the hammer, and the greater part of their lands purchafed by new
proprietors. After the general diftrefs,

consequent on fo difaftrous a fcheme, was fomewhat relieved, the improvement which the land had received during the profufion of money, enabled the proprietors to continue the improvement, and the new fettlers being moftly men of great fortune, allowed no expence to be wanting to produce the fame end and hence the improvement of the country was rather promoted than retarded, by an event which threatened to overwhelm not funk rocks, poffefiing feveral good har- only Ayrfhire, but the greater part of bours. The ifiand of Aifia is in this Scotland, into the gulf of bankruptFrom the ridge, of which cy. Ayrfhire, befides the inexhauftible county. the mountains of Carrick are a part, feams of coal with which it abounds, rife almoft all the rivers of the S. of pofiefTes feveral other valuable miner:

Scotland.

The Tweed,

the Elk, the

als

as freeftone, limeftone, ironftone,

Nith, the Annan, the Urr, &c. flow to the E. and S. while the Stinchar, the Girvan, the Docn, the Ayr, and the Lugar, pouring into the Irilh channel, interfect the county of Ayr with Befides thefe, their copious ftreams. the Irvine and other fmalier rivulets, water the more northerly parts of the county. Ayrfhire has 2 royal boroughs, viz. AYRandlRViNE ; and feveral populous towns and villages, of which Kilmarnock, Beith, Saltcoats, Kilwinning, Largs, Girvan, and Ballantrae, are the chief. Fitted as Ayrlhire is in every refpecl: for the carrying on of trade, and the extenfion of agricultural improvements, itisonlyof lateyears that much has been done in that way. Poffeffing valuable feams of excellent coal, and enriched with the returns

feveral rich ores of lead

and copper.

A few curious fpecimens

are alio to he found in the hills of Carrick, of agates, porphyries, and of calcareous petrifactions. In the parifh of Stair, antimony

and molyhdctna have been found ; and in feveral parts of the county is found
that fpecies of whetftone, known by the name of Ayr-Jlone. There is plenty of marl in moft of the lochs ; the chief of which is Loch Doon, from which the river of that name takes its There is annually a great quan-, rife.
'

from

exportation, little attention to the culture of the ground. The eftablifhment of the Douglas and Heron Bank, though ruinous to the proprietors, contributed greatly to promote the improvement of Ayrlhire.
its

was paid

of wealth which it feemed to pour into the country, and the ready command of county.
fallacioufiy

The abundance
money

weed thrown afhore, from which many tons of kelp are made. All the rivers of Ayrlhire abound with falmon, and the coafts are admirably adapted for the white fhhing. To attempt to enumerate the feats with which this county is ornamented, would extend this article far beyond our limits. We need only mention a few of the chief families. The Kennedies, the Cunninghams, the Cochranes, the Stewarts, the Montgomeries, the Boyds, the Campbells, and the and Bofwells, are the moft ancient moft of them poffefs refidences in the
tity of fea
;

the proprietors towards improving and planting their eftates, furnifhed means for railing and burning lime for manure, and above all, with the money from the bank, canals and roads were opened through every part of the country. Upon the failure of that extravagant and ill-conducted fpeculation, the proprietors
it

gave, fet

all

of

many

eftates

faw

their property

The valued rent of Ayrfhire eftimated at 191,605b Scots; and the real amounts to 105,8001. fterling. Population ofAyrlhire in 1798, 75>544* a royal borough, of great ; antiquity, and confiderable extent, the county town of Ayrlhire, and the It was efeat of a jufticiary court. recled into a royal borough by Wih 80; liam the Lion, about the year and the privileges granted by that
is

AYR

AYR
charter are ftill enjoyed by the townIt is pleafantly fituated on a point of land, between the influx of the rivers

AYR

Robert Bruce's title to the throne was unanimoufly confirmed. Ayr is a very gay and faihionable place. It has Doonand Ayr, into the Atlantic ocean. well attended races, and is fometimes

The

principal itreet is a fine orna- the feat of the Caledonian hunt. It is mented, broad, fpacious way, with a fituated 75 miles S. W. from Edinrow of elegant houfes on each fide. burgh. In 1797, the population ain 1801, 5560. Its Hi ape is lbmewhat of the form of mounted to 4647 a crefcent, having the tolbooth and The parifii extends about 4 miles in town-hail hi the center, with a fine length, and 3 in breadth the furfaee is fpire, 135 feet high. In ancient times flat and fandy, but here and there inAve find Ayr to have been a town of terfperfed with beautiful feats and There are two fmall confiderable trade. The merchants plantations. imported a great quantity of wine lakes, well ftored with pike and trout. from France, and exported corn and There is plenty of muirftone on the other produce of the country. The furfaee, but the freeftone is neither arifing trade of Glafgow proved very bundant norgood. No coal is wrought, injurious to the trade of this town; but all the neighbouring pariihes pofbut of late it has much revived. The fefs inexhauftible pits of the fineft coal. fea fhore is flat and fhallow, and the There is a ftrong chalybeate fpring, entrance of the river Ayr, which forms which is famous in icrophulous and the harbour, is fubject to the inconve- fcorbutic complaints. Tradition renience of a bar of fand, which is often ports an engagement to have taken thrown quite acrofs the river, efpeci- place in the valley of Dalrymple, beThe tween two kings, Fergus and Coilus, ally with a ftrong N. W. wind. water never rifes above ia feet; but in which both leaders loft their lives ; from feme improvements andextenfive the names of peaces in the neighbourworks now carrying on en the fides hood feem derived from this circumof the river, it is hoped the channel ftance, and a cairn of ftones in the will be connderably deepend. There midft of the valley, is faid to point are erected 2 reflecting light-houfes out the place of the' engagement. Hito conduct veiTels fafely into the har- tory has only recorded two diftinguiihbour. There are great plenty of fal- ed characters in literature, natives of mon in the two rivers, the fiihings of Ayr: ift, Johannes Scotus, Ihnamed which rent at upwards of 200I. Be- Erigena, celebrated for his acumen fides the falmon fifhery, the fand banks of judgment, his readinefs of wit, and on the coaft abound with all kinds of fluency of elocution : and, 2d, the white fifth and one or two companies Chevalier Ramfay, author of Cyrus' are eftablifhed here for curing them. Travels, and other works ; to thefe we The principal trade carried en is the may add the late Robert Burns, whofe exportation of coal to Ireland, in which genius, at leaft, will bear a companion nearly 2000 tonnage of veffelsare annu- with any of the former. (Newtown of). While ally employed. There is an extenfive manufacture of leather and foap. Ayr the borough of Ayr extends along was in ancient times, however, not the fouth fide of the river Ayr, this only diftinguiihed for trade, but alio fmall parilh is fituated on the north for military ftrength. Here the heroic fide of the fame river. It is a burgh exploits of Sir W.Wallace began, and of confiderable domain, having in that here Edward I. fixed one of his molt domain baronial jurifdiction ; governpowerful garrifons. Oliver Cromwell, ed by a magiftracy elected by freetoo, judging it a proper place to build men, but not having parliamentary a fortrefs, took poffeffion of the old reprefentation. It is of very ancient church, and converted it and the neigh- erection, owing its privileges to Roboui ing ground into a regular citadel. bert Bruce, who, upon being attacked On one of the mounts, within the walls with leprofy, came to refide in this of this fortrefs, ftood the old caftle of place, and was induced to eftablilh a Ayr, mentioned in ancient hiftories, Lazar-houfe, and to confer confideraand the old church, the tower of ble favours on the tov\n, and on the which ftill remains, noted for the meet- fmall village of Prieftwick, about 2 or ing of the Scottiih parliament, when 3 miles diftant. In thq Newtown of
; ;
.

AYR

AYT
a number of very good houfes. has a tolerable good harbour, chiefly employed in the coal trade. Lying on the banks of Ayr, and the fea coaft. the foil is moltly flat and fandy. Its extent is about 3 miles long, and i\ broad. In 1793, the population was 1680.
it

AYT"
Berwick,
length,

Ayr are

Ayr River.

This

river rifes

in

the parifh of Muirkirk, in Ayrfhire and after a courfe of about 18 miles nearly due W. falls into the fea at Ayr, where its asftuary forms a fine harbour. It is for a edhfiderable courfe only a fmall rivulet; but joined by Greenock and Garpel, tributary ftreams, it becomes a large body of water. It frequently fhifts its bed, and does considerable damage by its encroachments. Its banks are fteep and very romantic and the number of feats which ornament them prtfent a fine picturefque fcenery. Sorn-caftle,Auchincruive,and Auchinleck, may be mentioned as the The vilchief beauties of the fcene. lage of Catrine is fituated on its banks. Jt forms the boundary between the denominated diftricts of Ayrlhire, Kyle and Carrick. fituated in the county of
;

AYTON,

extends about 4^ miles ifi in breadth. The foil is in general fertile, and particularly adapted for the culture of turnips and corn. The fouthern part of the parifh is hilly but, even there, the foil is productive of corn and grafs. Of late this parifh has been much improved in its hufbandry, and the greateft part is now enclofed. The air is very dry and falubrious. As the fea forms the boundary on the E. it is in general Well fupplied with fifh. Its vicinity to the village of Eyemouth and the town of Berwick, affords a ready market for the produce of the farms, which in general is more than neceffary for its own confumption. About 15 or 20 tons of kelp are made here annually. The quarries afford ftone fit for building. On the hills are the remains of 2 camps, fuppofed to be Roman or Saxon ; urns, and broken pieces of armour, have been found here. In the low grounds of the N. W. are the veftiges of 3 encampments, fimilar to the former. Moft of the names of the places are derived from the Saxon. In 1792, the population was 1245 > 1801, 145 3.

and 4

m
'

g&SSHW.iH

B^L
BADENOCH;
1

BAL
eafterly dif-

the moft of Invernefs-fhire ; having Invernefs on the N. Moray on the E. Athol on the S. and Lochaber on the \V. It extends 33 miles in length, and 27 in breadth. It is very mountainous and barren, having no villages, and only a few inhabitants in the valIt is watered by the Spey, and leys.
tricb

perch.

There

is

great plenty of lime

and freeftone ; and the parifh every where abounds with coal, of excellent quality. The ruins of the manfton of Baldernock, fhew it to have been a' place of great ftrength. There are feveral cairns and druidical monuments; and all the names of the places feem to be derived from fome of the facred
places of the druids. 1793, 620.

a few

rivulets. There are alfo feveral lochs, fome of which are of conThe mountains are fiderable extent.

Population in

covered with natural bound with game.

forefts,

and

a-

BALDERNOCK
lingfhire.

The

a parifh in Stir; furface and foil are

tile,

flat and feron the banks of the river Kelvin, while the back part is hilA fmall ly, and covered with muir. loch, covering about 70 acres, called Baldowie, abounds with pike and

very various, part being

efpecially

; a parifh in the county of Stirling, extending about 8 miles in length, and 2 in breadth. The furface of the ground is on a gentle declivity, from the banks of the river Endrick, enjoyingtheadvantage of a S.expofure*The foil is in fome places light and fandy, but the greater part is wet and tilly. Bad roads, the diftance from manure, and the poverty of the farmer, has in this parifh retarded great--

BALFRON

B
ly

AL

BAL
fiderable portion of morafs, incapable

agricultural improvements ; but thefe obftacles are now nearly removed, and a fpirit for agriculture is exLime and freeftone are found cited. in great plenty ; but as yet no coal

has been difcovered, though in the opinion of good judges, the appearances are very nattering. The village out. There are feveral lakes, which of Balfron contains about noo inha- contain pike, perch, and trout in avery powerful chalybitants, who are moftly employed in bundance. the cotton manufacture. The popu- beate fpring, called Lochenbreck nvell, lation of the parifh in 1793, amounted is much reforted to ; befides which, there are feveral other mineral wells. to 1381. an extenfive pa- The river Dee bounds the parifh on ; rifh of Ayrfhire, being nearly 10 miles the N. Population in 1793, 862. BALMACLELLAN; a parifh in the fquare. It lies on the fea coaft, which ftewartry of Kirkcudbright. Its general is bold and rocky, except oppofite the village. The furface is much diver- appearance is muir, with 5 or 6 fmall fined, riling gently from the fhore to lochs. Its furface is level, with a genthe tops of that range of mountains tle rifing towards the N. There are which extend acrofs the country to about 60 acres of natural wood, chiefthe Frith of Forth. The foil is gene- ly on the banks of the rivulets, which Only about one-fourth rally-poor andthin but in manyplaces interfecl it. there are confiderable fields of natural of the land is arable but this portion Many fheep are fed grafs, well fitted for the feeding of is very fertile. fheep and cattle. The fifheries on this on the muirs. Two turnpikes pafs Population in coaft are very productive, and there is through the parifh. always a ready market in the (hires of 1793, about 500* Ayr, Lanark, and Renfrew. There is a parifh in the alio a falmon fifhery at the mouth of county of Fife, on the S. bank of the Ardftinchar river, near the village of river Tay, extending on an average aBallantrae. There are no minerals of bout 3 miles in length, and 24 in importance, if we except a mineral breadth. The furface Hopes gently fpring, which has been long efteemed to the banks of the river. The foil is as a cure in cutaneous and fromachic thin and fandy. Agriculture is here diforders. Population in 1793, 770. practifed by fyftem, and the produce BALLINGRY; an irregular parifh, is frequently great. The harbour of of the extent of 3 miles in length, and Balmerino is fmall and inconvenient, 1 in breadth, lying in the county of but might be much improved. very Fife. The foil is tolerably good, one confiderable quantity of grain is anfourth of the parifh only being under nually exported from hence. concrop ; the remainder affords excellent fiderable falmon fifhery is alfo carried pafture. There is great plenty of coal on at this place. The abbey of Baland lime ; and fome marl has been merino, built in the year 1229, has procured by draining a fmall lake in been once a magnificent ftructure. the parifh, called Lochore. At the The ruins of it are ftill much admired. eaftern extremity of this lake is an Several extenfive plantations of hard iflet, with a ftrong tower now in ruins. wood have been lately made out. PoThere are alio the veftiges of a Ro- pulation in 1793, 703 ; in 1801, 786. man camp in the neighbourhood of a fmall ifiand ; which various articles have been dug in the diftricl of the weftern ifies, beup, which muft have belonged to the longing to Argyllfhire. It is altogether Romans. Population in 1793, 220; compofed of bluifh-coloured flate. Ain 1801, 227. bout 2Qfamiliesrefide'upon it, forworkBALMAGHIE; a parifh in the ing the flate. It lies near the N. fide of ftewartry of Kirkcudbright. It is about the ifiand of jura, to which it may be 8 miles long, and from 3 to 6 broad. confidered as a fort of appendage. The The general appearance is very unfa- number of inhabitants refident on it vourable ; a great part being heath, or are 140. barren rocks. There are alfo a con; a Highland pa*

of any improvement ; but, notwithftanding this unpleafing afpect, the parifh contains fome arable ground, and very fertile meadows. There is fome natural wood, and a number of young plantations have been lately laid

BALLANTRAE

BAL MERINO;
-j-

BALNAHUAIGH

BALQUHIDDER
E

BAM
rlffa of Perfhfhire, extending about 15 ririles in length, and 7 in breadth. The

BAM

the fea, are alfo in this county. At Portfoy is a beautiful vein of ferpenfurface is very hilly and mountainous* tine, called Portfoy marble ; and a and fcarcely any of it is under crop. fpecies of granite, which, when pogreat number of iheep are fed on lifhed, exhibits the refeniblance of the hills. The mountains are generally Arabic or Hebrew characters. Along very high and fteep. Eenmore, rifing the whole coaft are frequent tumuli 3903 feet, and Benvoirlich 3300 feet and Daniih monuments. The Duke above the level of the fea, are in this of Gordon, Earl of Findlater, Earl of There is a considerable extent Fife, and Lord Bamff, have elegant pariih. of the ancient Caiednir.n foreft in feats in the county. The valued rent this difcridb, but the proprietors are is 79,2001. Scots, and the real land rent Population of the yearly diminishing its extent. There 43,49cl. fterling. whole county in 1798, 38,487. is abundance of limeftone, which the BAMFF, or a royal bofcarcity of fuel renders of little ufe. ; There are fome appearances of lead, rough, and capital of the (hire of that but no proper vein h&"s been difcover- name ; is pleafantly fituated on the There are many fine ftreams and fide of a hill, at the mouth of the ried. lakes, of which the principal are Loch- ver Deveron, Tradition fays, it was doine, Lochvoil.- part of Lochlubnaig, founded by Malcolm Kenmore,in 1163. and part of Lochearne , in thefe there It was erected into a royal borough* are abundance of excellent fifh. The and endowed with the fame privileges military road from Stirling to Fort as Aberdeen, in virtue of a charter William pafi'es through the parim. from Robert II. dated October 7, The number of inhabitants in 1793, 1372. It now gives the title of baron to the Ogilvie family. It has feveral was 130c. Balreggan Head; a promontory very well built ftreets, and is fai'd to in the pariih of Stcnykirk, in the bay be the moft fafhionable town N. of

BANFF

of Luce.

Aberdeen.
is
;

The harbour

is

very bad,

BAMFFSHIRE
S.

N. by the Ocean Murray and Invernefslhir'es

bounded on the owing to the continual fhifting of the on the W. by fand banks at the mouth of the river.

'

on the Manufactories of thread, cotton, and! ; andE.byAberdeenfhire. It extends ftockings, are carried on to confiderin length about 36 miles, but it's ave- able extent, and great* quantities of rage breadth is fcarcely more than 16. falmon are annually exported. There It contains 2 royal boroughs, and 24 is an excellent eftablifnment for the pariihes; comprehends part of Buchan, education of the children of the poor. Boyne, Strathdovern, Strathaven, and In the neighbourhood is Duff-houfe, Balvenie. The lurface of the country the magnificent manfion of the Earl of Fife, with its extenfive and beautiful is agreeably diverfified with hill and dale, well watered with rivers, and or- policies. The houfe itfelf is an elegant namented with many feats and exten- building, planned by the kte Mr. AThe S. part of the dam. It contains a well felecled libfive plantations. county is very mountainous but the rary, and a number of fine paintings. The pariih is about 6 miles in length, northern diftricb. is level, and the foil extremely fertile. The rivers are, the and 2 in breadth. The furface is beauDeveron and the Spey, Ifla, Conglafs, tifully diverfified, and the foil, though Avon, and Fiddich. The county of in general good, is of various qualities. EamfF abounds with the necefiaries The fea coaft is bold and rocky. A and cbmforts of life ; and valuable mi- great part of the pariih, though it nerals are often found in the district. might be eafily converted into arable, Limeftone is very plenty ; and a hill ia occupied by pafturage ; and a very
I
i

in the diftricb of Balvenie affords hones and whetftones, fufficient to iupply the whole ifland. There are leveral

remarkable mountains in the county, of which Cairngoram, orle of the higheft in

Scotland,

is

the chief.

Bclrin-

nes, rifing 2690 feet, and Knockhill, which is 2^00 feet above the level of

considerable number of black cattle There is art are reared in the pariih. extenfive nurfery of young trees in the neighbourhood. Near the town is a powerful chalybeate fpring. There is a fine bridge of 7 arches lately creeled over the Deveron. There is built within thefe two years, a new prifoa

B
;

AR

BAR
fheep, for which their grounds are admirably calculated. \t is fituated, on the Stinchar, the bank* of which are covered with fine trees. There is one relic of antiquity, a Romifh chapel, remarkable only from a great annual fair which is held in its vicinity, and

and town-houfe in laying down the plan of which, the genius qf the benevolent Howard appears to have prePopulation in 1797, 35 10. iided. Banrfflies i6<; miles N. of Edinburgh. DAVINICK.; a parifh, lying partly in Aberdeen, and

BANCHORY

partly in Kincardinefhires.

It is fitu-

which receives

its

name

(kirk domina

ated on both fides of the river Dee, fair) from this circumstance, There near its difcharge into the ocean. R is freeftone, and abundance of limeextends about 3^ or 4 miles along the ftone, but no coal has yet been found, fea coaft, and from 6 to 7 along the though thereis plenty in the neighbourbanks oi the Dee. The general ap- ing parifhes. Lead and other minerals pearance of the country is rugged, and are found in fmall quantities, but no the hills are moftly covered with heath. vein is fumciently extenfive to induce On the N. fide of the river, the foil, the proprietor to open a mine. There though rather light, when properly is a ftrong chalybeate fpring, faid to be managed, yields a tolerable crop. A- of fervice in debilitated habits. Pogriculture is well attended to, and en- pulation in 1792, Bara, or Barra ; one of the weftclofures are becoming general. There ern ifles. It is a fmall rock, about oneis no creek or harbour on the coaft, which would afford fhelter to any fourth of a mile in circumference, veffel larger than a fi filing boat; and being one of a clufter of fmall ifles the river Dee is not navigable. At which appear joined at low water, It is altothis place feveral quarries of granite and named Long Ifland. are wrought in the parifh. There are gether barren, but abounds with mula number of very large cairns, and titudes of fea-fowl. BARRA, oi- BARRA ; is alfo ana building, which is fuppofed to be a druidical temple. Population in 1793, other of the weftern ifles, annexed to

about 1700.
a parifh in Kincardinefhire, lying on the banks of the river Dee, containing nearly It is of very 20,000 fquare acres. unequal furface, the greateft part being mofTy, and covered with heath. There are 2 or 3 fmall lakes in the parifh ; in one of which, Loch Leys, is an artificial ifland, with ruins of feveral houfes upon it. Agriculture is in the fame ftate it was 100 years ago, though lime is to be found in many places of the parifh. Population in

Invernefsfhire.
in length,

BANCHORY TARNAN;

fruitful in

It is about 8 miies and 4 in breadth. It is corn and oats but the chief
;

1793, 1340.

BANNOCKBURN;

a village

in

Stirlingihire, celebrated for the battle

between Robert Bruce and Edward I. in which the latter, with every fuperiority in point of numbers and difpofition, was completely defeated. It was fought on Monday, June 14, 13 14 fertile, and well cultivated. The chief and Bruce's victory was celebrated in manufacture is brown linen ; and the inonkiih rhymes, by Bafton a friar, parifh has been long famed for the exbrought from England by Edward I, cellence of the fabric, and the fuperito be the hiftorian of his fuccefles.. ority of the workmanfhip ; the greatBARR ; an extenfive parifh in Ayr- er part is ftamped and fold at the Arihire, the extent of which is not well broath market. Two light-houfes are afcertained. The foil is partly arable ; erected on the fide of the river, to but the principal attention of the farm- guide the mariner fafely through the er is paid to the rearing of cattle and land banks, which are very numerous
.

paid to the rearing of cattle, burning kelp, and the cod fiihery. The ifland has a very mountainous appearance, and contains about 1604 inhabitants. It has a good harbour on the N. E. fide, and the rivulets contain a few falmon. BARRIE ; a parifh in the county of Forfar, extending 4 miles in length, and 3 in breadth, along the N. coaft of the Frith of Tay. bank running from E. to W. divides the parifh. into a higher and lower division, which are very different in foil and appearance ; while the low ground on the banks of the river is fandy, and affording only a fcanty pafture to a few flocks of fheep, the higher is a rich loam, extremely
attention
is

BAT
Many tuat the mouth of the Tay. mult are feen on the eaftern border of; the parifh ; and at Carnuiftie, is diftinctly traced a camp of great extent, en the fide of the burn of Loch Tay, where the Danes under Camus were totally defeated by the Scottifh army
are
ftill
\
I

BED
viable, in the midft of a morals, about a quarter of a mile from the

town.
parifh

The
;

population of the whole

in 1793. a fmall inland parifli in the county of Fife, about 4 miles in length, and 3 in breadth. The furface Buchannan re- is rugged and uneven, riling to an emiunder Malcolm II. lates (lib. 6. cap. 50, 51,) that the en- nence, called the hill of Beath, from gagement was fo defperate, that the which the profpect is extenfive and burn ran with blood for 3 days. Some beautiful. The foil is fertile, and the of the tumuli have been lately opened, fields moftly enclofed. Almoft every and found to contain many very per- part of the parifli contains coal, and Population in plenty of freeftone for building. It is fect human fkeletons. watered by 2 fmall rivulets. PopulaI79 I "3> 769. a parifh in the ifland of tion in 1793, 450. ; Lewis. Vide Lewis. BEAULIE, or ; a village Barvie ; a fmall river, riling in the of confiderable note in the parifh of parim of Monzie, in Perthfhire, which Kilmorack, in Invernefsfhire. It is falls into the Earn near Crieff. fituated at the mouth of the river Bass ; an infulated rock, about a Beauly, where it difcharges itfelf into mile in circumference, fituated in the a frith of the fame name. It lies ia mouth of the Frith of Forth, about a miles of Invernefs. Beauly; a river in Invernefsfhire. mile from the town of North Berwick. It is fteep and inacceffible on all fides, It is formed by the union of the fmall and even there, with rivers Farrur, Canich, and Glafs, near except the S. difficulty a (ingle man can climb up, Erklefs-caftle. The Beauly then takes with the affiftance of a rope and lad- its courfe eafterly, and after forming der. The caftle, which was once the the falls of Kilmorack, and other beauftate prifon of Scotland, is now in tiful cafcades, it falls into an arm of garrifon was formerly kept the fea, to which it gives its name. ruins. here ; but a party of King James's ad- The banks are covered with natural herents keeping poffeffion of it long wood, and are very bold and rocky. after the reft of the kingdom had fub- At one place the river divides, formmitted to the new government, the ing the beautiful ifland of Aigajh, on fortifications were ordered to be de- which is erected feveral faw-mills. The ftroyed. There is a fpring of excel- Beauly is celebrated for a productive lent water on the top of the rock. This falmon fifhing, which rents at 63 il. rock, with St. Kilda and Aifia, is the fterhng per annum. only place in Scotland where the folan ; a parifh fituated in the geele breed. It contains a fmall war- center of the county of Roxburgh, is ren for rabbits, and affords pafture to about 4 miles in length, and from 2 to It is almoft oval, cona few fheep. 3 in breadth. lifting nearly of equal divifions of a; a village and parifh in the county of Linlithgow, about 7 rable, pafture, and muir land. The miles long, and a broad. Towards furface is various, exhibiting fudden the N. E. the parifh is hilly, and the and unexpected tranfitions from hill Bathgate hills are the moft elevated in to dale. The foil is uncommonly fertile, this part of the country; towards the and is much improved from the quanThe foil is to- tity of marl which is found in almoft S. the furface is level. In this lerably productive, and agriculture is every part of the parifh. much attended to. The village of diftrict much attention is paid to agriBathgate, containing about 1400 inha- culture ; and lime is much ufed as a bitants, is part of the extenfive poffef- manure, though brought from a conI i

was about 2300,

BEATH

BARVAS

BEAULY

W.

W.

BEDRULE

BATHGATE

by King Robert Bruce, Walter, fteward of Scotland, on his marriage to lady Margery, Robert's daughter, and was the chief reiidence of Walter, till his death, in 1328. The foundations of the houfe
fions granted
1.3

in

16, to

The appearances fiderable diftance. of coal is very flattering ; but as yet

none has been difcovered. The hills of Dunian and Ruberflaw, the former riling 103 1 feet, and the latter 1419 feet above the level of the fea, are feea

feEI

EL
Coal is found in many parts ; yet it has never been wrought to advantage.
Freeftone is abundant ; and of lhneftone the quarries are inexhauftible lately feveral rich veins of ironftone were difcovered. On the limeftone are frequent beautiful fpecimens of im-

at a great diftance. There is abundance of excellent freeftone, which fupplies the neighbouring country. The roads from Berwick to Carlifle, and from London to Edinburgh, in palling

through

this parifh, are

remarkable for

the variety and beauty of the profpects which they unfold. The rivers Rule and Tiviot form the boundaries on the N. and W. In 1793, the population

amounted to 259. Bein-an-lochan

and it abounds with cal; careous petrifactions of fheils, entrocM, and other marine annua. There are alfo many filiceous petrifactions of
preffioBS

a high

moun- woods and

in the

tain in Argyllfhire. Beinmore; a lofty

mountain

Ifland of Mull.

appearances of volcanic fire, and is moftly compofed of bafaltic columns of 5

It exhibits

many

and

6 fides.

a mountain in the ; parifh of Monivaird, in Perthfhire

rifes

Beinchonzie

moffes. Barytes, that regular attendant on metallic veins, and white radiated cryftals of zeolite, are frequently found. Population ( including the town of Beith ) in 1792, 2872. BELHELVIE ; a parifh on the fea coaft of Aberdeenfhire. The appearance of the parifh is very unfavourable, efpecially at a diftance from the fea

2922 feet above the level of the the very fummit are 40 acres of deep mofs, containing large trees of oak and fir. Beindeirg a mountain in Athol, in Perthfhire ; riling to the height of 3550 feet above the level of the fea. Beinglo ; a mountain of Athol, the higheft pinnacle of which, Cairnan-gour, is elevated 3725 feet above
fea.

On

the fea.

BEITH a town in the diftrict of Cunningham, county of Ayr. It is fituated on a fmall eminence, and pretty regularly built. There is a confiderable trade carried on in the manufacture of linen and of filk
;

gauze.

The town,
is

in the

beginning of

this century,

faid to have coniifted

of only 5 or 6 houfes. At prefent the number of inhabitants amount to nearly 1800. The parifh of Beith lies on the border of Ayrfhire, and a fmall part of it is in the county of Renfrew. Its extent is about 5 miles in length, and 4 in breadth. The furface rifes gradually to the elevation of about 400 feet, where the town is built. The lands are all arable but particular attention is paid to the management of the dairy, from which, indeed, the farmer pays his rent. This, and the neighbouring parifh Dunlop, have been long famous for a particular kind of cheefe, which iscalled Djw/o* cheefe. It is hoped that this plan, or fome one very ancient feat of the Montgo- fimilar, will be earned into execution. meries of GifFan, a branch of the EglinBELLIE ; a parifh fituated chiefly ton family, is now in ruins. There is a in the county of Bamff ; but that part, fmall loch, containing abundance of on which the burgh of Fochabers is k(h and near it is plenty of peat mofs built, is in the county of Murray.
;

where it exhibits nothing but heath and ftones. Towards the coaft, however, there is fome arable ground and perhaps the greater part is capable of cultivation, but neglected from the want of attention to agriculture. No minerals of importance have been disThe principal fuel is turf covered. and peats. Population in 1793, 1318. Bell Rock, or Cape a dangerous ridge of funk rocks, lying about 12 miles from Fife-Nefs, between the openings of the Friths of Tay and Forth. The ridge extends about a mile in length, and about half a mile in breadth, the top of the rocks being only feen a few hours at low water. This rock renders the navigation not only of the Tay and Forth very hazardous, but is alio dangerous to all veffels navigating coaftways. Every year veffels of confiderable value are wrecked upon it ; and there is reafen to fufpect that many, which have been fuppofed to have foundered at fea, have fuffered on this dangerous reef. It has been long purpofed to erect a light-houfe on it ; and furveys have been made at different times, to afcertain the poflibility of its erection. very ingenious model, by Captain Brodie, was lately fent round for the approbation of the feafaring people, and the feveral ports on the eaft coaft.
coaft,
;

BEN
Theparifh is fituated on the left banks of the river Spey ; and is in extent about 6 miles in length, and nearly 4 in breadth. The ancient bank of the Spey, which is very high, and now ejiftant from the prefent current about

BEN
Bencloch,
or

Bencleugh

the

higheft of the Ochil hills, is fituated in the psrifh of Tillicoultry, in Clack-

by the ihifting of the channel, a fine plain, which is principally occupied by this parilh. The

miles,

bounds
foil is

very fertile, being rich loam depofited from the river. Enclofures arc not general, being only feen near Gordon-caftle. Though the land is moftly arable, yet, as we frequently obferve, in the neighbourhood of fine feats more attention is paid to pafture. The town of Fochabers is on the other fide of the river ; and the church is now
built there

(vide Fochabers.) ; an excellent falmon fifhing on- the Spey, the property of the Duke of Gordon, which rents at 1500I. per annum. There is an extenfive encampment, fuppofed to be Danifh. Upon the bank above mentioned, Hands crops.

There

is

mannanfhire. It is moftly compofed of granite, containing large cryltals of blzckfcheorl. It rifes to the height of 2420 feet above the level of the river Devon, which runs at its bafe. a parilh in Perthfhire, fituated in the valley of Strathmore, near the borders of the county of Angus. It extends from the Grampian to the Sidlaw hills, occupying the low ground of the ftrath, The length of the parilh is about 12 miles, and its breadth from 6 to 8. The lfla bounds it on the W. and the fmall ri-i ver Erocht divides it into 2 diftridg, running nearly W. to fall into the lfla. The banks of the Ilia are very fertile ; but often the floods of that river carry away the labours of the farmer. The foil is various, but on the low ground of the ftrath, it produces excellent

BENDOTHY;

The Highland

diftrict, if

we

Gordon-cattle, the feat of his Grace the Duke of Gordon, furrounded with elegant and extenfive policies. The front of this caftle is 568 feet in length ; and perhaps no palace in Britain can vie with it in elegance : an attempt at description would extend the account far beyond our limits. Itwas called, during the time of Pennant's tour, by the name vMBogra' Godher, or Bog of Ghight, from the place where it was built, which was marfhy, and required great labour and expence to form the charming landfcape it now exhibits. Population of the parifli, including Fochabers, in 1790-8,
1

may

term the front ridce of the Grampians, which is incluued in the

fo

is fit only for pafture. fine ftone bridge of 5 arches is thrown over the Ifia, upon the road from Cu-

parilh,

par Angus to Fort George. There was anciently a chapel at St. Fink, dedicated to that faint. Flere feveral ftone coffins have been dug up. In the neighbourhood is a very large cairn,
containing a great quantity of human bones. There are alfo feveral fubter-, raneous houfes, which are evidently of
Pictiih conftruction.

Loch Stormont,
to a diftrict of

which gives

its

name

919.

BELRiNNEs;amountaininBanfrfhire, the height of which, above the fea, is

2650 feet, and from its own bafe 1680. BENBECULA; one of the Hebrides, lying between the ifiands of N. and S. Uift, from the laft of which it is Population in 1796, 878. Bene vis the higheft mountain in ieparated by a narrow channel, nearly dry at low water. It is a low ifiand, Britain, is fituated in the parifh of
;

Perthfhire, contains a great deal of mar!, but has not yet been drained. There are, befides, a number of fmaller lochs, which contain that excellent manure. The parilh alfo abounds with excellent freeftone, and fome granite,

is

about 8 or 9 miles each way.. The foil Kilmalie, Invernefsfnire. It elevates fandy and unproductive. A great its rugged front to the height of 4370 quantityof fea weed is annually thrown feet above the level of the fea. Its on the coaft, from which kelp is made. fummit and broken fide are covered The extent of There is a Danifh fort, named Dun with eternal fnow. Elvine Nean Ruarie. There are alfo profpect is grand and magnificent;

several druidical edifices.

a mountain in the parilh of Aberfoyle, in Perthfhire, jifing to the height of 3000 feet above the level pf the fea.

Benchochan;

great part of Benevis is compofed of porphyry, which is remarkably fine, of a brownifh colour. There are alfo many fpecimens of green porphyry intermixed, with angular fpecks cf

BEN
white

BER
W.

cularly towards the lake, are finely covered with natural wood. The accent is eaSy on the S. Side ; but the N. fide is. exceedingly Steep, having imbedded in the granite. From this at one place a perpendicular precipice mountain riSes the fmall river Nevis, nearly 300 fathoms deep. The view which glides through a glen of the from the Summit is moft extenfive. the N. E. fide is the Source of the rifame name. a parifn in the ver Forth. Here an inconsiderable rill, county of Kincardine, forming a fquare but very foon augmented to a river, of nearly 3 miles. The Surface is con- by the numerous Streams which join siderably diverfified, and the foil is their waters as it paffes through the various ; but being Sheltered from the valley, Sometimes expanding into a N. wind with a S. expofure, it is very fmall lake, and immediatelyarter pourfertile. John's-haven, a thriving frfhing ing its torrent over a fhipendous pre-

The red granite of quart-z. Benevis is Said to be the moil beautiThere is aTme vein ful in the world. of lead ore, very rich in Silver, found

On

BEN HOLME;

village,

diftant
is

abcut

miles from

cipice.

Montrofe,

in this parilh.

Here a of

granite, interfperSed with

Benlomond is chiefly compofed immenfe

fail-cloth manufactory was eftabliShed maifes of quart-z; considerable quantifome time ago, by a company of Dun- ties of micaceous fchijlus are found dee merchants, which has been of even at the top, and many rocks near great fervice to the neighbourhood. the baSe* of the mountain are entirely There are Several quarries of excel- compofed of that mineral. To the lent freeftone. The town of Benholme botanift, Benlomond (from the num-

has been a Strong place of detente, before the invention of gunpowder. Population in 1793, about 1560. Benivenow ; a mountain in the parifh of Aberfoyle, in Perthshire, is moftly compofed of calcareous matter, many pieces of which, from its fine polifh, is ufed inftead of marble. The elevation of the mountain is nearly 3000 feet above the level of the Sea. Benlawers a mountain near Kenmore, in Perthshire; is fuppofed to be next in height to Benevis. It is Situated on the banks of Loch Tay riling in a conical Shape to the height of 4015 feet above the level of the Sea. Benledi", oi-Benledia, " the hill of God .," a mountain in the parifh of
; ;

ber of rare plants

it

pofieifes,) will af-

ford great amufement. Ben more, a mountain in the pariSh of Killin, in the county of Perth. It is Situated by the fide of Loch Dochart, in the pafs between Glendoehart and
Strathfillaur.
Its

figure

is

conical,

and by Stobie's map of Perthshire, its elevation above the level of the fea is
3903
feet.

Benuaish;

a mountain of great

height, in the parifh of Killearn, in the county of RoSs. Its top is constantly

covered with Snow.

a mountain in Balthe county of Perth ; is eitimated by Mr. Stobie to be 3300 feet above the level of the fea. Callender, Perthshire. It riSes from aBf.regonivm ; the ancient metrofmall bale to the height of 3009 feet polis of Scotland, is Said to have beea above the level of the Sea, command- lituated in the parilh of Ardchattan, ing an extenfive profpec"t of the wind- Argyllshire. It was the chief reiidence ings of the Forth. On the top are tire of the Scottish kings, from Fergus IL remains of a druidical temple. till the removal of the feat of the goBenlomond; a mountain in the vernment to Dunftaffnage. Vide Ardparifh of Buchannan, in Dumbarton- chattan and Muckairn. shire ; is Situated on the borders of RA; one of the weftern Loch Lomond, from the level of which ifies, is a beautiful and fertile ifland, it rifes majestically to the height of about 5 miles in circumference. The 3240 feet, and 3262 feet above the le- foil is fandy, but when manured with vel of the fea. Its height is Surpafied Sea weed, extremely productive. It by Benevis, Benlawers, and Some other was formerly a druidical Sanctuary mountains ; but the difference is more has Still a wood of yew trees, with than compensated by the magnificence which the groves were planted when of its infulated Situation, with reipecl devoted to religious purpofes. In the to the neighbouring hills. Its form is center of the ifland is a frefn water a truncated cone, and its- Sides, parti- lake, called Loch-Bruift, diverfified
;

Benvoirlich

quhidder parilh,

in

BERNE

BER
with finall iflfets. There are 2 chapels on the ifland, dedicated to St. Afaph

BER
ancient
is a fine deep loam, and the higher a mixture of clay and gravel nearly one half of the parish is under crop. considerable quantity of fea

grounds

and

St.

Columbus.
;

BiikThJ

the

name of an

city in Perthshire, at the time of the invalion of Britain by the Romans under Agricola. It was fituated on a
,

ware

is

thrown afhore, which

is

much

point of land, formed by the confluence of the Tay and Almond, about 4 miles above Perth. Here the remains of a timber bridge are to be feen, confining of Hones and beams, on which the Romans palled over the Tay into Stiathmore. Tradition reports Bertha to have been fwept a-

eSteemed as a manure for raifmg bear or barley. Water has been lately brought into the town by means of pipes ; the expence of which was defrayed by a voluntary tax amongft the inhabitants. Population of the whole pariSh in 1792, including the burgh of Bervie, about 1000.

way by a flood. BERVIE, or INVERBERVIE

a ; royal burgh in the county of Kincardine. It is fituated at the mouth of the fmall river Bervie, which forms a fmall and inconvenient harbour for The original plan of Sihing boats. the fcreets of the burgh appears to have been very regular, and judicioufly laid out, but it has not been adhered to, every houfe being put down according to the fancy of the builder. fine bridge was lately thrown over the water of Bervie, the dead arches of which have been fitted up as a town-hall, &c. Bervie was constituted a royal borough by a charter from king David, in the year 1342, as a return for the kindnefs and hofpitality with which the inhabitants received him, when he was forced in here by ftrefs of weather. The place on which lie landed to this day bears his name, and is called Craig David. James VI. in 1595, renewed the charter, and confirmed all the privilegesandimmunities granted by king David. It appears in former times to have been a conliderable fiihing Station, but all the fiShermen are now removed to the village of

Bervie Brow, or Craig David; a bold promontory, fituated on the N. fide of Bervie water, in the pariih of Kinneff; it is a conSpicuous land-

mark

for mariners,

and

is

feen at fea

at the distance of 15 leagues. Berv 1 e ; a fmall river in KincardineIt takes its riSe in the parish of Glenbervie, and after a courfe of 9 miles, falls into the German ocean. Near its influx into the Sea, is the royal burgh of Bervie, where a handfome Stone bridge has been lately built. BERWICKSHIRE i of an irregular fquare form, bounded on the N. by Eaft-Lothian ; on the E. by the German ocean ; on the S. by the river Tweed, and the English border ; and on the W. by the counties of Roxburgh, Peebles, and Mid-Lothian. Its extent in length may be Stated at 34 miles, and its breadth 19. This county is nominally divided into 3 diftri&s,

Shire.

Lauderdale, Lammermuir, and Merfe or March. The firft is that opening or valley in the Lammermuir hills, through which the river Leader runs. Lammermuir comprehends the ridge of hills which feparate this county from Eaft-Lothian, extending from the head of Leader water to the fea, below the town of Berwick. The Gourdon, a more eligible Situation, a- Merfe or March includes that fertile bout 2 miles farther S. This is the fea and populous plain, Stretching from port of Bervie, to which 8 or 9 fmall the hills, along the banks of the Tweed. veSTels belong. There is a machine for Berwickshire contains one royal boSpinning linen yarn, which was the firft rough, viz. Lauder; and feveral large of the kind in Scotland ; alio a Salmon towns and villages, as Dunfe, Coldfifhery, belonging to Vifcount Arbuth- Jlream, Coldingham, Ayton, and Eyenot and Mr. Barclay of Ury, of 120I. mouth. It is divided into 32 parochiThe revenue of al diftricls ; and contains, by the late Sterling yearly rent. the burgh does not exceed 3 81. per an- enumeration in 1801, 29,908 inhabinum. The population of the burgh tants. The chief rivers are the Tweed, the Leader, the Eye, the Whittadder, is about 607. The pariih of Bervie is fmall, ex- and Blackadder. The two roads to tending only 2 miles in length, and It London pafs through the county. In in breadth. The Soil on the low the MerSe the ftate of agriculture is
viz.

BER
excellent 3 and, though fa late as 60 years ago, the greater part was barren and uncultivated, it is now moftly enMany farms, clofed and improved. which at that time brought no return to the proprietor, or fo fmall as fcarcely to dtferve notice, are now rented In no counas high as 300I. or 400I. ty in Great Britain is there a more refpeftable tenantry than there is at prefent in the county of Berwick ; many of them rent from 500I. to 1500I. per annum ; they are moftly men well in-

BER
a great quantity is annually exported from Berwick to London. The principal refidences in the county are Hirfel, the feat of the Earl of" Home Marchmont-houfe, the feat of the Earl of Marchmont; Ayton, the feat of Mr. Fordyce ; and Dunfe-caftle, the feat of Hay of Drumelzier. Befides thefe, are many other elegant feats. From the fituation of this county, on the border of England, it was neceffary that it fhould be ftrongly fortified, to guard as far as poffible againft the inroads of the Englifh, during the wars which exifted between the two nations accordingly, we find numerous ftrong caftles and fortified places in almoft every parifh in the county. The valued rent of Berwickfhire is 178,3651. Scots, and the real land rent may be eftimated at u8,8ool. fterling. a royal burgh, on the ; borders of England and Scotland, and a county of itfelf. It ftands on the N. or Scots fide of the river Tweed. It was originally a Scots town, and ftill is a liberty of itfelf diftinct from England. It was formerly the chief town

formed

in fcience, intelligent

and

in-

duftrious in their profeffion, and are generally enabled in a few years to purchafe property to the amount of
200I. per

annum, on which they en-

joy, otium cum dignitate, the juft reward of their labour, attention, diligence, and good fenfe. The county of Berwick exports from the ports of

BERWICK

Berwick and Eyemouth, above 80,000 bolls of victual; and the fame quantity is annually carried to the weekly markets of Edinburgh, Dalkeith, Haddington, and Dunbar. There is plenty of marl in the county ; but the
farmers prefer lime as the moft profitable, though at the diftance of 18 or ao miles. The minerals in this diftrict hitherto discovered, are few, and thefe are by no means valuable. Coal has been found only in fmall quantiThere is plenty ties near Eyemouth. of freeftone fit for building, and both rock and ihell marl are found in dif-

of Merfe or March, which

rally called the

ftill is

gene-

county of Berwick. This was always a bone of contention betwixt the Englifh and Scots and
;

Copper hasbeen wrought neighbourhood of Lauder ; and fome years ago, a mine of the fame metal was difcovered in the parifh of Bonkle. The parifh of Mordington contains ironftone, but of too fmall value as to render it an object of manufacture. The rocks which comferent places.
in the

pofe the
fchiftus,

Lammermuir hills,
with alternate

are chiefly

ftrata of fand-

ftone.

is a rock of the puddingftone, in the pieces of which it is not uncommon it fends two members to parliament. to find fragments of porphyry, gra- It has barracks fufficient to accommonite, and even limeftone. Near the date 2 regiments of foot. vaft quanWhittadder, in the parifh of Chirnfide, tity of corn and eggs are annually exis a fpecies of gypfum, which has been ported ; but the principal trade is the of great ufe as a manure. The cele- falmon caught in the Tweed, part of brated mineral well, called Dunfe Spa, which are fent to London alive, and which is fomewhat fimilar to Tun- fome pickled in large kits. bridge, is fituated about a mile from BERWICK (NORTH) ; a royal the town of Dunfe. The rivers con- burgh in the county of Haddington, tain trout, and falmon ; of which laft of verv ancient erection but its old

At Eyemouth
called

lpecies

have accounts of its frequent change of matters. It is pleafantly fituated, on a gentle declivity, clofe by the fea ; and furrounded with high walls, regularly fortified, having a ditch on the N. E. ; the river ferving for a moat on the fouth fide. It is joined to England by a bridge 947 feet long, with 15 arches. The town is well built, and governed by a mayor, recorder, town-clerk, and 4 bailies. It had a ftrong caftle, which is now in ruins. Though this town is not acknowledged either to be in England or Scotland, its church is a rectory in the diocefe of Durham. The Englifh judges alfo hold affizes here, and

we

BIR
original charter being loft or deftroyed, (juftice;

BIR

higher up is the ruin of ftrong fquare fortrefs, with circular it obtained a new one from King James VI. It anciently enjoyed a confider- turrets at each corner. Birnam was able trade ; but no manufactures are anciently a foreft, and a part of the royal domain of Scotland. It is difat prefent carried on to any extent and a few cargoes of grain are the only tant about J 2 miles from Dunfinnan, exports at its harbour. The parifh ex- once the feat and fortrefs of MacbethBIRNIE ; a parifh in the county of tends along the fea coaft about 3 miles, and is about 2= miles in breadth, and Elgin, about 5 miles in length, and z in breadth. The general appearance is wholly arable, with the exception of a beautiful conical eminence, called is bleak and rugged, the greateft part N. Berwick Law, and about 80 acres being covered with heath and rnofs. of links. The foil is generally rich, The parifh is interfered with three The an- rivulets, viz. Lennock, Barden, and fertile, and well cultivated. cient caftle of Tamtallan ftands about Rufhcrook, which fall into the Loffie. Berwick, on a high The arable land lies principally on the 2. miles from N. rock, furrounded on 3 fides by the fea, banks of thefe rivulets. The foil is and on the 4th by a deep fofle, with fandy and thin ; but agriculture is a draw-bridge. The ifland Bafs is an- much attended to, owing to the exernexed to this parifh ; (vide Bass.) tions of the Earl of Findkter. There ;are fcveral natural caves, which are Population in 1793, 1300. Biel ; a fmall river in the- county much admired by vifitors. Population of Haddington, which empties kfelf in 1 7 9:3 > 402. BlRSE ; a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, into the Frith of Forth near Dunbar. BIGGAR a town and parifh of lying on the S. banks of the river Dee, Lanarkshire, extending in length about and forming nearly a fquare of io6 miles, and 3 4- in breadth. The fur- miles. The furface is uneven in fome places rocky and mountainous ; and face is partly hilly, and partly level with heathy muirs, and fertile fields beautifully diverfified with hill and The foil is in general dale, wood and water. There are 3 interfperfed, poor and thin, and a conhderable por- diftricls or ftraths in the parifh, dition of it covered with natural grafs. vided by 3 ridges of hills, which take a large tumulus, and the veftiges of 3 S. W. direction towards the' GrampiRoman camps, are in the parjfh. Tra- ans from the river Dee. In the valleys, dition reports a fevere and bloody en- formed by the 3 ridges, run 3 ftreams gagement to have taken place in the of water, viz. the Feugh, the Ghattie, vicinity of the town, betwixt the Scots and the Birfe j all of which difcharge All thefe under Sir W. Wallace, and the Eng- themftlves into the Dee. Mi army. Population of the pariih abound with excellent trout and fal-mon. Of the whole extent not more about 1000. Bin n-n a-bai rd, and B'inn-na- than 2500 acres are under cultivation; muick-duidh ; two lofty mountains the reft of the pariih being hill, mofs, in the parifh of Crathy, in Aberdeen- or covered with that extenfive foreft They are covered conftantly of natural wood, called the foreft of fhire. with fiiow ; and extending in the fame Birfe. The arable foil is light and ridge with the Cairngoram mountain, fharp ; but in fome places it inclines to furnifh the fame fpecies of topaz, which loam, and even clay. Agriculture is has got the name of Cairngoram ftones. yet in its infancy ; prejudices are with Emeralds have alfo been found ; and great difficulty overcome. The whole a fpecies of brown/F/c ceous ftone, which abounds with excellent limeftone, of which a conhderable quantity is burnt takes a fine polifh. Birnam ; a hill in the parifh of Lit- on the eftate of the Earl of Aboyne. tie Dunkeld, rendered claffic ground The road from. Dundee to Invernefs, by the magic pen of Shakefpere. It by the Cairn 0' Mount, runs through Large upright ftones, rifes with a rude and ftriking magnifi- the parifh. cence to the height of 1580 feet above cairns, and, other relics of druidical the level of the fea. Near the foot of worfhip, are frequent. At Tillyfrifky the hill is a round mount, called Dun- there is a fubftance Avhich has the ap-< can's hill, where it is faid that un- pearance of volcanic lava. In 1793, fortunate monarch held his court of. the population amounted to 1253..
>

B L
Blackburn
;

BLA
very Strongly a vein of copper ore. The higher!' of thefe hills is only j-fSb feet above the level of the Sea. Blackhouse Heights; a ridge of hills in the county of Selkirk. The higheft point of elevation of thefe hills meafures 2373 feet above the level of
the lea.

a fmall river in the

parifh of Caftktown, in Roxburghshire. It is celebrated for the romantic falls and cafcades which are formed by its it-ream. One of the falls is in 3 7 \ feet in height, and %o feet breadth. One of the greateft curioflt'ies in the county, or perhaps in Scotland^ is a natural bridge of ftone, over ftr-etches acrofs the the river. It It ftrea'm, uniting the oppofite hills. is 55 feet long, ic-J broad, and the thicknefs of the arch is i\ feet of folid ftone, and is not compofed of an entire rock, but has the appearance of

BLACK
fhire.

ISLE

a diftrict in Rofs-

Vide Ardmeanach.
or

Blackwater,
in the

Blackadder

river in Berwickshire.

It takes its rife

Lammermuir hills, and after a courfe of 16 or 18 miles, falls into the Whittadder, near the village of AllanSeveral fquare ftofies united together town, in the parifh of Edron. It is in the neateft manner; the height of celebrated for the excellence of the trout caught in it.' the arch from the water is 31 feet. Blackness-Castle ; an ancient ; a parifh in Perthshire, of a circular figure, having a fort or garrifon, in the pariih of Camdiameter of nearly 6 miles. ridge den, in Linlithgowfhire. It is one of of the Ochill hills occupy the South- the oldeft fortifications in Scotland, ern part, which on the S. fide, towards built on a fort of peninfuia, on the S. the river Devon, is fteep and craggy ; fide of the river Forth, being a regular but on the N. it defcends gently to fort of 4 ban ions, which, along with the flat part of the parifh, watered by the fortifications on the fmall ifland of the Allan, which abounds with trout. Incbgarvy, feems completely to comThe foil is by no means good, being mand the pafSage of the Forth to Stirthin, with a gravelly bottom, and ling. It is one of the 4 forts, which, leaked with water from numerous by the articles of Union, are to be fprings. great part ismarfhy; and a kept in conftant repair. It has a goheathy muir of considerable extent oc- vernor, lieutenant-governor, and a cupies the northern part of this dis- fmall company of invalidsBladen och ; a river in the county trict. The vicinity to the Ochils renders the climate moift, and unfavour- of Galloway. It rifes in the hills, able to vegetation. There are a few which divide Galloway from Carrick, fmall lakes, from which the Ruthven and after a winding courfe of 24 miles, and Allan take their rife. The quar- empties itfclf into the bay of Wigtom ries afford ffeeftone of a very hard Several ifiands are formed in its bed, quality, which is admirably adapted which are famous for the refort of for making m'31ftones ; and detach- eagles, which have chofen them as a ed whinftones are Scattered- over the place of Safety. whole furface. There are the remains an extenfive of feveral ancient chapels; and the fite Highland pariih, in Perthshire, being of a fmall Roman camp is eafiiy dis- in length about 30, and in breadth covered, by the profile of the vallum about 1 8 miles. In So large a tract of being distinctly marked. Population country, the appearance, furface, and foil, iauil be exceedingly various. The in 1782, 1360. Blackford Hills. This ridge of pinnacle of the high mountains prefent hills, which lies about 3 miles S. W. to the eye nothing but bare rocks, the of Edinburgh, may almoft be consi- weather haying warned away the foil. dered as a part of Braid Hills, being little farther down, heath, and a few -compofed of the Same materials, and other plants, exhibit the appearance, only Separated from them by a Small of vegetation ; defcending lower, a few rivulet; (vide Braid Hills.] But green Spots, interfperScd with heath there is found here another mineral, and mofs, afford pafture to a few catwhich has not been discovered in the tie. Below this the foil becomes betlaft mentioned hills : this is a greeniih ter, and the glens between the hills earth compofed of copper pyrites, and are capable of cultivation, and yeiid Jparry crystallizations, which indicate tolerable crops. There are many

BLACKFORD

'

'

BLAIR-ATHOL;

B L

BL A

lakes and rivers in the parifh, which ries, but the fione is of inferior quality run in the valleys between the hills. and muirftone abounds in every part. The names of the principal mountains There are feveral chalybeate fprings, are Beinn-deirg, 3550 feet, and Beinn- one of which is particularly reforted Confiderable quantities of houfeglo, 3724 feet above the level of the to. fea. Befides thefe, Strathgroy, Rata- hold linen are manufactured. The mhili, &c. are elevated to a confider- new method of hufbandry is practifed able height. The rivers are, the Tum- here with great fuccefs. Newtonmel, and Garry, Erochty, Bruar, and houfe, the birth-place of the juftly ceTilt. There is no extenfive wood ; lebrated George Drummond, Efq. fix
it is probable, from many appearances, that the whole was a part of the ancient Caledonian foreft. The language fpoken here is the Gaelic ; very few, unlefs the higher claffes, underftand Englifh ; confequently, all the names of places are derived from that language, and are defcriptive of fome peculiarity of the place. Loch Tummel contains a fmall fortified ifland. The defcription of Atholhoufe, and of the extenfive policies and natural curiofities that furround it, would extend this article far beyond our limits, particularly as every tourift, who has vifited this neighbourhood, has given a minute account of all that is worth notice. There are a number of antiquities, as forts, cairns, tumuli, &c. Granite of different colours compofe the greater part of the hills. LimeftSne is found in 3 extenfive veins ; and many other minerals, as pebbles, agates, &c. abound in the diftrict. Population in 1791, 3120. BLAIR-Gl)WRIE, a village and parifh in the county of Perth. The village was erected into a burgh of barony in 1634, of which Colonel

though

times elected Lord Provoft of Edinburgh, is a fine old manfion, commanding an extenfive profpect. There
are feveral cairns
in the parifh.

and druidical

circles

Population returned to

Sir J. Sinclair, 165 1. Blane ; a fmall river in the

county

of Stirling. It has its fource in Earl's feat, one of Lennox hills ; and after running 3 or 4 miles S. W. is precipitated over feveral very high falls. The moft remarkable is the fjbot/t of Eallagan, a cafcade of 70 feet. Here the fide of the hill, cut through by the river, difcovers 192 alternate flrata of earth and limeftone. After a courfe of 8 miles farther, it joins Endrick, a fhort way before it talis into Loch Lomond. Several fpecimens of antimony are found in its bed ; but the mine from

which they have been wafhed

yet difcovered.

is

not

BLANTYRE;

a parifh in the

M'Pherfon

is

fuperior.

The

parifh

extends in an irregular form in length about 1 1 miles, and about 3 in breadth. It is divided into 2 diftricts by the Grampians, which form the northern is lately erected a very extenfive cotboundary of the valley of Strathmore. ton-fpinning machinery, which gives The hills are covered with heath, and employment to a great number of there are confiderable tracts of muir, children, and has increafed the popumofs, and natural wood. The arable lation at leaft one half. On the banks foil is generally a ftiff loam, and part of the Calder there has lately been is gravelly. The Ifla, Ericht, and Ar- difcovered a vaft quantity of ironftone, dle, are the rivers which abound with of excellent quality, which is now trout and falmon. The Ericht is a wrought to great advantage. The very rapid river, and has fome very fine ftone is dug out, and carried to the cafcades; its banks are highly orna- diftance of 7 miles, to be fmelted in a mented, and many gentlemen have put furnace, near Glafgow. Many of thefe down fummer quarters in its vicinity. ftones bear diftinct imprefiions of pine There are many lakes of different fizes, leaves, oak branches, &c. There is fome of which when drained have a mineral fpring, ftrongly impregnatyielded great quantities of excellent ed with fulphur, diffolved by means larl. There are two freeftone quar- of hydrogen gas, which ufed to be muc\

county of Lanark, about 6 miles in length, and on an average 1 in breadth. In the whole pariih there is neither hill nor valley. The foil is various but though part is clay, loam, and fand, the whole is very fertile, except towards the fouthern extremity, where it becomes a deep peat mofs. It is watered by the Calder ; and the Clyde forms the northern boundary. There

BOL
reforted to, and is ftill famed in feroThe phulous and fcorbutic cafes. ruins of the ancient priory of Blantyre are fituated on the top of a rock, which rifes perpendicularly from the Clyde, commanding a very romantic and extenfive view. Blantyre gives the title of baron to the noble family of

BON
A

black cattle and fneep fed in the hilly great deal of part of the country. natural wood ftill remains ; and, from the remarkable large trunks of oak trees found in all the modes, we may conclude the whole country has been an extenfive oak foreft. Fort Augustus, the center of communication betwixt the eaftern and weftern coafts Stewart. Population in 179a, 1040. Bogie; a river in Aberdeenfhire. of the kingdom, is in this diftrift The It rifes in the parifh of Auchindoir, fall of Foyers, near which the feat of and after running through a rich and Frazer of Foyers is fituated, is a rebeautiful valley or ftrath, to which it markable cafcade. The parifh abounds gives its name, and Supplying the with a number of lakes, which contain bleachfields at Huntly with fine foft a variety of fifh, and feveral rivers inwater, falls into the Deveron, a little terfect it. Granite, of beautiful apbelow that town, 12 or 13 miles from pearance, is found in the hills. Initsfource. It abounds with trout; and exhauftible quarries of limeftone are a fine bridge of 3 arches is thrown wrought in feveral parts. On one of the hills are the remains of an old forover the river at Huntly. a parifh fituated part- tification, the only relic of antiquity. ; ly in Bamffshire, and partly in the Population in 1790-8, including port county of Moray. Its figure is fo ir- Auguftus, 1 741. ; a parifh of a very irregular, that no accurate idea can be given of its extent. The rivers Spey regular figure, in Haddingtomhire. and Fiddich run at the bottom of an Its extreme length may be about 6 extenfive valley, which is furrounded miles, while its breadth is not more with high mountains, of which the than i\. The furface is level, with hill of Benlageen is the moft remark- the exception of a gentle riling about The foil is in general a {tiff, the middle of the parifh. The foil is able. rich, deep clay, lying on a bed of fertile, and the farms enclofed. They limeftone, which is very retentive of fhew a camp of 5 or 6 acres extent, moifture ; but is, however, tolerably with a rampart and ditch but, confertile, particularly in dry feafons. The cerning it, even tradition does not hahoufe of Airndilly, belonging to Col. zard a conjecture. Population in 1793, M'Dowal Grant, is delightfully fitu- 235BONHILL; a parifh in Dumbarated on a riling ground, on the banks of the Spey, and commands an ex- tonshire, forming a fquare of about 4 The caftle of Gal- miles. It lies on both fides of the tenfive profpecT:. val, which was in the year 1200 named Leven, on the banks of which are efCaftellum de Bucharin, is a ruin of tabiifhed feveral extenfive printfields The parifh is all great extent and folidity. Population and bleachfields. enclofed. On the banks of the Leven in 1793, 1294. BOLESKINE and ABERTARF. the foil is partly loam, and partly graThefe united pariihes are fituated in velly ; backwards, the rifing ground They ex- is wet, and in fome places covered the county of Invernefs. tend in length about 24, and in breadth with heath. There are fome very The country, as large trees in the parifh, and fome exabout 12 miles. might be fuppofed from its extent, is tenfive plantations of larix and Scots various in its furface. The W. part fir. Population in 1793, 2310. of the diftricl:, fituated at the weftern and PRESTON. Thefe extremity of Loch-Nefs, is very level; united parifhes, lying in Berwickshire, the eaftern diftrict is mountainous. form a fquare of nearly 6 miles. The The foil is as various as the furface, foil on the high lands, towards the affording fpecimens from the fineft Lammermuir hills, is thin, dry, and clay or light loam, to the worft gra- poor ; but has of late been much imFarmers have proved with lime and marl. The reft vel or deep y?ew mofs. not begun to employ lime as a ma- of the parifh, particularly on the banks nure, though plenty is to be got in of the Whitadder, which runs through the parilh. There are a great many it, is a fertile loam. considerable
.

BOHARM

BOLTON

BONKLE

BOR
of fheep are fed for the EngBih market. Clay marl is found in great abundance on the banks of the Win tadder, which has be -_n of great ui'c as a manure. There is plenty of muir

BOR
of ancient fortifications. Population in 1793-8, 771. a parifh in the county of Edinburgh, of an irregular form ; but its extent in length may on an average be faid to be 6 miles, and its breadth about 4 miles. It lies in a pleafant valley, having an uneven furface. The foil varies according to the ground, from a light loam to a mofiy foil, on a cold till bottom. The ftate of cultivation is perhaps equal to any other part of Scotland, and the vicinity to Dalkeith affords a ready market to the corndealer. There are 2 fmall villages in the parifh, viz. Ford and Middleton at the laft of which is a regular port-office. Lime and coal abound in the parifh. About a mile and a half from the church, there is beautifully (ituated by the fide of the water, the ruins of Borthwick, built in the year 1436, by Lcrd Borthwick. It is an amazing mafs of building, feemingly of great ftrength, furrounded on every iide with water, except on the W. where the entrance was defended by 2 towers. Oliver Cromwell belieged this caftle in 1650, and it was furrendered to him on his fummons. Here alio the Earl of Bothwell, and his fair confort, the unfortunate Mary, took refuge, till after the battle of Carberryhill. This parifh has pro-

somber

many remains

BORTHWICK;

and

freeftone.

lately difcovered cftate

;

copper mine was on Lord Douglas s but, though very rich at lirft,
:

it became ib poor, that it was given up. Population in 1793, 622 ; ini8oi, 674.

BOOSHALA,orBHU-ACHAILLE;
a {mail ifland, S. of the ifland of Staffed from which it is feparated by a
ftormy channel, about 30 yards wide. It is of an irregular pyramidal form,
entirely compofed of bafaltic pillars, Inclined in. every direction, but principally pointing towards the top of the cone, refembling very much billets of wood, piled up in order to be charred. Many of the columns are horizontal, and fome of them bent into fegmeats of circles. a final! fertile ifland ; of the Hebrides, lying northward of N.. Uiflr. It extends only a mile and a half in length, and half a mile in breadth; and rents at only 12I. ster-

BORERAY

ling-.

BORGUE

a parifh in the ftewartry

of Kirkcudbright. Its extent is in length about 10, and its extreme breadth is 7 miles ; but, from its irregularity, the fuperficial contents are not more than 40 fquare miles. It is bounded nearly one half of its circumference by the fea, having an extent of eoaft of upwards of 15 miles, indented with ieveral bays, where veffels may anchor with fafety ; in other places of the coaft it prefents a perpendicular cliff, 300 feet high to the fea. The furface is very unequal, but there are no high The foil is a fine loam, tolerhills. ably productive in fhowery feafons. Though rnoftly arable, a great part of the parifh is under pafture, and a good number of black cattle and fheep are reared. A fmall manufactory of cotton was lately begun. There is plenty of marl in many parts of the parifh and a fmall vein of limeftone has lately been difcovered. Shells are found in
;

duced many eminent men whole names and character are fowell known, as to need only to be mentioned. In
;

literature, the late Principal

Robert-

law, the different Dundalfes of Arnifton, are yet unrivalled, In mechanics alfo, we may mention James Small, the inventor of the new plough, and other excellent agricultural inftruments. Population in 1792,
fon,

and

in

8 j 8.

BORROWSTOWNNESS, orBO;

NESS

a barony and parifh in the county of Linlithgow, extending 4 miles in length, and 2'! in breadth ; on the banks of the Frith of Forth. The
furface
is

various, inclining gradually

on the N. toward the Forth, and on the W. to the river Avon. The foil is a deep loam, well cultivated. Bo-nefs great abundance in the different bays, is a burgh of barony, governed by a and have been fuccefsfully ufed as a bailie, appointed by the Duke of Hamanure and freeftone and whinftone milton, the fole heritor. The Duke There are two fine began lately to build a prifon and are abundant. ruins, called the tower of Balmangari, court-room ; but the defign is now ar and Plunton-caftle. Bcfides, there are bandoned. The harbour of Bc-nefs
;

BOT
is one of the fafeft and moil commodious in the Frith of Forth. The flap-

BOW
an elegant houfe. ation in 1795. 2707.
field, is alfo

Pop-

amounts to about a very confiderable trade in fhipbuilding, for which this place has been long very famous. There are feveral excellent coal pits in the neighbourhood, the exportation of which is a great increale. to the
ping belonging to
io,oool.
it,

There

is

trade of the town.

extenfive

There

is

a parifh in Bamffextending in length 4-}-, and in breadth 3 miles. The greater part of the parifh corJifts of one beautifiji itrath, between two ridges of hills, with the little river Ifla runnrngthrough the middle. The banks of the ftream alfo an are adorned' with fine plantations of
;

BOTR1PHN1E

fhire,

manufactory of fait, and Ironftone abounds, and ftoneware. thei-e are great beds of limeftone but the quality is not good. Quarries of freeftone and granite are wrought
;

in the parifh.
is

belonging to the
country. 3200.
in the

The houfe of Kinniel, Duke of Hamilton,

a great ornament to this part of the Population in 1793, about

BOTH-KENNAR

a fmall parifh

county of Stirling, forming a fquare of about i-'-mile. It is perfectly level through its whole extent, and every acre is enclofed and cultivated. The foil is moftiy a deep clay, producing plentiful crops. There are 1 z Orchards of confiderable extent, which are very productive. The river Can-on
interfects the parifn, over
is

which there

a bridge at this place. able portion of ground has gained by embankments Forth, which forms the Population in 1793, about

A confiderbeen
lately

from

the

boundary.

600. a great, noble, and ancient barony, fituated on the banks of the Clyde, in the county of Lanark. It is nearly an oval figure, extending 8|r miles in length, and 4 in breadth. Upon 'the banks of the in 1793, 450. river there is an entenfive flat country, extending in length awhich is terminated by a gentle rifing bout 6, and in breadth 44 miles, is a. towards the N. and E. The foil is parifh in the county of Roxburgh. excellent ; and the expofure renders it There are a few eminences, but it is particularly adapted for culture. There in general level, and about threeis neither muir nor mofs in the parifh. fourths are under crop ; the remaindBefides the Clyde, it is interfected by er is mofs, and a fmall plantation of the Calder, which are beautifully fkirt- Scots firs. The foil is fertile, and agried with wood. The roads from Edin- culture is practiced by fyftem. The burgh to Glafgow, and from Glafgow farmer labours under great difadvanto Carlifle, pafs through the parifh. tage from its dihance from lime and There are a number of excellent quar- coal. There are remains of a militaiy ries of freeftone, and fome excellent road through the par fh, and a ruin of coal. Bothwell-caftle, the feat of the Holydean, once a ftrong fortification, family of Douglas, is an extenfive and and the rcfidence of the Dukes of Roxnoble ftructure. The ruins of the cha- burgh. The family of Cane of Capel, and the old caftle of Bothwel, are vers, one of the moft ancient of Scotmuch admired by all vifitors. Wood- land, have their refidence in this pahall, the feat of Col. Campbell of Shaw- rifh. Population in 1793, 860.

BOTH WELL

is

birch and alder. The foil is fertile, being generally of a rich black loam, and in fome places a ftrong clay. Limeftone is to be found in every field; but it is not much ufed in agriculture. Only 2 or 3 farms are enclofed. The neighbouring hills fupply peat mofs for fuel. Population in 1793, 620. B'J-URTIE ; a parifh 4 miles long* and 2 broad ; fituate in the county of Aberdeen. Two ridges of hills ran through the whole extent of the parifh; but they are fo little elevated, that the marks of the plough are vifible within 50 yards of the top. great part of the parifh is enclofed, and well cultivated. The foil is generally clay, tolerably fertile, .and oxen are much ufed for the purpofes of agriculture. The great difadvantage is the diftance from lime, which prevents its general ufe as a manure. On the hill of Barra. are diftinct veftiges of an extenfive circular camp, which occupies nearly 3 acres, and is furrounded by 3 ditches ; and tradition reports, that here Thomas de Longueville, the brave aiTociate of Sir William Wallace, was killed. There are alfo 3 druidical circles, which are pretty entire. Population

BOWDEN,

BRA
a parifh in the county of ; Caithnefs, extending about 7 miles in length, and 3 in breadth. The pariih is fiat, and the cultivated land confifts principally of a long ftrath, bounded on the N. and S. by a ridge of hills. Moft of the commons are capable of being converted into excellent arable ground, but from the practice of cultivating the land in patches, with a runrig to every pendicle farm, much good land is neglected. The foil is generally a ftrong clay, and loam. Peat mofs is the only article of fuel, of which there is great abundance. There are feveral cairns and remains of druidical circles in the pariih, one of which bears a name fimilar to Loda, one of the Scandinavian deities. Population
s

BRA
but are noted for the numerous minerals with which they abound. A ftratum of the petunft runs through them, continued from the ftratum of the fame mineral in the Pentland hills. This mineral is fimilar to the petunfe of the Chinefe, and has been employed with great fuccefs in the manufacture of Britifh porcelain ; (vide Pentland Hills.) Befides this mineral, pet rojilex, terra ponderofa, zeolites,

BOWER

and agates, have been found

in confi-

derable maffes. Several fine fpecimens of molybditna have been alfo found. The furface of the hills is covered with whins, and a coarfe benty grafs. Thefe are feparated from the Blackford hills by a fmall rivulet, named Braid's burn, near which Mr. Gordon in 1793? J 59 2 the proprietor has erected a retired a fmall pariih in villa, which from its fituation has been Bamfffhire, extending inlength5 miles, named the hermitage of Braid. The and from a mile to a mile and a half moft elevated point of Braid hills is in breadth. About one half is arable about 700 feet above the level of the the reft being being hilly, and fitter for pafture. The foil is various ; and BRAID ALBIN ; a diftrict of Perthupon the whole, agriculture is well fhire, bounded on the N. and E. by attended to. This may be afcribed to Lochaber and Athol ; on the S. by the example of the Earl of Findlater, Stratherne and Monteith ; on the W. who firft introduced into this diftrict by Lochaber, Lorn, and Knapdale. Its the practice of green crops, and fum- extent in length is about 2,i miles, and mer fallow. The fea bounds the pa- in breadth 31. It is a very mountainrifh for about 3 miles ; and a thriv- ous country, lying amongft the Graming fifhing town called Whitehills, is pians, and is fuppofed to be the highThis vil- eft land in Scotland. It has feveral built on one of the creeks. lage, contains about 460 perfons, moft extenfive lakes, the fides of which are The foil of the of whom are employed in the fifhery. finely ornamented. There are feveral flourifhing young valleys of this diftrict is fertile, and plantations. Population in 1793, 1260. productive of heavy crops. The high a pariih in the mountains, by their attraction of the Vide Sky. ifland of Sky. clouds, caufe the rain to fall in great a thriving and po- abundance ; the fnow, too, lies long ; pulous village in the parifh of Car- upon the hills ; and owing to thefe luke, Lanarkshire, the fuperiority of circumftances, the fpring is generally which belongs to the Earl of Lauder- late and cold ; but when fummer dale, and Lockhart of Carnwath. The commences, by the reflection of the great Roman road, called Watling- fun from the adjacent hills, the heat It is much greater than in the level counfcreet, paffes through the village. is diftant about 8 miles from the town tries, and vegetation advances with great rapidity. In fome of the valleys of Lanark. a mountainous dif- of the Grampians, barley has often ; trict of Scotland, in the county of A- been reaped in good order, 9 weeks berdeen. Here the laft Earl of Marr after it has been fown. On the hills began to raife the rebellion of 17 15. a great many flieep are reared, and much wool is fent out of the country. Vide Crathy and Marr. number of the inhabitants are emBraid Hills are a continuation of the fame ridge of hills, of which the ployed during the fummer in gatherPentlands are a part. They are fitu- ing from the rocks corcur, or lichen ated about 2 miles S. of Edinburgh. ompkaloid.es, a fpecies of mofs, which

BOYNDIE;

BRACADALE;

BRADWOOD

BRAE-MARR

They are not of any remarkable height;

is

ufed by dyers

it

is

fold

from

is.

BRA
4cL to is. 6d. per ftone. Braidalbin mud he admired by all lovers of pic^ contains inexhauftible quarries oflime- turefque fceneryj fpeaks of this fcene The high hills, of which Ben- as the moft interefting of the kind he ftone. liwers is the chief in this diftrict, are ever faw. The whole fcene and its moftly ctimpofed of a gray granite, accompaniments/' he obferves, " are containing beautiful cryftals oi fcbeorl, not only grand, but picturefquely beauand micaceous fragments. There is a tiful in the higheft degree. The comcopper, mine at Aithra, and a lead poftiion is perfect, but yet the parts fo

mine was formerly wrought at Tyn- intricate, fo various, and fo complidnim. In a mountain near Loch Do- cated, that I never found any piece of
chart,
is a fine fpecimen of Jleatites, or rock foap ; and befides thefe, every mountain in the county contains ample fund for the investigation of the

nature

lefs

obvious to imitation

it

the foot of which is warned by the river Southefk. The royalty extends half a mile every way from the crofs, but the fuburbs extend a confiderable way further ; towards the E. and S. are the tenements, as they are called ; they are independent of the borough, and held in feu from Sir David Carnegie of Southefk. At their fecurity. Lord Braidalbin, who the end of the tenements is a ftone had more fpirit than fubmit to thefe bridge over the Southefk, of % large conditions, generally kept up a fmall arches. Brechin in former times was army of militia, for the defence of the walled about, and fome relics of the tenants on his eftates. The act of par- ancient gates ftill remain. It has liament, however, which abolifhed he- twice been ruined by fire ; firft by the reditary jurifdictions, and vefted the Danes, in A. D. ioiz; and next by power of punifhment in ftronger and the Marquis of Montrofe, in the year more determined hands, foon put an 1645. It now confifts of a hand fome end to thefe depredations. Since that ftreet, with by-lanes and is well waterperiod the people have become more ed by means of leaden pipes, laid down iuduftrious, and their condition has at the expence of the late Earl of Panmuch improved. Kenmore, Killin, mure. Brechin was a rich bilhopric, and Clifton, are the principal villages founded in the year 1150, by David I. in the diftrict. Braidalbin is well fup- and very richly endowed. The caplied with roads and bridges, render- thedral is an ancient Gothic pile, fuping communication more eafy than ported by 12 pillars ; the length is 116 could well be fuppofed in fo moun- feet, and the breadth 6r; and is ornatainous a county. This diftrict gives mented with ahandfomefquare ftceple, title to a branch of the family of Camp120 feet high ; the top has battlements, bell, to which the princely feat of Tay- out of which rifes a fine fpire. Near mouth is attached. the churchis oneof thofe roundtowers, Bran ; a fmall river, which falls of which there is only another in Scotinto the Tay near Dunkeld. It pafles land, at Abernethy. Antiquarians have through the pleafure grounds of the been long divided, and are ftill not Duke of Athol, where it forms one of agreed, with regard to the erectors of the nneft cafcades in the kingdom. thefe towers, or their ufe : while feme Here the Duke has erected an elegant attributetheirconftruction to the Picts, boudoir, named " Offian's Hal," from others are inclined to fuppofe them to whence the cafcade is feen to the beft have been fubfervient to the purpofes advantage. Mr. Gilpin, whofe tafte of religion ; and others are of opinion
hill,
j \
| i

Peat mofs is found in mineralogift. abundance, and is the only fuel of the county. Towards the beginning of the prefent century, the people were adverfe to induftry ; indeed, the danger they were conftantly expofed to from the incurfions of the lawlefs banditti, was a great obftacle to improvement, either of the land or their con* dition. Braidalbin, and even the whole county of Perth, fo late as the year 1 745, were obliged to fubmit either to be plundered, or to pay an infamous tax, called black mail or meal, to the plundering chieftains, as the price of

would coft the readied: pencil a rummer's day to bring off a good refemblance." A little below the fall is the ferry of Invar, on the road from
Perth to Dunkeld.
a royal borough of the county of Angus, which was in former times an epifcopal fee, and the

BRECHIN;

county town.
fide

It

is

fituaced

on the

of a

'

BRE
that they have been of a warlike nature but we are neither difpofed, nor have we room, to enter into the difpute. The tower of Brechin is a circular column, with a ftaircafe to the top ; its height is 80 feet, and the octagonal ipire which covers it, 2.3 feet high making in all 103 feet ; its dia:
'

BRO
lifhed hiftories of

London and Scof*

land,

native of Brechin-; and Dr.' Gillies, the hiftorian of Greece,

was a

whofe writings are too well known to need any recapitulation;, was born in
this pariih.

'

Population in 1790, 5000. one of the Shetland ifles, being about 4 miles long, and % meter at the bottom is 16 feet. Mr, broad. The foil is a fine clay, fit for Grofe, whofe defcription is very ac- pafture ground. It has feveral mofies curate, has noticed that the regular of confiderable extent, which fupply great part of the Shetland ifles with courfes of ftone amount exactly to 60 upon the whole, the proportion gives fuel. It is alfo famous for excellent the building a look of great elegance. dates. Number of inhabitants about The foil of the country round Brechin 670. Bressay Sound is one of the fmeft is in general very good, and fertile ; and its vicinity to Montrofe, from harbours in Britain \ it is the rendezwhich it is diflant 8 miles, gives the vous of the Englifh and Dutch bujjes % farmer a near port for the fhipping of employed in the herring -fifhery, and The tide is often reforted to by the whale fhips, his fuperabundant grain. comes within z miles of the town ; on their paffage to Greenland and Dasaid, at a very trifling expence, vefTels vis's Straits. Broom (Loch) ; an extenfive fait of ro tons might be brought within a mile or half a mile of it. There are water lake, or arm of the fea, in Rofsfeveral well attended fairs or markets fhire, noted for excellent herrings. It held in the parifn, particularly Trinity contains many excellent harbours, on fair or Trinity muir, the beft market one of which the newly erected village for cattle, fheep, or horfes, in the north of Ullapool is iituated. Brora (Loci;); a beautiful lake of Scotland. There is a falmon nihery juft below the bridge, belonging to in the county of Sutherland, extending the Hen. W. R. Maule, who lets it in length 4 miles, and near one mile in from id. to 20L per amium. The of- breadth. It abounds with falmon and naburgh and brown linen manufactory other fifh ; it has an ifland in the cenhas been carried on to conficlerable ter, which has much the appearance Near it are lofty extent, and of late a good deal has of being artificial. been done in the fail-cloth trade. There mountains, and fome beautiful villages are the remains of a Danifli camp in and plantations. Brora River rifes from the lake the northern part of the pariih. Brechin-caftle, a feat of the Hon. W. R. of that name, and after forming feveral Maule, is built on the brink of a beautiful cafcadts, falls into the ocean perpendicular rock, overhanging the a little below the village of Brora. Brothock; a fmall river in the Southefk, a little to the S, of the town. It takes its rife in It underwent a long fiege in 1503, a- county of Angus. gainft the Englifh army under Edward the pariih of Inverkeilor, and after I. and notwithftanding every effort of being joined by feveral fmall burns, that prince, it held out for twenty days, falls into the fea at the burgh of Aberbrothock, about 6 miles from its till the brave governor, Sir Thomas Maule, anceftorof the Panmm-e family, fource. By a fluice, its current is let was killed by a ftone thrown from at pleafure into the harbour of Aberfome engine, on the aoth Auguft ; brothock, to carry off the mud. a village in the when the place immediately furrenddefcendent of this brave pariih of Duff'us, county of Aberdeen, ered. man, was created in 1646, Lord Maule the property of Sir Archibald Dunbar. of Brechin, and Earl of Panmure. The It contains 400 inhabitants. Near it prsfent caftie'of Brechin is a modern is a fine bay, which is laid to be one edifice, and is much admired for its of the beft road-lteads on the eaft ro ratic fituaticn. The Hon. pro- coaft north of Leith. A few hundred prietor has lately laid out gardens of pounds would render it an excellent sreat extent, in a very fuperior ftyle. harbour. a pariih lying in YVilham Maitland, F. R. S. who pub-

BRESSAY;

:-

BROUGHEAD;

' j

|
'

BROUGHTON,

BUG
of Tweedale, confifts of 2 tfidges'of hiils, with a valley betwixt the n. about 4 miles in length* and 3 in breadth. The foil is a deep clay, producing good crops, especially in dry feafdns ; and agriculture is much

BUI
in

the

diftrift

Loch Lom ind be

of

6n.g to this parilh

bicJjcai
i'u

on one

which,

-Ay

ftood the parifh -church,

befides, 3 final! lakes,

Th'eVd are,

which abound

with trout and pike ; and alio ibme very extfcniive oak woods. A lifriequarry, which was lately begun to be wrought, promifes to b>. of
ftone

attended to. The principal' difacrvan r tage it labours under is the fcarcity of fuel, the neareft coal being 16 miles diftant. There are the remains of 10 caftles or towers, which appear to have been of great ftrength ; in one of them Macbeth is faid tj have lived,

and

it (till

retains his

river Big-gar runs

name. The fmall through the parilh.

Population in 1793, 264. P'iUAR ; a fmall turbulent ftream in Athol, celebrated for the romantic BUCKHAVEN; a fifhing village beauty of its cafcades. The upper in the county of Fife. The inhabifall is eftimated at near 200 feet. It tants are frldom known to intermarry joins the Garry, a fhort diftance below out of the village, and confequently retain a phrafeology and accent pecuthe inn of Dalnacardoch. Bruiach (Loch): a lake in In- liar to themfelves. It is conjectured vernefsfhire, about 2 miles long, and that they originally were from Brkbant, their veffel being ftranded on this 1 broad ; it abounds with trout and char and there is a fmall ill and, with coaft about the time of Philip II. The village contains about 6oo inhabitants. ruins in the middle of it. BUCCLEUGH ; a village in Sel- BUCKIE; a confiderable fifhing kirkfhire, from which the noble fami- village in -the pariih of Rathven county of Banff. It has been a fifhing ftaly of Scott takes the title of Duke. BUCHAN; a d ftrict on the eaft tion for at. leaft 200 years. It has a coaft, comprehending part of Banff- tolerable harbour, to which belong % fhire and part of the county of Aber- or 3 (loops. One half belongs to the deen. The ratface is in general bleak Duke of Gordon, and the other half and barren, but in fome places fertile, to the Hon. Baron Gordon. The and well cultivated. The coaft is bold number of inhabitants is about 700. and rocky, prefenting perpendicular BUITTLE a parrfti on the banks precipices to the fea. The whole drf- of -the Solway Frith, in the county of trict formerly belonged to the Earls Galloway. Its extent in length may of Buchan ; but, upon the attainder be about 8 miles, and its breadth 3 of that family in 1320* Robert Bruce The furface is unequal, but the hills divided the lands amongft his friends; are not of great height; they are ccand, though the title has been renew- vered with verdure, and moft of them ed in the family of Erlkines, the pre- exhibit marks of tillage to the very top, fent Earls of Buchan poffefs little pro- The foil is kindly and fertile almoft the whole is-enclofedwith ft one fences perty in this diftrict. Buchanness ; a cape or promon- and agriculture is much improved withtory in Aberdeenfhire, not far from in thefe 40 years. The river Urr, which bounds the parifh on the E. is naviPeterhead. a parifh extend- gable at prefent to vcffels of 50 tons, ing 1 8 miles in length, and 6 in breadth, but the gradual reoefs of the fea from along the N. fide of Loch Lomond, the W-. coaft of Scotland renders it in the county of Stirling. The fur- probable, that, in a fhort time, it will face is mountainous, w ith the excep- not afrord draught of water to more tion of 2 fertile valleys, cai|d Glcn- than a Mining boat. The coaft, on doqp and Glenarclei. The river En- the Solway Trrith, abounds with fifn drick runs through the parifh, and of- of all kinds. Rock cryftals, talis, $>Ms, ten overflows the ground on its banks. are frequently met with ; and iron ore Buchannan muir, an extenfive wafte, is fo plenteous, that it has been pro-lies towards the S. Some of the iflands pofed to eftablifh an iron work in the
;
_

great advantage in meliorating the foil. On the fide of Loch Lomond fta'nHs the houfe cf Biichahnan, the prefent feat of the Duke of Montrofe, who is fuperior of the whole parifh. Ai Tnverfnaid is a fmall fort, on winch a guard is mounted by a detachment from Dunbarton-eaftle. Population in 17935 liii;

'

BUCHANNAN

'

Ga

BUR
parifli.

BUR
in great plen-

Marl

is

found

rocky; and from a quarter of a mile eaftward it is fandy, as far as Pettycur harbour, near Kinghom. The rocks BURNTISLAND; a royal borough are a great defence to the harbour, and The town is every year afford fea weed to produce in the county of Fife. pleafantly fituated on the banks of the 12 or 15 tons of kelp. Within the rocks Frith of Forth, upon a peninfula fur- alfo are excellent beds of oyfters, and rounded by hills towards the N. in other fhell fifh. The hills in the neighthe form of an amphitheatre. Thefe bourhood of the town exhibit many lie about half a mile from the town, appendices of volcanic fire; one is and afFordmuch fhelterfrom the north- extremely like an extinguilhedvolcano, erly blafts. It is nearly oppofite to the crater being converted into a lake Leith, from which it is diftant 6 miles. on the top of the hill, fimilar to thofe It was constituted a royal burgh by obferved by the Abbe Spallanzani James VI. The town appears, in form- (vide Spall. Travels in the Two Sicier times, to have been fortified 5 part lies.) There are feveral bafaltic coof the walls, and the remains of in- lumns, particularly on the N. fide of trenchment, are yet to be feen, It is the hill ; on this hill alfo are the refaid that Cromwell befieged it} and it mains of an encampmentv called Aheld out till it procured honourable gricoia's camp. On fome of the other terms of capitulation. It is well fuppli- hills there are feveral cairns, and tued with excellent water, and pofiefles a muli of great fize. There is a very harbour inferior to none in Scotland ; fine quarry of free/tone, and over the being eafily entered, and affording the whole pariih, inexhauftible quarries of greateft fafety, let the wind be at any limeftone ; in one of which the grain quarter it is very capacious, and of of the limeftone is fo fine, as to receive great depth. The pier, which is faid the higheft polifli, and is much admirBefides this marble, there are to' have been erefted by Cromwell, is ed. capable of much improvement; and other veins pf very fine ihelj marble, it is the opinion of many profeffional along the coaft. A mineral fpring, men, that., at a fmall expence, docks containing lime, near Stanly-burn, affor the reception of fhips of war could fords beautiful fpecimens ofJlala3jfes> be erected and, if the quays were a and incruftations of mofles and wood. little lengthened .vefiels of considerable Diamonds are faid to be found on one burden might come in or go out, at of the hills. Population in 1790-8, any time of tide. Before the Union, 12.10 ; in 1801, 15 ?o. BTJ RRA a fmall ifland of Shetland, the trade of Lurntifland was very conit carried on a great trade about 3 miles in circumference ; very fiderable in the exportation of corn and malt to fertile, and affording excellent pafture. England; afitr That period, little bu- Two other fmall iflands are near to it, iinefs of any kind was done, till with- Papa and Havera. The population of in thefe is or 15 years, that trade has all the 3 may be eftimated at about begun to revive. In confequence, a 400. AY; one of the Orkney fugar-houfe, a vitriol work, and a difJillery, are canned on to great advan- iflands, about 4 miles long, and 4
is
;
I j

not of the beft quality, and lime may be had at a fmali expence by water, it is not much ufed as a manure. Antiquarians mjght here find ample room for refearch ; but our limits confine our remarks to the rnofl prominent fpecimens of antiquity. Buittle-caftle is a very confiderable ruin ; the ditches and vaults, which ftill remain, fhew it to have been a place of great extent and ftrength. In the neighbourhood are fome fubterraneous pafiages, to the inner recefies of which no one has ventured to penetrate. There is alfo a yitrified fort on the top of one of the hills. Population in the Statiftical Account, 857.
ty
;

but; as

it is

Ship-building, for which this peculiarly adapted, is alfo carried on, and may be increafed to any extent. There is a regular ferry to Leith, at full and half tide.
fcage.

port

is

parifli forms a fquare of nearly miles. plain extends from the lea about half a mile, when the furface becomes hilly and mountainous.

The

cf the lower ground is rich but the reft of the parijh is of very inferior quality and yalue. Agriculture is wejl attended to, but
foil

The
and

fertile,

there is much room for improvement. To the weft ward of the town the more

BURR

UT
for pafture

B
and
fay, the ruins

UT

; broad. It is the inhabitants are nearly 400 in number, whofe chief employment is fiihing. an ifland in the Fritn of ; Clyde, feparated from Cowal. a diftnct of Argyllihire, by a narrow chanIt feems to have been very ancinel. ently known by this name ; it extends in length about 18 miles, and from 4 The northern parts to 5 in breadth. of the ifland are rocky and barren, but the fouthern extremity is more fertile well cultivated, and enclofed. This ifland, conjoined with the ifiands Arran, Greater and Lejfer Cumbray, and Incbr.iamock, form a county under the name of the fhire of Bute. This fhire, and that of Caithnefs, fend a member to parliament alternately. It has one royal borough, Rotbefay, which is alfo the chief town of the fhire. The ifland of Bute contains two parifhes. The coaft is rocky, but indented with feveral very fafe harbours, from which are annually fitted out a number of This is bujj't's for the herring fifhery. the principal trade carried on, and often caufes confiderable detriment and The climate, neglect to agriculture.

good

BUTE

though damp is mild and temperate ; and the foil is favourable for agriculture, if it were fuffieiently attended to. There are feveral remains of antiquity #n the ifland; in particular, near Rothe-

'

of an ancient cattle, with a fort, barracks, and draw-bridge, which was formerly the refidence of There are alfo the kings of Scotland. feveral Dani fli towers. Bute gives title of Marquis to a branch of the family of Stewart, who is proprietor of the greateft part cf the ifland. The Marquis is admiral of the county, by virtue of a commiffion from his majefty, and is no way dependent on the Lord High Admiral of Scotland ; fo that in any maritime cafe, (even as in high a crime as murder or piracy,) that occurs within this jurisdiction, his Lordihip is fufficient judge, or may delegate his authority to deputies. Mount Stuart, a feat of his lordfhip, and from whence he takes his fecond title, is an elegant houfe, fituated about 200 yards from the E. fhore, having a fine view of the Frith of Clyde, and of the fhipping which enter that river. There is a foreft of fine trees round the houfe ; and the natural beauties of the place have been much increafed by the tafte of the noble owner. Freeftone of a reddifh colour abounds in the ifland, and lime* ftcne is met with in every part of it= Coal has never been difcovered, though there are many flattering Symptoms of the exiftence of that mineral. Population of the whole ifland in 1791, 6470I

CAB
a Small rivulet in Ayrfhire, which takes its rife in the high fnuir grounds, feveral miles above the village of Dairy, and after a courfe of 10 or ia miles, falls into the river Garnock, near its confluence with the
;

C
Q ordon

AD

CAAF

that the Duke of has lately built a fmall hunting feat in the neighbourhood. Limeftone is found in moft parts of the parifh, which they burn with peat mofs. There is a hill which affords a light

bound with game,

fea.

gray
trici:

flate.

The Summers

in this dif-

CABRACH ; a parifh in the county of Banff, extending in length 5 miles, and in breadth about 3. Its
mountainous, and more adapted for pafture than cultivation indeed, very fmall fpots are under crop ; no more corn being attempted
Surface
is
:

are very pleafant, but the winters are long and fevere. Population in

1792, 700.

CADDER,
in the

or

CALDER

a parifh

to be raifed than is abfolutely neceflary for the fupply of the inhabitants. The Jieveron and the Fiddie b are the rivers }n the parifli. The mountains So a-

county of Lanark. It extends 13 miles in length from E. to W. and between 3 and 4 miles in breadth. The whole face of the country is generally level, with the exception of 3. fmall eminences, which do not deferve the name of hills. The foil varies from

AE

AI

a light fandy till, progreffively to a deep earth, and blade mofs. Much has been done of late years in tne way of improvement by the plough, and by the ufe of lime as a manure. Tne improvements in agriculture in this neighbourhood are much owing to the great canal between the Forth and Clyde, which runs through the pariih
for 5 miles. The in/pop's Loch, a fmall lake, one mile in length, and a quarter of a mile in breadth, is occupied as a refervoir for fupplying the canal with water. Some years ago, a lake was

noble family of Marwell. Several moats and Roman encampments are eaiily traced. Dr. John Hutton, frrit phylician to king William and queen Mary, was a native of this pariih, and endowed it with many liberal benefactions.

Cairngorm, or Blue Mountain; one of the higheft of the

hills, is iituated betwixt the of Banff and Moray ; its height, by an accurate calculation, was found to be 4050 feet above the level of tire fea, and 1780 feet above Loch Avon, though this lake is only a mile from its bate. It is of a conical lhape ; the fides and bafe are clothed with extenfive fir woods, while its top is covered almoft all the year round with fnow. It is celebrated for thole beautiful rock cryltals, of various tints, which are called Cairngorm Jto-nes ; though other places in. Scotland afford them in great abundance. They are a fpecies of topaz,

Population in 179 1, 955.

Grampian

counties

completely drained by a mine driven a full mile in length under a hill, by which 1 20 acres of the fineft arable land has been gained. The roads from Glafgow to Edinburgh, and from Glal-

gow
ly

to Falkirk by Cumbernauld, pafs through the pariih. The river Kelvin forms its northern boundary for near1 % miles, and ufed to overflow its banks in time of rain., and do confiderable damage, efpecially in feed time and harveft. Antoninus' wall can be traced diftinctly for 4 miles, and one of the watch towers on it is hill very vifible. At Robroyjlone, on the 13th Sept. 1303, Sir William Wallace was betrayed to Edward I. of England, by whom he was ignominioufly put to

much admired by lapidaries. 1 Hey were formerly found in great quantities but, of late, are more fcarce, and only found amongft the rubbiih of the mountain, brought down by the cur;

They are regular rents after a ftorm. 6 fided cryfcals, with a 6 lided pyra-

death.

midal top ; the other extremity is Population in 1792, 1767. a pariih in rough, and often a part of the rock to the county of Dumfries, is a kind of which it was attached adheres to it. weighing 3 or peninfula, formed by the river Nith, Some have been found Lochar water, and the Solway Frith. 4 ounces. Befides thefe ftones, fine The middle and weftern part is hilly fpecimens of qjbeftos, covered with towards the E. the furface becomes calcareous cryftalhzations, ta/'c, -zeoiite t low and level. The high land has ge- cryjiallized quartz, and /pars, are freCairngorm is thus found. nerally a light, dry, and fertile foil, in- quently poem lately publifned : terfberfedwith patches ofwet, muirifh, defcribed in a and fhsllow foil. The whole of the " In flony bed, his clannifh ftrath along, parifh lies on a bed of red freeftone, The boitt'rous Spey, his roaring torrent which is quarried in many places. drives The greater part of the arable ground brown Cairngorm whofe feet with

CAERLAVEROCK,

is

enclofed, and well cultivated. There are two fmall harbours, where veflels

By

native pine

of 70 or 80 tons burden may unload. The Nith and Lochar abound with fifh. Lochar mofs, which borders with this parifh, fupplies the inhabitants with fuel. Near the mouth of the Nith are to be traced the veftiges of a moated triangular caftle, fuppofed to be the Garbuntorigum of Ptolemy ; to the N. E. of theft remains, is the

Are, ever -during, girt his frozen head Is fprinkled early with autumnal fnows ; His crumbled rocks art; llrew'd with brilliant gems,
;

Whofe brightness, fparfeling in Altera s hair, Or blifsful on her panting bofom bung, The topaz envies. Wallace's Views.
1

'

CAIRNY, a parifh in the county venerable ruin of the ancient caftle of of Aberdeen, forms part of the lordCaerlaverock, built about the year fhip of Strathbogie, granted by Robert after the 3:424, and long the residence- of the Bruce to Sir Adam Gordon,

CAL

AL

defeat and attainder of Cummine Earl on the eftate of Mr. Farquharfcn of It extends along the Invercauld, in the parifh of Crathy, of Badfinpchi hanks of the river Logi , in the neigh- Aberdeenfhire. It abounds with trout, bourhood of the thriving town of and contains a few falmon and eel ; it Huntly, a place which promifes to be difcharges its water by the river EidJa', The furface 1 fmall tributary, ftreain of the Dee. the Paifley of the north. a village and is hilly, but in the low grounds the parifh in the diftrict of Monteath, foil is deep, and abundantly fertile. The hills were formerly covered with county of Perth. From the banks of oak forefts, but now the appearance the Teath, one of the moft confiderThe parifh con- able branches of the Forth, the parifh is bleak and naked. tains about gooo black cattle, and a extends amongft the Grampian hills few iheep. Population in 1792, 2,600. about 16 miles in length ; its greafceft

CALLANDER;

lage in the parifh of Carnock, FifeIt is fituated on the great road fhire. leading from Dunfermling to Alloa and Stirling ; it is the property of Sir John Halket of Pitfirran, and contarns nearly 400 inhabitants, who are principally employed in the manufac-

breadth being about 10. The appearance of the county on the W. and N. is mountainous, and covered with black heath. At the village of Callander is a beautiful valley, in which are fituated another village, Kilnuikag? and feveral extenfive farms, on a fine plain, formed by the confluence of z confiderable branches of the Forth, ture of cloth and linens. CALDER a parifh chiefly fituated covered with meadows and fertile arabut a final] ble ground. The higher grounds are in the county of Nairn part lies in that of Inverneis. Its fi- here and there clad with oak woods, gure is irregular but, from a furvey and thriving plantations of various lately made, the number of acres it kinds of trees ; and a bold ftupendous con'rans are eftimated at 26,000, of rock, above Callander, diverlifies the

CAIRNEY-HILL

populous

vil-

which 18,000,
mofs.

at leaft, are

muir and

fcene,

and forms a

ftriking

contrail

of the arable part is to the valley, and the meanderings Gf thin and fnarp, but very fertile. The the rivulets below. The foil is low lands are liable to be overflowed general a light gravel, capable of high by the burn of Calder, and the water cultivation; but there is much rich of Nairn. Befides thefe, the rapid river loamy foil : the arable land is moftly of Fiudhorn, abounding with faSmon, enclofed, either with ftone dykes or runs through the upper part of the hedge-rows. Callander is remarkable parifh. confiderable part is covered for the wild and romantic fcer.ery of with natural forefts of oak, afh, alder, its profpecls. The Trofachs, Loch and other trees. Calder-caftle, from Catherine or Ketterin, and the other which Macbeth drew his fecond title, lakes which are formed by the waters, of the Teath, are vifited bythofc who* is in this parifh. It has formerly been a place of great if rength and the draw- are defirous of feeing nature in her bridge is ftill to be feen, but there is rudeft and moft unpolifhed ftate. The no water in the moat. The tower is defcription of the fcenery in this quarvery ancient ; its walls are of great ter, given by Dr. James Robtrtfon 9 thicknefs, arched at top with ilone, minifter of Callander, in the Statiftical and furrounded with battlements ; the Account, is too elegant to admit areft of the houfe is later, though far bridgment, and too particular for adfoil

The

from modern. The wood which furrounds the caftle, and the burn which runs through it, afford moil delightful fcenery. Its deep and dark channel, with the high, fteep, and rocky banks, are covered with natural trees of all kinds, of great fize ; and here and
there, the moft beautiful fhrubbery decorates the fcene. Population in 179;,, 1062.

miffion into our work. The Trofachs are compofed of argilaceous Jcbijiur,

Calladi:r (Loch); a fm all

lake,

about jor j miles in circumference,

and imbedded in veins of quartz ; the ftrata are in fome inftances perpendicular to the horizon, and in all dip very much ; a proof that fome convulfions or powerful caufes have torn thefe rugged mafles from their original fituation. Above the Trofachs, Benledi, whofe elevation is .,009 feet, Benvenu, and other lofty mountains, raife their reeky head;
ftratified
,;

CAL
while the valleys every where exhibit r beautiful expanfes of water, ormed by the Teath, which is immediately after poured over perpendicular precipices. Near Loch Lubnaig, the fcenery is grand, and ornamented by the woods and pleafure grounds of Kinnaird, the hunting feat of the late Mr. Bruce, the Abyffinian traveller. There is a fine quarry of limeftone, or rather marthe ble, on the eftate of Leney; ground of which is a deep blue, with Sender variegated ftreaks of a pure white. Slate of the fineft azure blue and purple, are wrought in many

CAM
inhabitants. The population of the parifh of Callander (including the villages of Callander and Kilmahogj a-

mounted
ifles,

in 179.3 to 2100.

CALLIGRAY j
ray,

one of the weftern

It is

in the diftrict of Harries. fituated about \\ league E. of

Beme-

and is about 1 miles long, and 1 broad. The S. end of the ifland is a deep mofs, almoft entirely uncultivated. The N. end is an early foil, which is cultivated with care. Here, as well as in the other iflands of the diftrict, the inhabitants live by fifhing, and the manufacture of kelp. In the N. end There is a remarkable vein, of the ifland are the faint traces of a places. or rather ridge of rocks, compofed very ancient building, called Teampull entirely of a coarfe phi?npudding-Jlonc, na b'slnnait, the temple of Annat, a which runs all the way from Callan- goddefs of the Saxon mythology, who der to Crief many pebbles and agates prefided over young maidens. There are enclofed in the cementing matter, is alfo a well, called Tobar na h' Anwhich is uniformly of a dark brown nait, where the worfhippers are fupcolour. In Benledi, fometime ago, a pofed to have purified themfelves. CAMBRAY, CUMBRAY, or CIMvein of lead ore was difcovered, and wrought for fometime; but the ex- BRAES; an ifland in the Frith of pence of working was found to be Clyde, diftant from the coaft of Ayrgreater than the produce, and it was fhire about 2. miles ; from the ifland given up. On the burn of Kelly is a of Bute, (to which it is attached in cafcade 50 feet in height. There are the county divifions), about 3 miles, feveral remains of extenfive fortifica- and feparated from the Little Camtions on many of the hills ; and near bray, upon the S. by a channel of the manfe is the foundation of an old three quarters of a mile broad. The fquare caftle, built or repaired in length of the ifland from N. E. to S. W. 1596, by Livingftone Earl of Linlith- is ai miles ; the breadth from E. to gow. Drummond of Perth, is the about a mile and a half. The furface contains about 3300 acres, one third principal proprietor. The village of Callander is of confi- of which is, or might be cultivated. derable extent, fituated on both fides With a few exceptions, the hills rife of the Teath, and built on a regular with a gentle afcent to the center plan ; the houfes are good, and cover- of the ifland, where they are elevated fettlement for the nearly 400 feet above the level of the ed with flate. The foil is jn general a gravelly foldiers, difcharged after the German fea. war, was eftabliihed here by govern- loam, and in fome places a mixture ment in 1763 ; fince which time Cal- of clay. There are a few enclofures ; lander has been gradually increafing. and fome plantations have been lately Of late it has been much extended by made by the Earl of Glafgow, who the introduction of the cotton manu- is proprietor of the greateft part of conliderable manufacfacture. In the weaving of muflin, the ifland. about roo looms are employed in Cal- ture of coarfe linen is carried on in lander, and the adjoining village of rhe village of Milnport, which is pleaKUmahog ; and upwards of 100 girls fantly fituated on the S. W. fide of Here is a commodious find employment in a tambour work. the ifland. The church ftands on one lide of a dry harbour, where in fpring tides fort of fquare, in the middle of the there is water to the height of 11 feet* village ; it has a pavilion roof, with a There is alfo a fafe anchorage, fhelterThere is plenty fpire over the pediment, which is a ed by a reeky iflet. great ornament to the place. John of limeftone, and an inexhauftible fund Hamilton Buchannan, Efq. of Leflfey, of excellent fiveftone, of which laft is fuperior and proprietor of the vil- there i3 expert a to the value of 200L lage, which contair.3 upwards of icoo \per aumn-.. There are 2 roqks on the <
;

W.

'

C
fide of the ifland,

AI
which have joints and
their

GAL
way
time claimed by the lairds by of bonnage, an invincible obftacle
to improvement. The women alfo were formerly condemned to great

feams like the bafaltic rocks of StafFa, but are not fo regularly columnar; they have the fame chemical properties, and may be eftimated as the production of volcanic fufion and eruption.

The
700I.

real rent of the ifland

is

a-

bout

otherwife called the Jfcire of Wick, is the moft northerly county of Scotland. It is bounded on the N. and E. by the Pentland Frith, and the German Ocean ; on the W. and S. W. by the county of Sutherland; and on the S. terminating in an extremity, called the Ord. It extends 35 miles from N. to S. and about 22 from E. to W. According to Mr. Pennant, Caithnefs may be termed an immenfe niorafs, interfperfed

CAITHNESS;

drudgery, being obliged to carry dung to the field in bafkets ; but we hope this practice is now aboliihed, or rather that it has been much mifreprefented. Caithnefs is peopled by a race
of hardy inhabitants, who are remarkably induftrious, and apply themfelvea chiefly to fifhing, and the breeding of fheep and black cattle ; of which laft, according to Mr. Pennant, they fend out in fome years no fewer than 20,000. Caithnefs contains one royal borough, Wick, and the town of Thurfo, a barony, under the fuperiority of Sir John Sinclair of Ulbfter, and 10 parifhes. It fends a member to parliament alternately with the county of Bute. The principal proprietors are, the Earl of Caithnefs, Sir John Sinclair of Ulbfter, Bart. Sir Benjamin Dunbar of Hempriggs, and Sinclair of Frefwick ; all of which poflefs elegant feats. Manymonuments of antiquity are to be feen in Caithnefs, which fhew it to have been early inhabited. The ruins of Cajlle-Sinclair and Geniiengo, of Auch~ navern, Dirlet, and Lochmore, exhibit much of the grandeur of the nobleft edifices ; and the tumuli, duns, and cairns, fhew it to have been often the fcene of warlike exploits. In mineralogy, Caithnefs poflelfes fome articles of value, as excellent freeftone, and limeftone often approaching to the nature of marble. There are alfo ores of copper, lead, and iron, which might be wrought in many places to great advantage. In the burn of Sempfter is a fpecies of fluat of lime, which emits a phorphorefeent light when heated ; and in the neighbourhood of Thurfo, fome argillaceous ftones have been found, which exhibit -impreGipns of fifh and plants ; many of the caves abound with Jialaclical petrefactions. In 1798, the population of the county was 24,802. The valued rent is 37,256!. Scots, and the real land refit is eftimated at 19,96c!.
fterling.

with fome fruitful fpots, producing oats and barley, but which are as yet poorly cultivated. The country cannot be called mountainous, though

many places the hills are elevated to a confiderable height. The coaft is rocky, and remarkable for a numin

ber of bays and promontories. Of the latter, the chief are Land-head, Ealborn-bead, and Dunnet-head, towards the Pentland Frith and Dungifbay-head, and the Ord running out into the German Ocean ; there are alfo two fmaller promontories, dy'thenefs and Nofs-head, near which the fea is remarkable for the great impetuofity of the waves, even in the calmeft weather.

principal bays are Scribijfer and the bay of Thurfo. The only ifland annexed to Caithnefs is Stroma, in the Pentland Frith ; the

The

and Rice

bays,

property of which was once claimed by the Earls of Orkney, but decided in favours of Caithnefs by a Angular andwhimfical experiment; (videSxROma.) Caithnefs is well watered with
fmall rivers,

and contains a few woods

of birch, but the plantations are in

general unthriving, and the trees ftunt-

ed

in their
r

growth.
fifh,

The

fea coafts a-

boundw ith

in the

fame abund-

ance as the iflands of the Hebrides but the want of harbours in Caithnefs renders it impoffible to eftablifh any fifheries of importance. There are a great many caves on the rocks, inhaby vaft numbers of feals, many of which

was anciently the name of a diftrict in the county of Edinburgh, which is now divided into the are killed by the inhabitants. The paiiihes of Weft and Mid-Calder, Eaftcommon people and farmers are kept Calder being joined to the latter in under great fervitude, and much of the parochial divifion.

CALDER

AL
earth, or

C
From

AM

CALDER (MID). -The parifh of Mid-Ca!der extends from N.- to S. about 7 miles, and its greatefl breadth The furface is is no where above 3. generally level, and the foil tolerably fertile, though light and dry agriculture is well attended to and the farmer finds his advantage in green and meliorating crops. Calder wood covers a confiderable extent of ground, though far Iefs than it did formerly. There are every where indications of coal in the neighbourhood, fuch as indurated clay, and petriolic fchi/fus, which bairns readily, but leaves a large
; ;

?, wet clay, on a til! bottom.. the elevation of the ground', being nearly 500 feet above the level' of the fea, it is cold and moift, expofed to ftorms of wind and rain from the

S.

and

S.

W. The modes of hufbandry

:

are nearly the fame, which have been generally practifed fince the parilh be-

gan to be cultivated
ture
is in its

hence agricul-

and rudeft ftate one proprietor, indeed, has done much in the way of improvement, having found lime a moft powerful folvent of the moffy earth. He has applied it with the greateft fuccefe, in improving
fimpleft

refidue of alh.es. Schiflus of this kind faidto differ from coal only in beingcombined with a fmaller quantity of bituminous principle. There is alfo plenty of freeftone, and, inEalt-Calder, the Earl of Morton has a quarry of lime'ftone, the Jiratum of which is 60 Belide thefe minerals., is feet thick. found a great quantity of excellent ironftone, which points this place out as a proper ftation for manufactures and ufeful improvements. On the eft'ate of Letham, the property of Sir A. Cunyngham, is a powerful fulphureous fpring, fimilar to Harrowgate. The town of Mid-Calder is pleafantiy fituated near Calder wood and many of the fcenes and profpecls, which the wood prefents, are romantic, grand, and delightful It contains about 650 inhabitants. little to the of the town Hands Calder-houfe,
is

that fpecies of foil. The greater part of the parifh lies upon coal, which has been dug for in various places, but to
little

advantage.

There

is

plenty of

excellent limeftone, the great ftratum of which Is nearly 12 feet thick. In the fouthern extremity ftands an old

have been fortified by at. Cafth-G raig, are the remains of a Roman camp, in a pretty entire ftate. Population of Weft-Calder in 1792, 968.
caftle, laid to

Cromwell; and

Calder (South)
in Lanarkshire,

a fmall rivulet
the.

W.

which falls into Clyde near Cambufnethan.

Calder (North);
let in

another rivu-

Lanarkfhire, riling in the parifh of Shotts, and falls into the Clyde, about 5 miles above Glafgow.

Cambray (Little or Lesser)

fituated three quarters of a mile

;.

from

W.

the feat of Lord Torphichen. The picture of John Knox is hung up in the fame hall Avhere he difpenfed the facrament of the Lord's fupper for the firft time in Scotland, after the Reformation. The houfe of Green-bank, near tlie village, is celebrated as the birth-place of John Spottifwood, archbifhop of St. Andrews. The population of Mid-Calder parifh (including the town) in 1793, was 12 51. CALDER (WEST), is irf length The 10, and in breadth 5-% miles. foUthern part, which borders on Lanarkshire, confifts of high and muiriih grounds, interfperfed with moffes of coniiderable extent ; thefe grounds, for the moft part incapable of cultivation, are parcelled out in fheep farms; the arable parts vary confiderably in their value, either from the degree of improvement, or the local fituation but the whole foil is a black molly
;

.Greater Cambray, is about a mile in length, and half a mile in breadth. The ftrata of the rocks are nearly horizontal, and, as you recede from the ihore, they rife one above another tothe top, like the ftepsof a ftair; upon the S. fide are a few dwelling houfes, asd an old Gothic caftle, furrounded by a rampart and tone, over which has been a draw-bridge. There are feveral caves in the ifiand, two of which are very remarkable. Upon the iinoft eminent part of the ifiand, a light-houfe was erected in the year 1750; but, as from its elevated fituation, the light was liable to be obfeured in fogs, another, with a reflector, was lately erected upon a lower ftation. The whole ifiand belongs to the Earl of Eglintoun, and rents at nearly 200I. per annum. CAMBUSLANG, a parifh in the county of Lanark, fituated on the S of the river Clyde, about 3 miles

C
iqunrc.
versified

M
is

C
the
foil

M
agreeable and

The furface

beautifully di-

becomes moffy, or mixed with

With hill and dale, confifting of a ridge of about half a mile broad, formed by Dick-mount, and Surnlea
hills,

a black land, peculiarly unfavourable for vegetation. The principal enclofures are thorn hedges, which give the

extending nearly 2 miles from

country

in

rummer an

E. to

W. From

this central ridge the

regular appearance.

The

village

of

ground declines in a gradual manner to the Clyde on the N. and to thew*The foil is ter of Cadder on the S. on the ridge it is gravelly different the banks of the Clyde are light loam, and the reft of the pariih is clay, with
;
;

Cambufnethan is fituated on the great road leading from Glafgowto Lanark, and contains nearly 400 inhabitants. Here is eftabliihed a library, fupported by annual iubfcription, and containing
a judicious fele&ion of books.

In the

about 350 feet broad at this place, and gea

tilly

bottom.

The Clyde

is

parifh
eafe

abundance of excellent coal, capable of being wrought with great

is

nerally overflows part of Cambuflang The principal 3 or 4 times a year. .employment is weaving, and (pinning

Coal abounds in the diiit has been wrought for upwards of 300 years. Vaft beds of -excellent freeftone are alfo found in every part of the pariih ; the ilrata of which, as well as of the coal, dip toof cotton.
trict,

where

wardsthe

river

and what

is

fingular,

on

Clyde, the dip is A flratum of marble, 6 to 12 inches thick, extends over a coniklerable part of the parifh it is found in coal pits at the depth of 180 or 200 feet the dip is alio to the Clyde it is of a beautiful dark brown coluur, with whitifh (freaks and-fpots, and receives a very high pojiih. Dickmount hill feems to have .been anciently a place of ftrength, and from its extenfive profpect, muft have been well adapted for a watch tower. Latrick and Gilbertneld, where Hamilton the poetical correfpondent of Allan Ramthe
fide of the

N.

alfo towards the river.

; there are alfo great quantities of ironftone and freeftone. Population in 1791, 1684. a -village and parifh ; The parifh exin the county of Fife. tends about 4 miles in every direction, exhibiting a bleak naked country, almoft a continued tract of heathy rnuir. Coal and limeftone abound and this laft mineral has been of the utmoft fervice in improving the land,andrendering fertile tins barren fpot. A. great part is enclofed but mare attention is paid to the rearing of fheep, than the cultivation of the foil. Mr. Durham of Largo has lately erected 2 powerful fteam engines for working

CAMERON

his coals.

miles S.

The village lies about 4 W. of the city of St. Andrews.

;

Population in 1794, 11 65
ioov.

in

1801,

'fay lived, are in this pariih.

Popula-

tion in i-gz, 1288.

CAMBUSNETHAN ; a parifh Situated on the banks of the Clyde, in the middle ward of the county of Lanark. It extends in' a N. E. direction
from the river, nearly 12 miiesin length, and on an average about 3 in breadth. The haughs on the Clyde and Calder,
another fmall rivulet, are exteniive confiderable part is and beautiful. occupied by a lawn, in front of the manfion-houfe of Cambufnethan, the property of Mr. Lockhart of Caftlehill ; the reft of the haughs are enclofed, and well cultivated ; on the bank, which riles above the haugligrounds, the foil is clay, covered with extenfive orchards, well lheltered from the N. and E. winds by coppice woods,

a royal bo; the county of Argyll. It was originally a fmall fifhing village, and was erected into a royal borough in 1701. It is fituated in that diftrict of Argyllfhire called Kintyre, of which It received it is the preibytery feat. its prefent name at the time of its erection into ahorough ; .before which period, it went by the name of Cean?iloch (Loch-head.), which it ftill retains in the language of the country ; but

CAMPBELLTOWN
in

rough

its

oldeft name is Dalruadkain, from having been the capital of the ancient Scottifh or Dalreudinian kingdom. It
is

now a. large and flourishing town, and is daily increafmg. The harbour is about 2 miles long, and 1 broad, in the form of a crefcent from 6 to 10 fa; ;

thom water; excellent anchorage rounded by high hills on each

1

furfide,

with an ifland to fhelter the entrance. It is appointed the rendezvous of the

bufies

employed

in the herring fifhery.

and

regular plantations

farther

up This
1

fifhery is the principal tjrad

of

CAM
the place, for the carrying on of which
it is

CAM

The two great roads from Kippin to admirably fituated ; its fine har- Glafgow, and from Glafgow to Edinbour, and its vicinity to the markets burgh, pafs through the parifli. Two of Ireland and the Clyde, are advan- very extenlive printfields have been tages which very few fea ports enjoy. erected within thefe 1 8 years, with Befides the fifheries, there is carried moft elegant and expenfive machinery. on a confiderable trade in the diftilla- The firft is the Kincaid printfteld, untion of whifky. The parifli of Camp- der the firm of Henderfon, Semple, belltown takes in a large portion of and Co. and the Lennox-mill pr'mtUdd of Lindfay, Smith, and Co. Near the Kintyre ; its length is computed at miles, and its breadth varies from 6 to latter work is the new village of LenIt is narrowed in the middle by noxtown, where the printers are com10. the bay of Machir-hani/Jj on one fide, modiouily lodged. Each work emand the lech of Kilkerran, or harbour ploys nearly 300 perfons. The village of Campbelltown, on the other fide, of Campfie confifts of a new and old running inland a confiderable way, town ; the former of which is increafleaving the fpace between a large plain ing very rapidly, fince the printfields of 4 miles in length by 3 in breadth, and other manufactures have been innot 40 feet above the level of the fea. troduced. It is a very proper ftation From this plain both ends of the pa- for a manufacturing village, having arifii gradually become hilly, rifing to bundance of coal, lime, and water, the height of 1200 feet. The foil is and being only 9 miles diftant from various, and the arable land is fertile Glafgow, to which city the roads are and well cultivated, There is abund- excellent. The minerals found in this, ance of excellent coal, at the diftance diftrict will be mentioned in the folof 3 miles, and a canal has been lately lowing article. Population in 1794, put, to convey it to town ; but notwithstanding its vicinity to that mineCampsie Fells or Hills, run in ral, the common fuel of the poorer a bold ridge along the whole length fort is peat or turf. There is alfo a of the Strath of Campfie. The face great quantity of fuller's earth, or ibap of the hill is broken, with crags and rock, in the parifh. There are no an- glens ; on the fummit and back part tiquities of any note, as might have is a deep muir ground, interfperfed been expected, in the fcite of the moil with mofs. The hills have the apancient capital of the Scottifh kingdom. pearance of volcanic or igneous origin ; in many parts rude bafahic pilIn 1 791, the population was 8700. Camplk ; a fmall tributary ftream lars are to be feen, particularly on the of the river Nith, in the county pf road which Hopes down the hill, a* Dumfries. bove the village of Campfie. In thefe CAMPSIE ; a parifh in the county hills are found beautiful agates, as wel} of Stirling, meafures 8 miles in length, as confiderable quantities of chalcedony. and 7 in breadth, containing about Though, in many places, thefe hills 36 fquare miles. It conlifts of a ridges appear evidently of volcanic origin, of hills, with a confiderable valley or yet in others they are unratified ; but ftrath running E. and W. between the ftrata dip fo much, and are even them ; the g. ridge being a continua- fometimes nearly perpendicular to the tion of the Braes of Kilpatrick, and horizon, having moil probably been the N. being known by the name of raifed from their natural horizontal Campfie Pells. The furface of the ftate by the action of fubterraneous ftrath is uneven, except on the banks fire. The fecondary, or ftratified and of the Kelvin and Glazert. The foil mountains, abound with coal limeftone, freeftone, ironfione, induris various ; and, pft.n on the fame farm, we meet with clay, haugh. ated clay, and marl. In one place we loamy, boggy, and gravelly ground. can eafily count a dozen or more ftrata The haughs on the Kelvin and Gla- of ironftone, with alternate layers of zert are very fertile. Some of the hills argillaceousy^.6i/?j. In feveral places are covered with natural trees, of there are appearances of copper ; but great age and fize ; and where there no vein of that mineral has yet been

there is no wood, the hills afford pafture to numerous flocks of fheep.

difcovered. a hew road

A few years ago, when was making ever the bills.

CAN

CAN

feme veins were cut through, con- mountable difficulties, in 1775 it was taining caivk, or the fulpate of barytes, rendered navigable as far as Stockingwith fome beautiful calcareous cryftais, field, the point from which the Fide and fome cryftais of the fluat of lime, branch to Glafgow goes off. The cawhich, by experienced miners, is laid nal remained in this ftate till 1784,
to be the regular attendant of lead when the company having received indeed, it is very probable, 50,0001. from the annexed forfeited mines thatthefe ftratified mountains, fo much eftate, profecuted the plan with great difturbed in the difpohtion of their vigour and attention ; and, on the ftrata, abound with numerous fiffures, 28th of July, 1790, the navigation was containing metallic fubftances. The opened between fea and fea. Thus higheft ridge of Campfie Fells is ele- was one of the moil arduous underThe whole vated 1 200 feet from its bafe, the takings accomplifhed. elevation of which is about 300 feet length of the canal is 35 miles, beginabove the level of the fea, making the ning at Carron-mouth, and ending at Dalmure burnfoot, on the Clyde, 6 height in all 1500 feet. Canal (Forth and Clyde); that miles below Glafgow, rifing and fallnavigable cut or canal, which forms ing 160 feet by means of 39 locks. Iu a communication between the eaftern its courfe it paffes over rocks, preciand weftern feas, by the two rivers pices, and quickfands ; in fome places Forth and Clyde. Scotland is almoft it paffes through a deep mofs ; in odivided into two parts by thefe two thers, it is banked 20 feet high; it rivers, the Forth falling into the eaft- crofies many fmall rivulets, as well as ern fea below Leith, and the Clyde 2 considerable rivers, the Kelvin and falling into the Atlantic Ocean below Luggie, over which are large aqueduct Greenock. This circumftance early bridges ; that over the former is 420 fuggefted the idea of forming a com- feet long, and 6s high. To fupply munication acrofs the kingdom, by di- this canal with water was a laborious viding the narrow neck of land be- undertaking of itfelf. There is one tween thefe rivers, and thereby faving refervoir of 50 acres, 22 feet deep, and the long and dangerous navigation another 70 acres, 24 feet deep, which round the Land's End, or the more are fuppofed to contain fufneient wadangerous paffage of the Pentland ter for that purpofe. Veffels of 39 Fiith. So early as the reign of Charles feet beam, drawing 8 feet of water, II. this idea was indulged ; but the fi- and not exceeding 73 feet in keel, can nances of the kingdom were at that pafs with great eafe. The fharts in time fo low, that it could not be car- the company are now felling at upIt was after- wards of 25 per cent, above par* ried into execution. CANISBAY; the molt northern wards revived in 1733 ; again in 1761; and, the year after, a furvey was made parilh in the ifland of Great Britain, by Mr. Smeaton, who was convinced being fituated in the latitude of 5 8 e of the pciTibility of the defign, but 45' N. and about s Q 4' W. longitude his eftimate of the expence (8o,oool.) from London. It is fituated in the was deemed too great for the trade county of Caithnefs, and is fomewhat which was likely to pafs through it. of a triangular figure, each of the fides In 1766, feveral refpef table merchants being nearly 8 miles in length. The in Glafgow fet on foot a fubfeription furface is rather level than hilly ; only for making one 4 feet deep, and 24 in one eminence, the Warth, deferring width, the eftimate of which was the name of a hill. The E. coaft is but parliament refufed af- every where exceeding bold ; and the 30,000!. fent to the bill, on account of the fmall wild and varied magnificence of the nefs of the fcale ; and a new fubferip- rocks are peculiarly ftriking to the eye tion was begun for one 7 feet deep, of a ftranger ; Dungijbay-head, the N.E. eftimated at 150,000!. The fubferip- promontory of the diftrict, prefentmg tion was foon filled up, and received one continued precipice to the fea. the fanclion of parliament. On the W. from Dangijbay-he-ad the ccaft b:

10th of July, 1768, the

company

be-

conies level, having fields of the raoft

i
"

gan to break ground, under the direc- fertile foil, and luxuriant verdures ; tion of Mr. Smeatcn, and, after having proaching to the very beach. pact with many and alrnofc unfur- is here corapoied of ihells, and iheU-

CAN
und
of the pureft white, which contribute alike to beautify the coaft, and to enrich the foil : the coaft affords only % or 3 bays, where, in moderate weather, veffels may take in but none are fafe with a cargoes rough or ftormy lea. The Stores of Canifbay'are exceeding valuable, yielding about ioc tons of kelp in a favourable feafoR. The foil, wherever cultivation prevails, is a light black loam, with an intermixture of mofs ; there are coniiderable trads of pafture ground, which require only the advantage of cultivation to be rendered productive ; the reft of the parifh is cither heath or mofs, yielding peats in the greateft abundance, and of excellent quality. The ifiand of Stroma, in the Pentland Frith, belongs to this The rocks parifh ; (vide Stroma.) of the coaft are moftly oompofed of Near Ba'rrogil-cajlk is a freeftone. fpecies of bituminous coal, which eburning, but snits a hot vivid flame without much diminution of its fize, or difiblution of its parts it is found near the furface, and there is every reafon to fuppofe that coal of a fupexior quality might be found under it. In the burn of Sempfler is found a fiuoric fpar y of the pureft white colour when put into the fire it emits a considerable portion -of phofphoric light, which gradually decays as the ftone cools, and is again emitted when the ftone is heated anew ; when reduced to powder, and heated in a crucible, it puts on a beautiful and brilliant appearance during ignition ; it is a nonconductor of electricity, and is infolu"ble in any of the mineral acids. Frefnvick, the feat of Robert Sinclair, Efq. is a large elegant modern building ibme years ago, one of the wings was
;

CAN
one of the 4 iflands of ; the Hebrides, which form the parifli of Small Ifles, and is annexed to the county of Argyll. It is about 4 commuted miles in length, and 1 in breadth; its furface is partly high and rocky, producing excellent pafture, and partly low, and tolerably fertile. The horned cattle of Canna grow to a larger fize than any in the neighbouring iflands, owing to the finenefs of the grafs. Cod and ling abound on the coaft ; and the harbours are moft conveniently fituated for the fiihing grounds. On the S. E. fide of Canna lies Sand i/land, feparated by a channel, which is dry at low water. This fmall ifiand is
valuable, and fit both for crop pafture ; it has 4 tenants, who

CANNA

about

60I.

of yearly rent.

and pay Between

this ifiand

and Canna

lies

the well-

known and much frequented harbour of that name. A great many bafaltic
pillars are to

of the

on tlte

be feen in Canna one remarkable for its effecls mariners compafs, having pow:

hills is

er to reverfe the directions of the poles : many other places are magnetic, but in a lefs degree. There is alfo a great deal of cozxiz plumpudding-jtone in many places, connected with the bafaltic rock. Population of Canna 3 about 30c. Camnich; a ftream in InvernefsShire, which, united with other itreams near Erchlefs-caftle, forms the river Beauiy. a parifh in the county ; of Dumfries. It extends about 9 miles in length, and 6 in breadth ; it may be confidered as the low lands of Elkdale ; for, its higheft grounds, which rife gradually towards the E. and N.E.

CANOBY

much damaged by lightning.

caftle,

Burrogil-

a feat -of the Earl of Caithnefs, is an old and venerable pile ; it has been of late much embellifhed and enlarged by its noble owner. Rr.ahjler is alfo an old caftle, the refidence of the Sinclairs of Brabfter. There are 3 ancient towers or cafties, built on xocks furrounded by the fea, which have been occupied as places of defence. John o' Groat' s-houfe, fo often vifited by travellers, is fituated about a mileand a half from Dungifbay-head (vide John o' Groat ? s-house.) Population, in 1793, -195s.

cannot be called mountains, contrafted. with the elevated peaks in the conterminous pariihes at the fame time the furface is uneven, and diverlified by a variety of ridges and flats, excepting the banks of the Efk, which
;

are level.

The

central part

is

inter-

fered by the Elk, and the great road from Edinburgh to London pafles in the fame direction. The foil is a light loam, fheltered by aprofufion of wood
in

every part.

Befides the Elk, the

watered by the Liddal, which divides it from England, and the Tarras, remarkable for its romantic fcenery. The number of acres occupied by wood cannot be kfs than ioooj
parifli is

C
of which the 03k

AR
is

CAR
A
which makes ths This rock contains a great deal of iron ore, and in one: place, which was (truck with lightning about the year 1756, large pieces of' metallic ore was thrown down, which feemed to be a mixture of copper and iron. Clofe by this part of the rock is a cave 40 feet long, 5 high, and 5 broad, which communicates at the end with another 37 feet in length, 9 in breadth, and 9. in height. The N. E. part of the ifland abounds with rabbits, where the foil is a mixture of
equal
fed

the chief, Anumber of orchards have been lately made out byorder of the Pukeof Buccleugh, Roman who is fole proprietor. camp and military'road are diftinctly to be traced ; and the ruins of a priory are ft ill viiible, about half a mile Free'lone, limefrom the church. ftone, and coal, are found in great abundance. There is a powerful chalybeate fpring near the Liddal, and a fpring on the banks of the Tarras, which has a petrifying quality. Population in 1794, 272$. or a peCArt ; ninfula or diftriift of Argyilfhire. Vide

50

feet,

whole 167

feet.

TYRE

KINTYRE
Vide

Kin tyre. Cape Wrath.

(Cape).

Wrath

CAPUTH ; a panfli in the diftricr. It of Perthfhire, called Stormont. comprehends an extenfive portion of the vale of Strathmore, ftretching in length nearly 13 miles, and varying in breadth from 1 to 6. The Tay, the Ida, and water of Lunan, are the riThe Lunan in its vers of the pariih. courfe, forms a fuccefiion of fmall lakes, and at laft falls into the IQa.
The
furface is mountainous the foil of the arable part is moftly a deep clay, except on the banks of the Tay and Ida, where it is a light loam. There are 5 or 6 fmall villages in the pariih, in one of which a ftamp-ofiice
;

fand, and earth ; the reft is and the greater part might be cultivated, but it is thought more profitable to keep it under pafture. It isthe property of Mr. McDonald of Leargie, who rents it at about 35 L iterling.
fliells,

rnoffy,

Adjoining to the houfe of the farmer,

is an old chapel, 26 feet long, and 12. broad, with a Gothic arched door on the N. fide. Tu 1793, the number of inhabitants amounted to 22.

CARALDSTON,orCARESTON;
a fmall pariih in the county of Angus, extending about 3 miles in length, and. The furface is beauti1 in breadth. ful, and well cultivated, with a gentle flope from N. to S.; thei'e are no

rocks or
fertile
;

The foil is deep and hills. and the banks of the rivers Southefk and Norin, are beautifuly ornamented with various plantations.

is efcablifhed,

where is ufuaily ftamped There are fed annually a confiderable upwards of 100,000 yards of linen. number of black cattle, but very few There is a good deal of natural wood, fheep. Mr. Skene of Careiton is the and new plantations have lately been proprietor and patron of the parifh..

made
fine

out.

The

hills

blue
;

flate.

There are

afford a very feveral an-

Population in

Garden

790, 260; in 1801 229. hill in the county of

cairns, Peebles, about 1400 feet above the leone called Cairnmuir, vel of the Tweed. is efteemed the largeft in the country. CARDROSS; a parifh in the counPopulation in 1792, 2045. ty of Dunbarton, about 7 miles in CARA ; a fmall ifland of Argyll- length, and from 3 to 4 in breadth.
tiquities, as druidical circles,

&c.

of the

laft,

fula of Kintyre,

34 miles W. of the penin- The fituation is peculiarly beautiful, and about 2 miles S. waflied on the eaftern border by the of the ifland of Gigha, to which it is Leven, and on the S. by the Frith of attached in forming a parochial dif- Clyde. The ground rifes with a gratrhfl. The extent of Cara is about a dual afcent from the fhore for upmile in length, and half a mile in wards of 2 miles, till it terminates in breadth. The more is high and rocky, a ridge of hills which feparate it from except at the N. E. end, where there the lands in. the neighbourhood of Leis a landing-place. The S. end, call- ven and Loch Lomond. On the fhore ed the Mao:/, or Mull of Cara, which the foil is gravelly ; at a fhort diftanee is the higheft part of the ifland, is a it becomes clay and the lands adjacent perpendicular rock, meafuring 117 feet to the Leven, are of the nature of in height ; from the fhore to the foot Carfe. The natural wood and plantaof this precipice there is a fteep afcent, tions ate coniiderablc, and from aoooi*
fhire
;

lies

CAR
to 3000I. worth will be fold at one
cutting.

CAR
prefent there are only about ioo acres of natural coppices, and 400 acres of* plantation. Several freeftone quarries, of excellent quality and good colour,

The printfields olDalquhurn and Cordale are by far the moft confiderable and extenflve in Scotland the latter employs no fewer than 880 have been wrought to a confiderable perfons. The village of Rent own, fitu- extent ; limeftone alfo is found, and ated on the eftate of Mr. Smollet of might, it is faid, be wrought to good Dalquhum, is rapidly increafing in account; there is alfo great abundance fize, and another village has lately been of rock marl. Near the confluence built on the eftate of Graham of Garth- of the Tay and Ifla, are difcovered village of Rentoivn, more. Near the plain veftiges of a Roman encampin theold maniion-houfe of Dalquhurn, ment ihefoja are perfectly diftinct, was born Br. Tobias Smollet, the well and the aqueduct by which they were known author of Roderic Random, and filled from a neighbouring river, is in other entertaining works. His " Hif- a ftate of high prefervation. On a rotory of England," though perhaps in- mantic rock, which rifes perpendicuferior to Hume or Robertfon in refine- larly over the Linn of Campfey, are ment of thought and political obferva- the ruins of an ancient religious houfe, tion, is noted for the beauties of def- faid to have been dependent on the cription, and the ready delineation of abbey of Cupar. A Roman road, acharacter. After a chequered life of bout 20 feet broad, compofed of rough 51 years, he died at Leghorn, whither round ftones, rudely laid together, he had gone for the recovery of his paries along the high grounds. Stobhealth, in 1771. Adjacent to the place hall, a feat of the family of Perth, is of his nativity, Mr. Smollet of Bonhill, an old fabric, fancifully fituated on a his coufin, has erected a lofty column narrow peninfula, on the banks of the to his memory, with an elegant Latin Tay. A confiderable manufacture of infcription. Population of Cardrofs brown linens and filefias is carried on in the pariih, and 3 bleachfields have in 1793, 2194. CARGILL ; a parifh in Perthfhire, been lately eftablifhed. There are 3 fituated in the valley of Strathmore. villages; one of which, named Strelitz, It is nearly an oblong fquare, about 6 in honour of her prefent Majefty, was miles in length, and from 4 to 5 in erected in 1763, as a place of refidence
;

breadth.
fified

with

The furface is finely diverwood and water, and variedeclivities,

for the difcharged foldiery, at the conclufion of the German war. Popula-

gated by gentle afcents and

tion of the pariih of Cargill, as return-

Sir John Sinclair in 1793, 1720. Carity ; a fmall river, which takes mile from the Tay, which bounds it on the N. ; it reaches a plain, which its fource in the pariih of Lintrathen, extends to the Sidlaw hills, which county of Angus, and after a meanexcept the dering courfe of 5 miles, is loft in the form the S. boundary wood lands, it is moftly arable, and Southefk, at a fmall village called Inmany improvements have been lately vercarity, to which it gives its name. Carletonhill, in the parifh of made. The foil, on the banks of the river, is a deep rich clay ; towards the Coimonell, in Ayrfhire, rifes with a middle it is loamy ; at the foot of the fteep afcent to the elevation of 1554 It is hills it becomes gravelly, and unpro- feet above the level of the fea. ductive. Near the W. end of the pa- fituated fo near the fea, at the bottom rim, the Tay forms what is called the of a bay of the fame name, that, at Linn of Campfey, by falling over a full tide, there is little more than room rugged bafaltic dyke, which crofTes forthe traveller to pafs without danger, the river at this place, and is found to from the rocks threatening on the one extend in a right line many miles to hand, and of falling into the ocean the N. and S. of the Tay. The Ifla on the other. runs into the Tay about a mile above CARLUKE ; a village and parifh the village of Cargill ; the fifheries on in the county of Lanark. The pariih both thefe rivers are of confiderable is about 7 miles in length, from the value, and moftly all held in leafe by Clyde to its boundary on the E. and a company in Perth. In former times fully 44 miles in breadth. The furthis pa$ifh abounded with wood ; at face rife-, to a confiderable height inriling gradually to a ridge for
:

about a ed to

GAR
the eaftern border; it has in confequence a great declivity, but aim oft
;

CAR

but has been drained fo, that only 80 acres are now under water ; it has the whole is arable. The foil, on the been a great fource of improvement in the neighbourhood, in containing banks of the river, is light and fertile farther up it becomes a rich mellow an inexhauftible fund of iTiell marl ; it clay, excellently adapted for trees ; it alfo abounds with pike, perches, and eels. is therefore generally covered with CARMICHAEL ;, a parifh about 5 woods and orchards. In the more diitant fields, the foil is in general miles in length, and from 3 to 4 in, fhallow and poor, with a bad bottom, breadth is fituated on the banks of and unproductive. The banks of the the Clyde, in the county of Lanark. Clyde are famous for fruit ; and in The furface is very unequal. In it the parifh of Carluke, apples and pears there are feveral hills of conliderable are produced in more abundance than height, covered for the moft part with fhort heath ; the foil towards the perhaps any other diftrict in Scotland the orchards extend in length 5 miles, Clyde is gravelly, in the higher parts and are fuppofed to comprehend near- clay and wet. The Earls of Hyndford, There are feveral little who are the chief proprietors, have enly 80 acres. hills or laws, which have had, or ftill clofed and planted a great part of the have, cairns of (tones upon them, and parifh. There are both coal and limebear marks of great antiquity; Coal ftone, of excellent quality, on Lord Population in abounds every where, the ftrata of Hyndford's lards. which are in general thin, not exceed- 1791, 781. ; a parilh in Laing 26 or 30 inches; freeftone, lime, and ironftone, are abundant; and me- narkfhire ; the extent from E. to W. tallic calces, and calcareous petrifac- is about 4 miles in length, and 3 in breadth from N. to S. The greater tions, are fornetimes met with. The village of Carluke is about 5 part is elevated, and commands a moft meafured miles from Lanark, on the extenfive profpecT. ; the foil is partly a road leading to Glafgow ; it is a large light quick mould, and partly a ftrong and decent village, increasing very ra- deep clay, which when properly drainpidly in fize and population, fince the ed produces excellent crops ; there, introduction of the cotton manufac- are other grounds alfo, the foil of ture round it the wood lands and which is a fhallow clay, mixed with neighbouring fcenery is much admir- fand this kind of foil is poor, and Mauldflie, the elegant feat of the will not bear a fuccefhon of crops,, ed. Earl of Hyndford, is fituated near the without being every year nourifhed village. There are 3 caftles, which with rich manure. Of the whole exhave a venerable appearance and ro- tent, which may be nearly 2500 acres, mantic fituation, called HalI-Bar,Ha!l- about 1000 are employed in pafturage; Craig, and Hal I -Hi 11 ; and the fcite of the reft is generally eneloied. The an old abbey ftill retains the name of river Cart runs along the weftern the Abbey-Steads. The Roman road, boundary with great rapidity ; its called Watling's-ftreet, (perhaps a banks are in moft parts covered with corruption of I'ltellhts'-ftreet), paffes wood, which, together with its meanthrough the village of Brad wood, which derings, and the rapidity of its curis fituated in the N. W. corner of the rent, renders the fcenery highly pictuparilh. This parifh gave birth to Ma- refque and romantic. The great road jor-General William Roy, whofe abi- from Glafgow to England by Muirkirk lities as a profound mathematician are and Dumfries, paffes through the eaftwell known, and the rev. Dr. Dick, ern diftrict. In many parts there are late minifter of Edinburgh. Popula- coal and lirneftone, neither of which tion in 1 791, 1730. has been wrought to any extent ; VILLAGE. there is alfo plenty of ironftone, and Vide Castle-Douglas. extenfive quarries of freeftone; the Carlinwark (Loch); a lake in eftate of Cathkin abounds with whinthe parifh of Kelton, in the ftewartry ftone, appearing in many places in the of Kirkcudbright, along the W. fide form of regular bafaltic columns of 5 of which runs the military road. It and 7 fides. Many tumuli are to be formerly covered 116 acres of land, met with, and when opened, have ai~
;
;
.

CARMUNNOCK

CARLINWARK

CAR
ways been found to contain human and
bones, and inftruments of war. In the eftate of Caftle-Milk are the remains of a Roman military road; near which are found various pieces of Roman

CAR
ftrong building, with ftately apartments', which the late Earl fitted up in a moft elegant manner, and laid out

armour and
*

antiquities.

Population
a village in

n 179.3* 5 7-

CARMYLEFIELD;

the pleafure ground about the caftle with great tafte. Sir Robert Anftruther of Balcafkie alfo poffdfes a fine feat. There are fome excellent lime and freeftone quarries, and great a-

county of Lanark. It is noted for the beauty of its fituation, having a fine fouthern expofure, wafhed by the Clyde ; it was erecled as a muflin manufactory about 1 74 1, by a Mr. M'Kenzie, a merchant in Glafgow. CARMYLIE ; a parifh in the county of Forfar, extending in length about 4 miles, and in breadth about 3. It is a hilly tradt of country, but the hills are capable of cultivation to the fumparifh, in the

Old Monkland

bundanceof coal. Population

1041
;

in 1793,

in 1801, 1083.
;

mits.

Almofl the whole diftrid

is

wet, cold foil, on a till or gravelly bottom. There are feveral extenfive muirs and marfhes in the parifh, which might be drained and improved. A part of that extenfive mofs, called

Dihy
are

There mofs, lies in this parifh. feveral inexhauftible quarries of

gray flate and pavement ftones, which have been wrought for centuries, and fupplythe neighbourhood, befides exporting to Perthfhire, Fife, &c. Mr. Ouchterlony of Guynd, one of the proprietors, has lately made out fome extenfive plantations of oak and larch, which promife in a fhort time to re-

move the preferit barren and inhofpitable appearance of the parifh. The fmall river Elliot, which takes its rife
in Dihy mofs, runs through the whole length of the parifh. Population in 1791, 700; in 1801, 892. ; a parifh in the county of Fife. It is nearly of a fquare form, extending 4 miles each way. A ridge of hills runs E. and W. through the middle of the parifh ; one of which, Kellie Law, is elevated to th; 1 height of 810 feet above the level of the fea. On the S. fide of thefe high grounds, all the way down to the coaft of the Frith of Forth, is an extent of rich fertile foil ; N. of the hills the ground

CARNBEE

a parifh in the weftextremity of the county of Fife, is nearly a fquare of 3 miles. The furface is level towards the E.but has a gentle declivity towards the S. and is bounded on the N. and N. E. by the hills of Craiglufcar ; the ground confifts moftly of gentle rifings and declivities. The foil is partly a black loam, and partly clay or till, and in feveral places with a mixture of gravelThe rivulets of Carnock and Pitdennies havetheir banks covered with extenfive plantations of fir, larix, and afh. Befides the village of Carnock, there is another, called Cairneyhill. There are no fewer than 5 excellent coal mines* belonging to different proprietors there is alfo fome ironftone, and plenty of freeftone of the fineft grit, and capable of receiving the higheft polifh. From the Ink Craig of Carnock, there continually drops a fluid refembling ink it has been analyzed by Dr. Black, and found to contain coal, flex, and pure day. The village of Carnock is pleafantly fituated on the rivulet of Carnock it contains nearly 200 inhabitants; the chief manufacture iscoarfe linen. The late John Erfkine, Efq. of Carnock, profeffbr of municipal law in the univerfity of Edinburgh, and author of the " Infinites of the La<w of Scotland," was born in the houi'e of

CARNOCK

em

Newbigging,

in this parifh.
;

Popula-

tion in 1791, 970

in

in 1801, 860.

; an extenfive parifh the county of Lanark, forming nearly a regular oblong fquare, 17, miles long, and 8 broad. The foil is very different in the different parts of the parifh ; the Holms of the Clyde being of a deep clay, while on the

CARNWATH

is

much more adapted

in

for

pafture,

Medwins
is

it is

inclined to fand.

There

though
is

dry feafohs, even there, the crops are abundant. Nearly two-thirds
fubdivided and enclofed, and

many

of the parks are let to graziers at 566. per acre. The caftle of Kellie, the feat of the Earl of Kellie, is a large

a very confiderable extent of muir land, of which the foil is a cold ftiff clay, mixed with mofs, On the eftate of Lockhart of Lee, agriculture is fo much attended to that the tenants by their leafes are obliged to follow a roy

CAR
Two

CAR

brothers of the Forth, extending about 2 miles in tation of crops. name of Wilfon, merchants in Lon- length, and one in breadth. Tbi foil don, h.?ve lately erected a very exteri- is light and early, producing plentiful five iron foundery, and have built a crops ; and the whole furface is arable There are 4 villages in village, called Mifontoiun, for the ac- and enclofed. commodation of the workmen and the parifh, 2 of which have tolerable This work; is peculiar- harbours. There is plenty of exceltheir families. ly happy in its fituation, as ironftone, lent freeftone, and the whole parifh coal, limeftone, and clay, articles ef- lies on coal of the beft quality ; and fentially neceflary. to the work, are a confiderable manufacture of fait The celebrated Col. found in the greateft abundance in the is carried on.

immediate neighbourhood. The Clyde, Medwins, and Dippool, are the principal rivers in the parifh ; all of which contain trout and pike.^ There is a fmall lake, about a quarter of a mile from the village of Carnwath, about a
mile in circuit, containing perch. In addition to the minerals mentioned above, freeftone abounds in every part of the parifh. The ruins of the ancient cattle of Coutba'ky, a feat of the noble family of Somerville, fhew it to have been of great extent and ftrength. Population in 1793 eftimated about 3000. CARRICK; the foathern diftrict of Ayrfhire. It is bounded on the N. by Kyle, or Ayr Proper ; on the E. by Dumfriesfhire, and the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright ; on the S.by Wigtori; and on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean. Its furfaceis hilly, and the mountains, efpecially on the N. W. feem to be m-erely a continuation of that great ridge, which extends from the confines of England through the fhires of Selkirk, Peebles, Lanark, and Dumfries, and meets the Weftern Ocean between the diftricts of Carrick and Kyle. In the valleys between the hills, and along the fea fhore, are many {tripes of level ground, of a fine clay or loamy foil. The chief rivers are the Girvan and Stinchar, at the mouths of which are fituaied the towns of Stinchar and Ballantrae.

James Gardiner, who was

killed at the battle of Preftonpansj in the year 1 745was a native of this parifh. Here is

the termination of Graham's dyke, and the fortification of Blacknefs-caftle, one of the forts which, by the articles of Union, are to be kept in repair. Population in 1791-8, icoo. or PRIMROSE.

CARRINGTON,
;

Vide Primrose.

Carron

a fmall
;

but remarkable
it

river in Stirlingfhire

rifes

in the

parifh of Fintry, nearly in the center

Clyde

of the ifthmus between the Forth and takes an eafterly courfe, and ; falls into the Forth a few miles below Falkirk. The ftream is but fmall, and the length of its courfe not above 14 miles ; yet there is no river in Scot-

land, and few in Britain, whofe banks have been the fcene of fo many memorable tranfactions. When the Roman empire was in its glory, this river formed the boundary to its conquefts in Britain ; for the wall of Antoninus runs parallel to it for feveral miles..

The

Carron, after it leaves its fource, flows towards the S. S. E. watering the Carron Bog in its progrefs ; leaving which, it rufhes over the Auch'm-

lilly

linn /pout, a tremendous cataract, correfponding to a defcription in the tragedy of Douglas*

" Red came

the river down," Sec.

and From this it continues its courfe eafta great part of the country is ftill co- ward, winding through the caife of vered with natural wood. The extent Falkirk, and forming " the bonny banks is about 32 miles in length, and 20 in of Carron water," long fince famed in breadth. Carrick fell into the hands fong. It paffes near the hills of Duniof King Robert Bruce, by marriage pace, and the fite of the ancient ftrucwith the heirefs of Duncan, the laft of ture, called Arthur's Oven, which was

There

are feveral lakes,

the ancient Earls of Carrick, and the title is ftill retained by the royal family, the Prince of Wales, as Prince of Scotland, being born Earl of Carrick. CARRIDEN, or CARRIN ; a parifh in the county of Linlithgow, fituated oa the S. fide of the Frith of

indifputably of Roman erection. Historians mention a bloody battle to

have been fought near

this river,

be-

tween the Romans and the confederate army of the Scots and Picts, about the
beginning of the 5th century. The fcenes of the exploits of the heroes of
I a

CAR
Offian, in the opinion of Mr. M'Phetfon, were on its banks. Here Fingal fought with Caracal, the fons of the king of the world ; fuppofed to be

CAR
whether
it is not a volcano in actual irruption, ready to pour forth its meltThree kinds of ore are ed bowels. employed, which are mixed together in

the fame with Caracalla, the fons of the Roman emperor Severus. Here the fon of Offian, the young Ofcar, performed fome of his heroic actions ; and tradition points out the vale where the Scqttifh heroes affembled to attack the warriors of the ftream of Caros. About half a mile from the river lies the field where a battle was

fought by Sir William Wallace and the Englifh, in the beginning of the 14th century. The river Carron, though it has long ceafed to roll its ftream amidft the din of arms, yet preferves its fame, by lending its aid to trade and manufactures ; (vide Car-

ron Village.) The

ters
is

great canal enriver,

from the Forth at this

which
its

navigable for feyeral miles near

mouth.

CARRON;
fhire, fituated

a village in

Stirling;,

on the banks of the river Carron, about 3 miles from the entry into the Forth, and 2 miles N. of the town of Falkirk, celebrated for the moft extenfiye iron foundery in Europe. Thefe works employ about 1600 workmen, and, on an average, the furnaces confume weekly 800 tons of coals, 400 tons of ironftone and ore, and 100 tons of limeftone. All kinds of caft iron goods are manufactured here ; not only the inftruments of war, but various implements of agriculture, the arts, and for domeftic ufe

regular proportions. The firft is a fpecies of decompofed hematites, brought from Cumberland, which ftains the hand of a blood-red colour; the fecond is of a yellowifh brown colour, and of a rocky hardnefs ; the third is the fpecies of ironftone, called theftptariaf or geodes of Dunbar, from being found in the neighbourhood of that town. From the proper proportions of thefe ores an iron is procured, equal, if not fuperior, to the fable iron imported from Ruffia. The works are carried on by a chartered company, with a capital of 150,0001. fterling, which is divided into 600 fhares, which belong to a few individuals. a fine clear rivulet in that diftrict of Dumfriesfhire called Nithfdale ; it rifes at the foot of the Lowther hills, and after a courfe of about 9 miles through the parifh of Durifdeer, falls into the Nith at Car-

Carron;

ron foot.

Carron
which
called
falls

afmall river
into an

in Rcfsfhire,

arm of

the fea,
river

Loch Carron.
;

Both the

and loch abound with falmon.

a fmall rivulet in Kinfalls into the fea at the town of Stonehaven or Stonehive, forming a fine natural harbour. CARSE or CARSE OF GOWRIE, is that diftrict of Perthfhire, extending 15 miles in length, and from 2 to 4 in breadth, fituated on the N. bank of the river Tay, between that river and the foot of the Sidlaw hills. This tract of land, which is a rich plain, cultivated like a garden, feems to have been at one period covered with water ; nay, in the remembrance of feveral people ftill alive, many parts were a morafs, which, at this day, are exThe tenfive fields of arable ground. river Tay has been fuppofed to have formed a circuit round the Carfe, wafhing the foot of the Sidlaw hills, and entering its prefent channel at Invergonvrie. Staples for holding cables have been found at the foot of the Sidlaw hills, N. of the fiat land. The parifh of St. Madois, which is now in the Carfe of Cowrie, is faid to have been once on the fouthern fide of the river. Such parts of the Carfe as are called
cardinefhire,

Carron

which

and the greater part of thefe commodities, whether of ability or ornament,

can be furnifhed at one third of the price they coft elfewhere. But labour

and workman fhip

fifted

are in this place af-

and haftened by fo many machines and ingenious proceffes, that its commodities are executed both in a fhorter time, and in greater perfection, than in any other eftablifhment of the fame kind. To a ftranger, the approach to the works is ftriking and terrible. The illumination of the atrhofphere produced by the burning matter, the roaring blafts of the imrnenfe bellows, and the noife of the weighty hammers ftriking upon refounding anvils, recals to the imagination the idea of Vulcan and his cyclops occupied in preparing thunde bolts, or raifes doubt3 in the mind

CAR
inches (a are elevatedabovetheother flat ground,

CAS
interfperfed with mofs. From the appearance of the country, it is evidently unfavourable for hufbandry : indeed,

word which

fignlfies i/IanJs),

which has been covered with water.

cf thefe eminences is very from that of the low ground the former being a red till, approaching to the nature of loam, and the latter, like all land which has been immerfed under water, is a blue clay, of

The

foil

different

a very rich quality. Previous to the year 1760, the Carfe was disfigured with many large pools of water ; hut thefe have all been drained, except the ^l>a, which covers nearly 30 acres of lation in 1792, 609. CARSTA1RS ; a village and parifh excellent land. Lying on the banks of the river Tay, the Carfe of Gowrie in the county of Lanark. The length poffeffes feveral tolerable harbours, of the pariih from N. to S. is 6 miles, It the chief of which is at Errol, nearly and its breadth 3 from E. to in the center of the diftrict ; and the is divided into 2 diftricts by a ridge

pafturnge is only attended to. Formerly there were extenfive forefts of natural wood, and at that time iron mines were wrought ; but the decay of the forefts, and the want of coal, render ufelefs the iron ore with which this parifh abounds. Many of the fprings contain iron, diffolved by means of the carbonic acid, and are admired for their tonic quality. Popu-

W.

river

abounds with falmon

fifhings

on

every part f its banks. The quarry of Kingoodie, on the eftate of Mr. Mylne of Mylnefield, is unqueftionabl'y the fineft of the kind in the county ; it is of a gray colour, and takes a very fine polifh. Many blocks of immenfe fize have been raifed; fome being 50 feet in length, 16 broad, and 3 it employs between 50 and 60 thick
;

labourers,

whofe
fouls.

families

amount

about 120
feat of

Caftle-Huntly,

to the

George Paterfon, Efq. is an elegant manfion, fituated near the E. end of the Carfe of Gowrie, commanding a profpect extenfive, diverfified, and grand beyond defcription.
It in

of rifing ground fo uniform, that it appears from the Lanark road to have been artificially formed. The higher ground is a mixture of clay and mofly earth, and the lower a fharp famly foil ; both divifions are of good quality, and capable of producing excellent crops, were farming more attended to, and the land properly cleaned and cultivated ; but a great drawback on improvement is the abfurd cuftom of ufmg peat for fuel, in a place where coal is fo abundant, and at a moderate price. Some of the farmers begin to fee their folly, and to be fenfible that the time they confume in bringing home peats would be much better

was built by Lord Gray, in 1442, employed in improving their fields. honour c" his lady, who was of the The village of Carflairs lies nearly efamily of Huntly. Befides this caftle, quidiftant from Edinburgh and Glafthere are many other ftately manfions gow, being 27 miles W. of the former, Near the vilin the Carfe of Gowrie, which mult and 26 E. of the latter. ftrike the eye, and attract the attention lage is the houfc of Carftairs, the feat of every beholder. The elegance of of Mr. Fullerton, where the gardens the buildings, the tafte with which are extenfive, and laid out in the beft the ground is laid cut, ornamented manner. There is a Roman camp on with gardens and orchards, befides the a riling ground near the Clyde, of
general beauty of the country, evince which, notwithstanding the attempts the judgment and opulence of the of the plough to deftroy the works of that nation, the pratorium and walls proprietors. Carse is alfo applied to different of circumvallation are frill very vifible. low grounds in Scotland ; as the Carfe Several Roman antiquities, as coins, inof Stirling, Carfe of Kincardine, &c. ftruments of war, and culinary utenbut thefe will be noticed in the ac- ills, have been lately dug up. Popucount of the difrrids in which they lie. lation in 1 791, 924. a fmall river in P.enfrewC ARSE-FERN, or C ARSE-FAIRN a parifh in the county of Wigton. fhire, which takes its rife in Cafile-, The furface is all hilly, except a fmall Semple loch, and after a circuitous plain on which the church is fituated, courfe of about 14 miles, falls into the and a few fpots on the fides of the ri- Clyde near Renfrew. vulets. The hills are in general green, Cassly j a fmall river which iffues
!
.

Cart;

'CAS
from the
hills in

CAT
W.
J
I j I

extremity the fea at Newcaftle, and the other cf Criech, in the county of Sutherland. turning to the W. empties its ftream It takes a courfe nearly S. and falls into into the Solway Erith. Befides thefe, the Frith or Kyle of Tain, about 12 the rivulets Hermitage, Tnveeden, Kermiles from its fource. The falmon \fiope, (which forms the boundary with f this river are fmall and white, and England), the Tinnis, and Blackburn, water this diftricr. The arable foil are efte<med very delicate. CASTLE -DOUGLAS, or CAR- lies moftly on the banks of the rivers ; XINWARK. This village, fituated but many acres, formerly under tilat the N.. corner of Carlin-jjark loch, lage, are now thrown into paflure. in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, The romantic cafcade, and natural was lately erecled into a free and in- bridge on the Blackburn, is in this dependent burgh of barony, under the diflrict. There are feveral fulphurefuperiority of William Douglas, Efq. ous mineral fprings, which are occaof Caftle-Douglas. It contains about fionally reforted to by invalids. Lime750 inhabitants, and carries on a con- ftone is found in great abundance, but siderable manufacture of cotton, in only a few crop feams of coal have which Mr. Douglas has a great con- yet been met with. There is alfo One great hindrance, however, plenty of freeftone. The Duke of -cern. to the fucceis in- that line, or any other Buccleugh has laid down a beautiful branch of manufacture, is the want of plan of a village, to be called Caftlefuel, which is brought from a great town ; it is fituated on the banks of the Lidded, and the inhabitants hold, d'iftance. Castlesemple Locu; a beauti- at a fmall feu-duty, off the Duke. ful piece of water in the parifh of There are many ruins of caftles and Lochwinnoch, Renfrewfhire. It co- fortified places ; in particular, a cirvers about 400 acres, and contains cular camp of 100 yards diameter, on plenty of pike and perch ; it abounds the top of Carby-hill, and alfo feveral alfo with f'wans, geefe. and other aqua- cairns; and many gold raid filver coins tic fowls. The beauty is much in- of great antiquity have been found creafed by the fine plantations which here. Dr. Armftrong, the author of furround it, and by a fmall ifland on the elegant claffic poem on " Health," which is an old caftle, called the Paile was a native of this parifh, and has or Pete, which appears to have been celebrated the beauties of the Liddal a place of confiderable ftrength. The in this poem; (vide Liddal.) Popuriver Odder flows into this lake, and lation in 1791, 1418. Catertkun ; a hill in the parifh the Black Cart is the outlet from it. an extenfive pa- of Menmuir, in Angusfhire, about 3 rifh in the county of Roxburgh, being or 4 miles N. of Brechin ; it is reupwards of 18 miles in length, and 14 markable for a very ftrong fortification It occupies that diftricr on its fummit ; it confifts of an imin breadth. which was anciently called Liddifdalc, menfe quantity of loofe ftones, ranged from the river Liddal, which runs round the fummit in an oval or ellipthrough it from N. E. towards the S. tic form ; the convexity of which, The general appearance is hilly and from the bafe within to that without, mountainous, and, at a diftance from is 122 feet: round the external bafe the rivers, bleak and wild in a high is a deep ditch, and 100 yards below, degree but on the banks of the ri- the veftiges of another furrounding the area within the ftony vers, it is very different ; thefe are the hill covered with natural wood and ex- mound is flat ; the length of the oval tenfive plantations, which afford an is 436 feet, and the tranfverfe diameinfinite variety of the moft picturefque ter 200 this area is covered with a fcenery. The mountains are high and fine foft grafs, while without the ring iteep, fome being elevated 2000 feet the furface of the hill is covered with above the level of the fea ; but they heath and mofs. Amongft the ftones all afford excellent paflure for fheep. fome plants appear, but of thefe the In the midft of thefe mountains is an digitalis or foxglove is the moft conextenfive bog or morafs, from which fpicuous. Within the area is a fine the rivers Tyne and Liddal take their fpring of the coldeft water ; and near rife, one running S. E. till it falls into the E. fide are the remains of a redanthe
'

N.

CASTLETOWN;

C
gWar
'

AT
clay.

CAT
Agriculture is almoft the on7y occupation of the inhabitants, notwithstanding its vicinity to Glafgow. The Waterfalls on the Cart are well adapted for the erection of machincry.; and the plantations on the banks of that river are much reforted to by the botanift, for rare plants. Coal,

building, of which the dyke and ditch are eafily to be ti need. What has been the intention of this enclofure is difficult to be determined, perhaps it might have marked the refidence of thole of high rank, or been fet apart for the purpofes of religion. The afcent of the hill is very fteep, and the fummit can only be approach-

one direction. There is another fortification in the neighbourhood, of inferior ftrength and note, called the Black Catertbun, from the colour of

ed

in

and fome ironftone, are fmall over the parilh. fpring is laid to poffefs a petrifying quality, and pieces of wood, mofs, Seecompletely converted into ftone, are
limeftone,

found

all

ramparts, which are compofed of It is of a circular figure, and coniifts of feveral concentric circles. On one fide a fmall riil takes its rife, which, in running down the hill, has formed a deep gully ; parallel to this rivulet is a rampart, wh-ch runs as far as the fortrefs, and forms an addiAs Caterthun tional poft or retreat. at a diftance has the refemblance of a fruftum of a cone, from the heap of
its

found
rious

in

it.

Near

it

alio, beautiful

earth.

/pars and

of a very cuform and appearance, are found.

cryjlaltizatioits,

field of Langfide, rendered remarkable for being the fcene of the laft and decifive effort of the unfortunate Mary to regain her crown and

The

authority, is in this parifh. Roman military ftation is very diftinet. The ruined caftle of Cathcart has been a. very ftrong building, fecured by a.

fummit, many travellers to have been a volcano, the water of which is extincb ; but there is this is certainly a miftake neither the appearance of lava, nor of any other volcanic matter in the neighbourhood, and there is evidently a fyftematic arrangement of the ftones
ftones at
its

moat and draw-bridge.

in 1792, 697.

Population

have Mated

it

Cathel (Loch) is a fmail lake the parifh of Halkirk, in the county of Caithnefs ; it is 3 miles long, and
upwards of
it abound* 2 in breadth with a fpecies of trout which are found no where elfe in the country, fuppofed to be what natur'alifts term frefh water herrings ; it empties itfelf by a fmall ftream into the river of Thurib, which falls into the Pentland Frith, at the
;

which compole its fortification. Mr. Pennant thinks it has been one of the pofts occupied by the Caledonians, previous to their engagement at the foot of the Grampians, with the cele- town of the fame name.
brated Agricola.

CATHCART;

a parifh fituated

a beautiful lake in the

teith,

CATHERlNE,OrKETTERIN (LOCH); diftrict of Mon-

about

2 miles S. W. from Glafgow, partly in the county of Lanark, and partly in that of Renfrew. Its extent may be eftimated at 6 miles long, and its mean breadth at %\. The furface is

agreeably diverfified with hill and dale, prefenting to the eye not abrupt ridges, but thofe alternate rifings and falls, which are fuppofed to conftitute picturefque beauty : many of the hills bear the marks of the plough to the very fummit, and none are fo fteep as to prevent cultivation. Through thefe hills the river Cart winds in an irregular and romantic courfe ; towards the fouthern part of the parifh the country is more bleak and barren, and the hills of greater height. The foil varies according to the fituation ; the lower parts are light and fandy, the middle a rich loam, and the. higher grounds

in Perthihire. It is about 10 miles in length, and 14- in breadth, exhibiting the moft romantic fcenery that imagination can fuppofe ; it its formed by the river Teath, in its paffage amongft thofe rugged mafTes which are called the Trofachs, form; of which appear on its level furface inthe form of bold and rugged iflands; and promontories. The fcenery i uncommonly fublime from the northern bank, where the road from Callander is cut with great labour, in many places out of the folid rock 5 but which is impaffable for a carriage, and can fcarcely be travelled over on

horfeback with fafety. Here, towards the Trofachs, the view is very grand ; the rocky iflands are feen riling boldly from the fmooth expanfe, and, at a fhort diftance, the mountains of JJjw-

C
*uenu

AV
j

HA

and Benlcdi are feen rearing their lofty fummits far above the furrounding hills. At the end of this lake, and at proper diftances on its banks, Mrs. Drummond of Perth has ereded fome huts of wicker-work, for the convenience of ftrangers who vifit this rude and picturefque fcene. Vide Trosachs, and Callander. Catlaw ; one of the Grampian mountains, fituated in the county of Angus the elevation of which, by barometrical menfuration, is found to be 2264 feet above the level of the fea. At the bafe, towards the N. E. is a chalybeate fpring, which is much efteemed as ufeful in weaknefs and
;

county of Fife, extending in length about 8 miles, and in breadth from 1 tcf 4 miles. The foil on the banks of the Eden, the N. W. boundary of the parifh, is light and fandy, with a hard bottom the reft of the pariih (except a fmall part round the village, which is gravelly), is a deep cold earth, on a whin and limeftone rocky bottom. The furface is hilly, but all the hills
;

are cultivated to the top.

Some

hills

confift of bafaltic pillars of 5

fides.

Agriculture
in thefe

is

more attended to with-

50 years, but much ftill remains to be done in the way of improvement. The Eden and Ceres, with

two

hyfterical affections. a village in Ayrfnire.

'CATRINE;

It is beautifully fituated
fide of

on the N. the river Ayr, in the weftern extremity of the parifh of Sorn it is of a regular oblong form, in the middle of which is a fquare of 300 feet, with ftreets leading from it on the E.
;

S. and W. and thefe are interfecled with other crofs ftreets at right angles.

This village is entirely anew creation, and owes its eftablifliment to the flouriftiing ftate

of the cotton manufacture Great Britain. In the year 1787, Mr. Alexander of Ballochmyle, the proprietor, in partnerfhip with the well-known and patriotic Mr. David Dale of Glafgovv, eftablifhed extenfiye ipinning machinery, and built this vilin

three fmaller rivulets, waStruthers, an ancient feat of the Earls of Craufurd, is a venerable houfe, with towers and battlements. Upon the eftate of Scotstarvet (the property of Mifs Scott), is a beautiful tower of jointed freeftone, 24 feet fquare, and 50 or 60 high. The walls are very thick, and from the windows being very fmall, and the whole being furmounted by a battlement, there can be no doubt of its being intended for a place of ftrength. Craighall and Magafk are 2 other ruins of ancient caftles. Coal,
ter the pariih.

or

and freeftone are abundant. Lindfay of Pitfcottie, author of a hiftory of Scotland, was a native of this pariih. Population in 1792, 2320; in
lime,
1

801, 2352.
;

lage for the

accommodation of the CESSFORD a fmall village in Tework people fince which time it has viotdale. Near it is the ancient caftle increased confiderably, and now con- of Cefsford, which gives title of baron tains nearly 1400 inhabitants. Catrine to the noble family of Kerr Duke of is diftant 14 miles from the town of Roxburgh. Ayr. CHANNELKIRK; a pariih in
;

CAVERS ; a parifh of irregular figure, and confiderable extent, in the

Berwickihire ; is nearly of a circular form, having a diameter of 54 miles. county of Roxburgh ; being upwards It is fituated amongft the Lammerof 20 miles long from E. to W. and muir hills, where they border with the from 7 to 2 broad. The weftern part counties of Eaft and Mid-Lothian. On is' hilly and rugged, but towards the the banks of the ftreamlets, which, uE. it becomes flat, with a rich fertile nited, form the river Lauder or Leader, foil. The upper diftrifi is moftly ap- are about 2000 acres in tillage, having propriated to fheep pafture. The ri- a light thin foil, on a deep bed of fandy vers Rule and liviot are the bounda- gravel. The hills are moftly bieak, ries on the N.'E. and S. E. joining and covered with heath. great many their ftreams at the extremity of the Pictifh or Scottifh military encamppariih. There is a fmall village, called ments are to be feen in this neighbourDenholm, on the eftate of the Duke hood, all of which are oval or round, of Buccleugh. Cavers, the feat of and are called rings by the common George Douglas, Efq. is an elegant people. Population in 1791, about jnanfion. Population in 1793, 1300. 600. CERES ; a pariih and village in the a fmall town in the

CHANONRY;

CHA
rriuMy of Rofs. It is fituated about a mile from the burgh of Rofem to which it was united by a chaster granted by King James II. anno 1444, under the common name of Fortrofs,
is

CHI
A pleafant little town, in the parifh

of Aboyne, Aberdeenfhire. It is a burgh of barony, of which the Earl of

Abyone
the year.

is

fuperior

it

has 4
;

fairs in

wow

foftened

into
It

Fortrofe

(vide

Charlotte (Fort)
tification

a fmall for-

near the town of Lerwick, in Shetland, faid to have been built nonr\\ and the refidence of the bifhop it is in the days of Oliver Cromwell. It bqw a prefbytery feat. Chanonry was repaired in 1781, under the direction of Captain Frazer, chief engineer contains about 450 inhabitants. CHAPEL of GARIOCH ; a parifh for Scotland ; it is now garrifoned by and prefbytery feat in the diftrict of a company of invalids it completely Garioch, in Aberdeenfhire. Its greateft commands the entry to Breffay Sound. CKIRNSIDE a confiderable vilextent from N. to S. is about 8 miles and from E. to W. about 7. The ap- lage in that divifion of Berwickfhire, pearance is hilly, and the foil" various, called Merfi or March. The village is though in general capable of cultiva- fituated on Chirnfide-hill, one of the tion the W. end is fubject to inun- eminences, which, disjoined from the dation from frequent mowers, owing Lammermuir ridge, project into the to the vicinity of feveral high hills. The low country. It is diftinguifhed for river Don which forms the fouthern its regular and femicircular afpect on boundary, and the Urie, abound with the S. and for its gradual declination trout. There is a conliderable extent to the Whittadder water, and comof wood land, and fome late planta- mands aviewof one of the richer! countions are in a thriving itate. In feve- ties in Scotland, with a prefpect of that ral parts are indications of limeitone, various and rural beauty which never but none has yet been difcovered. fails to expand and delight the mind Near the old caitle of Balquhain is of the fpectator. The village confifts a druidical temple, and one of the of 2 ftreets, running over the fummit fineft echoes in Scotland. Befide the of the hill nearly half a mile in length church is a large upright ftcr.e, 10 but the houfes are generally mean, and feet high, 4 broad, and a foot thick built of clay. As a burgh of barony, it is called the maiden Jione, and Mr. it has the privilege of holding an anPennant has given a fine engraving of nual fair, chiefly for the fale of fackthe hieroglyphics cut upon it. Near cloth and linen yarn, It is .the feat this village was fought the battle of of a prefbytery, and contains upwards Harlaw, in 141 1, between Alexander of 600 inhabitants. The parifh of Earl of Man", and Donald Lord of the Chirafide is of an oblong figure, the Ifles. Buchanan relates, that the num- length of which is about 4, and the ber of nobility which fell in this obfti- breadth 3 miles. The furface is fiat, nately contelted action, was greater with the exception of Chirnfide-hill than had fallen in any foreign engage- and the foil a rich loam, abundantly ment for many years before. Popu- fertile. As in the other parts of Merfe, lation in 1792, 986. the farmers here are a moft refpectabfe ; a village in and well informed body of men. Many the parifh of Dunfermline, in the coun- of the proprietors farm their own efty of Fife, pleafantly fituated on the tates, and have been always ready to N. coaft of the Frith of Forth. It adopt thole plans of agriculture which was built by the Earl of Elgin for the were likely to turn to advantage. On accommodation of the workmen, at the fides of the hill a conliderable the extenfive lime-works on his eftate number of fheep are annually reared. it has a tolerable harbour, where, in There is a conliderable quantity of the fummer months, from 30 to 50 marl found in a fmall lake, and the veiTels ufually lie, waiting their turns hill is almoft entirely compofed of of loading lime-ihells adjoining to it freeftone, with itrata of ihell marl, lb is the populous village of Limehlh.s, hard as almoft to defcrve the name of Charleitown contains nearly 500 inha- limeitone. fpecies of gypfum, nearly bitants. equal in quality to the tineft brought of from France- is found on the banks of

Rosemarkie.)

was called Chafrom being the chanonryof Rofs,

;

'

CHARLESTOWN

.1

CHARLESTOWN

ABOYNE

C L

CLA
county joins with that of Kinrofs
ftf

the Whittadder, in very confiderable quantities, and has been ufed as a manure to great advantage. There are fever?.! mineral fprings, ftrongly impregnated with iron ; and ieveral an-

fending a member to parliament. Ths valued rent is 26,482!. Scots, and the real land rent is about 3.4,3001. fterlirrg. In the enumeration returned to Si? tiquities, fuch as caftles, tumuli, &c. John Sinclair, the population of the but of too little curiohty to deferve county was 8749. particular notice. Population in 1791, is the head town of the county ; it is beautifully 961. This htaated on an emkreace, gently rifing CLACKMANNANSHIRE. final! county is- bounded on- the W. out of a plain' from E. to W. to the N. and E- by Perthfhire, and on- the height of 190 feet above the level of S. and S. W. by the Frith of Forth the Forth. On each fide of the town, and Stirliugfhire ; its greateft length is the ground has a gradual defcent, but about 9 miles, and its extreme breadth towards the W. it is bold and rocky,, does not exceed 8 ; it is a plain and where the old tower of Clackmannan, is placed the fcenery beheld from fertile country towards the Forth, producing abundance of corn, as weH this towe? is uncommonly pichirefque as pafture ; and the coaft poflefles fe- and beautiful* and has been viewed veral valuable and fafe harbours for with admiration by every traveller of The town' of Clackmannan itfhips, and ci'eeks for the reception of tafte. boats employed in the fifheries. From felf, however, by no means correfponds the more the furface rifes into the with the beauty of its fituation. The Ochil mountains, the higheft of which, psmeip'al ftreet is broad and fpaeious, Bemleugh, lies in the parifh of Tilly- but many of the houfes are mean and coultry. The tides of theie mountains wretched ; in the middle of the ftreet afford excellent pafture for iheep, but ftands the- tolbooth and eourt-houfe, towards the fummits the bare rocks a heap of ruins, and a nuilance to the are only to be feen. Confiderable im- public here ; the fheriff fometimes provements in agriculture have been holds his court, and here takes place made in this county but rather more the election of a member of parliaattention in general is paid to pafture ment. The harbour, or Clackmannan than to tillage however, the luxuri- po~ua, is formed by the river Devon, ance of the crops generally enable where it falls into the Forth ; its mean them to export a confiderable quanti- depth of water is 10 feet at the ufual ty of corn.. Clackmannanihire con- fhipping place, and 20 feet at the tains two confiderable villages, Alloa mouth of the harbour; it was formerand Clackmannan, the countytown, ly crooked and inconvenient, but was and 4 pariihes. Till lately, the want much improved is 1772, by Sir Lawof turnpike roads have been a great rence Lhmda-s. The village is fituated drawback on improvements but there on the eftate of Clackmannan, and. pays feu-duty to the proprietor of that is little reafon to complain of that circumftance at prefent. Clackman- eftate. It contains about 640 inhabinanihire abounds with coal in every tants. The parifh of Clackmannan is of part ; freeftone and granite are alfo In the Ochils, at an irregular figure, extending in length in great plenty. various times, have been wrought va- about 6, and in breadth nearly5 miles j luable ores, of filver, lead, copper, co- the whole is arable, none of the emimany nences being fo fteep as to prevent the balt, ironftone, and antimony beautiful fpecimens offeptaria ov geo- culture of the land ; the greater part tUs (iron ore) are alio found. Pebbles, is carfe ground, and highly productive^, agates, and a few topaz.es, are fome- a final! proportion is clay and wet. times difcovered amongft the rub- It is watered by the rivers Forth and: bifii, which is waihed from the hills. Devon, the laft of which is noted for'

CLACKMANNAN

The

pr-incfpal feats deferving notice,

feat

its falls

and cafcades. There are near-

of the family ly 800 acres covered with natural of Abercromby; Clackmannan, the feat woods and plantations, which are of Mr. Bruce of Kennet Shan.vpc.rk, highly ornamental and ufeful. Agrithe feat of Lord Cathcart and Alloa, culture is much attended to, and isthe feat of the Erikines of Alloa. This indebted for many improvements to
are Tullibody, the
; ;

CLE
Kilbagie and Kennetpam ; at the laft of which is a tolerable harbour. On the eftate of Lord Cathcart, the Devon Iron Company have erected ex-. tenfive furnaces and machinery ; pear which the thriving village of NewtonJhaw is lately built. Coal and limestone abound every where, of the belt quality ; and there is plenty -of freeitone, fit for building. Near the town itands a beautiful modem houfe, the

LO

The Clackmannan farmer club, which fertile; the middle is gravelly, and the was instituted nearly 20 years ago by hilly part cold and tilly. There are the gentlemen farmers in the county. feveral fine lakes amongft the hills, There are two extenfive diftilleries, at which abound with pike, perch, eel,

and a few trouts. The rivulets which proceed from the lakes have numerous
falls

of water, well adapted for the e-

rection of machinery. Mr. Adam of Mf'tyburgh, the proprietor, has given

an excellent example to his neighbours in the improvement of land, by

plantations, &c. and his pretty generally followed. There is great plenty of excellent freeftone; and limeftone is alio found, but at fo great a depth, that it is not confidered &s an object of
enclofures,

example

is

now

property of Mr. Bruce of Kennet. The old tower of Clackmannan is faid to have been biuit by King Robert importance. Coal is alfo found in the Bruce, and was long the chief feat of neighbourhood of Marjbttrgb ; but the family of Bruce in Scotland, Po- Mr. Adam has declined working it, pulation in 1 79 1, 2518. on account of its vicinity to his houfe. CLATT ; a village and parifh in the The hills are chiefly compofed of diftrict of Garioch, Aberdeenfhire. It whinftone. The road from Queensis lituated very high, fur-rounded with ferry tfi Perth paffes through this palofty hills, and fubject to be deluged rifh. On feveral of the hills are the with heavy rains. The foil is various, remains of forts, apparently conftructhut in general of excellent quality, and ed with great labour ; they are fupealily cultivated. Were the climate as pofedto be Roman, and to have formfavourable as the foil, few diftricts in ed a chain of polls to defend their the county would rival it in fertility. conquefts from their northern eneImprovements and enclofures are yet mies ; feveral urns containing human in their infancy: indeed, the fmall bones and afhes have been dug up farms, and the fhortnefs of the leafes, near thefe fortifications. Population are an effectual bar to all improve- in 1792, 653, ments. A fmall river, Gadie, takes its C.LOSEBURN ; a parifh in the disrife here, and afterwards becomes a trict of Nithfdale, county of D umities ? branch of the Urie. Granite is to be the greateft extent of which is from 9 found in moll places, very tit for build- to 10 miles in length, and the fame in ing, and eaiily wrought ; and veins breadth. The river Nitii forms the of beautiful variegated marble have W. boundary, along which the foil is been difcovered in front of Craig-hill, a fine rich loam ; to the eaftwarclj the which have as yet been neglected. The ground rifes a little, and the foil bevillage of Clatt was erected a burgh comes light, dry, and iandy the E. of barony, with power to hold weekly diftrict is covered with extenfive muirs, and annual markets. The fuperiority unfit for tillage, but affording excelbelongs to the family of Gordon of lent pafture for fheep. The principal Knockefpock, who have done every are ^ten/berry, Carrick Hills, and thing in their power to render it a Auchinleck ; from the firft of thefe, place of coniequence. The great fouth which is elevated 2000 feet above the road, leading directly north from the level of the fea, the Duke of QueenfCairn o' Mount, paries through the vil- berry takes his title. Befxdes the Nith ? lage. Population ofthepariihin 1792, the fmall rivulet Crubup, noted for the romantic linn, called Cricbup linn, 425CLEISH ; a parifh of Kinrofsfhire, runs through the parifh. There is no lituated along the N. fide of thofe hills coal nearer than 14 miles; but the which bound that county on the S. limeworks of Clofeburn are very exextending in length about 6 miles, tenfive, and have proved molt benefiand in breadth rather more than 1. cial to the county. There are about The foil is various ; at the bottom of 200 acres of natural wood, and 350 he hills it is a ftrong clay, and very acres of thriving plantation. The caf;

2-

CLU
tie of

C
i

LU

Clofeburn is a ruinous building, furrounded by a folic, which communicates with a loch a quarter of a mile in length. Near this cattle is a mineral well, which has often been of fervjce in fcrophulous cafes ; it is ftrongly impregnated with fulphur. There is alfo near the village of Clofeburn a chalybeate fpring of coniiderPopulation in 1792, able ftrength. 1490a river in Dumfriesfiiire. near the bafe of the Criffel mountains, and after a courfe of nearly 14 miles, falls into the river Kith, nearly oppofite to the old college or provoftry of Liticluden, in the parifh of Terregles. It abounds with excellent river trout, and contains
;

quantities of copper pyrites ; and a deep peat mofs on the very furr.mit of Benachally. There are veftiges of ; religious houfes,and of feveral mi,
litary

ftations,

and

fortified

Cludem

It takes its rife

a few falmon.

CLUNIE
miles,

a parifh of the Stormont,

It

in Perthfhire.

extends in length

from the top of the lower tier of the Grampians towards the valley
its breadth is about 4 ; furface is mountainous, the lower parts being about 150, while the highelt are not lefs than 1800 feet above the level of the fea. About onefourth part is arable, the reft being-

of Strathmore

great number of cairns and tumuli, which are faid to mark the places where the Romans under Agricola, and the Caledonians engaged, as defcribed by Tacitus. Forneth, the feat of the late patriotic Thomas Elder, Efq. is an elegant modern houfe, well iheltered with trees, and enjoying an extenhve profpeft. Gourdie, the feat of David Kinloch, Efq. is alfo a fine building. The rich and well cultivated eftate of Delvin, with its magnificent manfion, acids much to the beauty of the parifh. In the cattle of Clunie, on the ifland, as already mentioned, is faid to have been born the celebrated James Crichton, better known by the epithet of the admirable, whole adventures on the continent make fo diftinguifhed a figure in the annals of literature.

place's.

miles.

The

Population of Clunie in 1793,

a
parifh. in

1037.

CLUNY;
fhire, fituated

Aberdeenrivers

between the

Dee

mountain muir, and mofs.

is
is

The

foil
it

various

in the valleys,

however,

good, and yields tolerable crops.

Benachally is the higheft mountain ; at the foot of it, on the north fide, is a loch of the fame name, about a mile long, and half a mile broad ; it abounds with trout and pike. About 4 miles S. and 700 feet lower than this loch, is the loch of Clunie, about %\ miles in circumference, having a beautiful little ifland, on which is an old cattle, the occaiional refjdenc'e of the Earl of Airly. The banks of the loch are very picturefque, and feveral pleafure boats, with parties fifhing on the water, often increafe the beauty of the fcene. The parifh is well adapted to the refearches of the botanift, as it abounds with rare plants. The natural forefls are extenhve, but not fi > much lb as they were fome years ago. There are two mineral fprings, containingEpfom fait, valued for their antifcorbutic quality. The minerals already known are quartz, whinuone, granite, freeftone, and barytes : limeitone is found in one place, but the want of fuel prevents its being quarried. There is a vein of line
blue
Hate,

and Don. Its extent in length may be about 10 miles, and its breadth about % it lies very low, interfecTed by many rivulets from the furrounding hills, forming a great deal of haugh ground, which is often overflowed. The foil is warm and dry, even in the low grounds. Though the parifh lies low, and is completely furrounded with high hills, yet its climate is warm, and the winters are generally
;

mild.
to,

Agriculture

is

much

attended

and the crops

only fuel is are beginning to be exhaufted, and in a fhort time the inhabitants will be obliged to fupply thtmfelves with coal from Aberdeen. The only manufacture carried on is the knitting of ftockings, in which all the women, o)d men, and boys, are employed all the year round, excepting in the time cf
harveft. The Hon. Baron Gordon, and Mifs Frazer of Cafele-Frazer, the
I

are productive. The peat and turf; but thefe

interfperfed

with

large

proprietors of the parifh, are carryingon great improvements on their reGranite of excellent fpective eftates. quality, is the only mineral of any vaThere lue discovered in the diftrict. are 3 druidical temples, and feveral Population in cairns of great iize.

1792, was 883.

CLY
Clyde
;

C L
river in

and Corra linn, on your right At fome little distance from Shire. It takes its life from ClydeSlaw, hand. in the pariih of Crawford, one of thofe the fall, the walk, leading to a rock high hills which Separate Lanarkshire that juts out and overhangs the river, from the district of Anndndafc, hear brings yon all at once within fight of but no to the fources of the Annan and the this beautiful Sheet of water Tweed and dividing the county of Stranger refts Satisfied with this view ; Lanark through its whole length near- he ftill prefies onward along the walk, ly 55 miles, falls into the Frith of till from the rock immediately above Clyde, oppofitetothe district of Argyll- the linn, he fees the whole body of the shire, called Carval and the ifiand of river precipitate itfelf into the chaiin Bute. Next to the Tay, it is the largeft below. The rock over which it fells river in Scotland, and is navigable is upwards of 12 feet of perpendicular for fmall craft as far as Glafgow. At height, from which the Clyde makes Dalmure-burnfoot , 6 miles below the one precipitate tumble or leap into a whence fome of it again city, it is joined by the great canal hollow den from the Forth. In the courfe of this recoils in froth, and Smoking mift. Ariver, through that part of Lanarkshire bove, the river exhibits a broad, exto which it gives the name of Clydef- panded, and placid appearance, beaudale or Stathclyde, it waters the moil tifully environed w ith plantations of This appearance is Sudfertile vale in Scotland, and forms foreft trees. and, below feveral romantic falls and cafcades. denly changed at the fall Nearly 20 miles from its fource the it, the river is narrow, contracted, and vale begins to be contracted, the banks angrily boils and thunders, among become wide and deep, with a gradual rocks and precipices. The fame beaudeclivity on both iides, which are co- tiful and romantic walk conducts you vered by gentlemens feats, highly cul- back again, along the precipice that Numerous overhangs the river, both fides of tivated and embellifhed. orchards occupy its vales, loaded in which are environed by mural rocks, autumn with the fineft fruits, and equidistant and regular, forming, as beautiful meadows covered with flocks Mr. Pennant expreSSes it, a " Stupenadorn its holms and its plains. .Na- dous natural mafonry," from whole ture has agreeably diversified the whole crevices choughs, daws, and other Scene with hill and dale, contracted wild birds, are incefiantly Springing. together in the fmeft manner. About You defcend along the rWt:i- for about Lanark the Scenery is particularly in- half a mile, till you arrive at the Corra teresting, by its various and romantic linn, fo called from dn old caftle and
a large

Lanark-

iv'/Vo.7,

appearance. The defcription of this Scenery, as given by Mr. Lockhart in the Statistical Account of Scotland, is fo accurate anil beautiful, that we have taken the liberty to tranferibe his words in this place. " The falls of Clyde principally intereft the Stranger, and we Shall begin with the uppermoit one, although to come at it, we are obliged to pafs the fecond fall, or
1

Corra

linn.

The uppermoft one

is

Somewhat above i~ miles from Lanark, and from the eftate in which it
Situated, is called the Bonniton fall or lirinfi From Bonniton-houfe, a very neat and elegant modern building, you arrive at the linn, by a moSt romantic Avalk along the Clyde, leaving the^tzis

* The word linn has not hitherto been explained by any writer. It is no other than the Gaelic, word hum, i. e. leap or fall, differently Spelt and pronoimjed.

upon the oppofite bank. The old caftle fall, with Corra-hbuSb, and the rocky and woody banks of the Clyde, form of thernfelves a beautiful and grand coup d'oel; but nothing can equal the Striking and Stupendous appearance of the fall itfelf, which when viewed from any of the different feats placed here and there along the walks, muft fill every unaccuftomed beholder with aftonifhment. The tremendous rocks around, the old caftle upon the oppofite bank, a corn mill on the rock below, the furious and impatient ftream foaming over the rock, the horrid chaSm and abyfs underneath your feet, heightened by the hollow murmur of the water, and the Screams of wild birds, form at once a Spectacle both tremendous and pleaSing. fummer-houfe or pavilion is Situated over a high rocky bank, that overlooks the linn, built by S"ir James Carmichael of
eftate

CLY
From
its

CLY

upper- are inceflant and amufing. It is equalBonniton in 1708. moft room it affords a very ftriking ly romantic with the others; and, like profpect of the fall, for all at once, on the Corra linn, has three diftinct, but throwing your eyes towards a mirror, almoft precipitate falls. Wild rugged on the oppofite fide of the room from rocks are equally vifible here, and they the fall, you fee the whole tremendous are equally fringed with wood ; the cataract pouring as it were upon your trees, however, are by no means lb tall head. The Ctirrb linn by meafurement, and ftately, being compofed of copSalmon, pars (famlets), is found to be 84 feet in height. The pice wood. river does not i~uih over in one uni- horfe mufcle, or the pearl oyfter, form iheet like the Bonniton linn, but though numerous below, are never in three different, though almoft im- feen above this fall. The next piece
perceptible, precipitate leaps. On the fo-uthtrn bank, and when the fun lihines, a rainbow is perpetually feen forming itfelf upon the mift and fogs, arifing from the violent dafliing of the waters. The next curiofity, on defending the Clyde, that attracts the Lanark, or the cotton ftranger, is

of natural curiofity is Cartlane Craigs, upon the river Moufs, which enters Clyde about a mile Lbelow the town of Lanark. This is a curious and romantic den, about a quarter of a mile in length, bounded on either fide by a reef of lofty, precipitous, and rugged rocks, which are fringed with coppice New mills. The fituation of this village is wood and thriving- plantations on the r fouth. The rocky bank on the north iit the w eftern extremity of the Bonniton ground in a low den, and w'rthin fide is about 400 feet in height, and view of another beautiful and roman- it is not much lower upon the fouth Both banks are finely varied tic fall called Dzindaff linn, fignifying fide. in Gaelic black cajile leap,; and, no with the different appearances of rock, doubt, formerly fome fortrefs has been wood, and precipice. At the bottom fituated hereabouts, although no traces runs the river Moufs, which fcarceiy now remain, excepting in tradition, leaves room for the lonely traveller to which ftili points out a rock called traverfe the den however, here the Wallace s chair, where the patriot is celebrated botanift, Mr. Lightfoot, feid to have concealed himfelf from clambered in fearch of plants, and difthe Englifn. This fall is about 3 or 4 covered fome rare and uncommon feet high, and trouts have been ob- ones, as may be feen in his Flora Scotferved to fpring up and gain the top ica. At every reach of the Moufs, of of it with eafe. This fall, the village, which there are many, the fcenery four lofty cotton mills, and their bufy varies, and wherever you find a promiinhabitants, together with the wild and nent rock upon the one fide, you are woody fcenery around, muft attract fure to meet with a regular recefs on the notice of every ftranger. Below the other. Caverns in the rock are thefe are the romantic rocks and here and there obfervable, but none woods of Braxfield, the feat of the of them worthy of any particular depreient Lord Juftice Clerk, who, in- fcription. One, ftill called Wallace's fluenced by the good of his country, cove, tradition tells us, was the hiding very friendly feued the fite of the vil- hole of that patriot. Another equally lage and cotton mills to the benevolent- trifling, but which bears evident marks Mr. David Dale, at a very moderate of the chifiel, is faid to have been the feu-duty. The next fall of confe- abode of a hermit in former times, quence is the Stonyhyres linn, fituated but muft have been a miferable habiabout 2 miles below the Corra linn. It tation, hardly affording room to lie Confiderable veins of the is fo called from the neighbouring ef- down in. tate of Stonebyres, belonging to Da- fpatum ponderofum run through thefe niel Vere, Efq ; but the grounds adja- rocks ; but no other mineral has hicent to the fall, on both fides of the ri- therto been traced in this dreary den ver, have Lately been feued or pur- of foxes, badgers, and wild birds. It. chafed by Mr. Dale. This cataract is fomewhat fingular how the Moufs, which is about 80 feet in height, is the inftead of following its direct courfe, tie pins ultra of the falmon, as none can by Baronald-houfe, where the ground poflibly get above it, although their is lower and unobftrucfed by rocks, T.deayours, in the fpnwning feafon, fhould have penetrated the hill of

CLY

c o c

Cartlane, and formed a bed through tiquities; in particular, a flrongly ForIt teems prefamable that tified hill, on the S. iide of Loch Broi'olid rock. this vaft chafm has originally been ra, which is eileemed ahnoft impregformed by fome earthquake, which, nable by any force, -even afiifted by rending the rocks, allowed the water modern artillery. Population in 1792, to pafs that way." After palling Lan- 1660. Cockburn Lav/; a mountain in ark, it proceeds by Hamilton to Glafgow, receiving in its comic many tri- the pariih of Dunfe, in the county of butary ftreams, of which the Avon, Berwick. It riles from a bafe of at the South and North Cotters i are the leaft 6 miles in circumference to a coOver the river, at Glasgow, nical top, which is nearly a mile from chief. its bafe. The elevation is about 900 is thrown a fine bridge ; and feveral erected near its feet above the level of the fea, which ferial bridges are iburce. After palling Glasgow, it makes it a fine landmark for mariners. becomes navigable, receiving the river On the N. fide, a little below the midLenten at Dumbarton, and the river dle of the hill, are the ruins of a very Cart near Renfrew. Oppoftte New- old building, called Woden** or EdIt confifts of 3 concenport, Glafgow, the ft ream is about 2 win's hall. miles broad ; but only a fmall part of tric circles, the diameter of the innermofl being 40 feet, the thickaefs of it is navigable by velfels of burden. After palling Greenock., it falls into the the walls 7 feet, and the fpaces beFrith of Clyde, oppolite to the ifland tween the walls 7 and 10 feet; fhefe of Bute. The Clyde, every where be- fpaces have been arched over, and dilow the Corra linn, abounds with fal- vided into cells of 12, 16, and 20 feetmon ; but above this fall river trout It is remarkable in this ftructure, that the ftones are not cemented by any are only found. CLYDESDALE, or STRATH- kind of mortar ; they are chieSy whin, one of the three wards and made to lock into one another into which Lanarkfhire is divided, hav- with grooves and projections, executed ing the river Clyde running through with vaft labour. It is fuppofed to and dividing it into two nearly equal have been a PicrHh building, and afIt gives title of Marquis to terwards ufed as a military ftation. parts. COCKBURNSPATH ; a pariih on the eldeft lbn of the Duke of Hamilthe fea coaft in the county of Berwick. ton. Clyde slaw; a high hill in the It confifts of two parts- one high an tl pariih of Crawford, from which the mountainous, the other comparatively low and even. The upper divifioir river Clyde takes its rife. CLYNE ; a Highland parifn in the makes part of the Lamraermuir hills, county of Sutherland, of which the which approach within 3 miles of the inhabited part extends in length about ihore towards the W. ; the lower di24, and in breadth from 8 to 4 miles. vifion on the fea coaft is light and It is fituated on the E. coaft, from fandy, interfperfed with fields of rich. which the Ihore Safes gradually to the deep clay. The Ihore is high, prefentmountains. There are a great num- mg a fet of cliffs about 100 feet above ber of black cattle and fheep reared, the le'*el of the fea ; behind the cliffs but although many parts are capable the ground rifes gently towards the of improvement, agriculture is little hills, having many deep dens or raattended to. Loch Brora is a beauti- vines, whofe fides are fometimes fiopful fheet of water, which difcharges it- ing and covered with verdure,, but the felf into the lea by a rivulet of the general appearance is rocky, with fame name, at the entrance of which overhanging woods. Over one of thefe there is a tolerable harbour. The in- ravines is thrown the Peaths or Peefehabitants on the coait are moftly fiih- brldge, planned and executed by Mr. This bridge isers, but their poverty and want of en- Henderfon in 1786. couragement, prevent the fiihery from 123 feet from the furface of the water being prolecuted to advantage. There to the parapet, 300 feet in length, and is plenty of excellent freeftone, 3 or 4 15 feet wide, and is looked upon as quarries of limeftone, and coal is faid a mafterpiece of architecture. About to have been formerly wrought in the Dunglafs-, the feat of Sir James Hall, pariih. There are feveral Pictiih an- there is a great deal of fine wood, and

CLYDE;

c o c
valuable trees ; Pemmijh'u-l wood contains nearly 100 acres of fine natural oak. Nearly a quarter of a mile above the Peefefbri'dge are the remains of an ancient caftle, called the old tower; it appears to have been a place of great ftrength, but the date of its erection is unknown. Situated near the boundary of the kingdom, and pofielhng many ftrong military partes, this pari in has been frequently the fcene of war; this appears from the camps ftill vilible on the riling grounds, and the marks of military entrenchments in the glens. About 60 years ago, an attempt was made to clear a bafon, and form a harbour at the mouth of a fmall rivulet, called the Cove ; after the work was confiderably advanced, it was deftroyed by a ftcrm, and has never been renewed. road was at that time cut through the rock, by which carts pais under ground for the fpace of 60 or 70 yards. In this parifh the mineralogift will be highly gratified with the appearance of the fcbijtic rocks which compote the Lammermuir hills, and the arrangement of the primary and fecondary ftrata ; the upper part of the rock isfchijeus, and the lower is compofed of ftrata of fandftone, coal, &c. The meeting of thefe is diftindtly feen at Slckar Point, a promontory waihed by the fea ; here the horizontal ftrata of fandftone lie upon the broken and rugged edges of the febifrus, whofe beds are nearly in a vertical pofition. Several thick beds of gravel lie upon the fandftone, compofed of rounded pieces oifchijlus, whin and muirftone, porphyry, granite, and fmall nodules of limeftone. The greateft advantage lias attended the ufe of the fea ware or weed as a manure ; it is found to make the harveft earlier, and the barley raifed by that manure brings at leaft is. per boil more than the current price. The beds of coal, which were formerly wrought, feem to be completely exhauftcd. Population in 179. ),

COL
was erected fome years ago. Coal fa to be found in every part, and has beenwrought to great advantage. The
Southefk divides the parifh at its fouthern extremity its banks are bold, and covered with natural wood ; and over it is thrown an elegant bridge. Dalhouiie-caftle, the feat of the noble family of Ramfay, is a building of
;

great

antiquity,

pleafantly

fituated

on the banks of the river ; it was fomewhat modernized by the late Earl, and has loft much of its venerable appearance. The grounds are well laid out, and ornamented. The manfion of Cockpen, lately purchaild by the Earl of Dalhoufie, is admired for its delightful fituation, and the romantic beauty of the furrounding
fcenery.
rifh in

Population
;

in 1790, 1123.

a town and pathe county of Berwick. The town ftands in a retired dry valley, having a fmall rivulet of excellent water running upon each fide of it, and is about a mile diftant from the fea. It appears to have been of confiderable antiquity, for its menaftery was one of the moft ancient and flouriihing on the eaft of Scotland; and, prior to the confecraf on of the famous St. Cuthbert, which was performed in the cathedral of York, about the year 685, the firft monaftery was burnt, but was rebuilt (as Lord Hailes ftates in his Annals of Scotland) by king Edgar in 1098, who, in perfon, affifted at its confecration to the Virgin Mary. The town appears long ago to have been much larger than at prefent ; but, of late, it has affumed a more lively and cheerful appearance ; and the wealth and population are vifibly increafing. It contains about 720 inhabitants. The parifh is of an irregular fquare figure, of 7 or 8 miles. The general appearance is flat, but there is a confiderable portion of rifmg grounds, of eafy afcent and, gentle de-

COLDINGHAM

o8>
a parifh in the county of Edinburgh, about 2 miles long, and The foik is a ftrong clay, 1 \ broad. which in very fertile, and in general well cultivated. There is no particular manufacture carried on, if we except a fmall manufactory of gun-powder (the only one in Scotland), which
;

COCKPEN

with a few excepplough, and are of a rich fertile foil, except about 600 acres of muir, of which the foil is altogether barren and unfit for culture. There are feveral peat mofies, but the peats want that folidity which renders that fort of fuel fit for fires. St. jibtfs Head is fituated on the coaft, which is in general dangerous and rocky. There is a confiderable extent
clivity,

which

are,

tions,

acceffible to. the

C O t
c,i natural and planted wood, efpecially on the banks of the river Eye-, About a Which waters the parilh. bile W. of 5*. Abb's Head is a beautiful piece of water, called Coldingharfl loch, which is about a mile in circumference, and 'of considerable depth. There are, befides the town of Coldingham, 3 or 4 fmall villages in the parifh,- the inhabitants of which The are chiefly farmers or weavers. remains of a church are ftill vifible on the heights of St. Abb's Head, and a ruinous caftle, called Faji-cqftle, iurrounded on all fides by the fea, which has been almoft impregnable before the invention of artillery. Population

COL
abundant, and the fymptoms of coal are very flattering ; but few attempts have been made to difcover it. Shell and rock marl are found in many parts. Hirfel, the beautiful feat of the Earl of Home, and Kersfield, the property of Mr. Morifon, are great ornaments to the neighbourhood. Lord Home
is

in 1791, 2391.

COLDSTREAM

town

fituated

on the N. fide of the river Tweed, in the county of Berwick. It was anciently the feat of a priory or abbacy of the Ciftertian order, which feems
to have given rife to the town ; it is pleafantly fituated in a parilh of the lame name, where a fmall river, the Led, falls into the Tweed. In the town the number of inhabitants is 1162. Here General Monk fixed his head-quarters, before he marched into. England to reftore Charles II. and here he railed that regiment, which is ftiil called the C'oldftream regiment of Guards. Few towns are better fituated than Coldftream for manufactures. The banks of the Tweed are rich in corn and cattle, and coals are cheap. The roads from Berwick to London, from Berwick to Kelfo, and from- Dunfe to England, all pais through the town. The excellence of the wool, from the neighbouring district, points out the woollen manufacture as being adapted to the place. No extenfive trade, however, is carried on. neat bridge over the Tweed unites the two kingdoms at this town. The parilh extends along the Tweed 7 or 8 miles, and its breadth is about The general appearance of the 4. country is flat ; the eminences of the parilh do not deferve the name of hills. The foil is moftly rich and fertile ; on the banks of the Tweed, light ; incliningto clay, backwards. broad flip of barren land, called the midr land, divides the parilh, running through it from E. to There are no natural woods, but fome thriving plantations have been lately laid out. Freeftene

W.

has erected two fine obelilks, in meof his fon Lord Bunglafs, who was killed in the American war. Several tumuli in the parilh are laid to contain the bones of thofe who fell in the border wars. Population of the parilh in 1793, 2193. one of the weftern ifles, ; annexed in the divifion of counties to Argyilfhrre. It is about 13 miles in length, and 3 in breadth ; its furface is one continued rock, much diverfified with eminences, and covered with a thin firatum of earth, which in many places is wanting, diicovering the bare ftone. Such a foil is not fit for plants that ftrike deep roots, and perhaps no vegetable has ever grown on Coll to the height of 3 feet. The uncultivated parts, which may be nearly feveneighths of the whole, are covered with heath. Coil abounds with lochs, of which feveral contain trouts and eels. Rabbits are very numerous; and hares, which were lately introduced, are becoming fo. The caftle of Coll is a ftrong iquare built caftle, with turrets, &c. fituated on a rock ; it is ftill in tolerable repair. There are a great many black cattle fed on the iflahd, but fheep are not much encouraged. The two ends of the ifland belong to the Duke of Argyll, and the middle is the property of the Laird of Coll. The inhabitants employ themfelves in the fifhery. Population in 1793, 1041.. COLLAGE. This parilh lies in the valley of Strathmore, in the county of Perth, forming a fquare of nearly The northern divifion is to2 miles. lerably uniform, and rifes gently towards the hills, having a light black loamy foil, intermixed with clay, and mofiy tracts of fmall extent; the district towards the S. takes in the N. fide of the Sidlaw hills, the fides of which are in fome places enclofed and improved, but towards the top, with the exception of Dunfinnan, are covered with heath. Lord Dunfinnan is the fole proprietor, and has a pleafan!:" feat, DnnJh:7ian-hoitfe y in the N.

mory

COLL

W*

.i

COL
corner of the parifh, about 7 Bales from Perth, near the road which leads to Cupar-Angus. The moft noted piece of antiquity is the caffie of Macbeth, on the top of Dunlinnan hill for an account of which, vide Dun* sinnan. Collace, in 1797, contained
47,3 inhabitants.

01

of the Sthehar, and fome of its tributary ftreams, is loamy and fertile ;
and, thi'ough their whole courfe, are adorned with natural wood. One of the bills, called Knockdolian, riling in a conical lhape to a eonfiderable height, is a confpicuous land-mark to veflels, when they enter the Frith of Clyde* great part of the pariih is now enclofed, and agriculture is beginning to There are a great be attended to. number of ancient forts and cairns, concerning the erection of which tra*
-

a parifh in the coun8 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. The S. part of the pariih is- remarkably flat, but the N. is rather hilly. The arable land is
ty* of Fife,

COLLESSIE;

about

very fertile. The river Eden bounds the pariih on the S. large loch, which was drained fome time ago, is now covered with natural hay, and affords pafture to 120 head of cattle. Not far from the church are the remains of 2 caftles or fortifications ; feveral mounds have been lately opened, and found to contain human hones. Population in 1790-8, 949 ; in 5801, 93o. a parifh in the ; county of Mid-Lothian, which approaches within 2 miles of the metropolis. It extends about 4 miles E.

dition itfelf does not even hazard a coniecture. Population in 1792, noo.-

COLONSAY; one of the Hebrides, belonging to Argyllihire. As it is feparated from Oranfay by a narrow found, which is dry at lew water, we
may
confider thefe two as the fame The furface is unequal, having a eonfiderable number of rugged
ifland.

COLLINGTON

'

and

W.

direction,

and about 5 in a S. and N. and takes in part of the Pent-

land ridge, Logan-houfe hill, the higheft point being in this parifh. This hill is found, by repeated barometrical obfervations, to be 1700 feet above the level of the fea at Leith. The arable lands flope gently from the fkirts of the hills to the level of the river, and are all enclofed and highly cultivated. The river of Collington, or rather the water of Leith, abounds with much romantic fcenery, and in a courfe of 10 miles drives no fewer than 71 on the lands of Cornifton there mills are the veftiges of a very large and annot far from this cient encampment are a large cairns, and an upright ft one, called the kelflane, aBri tiih word, which imports the" ftone of tfee battle." Population in 1797, 1395. ; a parifh of the diftricT: of Carrick, in the county of Ayr. It is of confidcrable extent, being about 14 miles in length, and on an average 6 in breadth. From the fea, which bounds it on the W. for 4 miles inland, the furface is hilly ; the reft of the pariih, though elevated, is The foil is thin and COL and pretty level. a pariih in the ftewartry of Kirkcudlight:, a good deal intermixed with rarge ftorifesi The foil on the banks bright, extends along the banks of the
i

;.

COLMONELL

covered with heath ; but none of the eminences deferve the name of mountains. It contains about 8000 acres, of which 3000. are arable. The foil is light, and along the fh ores it inclines to fand, producing early and tolerable crops. Of late, the fyftem of converting arable land into pafture has. prevailed, and a great part of the two iflands is covered with black cattle. The remains of feveral Romifh chapels are to be fcen in Colonfay, where was' alfo a monaftery of Ciftertians; the remains of the abbey were taken down fome years ago, in erecting a farm houfe. The priory of the fame- monaftery was in Oranfay, the walls of which are ftill ftanding, and, next to Icolmkill, are efteemed the fineft relics of religious antiquities in the Hebrides.There is a great quantity of fine coral on the banks, round thefe iflands ; and a eonfiderable quantity of itelp is annually made from the fea weed thrown upon the coaft. The Duke of Argyll is the principal proprietor. The number of inhabitants amounts to nearly 720. Colonsay (Little) ; a frriall iiland of the Hebrides, fituated betwixt the ifles of Staffa and Gometra. It in many places exhibits fpecimensof bafaltie pillars, fimilar to thofe of Staffa, and is inhabited by one family, who look after a few fheep.
hills

VEND

SOUTHWICK

;.

C O
Solway

C
Avampy. On the

ON

Frith about 8 miles in length, and 4 in breadth. The furface is rough and irregular, much broken and .interrupted by rocks, large heaps of .ftones, and impenetrable copies of thorns, furze, and briars. For 2 miles along the coaft the country becomes arather more fmooth, and in many pi.'ces arable; but, farther up the country, particularly towards the N. E. extremity, the furface is occupied by the chain of the Criffel ox Cra-zufel mountains. From the appearance of the ground, it is evident that pafturage is move proper here than tillage. The fea coaft is remarkably bold and rocky, forming high and tremendous precipices, from the bottom of which the tide ebbs, leaving an extenfive fiat ,-fand, from whence the beholder may view the dreadful fcenery. Amongft the crevices of the rocks, and generally in the molt inaccefTible precipices, is found that marine plant_/I?wfthire, to the dangerous expedients ingathering which Shakefpeare alludes
in his defcription of

Dover

cliff.

" half way down '"Hangs one that jgathers fampfaref'

dreadful trade."
fmall river of Southwick forms a -convenient harbour, where it falls into All the moffes the Solway Frith. contain large trunks of oak and other
trees,
.this tracb

The

from whence it is probable that was formerly an extenfive

but, at prefent, there are Few trees either natural or planted. The mountains are compofed entirely <of granite, interfperied with veins .of quartz, and /pars. Like the .other parts of the Solway Frith, the polypus or animal flower is found here. Many of the fprings in the Criffel mountains contain, in folution, a quantity of calcareous matter, which gives them a petrifying quality. Population in I793> 9 6 4a village and parifh ; the county of Perth. The extent of the parifh is coniiderable, being about and 10 13 miles long From E. to broad. It confrfts of the ftrath or flat ground at the head of Stratherne, and of 4 glens, with rivulets at the bottom, which pour their waters into the Erne. The foil, in general in the low grounds, :is light and gravelly ; and in ibrne parts,
foreft
;

Fides of .the ftrath to the E. end of Locherne, and even along the lochitit'lf, is a continued ridge q hills, fomeof them elevated to a great height. Locherne is a beautiful expanfe of water, 8 miles in length. The banks are covered with natural wood of great extent and value. Eefides this Jake, there are fevcral fmaller lakes, which abound with Fmall trout. The hilly part is covered with flocks <sf fheep, of which there are annually reared about 16,000. Few diftricts afford more variety of wild Highland fcenery than Comrie. There is a good Hate quarry near the foreft of Glenairtney, and an excellent limeftone quarry at the end of Locherne, which has been of immen-fe Fervice in the improvement of the iands. The neareft coal is 25 miles diftant frcrn the village, and peats are at beft a troublefome and expenfive fuel. There are the remains of 3 druidical temple?, and the diftincb profile of a Roman camp in the plain of Dalgincrofs, in the neighbourhood of Comrie. This parifh, and the .neighbouring diftricl, have been much alarmed for Fevera'l years by frequent fmart -ihocks of earthquakes. In all the ihockswhich have been felt, Comrie feems to have been the center towards which the motion feems to proceed. The village of Comrie ftands on the confluence of the Erne and Rutbi'i. It is pleafantly fituated, and very ihrbsing. confiderable trade is-earried on in fpinnmg of yarn, and diuiuaticn of vvhilky. great part of it belongs to th-5 family of Perth. ..Near Locherne is Duneira, an elegant hunting^feat of the Right

W.

Hon. Henry Dundas.

1791, about 3000.
.lakes

Population in

COMRIE

one of the chain of ; formed by the Forth in patling through the parifri of Aberfoyle, in It is about 24; the. county of Perth. miles in length, and peffeffes the fame romantic fcenery for which Loch Catherine
fhire,

Con (Loch)

and-Locb Ard are dntinguiihed. Conan, oi-.Conon a river in Rofs;

W.

which

fails

into the

the Frith of Cromarty.

It

bottom of abounds

with falmon ; and formerly pearls of great-value were found near its mouth.
a parifh in Rofsfhire. ; furface is very mountainous, but there is a good deal of good corn

.CONTIN

The

.cfpecially in the.glens, it

is

deeper, and

land^s in .the valleys.

gixatnurr.ber

Lz

COR
of the
hills

COR
The
foil is

are covered with forefts of

generally a rich loam, diver-

wood. There are many lakes fified with clay and land. A great and rivers, which abound with falrnon part of the meadow ground is eomMany black cattle, pofed of decayed vegetables. Agriand other fifth. horfes, and fheep, are reared on the culture, in its different departments, hills, which alfo afford plenty of game is conducted according to the moft Shell and rock improved modes adapted in Scotland to the fportfman. marl, and limefcone of good quality, and the b6rdering counties of Engabound. The Rafay is the principal land fummer fallow, and a due rotanatural
;

river in the

parifh.

Population
its rife in

in

1792, 2500.

Coquet Rivkr

takes

the

tion of green and meliorating crops are pbferveci, and the farmer takes advantage of his local fituation to pror

cure dung from Edinburgh, by which he is enabled to raife crops in fucceflion, which others without this advantage are unable to do. A general opi r nion prevails here, that lime ufed as a confiderable fize, it enters England, manure would be unproductive, and and taking an eafterly direction, falls even deleterious, after ufirig the ftreet into the ocean betwixt Alnwick and dung of the metropolis this idea leems to be ill founded and, it is proCoquet ifle. Correfn a hill in the parifh of bable the practice would be attended Forbes, Aberdeenfhir-e, the height of with the contrary effect lime is ufed which is nearly 2000 feet above the principallyas aftinvulant, and as means level of the lea. It contains excellent of accelerating the eifiolution of vegetable matter, and its change into limeftone. Corrie ; a fmall river in Dumfries- the principles which are the food of mire. It has its fource in a glen of plants, which the ftreet dung affordjj the fame name, in the united parifhes in great abundance. Corftorphme is of Hutton and Corrie, and after a ra- watered at .one corner by the water of pid courfe of about 6 miles, falls into Leith, and by a fmall rivulet called the Milk at Balftaek. Gogar burn. There is but little wood CORSTORPHINE ; a parifh in in the whole diftrict, the ground being the county of Mid-Lothian, not more all arable, and too valuable to be laid than 2 or 3 miles from Edinburgh out in that unprofitable manner. The extends about 4 miles at its' greateft village of Corftorphine lies low, and length,, and on average a\ miles in is faid to have a damp and unhealthy breadth. The furface is in general atmofphere but there are no evidenlevel, rifing to few eminences, and ces of this circumftance epidemic disthefe inconfiderable over a great part orders are not more prevalent than in of its extent it fpreads into a fine .h the neighbourhood. The population plain. The grounds of higheft eleva- has very much decreafed within this tion, are thole which are called Cor- century; one caufe, of bringing people ftorphine hills; an appellation they to the place on a tranfient vifit has could hardly have gained, were it not fome years ago been removed. The for their fituation, being in a manner hepatic mineral fprihg, which was infulated in themidft of rich valleys, much reforted to, has fallen into total where they form a diyerfity highly difrepute for a number of yearn ; conducive to the beauty of the coun- owing, it is faid, to a drain pa fling try on the S. and W. fides they rife near the place, by which its virtues from the plain, by an ealy gradual af- have been impaired. Before that pecent, to the height of 470 feet above riod, Corftorphine was the place of the level of the lea on the N. and E. fafhionable refort from Edinburgh, they are more rocky and precipitate and had its balls, and other amufeExcept the appearance on the S. fide is re- naents of watering-places. markable for its beauty ; decorated fandftone, whinftone, and a fpecies of with the beautiful feats of Belmont ftone compofed of fch'ijlus and fandand Eeachwood, and having the whole ftone, intei mixed with micaceous fragLands cultivated and neatly enclofed, ments, no mineral of note has been it forms a pleafant rural Iandfcape. difcovered. Population in 1791, 1037,
: ; ;
:

county of Roxburgh, fromthofe mountains which feparate England from Scotland, and after receiving a vaft number of ftreams from the fides of the mountains, which increafe it to a

ou

c o

w
;

CORTACHYandCLOVA.

pniteS parifhes occupy a very extenfive portion of the county of Angus. The foil is in general poor, with a wet and cold bottom a part, however, of the haugh ground, on the banks of the Elk, the only river in the diftrier, is a
;

Thefe of fd ver coin, of eld Scottifh monarch s, have been dug up amongft the ruins
of the cafile of Ccull. The great difiadvantage of this pariih is the difta'nce from a fea port Aberdeen., the neareft, being diftant 'upward:-, of 30 miles. Population in 1791, 465. Coulter (Loch); a fmall lake in Stirlingihire. It is about. 2 miles in circumferer.ee, and pours its waters into Ban?iockbnm, the rivulet whofe banks s.re celebrated for the decilive viclcry gained over the Engliih army by King Robert Bruce. The rivulet of Bannockbum falls into the Porth, at the N. E. boundary of the parifh of St. Ninians. a parifh in the county of Lanark. It extends in length about 3 miles, and in breadth rather more than 2. The furface is partly haugh ground on the banks of the Clyde, and partly mountainous- Tb?io, the higheft point, is elevated to the height of 1720 feet above the level of the Clyde. The hilly part of the parifh is covered with heath, but the reft of the foil is fertile, and well cultivated. There is a fmall village, called Thankerton, beautifully fituated on the banks of the Clyde, over which river there is a bridge at this place. Within this fmall diftrict we meet with numerous relics of antiquity ; particularly four circular- camps, and a large cairn on the fummit of the hill ofTintaM where a fire was conftantly kept up,

light early foil, interfptrfed

with

fre-

quent patches of mofs.

The

parifhes

include a great part of the Grampian mountains, and from this circumftance are calculated principally for pafture ; fome of the hills are of great height, and many places are beautifully romantic and picturefque. In the fmall part of the parifhes which is capable of cultivation, the farmers follow a regular iyitem of agriculture. Marl, which is procured in great plenty at the diftance of 3 miles, is the only manure. There are two fmall lochs in the difkrict, which abound with trout

COVINGTON;

and pike.

The common
which

fuel

is

peat,

turf, or heath,

every part. ing to Lord Airly, and Clova-houie, the property of the Hon. Walter OgilWhhifcone is vie, are the only feats. found in great quantity ; but no freeflone, or any valuable mineral, has Population 3n been yet difcovered.
1791, 49-

are abundant in Cortachy-caftle, belong-

Cory-Vreckan; a dangerous gulf pr whirlpool, between the iflands 'jura .and Scorba, on the coaft of Argyllihire. It is nearly as much dreaded by the faiiors on thefe coafts, as the much famed Gulf of Charybdis was by the whence
faiiors

of old.

hill

of fire"

a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, fituated at the head of a ftrath which is called Cromar. Its fhape is nearly triangular, thelongeft fide of which is about 5 miles, and the other two afeout 34. ftrath of

COULL;

of a

name, which fignifies " the There is alfo a fine ruia fortification built by a Sir
its

Lindfey of Covington, in the year 144c. Population returned to Sir John Sinclair,

Coull, and the reft of the

sheltered

Cromar, by high

is

fiat,

hills

but much on each fide.

a diftrict of Argyllihire, ; a peninfula or point of land ilretching N. E. and S. between the Frith
is

COWAL

484.

W.

The foil is excellent, being compofed of clay and fand. The pariih takes in a"o part of the hills, which are bleak and barren, affording pafture to a few iheep. None of them rife to a great height. confiderable bog, in rainy feafons, is completely converted into a lake, and covered with aquatic

of Clyde and Loch Fyne. The N. E. part of the diftrict, which borders with Perthihire, prefents a rugged and broken' furface.

The mountains become

gradually lpwer, and the furface lefs rugged, as you advance to the S. W.j and towards the extremity, comparatively fpeaking, the land is low and
level.

The

hills afford

excellent paf-

There is a fmall druidical edi- ture for lheep and black cattle; though fice, on fome of the ftcnes of which formerly covered with heath, they are are the appearance of hieroglyphics, gradually growing green, fince the inand figures of men. It is called Tam- troduction of iheep. The foil has fo j^wyV/or hili afwor/hip. Several pieces great a tendency to produce heath,
fowls.

RA
Roflie,

CR A
enclofures are

that land laid out in fallow will become covered with it in 6 or 7 years. This diftrift is interfered by 3 arms of the fea, Loch Ridden, Loch Streven, and Loch Eck, and is watered by the river Cur and Eachaig, which abound with all kinds of fifh. The coaft is partly flat, and partly bold and rocky, j<afieffing many creeks and harbours, which afford Shelter to the buries employed in the herring fifhery. Here are ruins of the royal catties of Dunoon and Carriclc General Campbell of Strachur, -Campbell of South-hall, and Lamont of Lamont, have elegant houfes

now

general.

There were formerly

the
parifli,

but

feveral caflles in they are now demolifh-

but, if there are few monuments of ancient grandeur, we have feveral beautiful modern feats. Dunninald and Ufan are line manfions, with ornamented policies ; and the elegant caftle of Roflie, juft completed, is a

ed

and

Cowie

extenfive eftates in this district. a fmall rivulet in the ;

county of Kincardine, which, after running a. courfe of 9 or 10 miles through the parifli of Fetteueflb, falls into the ocean at a village called Cowie, a few miles from Stonehaven. Coyl ; a fmall rivulet in Ayrfhire, -which falls into the Lugar, near the village of Ochiltree. a parifli in the difvcidi of Kyle, in Ayrfhire. It extends about 2 miles in breadth, and 7 in

COYLTQN
The

length.

furface

is flat,
;

and the

foil is a rich fertile clay, particularly

productive on the banks of the rivers

Ayr and Doom There are new plantations, which are in

ing
ftate.

feveral

a thriv-

There are feveral lakes in the parifli, which abound with trout. Coal, freeftone, lime, and marl, are found in every part of the parifli.
Population
in 1792,

noble Specimen of modern architecture. Mr. Rofs has lately, at his own expence, built a neat church, with a handfome Square tower, to terminate the vifta from his caftle. Near Roflie is a mineral fpring, ftrongly impregnated with iron, of considerable fervice in relaxed habits. This parilh has alio extenfive limeftone quarries. Population in 17.908, 13 14. CRAIGIE a parifli in the diftricf. of Kyle, in the county of Ayr. The furface is hilly, and from the top of fome of the hills the profpecl is very extenfive. The foil is in general light, and gravelly but in fome parts is a deep ftrong clay. The greateft part is arable, well enclofed, and very productive. The hills are covered with verdure, and afford paflure to a great number of cattle. The extent of the parifli is 7 miles by 1 \ many parts of the parifli contain coal, though only one pit is at prefent wrought one feam is compofed of Cannel coai. There are alfo 2 or 3 great limeworks, from which 60,000 bolls of lime may be annuallyraifed. Population in 1792,
; ;
:

667700. Craig-Lockhart ; a hill about z a parifli Situated in the county of Angus, at the discharge of miles S. of Edinburgh ; it is beauthe Southeik into the ocean. It ex- tifully wooded, and forms a romantic tends along the fea coaft about 4 miles, fituation for the country refidence of prefenting a rocky craig or precipice the Hon. Baron Gordon, the propriethe.rock exto the fea ; its length is about 6, and tor ; towards the N. its breadth about 2 4 miles. The fur- hibits- lofty bafaltic columns, and on face is elevated about 400 feet above the S. E. 'fide another fet of bafaltic the level of the fea, but is upon the pillars appear ftill more difthict than whole flat. The foil is good, pro- the former, but of fmaller diameter ; ducing excellent crops. There are 2 the columns are inclined towards the fhing villages in the parifli, viz. Ufan E. forming an obtufe angle; ths fumand Ferryden. There was formerly mit of the hill is elevated 540 feet a very productive falmon frilling on above the level of the fea. Craiglusu (Loch); a lake inthe the Southefk, but of late it has greatly fallen off. There is an ifland in the district of Stormont, in Perthflnre, mouth of Southefk, called Inchbraick, from which the river Lunan takes its

CRAIG

W.

W.

attached to this parifli, through which the new road pafies from Arbroath to the bridge of Montrofe. From the

rife.

example of the Meffrs. Scotts of Dunninald ^cd Ufan, and Mr. Rofs of

CRAIGNISH; a parifli fituated on the weftern coaft of Argyllshire. The furface is low and flat ; the foil inclines -to clay,

and

is

tolerably

fertile.;

CRA
ut the climate, on account of the
vicinity to the Atlantic, is fo moid and variable, as often to blaft the farmer's hopes. Captain
nifh, is the only

RA

rampart, but not fo regular as tire nVir f confiderablc mafles of vitrified matte? are alfo found in this fecond ftructure.

Campbell of Craigperfon in the pariih

under which

is

the natural rock, chief-

has his farm enclofed, and employs fallow and artificial grafles. few herrings, and other fiih, are caught on the coaft. There are many fortified eminences in the parifn, fuppofed to be Danilh. In the vale, many rude monuments of death record in the moft artlefs manner the battles of ancient times. " There," fays Ofiian, ." the gray ftones rear their heads in the heath, to mark the graves of fallen heroes." There are alfo the remains of cairns, and othe tumuli. Coal is much wanted in this remote part of the Highlands ; but, it is hoped, the repeal of the coal tax, and the opening of the Crinan canal, will remove that want.- Population in 1792, 770. Craig-Owl one of the Sidlaw bills, in the pasrifti of Tealing, in the county of Angus has been found by actual measurements to be elevated perpendicular above the 1 100 feet level of the fea. Craig-Phatric ; a fteep and rugged hill in the neighbourhood of Invernefs ; the elevation of the higheft part is 1 150 feet above -the level of the river Nefs, which flows at its foot ; it is noted for the remains of one of thofe fortifications, which, from the vitrified a;:pearanceof the ftones, and the marks of fufion which they exhibit, have received the name of vitrifiedforts. That on the fummit of Craig-Phatric is by far the moft complete and extenfive one in Britain. The top of Craig-Pbatric is flat, and has been furroundec by a wall in the form of a parallelogram, the length of which is about 80 yards, and the breadth 30 within the wall. The ftones are all firmly connected together by a kind of vitrified matter, refembling lava, or the/cor/^ or flag of an iron foundery, and the ftones themfelves in many places feem to have been foftened and vitrified. The greater part of the rampart is now covered with turf, fo that it has the appearance of an earthen mound ; but, on removing the earth, the vitrified matter is every wbere vifible, and would feem f to have been in fome places of great height. On the outride there is the appearance of a fecond

who

with fome breccia or puddingJ} one here and there, compofed

ly a fine granite,

of red granite, pebbles, quartoze, nodules, &c. in a cement of argillaceous and quartoze matter. Within the area is a hollow, with a fmall fpring of water. The ruins of fimilar vitrified fortr* are to be feen on the iummits of other hills in the Highlands. On Knockfarril and Caftle-Finlay, in Rofsfhire \ on Dun-evan, in Nairnfhire and another, near the S. W. extremity of the ifland of Bute. The opinions concerning thefe ruins are very different; fome maintain that the vitrification is the effect of a volcano ; others, the work of art ; but Mr. Frazer Tytlei, in the fecond volume of the Tranfactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh-, endeavours to eftahlifti, that the vitrification is the refult of accident, the ruins of ancient forts deftroyed by fire. For a more particular account of this remarkable appearance, we refer the reader to a work by Mr. Williams^ entitled, " An account of fome remarkable ancient ruins, lately difcovered in the Highlands of Scotland.;" to, the Philofophical Transitions of London for the year 1777.; and to Mr. Tytler's treatife in the Philofophical Tranfactions of Edinburgh, vol. a. CRAIL ; a royal borough of great antiquity, in the county of Fife. It was anciently called Caryle and Cairraille, and is mentioned by old hiftorians as a town of confiderable note, as early as the middle of the 9th century. It received its royal charter from Robert the Bruce, which was fuccefiively confirmed, with feveral new grants, by Robert II. Mary, James Viand Charles I. It is fituated on the coaft of the Frith of Forth, near Fifenefs, and 'pofiefies a fmall harbour-, which, however, is neither commodicreek, a little to the ous nor fafe. weftward of the town, could, at a fmall expence, be converted into an excellent harbour. It confifts of two parallel ftre'ets, extending along the lh ore, which is here fteep and high. The houfes are fallen into decay, and the whole town bears evident marks of having feen better days. Crail uied to be the great rendezvous for the
;

CRA
herring fifnery ; but the fifhery, from various caufes, has been declining for this fame time, and Crail has declined alio. The parifh occupies the whole of the eaft nook of Fife, extending- in length about 6 miles, and of very irregular breadth. The general appearance is flat and naked ; the expofure to the fea winds being very unfavourable to the growth of trees. From the fhore, the ground rifes abruptly to the height of 60 or 80 feet above the level of the lea. The foil is very various, being found of all kinds, from the richeft black loam to the pcoreft thin Tret clay. From the attention paid to hufbandry, they have generally plentiful crops. In former times, coal ufed to be wrought in mo ft parts of the parifh. Limeftone is alfo found in a few quarries. There is- plenty of fireeftone, but the quality is not good. Balcomie-bcufe, a feat of the late General Scott, is well known as a feamark by failors navigating thefe feas. Airdrie and Wormifton are two fine modern houfes. The remains of a priory, and the ruins of an old caftle, where David I. refided, are the only remains of antiquity. Sibbald fays, that David I. died here. Population in 1798, 1624. a parifh in the dif; tridt of Teviotdale, county of Roxburgh ; its form is nearly circular, having a diameter of nearly 4 miles ; its furface reprefents a valley, with the river Teviot running in the centei\

CRA
a parifh fituated on ; the S. fide of the Frith of Forth, partly in the county of Linlithgow, and partly in Mid-Lothian; it is watered by the fmall river of Amon, which is the boundary of the fnires. The fides of this river are beautifully ornamented, from about Craighie-hall to where it falls into the Forth ; at this placeis the village of Nether Cramond. The whole extent of the parifh is from 6 to 7 miles in length, while the breadth varies from 1 to 2. Towr.rds the N. and E. the furface is flat, interfperfed with gentle eminences. This part is fei'tile, and the cultivation is well at

CRAMOND

tended to. The neighbourhood of Edinburgh, from which it is diftant only about 3 miles, affords a ready market for the produce,' and furniihes
plenty of excellent manure for the farms. The fouthern and weftern part of the parifh is more hilly and broken Corftorphine hill, riling to the height, of 470 feet above the level of the fea, is partly in this parifh. To this alfo i6 annexed the 2 fmall iflands of Cra-

CR AILING

The

foil,

though various,
fertile.

is

mond and Inehmickery. The road from Edinburgh to Queensferry paffes through the parifh, croffing the Amond and Cramond bridge. The fifheries on tne Forth are* much lefs than they have been at former times. The oyfter beds on the coaft, and about the iflands of Cramond and Inehmickery, are almoft deftroyed from over fifhing and the Amon, which formerly abounded with falmon and excellent, trout, is now almoft deferted. Roy;

S. there are considerable plantations of wood. Befides the Teviot, the fexall river Oxnam waters the parifh, and falls into the Teviot at this place. Agriculture i-s more attended to here than perhaps in any part in Scotland. Marl, lime, txvA' gypjimi, are ufed for manure. The turnpike from Hawick to

and very

Towards the

fton-houfe is an elegant feat. The principal manufacture carried on is the forging of iron, and working of
fteel. It is faid

the

company employs a

capital of

30,0001. Spades, bolts for fhips, rods, bars, hoops, Sec. are manufactured at this work. Free-ftone abounds in many places ; as alfo whinftone, and granite. Ironftone is

upwards of

Kelfopafles throughthe parifh. Mount Teviot Lodge, a fiat of the Marquis of Lothian, is finely iituatcd on the borders of a romantic glen, the fides of which are covered with natural wood. At the foot of the glen is Crailing-houfe, the feat of Mr. Hunter. Roman road or caufeway runs through the parifh ; near which are

found along the coafc, and there are many large feams of coal but, though pits have been frequently funk, they have fhortly been given up, on account of the badnefs of the coal. In
;

feve'ral

fortification?:,

faid

to be Roman. 1790-8, 675!.

Corftorphine hill there is a fpecies of ftone, feemingly compofed of fchiftus and quartz? which is fo hard, that when' beated and pulverized, has been found which are alio to anfwer moft of the purpofes of Population in emery* There is another kind of mixed ftone, which has the appearance-

CRA
of coarfe whinftone, but has evidently a confiderable quantity of calcareous matter in its competition. When taken from the quarry, it is hard enough to ftrike fire with fteel, but by expofure to the weather, it foon crumbles down to an earth, in the fragments of which very fine fpecimens of cryftallized zeolite is found. There is a mineral fpring on the lands of Marchfidd, called the <u>e/I of Spa<iv, containing fufficient quantity of fulphate of magnefia, to render it highly purgative. John Strachan, Efq. of Craigcrool; in this pariih, about the year 1720, mortified his eftate, of above 3ool./- annum, to certain managers, to be ap,

CR A
The plan was invmediately adopted, and the abundance of fallacious wealth which poured into the kingdom, promifed to have exalted that nation to the higheft pitch of profperity. The event is well
North America.

known

that fcheme proved to France (what the South Sea Company afterwards was to Britain) only a bubble* threatening to involve the whole nation in the fame general ruin. Law ended his chequefed life, about the year 1729, fomewhere in Italy, in a ftate of almoft extreme indigence, after having aftoniihed all Europe with
;

his abilities, his projects, his fuccefs* and his ruin. Population of Cramond

plied
ties

by them in relieving the neceffi- pariih, including the village of Nether of " poor old men, women, and Cramond, as returned to Sir John orphans." The pariih of Cramond Sinclair, 1112. Cramond (Nether); a village has given birth to feveral men, who have become eminent by their talents, in the pariih of the fame name. It is or their virtues. Of thefe may be fituated on the river Amond, where it mentioned, ift, John, fecond Lord difcharges itfelf into theFrith of Forth; Balmerinoch, noted for his fpirited it contains upwards of 340 inhabitants* oppefition to Charles I. and for being who are moirly employed in the iron the beft friend of the Covenanters, works carried on in the neighbourhaving fpent the greateft part of his fortune in fupport of that caufe ; ad, Sir Thomas Hope of Grantown, a celebrated lawyer at the Scottifh bar ; 3d, Sir George M'Kenzie, ill Earl of Cromarty, well known for his voluminous productions ; and, 4th, Doctor Cleghorn, profeilbr of anatomy in the univerfity of Dublin, who may be confidered as the founder of the fchool of medicine in that univerfity. To thefe we may add John Law of Laurifton, one of the molt remarkable characters this or any other country has ever produced. He was born at Laurifton about the year 1670; and ihortly after, difgufted with fome neglect which he received at court, went over to France, where he nearly completed the ruin of that monarchy by his financial speculations. After being raifed to the high rank of comptrollergeneral of the finances of France, he obtained liberty to erecl: a national bank, which was attended with the moft beneficial effect. Afterwards, he began gradually to develope the fcheme, which he had long before digested, called the Mijifflppifyjlem. This was the eitabliihment of an American of weftern trading company, the object of which was the planting and cultivation of the French colonies of

hood. The Amond is navigable for fmall veffels nearly a quarter of a mile from the Forth, forming a fafe and commodious harbour; (fpecified in the records of the Exchequer as a creek belonging to the port of Leith.)

To this

harbour belong

8 or 10 floops,

employed by the Cramond Iron-work Company. Cramond lies about 3 miles N. W. of Edinburgh.
a fmall parifli fituated in the midft of the Lammer-

CRANSHAWS;
hills, in

muir

the county of Berwick.

The

furface confifts moftly of high hills covered with heath and bent, and therefore better adapted for pasture than for tillage. Every farm, however, poiTeffes a considerable portion of arable land, which is generally cultivated and fown with turnip, for the fupport of the fheep during the feverity of winter. Lime has been of the greateft fervice in meliorating the
foil.

The

rivers Whittadd'er

and Dye

water this parifh, and abound with trout. The general appearance is naked and bleak, having few trees of* any kind to fhelter the foil from the ftorms, to which, from its elevated filiation, it is much expofed. Cranfhaws-caftle, the property of Charles Watfon, Efq. of Saughton, is a ftrong
ancient building, of ftnall extent, but-

RA
Cairngorm.
ly the

CR A
The higheft in this parifb are called Loch-na-garaidh, Binn-nabalrd, and Binn-na-muick-duidh. Nearwhole of Crathy and Braemarr has been originally covered with wood, which belonged
to- the king, and was called the foreft of Marr. This foreft, with thofe of the Duke of Athol,

very entire. That edifice; the ftill ruins of many others of the fame nature in the neighbourhood, and the remains of feveral encampments, fhew this country to have been the fcene of much bJoodfhed during the border wars. Population in 1 79 1, i 64. a parifli in. the county of Edinburgh, extending about 5 miles in length, and 3 in breadth. The furface is unequal, but the gentle dwellings of the hills, adorned with

CRANSTON;

and Mr. Farquharfon ofTnvercauld,, and the Duke of Gordou in B-adenoch and Glenaven, conftiin Perthfhire,

fine feats
lent,

and extenfive plantations, are Caledonian

extremely beautiful.

The

foil is

excel-

and the whole

ftaple

parifli is arable.
is

The

commodity

corn,

of

which a confiderable quantity is exported. Freeftone, limeftone, and pitand the coal abound, in the parifli abundance of the laft article induced the proprietors to ereit works, on the
;

ingenious plan of the Earl of Dundonald, for the extraction of pitch, tar, naphtha, and volatile fait, from pit-coal. There are 3 neat villages in the parifli, viz. Cranfton, Coulland,

and Prefton. Near Coufland are fome

river

ruins, faid to be of a nunnery. Tyne, as yet a livulet,

The
runs

parifli. The elegant ft ructures of Oxenford-caftlc and Preftonhall, the piclurefque banks of the rivulet, and the luxuriant crops which adorn the fields, prefent to the eye, perhaps as rich a landfeape as the molt fertile ipot of England could

through the

produce.

Population

in 179,-5, 839-.

CRATHY & BRAEMARR.

Thefe

extenfive united parilhes are fituated in that diftrict of Aberdeenfhire called Man; in the very middle of the Grampian mountains they are fuppofed to be more elevated above the level of the fea, and farther removed in every direction from, the coaft, than any other parochial diftrict in Scotland. The length of the inhabitated part is about 30 miles, and the breadth varies from 6 to 10; but, taking in the mountains and wane diftrict, the whole will cover an extent of 40 miles in length, and 20 in breadth. They are diftant upwards of 50 miles from the county town. In the low grounds (the foil is various, but when* properly cultivated, and in a favourable feafon, it produces good crops. By far the greater part is covered with mountains, fome of which are the higheft in Scotland,
;,

with the exception of Bemvis

and

tuted the principal part of the great' foreft. In the deepeft moffes, within, this immenfe range of extenfive forefts, there are found largelogs and roots of trees, which afford, incontrovertible proof that they have formerly been overrun with timber. Ira Braemarr, a great part of the wood ftill remains, on the eftates of the Earl of Fife and Mr. Farquharfon of Invercauld, which are well ftocked with deer. Befides the natural wood, there are extenfive plantations of fir and larix, of t^ie former of which Mr. Farquharfon alone has planted upwardsof 14 millions of trees. The Dee river takes its rife in the foreft of Braemarr,. and running through the whole extent of the diftrict, is augmented with feveral tributary ftreams ; in particular, the Gealluidb, Luidh, Coich, and Cluanaidh. The principal lakes are Loch Callader and Loch Brotachan, which contain trout, a few falmon,. and fome eel. The great military road from Blairgowrie to Fort-George pafies through the whole extent; the village of Caftletown of Braemarr is fituated on that line of road. Near this village are the ruins of an old caftle, faid to have been a huntingfeat of King Malcom Canmore. It is fituated on a high bank, on the E. fide of the water of Cluanaidh. At a fhort diftance is the caftle of Braemarr, a feat of a branch of the Farquharfons of Invercauld it was once occupied as a garrifon by King William, and was burnt in the conteft which took place between the royal forces and the Earl of Marr. Near the line of the military road is a large cairn, called cairn-na* cuimhne, or cairn of remembrance ; a name ftill ufed as a watchword in the country. The mountains above mentioned abound with emeralds, topazes, and amethyfts, fimilar to the precious, ftones of the Cairngorm : granite of & fine polifli alfo abounds, and there are
;

C
of fine ilate.

RA

Snexhauftible quarriesof limeftone, and of arable land in the valleys between The united parilhes of the hills. Round Gilkerfcleugh and Crathy and Braemarr contained in Glefpine, two gentlemens feats, arc fome thriving plantations ; and feveral 179.? about 1024 inhabitants. a village and parifh improvements are .carrying on which in the county of Lanark; The village do great credit to the proprietors. On is of considerable antiquity, confiding Glendorch eftat e, the property of the of freedoms granted to the fetters by Earl of Hopetoun, there is a valuable the neighbouring proprietors. Each' lead mine. This mineral has alfo been freedom conhfts of 6 acres of >croft found on the Gilkerfcleugh eftate, on land, and the privilege of feeding a which property there are alfo an excertain number of horfes, .cows, or cellent limeftone quarry, abundance of fheep, on the hill or common. It is white freeftone and coal ; on othergoverned by a birlty court, in which parts of the pariih are the marks of each freeman has a liberty to vote. former mines, which report fays were There is a great want of induftry in wrought in fearch of gold, and that a the village, and agriculture is little conliderable quantity of that precious attended to through the parifh. The metal was found here. There are the extent of the pariih is in length about veftiges of an .extenfive encampment, 18, and in breadth about 15 miles ; it and the ruins .of two ancient caftles. is bounded en the 3. bj that ridge of Afmallriver, named De?neatoncivater f hills which divides it from Tweedstakes its rife at the head of the parifh, muir, and from which the Tweed, the and runs through the whole extent. Clyde, and the Annan, the 3 principal Population in 1791, 590. .rivers in the fouth of Scotland, take ; a pariih fituated partly in their rife. The hill of Lauders is the county of Nairn, and partly in chiefly in this parifh, of which the that of Invernefs ; the extreme length elevation, above the level of the fea, is is about 16 miles, but it is fo interfectfeet. The greafceft part of the ed with other parifhes, that its extent ,3 150 pariih confifts of hiils and muirs; fome in breadth cannot be exactly afcertainare fit for pallure, but many are bleak, ed. The river Nairn runs through and fcarcely exhibit marks of vegeta- the parifh for 8 -miles, on which is a tion. In the valleys the foil is general- tolerably productive falmon fifhing. ly light and fpongy, but in fome The banks of the river are well cultiplaces there is .clay ; the iituation vated, and, .where they do not admit and climate, however, even of the of cultivation, covered with wood, belt grounds is adverfe to agriculture. natural or planted, which, with the Mineralogifts would find great 'field feats of Kilravock, Holme, and Canfor refearch in the grounds. Lead- tray, forms a feene of true rural amehills aie in this pariih, the moft exten- nity and beauty ; the remainder is iniive mints in the kingdom; (vide differently cultivated, and has a bleak Leadhills.) During the minority of and naked appearance. The proprieJames VI. a German was fent by tors of the parifh, and Mr. Davidfon Queen Elifabeth to examine the lands of Caniray in particular, have done of the rivers Elvan and Glengonar, much towards improving their lands, and, it is faid, that he gathered acon- and introducing a regular fyftem of fiderable quantity of gold duft. The agriculture. Population in 1793, 15 52. Earl of Hopetoun has in his poffefiioK Cr.ee ; a river which takes its rife a mafs of lead ore weighing 5 tons, in the northern parts of the county of and a piece of native gold found here Wigton, and the ftewartry of Kirkof 2 ounces. The Daire, the Clyde, cudbright. It is for feveral miles very the Elvan, and Glengonar, are the ri- fmall, and runs through a bleak and vers of the pariih. Population in dreary .country, but is foon confiderably increafed by tributary ftreams; 5792 (including Leadhills), 149.3. a parifh in it now changes its appearance, and Lanarkfhire, is of an oblong figure, inftead of rocks and muirs, it holds extending 15 miles in length, the its courfe nearly S. through a beautiful greateft breadth being about 6. The valley, till it empties itfelf into Wigton general appearance is hilly, adapted bay ; it forms the boundary betwixt ipr iheep pafture, with a few patches the counties of Wigton and Kirkcud-r

CRAWFORD;

CRAY

CRAWFORD-JOHN,

CR1
bright ; it abounds with fahnon, and is navigable to large veflels for feveral
miles.

CRI
the ground,
las;
it

by William Earl of Dougwas afterwards rebuilt, and

CREETOWN, or of CREE ; a village in the pariih of Kirkcudbright; is beautifully fituated near the mouth of the i-iver Cree, where it falls into Wigton bay. The ground is not level and equal, but uneven ; and the houfes are fet down without plan, and without arrangement, juft as the feuer was inclined. It is fupported by a good coafting trade, and a few veffels belong to the place ; it has good anchorage a fmall diftahce from the town, where veflels of 500 tons are faid to lie in.fafety it was lately erected into a burgh of barony by the intereft of the proprietor and fuperior, John M'Culloch, Efq. of Earholm, whofe elegant feat is in the neighbourhood ; it contains upwards of 400 inhabitants. CRICHTON a village and parifh in the county of Edinburgh. The village is fituated 14 miles S. of the metropolis, on the middle road to
;'

FERRYTOWN

London by
place,

Cornhill

it is

a thriving

and contains, with the adjoining village of Pathhead, 450 inha-

bitants.

The

parifh contains about

3900 acres ? of which two-thirds are well adapted for tillage, and have a rich deep foil, capable of producing heavy crops the remainder is little capable of improvement, it is overgrown with mofs, on a wet foft fand, man camp, with two lines of circumor clay bottom the pafture is fcanty vallation there is another of the fame and bad, and furnifhes little fhelter kind on a higher hill, W, of the former; for fheep the proprietors have lately both are about a mile diftant from the begun planting, and the trees feem to Tay. Not far from the church is a thrive well on this heretofore barren caftle, which belonged to Cardinal fpot. There is 3 limeftone quarry Beaton, where, it is faid, his eminence wrought to a confiderable extent, kept a country feraglio It has been nearly 4000 bolls being annually fold. ftrongly fortified, but no infeription Coal has been difcovered, but hither- remains to enable us to afcertain the. to no pits have been opened. At Long- date of its erection. Number of infaugh is a circular camp or intrench- habitants in 1793, 306. ment, the <vallum of which is very difCRIECH an extenfive parifh in the
;
:

part of this new work is uncommonly elegant." Population in 17 91, including the village, about 910. Crichup; a fmall rivulet in the parifh of Clofeburn, in Dumfriesfnire, remarkable for its particular courfe. It takes its rife from a mofs, near the N. E. extremity of the parifh, and, not far from its fource, forms a beautiful cafcade, by falling over a precipice nearly 90 feet in height. Half a mile below this, the water has, in the, courfe of ages, hollowed out for itfelf a ftrait paffage through a hill of red freeftone, forming a very romantic linn. This linn, from top to bottom, is about feet, and, though 20 feet deep, is fo clofe at top, that one might eafily leap acrofs it, if his imagination could be abftracted from the tremendous abyfs below, and the noife of the falling water, increafed by the echoes from the furrounding rocks. Six miles below, the Crichup joins its waters to the Nith. CRIECH ; a parifh of the county of Fife, in length extending about 3, and in breadth about 2. miles. The furfacc is nearly level, and the foil fandy and thin ; but agriculture is making rapid ftrides to improvement* Eimeftone is plenty, at the diftance of 10 miles. On a little eminence, near the church, are the veftiges of a Nor-

no

Crichton is a very ancient and magnificent building. Pen" nant fays, it was once the habitation of Chancellor Crichton, joint guardian with the Earl of Callander to King James II. a powerful and fpirited itatefman in that turbulent age, and the advifer of the bold, but bloody deeds, againft the too potent Douglas. "During the life of Crichton, this caftle ?,vas belieged, taken, and levelled to
tinct. caftle of

The

county of Sutherland; it extends from, Dornoch on the E. coaft to Affint on the W. coaft, at leaft 40 meafured
miles; the length of the inhabited part of the diftrict is reckoned about 24 miles; the breadth is unequal, varying from 2 to 10 miles. It lies on the N. of the Frith or Kyle of Tain, and the river Ockel. About one-thirtieth part of the diftricT is cultivated, the reft

being

hilly,

and covered with muiry

CRI
ground
;

CRI
;

and CRIEFF a fmall town and parifli, where there about 18 miles W. of Perth, in the fame county. The town is built on is a deep loam. There are fome meadows on the banks of the Frith, and a rifing ground near the foot of the the rivulets which run into it. The Grampians it has a fine fouthern exfeafons are generally early, and the pofure, and a delightful profpect of crops heavy. The two rivers Shin and hills, woods, valleys, and rivers, to the Crieff is nearly the fecond town Cajsly run through the parifh, which W. in Perthfhire, and is much reforted to is alio watered on the S. by the Ockel. There are alfo feveral lakes abounding in the fummer months for its healthy with trout, of which the largeft are lituation. It has a tolbooth, with a called Loch Migdol, and Loch Elft. decent fpire, containing the % town A ridge of hills runs parallel to the clock, and a good bell it has alfo a Frith, the higheft of which, in the large andelegantaffembly-room, which weftern extremity, is called Bein-morc is fometimes honoured with the preThere is a great deal of na- fence of the nobility and gentry of AJJint. tural wood, principally of oak and Perthfhire. Although it has no reguthe arable
foil is light

thin, except at the E. end,

birch ; there are alio feveral thriving plantations of fir. The great quantity

of mofs with which this diftrict abounds, furnifh plenty of fuel ; many large fir trees are dug up in cutting vaft number of fheep the peats. and black cattle are reared on the wafte lands. Near the church is an obelifk 8 feet long, and 4 broad, faid to have been erected in memory of a Danifh chief, who was interred here. On the top of the Dun of Criech is a fortification, which is faid to have been erected about the beginning of the 12th century by an anceftor of the Earl of Rofs. Exteniive machinery for fpinning cotton was about 20 years ago eftablifhed by a company, at the head of which was George Dempfter, Efq. of Dunnichen. That patriotic gentleman having purchafed a large eftate, Skibo, in this parifh, and having the management of another eftate, Pulrojfie, acquired by his brother Captain Dempfter, laboured with the moft indefatigable exertions towards the improvement of the country, and the benefit of the inhabitants. An attempt to defcribe the plan, and enumerate the means he adopted in carrying this plan into execution, would far extend our limits ; fufficeitto fay, that by his exertions a company for fpinning cotton was eftablifhed in that remote country, and his benevolent intentions have been attended with the greateft fuccefs. Subjoined to the Statiftical Account of Criech., Mr. Dempfter has communicated his ideas on the fubject of Highland improvements, and the means which were adopted on his eftate in the parifh of Criech. Population in 1791, 1730.

government, the different trades have erected themfelves into corporations, for the fupport of decayed memlar

bers and widows. The chief manufacture carried on is making that kind of thin linen caWz&ftlefias ; and 2 paper mills have been lately erected. As Crieff is on the line of the great military road, it is much frequented by travellers and drovers. The parifh is naturally divided into Highland and Lowland, of which the latter divilion
is

completely furrounded by

rivers.

the Maderty, the Torot, and Earn, all abound with trout and falmon. The Highland divilion abounds with all forts of game, and the river Almond which runs through it, contains trout. The foil is moitly light and gravelly ; in the vicinity to the town it is loam. The parilh is well cultivated, and the gieateft part enclofed. There is a good bridge over the Earn at the town ; at the other end of which a thriving village, Bridgend, has been lately built. There are no feats or antiquities cleferving notice. Population of the town in 1793, 2071 in the whole parifh, 2640. Criffel, or Crawfel; a ridge of mountains in the county of Dumfries, the higheft of which, Douglas Cairn, is elevated 1900 feet above the level of the fea. The foil on its fides affords rich pafture for the numerous flocks of iheep which are fed upon it. a parifh in the diftrict of Buchan, in Aberdeenfhire. It lies upon the coaft, nearly at an equal diftance from the towns of Frazerburgh and Peterhead. The figure is triangular, the bafe being nearly 3 miles, and the height of the triangle about

The Pow,

CRIMOND

GRO
contains 4600 acres, of which ,5.000 are arable ; the remainder is occupied by mollis, links, and the lake of Stratbbrg. About a quarter of a znile from high water mark, there is a fteep hill along the more, almoft perpendicular, and nearly 200 feet in freight. From the fummit of this ridge the ground gradually defcends into a low flat valley, at the bottom of which is the lake of Strathhcg. The land next the ihore has a light fandy foil towards the N. W. corner it is a light loam ; but by far the greater part is a cold damp molly foil, on a clay bottom r green crops and fallow are feldom pi actifed, and the fields are often completely ruined by over-cropping. Here we may alfo itate the fliortnefs of the leafes as the chief bar to improvement.. Rattray-bead, onthiscoaft, Is a promontory very dangerous to vefJfels. Near the E. end of the lake of Strathbeg is a fmall hill, called the ilqftle hill, where Cumine Earl of Buchan had a cattle. About a quarter f a mile S- of this hillock, formerly flood the burgh of Rattray, faid to have had all the privileges of a royal Borough, except fending members to parliament. Population in 1792, 917. of the dif; a divifion fe-icl of Marr, in Aberdeenihire. Vide
5-*;

CRO
ter

it

to the country. Cromarty has much to gain in agricultural improvements. On the eftate of Mr.* Rofs, indeed, many enclofures have been

made, but thefe are fcarcely to be feen

of the diftrict. The farmers object to the expence of lime as a manure, and are unwilling to allow their lands to lie fallow above one year. Were the new fyftem of hufbandry adopted in this quarter, there is every reafon to expect great returns to the farmer. Cromarty contains only one town, from which the county takes its name, which was formerly a royal borough, and 5 pariihes. The language is generally Gaelic, but many fpeak that broad Scotch, which is commonly called theBuchan or Aberdeenfhire dialect. The farmers are induftrions in their profefiion, but uninformed in matters of fcience, exceedingly tenacious of their old prejudices in agriculture, and averfe to adopt new practices. Freeftone, granite, and reddifh-coloured porphyry, are almoft the only minerals, if we except topazes, fimilar to thole of Cairngorm, found in the pariih of Kincardine. Fifheries are very fucceisfully carried on, and pearls of considerable value are fome times found in the Frith of Cromarty, where the river Coiial falls into that bay. The valued rent of Cromarty is 12897I. -Scots, and the real land rent may be eftimated at 700I. fterling. Population in 1791, 5284. a town and parifh ; in the county of the fame name. The
in other parts

CROMAR

CROMARTY (COUNTY of).

This fmall comity is a fort of peninsula, walhed on three fides by the Friths of Cromarty and Moray, and bounded on the S. W. and -S. by the county of Rofs. Its extreme extent In length is about 16 miles, and on an average about 6| or 7 in breadth. It was erected into a diftincl county about the end of the 17th century, at the requeft of Sir James M'Kenzie,
Earl of Cromarty, to

CROMARTY

town is fmall, and fituated upon a rock or point of the land, which overhangs the fea in a romantic manner, and much expofed to the E. wind ; it was formerly a royal borough, but was disfranchifed by an act of the

privy council of Scotland, in confequence of a petition for that purpofe prefented by Sir John Urquhart, proprietor of the eftate of Cromarty ; it is now under the baronial jurifdiction of the Earl of Cromarty. The parifli extends about 7 miles in length, and from 1 to 4 in breadth, bounded by the Frith of Cromarty on the N. On the banks of the Frith the furface is are moftly covered with heath, but level, and covered with verdure. towards the fhores the foils are light bank about two miles from the coaft, great many plantations extends the whole length of the pariih, and early. have been lately made out, which will above which the ground is covered The foil is ihortly be a geat ornament and fhel- with heath and mofs.
it

whom

almoft

entirely belonged. great part of it now belongs to the Anderfons of Udal, and the family of Rofs of Cromarty. The face of the country is pleafant ; a long ridge of hills extending the whole length in the middle of the county, having a fine declivity on either fide towards the fiiores of the Friths. The higher grounds

CRO

CRO
;

CROMDALE a parifh which is every where wet and muirifh, which makes the feafons late, and the crop nearly equally fituated in the counties uncertain. The coaft towards the E. of Invernefs and Moray, its extent i* is bold and rocky, fome of the cliffs considerable, being rally 20 miles in being nearly 250 feet perpendicular length, and in fome places the breadth or 12 miles. The to the fea ; the reft is flat and fandy. is no lefs than After every ftorm a great quantity of foil is in general dry and thin, with fea weed is thrown afhore, which is the exception of the flat grounds or partly ufed as a manure, and partly haughs clofe by the river Spey, which, burnt into kelp, of which there is an- in point of fertility, are equal to any nually made about 10 or 12 tons. in the neighbourhood. An hundredth The harbour of Cromarty, inferior, part of the lands of Cromdale is not perhaps, to none in Britain for fafety, arable, or even green, fo as to render and a. commodious quay, was lately it good pafturage for black cattle or built at the joint expence of govern- horfes; the hills and level grounds are ment and the proprietor of the eftate covered with black heath, which, of Cromarty, where veflels of 350 or though formerly thought barren and 400 tons may lie in perfect fecurity; unproductive, are now rendered one (vide Cromarty Frith). A conh- of the greateft fources of national derable trade in the hempen or fack- wealth, by the flocks of fheep which cloth line has been long eftablifhed in every where are fpread over the counThe plantations of fir, which Cromarty and the neighbourhood. A try. large rocky cavern, called M'Farquhar's are numerous and thriving, will foorn bed, and a cave, which contains a pe- be a great ihelter and ornament to the Sir James Grant of Grant trifying well, called the Dripping well, country. are great natural curiofities; and the is fole proprietor of the parifh ; and hill of Cromarty is vihted by travel- Cajtle-Grant, the feat of his family, is lers of the firft rank and tafte, who within its bounds. Here is alio fituated never fail to ipeak of its beauties with Granto-zun, a village eiedted about 30 admiration, as exceeding any thing years ago, under the influence of the they had ever feen for the grandeur Grant family, containing nearly 400 and extent of profpect. Population in inhabitants. There is a fortali.v a! 1791, in the town, 1457 ; in the Lochindorb, where a thick wall of mafon-work, 20 feet high, furrounds country, 727 ; total, 2184. Cromarty Frith, called by Bu- an acre of land within the loch, with channan the Portia Salutis ; is one ftrong watch-towers at every corner ; of the fineft bays in Great Britain. the entrance is by a magnificent gate It is divided from the Moray Frith of hewn freeftone and the foundaby the county of Cromarty, and wafhes tions of houfes are to be diftinotly the fouthern more of the county of traced within the walls. The low Rofs. It is about 16 miles in length, grounds on the banks of the Spey and fometimes 3 in breadth. The have been rendered famous by a long entrance is between a promontories or {the Haughs of Cromdale) compofedii!

headlands, called the Sutors of Cromarty, which are about a mile and a half diftant : there is the fmeft anchorage ground after paffing the Sutors, for feveral miles up the bay, with deep water on both fides, almoft cloie to the Ihore, where in moil places the coaft is fo fmooth, that fuppofing a veffel to part her cables ( a thing fcarcely probable)-, fhe without iuftaining
is

in the year 1690,

confequence of a battle fought there betwixt the adherents of King William under the command of Colonel Livingftone, and the fupporters of the houfe of Stuart commanded by Lord Vifcount Dundee, in which the latter were completely
defeated. The number of inhabitants may be ftated at about 3000. CROSS ; a parifh in the ifhmd of

might run aground much damage. Such Sanday, county of Orkney.

Vide

the extent of fea room in the bay, and fuch is the capacity, that almoft the whole Britiih navy might lie here in fafety. ferry boat is eftablifhed acrofs the bay from the Rofs to the

Sanday.

CROSSFORD & CROSS GATES;

two
Fife,

fmall villages in the county of fituated oa the great turnpike

road which runs E. and

the

W.

througii

Cromarty

fide.

town

of

Duafenidk^

CRU
CROSSMICHAEL
;

CRU
a pariih in the

lofty furnmit; before a ftorm " the ftewartry of Kirdcudbright. It is of fpirit of the mountain ihrieks," and a rectangular form, extending in length its head and fides are enveloped with about 5, and in breadth about 4 miles. clouds. It is moftly compofed of redIt is bounded on the E. by the river dim porphyry, but near the bottom by the river Dee. is found argillaceous J'chijlus, inter-, Urr, and on the .From thefe rivers the ground rifes into fected with veins of quartz and lapis a ridge which is beautifully diverfified ollaris. The porphyry feems to conwith gentle eminences, entirely arable. fift of a kind of trapp of a dirty red Towards the northern border there is colour, with flefh-coloured cryftals of a fmall part covered with heath. The feldt-fpar, fome cryftals of b\a.ck/cheorl, foil is various, as loam, clay, till, fand, and a very few of greeniih-coloured and alongthe rivers exteniive meadows mica. On the top of the mountain the or holms. There are z lakes in the pa- fea-pink grows luxuriantly, and fea

W.

riih, abounding with excellent pike fliells have been found on the very and perch. The Urr has a fmall har- fummit. bour,, which admits vefiels of fmall Cruach Lussa, or Cruach Luburden. By a canal lately cut from SACH, " the mountain of plants ;" a Carlinwark loch, which joins the Dee mountain in the diftricl: of Knapdale,

at this pariih, marl is furnifhed at a cheap rate to the farmers in this diftricl:. The fh allows at the mouth of the

in Argyllfhire. The height has never been exactly meafured, but it is thought to exceed 3000 feet above the level of

Dee prevent

veffels

coming

fo far up,
it

the fea.

a parifli fituated in ; navigable for near 15 miles. There that diftricl: of Aberdeenfhire, called are two ferries over the rivers in this Buchan. It is a regular compact field, pariih, and the great military road extending about 8 or 9 miles along the to Port Patrick paffes through it. Britilh ocean towards the S. and about Like the reft of Galloway, confiderable 7 or 8 miles inland towards the W. attention is paid to the rearing of The foil is various; a large portion of cattle. There are feveral Pictifh monu- it is a deep rich clay, the reft is light ments of antiquity, and the remains of and gravelly ; but, except the moffes, ancient fortifications. Population in and a few banks, all of it could eafily be made arable. An immenfe quantity 1792, 772. CRUACHAN, OrCRUACHAN Beinn ; of peat mofs extends along the N. a lofty mountain, lituated at the head boundary. There are 4 fifhing villages of Loch Aixie, in Argyllshire. The in the parifh, at one of which, Ward, perpendicular height, as meafured by it is very probable a tolerable harbour Colonel Watfon, is 3390 feet above might be made out. Hufbandry is the level of the fea, and the circum- only in its infancy, and few farms in ference at the bafe exceeds 20 miles. the parifli are in good order. Thread It is very fteep towards the N. E. and manufactories are carried on to a great Hopes gently down on the S^tnrt-rifes extent. Slams-cajlle, the feat of the with an abrupt afcent near the furn- Earl of Errol, is in this pariih. The mit, which is divided into two points, Bullers of Buchan, and other ftupeneach refembling a fugar loaf. It was dous rocks and precipices, are much the north point which was meafured admired for the awful grandeur they Dunbuy, a fmall infulated by Col. Watfon, the fouthern one be- exhibit. ing 30 feet lower. The fides of the rock near the Bullers, is frequented by mountain are covered with natural innumerable fea-fowls. There are alfo woods of birch, alder, oak, and fir, feveral very extenfive caves in the which abound with roes and red deer. neighbourhood. About a mile W. of On the fummitof this mountain is the the church are the remains of a druidfatal fpring, from which, according to ical temple. In this pariih was fought, a tradition of the country, attributed in the beginning of the nth century, to Offian, iffued Loch Awe, the beau- the famous battle between Malcolm tiful expanfe of water below; (vide II. and Canute, fon of Sueno, afterDr. Smith's tranflation of " Bera" of wards king of England, Denmark, and Cruachan is the weather part of Sweden. In this engagement Ofiian.) gage of the people within view of its the Danes were totally defeated, and

but a fmall expence might render

CRUDEN

C
the
field

UL
name
it

CUL
now
kinds. QuUen-houfe, the chief refuiencf of the Earl of Findlater and Seafieldj is founded on a rock, about 50 feet perpendicular above the burn of Cullen, over which there is an excellent
Stone bridge of one arch, 84 feet wide, and 64 feet high, making an eafy com-

received the

bears, from cruor Danorum, the blood of the Danes. Population 1111792,2028. a royal borough in the county of Banff, ft was formerly a

CULLEN;

ConftabularjTj of which the Earl of Findlater was hereditary conftable, and at that time was known by the name of Inyerculan, from its iituation at the mouth of the burn of Culan or Cullen, which at the N. end of the town falls into the fea. The Earl of Findlater is hereditary $r,efes or proved, and the government of the town is veiled under him in 3 bailies, a treafurer, dean of guild, and 13 counfellors : with a fmall exception, Lord Findlater is proprietor of the whole town. Thehoufesare in general mean and ill built, and theftreets have an irregular and dirty appearance. Notwithstanding its Situation on the fea coaft, no yeffels carr-rvienture to take in or deliver a cargo for want of a harbour, which a few hundred pounds would erect, and render tolerablyfecure. The want of water is alfo a great difadvantage to the place, there being only one good fpring in the whole pariih. There is a considerable manufacture of linen and o.amajk, eftabliihed about 50 years ago by the exertions of the Earl of

munication with the parks and woods, where the ground admits of endlefs beauty and variety. The Iituation of the houfe is romantically pleafant, having a beautiful profpect towards the S. and a fine view of the Moray Frith to the N. Cullen is furrcunded with moll extenfive plantations, laid out about 25 years ago by Lord Findlater ; there being no fewer than 8coo
Scots acres of wafte ground now covered with trees, the number cf which, if we allow 4000 plants, the ufual proportion to a Scots acre, will amount to no fewer than 3a, 000,000 of trees. Near the town of Cullen is the foundation of an ancient caftle, on a fmall eminence, called the Caflle-hiU, overhanging the lea ; and the ruins of a houfe are ftill Shewn, where, it is faid,
Elifabeth,

Queen of King Robert Bruce

died.

There are two hilling vil1 indlater. lages in the neighbourhood, viz. Cullen and Poriknockies, which employ about 14 or 15 boats. By thefe the town and country around are amply fupplied with rifh ; and, befides what is fold daily, the fifhers cure and dry a confiderable quantity of cod, fkate,
ling,

and haddocks, which they carry open boats to Montrofe, Arbroath, face, while the reft of the muir is coDundee, and Leith. The parifh of vered with heath. The country people Cullen extends about 4 miles in length often find bullets and pieces of arfrom the fea, fouthward, and 3 miles mour, which are anxioufly fought
in

in 1791, 1718. a muir fituated about 3 miles E. of Inverness, memorable for the total defeat of the rebel army on the 16th April, 1746, by the King's troops under the Duke of Cumberland, which put an end to the attempts of the Stewart family to regain the Britifh throne. Strangers often vifit this field, though there is little to be feen on it, except the graves of thofe who fell in the action, which are difcerned by the green fur-

Population

Culloden;

The fields in general have after by the viriuofi. as curiofities, gentle flope towards the N. and E, and preierved as relics. only one eminence, the Bin-bill'of Cul; a royal borough in the len, deferving the name of mountain. county of Perth, fituated on the N. The foil is generally of a rich deep fhore of the Frith of Forth. Its charloam, but fome fields are of a Strong ter was received from James VI. in the clay, and near the fhore fand, mix- year 1588, and it ftill retains all its ed with gravel. The farms are in ge- privileges ; it formerly carried on a neral fmall, cnclofed, and well culti- very confiderable trade in fait and vated. The Bin-hill lies about a mile coal, but this has decayed of late ; it S. of the town of Cullen ; about enjoys the advantage of a very fafe 2 miles from the fea, from the level of harbour, but, on account of fome which it is elevated to the height of funk rocks at the entrance, it does
in breadth.

CULROSS

W.

1050 feet ; it was lately planted to the very fummit with trees of various

not admit

fliips

of burden

fpring

tides rife to the height of 15 or 16

CUL
feet.

CUL
Ciltertian order. There are alio the veftiges of two Daniih camps. Culrofs is diftarit about 23 miles N. of Edinburgh. Population in 1792, 1442.

The town

is

built

on the abrupt monks of the

afcent from the water, one ftreet running direct N. while the other interfecl it at right angles. This fituation gives it, efnecially on the approach from the harbour., a very picturefque and

W.

CULSALMOND

a parifh of the

grand appearance. There is no ma- county of Aberdeen, the extent of nufacture of any note at prefent carried which is about 3'! miles in length, and. on, but there was formerly a fpecies 3 in breadth. The furface is level,, of manufacture peculiar to the place ; with the exception of 2 fmall hills, athis was the making of girdles, a bout the middle of the pariib. The kitchen utenfil well known in Scotland foil is deep and fertile, efpecially on for baking unleavened bread. By the banks of the Urie, the only river two royal grants from James IV. and in the parifh. Several very thriving Charles II. the inhabitants of Culrofs plantations have been lately made out poffeffed the exclufive privilege of by the different proprietors, and a gethis manufacture, which is now fup- neral inclination for improvement in planted by the caft iron girdles made agriculture begins to ihew itfelf. The at Carron ; and to this circumftance only fuel is peat and turf, of which we may in a great meafure attribute there is great abundance. The 2 emithe decline of the place. About 15 nences mentioned above are covered years ago, Lord Dundonald erected with heath, and abound with a very very extenfive works for the extraction fine blue flate, which is much ufed in of tar, naphtha, and volatile fait, from this and the neighbouring parifh es. pit-coal, but at a very confiderable Newton-hcufe, the feat of Col. M'lnexpence to his Lordmip it was found tofh, is the only edifice of note in the to be an unproductive concern, and pariib. Population in 1792, 618. CULTER ; a parifh in the county given up. Above the town ftands the abbey of Culrofs, a princely edifice, cf Lanark, is about 8 miles in length, and on an average 4 in breadth. On the belonging to the Earl of Dundonald it was built about the year 1590, by banks of the Clyde, a fine fertile plain
.

adjacent to it^is the old church, which ferved as chapel to the monafrery. Valleyfield, a feat of Sir Charles Preiton, is an elegant building. The parifh forms nearly a fquare pf 4 miles : the furface is level, if we except the abrupt afcent from the more. The northern part of the parifh is occupied by an extenfive muir or marfh, incapable of any other improvement than planting but towards the S. the fork-is. good, and a regular fyftem of agriculture is practifed. About 4 miles above Culrofs, at Kincardine, large quantities of fifh are taken by a contrivance called cruives, cf which there are about 180 ; and the value of fifh caught often amounts to ioool. per annum. Coal, freeftone of excellent quality, ironftone, and other ores of iron, abound in the parifh. Under the head of antiquities, we may mention, that the monaftery which gives name to the leat of the Earl of Dundonald, was built by Malcolm Thane of Fife, in the year 1217, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and St. Serf or Servanus. It was occupied by the abbot, and 9
Kinlofs
:

Edward Lord

extends for
hills,

miles to the foot of the

which occupy the fouthern part of the parifh, having a rich loamy foil, well enclofed and cultivated. From this plain towards the S. the ground
high mountains, the loftieft of which, Culterfell, is elevated 1700 feet above the level of the fea this hilly diftrict is partly covered with a rich verdure, well adapted for fheep pafture, and partly occupied by a foreft of natural wood. The whole appearance of the parifh is beautiful, being covered with thriving plantarifes into
:

tions and ornamented farms. Culter water, a fmall clear rivulet, falls into the Clyde after paffing through it. There are the remains of feveral cir-

cular encampments, and an artificial mound of earth on the banks of the Clyde. Ironftone of excellent quality abounds, and moft of the fprings are impregnated with that mineral. Population in 1791, 326. Culter; a rivulet in Aberdeenfhire, which takes its rife from a lake in the parifh of Skene, and after receiving feveral fmaller burns, falls into the Dee near the church of Peterculter,

UM

CUM
ing general. Freeftone is abundant, and limeftone of excellent quality is found in an inexhauftible quarry near the center of the parifh : the great drawback is the want of coal for burning it, peat notanfweringthepurpofe. The military road through Dumfriesfhire interfects the parifh. The caftle of Hoddam is an ancient caftle, ftill in good repair: near it, on a high ground, is a fquare tower, 25 feet high, which is fuppofed to have been a watch tower in the border wa r s. Derides the minerals mentioned above, in a limeftone quarry at /i'ilhead feveral veins of a beautiful dark colour-

CULTS a parifh in the center of the county of Fife, extending in length about z\, and in breadth i T miles. Its general furface is flat, declining frorfl the S. where there are a few
hills.

The

foil

is

light,

and

in

fome

ed marble have appeared, which adand mits of a fine poliih. Shells, entrocbi, parifh in the county, of Dumbarton. petrified vegetables of a whitifh colour, The parifh extends about 7 miles in appear to great advantage on the dark Population in 1792, 1050. length, and 4 in breadth. The fur- ground. CUMNOCK, or OLD CUMNOC K. face has a romantic appearance, being beautifully diveriified with fmall hills The parifn of Old Cumnock, from and fertile dales. The higher! part is which New Cumnock was disjoined called Fannyfide muir, producing no- about the beginning of the prefent thing but heath and furze. On the S. century, is fituated in the county of it is of an oblong figure, about fide are two lochs, about a mile long, Ayr and one fourth of a mile broad the 10 miles in length, and 2 in breadth remainder is moftly arable, with a deep its furface is partly fiat, and partly clay foil, tolerably fertile. There is hilly the foil in general is a deep clay, abundance of coal, though none is but the low grounds are intermixed Avrought at prcfent. Lime and free- with fand and gravel. There are feftone alfo abound. Confiderable re- veral rivulets, all of which fall into the mains of Antoninus' wall are to be Lugar, a ftream which empties itfelf

places (particularly the banks of the Eden) gravelly, but towards the S. The river Eden it is a ftrong day. There are paffes through the parifh. numerousfiveftone and hmert one quarries, of excellent quality ; there is alfo plenty of coal. There are feveral remains of Roman encampments ; and many urns have been dug up, containPopulation in ing human bones. 1790-8, 5:34; in 1802, 699.

CUMBERNAULD

a village

difcovered, nearly in the courfe of which runs the great canal which connects the Clyde and Forth. The village of Cumbernauld is pleafantly fituated in a valley, almoft furr bunded with the policies and pleafui'e grounds of Cumbernauld-houfe, the feat of Loi'd Elphinftone. The new road from Glafgow to Edinburgh paries through the village ; near which is built a large and commodious inn. Population of the parifh in 1791, about 1600. a parifh in the ; county of Dumfries, extending about 4 miles in length, and 3 in breadth. The furface is level, and the foil in general good ; in the center of the pa-

into the river of Ayr, near Barfkimming. The hills exhibit frequent marks of volcanic fire, many of them

CUMMERTREES

being compofed of bafaltic columns, of irregular cryftallizationSeveral fpeciraens of calcareous petrifactions of filh and moffes are found in the bed of the Lugar ; and in a limeftone quarry, belonging to the Earl of Dum fries, is found a fbecies of red corai. The limeftone of this quarry receives a good polifh, and maker, a very pretvein of lead ore ty bluilh marble. alfo runs through it, which was found by a late trial to yield 65 lb. of lead per cnvt. of ore. Freeftone abounds, and a great part of the parifh lies up-

and remarkably on excellent coal. The village of on the banks of the Cumnock is fituated on the banks of Annan, which river bounds it on the the Lugar, and is well adapted for E. There are feveral extenfive flow manufactures, from the vicinity of coal mojfcs in the pariih, utterly incapable and water ; it contains nearly 800 inof improvement ; thefe furnilh excel- habitants, and j::ves title of Baron to lent peat, which is the only fuel. A- the family of Dumfries. Near the griculture is rapidly advancing in im- village are the remains, of a moat or provement, and enclofures are becom- court-field, where anciently the ba.rifli

it

is

excellent,
lies

fertile

it

CUP
ronial courts were held ; it is nearly fiirrourided by the Lugar, and noted

C
from
:

UP
;

to a miles in breadth

it

is

for ry.
tle

its

romantic and p;e"turefque fcene-

In this parifh alio flood the cafof Terraf'zeau.j the manfion of the barony of that name, from which the Countefs of Loudon takes the title of

Baronefs Terranzean. The population of the pariSh of Old Cumnock, as returned to Sir J. Sinclair in 179a,

was

; a parifli in the county of Ayr. Its form is fomewhat of an oblong Square, 12 miles long, and 8 broad. The general appearance is hilly, affording excellent pasture for fheep ; but there are many fpots of arable land, with an excellent clay foil. The river Nith takes its rife in the S. W. end, and runs through the middle of the parifli. Be fides the Nith, there are feveral lakes, which are the fourcesof the rivers Lugar and There are various mines of Afcon. coal and lime? which well Supply the neighbourhood. lead mine was lately opened on the barony of Afton, which employs from 20 to 30 miners. Near the church flood an old caftle, now nearly demolifhed, which for many centuries was the refidence of the Dunbars of Mochrum. Population in 1791, 1200. CUPAR, or of ; a confiderable town and parifli in the valley of Strathmore, and though designated in Angus, by far the greater part is fituated in the county of Perth. The tcwn is fituated on the Ifia, and is divided by a rivulet into two parts ; that part which lies S. of this rivulet being all that belongs to the county of Angus. The Streets are well paved and lighted, and the town has much improved of late years ; there is a town-houfe and fteeple on the fpot where the prifon of the court of re-

CUMNOCK (NEW)

63 %.

divided lengthways by an elevated ridge a confiderable extent of haugh ground lies on the banks of the Ifia, which is frequently Swelled by the rains, and lays nearly 600 acres under water. The foil in general is a clayey loam, but wherever the ground rifes into eminences, a gravelly foil makes its appearance ; the lands are moftly enclofcd with thorn hedges, and agriculture is well attended to. Befides the town of Cupar, there are feveral villages, of which the largeft contains about 100 inhabitants. There are ftill visible at Cupar, the vefliges of a Roman camp, laid to have been formed by the army of Agritqla in his 7th expedition. On the center of this camp, Malcolm IV. in 1104, founded and richly endowed an abbey for Ciflertian monks ; from what remains, it muft have been a houfe of confiderable

magnitude.
cluding the

Population

in 1793, in-

town of Cupar, 2081. CUPAR, or COUPAR of FIFE a royal burgh, and county town of FifeShire; is beautifully Situated on the N.
;

COUPAR

ANGUS

bank of the Eden, nearly in the center of the county ; it boafts of great antiquity ; the Thanes of Fife, from the earlieft times of which any account has been tranfmitted to us, held here their courts of juftice and in the rolls of parliament, aflembled in the beginning of the reign of King David II. may be Seen the names of commissioners from the royal borough of Cupar. It is governed by a provoft, 3 bailies, a dean of guild, and 21 counfellers. The revenue of the town amounts to 430I. Sterling per annum. Cupar has the appearance of a neat, clean, well built, thriving town. The Streets are well paved, and upwards of one third of the town is newly built. The church is a neat new building,
;

gality flood. The linen manufacture is carried on to a considerable extent, nearly 2-00,000 yards of different kinds

of cloth being annually ftamped here. There is alfq a confiderable tannery,

and
,1

in

the immediate neighbourhood

j

large bleachfield has been laid out.

The number
amounted

of inhabitants in 1793,' to 1604. Cupar is distant about 12 miles from Perth, and nearly C ime diftance from Dundee. The :' of upar extends about 5 miles
;

'-

gth from S.

W.

to

N.

E. and

is
j

and the Spire is much admired for its and elegant appearance. Adjoining to the town-houfe, the gentlemen of the county lately built a room for county meetings, and other apartments. The prifons are on the opposite fide of the to\yn-houfe, and perhaps yield to none in Scotland in point of the meannefs, the filth, and the wretchednefs of their accommodations. " How would the feelings of the benevolent How art have been Shocked, if, in his companionate tours, he.
light

CUR
nad turned
Fife,

CUS
Mid-Lothian, about 6 miles W. of Edinburgh. Its extent is about 5 or 6 miles in every direction ; but from E. to W. it ad;

afide into the peninfula of

CURRIE

a parifh of

and

vifited the cells, or rather

loathfome dungeons of Cupar !" Yet

into theie cells, where there is " no but rather darknefs vifible," is the fitfpeSed criminal thrown to lanlight,

guish, often during the fevereft winter months. In Cupar, and the neighbouring country, a coniiderable quantity

of coarfe linens are manufactured ; about 500,000 yards are annually (lamped, the agregate value of which will be nearly 30,000b fterling. There is alfo a coniiderable tanwork. Population of the town is about 3140. The parifh of Cupar is an irregular fquare of 5
miles, divided into 2 parts

vances to 9 miles in length. The fituationis very elevated; Ravelrig, about the middle of the parifh, is 800 feet above the level of the fea. This height, and the vicinity to the Pentland hills, renders it cold and damp. The foil is
a tough clay, which requires much culabout one third of the whole is hill and mofs : the manure employed is often brought from Edinburgh, but lime is more generally ufed. The river Leith takes its rife in the weftem extremity of the parifh. Limeftone is
tivation
:

by the

river

Eden, the banks of which are covered with numerous farm houfes, and ornamented with elegant and ftately vilColonel Clephane, is an ancient manfion. Garlie Bank, the property of James Wemyfs, Efq. of Winthank, is celebrated for the treaty concluded en the 13th of June 1559, between the Duke de Chattelherault, on the part of the Queen regent, and the Earl of Argyll commanding the forces of the Congregation. The population of the parifh (including the town of Cupar) in 1793, amounted to 3702; in 1801,
las.

is

Carjlogis, the feat of

abundant, but is not wrought, as there no coal at a nearer diftance than 8 or however, there is every rea9 miles fon to fuppofe, that while all the neighbouring parifhes abound with it,
;

there were

4463 inhabitants
or

in

the

fame

diftricl.

CUPTNSHAY,

COPINSHAY;

has a fubterraneous pafTage to the and has been a place of considerable ftrength ; the circumference of and other religious houfes. Cur, or Chur; a river in the dif- the rampart is 912 feet. In 1793, tridt of Cowal in Argyllshire. It takes Currie contained 1300 inhabitants. CUSHNIE ; a fmall parifh in Aberits rife in the mountains which border on Loch Goilhead its courfe for 2 deenfhire, the form of which is fo irmiles is rough and rapid, forming, as regular, that no certain idea can be given of its extent. Its furface is it defcends from the mountains, fevewhen it comes into mountainous and rocky, and from ral fine cafcades the plains of Strachur, it runs fmooth- being fituated at the head of a large ly, making a number of beautiful turns. open glen, it is much expofed to fe^ The banks are in general of an excel- vere winter ftorms. The foil is very lent deep foil, partly of loam and clay, indifferent, in molt places inclining the hills are covered with but the crops are frequently much to clay damaged by the fudden riling of its heath, and abound with game. There waters ; after a courfe of about 9 or are two fmall burns in the parifh, which 10 miles, it falls into Loch Eck, a lake are well ftored with trout. The wo^ which communicates with the Frith of men, as in moft places of Aberdeenfhire, are employed in knitting ftock* Clyde by the river Eachaig.
It

one of the Orkney iflands, about a mile long, and half a mile broad. It contains 2 or 3 families, making about 15 inhabitants. Adjoining to it lies the Kirkholm of Copinfliay, feparated by a reef, dry at low water, on which are the ruins of an ancient chapel,

contains the feme mineral, were made. Freeftonc abounds in the parifh, a quarry of which has been wrought for buildingmany houfes in the new town of Edinburgh. There is plenty of ironftone, and a rich vein of copper. About a mile from Currie village, is the romantic glen where Ramfay has laid the fcene of the Gentle Shepherd; (vide Glencross.) There is an old cattle, called Lennox tower, faid to have belonged to the family of Lennox, and to have been occalionally the relidence of Mary.
this alfo
if

proper

trials

"

When
was

love

was young, and Darnley

kind.

river,

cus
irigs for
|
I

YR

the Aberdeen market ; befides value has been difcovered in the diwhich, there is no other manufacture, ftridl. Population in 1792, 4^,0. The rocks are rnoftly freeftone, of a CYRUS (St.) ; a pariih inKincargood quality ; but no other mineral of dinelhire. Vide Ecclescraig.
|

D
AI
DABAY
;

DAL
He- of
of an irregular figure, extending nearly 3 miles in every direction. The center of the pariih is elevated into two hills, arable to the top, the (loping fides of which conftitute the pariih. The foil is rich and
Fife.
It is

a fmall iiland of the

brides, annexed to the county of Invernefs. It is about one mile long, and half a mile broad ; fertile in corn and grafs, but liable to be blafted by the S. winds ; it is one of thofe fertile. There are feveral good whinwhich are termed the Bifhop's ifies. ; a parifh in Ayrfhire. It ftone quarries ; and freeftone of exis fituated in the center of Carrick, cellent quality is to be had at a ihort along the banks of the river Girvan ; diftance. Over the Eden, which forms It confifts of a vale, ftretching in the the boundary on the S. and E. is a direction of the river about 6 miles neat bridge of 3 arches, built by Archin length, bounded on both fides by bilhop Spotifwood, who was propriehills of moderate height, the breadth tor of the eftate of Dairfie. Populavarying from 4 to 6 miles. The lower tion in 1791, 540 ; in 1801, 550. part of the valley is beautifully diver; a parifh in the weftfihed with fertile meadows, and na- ern diftrict of the county of Fife. The tural woods and plantations ; the fides figure is irregularly triangular, each of the hills, and the tract of country fide extending about 4 miles in length. beyond, efpecially towards the S. are It is bounded on the S. by the Frith bleak, heathy, and uncultivated muirs. of Forth, from which the ground rifes The foil of the arable ground is in ge- confiderably ; but the furface in geneneral light and dry, but many fpots ral is level, in many places covered have a mofly foil, on a deep clay bot- with furze and fwamps. The foil is tom. Numerous ftreams pour from various ; in fome parts confining of a the hills through deep and woody light dry loam ; but the greater part glens, to join the Girvan ; thefe glens is a deep ftrong loam, mixed with clay, are much admired for picturefque and naturally wet and ftiff, but in general romantic beauty, and in them many productive of heavy crops. There are gentlemen have fixed their refidences. feveral extenfive pits of excellent coal, Sir Adam Fergufon of Kilkerran, Sir of which a great quantity is annually Andrew Cathcart of Carleton, Mr. exported from the port of St. David's, Hamilton of Bargeny, Mr. Kennedy in this parifh. Dunibrijlle, the feat of of Dunure, and Captain Kennedy of the Earl of Moray ; Fardel, the feat Drummelland, poffefs elegant feats in of Sir John Henderfon ; and Gockairny, this parifh. So early as the 16th cen- the feat of the reprefentative of the tury, the river of Girvan was noted ancient Mowbray family, are of great for the feats on its banks : Buchannan ornament to the furrounding country. fays of it, " tnultis amcenis -villis cingi- Near the church of Dalgety, which is tur;" admirably defcriptive of its pre- an ancient building, are the ruins of a

W.

DAILLY

D ALGETY

fent appearance. The parifh abounds with coal and limeftone. Population
in 1792, 1607.

Daire;
S.

a river which rifes in the

border of the parifh of Crawford, in Lanarkfhire, and forms the principal branch of the river Clyde. DAIRSIE ; a parifh in the county

Dunfermline. In 1792, the population of the parifh was 869. a confiderable vil; lage and parifh in the county of MidLothian. The pariih is of fmall extent, being only about 1 miles fquare, lying on the banks of N. and S. Elk
feat of the Earl of

DALKEITH

DAL
fiver's.

DAL
a parifh in the county about 12 miles in length* and 9 in breadth. Its form is fom'ewhat oval, being furrounded with hills, fo as to form a valley or ftrath T in the middle of which runs the fmall river Lojfie. The foil on the banks of the river is light and fandy, fubjefi:
;

There are no mountains nor indeed, the whole might be corfidered as a plain, did not the ftecp banks of the rivers give it an uneven and broken appearance : the foil is various, being light and fandy on the lower grounds, and in the higher a pretty deep day ; it is well adapted for railing either fruit or foreft trees, which arrive here at great perfection. The village of Dalkeith is Angularly beautiful ; it ftands on a narrow ftrip of land between the two Elks, the banks of which are beautifully wooded, and embellished with feats of families of the firft diitinction. One of the greateft markets in Scotland for grain is held here every Thursday ; a very great quantity of oats, in particular, is brought from all the
hills
;

DALLAS
is

of Elgin,

to frequent inundations; the

foil
is

reft: of the black and moffy, and the furrounding hills are covered with fhort heath. The harvefts are late, and the crops are feldom fufrkient for the confumpt of the diflrict. The pariih, poffeffes inexhauitible quarries- of ac light gray Sate, and fome good, freeftone. Population in 1791, 888'.

DALMALLY;
Argyllfhire,

fmall village in

fituated at the
6 miles

Loch Awe, about

chan mountain.

head of from Cruain

neighbourhood, and efpecially from Berwickfhire. All the corn trade done here is for ready money, a circurnftance of great importance to the farmer, A few manufactures have been introduced but thefe have not been carried to great extent. The grammar fchool of Dalkeith has been long in high repute, and at one period was efteemed the beft feminary in
;

DALMENY;

parifh

the

county of Linlithgow, on the

S. coaft

Scotland

feveral of the brighten: or-

naments of

literature here received the rudiments of their education. During the fum.mer feafon Dalkeith is much reforted to by parties of pleafure

from Edinburgh, which is diftant about 12 miles, to enjoy the beauties of the furrounding fcenery. Adjoining to the town is Dalkcithrboufe, the principal feat of the Duke of Buccleugh. This elegant and extenfive building was erected about the beginning of the laft century, on the fite of the old caftle of Dalkeith ; the beauty of the fituation, which is defervedly admired, is greatly heightened by the Terpentine windings of the two rivers, which unite about half a mile below Dalkeith-houfe, and the abundance of the thriving plantations with which it is furrounded. There is a beautiful bridge of white ftone over the North Efk, within fight of the houfe, and the banks of both rivers are cut into extenfive walks with great tafte. The park contains a number of venerable oaks, and is well ftocked wr ith deer.

The
lage.

population in 1793 was 4366, arelide in the vil-

bout 3000 of which

of the Frith of Forth. It is nearly 4. miles long, and from 2 to 3 in breadth. The furface is beautifully diversified with hill and dale, and, from the eminences, the profpectis remarkably extenfive and beautiful. Numerous travellers have remarked, that the fcenery comprifed in the extent of the prolpec't from Mons-hill (one of the higheft eminences ) is among the fineft in Europe. The foil is in general a poor clay, bordering on till ; but there are fome fpots of fandy ground. The crops are on that account rather late, but they are fometimes very abundant. Like the greater part of the Lothians, much attention is paid toregalar farming, and rotation of crops. Ironftor.e is found on the fhcre, and the parifh p'offeffes excellent quarries of free and limeitone. Grindftones are'made here of the freeftone, and the fine carving in front of Duff-hcufe, at Banff, the feat of the Earl of Fife, were executed at the quarry, and fent in cafes by fea. At Diindas hill, is a fine fpecimen of irregular bafaltic columns. There are feveral marl. pits in the pariih, and coal has been recently raifed on the eftate of Lord Hopetoun. There are a few antiquities, of which the church may be confidered as the chief; it is a fmall elegant fabric, of Saxon architecture., apparently 800 years old : there is a large cairn, and the remains of a ironaftery. Barnbougle-caftle is a very ancient edifice, but ftill inhabited; and is

DAL
only remarkable for the curious fituation ; it is within flood mark, having ftrongbuttreffesandembrafurestokeep off the fea. There are feveral very ancient families, who have poffefftd eftates in uninterrupted heriditary poffeffion for 700 years. Dr. Wilkie, author of the Epigoniad, was born in this parifh. He cultivated a fmall farm, and struggled long and hard with penury in he afterward became minihis youth fter of Ratho, and at laft profeffor of natural philofophy in the uniyerfity of St. Andrews, where he died in 1773. Though the other parts of the Epigoniad were buried in oblivion, the epilbde of Hercules in that poem, is fufficient to entitle the author to perpeCraigie-hall, the feat of tual fame.
:
I

DAL
fcrophulous and fcorbutic cafes. In a limeftone crag, there is a remarkable cave fcooped by the hand of nature ; it is about 183 feet in length, and the breadth and height varies from 5 to 1 a feet ; the roof affords many fine fpecimens of ftalaffical petrifactions. Population of the country part of the parifh in 1793, 1186.
ftewartry ; a parifh in the of Kirkcudbright. Its greateft length from N. to S. is about 15, and its greateft breadth about 10 miles. Towards the S. the foil is arable, and capable of cultivation ; but by far the greater part is hilly, and only fit for pafture ; along the river Ken, which is the boundary on the W. for upwards of 6 miles, there are fome natural woods of confiderable extent. There are feveral fmall lakes ; and, befides the Ken, the parifh is watered by the rivulets Garpoul, Black<uiater, In LochEarljion, and Stonriggan. invar are the remains of an ancient fortified caftle, with a draw-bridge, faid to have belonged to the Gordons, anciently Knights of Lochinvar, and lately Vifcounts of Kenmurc. There are alfo feveral moats and ruinous places of defence. Mr. Alexander of Mackilfton, and Mr. Hunter of Lochvillage invar, poffefs elegant feats. called St. John's Clauchan, the property of the Earl of Galloway, is finely fituated on the banks of the Ken. Population in 1791, about 1200. a parifh in the county of Ayr. It extends along the banks of the river Doon from 6 to 7 miles in length, and about 2 in breadth.

DALRY

the

Hon. Mr. Hope ; Dundas-caftle, and Duddingfione, the refidence of Dundas of Dundas, are the chief feats
in the parifh.

Population in

791-8,

907.

DALRY

a parifh

and

village in the

county of Ayr. The parifh extends in an irregular figure nearly 9 miles from S. to N. and about the fame diftance from E. to W. The furface rifes gradually from the banks of the rivers Caaf, Rye, and Garnock, which water the parifh. The fiat grounds on the banks of thefe rivers is a deep loam, apparently compofed of flime and fand, depofited from the overflowing of the
waters the greater part of the foil is clay, of different colours, upon a cold
;

bottom both thefe foils are intermixed with patches of moffy ground, which have of late been much improved by the ufe of lime as a manure.
till
;

D ALRYMPLE;

The

village of

Dairy

is

much admired The lower grounds

;

are delightfully

fi-

by ftrangers for its fituation it ftands tuated, furrounded on all fides with on a rifing ground, almoft furrounded little green hills. Near the Doon, the by waters, and thefe run in their dif- ground is remarkably beautiful, and
ferent directions lb near the village, that when the ftreams are fwollen after heavy rain, it has the appearance of an ifland. Some years ago, a great deal was done in the filk manufacture, but that branch has yielded to the cotton, which is now generally earned on. It contains about 820 inhabitants, and gives title of Baron to the eldeft fon of the Earl of Glafgow. Limeftone and ironftone abound, and there are three valuable coal pits within a mile of the village ; lately in boring for coal, a very ftrong fulphureous fpring was railed, which has been mucli ufed in
diverfified.

partly fand

foil is partly clay, and the ftate of agriculture is much improved of late years, and enclofures are becoming general. The Doon contains falmon and trout ; a
;

The

falmon fifhing on this river lets at about 15I. There is plenty of limeftone, marl, and fome freeftone. Here, it is faid, was an engagement, in which
Coilus,

King of the Britons, was Main.

in 1791, 380. ; a parifh in the

Population

DALSERF

county

of Lanark. It is fituated on the S. bank of the river Clyde, extending in length about 5 miles, and on an aver-

DAL
jtge 3 In

DAM
the
ir-

breadth.

The holms on

banks of the Clyde, which are of

regular breadth, are very fertile, but liable to be overflowed by the river. From thefe plains the ground rifes by a bold and precipitous ridge to -a confiderable height: here the foil becomes clay, or rather argillaceous loam, with the lower grounds are a till bottom well cultivated, but the reft of the parifh being more fteril, is but Sightly
:

Clyde are low, except at one place where there is a bold rocky bank for 300 yards on the top of which, the late Mr. Hamilton of Wifliaw built a fummer-houfe, commanding a fine profpect of Hamilton and the furrounding country. The banks of the Calder are beautifully diverfified with coppices and romantic rocks. There
;

are feveral plantations of thriving trees,

which tend to heighten the beauty of

the fcenery. The foil is a rich loam, and ftrong marly clay, capable of a

of cultivation. There is a on the Clyde, belonging to the family of Wifliaw. Coal abounds in the parifh, but no pits are wrought at prefent ; there are alfo and Larkhall ; the laft of which is now freeftone quarries of excellent quality. very considerable, and is daily increas- Upon a moft picturefque fpot ftands the maniion-houfe of Dalziel, attached ing. There are 4 pits of excellent coal and lime has been found in fmall quan- to the old tower or chateau of the tity there is great plenty of freeftone, manor, which is kept in repair folely and ironftone is alfo abundant. There on account of its antiquity ; it is a are feveral mineral fprings, the water large Gothic building, with battleof which contains iron in foliation. Dal- ments and loop-holes on the top, and ierf-houfe and Broomhill, the property otherwife fortified very ftrongly, in Roman of Captain James Hamilton of Broom- the moft ancient manner. hill, are both finely fituated, com- way paffed through this parifh, fome manding a charming profpecl of the veftiges of which ftiil remain. PopuClyde and Avon, with their pleafant lation in 17 91, 478banks. There are the remains of two a village and ; fmall chapels, one of which is dedi- parifh in the county of Ayr. The cated to St. Patrick. Population in parifh extends about 8 miles in length, and from 2 to 3 in breadth. The fur2790, 1100. a parifh in the diftricT: face rifes gradually from the river ; of Annandale, in Dumfriesfhire ; the Doon, and the foil varies from a ftrong greateft extent is about 4 miles in rich deep clay to a dry gravel ; and length from N. to E. and 3 miles in towards the hilly parts it becomes breadth. The banks of the Annan, barren and rocky. There is a large which bound the parifh on the E. morals near the village, which has have a light loamy foil, very capable lately been drained. Part of Loch of improvement in the places farther Doon, from which iffues the river of from the river, the foil is clay, on a that name, is in this parifh. There cold till bottom, which, by retaining is great abundance of excellent coal, the moifture, renders it unfavourable freeftone, and ironftone : fome veins for vegetation : of late, feveral com- of lead ore have been difcovered in mons and muirs have been brought the hills, but they have never been into culture, and the appearance of wrought to any extent. There is a the country in general is much un- beautiful moat above the village, with proved. Population in 1794, 615. Several cairns of a deep dry foffe. DALZIEL; a parifh in the county ftones are to be feen in different parts of Lanark ; the extent in length is a- of the parifh.. There are the remains bout 4 miles, and in breadth about a. of 3 ancient caftles, one of which The land is low, and the furface even ftands on a fmall iflandin Loch Doon. and regular, riling gradually from the The village of Damelington has inrivers Clyde and Calder, by which it creafed much of late; its number of is bounded, to a ridge, with a decli- inhabitants is about 500 ; its vicinity vity juft fufficient to carry off the fu- to coal, freeftone, and excellent water, j>erfiuous water. The banks of the has induced feveral companies to e-

improved. There are feveral extenlive plantations in the parifh, and on the Clyde fome large orchards: except the ground occupied by thefe, the whole parifh is arable. The rivers Avon and Calnar run through it. There are 3 neat villages, viz. Dalferf, Millheugh,

high

ftate

falmon

fifhing

DAMELINGTON

DALTON

AV
rect
;

E E

machinery for the cotton and culture is very indifferent; for, alwoollen manufactures. To the village though the foil in fome places yields belong two extenfive commons, each tolerable crops, yet the great numberof which may feed from 25 to 50 cows. of fmall holdings, fhortleafes, fervices Daven (Loch) a fmall lake, a- to the landlord, and a predilection about 3 miles in circumference, in the among the people for ancient modes parifh of Logie Coldftone, in Aber- of farming, however awkward and deenfhire; it abounds with pike, fome unproductive, concur in preventing improvements. of which are of a large frze. Limeftone has been DAVID'S (St.) ; a village in the lately found on the banks of the Nairn parifh of Dalgety, on the N. coaft of the vein contains numerous cubical the Frith of Forth. It carries on a cryjlaRizqtiohs, which, when analyzed, confiderable manufacture of fait, and have been found to contain, lead. At exports annually an immenfe quantity the Mains of Dainot, a feat of the anof coal. The harbour of St. David's ceftors of the prefent Laird of Mackinfpacious, fituated in Inverkeithing bay, where veflels of any burden, not exceeding 500 jor 600 tons, can load in fafety. The diftance from the pits to the more is nearly 4 miles, and waggons of 48 cwt. convey the coal ?long the waggon ways to the very harbour. It is well afcertained -that the coal here has been wrought for upwards of 250 years, and a great extent of it ftill remains. a parifh in Aberdeen; fhire,extendingnearly5 miles in length, and 4 in breadth. The furface is level, having an expofure to the S. and S. E. The foil is partly a rich fertile loam, and partly a ftrong clay, producing Very little of the tolerable crops. parifh is enclofed, and a great drawis

tofh, there were, till lately, the ruins of a fort or cattle, built by the Barl of

Craufurd, in the beginning of the 15th century it was of great extent, and the ftones were lately taken away to build a modern houfe near its fite. Po;

pulation in 1793, 1697. Dean ; a deep running river in the county of Angus. It takes its rife from the loch of Forfar, and receiving the water of Gairie near Glammiscaftle, falls into the Ifla in its courfe through the valley of Strathmore. Dee ; a river of great note in Aberdeenfhire. It has its fource in a hill called Gaibh-chor-Dhe, in Lord Fife's foreft, in the parifh of Crathy ; and running with aftoniihing rapidity through the whole breadth of the back to improvement is the- diftance county, empties itfelf into the German from lime, the neareft place where it ocean at New Aberdeen, at the difcan be got being nearly 20 miles dif- tance of 90 miles, in a direct line from There are 2 druidical temples, its fource. In its colirfe it receives tant. one of which forms part of the church- many fmall rivers, and forms feveral

DAVIOT

yard. Population in 1791, about 900. a parifh in the county ; of lrivernefs. It is united to Bunlichty forming a parochial d'iftrict of great extent, being about 23 miles in length on both fides of the river Nairaj and its breadth varies from 2 to 4 miles. The appearance is wild and romantic in the higheft degree, the hills being either bare rocks, or very fparingly covered with coarfe gra'lV; and in the low grounds there are many large tracts of neat mofs, incapable of cultivation, but which feem in general well calculated for the growth of foreft trees, arid many acres have lately been laid out in that way. Amongft the mountains are feveral lakes, of which Loch 'Ruthiien and Loch Dimdelchack are the chief, abounding with trout of a delicious The ftate of agriJ^fte and flavour.

DAVIOT

which are noted for their Its banks are frequently bold and rocky, but in other places the fudden riiings to which
waterfalls,
ftriking magnificence.
liable often lays many acres of its banks under water ; thefe are finely fkirted with natural forefts and extenfive plantations ; and, at proper
it is

feafons, large rafts of trees are conftructed, and floated to the fea. It abounds with falmon ; and perhaps the moft valuable falmon fifhings in Scot-

land (the

Tay

fcarcely excepted) are

produce of the Dee alone being eftimated at nearly 8000I. fterling per annum. In making a comparifon of the foil on the banks of the Dee and Don, the 2 principal rivers in Aberdeen (hire, the latter has mani? feftly the advantage. Hence the cld_ on
this river, the
,

rhvme

BEE
'*

BEE
DEER a parifh and village in the county of Aberdeen. The parifh i3
;

foot of Don's
it

worth two of Dee,

fiih

Jjxcept

be for

and tree."

Its asftuary

berdeen

vide that article.

Buchan, extending in length 10 miles from N. to S: and its mean For about 20 or breadth may be eftimated at j-f miles. 3"o mile.;, it forms the boundary beThe high road from Aberdeen to Fratween the counties of Aberdeen and zerburgh cuts it longitudinally, and it Kincardine. is interfefted by the roads from Banff Dee is alfo a river in the ftewartry and Old Meldrum to Peterhead it is It Was anciently of Kirkcudbright. watered by two rivulets, Deer and named Deva by the Romans; when Srrichen, which afterwards form the it takes Galloway of ; pofleflioh in The furface confifts of irreUgie. its rife from Loch Dee, a Mall lake gular ridges of rifing ground, running of bottom the at lituated which is in every direction, forming a number thole hills which feparate Carrick of valleys of irregular extent; the tops many running from Galloway after of fome of the ridges are covered with miles in a ferpentine courfe, and re- heath, or a poor kind of grafs fome ; river ceiving the"waters of the great are covered with plantations, and Ken, it flows a confiderable way, till many of them cultivated ; the lower
;

forms the harboilr of A-

lituated almoft in the -center of the

di thrift of

for a description of which,

it

it

reaches the parifrj of Kit kcudbright then runs alongft the W. fide from N. E. to S. W. and empties itfelf into the Solway Frith, about 6 miles below the town of Kirkcudbright ; it is a large and rapid river ; for a great part of its courfe its bottom is rocky, and its banks fteep and rugged, adorned with natural wood of various kinds in its courfe it receives, befides the Ken-, the rivers Tarff and. Tqvyneholm, and the Grange-burn; it abounds with falmon, and is navigable for fmall vefOppofite the fels fornearly 6 miles. church of Tongland, the bottom of the river is very rough, which in large floods forms it into beautiful cafcades little below this of broken water. is a high bridge of 2 arches, from whence the falls are feen to the greatafter the cafcade, the eft perfection water falls into a deep linn, with a Captain great and inceffant noife. 111 this ucigiiwi.u lived iivcu in uus neighMontgomery, who , has^given a defenpaon of it, in his ancient poem of " the Cherry

parts are more fufceptible of cultivation, and adapted either for corn or round the village is a plain pafture of confiderable extent, ornamented with the woods and pleafure grounds of Pitfour, the feat of James Fergufon, Efq. M. P. confiderable quantity of homegrown flax, fpun into fine yarn, is annually exported, and a large bleachSeld with extenfive machinery was lately eftablifhed in the neighbourhood of the village of Stewartfieldo
:

The
is

village of

eftate of

Deer is built upon the Mr. Ruffel of Moncoffer, and

a very ancient town, containing nearly 900 inhabitants; it is about io-| miles diftant from Peterhead, the Not far from the neareft fea port. village ftand the remains of the abbey of Deer, built in the beginning of the 13th century by William Cumming Earl of Buchan, for fome monks of the Ciftertian order ; it has been an , but is now ver> extenfive huMiu > ruins> vilkge Q f much eJ gg Deer, there are alfo other 2 populous and the Slae," which is perfectly juft, villages, Stewuartfkld and Fetterangus ; andagreeabletoits natural appearance. the former the property of Mr. Burnet " But, as I lukit myne alane, of Denns, and the latter lately erefted I faw a river rin, on the eftate of Mr. Fergufon of PitOut oure a fteepy rock of fiane^ There are feveral inexhauftible four. Syne lichtit in a linn, quarries of' excellent limeftone, of Wi' tumbling and rumbling, which nearly 20,000 bolls are annually Amang the rocks around,On the S. W. of the parifh is fold. Devalling and falling great abundance of rombic quartz, or Into a pit profound," &c. feldt-fpar, and pieces of the pureft Stanza 6. rock cryftals are met with occalionThe whole length of the courfe of the aily, in the form of regular hexagonal fine Dee is about 40 miles, following the prifms, pointed at the ends. dark blue, and a very white panite, ferpentine turns which it makes.

BEE
are ufed for building. There are Several druidical circles, and the ruins of a fmall irregular village, fuppofed to have been inhabited by the druids.

DE
DELTING
Vide Mainland.
eaftern

the ifland of Barry, from which it fs leparated only by a narrow found. a parifh in Shetland. ;

Population in 1792, 3267. an extenfive parifh DEER ( ) In Aberdeenfhire. It is of an oblong form, extending from N. to S. 14 miles, and 7 at a medium from E. to W. It is diftant about 30 miles from Aberdeen. The furface is Mat, there being fcarcely a hill, or even a place that deferves to be called an eminence ; towards the N. E. and S. E. the appearance for 7 or 8 miles is almoft one continued corn field, interfperfed \vith pieces of fown grafs and turnip, and terminated by gentle riling ground in the form of an amphitheatre ; to-

NEW

a fmall parifh in the of the county of Fife, on the road from St. Andrews to Anftruther. Its figure is nearly a parallelogram, the length being about 3 miles, and the breadth about a mile and an half. It is beautifully interfered by a variety of fmall rivers, a;

DENINO

diftricT:

'

bounding with excellent trout. The foil is in general wet and fpungy, molt of the farms being broken with iwampsand fens, and is principally fitted for pafturage. Coal ufed to be wrought, but no pits are opened at prefent freeftone abounds, particularly of exwards the W. the foil is fhallow, and cellent quality, on the eftate of Sir the furface covered with heath. The William Erfkine. There are alfo fepublic road from Aberdeen by Udny veral mineral fprings containing iron. and Tarves divides- the parifh from Kingstnuir, an extenfive tracT of wild N. to S. Limeftone abounds on every uncultivated ground, is attached to the farm, and it is burnt in confiderable parifh of Denino ; it belongs to Mr* quantities with mofs but the practice Hanno, who has a coal work, upon it. of liming lands in this diftricT: has been Population in 1793, 383.
;

a parifh in Stirlingfhire s carried to fo great an extent, that the ; land has been reduced to a fort of about 4 miles in length, and %\ caput mortuum, producing nothing but breadth. The furface is agreeably diAbout % verfified, having a foil partly clay, and thirties and noxious weeds. miles from the church Hands an old partly fand ; it is tolerably fertile and caftle called Fedderatt, which appears well cultiyated. The village of Denny to have been a place of confiderable is pleafantly fituated on the banks of ftrength ; it is furrounded partly by a the Carron, which feparates this parifh morafs, and partly by a fofie, and has from that of Dunipace. The great been acceffible only by a draw-bridge, canal from Forth to Clyde paffes part of which Mill remains. Water through it, and is of great benefit to has been conveyed to it by means of the country. Freeftone is plenty, and pipes, pieces of which have at differ- coals are got in fufficient quantity to ent times been torn up by the plough. fupply the inhabitants. Population in There are feveral remain3 of druidical 1791, 1400. DERVILLE, or DERVAL; a thrivtemples ; and feveral tumuli have been opened and found to contain urns en- ing manufacturing village in the parifh' elofed in ftone coffins. On a field of Loudon, county of Ayr. Near this called Aiky or Oaky Brae, Edward village are the remains of a Danifh Bruce, brother of King Robert Bruce, fort. The lands of Derville in old is faid to have defeated the Cum- times belonged to the knights tempmines, Earls of Badenoch, in the year lars, and it is remarkable that thefe 1308; (vide Forduni Scoticbronicon, fol. lands hold of no fuperior, not even of 83. lib. 5.) Population in 1792, 2800. the crown. The village contains aDeer; a fmall riveF in Aberdeen- bout 400 inhabitants. fhire, which takes its rife in the ; a parifh in the counborder of the diftricT: of Buehan, and ty of Banff. Its length from N. to S. after a courfe of about 1 6 miles, unites is about 5 miles, and its extreme with the water of Strichen, acquires breadth about 3 ; it confifts of a ftrath the name of the Ugie, and falls into or valley, between a range of hills open the ocean at Peterhead. towards the N. and S. ; in the middle ISLAND, or runs a fmall river, the banks of which ICIi; one of the Hebrides, near to are covered with a variety of natural

DENNY

W.

DESKFORD

DEER

MULDON-

BIN
the parifh is alfo interfered in feveral places by rivulets riling from fprings in the fides of the hills, defccnding with frequent waterfalls to the burn in the middle of the valThe foil along the lower parts ley. of the ftrath is generally a rich loam, with a ftrong clay bottom, producing in warm feafons heavy crops of wheat and other grain ; towards the hills the foil is a light black mould, on a cold tilly bottom. There is a conliderable extent of muirifh or wade ground, very capable of improvement. The lower grounds feem peculiarly adapted for the growth of planting ;

DOL
a rivulet in the county of Angus. It takes its rife from amongft the Sidlaw hills, from the loch of Lundie, in the parifh of Lundie, and after a courfe of about 17 or 13 miles, during which it drives many mills, falls into the Frith of Tay near- the village of Monifieth ; it contains trout, and a few falmon. Dickmount-hill, in the parifh of CambuOang, in the county of Lanark, is elevated only about 700 feet above the level of the fea, yet commands a moft extenfive and various profpedh It appears to have been anciently a place of ftrength or defence : there are the appearances of an earthen rampart, which encompaiTed it a little below the iummit, and on the top are ftill plain veftiges of buildings* a royal borough in ; the county of Rofs. It is pleafantly fituated on a fertile plain at the W. end of the Frith of Cromarty, which is navigable to fmall veffels as far up as the town ; it was erecled into a royal borough by Alexander II. in the year 1226, which privileges were further confirmed by a charter granted in the reign of James IV. It was entitled by thefe charters ".to all the privileges, liberties, and immunities pojfejfed by the burgh of Lzverne/s." From many circumftances, it would appear, that the ancient fize of the borough was much greater than at prefent ; caufeways and foundations of houies have been found fome hundered yards from where the town now ftands ; it is, however, much improved of late years, and the ftreets, which are well paved, may be called neat, and even elegant; it is well fituated for trade, but as yet no particular branch of manufacture has been introduced. Dingwall contains nearly 800 inhabitants. Near the town is the ruins of the ancient refidence of the Earls of Rofs ; it was built clofe to the fhore, and nearly furrounded by a fmall rivulet, into which the tide flowed at high water ; it feems to have been a regular fortification, having a ftrong caftle at the W. end what is not furrounded by the fea has a deep ditch, and a regular glacis. The Earls of Rofs were the moft powerful of the northern barons, and many of the ancient families in Rcfsfhire hold their eftates by charters from him, dated atv.d cajlrum nojlrum de

wood

Dichty;

there

is

an

afli

tree,

which mealures

in girth 24 feet 6 inches.

The

ruins

of the tower of De/kjord, and of the caftle of Scuth, with the furrounding woods, form the moft ftriking and picThere is a fmall turefque fcenery. bleachfield at the N. end of the paThere are feveral quarries of rifh.
limeftone, and 2 hills which afford abundance of peat and turf for fueL

DINGWALL

Population in 1791, 752.

or Doveron ; a river fource in the parilh of Cabrach, in Aberdeenfhire, and, after a courfe of about 50 miles, through fertile and highly cultivated plains, falls into the ocean at the royal burgh of Banff. It forms the boundary betwixt Aberdeenihire and Banff for many miles, and in its courfe receives many rivulets, particularly the Bogie, which falls into it at the town of

Deveron,
its

which has

Huntly. Upon its banks are found frequent fpecimens of plumbago, and many fymptoms of lead ore are obferved.

Devon ; a river in the counties of Perth and Clackmannan. VideDovAN. Devon (Black) ; a fmail river in Clackmannanfhire, which takes its rife in the Salvie, and falls into the Forth at Clackmannan pow.
Dichmount,
alfo the

or

Dickmount,
hill in

is

name of a

the parifh

of St. Vigeans, in the county of Angus; it is about 670 feet above the level of the fea, from which it is 3 milesdiftant: on the top is a large cairn, now covered with grafs, hollowed in the middle, where it is faid the barons anciently held their courts ; from which eircumftance it probably derived the name of the Law, or Dickmount

Law.

DOL
boats failed for Fife,
is

Dingwall. Near the church is an obe3'rik, riling in a pyramidal form to the height of 57 feet, though only 6 feet fquare at the bafe ; it is intended to dlitinguifh the burying place of the family of Cromarty. The parifh of Dingwall forms nearly a fquare of % miles ; it occupies a fine vailey, with part of Hoping iides of the hills which form the valley, a great proportion of which is in a high ftate of cultivation.

in this parifh*'

Population in 1791, 120c. Eh vie ; a fmall river in the county of Moray. Its principal branch rifes~ in the borders of Strathfpey, and after a moft rapid courfe, it falls into the Findhorn river.

Dochart ; a lake and river in Perthshire. The lake lies in the parifh of Killin; extends E. and forming the boundary between Strath-

W.

There is little wafte land, and the fillan and Glendochart it is about 3 whole forms a beautiful diversified miles in length, and contains a floating fcene of hill and valley, wood and iflet, a curiofity which is always re"water, corn fields and meadows. The commended to the notice of ftrangers. foil is a rich loam, which in dry fea- This iflet is 5 1 feet long, and 29 broad
;

appears to have been gradually formed by the natural intertexture of the fteepnefs of the hills, wet feafons the roots and ftems of fome water frequently balk the expectations of plants; it moves before the wind, and The river Conan runs may be pufhed about with poles the farmer. by the parifh, in which a few trouts cattle going unfufpectingly to feed are occafionally caught on it alfo is a upon it, are liable to be earned a very productive falmon fifhing. There voyage round the lake. On another, are a few plantations, which are in a but Stationary illand, ftand the ruins
fons

from the

affords luxuriant crops but, fatnefs of the ground, and

:

it

thriving ftate. The only ftones fit for of a caftle, the ancient reiidence of building are a fpecies of whinftone or the Knights of Lochow ; it is emfcurdy, and a fine freeftone, contain- bowered with wood, and has a very roing a quantity of oxyde of iron. Po- mantic appearance. The river Fillan pulation of the parifh of Dingwall in runs into the W. end of the lake, and the river Dochart ifiiies out of it, *79 J > *379DIIILETON ; a village and parifh and runs about 8 miles through GlenIt is dochart ; then it joins the Lochay, in the county of Haddington. Situated where the Frith of Forth and pours its waters into Loch Tay. a parifh in the county opens into the German Ocean ; its ; extent is nearly 6 miles fquare. The of Clackmannan. It confifts chiefly of weftern part of the parifh, along the an extenfive and gently Hoping plain, Frith, is fandy and barren for nearly beautifully interfperfed with fmall 3 miles ; towards the E. the foil be- villages, farm houies, and enclofures comes better, being a fine level plain. and taking in a fmall part of the paThe village is nearly in the center of rifhes of Tillycoultry and Muckart, the parifh, built upon a rocky ground, forms a kind of amphitheatre, about riling as it recedes from the lea. There 3 miles long, and \\ in breadth are 2 fmall iflets on the coaft, on one bounded on the N. by the Ochil hills, of which called Fidrie, is the ruin of and by a rifing ground on the S. Befome edifice, probably a lazaret or fides the plain, it takes in a part of hofpital for the reception of lick. the Ochils, which are in general coconfiderable quantity of fea weed is vered with a beautiful green, affording thrown afhore after a ftorm, part of excellent paSture for iheep. At the which is ufed as a manure, and burnt foot of the hills, and the greater part into kelp, of which there is made on of the plain, the foil is light and graan average about 14 tons per annum. velly, caufing a quick vegetation ; on Enclofures are becoming general, and the banks of Dovan or Devon, which there is of late years a great improve- nearly divides the parifh into 2 equal ment in the mode of farming. William parts, the ground is chiefly haugh, Nifbet, Efq. of Dirleton, the chief he- with an intermixture of clay. The ritor, has lately made out extenfive village of Dollar is very fmall and plantations. Gulan-nefs, the point of mean, but being fituated on the road land which determines the mouth of from Stirling to Kinrofs, from which the Frith, and from which paffage- it is equidiflant about 12 miles,, is a

DOLLAR

DOL
proper

DOR

There is ly wet, and the harveft late. On the ftage for travellers. a fine bleachfieid on the banks of the top of one of the hills are the remains Dovan, belonging to Mr. William of an encampment or fortification, enHaigj who was amongft the firft in cloling about 4 acres of ground ; and Scotland to introduce the practice of on another hill called the Kip, is a bleaching with muriatic acid. In the cairn, on the top of which fires ufed neighbourhood of the town of Dollar to be kindled to warn the country of invafion, or predatory incurfion. is the venerable ruin of Cajlle-Campbell, Poanciently the occafional reiidence of pulation in 1792, 200. Don ; a rivulet in Aberdeenfhire. the noble family of Argyll. It is fituated on the top of a round mound, on It takes its rife in the mountains of each fide of which is a deep glen or Curgarff, at the head of the parifh of ravine, down which run ftreams that Strathdon, and takes a courfe nearly unite immediately below the caftle. due E. At Inverurie it receives the ditch divided the caftle from the waters of the river Ury, and paffing furrounding mountains, which ren- by Kintore, falls into the German dered it inacceffible, but by a draw- ocean on the N. fide of the old town bridge. It is not known when or by of Aberdeen, about 2 miles from the whom this venerable pile was erected ; mouth of the river Dee ; it abounds it was formerly called the cajlle of with falmon ; the fifhing of a fmaii Gloom, a name expreffive of its fitua- fpace of its banks, not more than 300 and is furrounded by the glens or 400 yards in length, has been known tion of Care, and the burns of Sorrow, and to rent at nearly 2000L ; it is navilooks down upon the town of Darknefs, gable to fmall vefTels up to the bridge, for fo the Gaelic names of the fur- which was thrown over it by Bifhop rounding places are faid to fignify. Cheyne in 1323, on the high road, Upon the whole, the fcenery around from Aberdeen to the North. Doon ; a lake and river of Ayrfliire. this ancient feat of Campbell, coniifting of rocks and woods, and glens and The lake is fituated chiefly in the pamountains, contains a pleaiing mix- rifh of Straiton, and is about 7 miles On an ifland are the reture of the beautiful, the picfurefque, in length. and the awfully romantic. In the mains of an old caftle. The river ifend of the lake, parifh of Dollar there are feveral ex- fues from the N. tenfive coal works, the property of and after a circuitous courfe of upthe Duke of Argyll, and of Lord Al- wards of 18 miles, falls into the Atva ; ironflone likewife abounds, faid lantic, about 2 miles S. of Ayr. The to be of an excellent quality; the hills banks are very beautiful, and have are chiefly compofed of whinftone, been rendered famous by a fong of but there are feveral valuable freeftone the Ayrfliire bard: " Ye banks and quarries ; a vein of lead was lately braes of bonny Doon," <Scc. Both lake difcovered near the town of Dollar, and river abound with trout and falwhich it is thought will turn to good mon. The river forms the N. E. account ; filver has been found in the boundary of the diftrict of Carrick. glen of Care near Caftle-Campbell, and DORES, extending 20 miles in on the top of a hill called the White length, and 3 in breadth, is, a pariih Wifp, beautiful agates are often found. in Invernefsfhire, fituated on the banks In 1792, the pariih contained 410 in- of Loch Nefs. The furface is mountainous, having a narrow valley runhabitants. Dollar-burn Hill, in the parifh ning nearly the whole extent of the of Manor, county of Peebles, is ele- pariih. The foil is light, but not vated 2840 feet above the level of the much cultivated. The proportion of fea. arable land is very fmall, by far the greater part being fit only for fheep ; a parifh in the county of Peebles, extending about 3 pafture.' At Gortuly, the property miles from E. to and 2^ from N. of James Frazer, Efq. much has been to S. The great road from Edinburgh done in the way of improvement. to Leadhillsby Biggar, pafiing through Eefides Loch Nefs, which, with its enit. The foil is for the molt part a light virons, furnifhes a beautiful landfcape, black mould, on a red qlay bottom, in- there are 2 or 3 fmailer lakes, which clining to till, which makes it general- abound with trout. There are feve-

W.

DOLPHINGTON
W.

DOR
ttH veftiges of antiquity in the parifh, which are pointed out by tradition as the fcenes of many Fingalian exploits. Population in 1791, 1365. a royal borough in the county of Sutherland, fituated on the N. coaft of the Frith of Dornoch, nearly oppofite to the burgh of Tain, which lies on the S. fide of the Frith. The town is fma-51, and going faft to decay, although it is the county town, and the rendence of the fheriff-fubftitute ; it was erected a royal borough by a charter from King Charles I. dated 162&; and its government is vefted in a provoft, 4 bailies, and 10 counfellors, 4 of which are annually changed ; it is one of the northern diftrict of boroughs which unite in fending a member to parliament ; it contains a-

DOU
the Frith of Tain,
lea
is

that

arm of

the

which divides the fouthern parts of Sutherland from the county of

Rofs. The entrance of this Frith is nearly 15 miles wide, and gradually becomes narrower, till about 3 miles W. of the town of Dornoch, its breadth is not above 2 meafured miles, where there is a ferry-boat, called the
Meikle-ferry,

DORNOCH;

After this it becomes wider, forming an inner harbour or bay, where another ferry is eftablifhed, called the Little-ferry. At

much

this

ferry

is

an.

excellent roadftead,

of considerable burden can lie at anchor ; but a bar runs acrofs the entrance, which is of great detriment ; however, veffels of 500 tons are laid to have water on this bar at fpring tides. On the Sutherland bout 500 inhabitants. The parifh of coaft, too, in calm weather, veffels of Dornoch extends 9 miles from E. to fmall burden may lie in fafety but a along the coaft of the Frith of formidable bar extends from this coaft Dornoch ; and from N. W. to S. a- almoft to the S. fide of the Frith, bout 15 meafured miles. The fhores called {from the inceffant noife) the are flat and fandy, and the lands con- Gizzing briggs : the banks, however, tiguous in general level ; but are gra- forming this bar, are not fo clofely dually elevated as they approach the connected but that veffels may enter hilly d.iftricts towards the N. ; the foil with fafety, under the direction of a The fhores produce fliell fifh, is fandy, approaching to loam, as we pilot. recede from the coaft. The river Eve- and the banks abound with cod and licks, which falls into the Frith at the haddocks ; but no vigorous exertion Meikle-ferry, affords a few falmon and has been made to render the fifheries The fea trout. In the hilly diftrict there are 3 an object of importance. or 4 fmall lakes, the largeft of which weed on the coaft is of little value. may be about a mile in length. Fal; a parifh in the county lowing of land is unknown in this dif- of Dumfries. It is nearly a fquare of trict, and the ufe of lime as a manure i\ miles, extending along the banks great quantity of the Solway Frith. The furface is is newly introduced. of mofs fir has been dug up many remarkably flat, and the foil loamy, this is logs have been found fit for building, upon a ftrong clay bottom and it has been obferved that this fort apt to make the ground rather wet, of wood is exceeding durable. There but by drains it is rendered very ferare feveral quarries of whinftone, and tile and productive. There is a fmall one of excellent fandftone near the river, Kirtle, which runs through a town. At Evelicks, fome very flatter- part of the parifh. The fifhings in ing appearances of coal have been the Solway Frith employ a great numThere is a obferved ; and about a mile N. W. of ber of the inhabitants. Dornoch is a very rich clay. Dornoch large peat mofs, which furnifhes plenty was formerly the feat of the Bifhop of of fuel. There are the remains of a Caithnefs, and a part of the cathedral Roman military road through the pais ftill kept in repair as the parifh rifh. There are alfo a druidical temple, church ; it is uncertain when the fee an intrenchment, and a ftrong fquare of Caithnefs was eftablifhed, but it tower, on the eftate of the Marquis of muft have exifted before the year 1150, Annandale. Population in 1791, 738. a parifh and village as we find Andrew Bifhop of Caith; nefs a witnefs to a donation by David in the county of Lanark ; its extent of I. to the abbey of Dunfermline in that the parifh is confiderable, being about year. 12 miles long, and from 4 to 7 broad.
veffels
;

where

W.

DORNOCK

DOUGLAS

Dornoch Frith,

fometimes called Along the banks of the river Douglas

BOU
the
foil is

DOU
up
it

good

farther

becohics

1'pouty and wet, and the are chiefly a cold till.

back grounds On the holms of the river are a few farms but the lands occupied in this manner bear a fmall proportion to what is laid out
;

for fheep pafture. The high fituation of the parifh being nearly equidiftant from both feas, renders it liable to

much
is

rain,
little

and cold
natural

feafons.
;

There

of 3 ftreets uniting, in the center" of which is lately erected a neat market crofs. The ground is excellent for building, having a hard ehannelly foun-* dation, covered with a coat of rich earth, and this continues a confiderable way N. and a mile and an half W< forming a fine level fpot, whereon ftand the 2 great cattle markets of Kilmadock, held annually, at Michaelmas
fifts

but Lord Douglas has planted upwards of iaoo acres with a variety of trees, which in a few years will have much effect to fhelter and beautify this part of the country. The parifh abounds with coal, lime, and freeftone; many of the feams of coal are 7 feet in thicknefs, and will be inexhauftible for many
very

wood

fully fupplied
foft

and Martinmas. The town is plentiwith fprings of excellent

water, that are never dry. What has chiefly contributed to the increafe and improvement of Doune, is the introduction of the cotton manufacture. An extenfive work, called the Adelphi cotton mill, was erected a few years ago by fofne public fpirited and encenturies. The dip of the ftrata is in terprifing brothers, the Buchannans many places very great, and the coal of Carfton, on the S. bank of the Teath. This extenfive work employs is interfered with numerous dykes, which difplace the feam of coal often about 700 perfons, for whofe accom50 or 60 feet perpendicular. Thefe modation all the ruinous houfes of dykes are called troubles by the work- the town have been repaired or remen, and are the caufe of much labour built. Mr. Murdoch of Gortincaber and expence. The village of Douglas has likewife built a ftreet of houfes adjoining the cotton mill, chiefly inis fituated nearly in the middle of the parifh, and is the center of the great habited by the people employed at roads from Glafgow to England, and that work. For fome time paft Doune from Edinburgh to Ayr. It has a fmall has been noted for excellent flaters, manufacture of cotton ; and another who have acquired fuperior reputacotton work has been lately erected tion in that branch over all the neighIt contains about 700 bouring country ; and in Glafgow, in its vicinity. inhabitants. The old caftle of Douglas Stirling, and other places, are often was burnt down about 50 years ago invited to contract for modern buildand one wing has been rebuilt in the ings, in preference to others. This moft elegant ftyle. The pariih con- town has alfo been long celebrated for tains 1 715 inhabitants. the manufacture of Highland piftols : DOUGLASDALE, the name of the this art was introduced here in 1646, middle ward of Lanarkfhire ; formerly by Thomas Cadell, who carried it to it was almoft entirely the property fuch great perfection, that no piftols of the Dukes of Douglas ; and Lord made in Britain excelled or even equalDouglas, the reprefentative of that led thofe of his making for furenefs, ancient family, is fiill the principal ftrength, and beauty of workmanfhip. proprietor. The old and new town of Doune, conDouglas River takes its rife at tain (including the labourers at the Athe foot of Cairn-table hill, 9 miles a- delphi cotton works) upwards of 1630 bove the town of Douglas, and receiv- inhabitants. Towards the S. E. of ing the waters of 3 fmall rivulets in its the town, on a peninfula formed at courfe, falls into the Clyde about 7 the junctionof the Teath and Ardoch, miles below the fame town. ftands the ruin of the caftle of Doune. a fmall town in the pa- Nature has pointed out this fpot as a ; rifh of Kilmadock, inPerthfhire ; which place of ftrength, at leaft well fuited pariih is fometimes denominated the to the art of war in ancient times. parifh of Doune. The town is fmall, The caftle is a huge fquare building, but in a very improving ftate, and the walls of which are 40 feet high, pleafantly fituated on the banks of the and about 10 feet thick: what remains Teath, near the confluence of the fmall of the tower is at leaft 80 feet in rivulet Ardoch with that river. It con- height. It is quite uncertain when
1

DOUNE

DO V
.

>
glen, to

OV

the caftle was built, but as the ftructure appears to be very ancient, and as it was the family feat of the Earls of JVlonteith, it is conjectured, with great probability, that it was erected by one of that family, about the nth century, pi'evious to the reign of Robert II. King of Scotland. It is now the property of the family of Stewart, giving the fecond title of Baron Doune to the Earls of Moray, Dovan, or Devon RrvER, takes its rife in the parifli of Alva, at the foot of the Ochil hills, and after a circuitous route of about 40 miles, including its windings, falls into the river Forth at Clackmannan, nearly oppofite to its fource, and only 6 miles diftant from it in a direct line. In" its courfe it forms fome ftriking and romantic waterfalls and cafcades, known by the names of the Devil's mill, the Rumbling bridge, and the Caldron linn. Dr. Garnett, who vifited tshefe falls in 1798, thus defcribes them " At the diftance of about 6 miles from Kinrofs, we left the road, in order to fee fome waterfalls on the
.'

river

Dovan. The
is

fiift

we

vifited

was

not improperly called the Cahircn linn, about 8 miles from Kinrofs. Here, the Dovan, which we faw murmuring along its pebbly bed, fuddenly enters a deep linn or guily, and there finding itfelf confined by its continual effort againft the fides, has worked out a cavity refemblmg a large Caldron, in which the water has fo much the appearance of boiling, that it is difficult to diveft one's felt of the idea that it is really in a ftate of violent ebullition. From the caldron, through a hole below the furface, the water flowly finds its way under the rock
into a circular cavity, in which it is carried round and round, though with much lefs violent agitation : this fe-

what

which there is accefs by a zig-This cafcade is 44. feet in? height, and the rocks which compofe the linn are about twice as high fo that it appears as if the water had worn its way from the top to its prefent fituation, which moft probably has been the cafe. It falls in one unbroken fheet, without touching the rock, and the whitenefs of the dafhing water is finely oppofed to the aim oil black colour of the rocks^ which are formed of coarfe grained bafaltes.Whils we were contemplating this beautiful feene, the fun happened tomine upon it, and the fpray which, arifes from it to aconfiderableheigiu, by refracting the rays of light, exhibited the appearance of a luminous, vapour, in which the different prifmatic colours were eafily difcernible. Leaving the Caldron linn, we walked about a mile, or rather more, up the banks of the Dovan, and came to another linn or ravine, over which anarch is thrown. The rocks on each fide approach fo near, that an arch of 22 feet fpan, is fufficient to form a communication between the different banks of the river but the depth from the bridge to the water is no lefs than 86 feet, and the want of a parapet prevents even the fteadieft head from
zag path.
; ;

down this frightful chafm, without a degree of terror. The water, both above and below the bridge, rufhing from rock to rock, and forming a number of little falls, produces a conftant rumbling kind of noife,looking

which

is

much

increafed
:

when

the

water is fwollen by rains on this account the common people call it the

Rumbling
is

bridge.

When

this bridge
it is

viewed from the river below,

a very fublime object. The fides of the chafm are formed by bold irregular rocks, confiding of a kind of cond caldron is always covered with puddingftone, which are in many places a foam or froth. From this boiler the finely covered with brufhwood above water runs in the fame manner by an the bridge, the water is feen running opening in the rock below its furface along, in fome places concealed from into another, which is larger than the eye by the jutting rocks and foeither of them, the diameter of it being liage, and in others appearing again. 22 feet. The water in this cavity is In fhort, the whole form.s a very ronot agitated like the others, but calm mantic fcene. About 200 yards above and placid. From this cavern the the Rumbling bridge, we came to anwater rufhes perpendicularly over a other fall, though but a fmall one, rock into a deep and romantic glen, with a kind of caldron, in which the forming a fine cafcade, particularly water has the appearance of boiling. when viewed from the bottom of the In this cavity the water is continually
:

DRA

DRO

DREGIIORN; a pariih in Ayraoffed about with great violence, conIt extends nearly 9 miles in stantly d&fhing againit the tides of the ffiire. .rock: this produces a noife fomewhat length, and varies from 1 to 3 in finiikr to that made by a mill, and on breadth ; the furface is level, having this account it is called by the com- a gentle declivity from the eaftern limon people the Devil's mill, becaufe mits to the fea ; the upper and middle it pays no regard to Sunday, but parts of the parifh have a deep clayey works every day alike." Garnet t''s lbil> which towards the fea becomes Tour, vol. ii. p. 14a. The Dovaa iron- intermixed with fand and gravel ; the works are lituated en the banks of the holms on the banks of the rivers Anriver, about 4 miles before it falls into nock and Irvine are a fine deep loam* The whole of the parifli is arable, the Forth. Doveran., or Deveron ; a river with the exception of a few acres of marfliy ground ; it is moftly encioferL Vide Deveron. . in BanrHhire. Dowalton (Loch), in the coun- and many fields are -flickered by ftripes ty of Wigton, is about 2 miles long, of planting. Byall the late leafes on and i\ broad. It contains a frnail the Earl of Eglinton's eftate in this Ifiand of about 30 acres ; and a fmall pariih, the tenants are allowed only river iffues from it, through a rich to plough the fourth of their farms valley, and falls into Garlieftpwn bay. every 5 years; confiderable advantages Downe-hill, in the pariih ofEdeu- are found to attend this plan ; it lefkeillie in Morayihire, appears to have fens the number of horfes on the farm, been a fortrefs of great antiquity, and while the fourth part, from its long sufed as fuch long before the period of reft, yields when ploughed nearly a authentic hiftory ; it is of a conical double crop. The pafture grounds inane, round a confiderable part of are alfo improved, and the tenant which runs the rapid river of Divie, is prevented from impoverifhing the in a deep rocky channel; and, where land, even fuppofmg he intended to not defended by the river, it is en- do fo. Lord Egiinton has lately plantcircled by a deep ditch or foffe, with ed a number of fmall thriving plantaa ftrong rampart, the ftones of which tions, which are a great ornament to the country. confiderable quantity bear marks of fuficn. of fine cheefes are made here. There ; a pai-ifh in the county of Moray, is a peninfula formed by is a colliery in the end of the pathe Moray Frith, and the- loch of rifli, yielding annually 11,000 tons of The village of Dreghorn is .Spynie. It extends in length about coals. 4 miles, and from 3 to 3 in breadth. beautifully fituated on the fide of the The general appearance of the coun- Annock, is well adapted for manutry is low and fiat'; fcarcely one half factures, though none are at prefent of the furface is arable, the greater!: carried on. Population of the parifli, part being barren muir ground, co- as returned to Sir John Sinclair, 838. a parifli in Perthfliire. It vered with fhort heath, and a coarfe ; benty grafs. The land undes culti- extends in length between 3 and 4 vation is fertile, the foil varyirg from miles, and in breadth about 3, ftretcha rich clay loam to a lighz black ing in a Hoping direction at the foot mould. It is watered by tie river of the Ochil hills, which form the S. LoJJie, at the mouth of which a fmail boundary of the rich and beautiful .Silling village is built, called from its vale of Stratherne, and prefenting to -fituation Lome-mouth. There are 7. the eye of the traveller, on the great -fmall eminences, which are quarried road from the'Queensferry to Perth, for the excellent freeftone < which an agreeable profpect of well cultivatthey are compofed. Near Canfea, a ed fields. In many places the face of .fmall fifning village in the p:rifh, the the hills exhibit a broken and irreguihore is bold, having an uninterrupted lar furface, roughened by projecting mats of. freeftone, which is p great re- rockj; and overgrown with whins; but .queft fcfr building all over tie country. in cMier places there are confideraThere are fomeappearanceu>f leadcre ble patches of corn land on the very but, after : arch, ne vein could tops of craggy precipices ; and many be difcovered wjwth the expence of parts of the hills are adorned with working. Population 1^1793, 104c. ftripes and clumps of planting. There

DRAINY

W.

DRON

'

DRU
are

DPv

no rivers, but feveral fmall ftreams in their looks ; and, when they run, pour down the fides of the hills to inftead of the clumfy cow gallop, they fall into Erne, which runs in the bound like deer." Drumlanrig is fimiddle of the Strath. Several fprings tuated upon the river Nith, about 13 contain metallic fubftances in fojution, miles from the town of Dumfries.
indicating the exiftence of metals in

DRUMMELZIER;

a parifh in the

fandy loam. At Polmond is a fmall wood of natural trees ; and feveral plantations were laid out fome years ago by the late Sir James Nafmyth, In the church-yard is pointed out the burial place of the celebrated Merlin. The parifh of Drummelzier is thinly former are covered with firs, but by inhabitated, containing only about far the greater part of the parifh is 270 inhabitants. a parifh in Aberarable; the foil in the valleys is a deep clay loam, fertile, and in general deenfhire, in extent about 4 miles well cultivated ; that of the higher long, and 2 broad. The furface is grounds is thin and gravelly, but is hilly, a great part being only fit for alfo tolerably fertile. There are a few iheep pafture. The arable foil is fhalenclofures in the parifh, but the great- low, and produces only fpare crops of There are very few eft part is uninclofed, as the farmers, barley and oats. though very fenfible of the advantages enclofures, and agriculture is in much of that plan, cannot afford to lay out the fame ftate as it was 60 years ago. the money for that purpofe. There The tower of Drum, near the refihas lately been difcovered a fine fpe- dence of Mr. Irvine of Drum, is a very Population in 1791, cies of clay marl, which promifes to ancient edifice. be of confiderable fervice in improving 7o3. the land. There is plenty of coarfe MUIR ; a fmall limeftone, free and whinftones, and village in the parifh of Monifieth, in fome flate. There are three tumuli, the county of Angus. It lies on the near one of which are the remains of old road from Dundee to Arbroath, an encampment of King Robert Bruce, and contains about 140 inhabitants. after he h?d defeated Ciimmine Earl In the immediate vicinity is the hill of Eadenoch, near the borough of In- of Laws, on which are the remains of verurie. Population in 1790, 886. a fortification, the ftones of which bear marks of vitrification or fufion. ; a village in Durafriesfhire, in the diftrict of Nithfdale, a high hill in remarkable for a wood of oak 6 miles Perthfhire, which lies about 2 or 3 in length. Here is a noble feat of the miles t\T . from the caftle of Blair of Duke of Queenfberry, furrounded by Athol," wooded hills, and adorned by beautiDryie; a river in Dumfriesfhire, ful gardens. In one of the parks, which tiikes its rife in the northern Mr. Gilpin faw a few of the wild cat- diftricl: of the parifh of Hutton, and tle, which anciently inhabited the runs a f.ourfe directly S. of about 11 woods of Scotland. " Thefe animals," miles, ehiptying itfelf into the Annan, fays he, " are milk-white, except their about mid-way between the market nofes, ears, and orbits of their eyes, town of .Lockerbie and the royal bowhich are of a dark brown, approach- rough of i.ochmaben. It is, in modeing to black. They are defcribed by rate weather, a fmall rivulet, clear and old writers as having manes; but theft pure, having in its pools plenty of have none. They refemble the cow trout, and i< few falmon ; but in rainy jn many refpects ; but their form is weather, it comes down fwollen, and rnore elegant, with a fpirited wildnefs with great jjjipidity, driving all before

the neighbouring mountains. There are fome veins of limeftone, but the quality is far from good ; freeftone abounds, and the appearances of coal are fo flattering, that many attempts have been made to difcover it, but hitherto without fu'ccefs. Population in 1792, 450. a parifh in Aber; deenfhire. Its extent is from j to 6 miles in length, and from 4 to 5 in breadth. The furface is compofed of fmall hills and valleys; fome of the

pounty of Peebles. It is about 3 miles in breadth, and extends 12 miles in length, chiefly on the banks of the

Tweed.
plains
;

The

furface
foil

is

beautifully

varied with

hills,

rivulets,
is

and

fertile fertile

and the

of a

DRUMBLADE

DRUMOAK;

DRUMSTURDY

DRUMLANRIG

Drvmuachder;

DRY
it

DUD
it

that to the

is

in its

way

gives
it

name can be
runs,

diftinctly traced near the

town

vale through

which

Dryfefdak, contracted Dry'fdale. a parifh in the county of Stirling. It is of confiderable extent, but the outlines are exceedingly The utmoft length of the irregular. inhabited part is about 15 miles ; but the muirs extend much farther; the In greateft breadth is about 9 miles. ibme places the country is rugged and

DRYMEN;

mountainous;

in others, flat

and

level

but, for the rnoft part, it is an irregular flope, interfered by a number of fmall rapid ftreams, of which the Duchray, the Evrick, and the Forth, are the chief; for the laft is here only an inconfiderable rivulet. Near the church is the village of Drymen, which contains nearly 200 inhabitants, chiefly employed by the manufacturers of Glafgow. This parifh is faid to have been the refideuce of Napier of Merchifton, the celebrated inventor of the logarithms. Population in 179a, 1607. a parifh in the center of the diftricl of Annandale, Dumfriesfhire. It extends about 7 miles in length from N. to S. and The varies in breadth from 1 to 6. fouthern parts are generally flat and well cultivated ; and the upper or northern parts are hilly, and chiefly appropriated for fheep pafture. The whole parifh contains 1100 acres, of which about 600 are under crop. It is watered by the Annan, the Bryfe, the Milk, and the Currie ; all of which a-

DRY'SDALE;

falrnon and their banks afford many fine meadows and rich holm ground, exceedingly productive under proper culture. There are 3 or 4 fmall lakes which afford abundance of excellent marl. The populous town of Lockerbie, through which runs the line of road from London to Glafgow, is fituated en the banks of the Dryfe, in this parifh. From the top of White ivynci or White <tvoo!en hill, the only eminence in the parilh, is an extensive profpect of the Sohvay Frith, and the Englifh border. Whinftone is quarried near the town of- Lockerbie, and there is great abundance of lhneftone.

bound withtrout and

There are a great number of Roman and Britiih encampments, andveftiges of many old carries and ftrone towers, which fhew this diftrict to have been the fcene of much contention and
bloodfhed.

The

gre^t

Roman road

of Lockerbie, and on the other fide of the Dryfe. Population in 1793, 1600. Duchray; a river in Stirlingfhire; one of the mod corfiderable branches of the Forth, which it joins nearly oppofite to the church of Aberfoil. a parifh in ; the county of Edinburgh. It extends from the foot of Arthur's-Seat about 4 miles in length, gradually increafmg in breadth to the eaftern extremity, which is nearly 2 miles broad. There is not a more highly cultivated fpot in Scotland ; for, although the foil is not naturally good, it is fo improved with the ftreet dung from the metropolis (which is diftant only 2 miles) that the enclofures are frill efteemed the beft pafture in the neighbourhood. The village of Wefter Duddingftone, in which the church is fituated, ftands on an eminence under the S. cope of Arthur's-Seat, wafhed on the W. and S. by the lake of Duddingftone, and protected on the N. by the mountain the molt beautiful and piclurefque fcenery expands before it and on every fide ; the magnificent villas of Duddingftone, the feat of the Marquis of Abercorn ; of Preftonfieki, the feat of Sir Alexander Dick ; the rich valleys, the populous villages, and the lake below, the bold bafaltie columns of Arthur's-Seat behind, and the hills of Pentland and Lammermuir, with the diftant fea bounding the profpect compofe a rich and fimfhed landscape. Wefter Duddingftone was formerly a large and populous village, but of late it has much decreafed, and now contains only about 200 inhabitants. Eafter Duddingftone is moftly occupied by coalliers, and contains about 90 inhabitants. The other villages, Portobello and Brickfield, are the moft thriving, though of more recent date; they are fituated on the road from Edinburgh to Muffelburgh, and are much reforted to in the fummer feafon for the benefit of the fea-bathing. Salt has been long prepared in this parifh; and it is calculated, that from the 6 pans, 18,000 bufhels of fait are annually delivered. Coal abounds every where, and the quality is in general excellent, and procures a ready market in the metropolis. The ftrata of limeftone and ironftone 3 which run.

DUDDlNCSTuMi

'

D UF
3J E. and S.
.

DUL
!
j

W.

through the county

of Mid-Lothian, dip into the Frith of Forth, and are faid to be again recognifed on the oppofite coaft of Fife. In the freeftooe quarries on the coaft, many of the crevices are found contairiw.gpetroleum or rock pitch, and fine
Specimens of oxj/d of manganefe ; clay found near the village of Brickfield, of fo pure a kind, that it has been made into crucibles, capable of refilling a great degree of heat, and, from its excellence, a manufacture of ftoneware, fimilar to that of StafFordihire, has been fet on foot. Near the limeftone itrata, curious and rare petrifactions of plants and trees, have been found j fome of them plainly formed of reeds and exotic plants, now known to be indigenous in the tropical regions only. Small pieces of chalcedony, porphyry, and agatej, are found on the coaft. Marl abounds in Duddingftoneloch, and is occasionally
is

That cjrcurnftance is the great caufe of the unfavourable

provements. appearance of a country naturally rich. The fifhing village of Burghead or Broughhead, is iituated on the coafl: of this parifh. On the S. and W. boundaries there are many acres of
thriving plantation. Along the coaft are freeftone quarries, and quarries of limeftone, a treafure in agriculture

which is unfortunately locked up for want of fuel. The want of good roads is ieverely felt. There is an obehflc near the fmall village of Kaim, faid to have been erected om account of the victory gained by Malcolm II. over the Danifh general Camus ; and,, on the N. W. border of the lake of Spynie, on an artificialmound.are ftill Handing the walls of an old caftie, called Old Duffus
it is furrounded with orchards, ; and, Handing in the midft of a charming plain, prefents at every point of view a picturefque and intereiling landfcape. The village of DufFus is regularly built, having a fquare with a church in the center, and four ftreets leading from it, regularly paved, faid to be the workmanihip of fome of

wrought. The

botanift, in this diftrict,

will find great fcope for the gratification of his tafte : the bafe of Arthur'sSeat, and Duddingftone loch, are faid

to contain
plants,

many rare and curious which have yet eluded all reIn 1794, the number of amounted to 910.
in-

fearches. habitants

Cromwell's

foldiers,

who were

fettled

BUFFTJS ; a parifh in the county of Moray. It extends 5 miles in length of Sky. Vide Sky. from E. to W. along the S. coaft of DULL ; an extenfive Highland pathe Moray Frith, and is from 2 to 3 rifh in Perthfhire ; is about 30 miles miles ia breadth. Except a fmall in length, and 12 in breadth, interriling ground in the middle of the fected by other parifhes fo much, that parifh, it is a continued plain, which it is impoffible to deferibe the exact is every where arable. Along the coafl form. It is divided into 5 diftricts, there is a fandy plain of half a mile in one of which, Appin, is an open flat breadth, covered with a meagre, green, haugh, on the banks of the Tay ; the benty pafture all this ground had reft of the parifh exhibits a mountainformerly been a rich cultivated foil, ous appearance, interfperfed with but for many years has been overblown tracts of arable ground. There are with fand from the weftern fhore. 15 lakes in the parifh, all of which The fand has now ceafed to blow, abound with trout, pike, and eel ; of and the proprietors have hopes of re- thefe loeh Tummel is the moft eonfigaining their rich ground, by the life derable. The rivers Tay and Tumof the fpade or trench plough. The mel run through the dhtrict, forming reft of the parifh is a fertile clay foil, in their courfe feveral fine cafcades. capable of producing any fort of grain. Sheep-farming is chiefly attended to, Agriculture is in a very low ftate; the of which there are annually reared old plan of inceflant tillage, without upwards of 20,000. Fuel is exceedreft to the ground, ftill prevails, and ingly fearce, as the peats are bad and enelofures are nowhere to be feeu, at a great diftance there are fome apexcept in the neighbourhood of gen- pearances of coal, but as yet none has tlemens feats. But, it is no wonder been difcovered. The great military that farming is not advanced ; the te- road from Stirling to invernefs pailes nant either has no leafe, or the leafe through the whole length of the parifh. o Ihort to allow him to make im- Here are a great many druidical ten>
: :

here. Population in 1794, 1500. DUIRNIStf ; a parifh in the ifland

1)
ptes.

UM
caftles or

D U

neighbourhood require Supplies of dIn the district of Ffn- ther neceSSaries from the farmer. UpWatclJ towers. caftle alone, are no fewer than the wards of 12,000 acres are covered rains of ij of them. The mountains with natural wood, and there are are moftly compofed of granite, of a many fine lakes or lochs, of which red or brown colour. Population in Loch Lomond is the chief vide Lomond (Loch.) Dumbartonshire con1791, 4676. DUMBARTONSHIRE, or, as it tains one royal borough, Dumbarton,
;

and a great number of

called, the fhire of extends in length about 40 It is miles, and in breadth about 23. bounded on the N. by Argyllshire on the E. by the counties of Perth and Stirling ; on the S. by the river Clyde, and part of Lanarkshire ; and on he W. by an arm of the fea, called Loch Long. The greater part of the county is covered with heathy hills, which are now afTuming a more luxuriant appearance, fince the introduction of Sheep. Many of the mountains are elevated to a great height, Benlomond meafuring 3158' feet above the The ridge, of which level of the fea. Benlomond is a part, is the beginning of that exteniive ridge which crofles the country from this place to the E. coaft at Aberdeen, called the Grampians. The lower grounds, which lie on the banks of Loch Lomond, the river Clyde and the Leven, are not fo fertile as the correfponding parts of fome of the neighbouring counties notwithstanding which, it is agreeably The diverfified, and well inhabited. banks of the Leven, in particular, are covered with numerous bleachfields, printfields, and cotton works, giving employment to thoufands ; while the villages erected for the accommodation of the workmen, the hamlets, and elegant feats, cannot fail to imprefs the mind with high ideas of the wealth, the induflry, the public fpirit, and the happinefs of the inhabitants. Agriculture in this county has been
iv.is

anciently

Several thriving rnanufa&uringvillagcs,

Lennox,

divided into 12 parishes, conin all 18,408 inhabitants. There are many elegant feats, of which Rofedoe, the feat of Sir James Colquhoun, and Buchanan, the feat of the Duke of Montrofe, are the principal ; but Mr. Smollet of Bonhiil, Lord ElphinStone at Cumbernauld, and Lord Stonefield at Caitle-

and

is

taining

Leven, poSiefs beautiful feats. Dumbarton contains few-valuable minerals

and Slate are abundant and Some places are found limeStone, ironftone, and coal : many of the mountains are apparently volcanic j in particular, the rock on which DumfreeStone
in
;

barton-caftle

is

built.

The

valued

rent of Dumbarton is 33,337!. Scots, and the real land rent is about 34,250!*
Sterling.

the county town of Dumbartonshire, is a royal borough, and one of the moSt ancient of the towns of Scotland. It is faid to have been cuce the capital of a kingdom of the Britons, established in the vale of the Clyde, and to have been one of the feats of Fingal, called in the poems of OSlian, the tower of Balclutha. Alcluid was indeed the name of this ancient capital of the Straibclydenfes r

DUMBARTON,

but whether

feat of the prefent

Situated on the town, or confined within the precincts of the caStle, cannot be exactly afcertained. Dumbarit

was

ton

rather neglected, and little attention has been paid to it till within thefe few years ; but the public fpirit has of late been roufed to this moSt ufeful

and important occupation

and

the county of Dumbarton, which is capable of much improvement, is faft

advancing in agricultural progrefs. The farmers here, indeed, pofTefs numerous advantages ; being near a feaport town, where every article bears the higheft price, they find a ready market for their corn ; and the numerous inhabitants in the immediate

is very fmall, built upon the eastern bank of the Leven, which almoft encircles it. The greater part of the buildings are old, and the principal Street has an air of decayed grandeur. It was erected into a royal borough by Alexander II. in the year 1221, and declared to- be free of all impofrs and borough taxes ; but, notwithstanding this material advantage, and the ex-

cellent

harbour
in

it

pofleSTes, it is

by no

a flourishing State.- This feems principally owing to the corporation laws, which prevent Strangers from working at their trades, without paying high fees of entry. Monopolies

means

DUM
of this kind are always injurious, as well to the corporation itfelf as to the place, and ought certainly to be abolifhed

BUM
ans long before the Britons, and that it refilled all the efforts of Agricola to reduce it. The venerable Bede informs us, that it was the ftrongeft fortification in the kingdom in his time, and deemed almoft impregnable ; it was reduced by famine in the year 756, by Egbert King of Northumberland, and taken by efcalade in the year 155 1. The rock feems to have been anciently a volcano : the fides are compofed of rude bafaltic columns, of which huge mafies have been broken off, and fallen to the bottom, by the injuries of time. Many parts of the rock are ftrongly magnetic, caufing the compafs to vary at a confiderable diftance : indeed, this circumftance was long fince noticed by Buchannan, (Scot. Hilt. lib. xx.lect. a 8.), butwasnever accurately examined, until Profeffbr Anderfon of Glafgow afcertained the powers of ,,each part, and marked the variation of the poles. The Scots thiftle, a rare plant, is found here in great abundance. As the caftle of Dumbarton commands the navigation of the Clyde, and is the key of the weftern Highlands, the fortifications are generally kept in repair. It is garrifoned by a governor, lieutenantgovernor, a fort-major, fubaltern officers, and a company of invalids. The government is faid to be worth 700I.
.

indeed, there are few towns which have attained any coniiderable eminence, where trade is thus fettered. There is a confiderable glafshoufe, which employsabout 15c hands and fome idea may be conceived of the extent of this manufacture, from the amount of the duties to government, which are on an average 3800I. fterling per annum. This place is exceedingly well adapted for manu:

on account of its fituaand from its being well fupplied with fuel at a cheap
factures, both

tion on the Clyde,

rate.

Dumbarton anciently gave title of Earl to a branch of the family of Douglas. It contains about 1900 inhabitants.

nearly cirabout i\ miles : the furface is flat, and the foil fertile, but mallow, inclining to gravel. The Clyde wafhes it on the S. and the Leven on the W. both of which contain excellent trout and falrhon. The caftle of Dumbarton lies at a fmall diftance from the town, on the point of land formed by the junction of the Clyde and Leven ; it is fituated on the top of a rock, which prefents a picturefque objefi: : the rock divides about the middle, and forms two fummits : the fides are craggy, and the buildings upon it, though net of themfelves beautiful, have a good effect, and, as Mr. Gilpin obferves, " ferve to give it an air of confequence." The fortrefs is entered by a gate at the bottom ; and within the rampart, which defends the entrance, is the guard-houfe, and lodgings for the officers ; from hence the afcent is by a long flight of ftone fteps to the part where the rock divides : here is a ftrong battery, barracks for the garrifon, and a refervoir always filled with water : above thefe, on the lower fummit, are feveral batteries, which command a molt extenfive range. According to Pennant, the Britons, in very early times, made this rock a fortrefs, it being ufual for them, after the departure of the Romans, to retire to the tops of craggy inacceflible mountains, to forefts, and to rocks on the fides of rivers, or the fhores of the fea. Boethius, however, aflerts, that it was poflefled by the Caledoniparifti is

The

cular, having a diameter of

per annum.

DUMBLANE, or ; an ancient town in the weftern. diftrict of the county of Perth. It was firft a cell of Culdees, and afterwards was erected into a bifhopric. The town is pleafantly fituated on the banks of the river Allan, and contains about 1200 inhabitants. Thecathedral ftands on an eminence, on the eaftern bank of the Allan, and overlooks the town;
it 1

DUNBLANE

was founded by King David

in

To this fee were annexed 142. confiderable revenues in Scotland, befides lands it poflefled in England.. The cathedral is unroofed, and going to decay ; yet is venerably grand, becaufe much of its ruins ftill remain. The choir is kept in repair as the paend are 32rochial church ; at the

W.

prebends

ftalls,

and on the N. of the

entrance to the cathedral, the bifhop's feat, and the dean's, both of oak, and handfomely carved. The length of the building is 216 feet, the breadth 76, the height of the walls 50, and of the

DUM
tower, which is a Dr. Robert Leighton was ing, 128. confecrated Bifhop of Dumblane in he bequeathed his valuable 1662 library for the ufe of the clergy of the diocefe of Dumblane, with funds for Since that time, it has its Support.
build:

UM

more modern

received many additions, and is now a moil valuable collection. The parifh of Dumblane extends about 9 miles in length, and 6 in breadth. The ground in general has a gradual declivity from the Surrounding hills to the river Allan, which runs through the parifh, giving the name of Strathallan to a considerable tract of land along the Upwards of one half of the river. parilb is muir land, covered with heath, or with a Swampy bottom. The arable land is iituated principally on the banks of the Allan, and of the fmall rivulet Ardoch, which runs along the weftern border. There is a great extent of natural wood, and feveral plantations of fir. Near Kippencrofs is a plane tree, faid to be one of thelargeft
in

and pleafant. The higlieft range or mountains borders with Lanarkfliire ; thele are of very great extent, forming a waving and irregular ridge acrols the country, from the one coaft to the other, including the mountains of Carrick on the one hand, and the great ridge of Selkirkshire and Lammermuir on the other. Thefe hills (the property of which is divided between the Dukes of Buccleugh and Queenhberry, and Lord Douglas) afford pafture to innumerable flocks of flieep and black cattle ; many thoufands of which are
annually exported to England. Defending into the vales, the furface becomes more agreeable, and the country is in a high ftate of cultivation ; its face is diverhlied with lofty Swelling knolls,
level

hOufes,
is

meadows, gentiemens feats, farm cottages, open lawns, and wooded eminences ; the greater part
walls,

enclofed with ht dge-rows or (tone and the produce in wheat, oats,

is far more "than fufflcient confumpt of the inhabitants*

and barley,
for the

Scotland;

its

trunk

is

about 72

There are Several pits feet in girth. of excellent marl ; lime and Coal are diftant about 8 or 10 miles. The Sheriff muir,

Molt of the proprietors here have the wildom to deal more liberally with
their tenants than the landlords in other parts of the kingdom ; they give leafess

on which was fought the

fa-

17 15, between the royal forces under the Duke of Argyll, and the rebel army under the command of the Earl of Marr, is dill ant a few miles from the town. Dumblane is a Scottish peerage, by the title of Vifcount in the perfon of
battle in

mous

November

the Duke of Leeds. I793> 2750

Population

in

DUMFERMLINE.
DUMFRIES-SHIRE
is

Vide

Dun-

fermline.
bounded on
the N. by Lanarkfliire ; on the E. by the counties of Peebles, Selkirk, and Roxburgh ; on the S. by the Solway Frith, and the marches of England ; and on the W. by the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, and part of the county of Ayr. It comprehends 3 districts or ftewartries, viz. Annandale, Eikdale or Wauchopedale, and Nithfdale through each of which runs a river, from whence the district derives its great part of the county is name. mountainous, overfpread with heath, 'and well Stocked with game of all kinds ; but the valleys, through which the ESk, the Annan, the Nith, and other livers run, are extremely fertile

of aconliderable length, and arepleafed to fee their tenants in confortable circumstances : fame of the proprietors, indeed, who are either incapable of discerning their true interefts, or through an opprefiive defire to retain the peafantry, as near as poffible, in the flavifh, deftitute condition of the ancient vaffalage, refufe any. length of leafe,and require fuch exorbitant rents, that it is barely poffible the tenant can do juftice to the improvement of land, and absolutely impoffible he can become rich and independent. In this county, the ufe of lime as a manure has been of the molt material advantage, and has turned the attention of the farmer more to agriculture than to pafturage, and much of the land

which was formerly wafte and unprofitable, has of late years affumed a verdant and fruitful appearance. In ancient times, Dumfriesshire was inhabited by the Sc-igova?, a tribe of the Cumbri, the molt ancient inhabitants of the middle and Southern parts of the iiland ; they were found by the

Romans in this part of the country, when they established the province of
Volenti, whichextended from Adrian's

UM
Scotland,
j j

UM
;

wall between the Tyne and Solway, to the wall of Antoninus between the Clyde and Forth. After the Romans had relinquished Britain, a new kingdom, founded by Ida and the Angles, in 5 4 7 , fpread its authority from Northumberland and Cumberland, over the fouthern and weftern diftrict of ValenThefe, again, were difplaced by tia. the Picts about the beginning of the 9th century, who, penetrating from the N. and N. E. difmembered Galloway and Dumfriesfhire from theNorth-

we may mention that, at Drumlanrig, are ftill to be feen a few of the wild cattle which anciently inhabited the

woods of Scotland

(yide

umbrian monarchy, and

fairly

efta-

bliihed themfelves. in thefe diftricts. Dumfriesfhire extends in length from to S. E. about 60 miles, and is N. about ,30 miles at its greateft breadth.

W.

It contains 4 royal

boroughs,

Dum-

FRIES,ANNAN,SANQUHAR,andL0CHmaben, feveral fmall towns and vilis divided into 42 parochial containing in all 52,329 inhabitants. Dumfries contains many elegant feats, of which Drumlanrig-, the feat of the Duke of Queenfberry, is the chief: Comlongan-caftle, the feat of the Earl of Mansfield; Barjarg, the refidence of Mr. Hunter ; Amisneld, are the feat of the Earl of Wemyfs alfo beautiful manfions-. Few counties in Scotland poffefs more valuable, or more numerous minerals than DumThe hills, which border friesfhire. with Clydefdale, contain valuable lead mines, very rich in fiber ; and many other parts of the county poflefs mines of the fame metal. Coal and

lages,

and

diftricls,

limeftone are found in moil parifhes of Dumfriesfhire ; and excellent freefcone is alfo abundant. In the parifhes of Penpont, Kirkmichael, and Canoby, are indications of iron ; in Langholm,

copper is wrought ; and in Wefterkirk, on the eftate of Sir James Johnftone, a valuable mine of antimony has been lately difcovered. Much of the
limeftone receives a polifh equal to the marble, and many of the fprings contain diflblved a fmall quantity of lime, giving them a petrifying quaBefides the mineral fprings of lity. Moffat and Hartfell Spaw, there are a great many wells, which contain meThe tallic or mineral impregnation. rivers abound with trout and ialmon, and on the fhores of the Solway Frith, the polypus or animal flower is freIn addition to the quently found. animals common to other parts of
fineft

valued rent of Dumfriesfhire is 158,627k 10s. Scots, and the real rent may be eftimated about 109,700k fterling. DUMFRIES a royal borough, and county town of the fhire of the fame name. It is fituated on the river Nith, about 9 miles above where it difcharges itfelf into the Solway Frith. In the 12th century it was a place of fome confideration a bridge was thrown over the Nith, fome religious houfes were eftablifhed, and a caftle was built ; and thus the fifhing of the river, the coneourfe of paffengers drawn hither by the bridge, the religious eftablifhments, and the fecurity afforded by the caftle, concurred to draw together a community, and to form a city. While England and Scotland were feparate kingdoms, Dumfries was a place of ftrength, where the Scots borderers retired from the hoftile incurfions of the Englim. The noble family of Maxwell, Lords Herries and Earls of Nithfdale, were poffeflbrs of the caftle, and in fome meafure lords of the town ; and when this family was attainted, through, miftaken loyalty and religion, the town feemed to have fuffered for a while by its decline. With the advantages of fituation, which it poffefles, it could never fink into a very low condition ; fince the beginning of the laft century, it has made gradual advances in wealth and population. The principal ftreet extends full three quarters of a mile, the whole length of the town, in a direction parallel to the Nith ; towards the middle of the town it is nearly 100 feet in width ; befides this, there are 8 other ftreets, with bylanes, making the breadth of the town from a quarter to a third of a mile. The houfes are in general handfome, and have a light and airy appearance ; the fituation of the town, riling gradually on the E. bank of the river, is beautiful and advantageous. Except the infirmary, Dumfries can boaft of no remarkable or magnificent public In a fquare, nearly in the buildings. middleof the town, an handfome Doric column perpetuates the memory of the late Duke of Queenfberry, one of the
;

Drumlanrig.)

The

DU

D U

greateft benefactors of the town. The perfon who hits or fhoots- neareft it, induftry of the town is employed chief- returns to town decorated with the ly for the accommodation of the inha- gun, and other injlgnia of victory, and bitants of the town, and the circumja- the day concludes with a foeial entercent country ; and pofleffes no confi- tainment. Dumfries gives title of Earl derable manufacture, nor extenfive to the chief of the family of Crichcommercial tranfactions, though almoft ton. It is iituated 75 miles S. W. of every branch of mechanical and com- Edinburgh, and contain salxnit 6000 inmercial induftry is praclifed. It has % habitants. The pariih of Dumfries is 6 annual fairs, which are, perhaps, more miles in length, and from ?, to 3 in refortedto than any marketsinthefouth breadth, lying on the E. bank of the of Scotland.. On the other fide of the river Nith. The tract of country may Nith is a large village called Bridgend, be confidered as an extenfive vale, which is connected to the town by a fpreading from the N. W. towards ridge of low narrow bridge of 9 arches ; the toll the Solway Frith. collected at which amounts to up- hills, indeed, rifes at the S. E. end of wards of 2qo\. per annum. Dumfries the town, and runs S. and E. nearly is governed by a provoft, 3 bailies, in the direction of the river ; thefe and merchants and trades counfellors, hills, and the hills which bound the annually elected. The affizes for the plain, are either cultivated to the fumcounty of Dumfries and the ftewartry mit, or planted with clumps of wood of Kirkcudbright are held in the town and the whole fcene is picturefque in twice a year ; and it is the feat of the a high degree. The foil towards the commiffary court, of the fherifFs court, N. E. is a reddifh earth, on a freeftone andthefeatoftheprefbyteryandfynod. bottom ; and towards the S. is in geDumfries is perhaps a place of higher neral a pretty .ftrong clay. Near the gaiety and elegance than any other confines, on the N. E. lies Locker mofs, town of its fize in Scotland. The an extenfive morafs, interfered by proportion of the inhabitants, who Locher water ; it is a dead flat, exare defcended of refpe&able families, tending to the Solway Frith at leaft and have received a liberal education, 10 miles in length ; it appears to have been once an inlet from that arm of is greater here than any other place in this part of the ifland ; thefe give, in the fea ; for a ftratum of fea fand is confequence, a more elevated and po- found at a certain depth, and pieces lifhed tone to the manners and gene- of veffels and anchors have been dug The up. The improvements in agriculral character of the inhabitants. citizens of Dumfries are fond of po- ture of late years have been very great, lite amufements : they have a well at- and feveral plantations of oak, elm, tended theatre, and regular afiemblies. and other trees, have been lately made The amufements of the town, the ad- out ; around the town are numerous vantages which its excellent fchools enclofures, furrounded with trees, afford for education, its convenient which have a delightful effect. The and healthy fituation, allure many of river Nith produces faimon and other the inferior gentry from the neigh- fifh. in great abundance ; and fifheries bouring counties, to fpend in it a great to confiderable extent are carried on, part of the year. The Dumfries and on the banks of the Frith. In the Galloway hunt meet annually here, middle of Locber mofs is a ftrong chaand roufe the town to feflivity ; and lybeate fp ring, called Crichton' s nvell the Caledonian hunt fometimes hold and, about a mile E. of the town, is a King craig or rock, curioufly hollowed, their meetings in the place. James VI. in one of his journeys to known by the name of the MaidenEngland, prefented to the trades of bower Craig, faid to have been famous Dumfries a fmall lllver tube, like a in the days of druidifm, and to have piftol barrel, called the fd<ver gun, received its name from being the fcene with his royal licenfe to ihoot for it of fome rites practifed as the teft of every year. At that feftival they are virginity.' The late Dr. Ebenezer Gilmuttered in bands, under the colours chrift, a phyfician of the firft eminence, of their refpective corporations, and and highly diftinguiihed in literature, march to a convenient fpet without was a native of this parifh ; as were the town, to ihoot at a mark : the alio Dr. Wight, profeflbr of divinity

'

D
in

UN
the Frith
plished,
;

DUN
if

Glafgow, and Mr. Andrew Crofbie, advocate ; men whofe talents do honour to their profeffion. Population of Dumfries parifh (including the town of Dumfries) in 1791, about 7000. ; a parifh in the county of Angus. It is iituated on the road from Brechin to Montrofe, from which

this fhould

be accom-

Dunbarwould foon rival many

DUN

towns

it is nearly equidiftant ; its extent in length is about 4 miles each way. The furface .is level, and the

foil rich

and

fertile.

The

river South-

efk runs through the pariih, over which there is a handfome bridge of 3 arches, erected in the year 1787. There is a good falmon fifhing upon the river, which contains alfo a few
trout.

Population in 1793, 500; in 3801, 651. a royal borough, and parifh, in the county of Haddington. The town is centrical! y fituated be-

DUNBAR

Tweed, being

tween Edinburgh and Berwick on diftant 27 miles from

of the greateft towns in the kingdom, principal trade carried on at prefent is the exportation of corn, of which there is exported annually about 10,000 quarters. There is a rope-work in the town, and another at Weft Barns, about a mile diftant, where about 100 tons of ropes are yearly manufactured : there is alio a large and convenient dry dock. A number of fifhing boats are fitted out from this town. The parifh of Dunbar extends about 9 miles along the coaft, and is at a medium nearly 2 miles in breadth. The face of the country is very pleafant, riling gradually from the coaft, which is generally low and fandy : from the backgrounds the profpect is extenfive and delightful, exhibiting a variety of ftriking objects, North Berwick Law and

The

each. It ftands on a gentle eminence, at the bottom of the fmall bay, or harbour of Dunbar. The principal ftreet is broad and fpacious, and the houfes, which are moftly new, have an elegant appearance. It is well fupplied with faft water, brought about 2 miles by leaden pipes; it was erected into a royal borough by a charter from David II. fometime about the middle of the 14th century, all the privileges of which it ftill enjoys ; it is governed by a provoft, 3 bailies, a treafurer, and 15 counfellors ; the revenue amounts to nearly 500I. per annum ; it has a fuburb or village, within the royalty, called Belhaven, near which the harbour was originally built : the eajl pier of the prefent harbour was begun during the proteetorfhip of

Tantallan-caftle, the Bafs, the Ifle of May, the Frith of Forth, with the oppolite coaft of Fife, and the mountains

Cromwell, who granted 300I. towards defraying the expence ; it was ftill, however, very imperfect, and capable
.

of receiving a few fmall vefi els: though has fince been much improved at incredible labour and expence, yet it is fmall and of difficult accefs ; it is defended by a battery of 1 2 guns, of 9, It has been 12, and 18 pounders. propofed by government to improve the harbour ftill farther, and to make Dunbar the ftation of a fleet, for the defence of the eaftern coaft of Scotland, Leith roads, however fafe, having this inconvenience, that with an pafterly wind no veffel can get out of
it

of Angus. The foil is rich, and perhaps the moft fertile in Scotland it is partly a deep loam, partly clay, and partly a light mould moft of the fields are enclofed with ftone dykes or thorn hedges. The farmers are generally opulent and refpectable, and are always ready to adopt any plan which tends to improvement. The parifh is watered by 2 fmall rivers, the Tyne and the Biel, which fall into the fea near the town. Befides the town, and its fuburb Belhaven, there are 4 confiderable villages. Broxmouth, a feat of the Duke of Roxburgh, and Lochend, the feat of Sir Peter Warrender, are in the parifh befides, the Earl of Lauderdale, Mr. Hamilton of Bangour, Mr. Hay of Belton, and Mr. Anderfon of Winterfield, have beautiful and elegant feats. The venerable ruins of the caftle of Dunbar are juftly efteemed a remarkable piece of antiquity ; the date of its erection is quite unknown; it has been extenfive, built upon feveral rocks, within fea mark, and, before the ufe of artillery, it was deemed impregnable ; it was always efteemed a place of great national importance, as the key of Scotland on the E. border it has often been befieged, and often bravely defended. Here Edward of England took refuge after his total defeat at Bannockburn, and to
; :
:

DUN
this cattle

DUN
and
left

Bothwell

fled

Mary,

after the unfortunate battle of Carberry

The caftle was afterwards till. demoliihed by order of the Scottiih parliament. In this parifh is part of

Down hill, famous for the encampment

of General Leflie and the Scottiih army, the night before their defeat at
the battle ofD unbar. There is plenty of limeftone in the parifh. On fhore pebbles are frequently found, and near the harbour is a fine fpecimen of martial jafper, which takes a Very fine poHere are frequently found thofe liih. beautiful fpecimens of ge'ddes orfeptaria, iron ore, generally termed the geodes of Dunbar. Population return-

a royal borough in the county of Angus or Forfar, feated on the N. bank of the river Tay, about 12 miles from its mouth, in 56 27' 23'' N. latitude, and 3 2' W. longitude from Greenwich. It is a large and well built town, confifting of feveral
ftreets,

DUNDEE;

diverging in every direction

from the market-place or high-ftreet, which is a fpac'ious fquare 360 feet long by 100 feet broad. On the S. fide
of this fquare ftands the Town-hoitfe, an elegant ftruclure, with a handfomc front, adorned with piazzas below, and overtopped by a neat fpire 140 feet in height: this building, which was finifhed in 1734, contains the guild hall, the court room, townclerk's office, with vaulted repofitories for the town records, and apartments for the Dundee Banking Company's office : the prifon occupies the upper ftory, and does much honour to the feelings of the magiftrates,underwhofe aufpices it was erected, the rooms being well aired and commodious, and at the fame time perfectly fecure. At the E. end of the fquare, the incorporated trades have erected an elegant Trades' hall, with a fuperb front of Ionic pilafters, and a neat cupola the lower flat is occupied by fhops, and the upper flat contains rooms for each incorporation, and a large hall for general meetings, which is now occupied as a fubfeription coffee-room, on the moft liberal and extenfive plan. Oppofite to the Trades' hall, in the W. end of the fquare, a neat Epifcopal chapel has been lately built. At the S. E. corner of the fquare, about 100 feet from the Trades' hall, ftood the caftle-hill, fo called from the ancient
It was compofed entirely of a hard bafaltic whinftone, and has lately been quarried away at a great expence, and a fine fpacious ftreet, called CajlleJlreet, has been opened to the harbour.

ed to
ftridt

Sir

John

Sinclair, .-5700.

a parifh in the di; of Stratherne, Perthfhire. It extends about 4 .miles in length, and 3 in breadth ; it takes in the moft beautiful part of the ftrath, and is enclofed, as it were, on all fides, having the Ochils on the S. the hill of Mvrdun or Moncrief en the N. and is bounded on the W. by rifing grounds, interfered by the river Erne in its various windings. The grounds are every where covered with plantation, belts, avenues, and hedge-rows ; and the great road to Perth running through the parifh by the fide of the river, with the nu-

DUNBARNY

merous ornamented feats interfperfed, form a moft delightful landfcape. The view from the top of the hill of Moncrlef h fo grand, extenfive, and various, that Mr. Pennant has given it the name of " the glory of Scotland." The foil varies from clay to a loam and light
is in general very fertile. a fmall village at the bridge of Erne, which, from its fituation, promifes to become confiderable. Pitkeathly, fo famous for its mineral waters, is in this parifh ; (vide Pitkeathly.) In 1792, the number of inhabitants was 1250.

land,

but
is

There

caftle.

DUMBARTON.
ton.

Vide

Dumbar- A

; a parifh in the county of Fife ; lies in a valley between 2 hills, having an extenfive bog or morafs, from which it takes its name. The ground is in general wet and cold, but the greater pai't is arable and proper for the culture of wheat. The extent of the parifh is from 3 to 3^ miles in length, and about 2 in breadth. Population in 1791, 235 ; in 1801, 232.

DUNBOG

from the great fmall diftance fquare, is the old church, in which were- originally 4 places of worfhip, and when entire had been a very magnificent building, with a large fquare Gothic tower or fteeple 156 feet high, end of the church ; it is faid at the to have been erected by David F;arl

W.

W.

of Huntingdon,

in

1189, and dedicated

to the Virgin Mary, in gratitude for his deliverance from fhipwreck, in which he had nearly perifhed withal

DUN

DUN
;

Sghtof the town, oa his return from the of the greateft burden ; upwards of On an eminence near 120. vefiels belong to the port, emthird croifade. the ftreet called the Coivgat'e, the in- ploying nearly 1000 feamen of thefe corporated trades, in conjunction with vefiels % are employed in the Greenthe kirk-feifion, have built St.Andrews land fifhery, and 11 in the London church, with a fine fpire 1.39 feet high, trade, one of which fails every 3 or exhibiting one of the pureft fpecimens 4 days, with good accommodation of modern architecture there is a for paffengers the reft are employed neat entry to the church by a broad in the Baltic and foreign trade. It is gravel walk, with graft plots and calculated, that there are entered at fiirahberies, laid out in the moft ex- the cuftornhoufe of Dundee, cargoes About a mile from the annually to upwards of 80,000 tons. cellent ftyle. town, on the rifing ground towards The magiftrates have been lately, and She hill of Dundee, is Dudhope-cojlle, indeed ftill are, employed in enlarging an ancient building, lately converted and fitting up the harbour, fo as to into barracks, for the accommodation render it of eafy accefs, and commof a complete regiment : the wards dious it is now fo convenient, that for the men occupy the old building, travellers with their horfes can get and a new and elegant building has over to Fife at any time of the tide, fceen juft fitted up for the officers and a fufficient number of ferry-boats there is an extenfive parade in front are always in readinefs. The Tay, f the officers barracks, and a large oppofite to Dundee, is about z\ miles Meld for exercife immediately behind. broad, and being fheltered by the Dundee a ^ nas a Sailors ball, which high lands on each fide, affords a fafe is often ufed for afiemblies, and a road to veffels of any burden, where theatre, where a. party of the Edin- they may lie at anchor till the tide burgh comedians exhibit for feveral admits them into the harbour. Clofe months during the Edinburgh vaca- by the quay, 3 large public wareThere are many friendly focie- houfes have been built, befides nution. merous warehoufes belonging to inSies, for the fupport of poor members and an infirmary, has been lately built, dividuals. The principal and ftaple
:

fugar-boufe was eftablifhed fome time ago, but was given up on account of fome difagreement among the partners ; it has been lately refumed, and is now earned on to good account. The great trade of Dundee has given rife to a private banking companies, befides a branch of the bank of Scottheir own property, and every ftreet land ; and, it is faid, that a new comhaving a public well of excellent water pany is immediately to be eftablifhed, conveyed in leaden pipes. The har- on a more liberal and extenfive fcale. bour is advantageoufly fituated for There is alfo a Dundee infurance comtrade, admitting eafily trading vefiels pany againft loffes by fire, with a great

for the reception of indigent fick years ago a difpenfary was eftaMifhed, under the patronage of Lord Douglas, one of the principal benefactors : this charity is now united to the infirmary, where the poor receive medicines gratuitoufiy, by prefenting a recipe from the attendant phyfician. fpirit for literature and education manifefts itfelf in Dundee; for, befides the public grammar fchool, and the Englifh fchools, which are well fupplied with good teachers, there is juft eftablifhed an academy, or rather college, for mathematics, the French and Italian languages, and the polite arts, with proper profeffors in the different branches, and a large apparatus for natural and experimental philofophy. Moft of the ftreets of Dundee are neat, and the houfes well built, but the new ftreets are fpacious and elegant. The town is well fupplied with water, many families having draw-wells on

many

manufacture is linen, of various kinds ofnaburghs and other coarfe linens, for foreign markets, are manufactured, fuppofed to the annual amount of i8o,oool. and canvas or fail-cloth, which has of late been the chief manufacture, the demand for that article being greatly increafed in time of war befides thefe,a confiderable quantityof fack-cloth and cotton bagging is annually made for exportation. Several cot-

ton works, have been attempted, but have not been fuccefsful. The Dundee coloured threads have been long in high repute : indeed, it was here that

manufacture was

firft

eftablifhed.

D
Capital.

UN

DUN

ancient name of Dundee fortifications ftill -remain at the Cowwas Aleclum or Alec, but is faid to have gate port. It had an old caftle, whicl? been changed at the time of the found- was demolifhed by the famous Sir ation of St. Mary's church by the Earl William Wallace, who received fais of Huntingdon, to Dondie, a contrac- education in the town. The caftle tion of daman Dei, expreffive of his had proved very ufeful to Edward L gratitude for his miraculous efcape ; when he put a garrifon into it to overothers afcribe it to Dim Tay, " the hill awe the inhabitants ; and Wallace of Tay ;" but etymologies of names getting poffeffion, ordered it to be are at beft unfatisfactory, and feldom deftroyed, left it fhould fall again into Though it was only erected the hands of the Englifh. This treatufeful. into a royal borough by King Wil- ment fo exafperated Edward, that, liam, it appears to have enjoyed many taking the town by ftorm, he Jet fire immunities and privileges previous to to it; and many of the inhabitants, the reign of that prince : but, as all who had taken refuge in the churches the records and evidences of its an- were burnt, along with their mofi It was again taken cient rights were either deftroyed, or valuable effects. carried off by Edward I. of England, and burnt by Richard II. and agaia application was made to Robert Bruce, by the Englifh in the days of Edward It fuffered greatly during the after he had obtained free pofiefnon VI. of his kingdom,that thefe rights fhould troubles of Charles II. and the uiurpbe recognifed. In confequence of this ation of Oliver Cromwell ; being fomeapplication, Robert appointed 2 com- times under one matter, and fornemiilioners for recognifing the rights times at the mercy of another. It wasof theburgefiesofDund.ee, by a charter taken by ftorm by the Marquis of dated at Aberbrothock the 2 2d day of Montrofe ; and the. laft and molt -deJune, in the 20th year of his reigo. ftructive fiege, when it was taken by The commiflioners accordingly re- affault, and completely pillaged by paired to Dundee, and having exam- General Monk. At this time, fo great ined witneffes, found full and com- were the riches of Dundee, that every plete evidence, " that the burgeffes of private foldier in Monk's army had Dundee enjoyed in times of former 60L fterling of plunder to his fhare, kings the fame privileges with thofe The parifli of Dundee is extenfive, of any other molt favoured and dif- being 6 miles from E. to W. along tinguiihed town of Scotland." On this the banks of the Tay ; its breadth recognition, King Robert granted to varies from 1 to 4. The foil is in the town an infeftment and charter, general uneven, but many places are granting " to the burgeffes, their heirs abundantly fertile, and the appearan'.--.; and fucceffors for ever, all the liberties is beautiful, particularly the S. Hope and rights of which they were poffeiTed towards the Tay. The law or hill in the time of Lord William King of of Dundee is fituated on the N. fide Scots, of bleffed memory, before the of the town, rifing in a conical fhape fame William conferred the faid bo- to the height of 525 feet above the lerough on his brother David." Thefe vel of the Tay ; on its fummit are the rights appear to have been confirmed diftinet veftiges of a fortification, which and enlarged by fucceflive charters tradition afcribes to Edward I. On from many other princes, and finally the lands of Balgay are large rocks of confirmed by the Great charter from porphyry. There are feveral quarries Charles I. the articles of which were of fandftone, of very hard texture, conratified by parliament, on September taining many quartoze nodules imbed14, 1641. The town is governed by ed in it ; but the principal ftone ufed. a provoft, 4 bailies, a dean of guild, in building is brought from the Kina treafurer, and 15 counfellors, who goodie quarry, in the parifh of Longare annually felf-elected. The unap- forgan. Along the Ihores of the Tay, propriated revenues of the town a- Scots pebbles are found in great vamount to 32ool. but the town council riety. Dundee has given birth to have under their management an an- many great literary characters, of nual fum not lefs than 4000I. In an- which we may mention Hector Boece cient times Dundee was ftrongly for- or Boethius, firft principal of King's tified, and fome remains of its ancient college of Aberdeen, the author of 3.

The

D
good

UN
and one of once
Ayrihire.

DUN
in pofieffion of a great part

hiftory of Scotland,

of

the chief reftorers, of learning in his time ; Dr. Kinloch, phyfician to James VI. and Mr. Goldman, merchant: fome Latin poems by thefe two gentlemen, inferred in the fecond volume of the Poeta Scotigena:,zxe univerfally admired for their purity of language and elegance of compohtion. Fletcher of Saltoun, DempSter of Dunnichen, the gallant Lord Vifcount Duncan, and the Earl of Rofslyn, (late Lord Loughborough), natives of Dundee, are characters which would attach celebrity to

Troone, the weftern point of the parifh, might be made an excellent harbour ; in its natural Mate, it affords fafe anchorage from every quarter, except the N. Upon Troone Point Hands an elegant octagonal temple, built by the late Colonel Fullerton, with the infeription " Baccho laiitia? datori^ amicis et oiio facrum" The village is Situated at the

The

W.

N.

W.

edge of Claven
:

hills

it

is

thriving place, having an extenfive cot-

ton manufactory near it is the ancient any place, and their names will always and royal cattle of Dundonald, from be gratefully remembered by every which the noble family of Cochrane Scotfman. In 1792, the number of in- take the title of Earl ; it was the fahabitants in Dundee was estimated at vourite feat of Robert II. the firft King

24,000; in 1801, the number returned to government was 26,084.

Dundelchack (Loch) ; a lake in the pariah of Daviot, in the county of Inverness ; it is about 6 miles long,
and \\ broad, containing abundance
of the fmeft trout. It is remarkable that it never freezes in winter, but very readily in fpring, by one night's froft, when the weather is calm ; it pours its waters by a fmall rivulet into the river Nairn, forming in its courfe feveral beautiful expanfes of water. a village and pa; The parifh in the county of Ayr. riih extends from the harbour of Irvine about 8 miles along the fea coaft, and terminates on the S. at a place where the Rumbling and Pow burns meet and diicharge themfelves into the The Surface is various, being difea. vided into an higher and lower district by the Cla<ven hills, which run through The higher diit directly N. and S. strict, being inland, is generally of a fertile clay, inclining in fome places to loam, confuting of gentle eminences,

DUNDONALD

and adorned with clumps and belts of planting below is a wide plain, extending to the coaft, fandy and uncultivated clofe by the fhore are many fandy hillocks, which are covered with
;
;

bent. The Claven hills are of various heights, many of them being arable, and all affording excellent pafture. On the tops are many veftiges of encampmtnts, which are named Roman ; but their circular figure and Structure are Sufficient to confute that deiignation ; it feems more probable that thefe fortifications are of Norwegian Structure, as it is certain that nation was

of Scotland of the Stuart race : the walls are very thick, and the Stuart arms are engrofled on many parts of the building. Oppofite to the village and cattle is a beautiful bank of wood Surrounding thehoufe of Auchavs, the feat of the Countefs-dowager of Eglintoun. Coal abounds in every part of the parifh, of which a great quantity is ^annually exported at Irvine. Population in 1793, 1317. Dundroigh, or Druids Hill, is Situated in the parifh of Eddleftown, county of Peebles. It is elevated 2100 feet above the level of the fea, and commands an extenfive profpect in every direction. Dunearn, a high hill in the neighbourhood of Burntifland,in the county of Fife. It is remarkable for a fmall lake upon its Summit, which is never dry on the N. fide it is Steep, rugged, and frightful, from the projection of the Stones, and the immenfe quantity of rubbilh which has fallen down. The Stones are chiefly a coarfe grained bafaltes, and many of the columns are very regular, exhibiting pillars of 5 and 6 fides. The great refemblance this hill bears to thofe in other countries, which are known to be extinct volcanoes, renders it v.ery probable that this hill has been of the fame kind the property of it belongs to Dr. Charles Stuart of Edinburgh. a royal borough in the county of Fife, a feat of a prefbytery, and one of the moft considerable manufacturing towns in th$ county. It is Situated in the we Hem district of the Shire, about 3 miles N. from the Frith of Forth, above the level of
:
:

DUNFERMLINE

DUN
elevated roo feet. The greater part of the town is fituated on a hill or rifmg ground, having a pretty bold declivity towards the S. ; the ground, however, ibon flattens to the Nethertown, which ftands on a plain ;

DUN
leaft afliftance

which

it

is

of the needle the only part he could not execute was a button for the neck. At an early period
:

Dunfermline became a royal refidence Malcolm Canmore ufually refided at

a tower or caftle, built on a peninthe profpedt it commands is remark- lulated hill, in a valley near the town. palace was afterwards built, not ably various, beautiful, and extenfive, having a view of 14 different counties far from the tower, in a moft romantic The ftreets-of Dunfermline (ituation ; the S. W. wall ftill remains, at once. are well built, and the fize of the town a monument of the magnificent fabric, of which it is a part. The monaftery is rapidly increafing by the feuing of a great part of the eftate of Pittencrief, was one of the moft ancient in Scotwhich forms a large fuburb, connected land, being founded by Malcolm Canwith the town by a bridge of nearly more, for the monks of the order of 300 feet in length. The borough, it St. Benedict, and completed by his fort appears, held of the monaftery of Dun- Alexander I. It continued to be gofermline for nearly 2 centuries, and verned by a prior, gill the reign of became royal by a charter from King David I. who railed it to the dignity James VI. dated 24th. May, 1588. In of an abbey, and in 11 24, translated this charter, called a charter of con- thither 13 monks from Canterburyfirmation, the King ratifies fun dry The abbey was richly endowed, and charters, donations, and indentures, derived its revenue from very diftant by John and Robert, abbots of Dun- parts of the kingdom ; it was a magfermline ; and particularly one of nificent and extenfive building, but date, 10th October, 1395, by which fell an early facrifi.ee to the plundering " the abbot and convent r enounce, army of Edward I. about the beginin favour of the eldermen and commu- ning of the 14th century; all that was nity, the whole income of the borough, laved of that magnificent fabric was belonging to their revenue, with the the church, with a few cells for the fmall cuftoms, profits of court, &c." monks ; thefe were demolifhed at the referving, however, the " power of reformation, and the remains of the punifhment, mould any of the magi- abbey are now inconiiderabie. The ftrates be guilty of injuflice in the ex- pai-ifh church _and fteeple are large ercife of their office." The govern- and ancient, being part of the old ment of the town is vefted in a pro- abbey, built by Malcolm Canmore. voft, 2 bailies, a dean of guild, and 22 Here, the founder, his queen, and counfellors, annually elected. The re- 7 other Scottifh monarchs lie interred. venue of the town is confiderably In the town and adjoining fuburb of above $oo\. per annum. It has a weekly Pittencrief there are upwards of 5200 market, and 8 public fairs within the inhabitants. The parifh of Dunfermyear. The town has been long dif- line is of an irregular figure, the avertinguifned for the manufacture of dia- age length of which is about 8 miles per or table linen ; for many years from N. to S. and about 5 in breadth. no other cloth has been woven to any The furface fiopes gradually to the confiderable extent. There are nearly fea, the foil varying from a gravel to 1200 looms employed, and the value a rich loam 33 we approach the coaft, of goods manufactured has for fome which is partly flat, and partly high time paft been from 5o,oool.to 6o,oool. and rocky ; it poffeffed two excellent fterling per annum. Aftonifhing im- harbours, at Charleftown and Lime-

which admit veflels from 300 to 350 tons burden. The fmall rivulet the application of machinery, labour Lyne paffes near the town, and there has been greatly abridged. In the cheft are feveral extenfive lochs, fome of of the incorporation of weavers is pre- which have been drained and immany acres of wafte land ferved a curious fpecimen of the weav- proved ing art ; this is a man's fliirt wrought have been lately planted with firs and in the loom upwards of a century ago, other kinds of wood. The parilh aby a weaver of the name of Inglis, -bounds with valuable mines and miwhich is without feara, or without the neral- in manv places there are prokilns,
:
:

provements have been made in this branch within thefe 50 years; and by

DUN
digious rocks of white ffeeftofte, and [road came to the brow of a fleep de whinftone is alio found for paving the fcent, and between two woods of oak,
ftreets : limeftone has been wrought to a great extent ; the Earl of Elgin poffeffing here the moft cxtenfive limew-orks in Britain : ironftone is alfo abundant, and exported in great quan-

we few

far

below

us, the

Tay come

to the Carron company. The parifh contains, befides the burgh of Dunfermline, and the towns of Limekilns and Charleftown, 3 or 4 fmaller villages, making the total population
tities

in 1794, 9550.

Dungisbay-head,

faid to

be the

Berubium of Ptolemy, is fituated in the county of Caithnefs, and forms the N. E. corner of the iiland of Great This beautiful promontory Britain. is of a circular fhape, about a miles in circumference ; towards the fea, which encompaffes two thirds of the Head, is one continued precipice ; on the land fide is a deep glen or ravine, over which a fmall bridge is thrown. On the higheft part of the Head, about 50 yards from the edge of the precipice, are the remains of a houfe, which has probably been ufed as a watchtower. It is fituated in the latitude of 58^ 45' N. and about a 7' W. longitude from Greenwich. Dunian ; a hill in the county of Roxburgh, the elevation of which is 103 1 feet above the level of the fea.

fweeping along at the bottom of a precipice, at leaft 150 feet deep, clear as glafs', full to the brim, and very rapid in its courfe ; it feemed to iffue out of woods thick and tall, that rofeon either hand, and were overhung by broken rocky crags of vaft height above them to the W. the tops of higher mountains appeared, on which the evening clouds repofed down by the fide of the river, under the thicker! fhades, is feated the town of Dunkeld ; in the midft of it Hands a ruined cathedral, the towers and fhell of the building
; :

ftill

entire

little

beyond

it,

a large

and though thefe are commonly confidered as forming one parifh, yet the ftacircumftances of each are fo efthat it is thought proper to give an account of them fetiftical

DUNKELD

DOWALLY;

fentially different,

parately.
I.

Dunkeld,

a fmall

town

in the

county of Perth, fituated on the N. bank of the river Tay. The fcenery which furrounds it has long been the fubjedt of admiration, as romantic and delightful. Nature has been liberal in producing and combining fine objects in the landfcape ; and the improvements of the Duke of Athol, conducted on an extenfive fcale, and with great tafte, have given an additional ornament to the whole ; prefenting a variety, and a degree of picturefque beauty, which is feldom equalled, and Mr. is perhaps no where furpaffed. Gray, the author of " The elegy in a
country church-yard" vifited it in 1766, and thus expreffes himfelf in a letter

houfe of the Duke of Athol, with itsoffices and gardens, extends a mile beyond the town and as his grounds are interfered by the ftreets and roads, he has flung arches of communication acrofs them, that add much to the fcenery of the place." Dunkeld is a place of great antiquity ; it was the capital of ancient Caledonia ; and about the dawn of Christianity, a Picftifh king made it the feat of religion by erecting there a monaftery of Culdees, which King David Lin 1 130, converted into a biihopric, and ranked it the firft in Scotland. It is a burgh of barony,, and its only magiftrate is a baron-bailie appointed by the Duke of Athol, who is fuperior. Charles II. offered it a charter of erection into a royal borough, but/ the offer was declined. The principal ftreet extends in the direction of the Tay, interfered with by-lanes, and containing fome good houfes. The" principal manufacture is of linen and yarn, for carrying on which it is conveniently fituated. It is the chief market town of the Highlands, and befides a weekly market, it has the privilege of holding 6 yearly fairs. The fituation of Dunkeld is very healthful, and is frequently recommended by phyficians as a fum; y

refidence for their confumptive the oftenfible ; reafon is the opportunity of obtaining goat whey; but the purity of the air,

mer

and nervous patients

addrefled to the Earl of Oxford

" The

the ferenity of the mind, produced by the contemplation of the charming fcenery, and gentle exercife, form not the leaft powerful and beneficial medicines. The cathedral has once been a fine pile of building, though now

D
much

UN
ally
;

DUN
the latter rifes

with a very Hidden afcent from the brink of the river, and the road to Athol, which partes through Dowally, has been cut with rifh church; it was built in 1350 by great labour and expence along the Bilhop Sinclair, who is here buried. bottom of it the road overhangs the On the north fide of the choir is the river fo clofely, and at fuch a height, charter-houfe, built by Bifhop Lauder that the timid traveller, who looks in 1469, the vault of which is now over the wall which has been built for ufed as the burying-place of the family fecurity, is difpofed to haften on his of Athol ; and the upper room is occu- way ; but a range of tall and thick pied as a charter-room by the Duke. trees, while they conceal the terrors of The tower, which ftands at the weft the fcene, add at the fame time to its end of the north aifle, is very elegant, fingular beauty. The declivity of the and remarkable for a rent of the wall hills is frequently feamed with deep from top to bottom, nearly 2 inches glens or ravines, over which bridges wide. Very near the cathedral is the are thrown. The foil on the hills is manfion of the Duke, a plain neat houfe, very ihallow, but affords pafture to without any of the magnificence gene- numerous flock6 of fheep and many The of them are covered with natural forally feen in a ducal refidence. gardens abound with fruit, which ar- refts, well ftocked with red and roe Within the deer. The foil of the haughs is light rives at great perfection. and fandy ; that of the higher fields laft 60 years, very extenlive plantations have been made around Dunkeld ; the on the brow of the hills is ftronger and prefent Duke of Athol has planted deeper, with an intermixture of clay : upwards of 4000 acres, chiefly with amongft the hills, in the back parts of larix, intermixed with Scots fir. There the parifh, is Loch Or die, which abounds are evidently feen the remains of a with trout and eel. The Duke of Abridge over the Tay, built by the ce- thol draws a confiderable revenue from lebrated Gavin. Douglas, who was Bi- the cuttings of his oak woods; and the fhopof Dunkeld in 15 16, and an author falmon fifhings on the Tay are rated well known as a profound claffical a,t 27I. fterling of annual rent. The fcholar, a well informed antiquarian, hills of King's Seat and Craigj Bams are and an elegant poet of all his works, compofed of fchijlus, intermixed with his Palace of Honour, and his Tranflation pyrites, and contain fome fcattered In a cf'the JE?ieid of Virgil, only remain; ho- grains of pure native copper.
dilapidated ; the architecture is partly Saxon, and partly Gothic, like moft'of the old abbeys; the choir is ftill entire, and converted into the pa; ; :

norable

monuments of

the correctnefs

and the vigour of his imagination. In 1648, Sir James Galloway, mafter of requefts to James VI. and to Charles I. was created Lord Dunkeld his grandfon James was attainted at the revolution, and dying in the beginning of the laft century, the title became Dunkeld and its immediate extinct.
of
his tafte,
;

vicinity contain 1086 inhabitants.

II.

land bank by the fide of the Tay, fome particles of gold duft have been found; a few trinkets have been made for curiofity, but the quantity of gold was ;fo fmall, and the expence of extracting it fo great, that no attention In has been paid to the difcovery. 1798, the population of the diftrict of Dowally, or the landward part of Dun-; held parifh, was 687.

Dowally

this

diftrict

is

fi-

DUNKELD (LITTLE)
in the

tuated to the weftward of Dunkeld, and may very properly be confidered as the country part of that parifh. It extends in length about 6 miles along the N. bank of the Tay ; the breadth is uncertain ; for, as the fide of it, which is moft remote from the river, confifts entirely of high, barren, and uninhabited hills, it has never been thought of importance to afcertain its line of limit with minutenefs. The rocky hills of Craigj Barns and King's Seat are filiated on the lower boundary of Dow-

county of Perth

its

a parifh ; figure is a

kind of irregular triangle, the longeft fides of which are about 16 miles in length. Nature has divided it into 3 ift, or diftrict of Mnrthly, diftricts which extends from the neighbouring parifh of Kinclaven to a fmall village called Invar, has a furface varied and beautiful, with a rich fertile foil, generally enclofed and well cultivated.
:

In this diftrict are fituated Murthlyhoufe, the feat of the Stewarts of Grantully, and Birnam hill, rendered

BUN
;

DUN

famous by the pen of Shakefpear. of druidical circles, of circular caitles, The fecond extends from Invar for 10 and prodigious piles of ftones, or miles, along the banks of the Tay to cairns, fq frequent in other parts of
Grantully andthisdiftridtfrom having the Highlands, are alio to be feen here. belonged in former times to the fee of Population in 1792, 2705. Dunkeld, ftill retains the name of the DUNLOP ; a parifli in the county Bifhopric the cultivated lands form of Ayr ; it is of an oblong figure, bethe fields ing 7 miles long, and if broad; it the fouth bank of the Tay are level, and the new fyftem of agri- ftands upon high ground, and the furculture has given the whole the ap- face confifts of a great variety of hills: pearance of an almoft continued le- none of thefe are remarkable for their vies of beautiful gardens, from one height, but many of them afford beauextremity to the other. The remain- tiful and extenfive profpects of the ing diftricl is feparated from the Bi- furrounding country ; the ground is, fhopric by a hilly tradt of confiderable however, of eafy accefs, and well aextent and elevation ; it is a valley dapted either for pafture or cultiva9 miles in length, having the river tion the foil in the weftern parts Bran winding at the bottom the whole of the pariih is a light loam, or thin extent, till it falls into the Tay near the clay and towards the E. the prevailtown of Dunkeld. This diftrictis plant- ing foil is deep and heavy, with a cold ed with populous villages, and the foil wet bottom the greater part is enis generally of a fertile clay or loam. clofed, and well cultivated the prin^> One of the proprietors refides near the cipal attention is paid to the dairy, valley, top of the and is beginning to and the farmers here have been long ornament the country with planta- famous for that kind of cheefe, which tions. The hilly part of the whole is named after the parifli, " Dimlop parifli occupies nearly 4000 acres, and cbeefe." Several ftripes of planting have are either covered with heath, or ex- been made out fome years ago by Mr. hibit only lofty barren rocks. Near Dunlop of Dunlop, and the late Mr. Murthly is an inexhauftible quarry of Muir of Calwell, two of the propriefine grey freeft one, and the hill of Bir- tors. Population in 1791, 779. nam contains excellent flate of a deep a parifh in the county blue or violet colour feveral pieces of Caithnefs. It extends about 10 of lead ore have been found in the miles' in length, and on an average i\ fame mountain. Though no iron ore in breadth it is one of the moft norhas been difcovered, many of the therly parilhes in Great Britain ; infprings indicate the prefence of that deed, the extremity of Dunnet-head is mineral. There is found in Strath- found, by the lateft obfervations, to bran a fpecies of argillaceous earth, be fomewhat farther N. than even of an exceeding white colour. In Dungi/bay-bead, or Jobn-o-Groats. Exthis parifh are feveral extenfive forefts cept Dunnet-head, there is fcarcely an of natural wood, fome of the trees of eminence in the pariih. The foil is which are of great fize. There are in general light, with little clay or feveral fmall lakes in the diftricl: of deep loam ; by far the greater part Strathbran, which abound with pike. is uncultivated, and incapable of culOn the river Bran is a fine cafcade, tivation. There are feveral fmall lakes near which the Duke of Athol has which fupply the mills with water, built an elegant boudoir ; (vide Bran.) The coaft is in general bold and rocky, The military road from Perth to In- but from Dunnet-head it is fiat, and vernefs paffes through the pariih, af- affords fafe anchorage to veflels in fefording good accommodation at the veral bays and harbours the coafts ainns of Invar and Amulrie. There is bound with fifh, and afford a confidera confiderable military entrenchment able quantity of feaweedfor the making on the S. bank of the Tay, fuppofed of kelp. There are feveral caves in to have been formed to guard a pafs the rocks, and the veftiges of feveral
: ;
:

DUNNET
;

which is fordable at the banks of the Bran are to be feen the ruins of the ancient caftle of Trochrie, formerly one of the Remains feats of the Gowrie family.

upon that

river,

this place.

On

old chapels are diftinclly feen. Freeftone, of excellent quality, is quarried

at

Dunnet-head; but
it is

in this

remote
Popula,

region

of

little

value.

tion in 1791, about 1400.

DUN
an extenfive pro-' jnontory, running into the Pentland Frith on the weftern border of the parifh of Dunnet ; it coniifts of feveral hills interfperfed with valleys, in which is a confiderable extent of pafture for fmall cattle and iheep ; through its whole extent, which cannot be lefs than 8 miles, Dutmet-head prefents a front of broken rocks to the fea, the height of which varies from ioo to 400 feet ; it is joined to the land by a narrow neck or rjlbmus, about a mile and a half bread a great variety of fowls one called the frequent the rocks Layer or Pi'ffin, is found in no other place of the Britifh ifles, except Hoyhead in Orkney, the Cliffs of Dover, and Dunnet-head. In the caves, at the foot of the precipice, others are occafionally found. a parifh in the county of Angus, extending in length
is
: ;

UN

Dun net-he ad

DUNNiCHEN;

about 4 miles, and from 2 to 3 in breadth. It is moftly arable, though the furface is hilly ; and fome of the
elevated to the height of 750 level of the lea. The foil is tolerably fertile, and it is watered by two fmall brooks, which arife from a neighbouring mofs. There are feveral extenfive marl pits, the marl of which Mr. Dempster, by a plan recommended by the late Dr. Black of Edinburgh, has been able to convert into a tolerable quick lime. Mr. Dempster, whole honeft and patriotic conduct, as a ftatefman will be long remembered by his country, is the chief proprietor, and has lately feued a part of his ground for a village called Letham, where there is a ftamp-ofiice, and a weekly market for the fale of
hills are

the declivitiesare in fomeplaccs gentTe, and admit of the plough, but from the elevated and expofed fituation, the produce is fcanty ; in the lower parts the foil is arable, and partakes of the nature of carfe land, capable of railing any corn. The village of Dunning confiits of a confiderable number of houfes, many of which have been lately built, are elegant and commodious, and exhibit fpecimens of architectural tafte not often to be met with in a country village. In the immediate neighbourhood, Mr. Graham of Orchil has lately feued out the village of New Pitcairn or Dragon's Den. Duncridb, the property and refidence of Lord Rollo, holds a diftinguhhed place in the parifh ; the eftate was a grant to the family of Rollo by David Earl of Stratherne, with the confent of King Robert his father, the charter bearing date 13th Feb. 1380. The hoiife of Keltie, the property of the Drummonds of Keltie, is an ancient edifice, and has been long famed for the genuine hofpitality of an open and generous-heart-

feet

above the

ed owner. Population
1600.

in 1796,

about

yam and brown

facture

linens which manuMr. Dempfter has exerted himfelf greatly to promote. About a mile from the village is Dunnichen;

houfe, the refidence of that gentleman. There is plenty of excellent freeftone. few tumuli have been opened, and found to coptain urns, enclofing hones

and

afhes.

Population in 1791, 873

in 1801, 1049.

; a parifh in the county cf Perth, fituated at the northern extremity of the Ochil hills, where they terminate iu Stratherne. The high and muirland parts which are elevated at leaft 1000 feet above the level of t-be fea, are laid out for fheep pafture

DUNNING

a parifh in the It is of a triangular figure, extending about 4 miles on each fide ; it is fituated on the coaft, at the beginning of the great hovj or hollow of the Mearns, a valley which extends through the fhires of Angus and Perth, under the name of Stratkmore. The furface is uneven, with frequent rifings ; but thefe are inconfiderable, and do not deferve the name of hills ; towards the coaft the foil is a kind of clay loam ; but as we recede, it degenerates into a wet, gravelly muir. The fea coaft is very bold, formed of alternate ftrata of freeftone and plumfmdd'mg-ftone, the latter containing nodules of quartz and limeftone, which have the appearance of being water worn, united together by a cement, compofed of argillaceous and quartoze matter : there are many deep caves in the rocks, which are much frequented by gulls and other fea fowls. At the N. E. corner, where the fmall rivulet Carron runs into the fea, is fituated the town of Stonehaven or Stonehi-ve, having a fine natural harbour, which might be much improved ; (vide Stonehaven.} The turnpike road
;

DUNNOTTAR

county of Kincardine.

DUN

DUN
DUNROSSNESS;

from Montrofe to Aberdeen paries a parifh In through the town of Stonehaven, and Shetland. Vide Mainland. another road runs directly from that DUNSCORE ; a parifli in the ditown to Perth, through the valley strict of Nithfdale, county of D umfries. of Stratbmore. The caftle of Dun- It extends from the river Nith, acrofs aottar, now in ruins, is lituated on a the country to the river Urr, nearly perpendicular rock, level on the top, 12 miles long; but its breadth varies of feveral acres extent, and almoft Se- from half a mile to fourmiles it is level along the Nith, but in general it is parated from the land by a deep chafm and, towards the upper end, it forms one of the molt majeftic ruins hilly in Scotland, and before the invention rocky and mountainous fome parts of artillery, muft have been impregna- of the foil are deep and fertile, but by it was built during the conteft far the greater proportion is light and ble between Bruce and Baliol, by an an- Shallow, on a cold till bottom from
;

of the Marifchal family; fo great was its reputation for ftrength, that in 1661, it was ufed for the depofvt of the regalia of Scotland, to preferve them from the Englifh army. Population in 1792, including the town of Stonehaven, 1962. a pariSh in Argyllfhire, fituated in the district of Cowal, on the W. fide of the Frith of Clyde. It extends about 24 miles in length, and at an average 2 in breadth. The general appearance of the country is flat and agreeable, having a few eminences covered with natural wood in the back parts of the parifli. The foil is fandy and fertile ; but of late years, many of the belt farms have been united into fheep walks, and thrown into pafture. The coaft is alfo fandy, with funk rocks, poffeffing no fafe creek or harbour for veffels of any burden. Formerly the village of Dunoon was very considerable, and was a place of refort, on account of a ferry, which
cestor

the afpect of the country, it is evident that it is fitter for pafture than for tillage : accordingly, we find a great

DUNOON;

number of fheep and black cattle reared for the English market. Besides the Nith and Urr, the pariSh is watered by the river Cairn, which runs through the middle of it, and here changes its name to Cluden. In this pariih the celebrated Robert Burns rented a farm for fome years, and, under the patronage of Robert Riddel, Efq. of Glenriddel, eftablifhed a library or reading fociety, for the instruction and amufement of the peafants and tenants. This plan he detailed, in a letter addrefled to Sir John Sinclair, and it has been very generally followed in many parts of the kingdom. Population of Dunfcore, in
1

791, 913.

DUNSE

a considerable

town and

pariSh in the county of Berwick. The town is delightfully fituated in the

was the

principal inlet to the district

but a new road being opened by Loch Lomond, round the head of Loch

Long, has contributed to its decay. There is no manufacture carried on

inhabitants being moftly fifhers. The caftle of Dunoon was once a royal refidence, of which the family of Argyll were hereditary conftables ; it was alfo the refidence of the BiShop of Argyll, during the laft period of Epifcopacy in Scotland. Population of Dunoon in 1791, 1683.
in the parifli, the

center of the county, encompaiTed on the W. N. and E. by the Lamniermuir hills, a fine plain 25 miles in extent lying towards the S. The ancient Site of the town was on the top of the beautiful hill called Dunfe Law, which is elevated from a bafe of about 2-| miles in circumference, to the height of 630 feet above the level of the lea: afterwards, the town was rebuilt at the foot of the hill. The fmall water

of Whittadder paffes by it. About half a mile from the town is Dunfecaftle, a large, Stately, venerable builda fmall village in ing, the family refidence of Hay of the county of Dumfries. It lies on Drummelzier ; it commands an exthe water of Dalwbcit, over which is ten five. pro fpecl towards the S. as far a ftone bridge, forming a communi- as the Cheviot hills, and is furrounded cation with the village of Minniehime. with feveral hundred acres of thriving Thefe united villages are well built, plantations. Nearly a mile from Dunfe and contain upwards of 400 inha- is the celebrated mineral well, called bitants. Dunfe Spa, aftrcng chalybeate, fimik".f

DUNREGGAN;

BUN
to that of Tunbridge in England. In 1761, Dr. Francis Home of Edinburgh publifhed a very accurate analyfis of According to his ftateits contents. ment, it contains iron, muriate of It is foda, lime, and carbonic acid. much reforted to, and efteemed very efficacious in complaints of the ftomach, and in all cafes of debility.

UN

very few remains. The traditions ia the neighbourhood concerning the predictions of the witches, and the defeat and death of that ufurper, are fo fimilar to Shakefpear's hiftory of Macbeth, that it is probable that great dramatift was on the fpot himfelf, and was infpired with fuch uncommon poetical powers, from having viewed There is an extenfive bleachfield in the places where the fcenes he drew the neighbourhood of the town ; and were fuppofed to have been tranfa^ted. there is alfo a woollen manufacture to a Dunfinnan is found, by actual baromeconfiderable extent. The population trical meafurement, to be 1024^ feet of the town is about 2400. The pa- above the level of the ka. Dunstaffhage ; an ancient caft'le rifh of Dunfe is an oblong fquare of 8 miles by 5, extending over a part of in Argyllihire, laid to have been foundthe diftricl of Lammermuir, and over ed by Ewiu, a Piclifh monarch, before the head of that fertile plain which is the commencement of the ChrifiJan Whether this is true or not, it called the Merfe. That part which era. lies in Lammermuir is hilly, and much is certainly a place of great antiquity, covered with heath. fome of it, how- and one of the firft feats of the Pietilh ever, is cultivated, and has a thin, dry, and Scottifh princes. It is fituated on and gravelly foil ; the reft of the pariih, a promontory, almoft infulated, in the or that which lies in the diftrict of arm of the fea called Loch Etive, aMerfe, is of a rich, light loam, with a bout 2 miles from Connel, and about mixture of clay, exceedingly fertile, the fame diftance from the fite of the and in general enclofed. In this parifh ancient Beregomum. In this caftle was the improvements in agriculture have long preferved the famous ftone chair proceeded with great rapidity the or feat, the palladium cf North Brigentlemen of property let the example, tain, which was ufed as the coronawhich was followed up with great tion chair ; it was removed to Scone fpirit by the tenants ; by which the by Kenneth II. from whence it Was the country has been drained and en- taken by Edward I. and carried to clofed, and the climate greatly im- Weftminfter abbey, where it ftill reproved. The river Whittadder, which mains. Some of the ancient regalia takes its rife in Lammermuir, runs are ftill remaining in the caftle, of through the whole extent of the parifh, which the Duke of Argyll is herediand contains excellent falmon. Cock- tary keeper under the crown. At a burn Law, which rifes to the height fmall diftance from the walls of the of 900 feet above the level of the lea, caftle, which are all that remains of its former grandeur, is a fmall roofieis is a fine land mark for Ihips navigating the German ocean. On this hill are chapel, of exquifite workmanfhip and the ruins of a very old building, elegant architecture, where many of named Woden's or Edin's ball ; (vide the Kings of Scotland are fa^d to be Cock burn Law.) The learned and interred. DUNSYRE, fituated at the weftem celebrated metaphyfician and theologift, Joannes Duns Scotus, was born extremity of Lanarkshire, is a parifh in Dunfe, in the year 1274. The houfe about 5 miles in extent each way bewhere he was born is ftill fnewn. Po- fides the arable part of the pariih, which is a valley running between the pulation in 1793, 3324. Dunsinnan, or Dunsinane one hills of Dunfyre and Dolphington, of the Sidlaw hills, in the parifh of there is a confiderable extent of hilly Collace, and county cf Perth. It rifes country, fit only for fheep pafture. from the plain, infulated, and of an The foil is poor, and. the general apoval form, with a flat and vrdant pearance of the country is naked, fummit ; at one place is to be traced without plantations, and without ena winding road cut into the rock ; on clofures. Dunfyre is equidiftant from the other fides it is fteep, and of diffi- the German and Atlantis oceans ; and cult accefs ; it is noted for the caftle in this pariih rivulets tyke their rife T of Macbeth, of which there are new one of which runs eaftward to the

a,

B
Tweed,

UR
Smoab
;

BUT
the largeft and moft magnifia natural vault 70 yards high, and in fome places 100 yards wide : a fhort way within the mouth of the cave is an aperture, through which a ftream of water defcending, forms a fubterraneous lake, the extent of which has never been afcertained, fon of Lord Reay, long fmce, in a boat, attempted to difcover the extremity, but was obliged to deiift, the foul air having extinguifhed his lights. The whole parifh refts on an uninterrupted bed of limeftone. The fmall rivef Hope, which waters this diftrict, contains a few trout and falmon. The
is

while the other, mixing with the waters of the Clyde, empties itfelf into the weft em fea. The parifh is elevated to the height of 700 feet above the level of the lea. There is plenty of peat mois, which is the chief fuel but coals may be had at the diltance of 1 a miles. The river Medwin contains a few trouts. There is a row of iepulchral cairns, fome of which have been opened, and found to contain human bones and urns. Population in 179a, 360. a parifh in Dumfriesihire, extending in length 8 miles, and in breadth about 5. It is almoft furrounded with hills, having a pleafant opening towards the S. and S. W. it is divided by the river Nith, and the fmall river Carron runs through it; except the furrounding hills, the general appearance of the parifh is flat, and the foil tolerably fertile there are

cent

it is

DURISDEER;

moft remarkable monument of antiquity is the famous tower Dim JDornadilla, about 18 feet of which ftill
remain.
If a light-houfe

were

erect-

ed on Cape Wrath, it would contribute greatly to the fafe navigation along thefe coafts. Population in 1790,

about 3000 acres arable, and 11000 1182. The hills DURRIS ; a parifh in Aberdeenpafture and plantations. bear the name of Lowthers, and feem fnire, extending about 8 miles in to contain the fame minerals as the length, and j in breadth. It lies on neighbouring mines of Lead-hills and the S. bank of the river Dee, from Wanlockhead freeftone of various which the ground rifes, till, in the kinds is found in the parifh ; and in fouthern extremity of the parifh, it feveral places there is the appearance terminates in the ridge of Grampian The furface is, on the of coal and lead. The village of Dur- mountains. ifdeer. is pleafantly (ituated on the whole, hilly, and the foil thin and banks of the Nith, over which is a poor. There are feveral high mounhandfome bridge of 3 arches. The tains, of which Cairn-1r.0neo.rn is the Duke of Queenfberry is almoft the fole higheft, being elevated to the height proprietor. Population returned to of upwards of 1000 feet above the level of the fea on the top of Mount Sir John Sinclair, 1019. DURNESS ; a pariili in the county Gower, another of the Grampians, is of Sutherland, computed to be 15 a mineral fpring, fimilar to Harrowmiles in length, and 13 in breadth. gate. Lord Peterborough has lately The greater part is a peninfula, form- made out a large plantation of larixes ed by Loch Eribole and the bay of and Scots fir, which are in a thriving Durnefs, two arms of the fea. The ftate ; there are, befides, a fmall wood fcenery of the parifh is wild and of natural trees. There is the appearmountainous ; but towards the fhore, ance of an ancient fortification, upon
:
:

efpeciaily where the peninfula terminates in Far-out-bead, there are feveral beautiful fields, and rich pafture. Along the ibore there is a tract of flat fand, but the rocks of the head lands tower to a great height. Cape IVrath 34 fituated at the N. W. corner of the parifh ; befides which, there are a other remarkable promontories, viz. Far-uut-head and White-bead. Loch Eribole is a fafe and fpacious harbour ; a great quantity of kelp is burnt on the fiiores. There are feveral very remarkable caves; of which that of Smo or

a hill named Caftle-hill, having a regular fofle and glacis. Population in

1791, 651.

DUTHIL
CHUS
;

and

ROTHIEMUR-

thefe united parifhes are fituated partly in the county of Moray, and partly in that of Invernefs ; they extend in length about 20 miles, and

general birch, and alder, on the fkivts of the hills

in

nearly 17

breadth.

The

appearance

is hilly,

with

fir,

higher up it becomes rocky and covered with heath. The Spey runs between the two parifhes, and the

DYK
river Dulnan interfects

DYK
:

Duthil into two

equal parts for upwards of 13 miles. foil on the banks of both rivers is fertile, but liable to be overflowed the reft of the diftrict is thin and gra-

The

There are two fmall lakes in Rothiemurchus one of them, Lochnellan, has an ifland and a ruinous
velly.
;

noted for a remarkable echo. waftes in the parifh abound with game of all kinds. The great military road from Dalnacardoch to Inverness pafles through the parifh, on which is In the the ftage inn of Aviemore. diftrict of Rothiemurchus is an inexhauftible quarry, or rather mountain
caftle,

The

the clofe of the eleventh century > near the time of the death of Malcolm Kenmore King of Scotland. Above this defert lies an extenfive muir, which is quite unfit for culture, but has been found to be well adapted for the production of firs. The reft of the parifh. is cultivated, and agreeably diverfified with flats and eafy flopes, beautified by the windings of rivulets, which are fkirted with natural wood, and orna-

mented with gentlemens feats, gardens, and thriving plantations. The foil of the cultivated land is in fome places a
brown, in others, a black loam, generally light, kindly, and of eafy culture, but is almoft reduced to a caput
mortuum, by a long continuance of inceffant cropping, without a fufficient iupply of manure. The coaft is every where fandy, and at one place is an extenfive bed of the fineft cockles*

of excellent limeftone, which is burnt with wood, and much ufed for manure. There are feveral rocks, which are named Craig Elacbie, or rock of alarm, from the tops of which fignals

were
ger.

raifed

on any approaching danare feveral mineral fprings,

There are 3 fmall villages, the inhabitcelebrated for their efficacy in urinary ants of which are moftly employed in complaints, fuppofed to refemble the the culture of the ground. The river Seltzer waters, in containing fixed air. Findhorn or Findern, is of confiderable Population in 1791, 1110. value for its falmon fifhings, which are a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, all rented by a company in Aberdeen; ; of confiHerable extent, lying along the Within thefe 100 years, the barony of The ridge of Culbin, called in the former century, fide of the river Don. hills called Tyre-beggar, runs directly " the granary of Moray," has been enthrough the parifh: on the top of one tirely covered with the fand, blowing of the higheft is a druidical temple. from the Mavifton hills; another effect The whole of the hill is covered with of the blowing of the fand, is the change heath, and 2 fmall plantations ; the made about 120 years ago in the bed reft of the parifh, particularly on the and mouth of the river, which has ocbanks of the Don, has a deep rich cafioned the removal of the town and foil, producing fine crops: a few black harbour of Findhorn, at leaft three cattle and fheep are reared in the pa- quarters of a mile down the Frith ; rifh, but the chief attention is paid to and, where the ancient town of Findagriculture ; and enclofures are now horn ftood, nothing appears but fand, pretty common. Population in 1791, and benty grafs, fcarcely affording a meagre pafture to a few fheep. At 352. and an united parifh Darnaivay, the feat of the Earl of in the county of Moray. It is of an Moray, is an old caftle, nobly elevated, irregular four-cornered figure, running' with great range and extent of profup the Moray Frith 6 miles along fhore, pect : adjoining to it is a princely hall, and ftretching from the coaft foutli- built by Thomas Randolph, regent of ward nearly the fame length ; it lies Scotland, during the minority of King principally on the W. fide of the river David Bruce. Its length is 89 feet, Findhorn ; but a few farms are fitu- and its breadth 35 ; the roof is fuperio, ated on the E. fide of that river a- fomewhat refembling the roof of the long the coaft is that extenfive fandy parliament-houfe in Edinburgh : Earl defert, called the Mwvifion /and hills, Randolph's table, which is of thick which Boethius mentions as being oaken plank, and the whole furniture produced by the fame inundation of of this ancient hall, made in the midthe fea which fwept away the princely dle of the 1 2th century, are great cueftate of Earl Godwin in Kent, and riofities, and pleafing monuments of left the Godwin fands in its room. ancient hofpitality and magnificence. This calamitous event happened, at On the muirs, near the border of the
There

DYCE

DYKE

MOY;

D YS
parifh, is a fpot of ground, rendered On claffic by the pen of Shakefpear. this wild muir he lays the fcene of the Thane of Glammis's interview with the weird filters, well adapted to fuggeft the hellifh purpofe, and forward the bloody work that fet that ufurper
coaft
is

D YS
cumbered with
cipices

large

ftones.

The

bold and rocky, but the predo not project far into the fea, having in many places a fandy beach
at their foot, covered at high water. Befides the burgh of Dyfart, the parifh contains 3 villages, Patbbead, Galaton, and Borland, which contain nearly 2600 inhabitants, chiefly employed in

on the throne.
1529.

Population in 1793,

a royal borough, on the S. coaft of Fife. Its charter was granted

DYSART;

making

nails.

Below Pathhead, on a

about the beginning of the 16th century, and at that time it is mentioned as one of the principal trading towns in Fife : about the beginning of the laft century its trade was much decayed, but began to revive about the year The harbour is good, and at j 75 6. prefent the trade is coniiderable, employing about 3 6 veffels in the coal and foreign trade. About 750 looms are employed in the manufacture of checks, of which cloth 795,000 yards are annually made : a number of hands are alio employed in building fhips, and upwards of 17,100 bufhels of fait are made annually ; but the great trade
of Dyfart is the exportation of coal, with which the neighbourhood abounds. The town contains about 1730 inhabitants, and is an earldom in the The extreme Tollemache family. length of the parifh is about 4 miles and its greateft breadth near to 3, containing 3054 acres. The ground rifes gradually from the fea, above a mile northward, and then flopes down to the river Orr, which forms the boundary on the N. E. ; the foil is generally light, and near the coaft fertile and well cultivated ; but in the N. W. a trad of land extends, of wet cold foil, en-

freeftone rock projecting into the fea, ftands the old caftle of Riven's or Ra-

vsn's-craig; it was given by James III. to William St. Clair Earl of Orkney,

with the lands adjoining, when he refigned that title, and has remained in the family of St. Clair ever fince ; it was garrifoned by a party of Cromwell's foldiers, but has now fallen into ruins. Freeftone and limeftone are found in various places near the furface ; but the chief mines are of coal and ironftone. Dyfart coal was amongft the firft wrought in Scptland, upwards of 300 years ago ; for at that period, the pit is recorded to have been on fire ; it was again on fire in 1662, faid to have been occafioned by the fpontaneous combuftion of a quantity of pyrites. Buchanan relates this dreadful occurrence in elegant poetry. The feams, now working, are about 60 fathom below the furface : about 100 men are employed, and upwards of 20,000 tons are annually raifed. The ironftone is very rich, yielding about 12 cwt. of metal per ton of ore. Lieut.-General Sir James Erfkine St. Clair is chief proprietor, and occafionally r elides at his feat in the parifh. Population in 1793 ( including Dyfart and the villages), 4863.

E
E

AG
a parifh in the

AG

EAGLE SHAM;

county of Renfrew. It extends in length about 6 miles from N. to S. and is about 5 miles in breadth. From the banks of the Cart, which are loamy and fertile, the ground rifes gradually towards the weftern border, which is muiry, and covered with heath. Several rivulets interfect the parifh, in their courfc from the high muiry

alfo has its fource in the fouthern border. The village of Eaglefham is delightfully fituated; it confifts of 2 rows of houfes, about 200 yards diftant, having a fine clear rivulet running in the middle : the houfes are newly built, on a plan of the late Earl of Eglinton, the proprietor the area before the houfes is appropriated for bleaching, and the
:

ground to the Cart, which

EAL
fides of the rivulets are

EAR
adorned with
;

trees i a conuderable cotton work is lately erected ; it is diftant g miles

from Glafgow, between which there and the road is an excellent turnpike from Ayr to Edinburgh by Hamilton The hills fentation, which it forfeited in compafles through the village. of Duntvar and Balagich are elevated mon with fome other towns in the nearly ioo feet above the level of the fame county, through their inability fea there are feveral chalybeate wells, to pay their proportion of the expence and about 2 miles from the village, at of fupporting a commiflbner it is goBnlagich hill, are found many pieces verned by 3 bailies, 15 counfellors, and of barytas, or ponderous fpar; the ap- a treafurer, the oldeft bailie acting as pearance of this mineralj which is the provoft; it has afmall harbour, where frequent attendant on ores of lead, filhing boats are fafe, and where a and other fymptoms, render it very fmall (loop or two may lie during the probable that there are filver and lead fummer months; it lies in the parifh Several large maffes of of Kilconquhar, and contains about in that part. Opnond Jlone, a fpecies of lava, are 350 inhabitants. EARLSTOUN a village and paPopulation about often met with.
:

afterwards taken, and met with a fate he little merited from his country. EAKLSFERRY; an ancient fmall town in the coaft of the Frith of Forth, in the county of Fife. It was a royal borough, having parliamentary icpre-

JOOO.

EALAN NAN ROANS

an iiland
;

on the N. coaft of Sutherlandfhire, annexed to the parifli of Tongue it is about 2 miles in circumference, and is inhabited by 4 or 5 families, contain-

compofed of

ing about 40 inhabitants. It is entirely coarfe puddingftone, on the furface of which is a ihallow foil, almoft entirely produced by the effect of art. About the year 1783, the center of the ifland funk coniiderably, leaving a pool, of water where there tations, and many fields are fheltered was arable land before. by ftrips and clumps of planting.

the diftrict of Berwickfhire, called Lauderdale ; the extent of the pariih is about 6 miles in length, and from 3 to 4 in breadth ; waflied on the E. border by the Eden, and on the W. by the Leader, both of which rivers abound with trout ; towards the banks of the Eden the furface is level, and the foil light and dry ; in the weftern border it is more uneven, and the foil inclines to a ftrong tough clay. There are feveral extenfive planriih

in

afmall There are feveral villages, of which Earlftoun and Mellerjlain are the largmouth of Loch Ridden, in the parifh eft ; the former is in a low fituation, of Inverchoalain, memorable in the almoft fuiTounded with hills, and is annals of the -17th century. In the famous as the birth-place of Sir Thoyear 1685, when the Duke of Mon- mas Learmont, commonly called Thomouth attempted an invalion of the mas the Rhymer. He flouriihed country, the unfortunate Archibald in the 13th century, and part of his Earl of Argyll was induced to favour houfe is ftill ftanding, called Rhymer's the invafion. He brought with him Tower ; and a ftone in the front wall 3 frigates, and a confiderable quantity of the church has this infeription, of arms and ammunition. With thefe " Auld Rhymer's race lies in this place" he landed at Dunftaffnage, on the Earlftoun is alfo famous for a great N. W. coaft of Argyllshire, and having fair for fheep and black cattle, held collected an army of 3000 men, he pro- on the 29th of June ; and another fair ceeded to Eallangheirrig, which he is held on the 3d Thurfday of Octofortified very ftrongly, and there de- ber. This village is well adapted for pofited his fpare arms and ammunition. trade, being fituated on the banks of Soon after, upon the appearance of the Leader, in the vicinity of extenfive fome (hips of war, the garrifon fur- woods, and having the turnpike from rendered, and the whole ammunition Edinburgh to Jedburgh, and from Efalling into the hands of the royal dinburgh to London, palling near it. party, put an end to any further hoftile In 1 79 1, the parifh of Earlftoun conoperations on the part of that unfor- tained 1352 inhabitants. tunate nobleman, who, with his party, Earn ; a lake and river in Perth found means to efcape, but was foon fhire. Vide Erne.
ifland in Argylhhire, fituated at the

EALLANGHEIRRIG;

Sz

E AS
Earsay
5

EC

a confiderable lake in the

ifiand of Arran,

which abounds with

trout and fine falmon. EASDALE ; a fmall ifiand of the Hebrides, annexed to Argyllfhire ; it is nearly circular, about x\ mile in diameter, and is celebrated for its having afforded the beft and greateft quantity of flate ( ardefia tegularis) of any part of equal extent in Great Britain. The flate occupies the whole ifiand, traverfed at many places with bafaltic veins, and thin layers of quarThe flate toze and calcareous ftones. has been quarried here upwards of ioo years ago, and of late has been wrought to lb great an extent, that upwards of 5,000,000 of dates are annually fhipped from the ifiand. The number of workmen employed are about 300. The conftant demand for the Eafdale flate has caufed the furface to be cut very low, except at the S. end, and as the greater part is now in a level with the fea, it muft either be abandoned, or wrought at a confiderably greater expence, by means of machinery. It is fuppofed that by quarring, flate of the fame quality would be found in the neighbouring iflands of Luing and

orthoceratltes, both plain and fulcaterl, retain the original flidl, and many of the fpecimens of fhells are filled with ironftone, containing a quantity of

calcareous matter many nodules of ironftone, of different fizes and fpecies, are found imbedded in the layers of
:

j'chiftvs ;

vide

Mr. David Ure's mi-

neralogy of the parifh es of Rutherglen and Kilbride.) Population in 1993, 3642. ECCLES a parifh in the county of Berwick, extending 8 miles in length from E. to W. and nearly 6 in breadth contains about 11,000 acres of ground, fcarcely one acre of which is wafte or ufelefs. The foil is in general good, and confifts of loam, gravel, or clay of which the laft is the moft prevalent. The farms are all enclofed in the beft manner and on many eftates the
; :

thriving hedge-rows give the whole the appearance of a highly cultivated garden. Of late years Berwickfhire and the Lothians have made great improvements in the practice of agriculture, but in few places have they been carried on to equal advantage, and with fuch rapidity as in the parifh of Eccles ; and, in confequence, the generality of the farmers are wealthy and Seil a parifh in the opulent, and live in an elegant and county of Renfrew. It is of a very comfortable ityle. The river Tweed irregular figure, but its greateft length is the boundary on the S. and poffeffes may be about 4 miles, and its breadth a valuable falmon fiihing, the property nearly 3 : the general appearance pre- of the Earl of Home. There was ah fents that fine variety of landlcape for ancient nunnery, of which nothing rewhich the county of Renfrew is dif- mains except 2 vaults, in the neightinguifhed ; the little hills riling on e- bourhood of the manfion of Eccles, very fide are adorned with plantations the refidence of Sir John Paterfon ; and natural woods ; while a number there is a monument erected to one of

EASTWOOD;

of fmall rivers wander amongft fertile the Perries, who fell in an engagement with one of the rival family of Douglas, fields in the bottom of the valleys the lands are all enclofed, and each in which the {laughter was fo dreadfarm affords ample proof of the great ful, that tradition reports that a little increafe in agricultural knowledge and ftreamlet in its neighbourhood rah induftry. There are feveral manufac- with blood for 34 hours. Population tures carried on to confiderable extent, in 1793, 1780. a village in particularly in the weaving of muflin, bleaching, calico printing, and the the parifh of Hoddom, in Dumfriescotton in general. A new and thriving fhire. It is a confiderable market town, village called Pollock/haws, has been and one of the ftages on the London lately built, on the Glafgow road, a- road from Edinburgh by Carlifle ; it bout i\ miles from that town. In the contains upwards of 500 inhabitants. ECCLESGREIG, or St. CYRUS; neighbourhood of the village of Tbornlie-bank there is a ftratum of fchijius, a parifh in the fouthern extremity of wtli deferving the attention of the na- Kincardinefhire, on the high road from It is nearly of turahft ; it is feveral yards in thicknefs, Montrofe to Bervie. and contains a great variety of marine a rectangular form, extending 5 miles,

ECCLESFECHAN;

productions in a petrified

ftate.

The

in "length,

and

3 in breadth.

The

fur-

ECH
interfered with feveral dens and rivulets, and is elevated in fome places to little hills Upwards of three-fourths of the whole is arable, the remainder is muir or mofs; the foil is in general a deep clay, or an artificial loam, 12 or 15 inches deep on the clay, produced by long cultivation, and the frequent application of manure. The North Elk river, which forms the boundary on the S. poifeffes feveral valuable falmon fifhings, which bring nearly ioool. of yearly rent to the proprietors. The burn in Den Fend forms a beautiful cafcade, by falling over a perpendicular rock
face
is
is

EDA
containing about 11,000 acres; though it is a hilly diftrir, few of the hills are of great height, and many of them are under tillage to the very fumir.it the foil is partly clay, and partly light rand, In nrcctty places highly fufce'ptible of improvement. The Hon. Alexander Duff has an elegant feat, called
Houfedale, furrounded with extenfive plantations of various kinds of trees. On the top of the Barmekin, one of the higheft hills, is an ancient circular
fortification,

pretty level, but

concerning which tradi-

There are alfo feveral cairns and druidical edifices. It contains 963 inhabitants.'
tion
is filent.

63 feet in height.

The Kame

of Ma-

Eck (Loch)

a lake in the diftri<$

thers, the ancient re fidence of the Bar-

clay family, ftands on a peninfuated perpendicular rock, the bale of which is warned by the fea : the caftlis of Morphy and Laurlejlon are alfo ancient buildings. There are 2 villages, fylton and St. Cyrus, the former of whijh is fituated on the coaft, and contaiis about 180 inhabitants, chiefly empljyed Upon the farm of|Eaft in the fifhing. Mathers is a valuable limeftone qulrry the property of Lord Arburthiot and Mr. Scott of Criggie has liely opened one near Milton, which, t is hoped, will prove as ufeful tothe country, as profitable to himfelf : tjere is plenty of excellent freeftone. Ppulation in 1794, 1763.

it is about ; and rather more than half a mile in breadth. It is formed by the waters of the river Cur, and difcharges itfelf into the Frith of Clyde by the river Eachaig; it contains trout and falmon, and abounds with the frefh water herring, which is only found here and in Loch Lomond.

of Cowal, in Argyllfhire
6 miles in length,

a parifh in Teviot; extends nearly 7 miles in length, and about 3* in breadth, in a

dale;
it

ECKFORD

triangular figure, watered on one fide by the Teviot, and interfered by the

a parifl in ; the county of Linlithgow ; in lelgth it is about 4 miles, interfered bythe parimes of Linlithgow and Uphll The Its breadth is not above a mile. whole is a flat corn country, reducing in abundance all forts of gain raifed in Weft-Lothian ; the foj is partly clay, and partly loam. TEre are few or no farms in'which coal^ire not to be found ; but none is wrotht On the confines ofche at prefent. N. W. extremity lie the hills of Bthgate, where formerly lead mines sre wrought, which were very produive of lilver, a ton of lead yielding 17 ounces of that valuable metal. Tgre is abundance of excellent freeflhe, and near the church is a weak fuljm reous fpring, called the Bullion 4//, which is retorted to in fcrophijus

ECCLESMACHAN

here joins the the banks of the is a light loam, rifing into gentle eminences; it has been originally covered with heath, but by proper

Kail water,

which

former

river.

Upon

rivers the foil

cultivation is now rendered green and fit for pafture ; lb that there are no

waftc lands, except a muir called Cavertown Edge, where the Kelfo races are run, being diftant 4^ miles from that town. few plantations have

been lately laid out, which will fhortly be a great ornament and flielter to the country. There are 2 fmall villages, Cavertoqvn and Cefsford, the latter of which is a barony in the

Roxburgh family. The ruins of ancient caftles are frequent, and feveral curious antiquities have been dug up.
Population

ED AY
;

in 1793, 952.

one of the Orkney

ides, is

about si miles long ; and nearly 1 broad it confifts chiefly of hills of a moderate height, affording excellent
pafture ; it poffeffes 2 good harbours or roadfteads, each lheltered" by a fmall iflet, where veffels of any burden inay ride in fafety. There is an old

Population in 1793, a parifh in Aberdeenire ; about 10 miles from the coity town ; it is nearly_of a fquare f<
affections.

ECHT

W.

chapel in ruins, and the remains of

fc-

EDE
houfes. Near this ifland are feveral pafture ifies or holms ; on which are the ruins of feveral religious Eday contains about 600 edifices. inhabitants. a pa*ih in the county of Sutherland ; it occupies the corner of the ifland of Great N
Tc-ral religious

EDE
a confiderable river, and ; having a very level courfe from Cupar to the fea, it might be made navigable at no great expence ; more fo, as the tide flows within a fhoi-t diftance of that town ; it abounds with trout and a few falmon, but the hfhing of the latter is much deftroyed by the numerous feals or pboci which refort to St. Andrews bay. The placid ftream of the river, and the tine fcenery which diverfifies and adorns its banks, long fince fired the imagination of the native
it is

tin-own

EDDERACHYUS;
W.

Britain, extending

from Cape Wrath

fo-uthwards 20 miles in length, and about 10 in breadth; it is interfered by feveral hies or arms of the fea,

which abound with

fifh,

and

afford

g-ood harbours for fmall veifels. The poet Johnstone, and found a place face oT the country, like the reft of in his fong

the Highlands, is mountainous and " Arva inter nemorifque umbras, et pafrocky, and the more inland part, ata lata which cohftitutes part of Lord Reay's Le?itfiuens > i>itreis, labitur Eden aquis." deer foreft, prefents a vaft group of E)en is alfo the name of a river in rugged mountains, with their fummits enveloped in clouds, and divided from Bervickfhire. Vide Edenham parifh, EDENHAM, or one another by deep and narrow glens, ; a vilwhofe declivities are fo rugged and lage and parifh in the county of RoxThe village is pleafantly fitufteep, as to be dangerous to travellers burgh. unacquainted with the way, or unfur- atet on the fmall river Eden, which nifhed with guides; yet inthefe wilds rife in the borders of Selkirkfhire, and are reared many cattle, the pafture jobs the Tweed at Edenmouth, about they afford being rich and luxuriant. 2 niles below the village. It is regu,Several iflands are on the coaft, of lar/ built, the houfes being all of brick, which Handa is only inhabited. Lord cohered with tyle or flates there i3 Reay is the fole proprietor. Popula- a manufacture of woollen cloth, fimi-

EDNAM

tion in 1793, 1024,

larto that called Englifh blankets,

;

a parifn in the f aftern diftrict of the county of Rofs. It is about 10 miles in length, and 7 in breadth, walhed on the N. by the Frith of Tain the foil is in general rich and good, but the high hills in the vicinity, by attracting the clouds, render the climate cold, and the harvefts late. There are no natural woods, but Sir Charles Rcf3 of Balnagown, and Mr. M'Leod of Cadboll, have lately planted fome hundred acres with Scots fir : there are the remains of fe:

EDDERTOWN

and

amxtenfive brewery
ed, it

is

lately eftablifh-

contains nearly 300 inhabitants. Tie parifh extends 3! miles in every diEction, watered by the Eden, and banded by the Tweed on the S. and S.i. ; the furface is beautifully varied, luring only 2 riling grounds which dterve the name of hills ; the foil is eseedingly fertile and well cultivated, IV-. James Thomson, author of "the
Stfons,"
iithe

was bora at Edenham manfe, year 1700. Under the patrona,e of the Earl of Buchan, and other veral encampments, and many rude priotic gentlemen, it has been proitones and cairns are faid to point out ofed to erect a monument to his meV where a prince of Denmark snd his rory, on the fummit of Edenham hill, followers lie interred. Population in oe of the eminences above mentione; but the plan has not been accom17935 iooo Eden; a river in Fifefhire. It takes pflied feveral noblemen and gentjenn, however, with a laudable zeal its rife on the borders of Perthfhire, between the towns of Strathmiglo and f- the literary fame of their country, Abernethy, and taking a courfe dut tve met annually at Edenham for E. falls into the German Ocean at the trie years paft, to celebrate Thorn bay of St. Andrews, nearly 17 miles h's birth-day, and to forward the from its fource ; it receives many tri- bfcriptions for the erection of that butary ftreams from the Lomond hills, onunient. Edenham, in 1793, conand paffes by the royal borough of ined about 600 inhabitants. ^upar, over which a r.eat bridge is EDENKEILLIE ;, an extenfive pa:

EDI
rifh in Moray (hire, being 12 miles in length, and 10 in breadth; the furface is hilly, but not mountainous; the

ED I
and has been of material advantage in improving the land ; it bis this difadvantage, however, that by long continuance the fields become very full of weeds, particularly the it is imagined /caller or wild muftard that this would be obviated by throwing the held out in pafture for a few years, and afterwards liming it well The chief rivers before ploughing. of the county of Edinburgh, are the North and Soufu EJks, which, uniting, fall into the Frith cf Forth at the town of Muffelburgh ; the Amond, which
eafily,
;

higheft hill, the Knock of Moray, being of fmall elevation. On the banks of the Findhorn and Divie, is much old natural wood, and the mod varied and

romantic fcenery. There is a confiderable falmon fifhing on the former

river,

at the yearly rent of Befides the extenfive natural woods, there are far more extenfive plantations, particularly on the The cafeftate of the Earl of Moray. tles of Dunphail, and of the DoiOnehill falls into the lame Frith at the village of Relugds, are celebrated remains of of Cramond, and the water of Leith, antiquitv. Population in 1793, 1800. which forms the harbour of thattawfi : or MID- all of thefe abound with trout. The LOTHIAN, is bounded on the N. by iflands of Inchkeith and Cramond, the Frithof Forth and the river Amond, and of Inchmickery, alio belong to which divides it from Weft-Lothian this county, (fee thefe articles.) Few or Linlithgow ; on the E. by Hadding- diftricts of Scotland afford more mitonfhire ; on the S. by the counties of nerals than the county of Edinburgh ; Lanark, Peebles, and Berwick ; and it abounds every where with coal, corner by part of the county limeftone, and freeftone of fuperior at the of Linlithgow. It extends about 30 quality ; and iron ore is very abundant, miles in length, and its breadth varies of different fpecies : the compound from 16 to 20; containing in all about ftone, called the Petunfe Pentlandica, 360 fquare miles, or 230,400 Englifli is found in great quantity in the PentThe furface of the country is land hills, and has been moil fuccefsacres. pleafant, having much level ground, fully employed in the manufacture of interfperfed with fome hills, watered the Britilh porcelain. In the parifh of with many agreeable ftreams, and fhel- Ratho is found a fine fpecies of <wbettered and decorated with woods. The Jlone or hone, of the fmeft fubftance ; arable land, which may be calculated and in the parifh cf Duddingftone, at about one third of the whole, is in a Brickfield, is found fome of the pu'reft ftate of high cultivation, and affords clay, fit for making the fineft earthen excellent crops. The 2 great ridges ware. All the hills exhibit marks of of hills which pafs through the county, volcanic origin, being chiefly comcalled the Moorfoot and the Pentland pofed of porphyric lava and bafaltic hills, afford pafture ; the former is far whin/lone, which in many places, pgffuperior, in quality to the latter: in ticnlzrly Arthur' s-Seat and Craig-Lockthefe hills it is generally remarked that hart, exhibit regular cryftallizations : the N. fide of the hill is the fmeft and near Glencrofs, and in the Braid-kills, beft pafture, contrary to what we are found great veins of the heavy fpar, fhould be apt, a priori, to imagine. larytes, or as it is termed by the miners, Like the other parts of the country, marmor metallicum, which is fo reguthis diftrict experiences the confe- lar an attendant on metallic veins, esquences of an infulated fituation ; be- pecially of lead and copper; it is hoped ing fubjecl to that inftability and un- that fome valuable treafure will fooh certainty, that the climate in one day be brought to light. All the hills conexhibits the weather of every feafon tain fpecimens of thofe curious and of the year ; the cold E. winds in the rare minerals, which are termed zeofpring are exceedingly detrimental to lites, jaf pers, /pars, &c. From the vifruit, and in autumn the baa'rs or mifts cinity to the metropolis, numerous from the fea, are apt to whiten and feats of nobility and gentry are every wither the corns before they are ripe. where to be feen ; an attempt even to The immediate vicinity of many of name the moft remarkable would be the farms to the metropolis affords the futile ; eipecially as they fhall be noopportunity of procuring ftrcet dung ticed in the defcription of the parochiis let

which

90I. fterling.

EDINBURGHSHIRE,

W.

EDI
al diftrift in

EBI
are fituated.

which they

within

its

roof. It

is

faid to have beeii

:

not equal to the defign. In this fteeple, which is elevated 161 feet from its bafe, is a fine fet of mufical bells, EDINBURGH; which are played from 1 to 2 o'clock every day. Near to this is the parliament-boufe, now occupied by the courts of feffion and exchequer 5 the from London it formerly was much great hall, which is occupied by the confined in its limits, confifting chiefly court of the Lord Ordinary, is 123 of what is now termed the Old Town ; feet long, and 49 broad ; its roof, but its extent has been lately much which has been lately repaired and increafed by 'the buildings on the N. embellifhed, is much admired for the termed the New Town, and fome beauty of its workmanfhip, and the
;

Befides the city of Edinburgh and its fuburbs, in which we may include the town of Leith, this county contains feveral large towns and villages, as Dalkeith, Muffelburgh, Liberton, Laffkyade, and Gilmerton, and is divided into 3.1 parifhes, containing in The valued all 122,655 inhabitants. rent is 191,0541. 3s. 9d. Scots, and the real rent is 151,5001. fterling. t>e metropolitan city of Scotland, and the county town of Mid-Lothian, to which county it often gives its name. It lies in 55 57' N. latitude, and 3* 14' W. longitude

founded in 854 above, there is a lofty fquare tower, from which arife feveral (lender and elegant arches, terminating a point, and fupporting a very handfome fpire ; the whole is ornamented with final] turrets, and intended to exhibit the refembiance of an imperial crown, but the effect is
originally

handfome ftreets and fquares which have been built on the S. The Old Town is fituated on a narrow fteep hill, about a mile in length, terminated on the W. by an abrupt rocky precipice, on which the caftle is built, and defcending with a gradual declivity to the E. where the palace of Holyroodhoufe is fituated on a beautiful plain, called St, Ann's Yards, or the King's J: ark from this plain, on both fides of the hill, 2 valleys extend the whole length of the high-ftreet the fouthern one occupied by the Cowgate, a narrow
.

elegance of the architecture

it is

or-

namented with
it

feveral portraits,

and

has a fine marble ftatue of Duncan Forbes, lord preiident of the court of fefiion, by Roubilliac, executed at the expence of the faculty of advocates this hall is termed the outer-houfe. 1 tie inner chamber, where the lords of ftffion and j.uft-iciary hold their court,
enter;, from it, and its appearance is by no means equivalent to the honourable office to which it is appro-

mean
the

lane; the other terminating in a marfh, which was lately drained, called

North Loch. The high-ftreet, which runs along the ridge of the hill lections of books and manufcripts in from the caftle to the palace, on ac- the kingdom. In the middle of the count of its length, width, and the fquare or clofe, which s before the pari

priated : above the great hall is the court of excheoner, where the barons of that court fit in judgment ; below, is the room occupied as the Advocates Library,, which is one of the beft col-

height of the houfes, is accounted one of the moft ftriking and remarkable in Europe ; its form has not unaptly been compared to that of a turtle ; the caftle begin the head, the ftreet the back, and the numerous by-lanes,

which go
fides.

off at right angles, its [helving

in

Nearly

the middle of the

high-ftreet ftandsthe TolbooJj,a.n ugly

and ruinous pile, which has been long intended to be demolifhed, and acts of parliament have been procured for that purpofe, the terms of which have been twice allowed to expire without any thing having been done. On the S. of this disfigured building ftands the fine Gothic cathedral of St. Giles, containing 4 places of public worfhip

liament-houfe, there is a beautiful equeftrian ftatue of CharlesII.inbronze, in which the proportions are admirably obferved. On the oppofite fide of the high-ftreet, a little to the E. is the Royal Exchange ; founded in the year 1753, by the patriotic George Drummond, Efq ; it is a very elegant building, in the form of a fquare, and coft, including the price of the area,
as an

31,457b 'fterling; it is not occupied exchange, the merchants ftill

tranfacting their bufinefs on the ftreet near where the crofs formerly ftood.

At

the corner of the high-ftreet, formed by the South Bridge, is the Tron church, founded in 1637, but of late much modernized and improved*-

EDI
Proceeding farther E. the ftreet afFumes the narrre of the Canongate, which may be confidered as a fort of burgh of vaffalage, governed by a baron-bailie, and 2 other refident magiftrates, appointed by the town council ; on the north fide of this ftreet is an elegant church, and the whole is terminated by the royal palace of It is a very neat and Hotyroodhoufe. handfome building, in the form of a fquare, the greater part being built by James V. and completed by Charles
II.

EDI
and the accefs to thefe feparate lodgings was by a common ftair, expofed to every inconvenience arifing from filth, fteepnefs, darknefs, and danger from fire. Such, in a great meafure, is the fituation of the Old Town at this day the fteepnefs of the afcent makes the accefs from the N. and S. to the
:

The

fquare, in the center,

;

is

fur-

rounded with piazzas and the chief rooms have been lately fitted up for
the reception of a part of the unfortunate royal family of France, when obliged by the troubles in that kingdom to take refuge in this country : there are, belides, apartments for the commander in chief for North Britain, for the Duke of Hamilton as hereditary keeper of the palace, and for other noblemen. The great hall, where the nobles of Scotland meet to choofe the
iixteen peers,
is

hung round with ima-

ginary portraits of the Scottifh monarchs, from Fergus I. to James VI. Adjoining to the palace is the fmall ruinous chapel of the Holycrofs or Holyrood, which was fet apart as a chapel royal, and for the Knights of the order of theThiftle ; it was founded by David I. in 112 8, and completely deftroyed by the Prefbyterians, when their reforming zeal laid wafte every thing which had the appearance of idolatrous worfhip. The environs of the palace afford an afylum for infolvent debtors, and the park, or St. Ann's Yard, permits them to take healthful exercife, that plain being alio within the bounds of the fancluary. In the middle of the laft century, courts and fquares were unknown in Edinburgh ; the Parliament Clofe was the only vacant fpace within the royalty : the fquares which have appeared in the S. fide of the town are of recent date, and are the laft improvements in the conveniency of building, which have appeared within the limits of the ancient royalty. From the confinement in fpace, and the great demand for houfes in the neighbourhood of the court, the houfes of the Old Town are piled to an enormous height, fome of them amounting to 12 or 13 ftoreys each of thefe were denominated lands,

; and, without doubt, had been the great means of retarding the enlargement of the city to remedy this inconvenience on the N. and with a view to extend the town in that quarter, an elegant bridge, called the North Bridge, has been thrown over the Loch, which joins the riling ground on the N. to the middle of the high-ftreet. In like manner, to facilitate the communication with the S. the South Bridge has been thrown over the valley in which the Cowgate runs, which is built on every fide, except at the middle arch and the elegance of the houfes and fnops cannot fail to ftrike all ftrangers with furprife and delight the price of the areas for building on this ftreet cannot be mentioned without aftonifhment:- one lot fold at the rate of 151,0001. per a:

high-ftreet very difficult

cre fome were fold at 109,0001. but the general price was from 8o,ocol. to 96,0001. for the fame extent! The New Town is fituated on an elevated plain, N. from the old city, and united to it by the North Bridge and the Earthen Mound, hereafter mentioned. It was begun to be built in 1767; and we may with juftice obferve, that no city in the world can exhibit more regularity, beauty, or magnificence, than the new buildings laid down here. It confifts of 3 parallel ftreets, running E. and W. nearly a mile in length, interfered with crofs ftreets at regular and convenient diftances. The moil north!

erly is Sgueen's-Jlreet, about 100 feet broad, the S.fide of which only is built, commanding an extenfive view of the Frith of Forth, the county of Fife, and the flapping in the river: thefouthernis
Prince''s-ftreet, fimilar to i^ueen' s-ftreet, the N. fide only being built, and looking towards the majeftic buildings of the Old Town, the caftle-hill, and the end of this fortifications : at the ftreet is an elegant church, called the Weft kirk, which terminates the vifta with its fine fpire. The middle, or George'street, does not extend the length of the other two, being termi-

W.

EDI
TiStpQ

EB1
,

on the E. by St. Andre-iv

Square,

manner, by Charlotte's Square; the former of -which is finely ornamented by the elegant houfe of Sir Laurence Duuclas, now Occupied as' the Bxtiije-offiee. In George' s-jlreet is St. Andrew's church, a very handfome building the fpire is very elegant, but by far too (lender

and on the

W.

in a fimilar

for its great height : exactly oppofite to this church, and receding from the ftreet in the fame proportion as the portico of the church advances, is the Phyficians' -hall, a fmall elegant building, with a portico of 8 handfome Corinthian pillars in front: farther to the W. of the fame ftreet ftands the AJfembly-rooms, which, though a heavylooking building on the outfide, is elegantly fitted up within, containing, befkles the fpacious faloon, and the large dancing-room, many fmall rooms for tea, cards, and retiring-rooms for At the N. end of the the ladies. North Bridge, are the Regifier-ojfice and the Theatre; the former is an elegant building, on a plan of the elder Adams, extending aoo feet iff front towards the bridge, and 40 feet back from the line of Prince's-ftreet it has a tower at each end, and in the center of the building is a dome or cupola, covered with lead ; the in fide forms a faloon, lighted at the top, and having a fine ftatue of his Majelty, by the Hon. Mrs. Damer, in the center round the faloon are depofited the records, and a ftone gallery with an iron baluftrade affords conveniency for examining them: the reft of the building is divided into 97 vaulted apartments, where a number of clerks are eonftantly employed in carrying on the b'lfinefs of the court of feffion. The whole is under the direction of the Lord Regifter, who is one of the great officers of ftate, and the principal clerks of feffion are his deputes. Nearly oppofite to the Regifter-office is the Theatre, with a neat portico, and ornamented at top with a ftatue of Shakefpear, fupported by the comic and the tragic mufe : the houfe is neatly fitted up within, but by no means with the elegance fnitable to the theatre of the metropolis. Not far from this, on Leith walk, is an Equejlrian Amphitheatre, the Circus of which is about 60 feet diameter. On the top of the Calton-hill, which lies

nearly oppofite to the Circus, is the' Obf:rvatory, the direction of which is now attached to the profefforfhip of natural philofophy in the univeriity : near it, on the fame hill, is lately erected a Bridewell, after an exteniive and elegant plan of the late Mr. Adana'sj On the Calton burying ground, near the verge of the hid, is a line circular monument, in the Greek tafte, with fide wings, erected to the memory of David Hume, Efq. the hiftorian of England. Before we leave the New Town, we muft not forget to mention the Earthen Mound, and H reirs Mufeum. The Earthen Mound,

whichforms acommunication between the New and Old Town, is entirely compofed of the earth and rubbilh dug from the foundations of the new
buildings
;

it

is

and

its

breadth

is

800 feet in length, nearly one half of

that extent ; the height from the furface of the ground, formerly covered with the North Loch, is at the S. end

92 feet, and at the N. end 58 feet, containing 455,250 cubic yards of earned earth, which, allowing 3 cartloads to every cubic yard, makes 1,305,750 cartloads in the mound. This ufeful ftreet coft the city only the expenceof fpreadingthe earth; where as, had the city been at the expence of driving the rubbilh, it would have
coft

low Mufeum
fo
tion,

32,643k 15s. fterling, fuppofmg it Weir's as 6d. per cartload. is an extenfive collection of

natural hiftory, in excellent preservaand we are more gratified when we confider that it was formed by .1 man whofe fortune was far from liberal, but whofe exertions were very great. On the S. fide of the Old Town the ftreets are not near fo elegant and regular; but many of the buildings are exteniive and beautiful. At the S.end of the South Bridge is the Unit'erjity, for a defcription of which, vide Edin-

burgh (University of.) Nearly oppofite to it, at the diftance of 500 feet, is the Royal Infirmary, built in 1738, and the contributors incorporated by royal charter. The building
confifts of a body, and 2 wings in front, and a new wing has been lately added, extending backwards from the W. end. The front is elegant, adorned with a fine ftatue of George II. in a Roman habit, with two appofite fcriptura? lines on each fide : " J ivas fick and

EDI
me; I was,
v.
'

EDI

The High iked and ye chemical private lectures. ye wifited In the hall is a buft of Sc&oalvS. Edinburgh lias been lung declothed me." George Drummond, Efq. one of the ftrvedly famous for the fcholars it has produced: the old buildings becoming chief benefactors, with this infeription " George Drummond, to whom this ruinous, a new building, on an elegant country is indebted for the benefit and anextenfive plan, was built in 1 7 7 7, which it derives from the Royal In- for the accommodation of the teachers The hofpital can accom- and their fcholars. There is a rector firmary." modate nearly 300 patients, all in fe- and 4 matters, whofe falaries are trifparate beds the male patients occu- ling, but their fees for teaching render pying one fide of the horde, and the it a place of conhderable emolument. females the other. Two wards are Eefides the High School, there are appropriated to the clinical patients, 4 eftablifhed Englifh fchools in Edinor thofe cafes on which the phy ficiaus burgh, under the patronage of the give lectures. The upper ftorey is oc- town council, and many private fchools, cupied as the furgeons wards, and the where every branch of education is lower part of the fpirc is tire theatre taught at a moderate rate. The Conwhere chirurgical operations are per- cert, or St. Cecilia? s-ball, ftands in formed, and u here a fermon is preach- Niddry-ftreet ; it was built in 1762, ed weekly by the chaplain to con- after the model of the opera theatre valefcents, and thofe whole cafes do of Parma, from a plan of Sir Robert not prevent their attenciance. Eefides Mylne the rnufic room is oval, cothe apartments for the lick, there are vered with an elliptical concave dome, rooms for the houfe furgeon and lighted at the top ; the orcheftra is clerks, for the nurfes and other fer- at the upper end, which is terminvant-s, and confulting rooms for the nated by a fine organ, and the feats furgeons and phylicians. There are are ranged in an oval form, capable of two regular attendant phylicians, be- containing about 500 perfons it isfupfide the clinical phyfician, and 4 fur- ported by private fubferiptions, and. geons, who attend, in rotation. The the affairs of the fociety are managed ftudents pay 3 guineas for leave to by a governor, deputy-governor, a they geneattend, which brings nearly 500I. fter- treafurer, and 5 directors ling per annum towards defraying the rally employ excellent performers, and expence of the houfe. Analogous to the directors diftribute tickets gratuithis inftitution is the Dijpenfary, found- toufly to all ftrangers for admittance ed by the exertions of Dr. Andrew to their weekly concerts. The largeft Duncan, in 1776, for the poor, whofe fquare in Edinburgh, George's Square, difeafes are of fuch a nature as to is fituated in the S. fide of the Old render admiffion into the Infirmary Tonvn, adjoining to the Meadows or improper the houfe is a neat plain Hope-Park. It contains many very ebuilding, in Richmond-ftreet, having legant houfes of nobility and gentry, a fine bafs relief of the " good Sama- and in the S. E. comer, a fmall neat ritan" over the entrance here, nu- Apfembly-room has been lately built by merous patients are relieved ; and, as fubfeription. There are, befides, fethe phylicians officiate gratis, the only veral other fquares in this quarter, as expence is the apothecary and the Nicbolfou's, St. Patrick's, Brcqjuu's, Alimedicines. The Lying-in Hofpital in fon's, Sec. which are equally of ornaPark-Place, has alfo been attended ment, and conducive to health. As we with the moft beneficial effects ; and, do not conceive it neceffary to defcribe it is hoped, that it will not be given ail the churches and old edifices in the up from want of fupport. Connected city, we fnall now give a curibry view with medical purfuits, we may here of the public buildings, which have take notice of halls lately built by the been erected for charitable purpofes. Royal Medical Society in Surgeon's Heriot's Hofpital ftands moft promiSquare, and by the Royal Pbyfical So- nent, both in point of elegance and ciety in Richmond-ftreet. The old hall importance : this beautiful Gothic pilefor the meeting of the Royal College was founded in 1628, according to a of Surgeons, is fituated in Surgeon's defign of Inigo Jones, and was finifhed Square ; and near it are feveral com- in 1650, at the expence of 30,0001. in modious theatres for anatomical and confeauence of a mortification by
;
1

EDI
George Heviot, goldfmith and jeweller to James VI. " for the maintenance, relief, and bringing up, of fo many poor and fatherlefs boys, freemens ions of the town of Edinburgh." The annual revenue of this charity is
about 4000I. and about 140 boys are boarded and educated on the inftitution.

ED

Watfon's Hofpital,

a neat

mo-

can vie with Edinburgh. Several newfpapers are regularly publifhed, and feveral periodical works have been long carried on, which are defervedly ranked amongft the beft magazines of the prefent day. Betides the 14 incorporated trades, there are feveral called the Trinity Hofpital, and feveral incorporations for the carrying on of other charitable inftitutions. In phi- bufinefs and manufacture. The Merlofophy and general literature, Edin- chants Company was eftablifhed by burgh poffeffes many focieties and in- royal charter in 1681, and they levy The Royal Society of Edin- annually from each member, a final! ftitutions. burgh, the Antiquarian Society, and the fum for defraying insidental expences, Speculative Society, are too well known and for the fupport of their poor. to require eulogium. The Royal Me- There are 4 banking companies, who dical and Royal Pkyjical, already men- iflue notes, befides many private banktioned, and the Natural Hiftory Socie- ers, who difcount bills, and tranfact ties, are eftablifhed and kept up by other bufinefs. The Bank of Scotland, ftudents for the difcuflion of thefe the capital of which was originally fubjects, and for the improvement of ioojoool. but nowincreafedi,ooo,oool. public fpeaking the Juridical Society was eftablifhed by act of parliament in The Royal Bank of Scotland is eftablifhed for the fame purpofe, 1695. and many eminent lawyers are ranked was incorporated by royal charter id For amufe- 1727, the original capital wasi io,oool. amongft its members. ment, there are alfo the Royal Society but is now the fame as that of the of Archers, the Company of Golfers, Bank of Scotland. The Britifh Linen the' Company of Hunters, and the Company was erected into a body corRoyal Academy or Manege for riding, porate in 1746, with power to raife a the mafter of which has a falary from capital of ibo,oool. fterling, to proThere is alio a fociety mote and encourage the linen manuhis Majefty. for the Propagation of Chriflian Know- facture of the kingdom ; and the effect ledge ; another for the fons and wi- of its operations appears from the dows of the Clergy, and feveral focie- amazing increaie of that manufacture ties for the encouragement of arts, fince the erection of that company. manufactures, filheries, &c. &c. As Sir William Forbes, James Hunter Leith is the port Of Edinburgh, only and Company, are the only private a miles diftant, and better fitted for bankers who iffue their own notes. the carrying on of trade than the city, There are alfo feveral infurance offices, moft'of the merchants reiide at that fome of which have their origin in port ; fo that the fupport of the city Edinburgh, and others are branches depends on the confumption of the from the offices in London. In tht neeefiaries, as well as the fuperfluities political conftitution, of Edinburgh,
:

dern building, was founded in 1738, *' for the maintenance and education of the children and grandchildren of decayed members of the merchant company of Edinburgh," in conlequence of a bequeft of i2,oool. from George Watfon, an accountant of the Bank of Scotland; its revenue is nearly 2000I. per annum, and in it about 60 boys are maintained and educated. The Orphan Hofpital maintains about 50 girls. There are alfo a Merchants Maiden Hofpital, a Trades Maiden Hoffital, Gillejpie's Hofpital for decayed old merchants, 3 Charity WorkhoUfes, an Afylum for the Blind, an Alms-houfe,

of life. The principal dependences of the trades people and fhop-keepers are from its being the feat of the court, and of the univerfity ; which caufe a confiderable concourfe during the feflions. The country gentlemen, and thofe who have made fortunes abroad, generally refide in the city a great part of the year, for the fake of the public diverfions and thecompany and a great part of the rents of country gentlemen are drawn and "circulated amongft the bankers and other agents. At Edinburgh, indeed, are carried on many manufactures ; in particular, of fine linen and cambric and, if printing be accounted^ manufacture,

few towns

in

the

kingdom

EDI
the town council have the direction of ail public affairs ; the members of that body are 33, including the ordinary and extraordinary counfellors from thefe the lord provoft, dean of
:

EDI
|
r

pipes yield upwards of 4240 pints in a minute, or 3000 tons in 24 hours: after fupplying the inhabitants, a large ftream of limpid water runs down the
ftreets for

many hours day and

night.

guild,

bailies,

and treafurer, are

elected.

The

lord provoft,
is

who

is

high fheriff, coroner, and admiral within the city and liberties, and within the town, harbour, and road of Leith he has alfo a jurifdiction in matters of life and death he is prefes of the convention of royal boroughs, colonel of the trained bands, of the city guard, and of the Edinburgh jail. Within the city he has the precedency of all the great officers of ftate, and the nobility, walking on the right hand of the King, or his Majefty's commiflioner, and has the privilege of a fword and mace carried before him. The bailies have jurifdiction under the lord provoft ; the dean of guild has the charge of the public buildings, and no houle can be erected without his warrant. Formerly the provoft was one of the officers of the Scottilh parliaftyled Right Honourable,
:

Leith is diftant only 2 miles from Edinburgh, and is connected with it by a fine walk or promenade for foot paffengers ; and ftage-coaches ftart every half hour, at a low fare. There are alfo ftage-coaches eftablifhed from Edinburgh, in almoft every direction through the kingdom. Before we proceed to give a fhort fketch of the rife and progrefs of the city, it will be necefiary to defcribe the caftle, as being connected witli the hiftory. Edinburgh caftle, as before mentioned, is fituated on the weftern extremity of the hill on which the Old Town is built. The buildings of the town terminate about 300 feet from the caftle-gate,. and this vacant fpace is termed the caftle-hill. The caftle confifts of an area of about
6 acres, and from its fituation is 0 ftrong, that, if the fact did not contradict

our fpeculation, we fhould have

the magiftrates are fneriffsdepute, and juftices of the peace. The town council are patrons of all the churches in Edinburgh, of moft of the profefforfhips in the univerfity, and are the electors of the city's reprefentative in parliament : they are fuperiors of the Canongate, Portfburgh, and Leith, and appoint baron-bailies for the government of thefe refpective diftricl:s, and thefe officers appoint refident bailies, to whom they delegate their authority. For the fafety of the city, the io-wn guard and watchmen patrole every night; and the police is fo ftrict, that robberies are very rare, and jlreet-murderis unknown. The free revenues of the city, ariling partly from duties of different kinds, and partly from landed property, is eftimated at upwards of io,oool. ilerling per annum ; butthe places of profit and emolument, at the difpofal of the town-council, maybe eftimatedatnotlefsthanso,oool. annually. The markets of Edinburgh are well fupplied with provifions of all kinds, and'there are 2 large refervoirs for water, from which every part of the city and Leith are amply fupplied moft of the water is brought to the refervoirs from the diftance of 4 or 5 eiiles ; and, it is calculated, that the
;

ment

all

it, before the invention of have been impregnable. It is fituated on a precipitate, and in many parts, perpendicular rock, about 300

conjectured
artillery, to

feet high,

and abfolutely

inacceffible,

except from the caftle-hill. Here the entry is defended by an outer barrier of palifadoes within is a dry ditch, draw-bridge, and gate, defended by two flanking batteries of 4 guns., and the whole is commanded by a half moon, mounted with large brafs artillery. Beyond this are two gateways, the firft of which is very ftrong, and has
:

two portculliffes. Immediately beyond the inner gateway, upon the right, is a battery of 8 guns, of 18 and 12 poundand near to thefe, are ftorehoufes gun carriages, and other implements of artillery next to thefe, on
ers
;

for

the north,

the grand arfena!. containing 8000 ftand of arms, and other apartments for the fame ufe, capable of containing 22,000 more ; next is the bomb-proof powder magazine, and the fort-major's, the governor's, and the ftoremafter's lodgings beyond thefe are a mortar ai:d feveral gun batteries. The upper part of the caftle contains 1 half moon battery, a chapel, a parade for exercife, and houfes in the. form of a fquare, .appropriated Abo^t for the officers lodgings.
is
;
_j_

ED

EDI

years ago new barracks were erecled Ebufa, in the year 452, till the defeat on the W; fide of the caftle, and the of Egbrid King of Northumberland, whole wards can now accommodate in 685, by the Picts, who repoffcffed about 1600 men. On the E. fide of themfelves of it : the Saxons reconthe fquare were formerly royal apart- quered it in the 9th century, and kept ments, and the chamber is ftill fhewn it till the year 956, when it was given where James VI. was born ; in another, up to Indulphus King of Scotland. the regalia of Scotland were depofited The firft time we have the town named with much formality, on the 26th by the title it now has is in 1128, when March, 1707, and are faid to be ftill King David I. founded the abbey of kept there, but they are never fhewn; Holyroodhdufe, by a charter dated and a fufpicion has arifen, that they burgo meo de Edvinejburg. In 74, have been carried to London, which the caftie of Edinburgh was furrendconfirmed, as the keeper of ered to Henry II. of England, to puris more the jewel-office in the tower of Lon- chafe the freedom of King William I, don fhews a crown, which he calls the who had been defeated at Alnwick, crown royal of Scotland. The go- and taken prifoner by the Engliih. vernor of the caftle is generally a no- When William regained his freedom, bleman, whofe place is worth about he entered into an alliance with Henry, 1000L a year. As the governor never and marrying Henry's coufin Ermenrefides, his apartments are occupied garde, received the caftie 26 part of her by the deputy-governor, who is cal- dower. In 1 2 15, a provincial fynod and culated to be worth 500I. per annum. parliament was held within the city, at There is alio a fort-major, a ftore- which time it appears to have been a keeper, a maftcr-gunner, a furgeon, place of great note. In 1296, the caftle and a chaplain ; neither of the two laft was befieged by Edward I. of England, refide. There is a company of invalids and taken by affault ; it was again rewith their officers, and generally the covered in 1313, by Randolph Earl of whole effective of fome marching regi- Moray, afterwards regent during the ment. Notwithftanding the natural minority of David II at laft Robert ftrength of the caftle, it is not able to Bruce demoliihed this fortrefs ; as well withftand a fiege regularly conducted; as feveral others, left they fhould affift none of the fortifications, except the the endeavours of the Englifh to overpowder magazine, are bomb-proof, awe the inhabitants into fubmiffion. and the fplinters from the rock would It lay in ruins for many years, till it make a bombardment ftill more formi- was rebuilt by Edward III. of England, dable ; it is, however, a commodious who garrifoned it ftrongly. In 1341, centrical fituation for foldiers, and is it was again in poffefiion of the Scots, nfed as a, ftate prifon for thofe accufed acquired by a ftratagem of William of treafon, and for prifoners of war de Douglas, the fame who had contrias fuch it is kept in good repair. With buted to the victory gained by the regard to the antiquity of Edinburgh Scots at the Borough muir ; (vide Forand its caftle, we are much in the dark dun's Scotichronkon, lib. 13. cap. 47.) thomoft ancient name by which we find About this time we find that Edinit diftinguifhed, is that of Cajlelb Mynyd burgh was the ufual refidence of the Agiied, or " the caftle of the hill of St. royal family ; it was the frequent feat Agnes :" afterwards it was named of the parliament, and the feveral moCafirum Puellarum, becaufe the Pic"tiih narch s had conferred on it many priprinceffes were educated in the caftle, vileges ; in particular, the fuperiority till they were married. The ages when of the port and mills of Leith. In 1461, thefe names were given cannot now a very confiderable privilege was conbe cxaclly afcertained, but the town ferred on the city by Henry VI. of doe6 not feem to have been of very England, in confequence of their kindgreat antiquity, as Mr. Whittaker in- nefs to him when in a ftate of exile, forms us, that the celebrated King Ar- viz. that the inhabitants fhould have thur fought a battle on the fpot where liberty to trade to all the Engliih ports, on the fame terms as the city of Lonit is fituated, about the end of the jth .-ditary. The caftle is more ancient; don. James IV. conferred many privileges on the city, many of whici; it it continued in the hands of the AngloSaxons from the iuvafion of Octa and ftill enjoys. By the overthrow of that

EDI
were
:

E DI

monarch, at Flowden, the inhabitants the Catholic perfuafion. Tn a capital thrown into the utmoft confter- like Edinburgh, which is making rapid nation and difmay for the iafety of the improvement, and in a country where but the magistrates accommo- trade, agriculture, and commerce are city dating themfelves to the exigency of fo much on the increaie, the manners their Situation, bravely refolved to de- of the people cannot be Stationary, nor

their ftyle of living long the fame. The fend the city to the laft extremity they levied money to extend and re- higher ranks fpend, now and then, a new the fortifications, which had fallen portion of their time in London, and into diSrepair, and enacted that every fall into the fafhions of that metropolis. fourth nvan fhould watch and ward As the inferior ranks always copy the in rotation. Although this alarm foon manners of their fuperiors, thefe are iubfided, and the inhabitants were gradually communicated from one cirgradually relieved from the trouble of cle to another, till a change isproduced watching at night, yet a ceitain num- in the whole community ; wealth afber Were appointed to prevent disturb- fording the means, luxury creeps in mail contrail our account ances, which continue to this day, and apace. are termed the itewn guard. At this of the prefent manners, with that given period of alarm, the plague alfo made by an Englishman who vifited Edinits appearance, and almoft depopulat- burgh in 1598, as quoted by Mr. Arnot. ed the city, In 1504, the town was " Myfelf," fays he, " was at a knight's nearly rebuilt with wooden hcufes; houfe, who had many fervants to atand in the fame century, Edinburgh tend him, that brought in his meat, and Leith were completely laid wafte with their heads covered with blue by an Englifh fleet, which had failed caps, the table being more than half up the Forth ; but thefe towns foon re- fumifhed with great platters of porcovered from their runious ftate, and ridge, each having a little piece of fedbecame more fplendid than before. den meat; and, when the table was In 13 70, the cattle underwent a long ferved, the fervants fat down with us % fiege ; the town being held by the but the upper mefs, inftead of porridge, party of the regent, while Sir William had a- pullet, with fome prunes in the and I obferved no art of cookKirkaldy, the brave governor of the broth caftle, declared for Queen Mary. He ery, or furniture of houfehold- Stuff, was obliged to furrender by the inter- but rather rude neglect of both, though ference of Queen Elifabeth ; but the myfelf and my companions, fent from Englifh commander, who promifed the governor of Berwick, about bordhim honourable treatment, gave him ering affairs, were entertained after up to the regent, by whom he was their belt manner. The Scots, living fhamefully hanged. After this period, then in factions, ufed to keep many we find few occurences of great mo- followers, and fo confirmed their rement in hiftory in which the city was venue of victuals, living in fome want particularly concerned, till the period of money. They vulgarly eat hearthof 1715 and 1745, when it came into cakes of oats, but in cities have alio poffeffion of the rebel army ; and in wheaten bread, which, for the moit the latter year, the pretender had his part, was bought by courtiers, gentlefather proclaimed at the crofs in great men, and the beft fort of citizens. pomp, and paffmg his time in idle gran- They drink pure wines, not with fztgar deur, inftead of profecuting the advan- as the EngViJh : yet, at feafts, they put tages which he had obtained, allowed comfits in the wines, after the French the advantage to be loft,andEdinburgh manner ; but they had not our vintproved to Charles, the fame that Ca- ners' fraud to mix their wines. I did pua of old was to Hannibal. In 1778 never fee nor hear that they have any and 1779, two very alarming difturb- public inns with figns hanging out ances happened, thatthreatenedagreat but the better forts of citizens brew deal of bloodfhed, though happily they ale, their ufual drink, (which will diiwere terminated without any. The temper a Stranger's body) and the firft was the mutiny of Lord Seaforth's fame citizens will entertain paffengers regiment of Highlanders; and the other upon acquaintance or entreaty. Their was the destruction of the Popifh cha- bedfteads- were then like cupboards pels, and other depredations on thofe of in the wall, with doors to be opened

We

EDI
and fhut
at pleafure, fo as

EDI
we climbed

of citizens wives, and the women of up to our beds. They ufed but one the country, did wear cloaks made of fheet, open at the fides and top, but a coarfe liuff, of two or three colours, in checker-work, vulgarly called -plodclofe at the feet, and fo doubled. When paffengers go to bed, their cuf- an. To conclude, in general, they tom was to prefent them with a deep- would not at this time be attired after ing cup of wine at parting. The coun- the Englifh fafhion, in any fort but try people and merchants ufed to drink the men, especially at court, follow largely the gentlemen fomewhatmore the French fafhion ; and the women* iparingly ; yet, the very courtiers, by both in court and city, as well in night meetings, and entertaining any cloaks as naked heads, and clofe itranger, ufed to drink healths not fieeves on the arms, and all other garwithout excefs ; and, to fpeak truth ments, follow the fafhion of the wo^ without offence, the excefs of drinking men in Germany." About 20 or 30 was then far greater in general among years ago, the generality of the people the Scots than the Englifh. TVlyfelf of Edinburgh were in ufe to dine at being at the court, invited by fome a o'clock : fhop-keepers were wont gentlemen to flipper, and being fore- to lock their fliops at one for dinner, warned to fear this excefs, would not and open them again at two o'clock ; promife to fup with them, but upon bufmefs was attended to by all ranks condition that my inviter would be after dinnef : a fimple dinner, conmy protection from large drinking, fining of one or two plain difhes* which I was many times forced to in- was the ufual fare ; wine was feldom voke, being courteoufiy entertained, or never feen at the tables of the and much provoked to carouiing; and middle ranks. The intercourfe of fo for that time avoided any great in- the fexes was kept up chiefly at tea temperance. Remembering this, and vilits at 5 o'clock. The people of having iince obferved, in my converfa- Edinburgh were exemplary for their tion at the Englifh court, with the regular attendance at church. Public Scots of the better fort, that they places were little frequented ; exceptfpend great part of the night in drink- ing at the theatre, the middling ranks ing not only wine, but even beer; as feldom appeared at any public amufemyfelf cannot accufe them of any great ments. Families had, in general, only intemperance, fo I cannot altogether one or two maid-fervants * a liveryfree them from the imputation of ex- fervant was, we believe, unknown in cefs, wherewith the popular voice the middling ftation. The wages of chargeth them. The hufbandmen in a maid-fervant, in general, was from Scotland, the fervants, and almoft all 3I. to 4I. a-year they dreffed in red the country, did wear coarfe cloth cloaks or tartan plaids, and feldom made at home of gray or fky-colour, wore fiioes but on Sundays. The taand flat blue caps, very broad. The verns and lodging-houfes were poor merchants in cities were attired in and dirty there was no fuch place as Englifh or French cloth, of pale co- a hotel. At this period the inhabitlour, or mingled black and blue. The ants of Edinburgh were greatly ingentlemen did wear Englifh cloth or commoded for lodging ; people of iilk, or light ftuffs, little or nothing quality and fafhion were obliged to adorned with filk lace, much lefs with fubmit to fmall, dull, and unhealthy lace of filver or gold; and all followed habitations: as a proof of this, it is at this time the French fafhion, efpe- only neceffary to mention, that, even cially in court. Gentlewomen mar- as late as the year 1783, the houfe ried, did wear clofe upper bodies which, in 1763, the then Juftice Clerk after the German manner, with large inhabited, was pofiefTed by a French whale-bone fieeves after the French teacher ; the Lord Prefident Graigie's manner, fhort cloaks like the Ger- houfe by a rouping Wife, (falefwoman mans, French hoods, and large falling of old furniture) ; Lord Drummore'sbands about their necks. The un- houfe was left by a chairman for want married of all forts did go bare-headed, of accommodation and a houfe lately and wear fhort cloaks, with mod clofe occupied by one of the prefent Lords linen fleeve3 on their arms, like the of Seffion is now poffefled by a tailor. virgins of Germany. The inferior fort Of late the change is alio,, in every
;
;

;,

EDI
other refpect, remarkable. The tables of the middling ranks not only exhibit varieties of difhes, but wines are aland, when a niolt univerfaily drank party goes abroad .to dine,, there they It is much alio ipend the afternoon. to be regretted that the ladies are fo much neglected in thefe parties; the gentlemen, in general, preferring the That bottle to the drawing-room. foftnefs and elegance of manners, which can only be acquired in the company of ladies, is much on the decline. The hour of dinner now is
;

ED

whole, in 1791, 84,886. In the vicinitv of Edinburgh there are many ruins of
ancient religious eilablifhments, which it would be foreign to our work to detail at length ; for a defcription of Leith, as the port of the city, fee

Leith; and

at

Arthur's-Seat

will

and often 5 o'clock, and bufmefs is but feldom attended in the evening. Sunday is now the principal day for feeing company; of ccurfe,the churches are but badly attended. The drefs of people of fafhion was coftly and elegant ; it was accounted abfolutely necefTary to be in drefs at a public place. This part of ceremony is much given up, and people go to affemblies, plays, and concerts, much in the fame way as they go to dinner. The ladies, itill, however, attend more to drefs ; many good confequences might be figured to enfue, were the gentlemen
4,

equally attentive to. this part of ceremony. Hoipitality is a leading feature of the inhabitants. The lower ranks may, with juftice, be charged with intemperance, and this is much owing to the cheap price of whiiky. There were very few inftances ( if any of a citizen of Edinburgh keeping his carriage 20 years fince; now, there are many. The. lodgings, particularly of the New Town, and other newly erecled buildings, are elegant and healthy. In general furniture is to be feen correfponding to the houfes. Though the wages of fervants have been much the fame thefe 20 years,
ly

be found the mineralogy of that mountain. The Calton and Caftle-hill are chiefly compofed of a fpecies of hard whinftone, of a dark colour, called trap by the Swedifh mineralogies, and cor~ neus trapezius nigerfolidus by Schmeiffer fome of it contains a confiderable quantity of decompofed hematites and fcbeorl, and is acted upon by the mineral acids: many of the rocks affume a bafaltic appearance, in irregular cryftallizations the lower ftratum of the Calton is of coarfe breccia, compofed of pieces of porphyric lava, cemented by a reddifh feldt-fpar ; above this is a ftratum of porphyry. In 1785, a conliderable quantity of the rare mineral, called the margodes by Linnaeus, w as difcovered in this ftratum, from the fize of a pea to that of a nutmeg, of a teffalated cryftallized fnape, refembling a garnet; it is nearly of a fimilar nature to the zeolite, of which many beautiful fpecimens have In St. Cuthbert's, alfo been found.
: : r

or Weft Church parifh, is that excellent freeftone quarry which fupplies

the city, and contributes to its elegance. Near Stock-bridge, in the fame parifh, is St. Bernard's well, a ftrong

yet their appearance and drefs is greatimproved ; now, perhaps, thefe are on the other extreme. The extent of the ancient and extended royalty of Edinburgh is about 2 Englilh miles

end of the Fountainbridge to the E. end of the Abbeyhill, and nearly the fame length from the Grange toll-bar on the S. to Broughton on the N. and the circumference is about 7 miles. It comprehends 9 parochial districts ; but in calculating the population, the parilhes of Canoiigate, St. Cuthbert's, South and North Leith, are included j making the

from the

W.

fulphureous fpring, which is much reforted to for its medicinal virtues. The late Lord Gardenftone, thinking highly of the quality of the water, and finding relief from drinking it, caufed a very elegant temple to be erected over it, containing a ftatue of Hygeia, the goddefs of Health, which, though beautifully proportioned in itfelf, is by far too large for the temple under which it ftands. Edinburgh (University of.) In the year 15 81, the magiftrates and town council of Edinburgh obtained a grant from James VI. for founding and eftablifhing an univerfity or college within that city. "The patrons, aided by various donations, purchafed the area, belonging to the collegiate provoftry and prebends of the Kirk-a-field, on the S. fide of the city, and began immediately to prepare the buildings in the belt manner, for the reception of

EDI
the teAchers and ftudents ; and in the month of October, 1583, Robert Rollock, who had been invited from a profefforfhip in St. Andrews, began to teach. He was elected principal next year, and 4 other profeffors were foon
In 161 7, James VI. having vifited Scotland, after his acceffion to the crown of England, and having ordered a public philofophical
after appointed.
j

EDI
|

difputation at Stirling-caftle, was fo fatisfied with the merits of the members of the univerfity of Edinburgh, that he conferred on it many privileges, and defired that for the future

itfliould be

named " the college of King James," which it ftill bears in all its diplomas and public deeds.

For

feveral years the foundation of the college was only a principal, and 4 regents or profeffors of philofophy ; but a profeffor of humanity or Latin was afterwards appointed, a profeflbr for mathematics, and one for the Hebrew and oriental languages. The medical profefforfhips were initituted in 1685 ; but thefe were only titular, till the year 1720, when, in confequence of the great abilities and exertions of Monro the father, an attempt was made to teach every branch of medical knowledge in a regular manner, and the attempt fucceeded fo well, that, ever fmce, the reputation of the univerfity as a fchool of medicine has been conftantly increafmg in Britain, and even amongft The cethe moil diftant nations. lebrity of this college has been greatly owing to the uniform attention of the magiftracy in filling the vacant chairs with men of known abilities in their refpective departments, and they have been always attentive to the inftitution of new profelTbrfhips, as the public feemed to demand them : moft of the chairs have fmall falaries, and the falary of the king's phylician is divided amongft thofe of the faculty of The inmedicine who have none. ftitution at prefent confrfts of a principal and 3 profeffors of the faculty of theology ; 4 profeffors of the faculty of law; 8 of the faculty of medicine; 7 of the faculty of arts; and a profefforfhip of agriculture and rural affairs, lately Bcfides thefe, 2 of the tftablifhed. medical profeffors give regular clinical

important. In conferring degrees* thofe of Dollar of Divinity and La-vj are honorary, and conferred on men of known learning and talents ; thofe of Mafier of Arts and Doctor of Medicine are conferred on candidates, after ftrict private and public examinations. The number of ftudents in the different clafles amount to upwards of 1000 yearly. There are only 50 burfaries, and thefe do not exceed rat per annum. The winter feffion lafts from the middle of October to the beginning of May ; and the fummer feffion, during which botany, natural hi/Itry, and the clinical lectures are taught, begins with May, and lafts- till Auguft. The profeffors are diftinguifhed by long black gowns, but the ftudents have no particular drefs. The old buildings being very mean, and unfit for the reception of fo many profeffors and ftudents, and quite unfuitable to fuch a flourifhing univerfity, and the improved ftate of the city, the magiftrate's and council fet on foot a fubfeription, for erecting a new and magnificent ftructure, according to a defign of the late Robert Adams, Efq. architect. The eftimate for completing the whole was 64,000!. and of this nearly 30,000k was immediately fubferibed for. On the 16th of November 1789, the foundation ftone was laid with great folemnity and grandeur by the Right Honourable Lord Napier, Grand Mafter-mafon of Scotland, in pretence of the magiftrates of Edinburgh, the principal, profeffors, and ftudents of the univerfity, and a number of the firft nobility and gentry of the kingdom. After the committee had expended the
fubferiptions, which amounted in all to about 38,000!. the building was obliged to be given up, and though the N. front, and part of the E. is now fmifhed, it is probable, unlets parliament makes it a national concern, and giants large fupplies, it will

never be finifhed. The E. and W. fronts are to extend 255 feet, and the S. and N. 358. There are to be lodgings for the principal, and 8 of the profeffors. The library is intended to be 160 feet in length ; the mufeum of the fame extent ; the hall for examinations and conferring degrees 90 feet

lectures

on thofe cafes in the Royal Infirmary, which are judged to be moft

by

30.

The

large

and commodious
is

anatomical theatre

already fmilhed>

EDI
and there
to be a fimilar room for ,i chemical laboratory, and large halls for the ihftruments and experiments of the proftfibrs of mathematics, natural piiilofophy, and agriculture. The whole, if completed, will be the moil fplcndid ftri-icture of the kind in the world, and at the fame time the moil
is

EDZ
memory of Linnxus.
fcription
It is

a neatvafc,
this in-

fupported on a pedeftal, with

" Linnao
rifh in

pofuit Jo. Rope."

;

EDLESTOWN

a village

and pa-

complete and commodious. Connected with the Univerfvty are the College Library, the Obfervatory, and the Botanic GafAen. The Library was founded in 1580, bv Mr. Clement Little, advocate, who bequeathed it to the town council ; and itwasfor fometime under the direction of the minifters of Edinburgh, but it was afterwards prtfented to the univerfity. Like other collections of the fame nature, it is entitled
to a copy of every
Stationers' -hall
;

work entered
it receives

at

and

from

each ftudent at matriculation, a fmall contribution, and 5I. from each profeiTor en his admiffion: thefe fums amount to about 170L per annum. Besides a valuable collection of books and manufcripts, it has feveral excellent portraits; and, lately, a fine marble buft of the late celebrated Br. William Cullen, was erected by the members of the faculty of medicine. The mufeum of natural hiftory contains a tolerable collection of natural curionties, and the number is daily increaling. The collection of anatomical preparations, principally collected by Monro the father and the fon, is exceedingly valuable ; and the midwifery preparations are no lefs fo. The Obfervatory, as mentioned in the account of Edinburgh, is fituated on the Calton-hill, and is now under the direction of the prcfeltor of natural philolbphy ; it is

the county of Peebles. The village is fituated near the burn of EMeftu-jjn, on the poll road from Edinburgh, from which it is 17 miles diftant. It contains about 200 inhabitants. The parifh extends 10 miles in length from N. to S. and its greateft is about 7 breadth from E. to miles. The furface is moltly hilly, and devoted to the pafturage of iheep and black cattle. It is watered by the Edlejlo-jon river, which takes its rife from various fprings on the N. and N. E. boundaries, and forming at Co^vey'j Linn a cafcade of 35 feet, falls fmall into the Tweed near Peebles. lake alfo gives rife to the South Efk river, which falls into the fea at Muffel-

W.

burgh. The parifh, in 1793, contained 710 inhabitants. ; a parifh in Berwickfhire is about 10 miles in length, and 6 in breadth, extending along the foot of the Lammermuir hills, and into the a great flat country of the Merfe part of the foil is fertile, and when well cultivated, produces excellent corn ; but, towards the hills, it is muiriih and fhallow ; it is watered by the two rivulets Blackadder and in/tttadder, which here unite near a hamlet called Allanto^vn. The celebrated mineral fpring, which is called Diaife Spa, is on the borders of this pariih, where its march runs with the parifh of Dunfe. The greater part of the land is well enclofed, and drains far from being complete, though it have earned off feveral fmall lakes and contains the famous reflecting tele- marfhes, with which the face of the fcope, invented by the late Mr. Short, country was formerly much disfigured. efteemed the moft perfect inltrument Population in 1790, 1336. of the kind in Britain. The Botanic EDZELL ; a parifh on the N. W. Garden is about a mile from the uni- corner of the county of Angus. It is verfity, on the road from Edinburgh nearly furrounded by 2 rivulets, which to Leith ; it canfifts of about 5 acres here unite, and receive the name of of ground, and contains a great variety the North Efk. The foil is of an inof plants brought from every part of ferior quality, fhallow, and lying on a the world. The profeflbr of botany rocky or gravelly bottom. The whole is botanift to the king, and receives a parifh belongs to the Hon. W. Ramfay falary of 120I. annually for the fupport Maule of Panmure, and Sir Alexander of the garden. The late Dr. Hope, Ramfay Irvine, Bart. The waters of who planned the gar-den, and brought the North Efk, in this neighbourhood, it to its prefent ftate of improvement, appear to contain calcareous matter erected in 1778, a monument to the diflblved in them ; for the whole becj

EDROM

U-a

EIL
of the l'iver is covered with calcareous concretions. The caftle of Edzell is a moft magnificent ruin ; it long was the property of the family of Lindfay, but now belongs to Mr. Maule. There are 3 druidical temples, the ftones of which enclofe an area of an elliptical form, 45 feet in length by 36 ip breadth. Population in 1792, 963. EGLISHAY ; one of the Orkneys ; it is a pleafant, low lying ifland, with a imall Gothic church in the W. part, formerly dedicated to St. Magnus, the tutelar faint of the Orkney ifiands. This church has a pyramidal fteeple, and a vaulted choir, which joins to the
al

ELG
refidence of the chief of the family of Cameron, who take their defignation from it. At the part where the loch turns northward, and changes its name from Linnhe to Eil, ftands Fort William, and the adjoining village of

Maryburgb.

Eildon Hills
in the

three conical hills

;

neighbourhood of Melrofe, in the county of Roxburgh the elevation of two of them is about 2000 feet above the level of the fea, but the N. E. hill is chiefly noted for the veftiges, of a regularly fortified Roman camp, which communicates with other military (rations on the two other hills. body of the church. The coaft is in ELGINSHIRE, or the county of general fandy, and one or two of the MORAY. Vide Moray. bays afford ihell fand, which has been ELGIN, or ELGYN ; a royal bofuccefsfully employed as a manure. rough and county town of Morayfliire, The foil is very good, and in general to which it fometimes gives its name. capable of cultivation ; a confiderable It is pleafantly fituated on the banks tracb on the N. fide, of fandy hills, of the fmall river Loffie, about 2 or covered with bent, contains great 3 miles from its influx into the Gernumbers of rabbits. There are 12 man ocean, where there is a fmall vilor 13 boats employed in the fifhing, lage, called Lojp.e-mouth-, with a tolerand in trading with Shetland and the able harbour it is faid to have been neighbouring ifies. In the months of built by Helgy, general of the army October and November, great quanti- of Sigurd, the Norwegian Earl of ties oifpongc a.n&fan-coral are annually Orkney, who conquered Caithnefs, thrown afhore. It contains upwards Sutherland, Rofs, and Moray, about the year 927. At what time Elgin of 2 10 inhabitants. EIGG ; one of the weftern ifies, at- was erecled into a royal borough does tached to the county of Invernefs, and nqt appear ; the oldeft charter extant is one of the clufter which compofes is from Alexander II. anno i234,"who the parifh of Small Ifies. It is between grants to the burgefies of Elgyn a guild 4 and 5 miles in length, and from 2 to cf merchants, with as extenfive privi3 in breadth, and is computed to be leges as any other borough in Scotland about 8 miles diftant from the Arifaig, enjoys. It was the policy of the fovethe nearer! part of the main land ; it reign, in the middle ages, to give great is partly flat, and partly hilly and privileges and. immunitiesto the towns, rocky, having a fmall valley running for the purpofe of balancing the danthrough it. The low grounds are to- gerous power which the feudal fyftem In Eigg are feen afforded to the nobles ; but when the lerably productive. frequent fpecimens of bafaltic pillars regal governments at any time became over the whole ifland and along the feeble, thefe towns, unequal to their coail the rocks are chiefly of a honey- own protection, were under the necomb lava, exceedingly light and po- ceflity of placing themfelves under the rous, having a great refemblance to fhelter of fome powerful lord in the accordingly, we find pumices, and other volcanic produc- neighbourhood Eigg is the property of John the town of Elgyn accepting charters tions. M'Donaid, Efq. of Clanranald, who of protection, and difcharges of taxes from the Earls of Moray, who held it receives 343I. 12s. 3d. of yearly rent in a fpecies of vaflalage, about the end it contains 400 inhabitants. Eil (Loch) ; the inner part of an of the 14th, and the beginning of the At laft, Charles I. in inlet from the fea, on the borders of 15th century. Argyll and Invernefs-fhires, which, 1633, eftablifhed and confirmed all the nearer the ocean, is known by the grants of his royal predeceflbrs ; and name of Loch Llnnhe : near its head the fett of the burgh was ratified by the occafion- the convention of royal boroughs, in is the Houfe of Loch MT f
; ; :

ELL
1706. Andrew Bifhop of Moray, in j 224, translated the biihopric of Moray from Spynie to Elgin ; but that cathedral was defrroyed by Alexander Lord of Badenoch. About the year

ELY
from the royal burgh of Aberbrothock; the banks, near its confluence with the ocean, are finely covered with trees, and the alrhoft runious caftle of Kelly, romantically Iituated on the verge of a precipice, which overhangs its bed, renders the fcenery peculiarly intcrefting. neat bridge of 3 arones is thrown" over it, in the line of road from Dundee to Arbroath. a pariih in Aberdeenfhire ; extending about 9 miles in length from N. to S. and about 5 in breadth. The furface is uneven ; but, though there is a good deal of rifing ground, the height is inconiiderablc, and cannot be named hills. In the low grounds, on the banks of the river Ythan, the foil is dry; but in the northern parts it is generally wet and mofTy. There are a few fmall plantations of fir, afh, elm, and alder; but they ferve rather for ornament and fhelter, than for any other purpofe. The village of Ellon is pleafantiy fituated on the Ythan, over which is thrown a handhere is a confiderable fome bridge

1414,

it

was completely

rebuilt, in a

magnificence. From the ruins, which ftill remain, it appears to have been a large and fplendid edifice, in the Gothic ftyle of architecture in length above 260 feet, and upwards of 34 feet in breadth ; not furpafied in beauty by any building of that nature in the kingdom. The revenues were very confiderable ; for, after feveral eftates were feued off, there remained at the Reformation, what would now produce an annual income of upwards of 4CC0I. fterling. The harbour of Lojfie-month, which is the property of the borough, admits veffels'of 80 tons atfpring tides; and a confiderable quantity of corn is fhipped for Leith and Grangemouth. The whole revenue of the town may amount to nearly 200I. per annum. It contains nearly 3000 inhabitants. The pariih of Elgin extends about 10 miles in length, and 6 in breadth : the furface is fiat, rifmg gently towards the Black hills ; in the back parts of the parifh, the foil is in general fandy, with calcareous particles, but many places are of a rich loam and clay, exceedingly fertile. Near the town of Elgin, on an eminence, called the Lady-hill, are the remains of a fortification, which is well known to have exifted in the reign of William the Lion, King of Scotland. The ruins of the priory of Plufcardine are truly magnificent ; the church was never completed, as the foundations of the W. part of the crofs were only laid ; but, in the part which has been finifhed, are fmall pieces of frefco ivork, of very lively colours, and tolerably accurate deiign. The beautiful glen, in which this fine ruin is iituated, is the property of the Earl of Fife, who has done much to render the fcenery more ftrikingly piiturefque. In 1792, the parifh contained 4534 inhabitants. a fmall rivulet in the county of Angus. It takes its rife from the great morafs termed Dilty mqfs, in the parifh of Carmylie, and after a meandering courfe of about 4 miles S. in the bottom of a deep den, falls into the German ocean, about 2 miles W.
ftyle of great

ELLON;

falmon
ling
;

which rents at 80I. fterand the Ythan is navigable to

fifhing,

large boats, within half a mile of the

town.

The

village contains

about 200

inhabitants, and the country part 1630 making the population of the pariih

about 1830 fouls. El st (Loch) a lake in the pariih of Criech, in the county of Sutherland. It is about 2 miles in length, and dilcharges itfelf into the Frith of Tain, by a rivulet of the fame name. ELY or ELIE ; a town and parifh in the county of Fife. The town was formerly a royal borough, by a charter from Malcolm II. but was disfran;

chifed from fending members to parliament, on account of its inability to

maintain them

it ftill,

tains the privileges of a royal

however, reborough,

Elliot;

with that exception ; it is fituated on a dry and healthy fpot, fo near to the fea, that it wafhes the walls of fame of thehoufes ; it poffefTes an excellent harbour, and is the deepeft water in the Frith of Forth, except Burntifland ; it is remarkably eafy of accefs, and perfectly fafe; but with all its advantages, the trade is fo trifling, that it is going faff, to decay for 'want of the necefTary to the eaftward of the harrepairs bour, and at a fmall diftance from it.,
:

Wadehaven

is.

fituated, fo called, it is

ERI
from general Wade, who recommended it to government as proper for a harbour for the reception of men of war; it is very large, and has water from 20 to 22 feet at common tides. The pariih is fmall, being only about a fquare mile in extent the whole is enclofed, and is the property of Sir John Anftruther, who has here an efald,
;

ERNa

haunt for the game of the foreft. In one of the valleys, on the N. hde,

legant refidence, called Ely-houfe. Rubies of a brilliant lufture have been found near the more, gradually wafhed from the rocks. Population in 1793, 620. Endrick River has its fource in the pariih of Fintry, in Stirlingfhire. It runs E. and S. for about 3 miles, and then turns due W. ruihing in full ftream over the Lcup of Fintry, forming a cataract of 91 feet in height: after receiving the river Mane, and other plentiful ftreams in its courfe, and forming 2 beautiful cafcades at Gartnefs, the fpot where the famous Napier of Merchifton invented his logarithms,
it

lofes itfelf in

Loch Lomond, about

hill

14 miles from the

its rife.

where

it

takes

one of the fouthern diviIt is about 2 miles long, and 1 broad ; it is verdant
;

ENSAY

sions of the Harris ifles.

over, having an excellent foil, well cultivated. a fmall ifland of the He;
all

EORSA

brides, lying between the iflands of Mull and Icolmkill ; it contains 2 families or 13 inhabitants.

the the parifh of Durnefs, county of Sutherland. It is a fpacious harbour, with excellent anchorage, well iheltered by the bright and elevated rocks of Whiten head on one hand, and by the rocks ofRufpin on the other. Ericht, or Errack; a lake in It is the largeft in the Perthfhire. county, except Loch Tay,- being 24 miles in length, but fcarcely a mile in breadth ; it lies at the head of the diftrict of Rannoch, and extends forne miles into the county of Invernefs. Being fituated in the very heart of the
fea, in

Eribole (Loch); an arm of

Grampians, it is encompafied on all by lofty mountains, and rugged cliffs of the moft tremendous afpect. In the valleys, between the hills, there its neighbourhood. It abounds with falmon and trout, and for 2 miles beis fome herbage ; but Ceres is a ftranger to the banks of the lake, having low the Keith, it is faid to afford betrelinquifhed that poffeffion to heath, ter rod-filhing than any other river ir^ and afewftraggling birches and alders; the kingdom.
fides

within fight of the lake, a houfe was built fome time ago by Mr. Dundas of Arnifton, Mr. Hamilton of Pentcaitland, and others, for the purpofes of hunting, on a feu granted by the Duke of Gordon. In the neighbourhood of this lake, the unfortunate Prince Charles, after his defeat at Culloden, is faid to have remained feveral weeks concealed ; often without the common necefiaries of life. From the E.end of this lake runs the river Ericht, which, uniting with the river Ganir, the outlet of Loch Rannoch, acquires the name of the Tummel, and afterwards joins the river Tay, not far from the caftle of Blair of Atliol. Ericht, or Erocht, is alfo the name of a river in the diftrict of Stqrmcnt, in the fame county. It is foraw ed by the union of the Ardle and Blackwater, or Shee, and after a courfe of 13 or 14 miles S. E. falls into the Ifla in its paffage through the valley of Strathmore, it is a very rapid river, frequently overflowing its banks, and doing confiderable damage to thefarmers, from which circumftance it has received the appellation of the Ireful Ericht ; its channel is in general rocky and uneven, and it often varies in its depth and breadth ; the banks in fome parts are very low, but in moft places they are very high and rugged, and often covered with wood. About 2 miles N. from the village of BlairGowrie, they rife at leaft 200 feet from the bed of the river, and on the W. fide are formed for about 700 feet in length, and 220 feet in height, of perpendicular rock, as fmooth as if formed by the tool of a workman. Here the botaniit will find ample fund for entertainment, and the naturalift will be highly gratified by the appearance of the primary ftrata of freeftone, admirably difplayed. About one mile below Blair-Gowrie is the Keith, a fine natural cafcade the fcenery on the banks of this river are peculiarly beautiful, and its picturefque appearance has been much increafed by the numerous feats which have been built in
: :

ERR
Erne, or Earn
in Perthfhire.
\

E R
ERROL

The

a lake and river lake is about 8

miles long, and ij broad, fituated at the head of that beautiful ftrath or vale through which the river runs, and to which" it gives its name. The banks of the lake for above 5 miles on each fide, are clofely covered with a foreft of natural oak, and the profit arifing from the fale of the bark and timber is nearlyequal to the rents of the adjoining arable land ; by its fide is the road from Crieff, through the pariihes of Comrie and Monivaird to Loch Erne head, prefenting a great variety of beautiful profpedts, and is perhaps not inferior to any of the fame extent in the Highlands of Scotland. Loch Erne does not abound with fifh, but poffeffes a few trouts and pike. Near each end of it are 2 fmall iflands, evidently artificial, on one of which are the remains of an ancient caftle. TsT ear the upper part of the lake, Bewvoirlich mountain rears its majeftic fummit, elevated to the height of 3,200 feet above the level of the fea, commanding a profpedt only bounded by the hills in Mid-Lothian, and the mountains of Ayrihire. From the E. end of Loch Erne runs the river Erne, about 4 miles above the village of Comrie, and paffing that village, and the towns of Crieff and Abernethy, receiving many rivers in its courfe, through the beautiful and fertile vale of Stratherne, falls into the river Tay a little below the old caftle of Elcho. The Erne has been much and juftly admired for thofe beautiful curves

which which

it it

defcribes,
;

and

peninfula

has feveral bridges, but thofe at Crieff, and the village called the Bridge of Erne, are the moft

forms

it

remarkable

it abounds with falmon and trout, and is navigable for fmall floops of 50 or 60 tons, as far as the bridge, about 4 miles from its junction with the Tay.
;

Erngrogo (Loch);
about 40 acres, and
2 fmall iflands,
feafon.
is

a fmall lake
;

in the parifh of Croffmichael, in the

ftewarty of Kirkcudbright

it

covers
refort-

remarkable for

which are much

ed to by fea-gulls during the breeding

a river which takes its the mountains of Strathdearn, in Invernefsfhire ; and flowing through the valley of Stratberrick, falls into Lochr.efs near the church of Bolerife

Errick;
among

; a village and parifh in the Carle of Gowrie, county of Perth. The parifh is nearly of a regular figure, being j-| miles in length, and nearly 3 in breadth, ftretching acrofs the Carfe from the foot of the hills to the banks of the Tay. Though it is in general level, there are feveral rifing grounds, which add much to the beauty of its appearance ; the foil is in general a ftrong clay ; but, in the neighbourhood of the village, it is a black fertile loam : this foil is exceedingly favourable for orchards, and a conliderable extent is covered with fruit trees. The country is interfered in different places with fmall tracts of water, called po^vs, collected chiefly from the trenches opened for draining the ground: the Tay into which they iflue affords falmon in great abundance, and the fifhings are rented by a company in Perth. By the conftant action of the tide and current, the river every year carries off many acres of excellent land, and the proprietors have been obliged to build large ftone dykes for the defence of their eftates. The village of Errol is pleafantly fituated on an eminence, rifing by a gradual afcent above the level of the country, commanding a profpecr. extenfive and delightful but the houfes are as mean as the fituation is pleafant; as there is no ftone in the neighbourhood, they are moftly built of clay, and huddled together without order or regularity. The number of the inhabitants in the town is about 828, in the country 1857 ; making the whole population 2685. ERSKLNE ; a parifh in the county of Renfrew. It is of an oblong form, meafuring from E. to W. 6 miles in length, and from 3 to 4 in breadth. From the Clyde, which forms the northern boundary, the ground rifes gradually towards the S. producing a fuccefilon of gently {welling ridges, of inconliderable height. The foil is in general light and mallow, of a black or gray mould, intermixed with graThe produce of the farms is ravel. ther feanty, and -many of the farmers have found it more productive to allow their lands to remain in pafture. Fruit and foreft trees thrive well, particularly on the banks of the Clyde. The firft fine thread manufactured in the kingdom, was by a lady of this parifh,

fkine.

ESK
of the family of Bargarron, about the beginning of the laft century, which trade has been kept up in the neighbourhood ever fince. There are feveral valuable fi filings on the Clyde. Lord r.lantyre's eft ate poifefles 2 or 3 excellent freeftone quarries ; and there are feveral appearances of coal, but the fearch has never been fully profecuted. Mr/kine, a feat of Lord Blantyre, is a fine building, furrounded with extenfive

TI
Were found , but the muffel beds [mytllus edulis) being greatly exhaufted, no fhells havebeen found old enough to produce the pearls. The banks of the river are ornamented with many elegant feats, of which Brechin-caflle, RoJJte, and Kinerly pearls of great value
4

naird, are the chief; the latter is the refidence of Sir David Carnegie, whofe

parks and plantations.

Popula-

tion in 1792, 808. Esk, being evidently a corruption of the Gaelic word Uij'g, which fignifies rjuater, is a name applied to many rivers in Scotland ; in particular, to one jn Dumfriesfhire ; to the North and

South EJks in Mid-Lothian ; and to the North and South EJks in the county of
Forfar.

Esk, in Dumfriesfhire, rifes in the upper extremity of the eaftern diftrict of that county, and taking a S. W. direction, forms for feveral miles the boundary with England, and falls into the head of the Sol way Frith. From this river the diftrict through which it
runs has acquired the najpie.-of EJ&d/ffe, formerly a lordihip or barony in the family of Maxwell, but attainted on account of the attachment of that family to the houfe of Stuart.

Esks (North and South),

in

Mid-Lothian, rife in the borders of the county of Peebles, and uniting about a mile below the town of Dalkeith, fall into the Frith of Fdrth at Muffeiburgh.

Esk (Inorth),
Its

in Forfarfliire,

has

fourpeamsngft the Grampian mountains, on the borders of Aberdeenfhire, and running eailward forms the boundary between Angus and Mearns, pour- veral fortifications, which are afcribed ing into the German ocean, about % to the Romans, but are more probably miles 1ST. from Montrofe. From it the works of the army of Edward I. the noble family of Carnegie take the A fmall vein of filver ore, too inconliderable to be wrought, was difcovered title of Earl of North Elk. Esk (South ), in the fame county, feveral years ago in the S. E. corner alio takes its rife in the Grampians, of Effie ; and there is an excellent and pafTuig the town of Brechin, falls freeftone quarry at the foot of Sidlaw, into the ocean at Montrcfe. About the ftone of which is of a light gray z miles from its mouth it expands into colour, and admits of a fine polifh. a large bafon, into which the tide Population in 1793, 630. Etie, orE'rivE (Locfit) ; a naviflows; and contracting oppofite the town of Montrofe, a neat wooden gable inlet of the fea in Argyll 'hire, bridge has been lately erected there, near 20 miles long,, but of very unon the poll: road from Arbroath to equal breadth its banks are pleafant, that town. There are feveral valuable being indented wit h creeks and bays, falmou fifhings on the river, and form- affording fafe anchorage in any wind
;

from the of South Efk. ESKDALE 5 the eaftern diftrict of Dumfriesfhire, through which the river EJk runs. Vide Esk. ESKDALEMUIR a parifh in the county of Dumfries, in that diftrict of it to which the Elk gives its name ; it is about 11 miles in length, and 8 in breadth, extending along the 2 rivulets, which, united, form the river Elk. The furface is mountainous and elevated, and only adapted for fheep pafture ; but on the banks of the rivers there are a few meadows or holms, which admit of culture. On almoft every hill, in the parifh are the marks of encampments, fome of which are rectangular, and fome of an oval or circular form. Population in 1793, 619. ESSIE and an united pa; rifh in* the county of Angus, occuping part of the northern declivity of the Sidlaw hills, and part of the valley of Strathmore ; containing about 8 fquare miles, or 5 130 fquare acreSj about one half of which is cultivated. It is walked by the river Dean, and by 2 fmall rivulets. The foil is various, being a fertile loam and clay in the ftrath, degenerating in proportion to the elevation ; a great part is enclofed and well cultivated. There are veftiges of feanceftors were denominated
river, Earls
;
_

NEVAY

E
hills

TT
turity.

EWE
The foil on the hills is moffy, only for pafturage. There arj two lochs adjoining to one another,
and
fit

they are delightfully variegated with

great elevation of the country, and meadows, and corn the frequency of the rains which preiidds, wood and watei", and have fe- vent the crops from coming to ma-

and

valleys,

vcral valuable falmon fifhings, particularly at the village of Buna-ive, where the lake Awe discharges itfelf into it. The extremity of Loch Etive bends its courfe in a north-eafterly direction, till it terminates in a point, where it receives the waters of the Etie river, pouring through Glen Etie, a valley

partly in this parifh, and partly in Yarrow, called the loch of the Laaus,

and

5/.

Mary's

loch,

abounding with

for the residence of Ufnath, father of Nathos, Althos, and Ardan, feveral of Offian's heroes- In Lock Etive is a fmall ifland, and the

famous
the

pike and perch. Numerous flocks of fheepare reared in the hills, the higheft of which are Ward Law and Etterick Penn; the former rifing 1,920 feet above the level of the fea, and the latter

about

2, 2 co.

Population

in 1 791,

470.

ruins of a houfe, ftill termed Ealan AUfnich, " the ifland of Ufnath." bout 7 miles from the entry of the lake, it contrails into a narrow chan-

Etterick Forest comprehends a

great part of the county of Selkirk ; it appears in former times to have been covered with trees ; but of thefe

about a mufket-fhot over : this place is called Connel, which fignifies rage or fury, very defcriptive of it. ridge of uneven and rugged rocks here run acrofs two-thirds of the channel, and occafion, at particular times of the tide, a current flowing with dreadful rapidity ; and, when fwelled unufually by a fpring-tide, and the waters of the Awe, as foon as the ebb begins, it difcharges itfelf with a violence and noife unequalled by the
nel,

few

veftiges now remain. The property belongs to the crown, who appoints a chamberlain or keeper of the foreft to receive the rents. Etterick River, takes its rife in the parifh of the fame name, and, after a winding courfe of 30 miles, through fcenes rendered familiar by

loudeft cataract, and which may be heard at the diftance of many miles. This celebrated current feems to be alluded to by Offian, when he fays, " Thefe are not thy mountains, Nathos nor is that the roar of thy There is a ferry climbing waves." at this place, which is fafe at particular times of the tide. About % miles below, on a promontory almoft infulated., is the ancient regal refidence of Dunftaffnage ; (vide Dunstaffnage.) The mores of Loch Etive are

paftoral defcription, receiving the ftream of Yarrow near Philip-haugh, is abforbed into the Tweed fome miles above Melrofe. Euchar a rivulet in Argyllfhire. It takes its rife from Loch Seamyna* dale, in the parifh of Kilninver, and after a rapid and difturbed courfe N. W. falls into the ocean at the Sound of Mull. Evelicks; a river in the county of Sutherland, which falls into the Frith of Dornoch. It abounds with trout and falmon and a fmall fiihing village of the fame name is fituated at its mouth. ALL ; an united EVIE and parifh in the mainland of Orkney.
; ;

REND

covered with porphyric and granitic Vide Pomona. water-worn pebbles, intermixed with EWES a parifh
great quantities of fhell fand. ETTERICK a parifh in the county of Selkirk, is very extenfive, the extreme points being diftant 10 miles in almoft every direction. The general
;

appearance

is

hilly

and mountainous,

the river Etterick winding through it. The foil in the haughs and valleys is exceedingly deep and fertile, in a great meafure formed by the rich particles of earth brought down from the hills, and depofited from the waters : notwithftanding this fertility, very few good crops are raifed, owing to the

in the diflrid of ; Efkdale, Dumfriesfhire. It is about 8 miles in length from N. to S. and its medium breadth is nearly 54 ; it is watered by the river Ewes, a tributary ftream of the EJk, which it joins near Langholm, about 10 miles from its fource. The furface is hilly, moftly covered with verdure, and fringed with thriving plantations, exhibiting much picturefque and ftriking fcenery. Only a fmall- part is under cultivation, the great attention of the farmer being the rearing and feeding of fheep. Population in 1791, 320.

EYE
Eye (Loch)
From
;

EYE
in

a fmall lake in the

which

(hips can

work

in

fecure from all winds, except the N. proceeds the fmall rivulet and N. E. in fuch cafes the harbour Eye, forming in its courfe a fucceffion can be eafily taken, and vefiels of fmall offmaller lochs, which are much fre- burden lie in fafety, defended from quented by aquatic fowls ; it after- the impetuohty of the fea by the wards falls into the Moray Frith, near northern pier. Since the erection of the fmall filhing village of Balhitore. the harbour, the trade of the town Eye ; a river in Berwiekfhire, rifes has much increafed, and corn and in the pariih of Cockburnfpath, and meal have been fhipped here to the taking an easterly courfe through the extent of 20,000 bolls annually, and pariih of Ayton and Coldingham, falls in fome years more than double that into the fea at Eyemouth. It abounds quantity. The coaft abounds with fifh, with trout, and, at particular feafons, and many fifhing boats are conftantly falmon are caught in it. employed. The pariih is fmall, being EYEMOUTH, or nearly confined to the limits of the a confiderable town in the county of burgh, containing at. moll only 800 Berwick. It is a borough of barony, fquare acres ; the foil is good, and of which Mr. Home of Wedderburn produces every fort of grain, of a good
it
:

pariih of Fearn in Rofs-fhire, about two miles long, and half a mile broad.

at all times of tide, or

lie

at

and out anchor

HAYMOUTH;

is

fuperior and proprietor.

laft

At

the beaf-

ginning of the

century Eyemouth

was a

fmall fifhing village,

which

Upon a fmall promontory ftretching out into the lea, are the remains of a regular fortification, faid
quality.

forded a retreat for fmugglers ; but, ihortly after the union, that pernicious trade being much quafhed, the gentlemen of the county took advantage of the excellent natural harbour, formed by the river Eye, and erected a pier on both fides, by voluntary fubfcription this was executed by Mr. Smeaton, who conceived an high opinion of the advantageous fituation. It lies at the corner of a bay,
:

to have been erected by the Earl of Hertford, afterwards Duke of Somerfet, when going to invade Scotland, while he held the regency in the miThough ail nority of Edward VI. the rocks along the coaft are common whinftone, yet the rock which compofes this promontory is a coa.rkpud~ dlngjlone. In 1793, the population was about 1000.

F AI
of the Orkney iflands, is about a mile long, and lefs than half a mile broad ; feparated by 2 narrow found from the ifiand of
I
;

F
land,

AI
who

FA

RAY

one

and other maritime nations,

Eday.

It affords excellent pafture.

'

; an ifland lying in the middle, betwixt the clutters of Orkney and Shetland, the inhabitants of which are almoft in a flate of nature. From its fmall fize, and its great diftance from the neareft iflands, it in ancient times was peculiarly expofed to invad-

FAIR ISLE

ers.

"

are

for

" The natives," fiiys Buchannan, by far the pooreft of all others; the filhermen from England, Hol-

every year frequent thefe feas, feize upon, and carry away every thing as they pleafe :" hence, although thefe depredations have ceafed, thole iflanders are Only emerging from the effects of fo precarious and diftreffing a condition, and only beginning to know the comforts of a fettled fociety. It extends upwards of 3 miles in length, and nearly a in breadth ; rifing into 3 lofty promontories, and encompaffed with precipitous rocks ; it is every where inacceflible, unlefs upon the S. E. where, lowering itfelf a little, it

AL

AL

affords a fafe (ration for imall veffels. There are feveral promontories, one of which, the Sheep Craig, is nearly infulated, riGng from the ocean in a conical fhape to the height of

extenfive and delightful profpect of the circumjacent country. Falkirk was

480

feet.

tolerably fertile, and the iheep pafture on the hills is excellent, and noted for improving the wool. In the year 1588, the flag fhip of the Duke de Medina Sidonia, the admiral

The

foil is

of the Spanifh aimada, was wrecked on this ifland and tradition points out the humble refidence of that (hipwrecked nobleman. The ifland is the property of Lord Dundas, who draws from it about 80I. fterliug of yearly rents it is reckoned one of the Shetland ifles, and is annexed to the pariih difputes about money affairs, where of Dunroffhefs, nearly a 5 miles diftant; the fum does not exceed al. fterling ; he can alfo puniih petty delinquents it contains about 220 inhabitants. FAIRNTOSH ; a village in Rofs- by fine and imprifonment. Falkirk is noted for feveral fairs within the year, ftiire. Vide Ferrintosh. FALA and SOUTRA ; an united and 3 celebrated tryjls, at which on an pariih in the Lothians, of which Fala average there are fold 60,000 black lies in Edinburghfhire, and Soutra in cattle, be fides immenfe flocks of (heep, the county of Haddington. It com- and a number of horfes. The town of prehends part of the Lammerrnuir Falkirk contains about 3900 inhabitThe pariih is between 7 and ridge, of which Soutra-hill is the N. ants. W. point, elevated 1000 feet above 8 miles in length from E. to W. and the level of the fea. From the foot of in fome places more than 4 in breadth this hill the furface is nearly level, it is watered by the Carron on the N. having a tolerably fertile foil. The near which lies the extenfive carfe of
; ;

formerly a burgh of regality, under the baronial jurifdiclion of the Earls of Linlithgow and Callander ; but no records are extant of any magiftrates having been inverted with the power of the burgh, except the bailiff of the Earl, who, before hereditary jurifdictions were aboliihed, had an extenfive authority in civil and even criminal cafes ; it is now governed by a baronbailie, who is appointed by William Forbes, Efq. the lord of the manor. This officer can, within the bounds of his jurifdiction, enforce the payment of rents to any amount, and decide in

cultivation,

lands are in general in a ftate of high and many of them enclofed

with hedge-rows and ditches, fheltered with clumps and belts of planting. There are the ruins of an holpital on it ; and numerous villages have been Soutra-hill, founded in 64, by MaL- built in its neighbourhood, within the

Falkirk, celebrated for its fertility. The pariih is exceedingly level, ex* cept the eminence on which the town is fituated. The great canal interferes

colm IV. King of Scotland,

lief

fcr the reof pilgrims, and poor and fickly people. Soutra was formerly a very confiderable village ; but now there 15 nothing to mark the happy fpot where jt ftood, except a few wretched cottages, feeble remembrancers of its an-

bounds of this pariih of thefe, Grange-* mouth, Camelon, Eriansford, and Lau:

riejlon,

cient greatnefs.
f"

Sunk

are thy bow'rs in (hapelefs ruin

all,

And

the long grafs o'ertops the mould-

ering wall."

The

pariih is thinly inhabitated, containing only 372 perfons.

FALKIRK ; a confiderable town in the county of Stirling. It is fituated near the river Can-on, on the high road from Edinburgh to Glafgow, from which cities it is nearly equidiftant the road alfo to Stirling and the North was renewed in 1595, by King James Highlands, paffes through it ; it (lands VI. " to obviate," as the preamble ^ippn an eminence, commanding an dates, " the damage and inconvenience

are the chief; the population of which, taken along with that of the town, amounts to upwards of 8000. The Carron works are alfo in the neighbourhood, though not exactly in the parochial diftricT: of Falkirk. This town, on the 17th January, 1746, was the fcene of an engagement betwixt the royal and the rebel army, in which the latter were defeated, and retreat ing northward, were at length totally diiperfed at the battle of Culloden. ; a town in theeounty of Fife, noted for being once the refidence of the Scottifh kings. It was erected into a burgh by King James II. in the year 1458, and its charter

FALKLAND

F
fuftained for

AL

FE A

want of innkeepers and fhire, which takes its rife amongft the victuallers, by themany prelates, peers, Lennox hills, and, after a rapid courfe barons, nobles, and others of their fub- through the vale to which it gives the jects, who came to their country-feat." name of Glenfallocb, falls into Loch
In this charter is ftated the right of holding a weekly market, and 4 pubannually. The government vefted in 3 bailies, 14 counfellors, a treafurer, and town clerk, who are ielf-elected. The revenue of the burgh is communibus annis, from iool. to 1 iol. itcrling per annum. The town is neatly built, and plentifully fupplied with fine water by leaden pipes ; it carries on a confiderable manufacture of coarfe linens and ofnaburghs. Contiguous to the town is a village called Ball'wbrae, making the whole population 1057. The parifh of Falkland is nearly of a fquare form, containing about 10,000 acres : towards the N. is a confiderable plain or flat, called the Park of Falkland, about a mile and a half fquare, from which the furface gradually rifes on the S. to that hilly ridge which forms the Lomonds: the fides of thefe hills are fkirted with furze and heath, above which they exhibit a beautiful verdure at all feafons, riling to a conical fummit, called the Bajlcrn Lomond. The whole ridge affords, in moft places, excellent pafture, interfperfed here and there with abrupt and rugged mafles of freeftone rock, and loofe heaps of blue muirftone. The foil is partly a light brown loam, part fand and gravel, but by far the greater part is a deep, mofs, containing the roots of oak and other trees. Befides the town of Falkland, and the contiguous fuburb of BaUinbrae, the parifh contains 2 other villages, Newton and Freuchie, which, together, contain aThe Eaftern bout 650 inhabitants. Lomond contains limeltone, fmall quantities of coal, and an ore of lead ; marl is alfo found; and fmall quantities The moft remarkable anoifteaiites. tiquity is the palaceof Falkland, which, for many years, was the occaiional refidence of the royal family of Scotland. It is completely ruinous, but the family of Skene of Hallyards, are heritable keepers of this royal demefne. There are the remains of feveral encampments, one of which is on the fummit of the Eaftcrn Lomond. In 1 791, the parifh of Falkland contained 5198 inhabitants.
lic fairs

Lomond. Fannich (Loch)

fliire
;

is

; a lake in Rofsabout 9 miles in length, and to in 1 breadth. It difcharges ii itfelf by a fmall river called Grudie, into Loch Lichart, which empties itr. felf by the river Connon into the Frith of Cromarty.

is

from

FAR ; a mountainous parifh in the county of Sutherland, extending about

30 miles in length, the breadth varying

The foil is in general 3 to 14. barren and fhallow, but on the banks of the river Naver and Borgie it is deep, and tolerably fertile. The ex-, tent of feacoaft is 11 miles; the fh ore is high and rocky, and confifts of Strathy-head and bay, Armdale bay, Far-head and bay, and other fmaller
from
promontories and bays. The whole coaft is excavated into extenfive caves,
affording retreat to

immenfe numbers

is the principal lake in the dinricT:, and there are feveral fmaller lakes, from which fmall rivulets take their rife. There are feve-

of

feals.

Loch Naver

ral Pictifh caftles,

and a ruin on the

Population

promontory, of Far-bead.
in 1790, 3600.

of Midfrom a bafe of 16 miles in circumference, to the height of 1793 feet above the level of the fea.
in the parifh

Fare Hill,
in

Marr

Aberdeenfnhe,

rifes

a fmall river in Pertbfhire. ; takes its rife in the Ochil hills, and runs a confiderable wayr in a deep and narrow glen, before it ifTues into the plain of Stratherne : after a courfe of 7 miles directly N. it bends towards the E. and, fhortly after, lofes itfelf in the river Earn, at a place to which It ait gives the name of Culfargie. bounds with fine trout, and is the fcene of agreeable amufement to the angler in the proper feafon.
It

Farg

Far-out-head; averyconfpicuous
promontory in the parifh of Durnefs, in the county of Sutherland. It forms
the

W.

diftant

border of Loch Eribole, and is about 14 miles E. from Cape

;

Wrath.

Farrar
which
is

a fmall river in Rofs-fhire,

one of the principal branches

a parifh of fmall extent

of the Beauty.

Falloch;

a river in

Dumbarton-

FEARN;

FER
in the

FER

county of Rofs, forming a fquare that part of the djftrict of Buchan, of about 2 miles. The furface is nearly which belongs to the county of Banff. It is bounded on the E. by the German flat, with the exception of a few eminences, which are all capable of culti- ocean, and on the S. by the fmall river vation. In the center of the parifh Ugie, which feparates it from Peterthe foil is a deep loam towards the head. The furface exhibits an alterS. and W. it is a rich clay ; the N. nate fucceflion of riling grounds and and E. is gravellifh and fandy. Loch valleys, having a rich clay foil, which, Eye occupies the central diftricT:, and when properly cultivated, is abundThe coaft is bold and furniihes water to fupply 3 or 4 mills. antly fertile. The coaft of the Moray Frith, which rocky ; part of the rocks being excelforms the boundary on the S. E. is lent limeftone, and part granite, eafily There is a farmon fifhing flat and fandy for about a mile, on quarried. which are fituated the fmall fifhing on the Ugie, the property of Mr. Fertowns of Balintore and Hilltown ; the gufon of Pitfour, which lets at icoh remainder of the coaft is bold and fterling per annum. The bleachfield rocky. Free/tone abounds in feveral of Meff. Scott and Co. at Inverugle, places, but no other mineral has been employs a number of hands ; and, at discovered. The village of Fearn is the fame place, Mr. Seller carries on fituated near the fite of the old abbey, a porter and beer brewery with fuccefs. which is a ruin of great antiquity A confiderable quantity of fine yarn the caflle of LochUn is alfo a remark- is fpun in the parifh. The great Field able building ; it has ftood upwards Marfhal Keith was born at Inverugieof 500 years, and mull have been al- ca/ile, in the year 1696 ; a general of moft impregnable before the invention the higheft military talents which this There is another very country has produced. Population of artillery. ancient ruin at GadboU, of which no- in 1794, 1240. thing remains but a few vaults, and FERN; a parifh in the county of the fide walls. It is faid that the famous Angus ; extending about 5 miles in lawyer, Sir George Mackenzie, King's length from N. to S. and about 2 in advocate in the reign of Charles II. breadth from E. to W. at the foot of was born in the caitle of Lochlin. In the Grampian hills. The greater part 1 791, the parifh of Fearn contained of the furface has a light loamy foil, 1600 inhabitants. with a good expofnre ; but a few FENWICK a parifh in Ayrfhire, fields are of a deep clay. The flieep about 9 miles long from E.to W. and farms in the hills afford excellent rich 6 miles broad. The furface is broken, pafture to numerous flocks of fheep ; though none of the eminences are of it is wafhed by the fmall rivulets great elevation: thewhole foil ismoffy; Crutch and Noran, the latter of which but, towards the weftern border, to- is noted for the purity of its ftream. lerably fruitful, and well cultivated. It There is a blue flate quarry, which is is watered by 2 fmall rivulets, which fometimes wrought. Population in riling in the muirs of Eaglefham, in- 1791, 500. ttrfect the parifh of Fenwick,- and, FERNELL a parifh in the county uniting near the town of Kilmarnock, of Angus. Its extent is 3 miles in runs into the river Irvine, a few miles length, and 2 in breadth ; fituated on before it falls into the fea. The vil- the S. bank of the river South Elk, lage of Fenquick-lovjn is pleafantly fi- about 3 miles S. E.frorn Brechin. The tuated on the banks of one of thefe low ground on the banks of the river rivulets it is chiefly inhabited by is fertile, having a fine clay and loam}' weavers, and a bleachfield is fhortly foil, capable of producing any kind of to be eftablifhed ; it contains nearly grain ; the higher grounds are rather 200 inhabitants. Coal is found in of an inferior quality, being compofed fmall quantities, and there is abund- of black earth, inclining to mofs. Exance of free and limeftone in the cept a fmall eftate of about 100 acres, quarries of the laft are found petrified the whole parifh belongs to Sir Dafhells, and other relics of the ancient vid Carnegie, Bart, of South Elk, who inhabitants of the ocean. Population has his refidence at Khmaird-cajtie, an,
; : ; ; ;
:

in 1795, 12S1.

FERGUS

(St.) a parifh fituated

in

ancient and extenfive building, lately modernized in a fuperb and princely

FET
ftyle.

FET
Aberdeenfhire, the property of Mr. Fergufon of Pitfour, M. P. It carries on a fmall trade in the making of linen, checks, and linfeywoolfey fluffs ; it contains about 200
in in

The

policies are laid out with

Buchan,

great tafte, and the extenfive plantations around it are in a thriving ftate. Not far from the church is an old caftle, once the relidence of the anceflors of the family of Airly. Population in 1791, 620. a village and ba; rony in the parifh of Urquhart, in Rofsihire, the inhabitants of which long poffeffed the exclufive privilege of diftflling whiiky, without being under the excife laws ; but this privilege was rt fumed by government in 1786, and the fuperior of the barony allowed a-

inhabitants.

FERRINTOSH

FETTERCATRN ; a parifh in the county of Kincardine. It lies at the foot of the lower tier of the Grampian mountains, extending a confiderable
length into the how or hollow of the Meams, containing by accurate meafurement 14,359 Englifh acres. The ground on the W. is light and fharp, with a fmall mixture of mofs ; on the E. it becomes deeper, confifting of a fertile clayey loam. The greater part is enclofed with hedge and ditch, or ftone fences ; and, of late, a great quantity of trees, of various kinds, have been planted. The greateft ex-> ertions in this way has been made on the eftates of Wotton and Burn, by the
late

bout 20,000!.
village in the

as a compenfation.

FERRY-PORT-ON-CRAIG;

county of Fife, iituated at the mouth of the Tay, about 4 miles below Dundee. It has its name from its local fituation, having been a well
frequented ferry before the bridge of Perth was built. The parifh of FerryPort-on-Craig extends from the Tay S. 5 miles in length, and the breadth varies from half a mile to a mile along the banks of that river. The fhore is and partly fand, and partly rocky the foil varies from clay to loam, with an intermixture of fand. A confiderable quantity of brown linens is manufactured, the weavers being chiefly employed by the merchants of Dundee. The parifh contains 920 inhabitants, of .which 730 live in the village.
:

General Lord
laft eftate

Adam Gordon. On

Lordfhip has built an elegant houfe, at a fmall diftance

the
his

from the North Efk river, by the fide of which he has laid out fome extent five and romantic walks the policies contain about 600 acres of thriving plantation on a rude and barren fpot, formerly covered with heath and mofs. A romantic bridge, called Gannachy bridge-, is thrown over the North Efk, the foundations of which ftand on Fessie ; a fmall river in the diftricT: two ftupendous rocks, elevated to a of Badenocb, in Invernefs-fhire, which great height above the furface of the falls into the Spey near the church of river. About a mile W. from the vil:

lage of Fettercairn is an old ruin, calone of the mcft north- led Fenmllaa''s-cajile, where, it is faid, It is about Kenneth III. King of Scotland was erly of the Shetland ifles. 4 miles in length, and 3% in breadth, murdered. In 1790, the population with a tolerably fertile foil of loam was about 2000. FETTERESSO ; a parifh in Kinand fand, producing barley, oats, and other corn very abundantly. There cardinefhire, about 10 miles long, and is on this ifland a confiderable quantity between 5 and 6 broad, containing of that ore of iron which is called bog- 24,914 fquare acres; 8000 of which there are are arable, the reft muiry or mofiy, ore, of a very rich quality alfo fome veins of copper ore, and upon a hard ftony bottom, which, there is every reafon to fuppofe that, however, is now planted with a variety by a careful fearch, plumbago or b'ack of thriving trees, which add confiderlead would be found ; two or three ably to the beauty of the country. It rocks afford fome- fpecimens of fila- is watered by the fmall rivers Cowie mentous afoejlos ; another rock con- and Carron, near the former of which tains Jleatites, or rock foap, and there ftands the manfion-houfe of Mr. Barclay of Urie, furrounded with an exare feyeral fmall veins of limeftone about 2 miles S. garnets are fometimes found near the tenfive plantation center of the ifland. It contains nearly W. from Urie, is the manfion-houfe of Fcttereffb, the residence of the far. 800 inhabitants. FETTERANGUS 5 a fmall village mily of Marifchal, previous to the at*

Alvie.

FETLAR

FIF'
tainder, and now the property of Mr. Duff; Derides thefe, there are elegant modern houfes on the eftates of NeThe fea therby, Mucbals, and Elfich. coaft is bold and rocky, pofTeffing only one bay, where fiihing- boats can lie in fafety. Near Stonehaven, which lies on the immediate border of the parifli,

FIF
country is agreeably diverfiiied towards the W. it is mountainous, and a ridge of hills extends eaftward almoft its whole length, occupying the central diftrict ; towards the N. and S. the furface gradually defcends to the Friths, exhibiting the moil beauti; :

ful and enlivening profpect of fertile begun to feu a and well cultivated fields woods and regular village, confining of % parallel plantations abound through the whole; and crofs ftreets, with a fquare of % the hills are covered with flieep, whole the houfes are wool is in high eftimation. Great imacres in the middle well built, and covered with flates, provements have been lately made in and the inhabitants have the advan- agriculture and the farms, efpecialJv tage of the harbour of Stonehaven for on the N. declivity, are rented exceedcarrying on manufactures. On the hill ingly high. It is watered by feveral called Rhi Dikes, or King's Dikes, the ftreams, none of which deferve the veftiges of a rectangular encampment name of rivers, except the Eden and and in every part of Le-ven ; the former of which empties are very diftinct the parifli are the remains of druidi- itfelf into the ocean at St. Andrews, In 1793, the population and the latter at the village of Leven cal temples. both thefe rivers abound with trout of Fetterefib was 3370. Feugh ; a fmall rivulet in Kincar- and falmon ; and on no coaft of Scotdinefliire, a tributary ftream of the land is the white fiihing more productive than on the Fife coaft. Dee. From its Fi&dich, or Feddich ; a consider- fituation, it muft have been very early able river in Banffshire, which unites inhabited the fiftiings, the coal mines, the harbours, and other advantages for its waters with the Spey, in the parilh of Boharm. Its banks are very plea- navigation, muft have attracted fetfant, and Fiddhh/ide is fertile to a pro- tlers, and the coaft would be hrft peopled and beft cultivated, while the verb in that country. FIDDRIE; a fmall ifland in the interior would be more neglected: this

Mr. Barclay has

lately

mouth of the Frith of Forth, oppoiite On it are to the village of Dirleton. the ruins of a building, defigned either for a chapel, or a lazaret for the iick. Fife-ness ; the eafternmoft point of land in Fifefhire, which projects into the German ocean, between the Friths of Tay and Forth from it a ridge of rocks, called the Car-rocks, project a coniiderable way into the fea, rendering it very dangerous to ma:

riners.

FIFESHIRE. This extenfive and populous county is a fort of peninfula, lying between the Friths of Tay and Forth bounded on the N. and N. E. by the Frith of Tay, which divides it from Perth and Angus ; on the S. by the Frith of Forth, which feparates it from the Lothians; the German ocean bounds it on the E. and on the W.
; ;

borders with the counties of Perth and Kinrofs, and a fmall corner of Clackmannan. It extends about 60 miles in length from Culrofs to Fifenefc, and is about 18 in breadth comprehending a luperficies of nearly 480 fquare miles. The face of the
it
;

appears to have been the cafe, when King James VI. compared the county to a gray mantle with a gold fringe. The whole coaft is covered with fmall burghs, which that monarch regarded with particular attention, and very early in his reign endeavoured to render them fubfervient to his wifhes, of raifmg Scotland high in the world as a commercial nation ; he granted them many privileges and immunities, and encouraged the inhabitants by every means in his power, to profecute the advantages which, by their local fituation, they poffeffed; indeed, the municipal privileges which they received from that monarch, though rendered unimportant by the union with England, will long remain a monument of his political fagacity and difcernment, both which were greater than they are commonly reprefented to have been. The county can boaft of pofTefiing feveral ancient feats of royalty: at Dunfermline, at Falkland, at Kinghorn, and at St. Andrews, veftiges of royal fplendour are ftill to be feen. It contains 13 royal boroughs, which poffefs

FIF
parliamentary reprefentation, and fe-1 vtrals which have loft that privilege from their being unable to defray the cxpence which attended the fending a commissioner to the Scottifh parhament. The 13 parliament towns are, Cupar., St. Andrews, Inverkeithing,Dumferm line, Burntisland,
'

Filsf
nearly in the middle of the county, and are feen at i great diftance: in Kembackparifh alfo, lead ore has been wrought : at Balcal hills
rife

which

merino beautiful pebbles have been found, fome of which are ftriped, and fome of the fortification appearance : a few agates have alio been found in Kinghorn, Kirkcaldy, Dysart, the Eden near Cupar, which have been PlTTENWEEM, An STRUTH ERWE ST- much admired by lapidaries near kr and Easter, Kilrenny, and Earhferry, rubies of a fine water have Crail. Of thofe which retain all been found and, in the poffeffion of
j

their privileges, except that of fend-

ing

members

to

Lady Anftruther, is a pair of buckles, parliament, we may mounted with the fame precious (tone,
found

mention Auchtermucbty, Stratbmiglo,

Neivbitrgb, Falkland, Kilconqubar, Elze, Earhferry, Sec. which, indeed, are only fma.ll towns, but deferve notice, from their former importance. To the county alfo belongs the fmall iflands of May and Inchand Inchgarvic; (vide garvie.) There are few large eftates

in the neighbourhood of Elyhoufe, the feat of Sir John Anftruther. In the limeftone quarries of Innertiel, in the parifh of Abbots'-hall, the Specimens of petrified (hells, entrcchij cornua ammonh, patelLe, and oculei echinorwn, are Angularly beautiful, and have obtained places in the cain Fifefhire, 'it being moftly divided binets of the curious: other limeftone into fmall districts, on which the pro- quarries alfo contain the fame marine prietors have their reiidences ; to at- exwuia, though in a lefs perfect ftate. tempt an enumeration of the. principal The valued rent, as ftated in the feats would be incompatible with our county books, is 362,584]. 7s. jd work. From this minute division of Scots, and the real land rent is eftithe land, however, it is worthy of re- mated at 174,000!. fterling. The counmark, that in no county in Scotland ty of Fife fends one member to parliament. is land of greater value ; few eftates Fillan ; a river in Perthfhire. It being fold at lefs than 25 or 30 years pnrchafe. It is divided into 63 paro- takes its rife on the borders of Argyllchial districts, aud contains, by the shire, and winding a circuitous courfe late enumeration in 1801, 93,71.3 in- of 8 or 9 miles through a valley to habitants, being nearly 196 to the which it gives the name of Strathfillan, Square mile; a much greater propor- falls into Loch Dochart ; and, as this tion than is to be found in any other communicates with Loch Tay, from county in Scotland. It was anciently whence the Tay takes its rife, Fillan an earldom in the Macduff family, is generally confidered as the head of created by Malcolm III. for the fer- that large river. Find haven ; a hill in the parifh of vices performed by the Thane of Fife, in reftoring him to the throne of Scot- Oathlaw, in the county of Angus, is land, when ufurped by Macbeth. That elevated about 1500 feet above the On its title having expired, it was lately re- level of the adjacent country. vived in the Duffs of Braco, lateral fummit are the remains of an extendefcendents of the ancient family : the sive fortification, and towards the N. ruins of the residences of that power- fide it afiumes fomewhat of a bafaltic ful nobleman are ftill evident in many appearance. Findhorn, oi"Findhern; a river The whole of parts of the county. the S. fide lies upon coal, and many in the counties of Invernefs, Nairn, It takes its rife in the pits are wrought on every part of the and Moray. Cirift : in many places is excellent hills, betwixt thofe diftricls of Inverlimeftone ; and fome marl is found in nefs-fhire called Slraiberrig and Strathironftone,. of excellent earn, above 50 miles from the fea: the district quality, i: found in the weftern and alter traverfing, with amazing rapidmiddle quarters, and much is forged ity, a tract of mountain otis country, in a courfe nearly from S.W. to N.E. jr. the diftrict, or exported to the Carron works. Lead ore is found in the it dMcharges itfelf into the Moray at Eqftern Lomond^ one of the two coni- Frith, about 4 miles below Forres,

May

FIN
fmall bay and village to which it 3. Over this dangerous gives its name. river there are only 3 bridges from its fource to the fea one upon the military road from Aviemore to Invernefs, and the other at Dulcy, upoh the military road from Grantown to Fort George. It abounds with trout and falmon, and is navigable for fmall

FIS
commences, the

largeft, perhaps, ifl Scotland, containing about 5000 acres in one continued plain, affording excellent meadow hay in fummer, and : in winter affuming the appearance of a beautiful lake. The valley in which the Endrick vans has been lately planted, and the extenfive plantations around the manfion of Culcruich are a great ornament to the country. The veffels as far as the tide flows. FINDOCHTIE; a fifhing village in arable foil is light, quick, and fertile, the parifh of Rathven, in Banffihire. and when enriched with good manure, new vilIt was fettled as a fifhing ftation in produces excellent crops. I716 ; it is now the property of the lage has been lately eredted for the acEarl of Findlater, and contains about commodation of the people employed in the cotton works lately built on the 170 inhabitants. Finlagan (Loch) ; a lake in the banks of the Endrick. The Endrick center of the ifland of Ilia, about 3 and Carron take their rife in this paIt abounds rifh, and form feveral romantic falls miles in circumference. with falmon and trout, and diicharges in their courfe through it. Near the itfelf into the ocean at Lagan bay, by village of Fintry is a hill called the a rivulet of the fame name. On an Dun or Down, in which is a very fuifland within the lake are the ruins of perb range of bafaltic columns: this an ancient caftle, where Macdonald, range confifts of 70 perpendicular pilLord or rather King of the Ifles, fre- lars in front, 50 feet in length : fome quently refided, and made the feat of of them are apparently without joints from top to bottom ; others contain his government. a parifh in the county feveral joints, and are eafily feparable ; of Aberdeen ; it extends nearly 5 miles into loofe blocks: fome of the columns in length, and from 3 to 4 in breadth, are fquare, others hexagonal and pencontaining about 10,000 acres. The tagonal ; towards the E. end of the furfa.ce is hilly, but in the low grounds, range the columns hand feparated particularly on the banks of the Don, from one another 3 or 4 inches ; on the the foil is rich and fertile ; the back W. fide the bafaites does not aflume parts of the parifh have an inferior a regular form, but ends gradually in foil, confifting partly of peat mofs, a mafs of cellular or honey-comb lava* and partly of muir, interfperfed with The whole mountain abounds with patches of arable land, fome of which iron ore. In 1793, Fintry contained have a ftrong clayfoil. Nearly 300 acres 543 inhabitants. are covered with plantations, on the Firmonth ; the higheft mountain eftates of Sir William Forbes, and Mr. in the foreft of Glentanar, in AberSkene of Skene. The Don often over- deenfhire, is elevated about 2500 feet flows its banks, and, fome years, has above the level of the fea, and comdone a great deal of damage. Popu- mands a profpeel of Aberdeen, Monlation in 1791, 9:0. trofe, and Arbroath, with the mouth ; a parifh in the county of Tay* of Stirling ; lituated in the midft of FIRTH and STENNESS ; a parifh that range of hills which reaches from in Pomona, or the Mainland of Orkney. Stirling to Dumbarton, andbehind that Vide Pomona. particular diitrid: of them, ufually deFISHER-ROW ; a fuburb of the nominated the Campfie Fells. The town of Muffelburgh, from which it general appearance is hilly ; but the is feparated by the river EJk. It is hills are fmall, covered with verdure, moftly inhabited by fiihers and their and their fhapes are finely diverfified: wives, who carry the filh in creels to the only inhabited parts are a fmall Edinburgh, and are particularly divalley on the banks of the Carron, ftinguilhed for their ftrength, activity, and another on the Endrick, but the and laborious exertions ; (vide Musparifh extends nearly 5 miles in length, selburgh and Inveresk.) The fuand 4 in breadth. Near the fouthern burb of Fifher-row contains about extremity, the Carron bog or meadow 1800 inhabitants.

FINTRAY

FINTRY

'

FLE
a beautiful lake, about a mile in circumference, in the parifh of Forfar, Angus-fhire. It is the property of George Derhpfter, Efq. of Dunnichen, who has ereeled on its banks a neat cottage, as a fum;

FOB
county of Tay, oppofite to the Caife of Gowrie, extends about 3 miles in length, and 1 in breadth. The furface is level, with the exception of one hill, called Nor*> man's Law, from which the profpecl
;

Fithie (Loch)

a parifh in the Fife, fituated on the river

FLISK

mer-houfe or boudoir.
a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, about 6 miles diftant from the ifk' of Sky. It is about 2 miles in circumference, and its coafts abound
;

FLADDA

is

very extenfive

the

foil

is

fertile,

and well adapted for the culture of

wheat. On the weftern diftrict ftands the caftle of BaUnbrieck, an ancient with fiih. edifice, approaching faft to ruin, and ISLES are about 7 or which was long the refidence of the 8 in number, about 12 miles N. W. Rothes family. On the fummit of from the ilk of Sky. They are not Norman's Law are the remains of an for fattening inhabited, but are noted entrenchment. Population in 1791^ iheep : t&ey are fuppofed to be the 33*> one of the Orkney ifles. bifida: facra of ancient writers, and to ; have been the refidence of the druids, It is 5 miles long, and 3^ broad, moft from the number of druidical edifices of it encompaffed with high rocks its heaths afford excellent iheep pafwhich ftill remain. Fleet ; a river in the ftew.irtry of ture, and abound with land fowl ; it Kirkcudbright. It takes its rife from contains, with the fmall adjoining a lake of the fame name in the moun- iflandsofFARA, Cava, and Gransey, tainous part of that county, and, after about 240 inhabitants. FOCHABERS; a fmall town in thea meandering courfe through the Tale of Fleet, palling the large and popu- parifh of Bellie, fituated in the county bank of the rilous village of Gatehoufe, falls into the of Moray on the Solway Frith near the church of Tyne- ver Spey. Formerly the town was in holme. The vale of Fleet is beautiful the neighbourhood of Gordon-cattle, but was lately removed about a mile for many miles above Gatehoufe rough heath-clad hills, indeed rife on S. to a rifing ground, and built on a each fide ; but the lower declivities, neat plan, having a fquare in the cenand the intermediate plain, are fertile, ter, and ftreets entering it at right well cultivated, and adorned with angles. The town is a burgh of balarge tracts of wood. The lrenery is rony, governed by a baron-bailie, appicturefque in a high degree; and few pointed by the Duke of Gordon, who rivers, even in the Highlands, poffefs is fuperior ; it is very thriving, and is fcenes of greater wildnefs, which are yearly increafmg in lize. The number here contrafted with the beauties of of inhabitants in 1796 was 935. a parifh in the councultivation. About 5 miles above GateIt is houfe, on the eaftern fide of the river, ties of Rofs and Cromarty. chiefly fituated in a valley furrounded is Gamftrndden, the elegant huntingfeat of Mr. Murray ; and, on the with high hills, interfered through its weftern fide, nearly oppofite, is the whole length by the fmall rivulet ancient tower of Rufco, formerly the Peffer, from which the valley derives refidence of the Vifcounts ofKenmure. the name of Strathpeffer : this valley Eelow Gatehoufe, the appearance is is nearly 2 miles long, and half a mile no lefs beautiful within the compafs broad ; but there are farms in the paof one landfcape are feen that populous rifh which extend much farther avillage, the houfes of Bardarrocb, Ard- mongft the mountains, fome of which equal many of the hills in Scotland nvell, and Calk; the caftle of Cardonefs, with a fertile country, interfperfed for height. Benevis is one of the moft with cottages, farm-houfes, and clumps elevated, and on KnockfaUaric is one of planting, with the church of Tyne- of thofe vitrified forts, the erection of horrjfle, and the Fleet opening into the which tradition afcribes to Fingal. expanded Frith. There is a handfome The foil is tolerable, but the old mebridge over" the river at Gatehoufe, to thod of cropping is generally followed which it is navigable for fmall veffels. by all claffes of the farmers : fome at-'

FLANNAN

FLOTA

W.

FODDERTY;

It contains

ialmon

in great

abundance.

tempts have been made towards

alter-

FOR
ipg the fyftem of farming, but have always been checked for want of encouragement, none of the proprietors allowing their tenants to derive any

FOR

Knock hill, which is the boundary with the pariih of Grange, and two contiguous eminences, called the hills of Fordice and Durn. Except the two advantage from their improvements, fmall bays of Po r r s o y and Sanden p, or offered any affiftance towards car- the coad is very bold and rocky ; atrying them on. There are feveral ap- tached to the rocks are corallines, and pearances of coal mints, and fome fometimesfamplesof corals and fponge The lea weed Strata have been difcovered of fcbijlus, have been filhed up. ftrongly impregnated with bitumen, is very abundant, and is much ufed as extremely inflammable ; but no ftra- a manure. The Kirktown of Fordice, tum of importance has yet been dif- iituated about half a mile from the fea, covered. There are feveral fulphure- was erected into a burgh of barony in ous mineral fprings, which are reforted 1499, at the requeft of Elphinlton to for ftomachic complaints. Popula- Bifliop of Aberdeen ; the fuperiority of which is now vefted in the Earl of tion in 1792, 1730. Findlater. Befides this village, Port; a pariih in the county of It is of a regular oblong- foy is a confiderable trading and fifhing Berwick. figure, extending 6 miles in length town, fituated at the bottom of a bay from E. to W. and between 3 and 4 of the fame name, and at the bay of miles in breadth ; it is interfered by Sanclend is a tolerable fiihing village. the river Blackadder, and fome of its At Portfoy is found that fpecies of tributary ftreams. The foil is of two jafper called Portfoy marble, which is kinds : the firft, a rich deep loam, quarried and manufactured into chimcomprehending the banks of the river, ney-pieces, funeral ornaments, Sec. The and a confiderable tradt on each llde ; quarryis very exten five, running nearly the other is a light muirifh loam, on 4 miles in length. The hill of Durn a cold tilly bed, naturally wr et, but feems to be compofed entirely of martolerably productive in dry feafons. ble, and a very white quartz, fimilar The whole is arable, except a few to the petunfe of the Pentland hills. acres of fwampy ground. At a village There afe inexhauftible quarries of called Chejiers, are the traces of a Ro- excellent limeftone, and near Sandend man encampment very much defaced. great hopes have been entertained of Fogo contained in 1797, 450 inhabit- finding coal. Between the ftrata of the limeftone are found layers of a ants. FORBES ; apariminAberdeenfhire, bituminous/o6i/?z, of a black colour, united to Kearn, in forming a paro- fimilar to the crop veins in coal counBoring has been feveral times chial diftrict. Thefe, united, are about tries, 6^ miles in length, and 2 in breadth, tried, but no difcovery of coal has lying on the banks of the Don and been made. There is a whitiih coBogie. The greater part is muir and loured peat, which is very inflammable, uncultivated, and feveral of the moun- and emits a bright light in burning. tains rife to a confiderable height On the hill of Durn is a triple fofie Cakoar and Correen are elevated nearly and rampart, which appears to have 1200 feet above the Don, which flows completely furrounded it ; and there at their feet. There is one limeftone are remains of feveral druidical temquarry, but the want of fuel renders ples, and tumuli. It is faid that the it of little value. Driminner, the an- famous Archbilhop Sharp was a nacient feat of the family of Forbes, ap- tive of this pariih ; and it was alfo pears to have been built about the the birthplace of General Abercromby middle of the 16th century ; it is the of Glaffaugh. In 1793, Fordice cononly feat in the pariih. Forbes is thinly tained 3425 inhabitants. inhabited, containing only 370 perfons. a pariih in the FORDICE ; a pariih in the county county of Kincardine ; it is of an obof Banff. It lies on the lea coaft, in a long form, extending in length from triangular figure, each fide being nearly E. to W. about 10 miles, its greateft 5 miles in length : the general appear- breadth near the middle is about 7. ance is flat, with frequent inequalities The S. part is flat and plain, making or rifmg grounds, none of which de- a part of the continuation of the vallerve the name of hills, except the ley of Strathmore, called the ho-jj

FOGO

FORDO UN;

<

FOR
the

FOR
is

and fhoes or brogues, as they are called, mountainous, with a thin foil, far in- employs a confiderable' number of ferior in fertility to the lower part. hands. The great drawback on the
the
hilly

Meams;

N. diftrict

Befides the village of Auchinblae, there another village called Kincardine, which gave name to the county, and was the county town till the reign of James VI. who removed the courts to Stonehaven, which has continued to be the county town ever fince. There are diftinci veftiges of a Roman encampment, and the ruins of an old cattle, laid to have been a royal palace belonging to Kenneth HI. where he fometimes refided. This pariih is noted for haying been the birth-place of Johannes de Fordoun, author of the Scoticbronicon ; one of themoft ancient and authentic hiftories of Scotland which have been publifhed. It alfo gave birth to the late celebrated Lord Monboddo, well known in the literary world for his writings on ancient metaphyfics, and the origin and progrefs Population in 1790, of language.
is

manufactures here, is the diflance from afea port; Dundee, the neareft, being diftant about 13 miles. The town'of Forfar containsabout 4000 inhabitants. The pariih of Forfar extends about
6 miles in length

from N. to

S.

and a-

bout 5

general appearance is level, with the exception of the hill of Balnajhinar, which lies to the S. of the town. The foil towards the N. and S. extremity is light

in breadth.

The

and fandy; about the middle, of a fpouty clay. There are feveral lakes, viz. Forfar, Rejrenet, and Fithie, which have been almoft drained for the mofs and marl with which they abound (vide Restenet and Fithie.) In the loch of Forfar was an ifiand with a caftle, faid to have been a place of
religious retirement for Queen garet, when Malcolm Canmore
it

Marmade

2258.

FORFAR (COUNTY
fiderable

OF),

or

ANGUSSHIRE. Vide Angusshire. FORFAR; a royal borough of conantiquity,

and the county

town of Angusfhire, where the fheriff has held his courts for upwards of two
centuries, being pretty centrically fituated for the adniiniftration of juftice. The original charters of erection are loft ; but there is extant a royal writ of r.o-vodamus, with parliamentary ratification, dated 1669, which certifies and confirms all the ancient charters, rights, and privileges of the burgh. It is governed by a provoft, 2 bailies, and 19 counfellors, annually felf-elected. The annual revenue arifing from lands, cuftoms, &c. is fuppofed to be communlbus annis, upwards of 400I. fterling. The ftreets are irregular ; but many of the houfes are neat, and well built. The church is elegant and commodious, fituated nearly in the center of the town. The town-houfe is newly rebuilt ; the front towards the market place has a good effect ; but the rooms for prifoners are dark and uncomfortable, and the utility of the whole fabric feems to have been facrificed to the attainment of a large upper room for public meetings and amulements. confiderable manufacture of ofnahurgs and coarfe linens is carried on in Forfar; and the making of coarfe

By the drainunited to the land. The water of Dean, which runs from this lake, falls into the Ifla in its courfe through Strathmore to the Tay, while the waters from the reft of the pariih run E. to fall with the Lunan into the bay of that name, half-way betwixt Arbroath and Montrofe. In 1792, the parifh contained 4756 inhabitants; in 1801, the number was 5165. or St. PHILLANS ; a parifh in Fifefhire, fituated on the S. bank of theTay, which is about 2 miles broad, oppofite to the town of Dundee. It is 4 miles in length, and about 2 in breadth : the furface is elevated in the middle, declining towards the river on the N. the reft having a S. expofure of nearly 3 miles: the foil is for the moft part a light loam, highly fufceptible of cultivation. There are 2 Trhall harbours, at Newport and Hrood-ba<ven, from which there are regular ferry-boats to Dundee. On the banks of the river there are feveral valuable falmpn fiihings, the property of Robert Stewart, Efq. of St. Fort: there are feveral fmall villages, the inhabitants of which are generally employed in the manufacture of coarfe linens for the Dundee market. Population in I793> 875. a parifh in the county of Perth, fituated in the vale of Stratherne, about 3 miles S. of the
his place of refidence.
it is

ing,

now

FORGAN,

FORGANDENNY;

FOR
town of Perth.
It is

FOR
5 miles in

about

romantic fituation, furrounded with exteniive plantations and Camoafic, .extends from the Erne to the foot of the houfe of Colonel Duff, is an elePopulation in 1793, the Ochil bills, is a fine level country, gant manfion. fimilar in foil to the moft fertile land about 6co.
Scots acres.

length, and fcarcely 2 in breadth, containing in round numbers about 8000

Banff, Hands or, the banks of Deveron, on a moft beautiful and

feat of

Lord

The lower divifion, which

in the .Carle of Gowrie : the upper or hilly part exhibits frequent rocks, moft

FORGUE

aparifii in Aberdeenfliire,

of which are, however, covered with heath or furze ; in the intermediate ipaces the foil is a mixture of reddifh clay, loam, and fand. Befides the Erne, the fmall river May interfecls the parifh, falling into the Erne nearly oppofite to Dapplin, the feat of the Earl of Kinnoul. There are a great number of fine trees in the low diftricl; and the fides of the hills are covered with plantations of fir. The village of Forgan, fituated in the hills, about half a mile from the Erne, is neatly built, having a fmall clear ftream dividing
it into two parts. Befides this village, there are three others, called Ardargie,

extending about greateft breadth It is interfered Frendraught and

9 miles in length; its

being about 6 miles. by two rivulets, the

Forgv.c, the latter

of

beautifully Ikirted with wood: the foil in the lower parts is generally a deep rich loam, on a clay bottom,

which

is

towards the ; the ground is moftly in a ftate of nature, and covered with heath. Upon the eftates of Mr. Morifon cf Bognie, and Major Duff of Mayen, much has been done in planting and improving the wafte and barren appearance cf the parifh. Forgue, in 1793, contained 1778 inhabitants. Forman or Formon ; one of the
S.

producing heavy crops

Newton, and Path of Condie, which, Grampian mountains, in Aberdeentogether, contain nearly 400 inhabit- fliire, the elevation of which is upants. Irortftone abounds, and lime- wards of ioco feet above the Doveran, ftone has been found on the banks of which runs at its bafe. It is entirely in the wood of Condie, covered with wood, except on the S. the May which is fituated amongft the hills, E. where ftands Cobairdy, the feat of feveral pieces of copper ore was found Sir Erneft Gordon, Bart, furrounded by the late Mr. Oliphant and, near with a variety of fields, in the higheft the fame place, fome years ago, were ftate of cultivation.
: ;

difcovered certain metallic appearances, Which invited a company to make trial of them accordingly, lead was difcovered, containing a great quantity of filver ; but, unfortunately, the company failed in trade, and the attempt, has not yet been renewed. There are veftiges of feveral encampments ; particularly on the fummit of a hill called Cajlle Law ; the circumference of its area is about 500 yards, and it is regularly fortified with a ditch and rampart. Population in 1791,
:

FORMARTIN
tricT:

all

was formerly a difof Aberdeenfliire, and included the lands between the rivers Don
It is

in the Garioch,
;

now comprehended and part of Buchan. FORRES a royal borough in the county of Moray. It is neatly built, on a rifing ground, near the bay of
and Ythan.
Findhorn, the mouth of which, 3 miles with a fmall village dependent on the town. It is un-

diftant, is its fea port,

978.

; a village and parifh in the Carfe of Gowrie. Vide

FORGAN (LONG)

Long ForgAn.

certain when Forres was erected into a royal borough ; but ancient records fpeak of it as a town of confiderabie note fo early as the 13th century j it is governed by a provoft, 2 bailies, and dean of guild, annually elected. Forres

FORGLEN; a parifh in the county of Banff, of a rectangular figure, 3-5 miles in length by -z-^ in breadth ; the furface is beautifully varied, with gently rifing grounds, having a gradual flope towards the S. where the river Deveron forms the boundary. The
foil is light

contains' 7400 inhabitants. The parilh of Forres is about 4 miles in length, and %\ in breadth ; it is moftly arable, and fertile, but there are fome parts

of it covered with heath. The Findhorn abounds with falmon, and the fifliings on it are very valuable and pro-

part

is

and fertile, and the greater ductive. This river is navigaoie within under cultivation. Forg'en, the 2 miles of the town ; and a canal might

FOR
be made, at a fmall expence, to permit veffels to unload at the foot of that eminence on which the borough ftands. There is one quarry of limeftone, but there is neither freeftone nor granite fit for building. South of the town, on a rifing ground, ftands the houfe of Bands-yards, the feat of Mr. Urquhart, commanding an extenfive profpect, and furrounded with extenfive plantations. In 1793, the population of the country part of the parifh of Forres was 589. FORSA ; a fmall ifiand of Argyllfhire, adjacent to the ifiand of Eafdale. It abounds with flate, and its mineralogy is fimilar to that ifiand. Vide
ftinct.

FOR
traces of the building are very indi-

Population

in 1798, 970.

Fort George,
(Fort.)

Vide

George

Forth : one of the moft confiderable and important rivers in Scotland. It takes its rife in the N. fide of Benlomond mountain, in Dunbartonfhire, and running from W. to E. nearly the
whole breadth of the kingdom, forms that Frith or arm of the German ocean to which it gives its name. After leaving its fource, it fhortly expands into a beautiful lake, from which it is
precipitated in full ftream over a perpendicular rock ; it then forms another expanfion, a third, and a fourth, before it defcends into the low country even at its fource, while it is only an inconfiderable rill, which a child
:

Easdale.

Forse; a confiderable river in Caithnefs, which takes its rife in the parifh of Halkirk, nearly in the center of the county ; running N. it difcharges itfelf into the Pentland Frith, at a fmall village to which it gives its
name.

might ftep over, it winds in the fame manner, and forms the fame links, as

when become more

majeftic

it

paffes

Fort Augustus. Vide Augustus (Fort.) ftreams, which fhortly increafe its vo-. Fort Charlotte. Vide Char- lume, and render its fcenery truly pic* lotte (Fort.) turefque and magnificent. About 6
a parifh fituated or 8 miles above Stirling, after receiving banks of the river Erne, a large fupply of water from the united that gives name to the rich and beauti- rivers of Teath, Allan, and Ardoch, it ful ftrath in Perthfhire, through which enters that extenfive plain, which is termed the Carfe of Stirling and Falit runs. The parifh ftretches acrofs the level of the ftrath, comprehending kirk. Through this valley the river fome of the higheft of the Ockil hills : winds in a manner fcarcely to be debefides being interfered by the river fcribed : it feems as if unwilling to Erne, the river May flows through it, leave the fruitful and delightful counin a beautifully variegated courfe ; fall- try through which it runs, and as if ing into the Erne near a ftone bridge wifhing to prolong the term of its ftay of 6 arches. This little river frequently by lengthening its courfe : its meanfwells to great fize, and defcends from ders are fo extenfive and frequent, as the hills with great rapidity, making to form a great many beautiful peninoonfiderable devaftations on the banks fultz, on one of which, immediately and adjacent grounds. On its banks oppofite to the caftle of Stirling, ftands is fituated Invermay, the refidence of the ruinous tower of the abbey of CamColonel Belches, one of the moft ro- bufkenneth, the only remnant of that mantic and pleafant fpots in Strath- venerable pile, which was one of the

through the Carfe of Stirling. In its courfe through the mountains it receivesfrom them innumerabletributary

FORTEVIOT;
fertile

on the

erne. Around it are extenfive plantations, and natural trees ; amongft

richeft

religious houfes in the king-

dom.

Here the fcenery

:

is

truly in-

which, the birk or birch hold a con- terefting the fertile fields, the manfpicuous place, and perpetuates the fions and policies, almoft infulated by

remembrance of the fcenery defcribed in the ballad to which it gave rife *' The Birks of Livertnay." This river alfo exhibits fome natural curiofities and cafcades, that defervedly attract
he attentionof ftrangers; (vide
Haly-hill, in this parifh,
fite

May.)

was once the

;

the turns of the river, the ruinous abbey, the white fails of the veffels appearing in every direction, all increafe the beauty of the fcene. Some idea may be formed of the windings of this noble river, when it is mentioned, that by land the diftance from Stirling to

of the royal refidence

but the

Alloa

is

only 6 miles

while by water

FOR
it is

FOR
mores of the Frith, every where are eftabliflied faltworks ; and the greater

not

lefs

than 24-

Mr. Gilpin ob-

ferves,that

" in this iinuous navigation, were the mariner to truft entirely to part of the coafts of the comities of the fails, he would have to wait for Perth, Fife, Stirling, and the Lothian s, the benefit of every wind round the abound with inexhauftible repofitocompafs, feveral times over." After ries of coal, limeftone, and ironftone ;
paffing Alloa, it expands into a considerable bay, upwards of 20 miles in At length, but of unequal breadth. the Queensferry it contracts confiderably, being not more than 2 miles over, in the middle of which is the fmall

caufing a never-failing refort of veflels to the numerous ports to procure thefe valuable minerals. Since the completion of the great canal between the two feas, the tonnage which entered the Frith of Forth has increafed greatly, ifland of Inchgarvie, with its fortifica- and renders it almoft a rival to the For 3 or 4 miles it continues Thames. The length of its courfe, tions. contracted, till palling the ifland of in a direct line, is upwards of 90 miles Cramond and Inverkekhing bay, it but, calculating all the turns and windexpands gradually into a Frith, which, ings for which it is fo remarkable, it oppolite to Leith, is 9 miles in breadth. cannot be eftimated at lefs than 250 It continues of nearly the fame breadth miles.
for feveral miles, forming

many

fafe

Forth and Clyde Navigation.

harbours and bays on the Fife coaft ; Vide Canal. FORTINGAL ; a Highland parifh till oppofite to Dirleton and North Berwick, in Haddingtonfhire, and the in Perthfhire : to it is joined the paroyal borough of Crail in Fife, it lofes rochial diftrict of Kilchonan, which, The united, extend fully 37 miles in length, itfelf in the German ocean. mouth of the Forth contains feveral and 17 in breadth, occupying the N. It comfmall illands, particularly the ifle of W. diftrict of the county. May, on which a light-houfe is erect- prehends 3 diftricts, viz. Fortingal, ed, the Bass, the illands of Fiddrie Glenlyon, and Rannoch, befides an efand Inchkeith, and, farther up, the tate of 16 ploughgates, fituated S. of illands of Cramond, Inchgarvie, Tay-bridge, 8 miles from the church. Inchcolm, and Inchmickery. The The diftrict of Fortingal is about 5 Fotth is navigable for veffels of 80 miles in length, is a fertile valley, with tons as far as Stirling bridge, which the fmall river Lyon running through is almoft the only bridge of confe- the bottom, containing numerous vilquence over the river ; it is navigable lages, and finely ornamented with for merchant veffels of any burden as woods and clumps of trees. Glenlyon far as Grangemouth, where it is joined is a narrow glen, 28 miles in length, by the great canal of communication icarcelymorethanagunfhotinbreadth; from the Clyde ; it pofleffes innumer- the fides being formed of a ridge of able harbours ; and, above ^neens- the higheft mountains in Perthfhire : ferry, the whole river may be confi- it contains many fmall villages, fome dered as one of the fafeft roadfteads of which have no funfhine for 5 or 6 in Britain. In Inixrkerthing bay, in months in winter. Rannoch is alfo furLeith roads, in the Ely, &c. are alio rounded with high mountains, having It abounds Loch Rannoch, a lake 12 miles long, fafe places of anchorage. with white fiih of all kinds ; and, and 1 broad, in the middle of the valhigher up, there are many valuable ley. The foil of this diftrict is very falmon fifhings ; particularly at Alloa, indifferent, and in moft parts of the Kincardine, Torrybum, and Culrofs. It pariih exceedingly bad ; many large woods of birch, and an txtenfive fir is generally vifited by an annual fhoal of herrings, which are efteemed nearly wood, ftill remain, of that immenfe equal to thofe which vilit the weftern foreft which occupied the N. diftrict eoafts of the ifland ; and, within thefe of Perthfhire, and the county of Infew years, great exertions have been vernefs. Befides Loch Rannoch, there made in profecuting that kind of fim- are other extenfive lakes, of which At Cramond, and Inchmickery Loch Errack and Loch Lyon are the ery. illands, were formerly immenfe beds chief; from each of thefe lakes iffue of oyfters; but, from over fifhing, they rivers of confiderable fize, which, uhave been much exhaufted. On the nitine, form the Tumwel, which joins
I

FOR
waters to the Tay. ShkhAllin; the higheft mountain, meafures ,3587 feet above the level of the fea ; and fome of the hills of Glenlyon and Befri-ardtlanith, inRannoch, are not much lowBefore the year 1745? this diftricc er. was in an uncivilized, barbarous ftate, vmder no check or reftraint of laws j it was the receptacle of thofe free* hooters, who laid the whole country, from Cupar of Angus to Stirling, under contribution, obliging the inhabitants to pay them black meal or mail, as it was called, to fave their property from being plundered- But, government having feht a regiment to refide amongft them, and a thief having been hung at their doors, they foon felt the neceffity of reformation, and of iniis

FOSfame monarch
in

1612.

Thefe enafv

ters all bear, that the burgh is to be " entitled to the privileges, liberties,

and immunities, heretofore granted .to

the town of Invernefe." Fortrofe is at that time fpoken of as a town flourifh- ing in the arts and fciences, having been then the feat of divinity, law, and phyfic, in this corner of the kingdom. At prefent, the town is fmall,

'

and owes

its

confequence

to. the late

eftablifliment of an

academy, under

duftry.
ieveral

Amongft the

rocks, at the

back of the
there
is

village of Fortingal, are

fmall veins of lead ore ; and a very rich vein in Glenlyon, which was wrought fome years, but At it did not anfwer the expence. the foot of Shichallln iffues a fpring, impregnated with fome neutral fait, which is highly diuretic, and is much nfed in gravellifh complaints. Befides a great many forts throughout the diftricT:, there is an extenfive Roman encampment, of which the area is about 80 acres ; the fnffi and -vallum are much broken down by the plough ; but the prastorium is quite complete. The late Earl of Braidalbih employed fome labourers to dig for antiquities ; and a few urns and Roman coins Were found. In 1793, Fortingal contained about 3914 inhabitants. a royal borough in ; the county of Rofs, on the N. fide of the Moray Frith, nearly oppofite to

FORTROSE

Fort George. It is compofed of two towns, viz, Rosemarkie and Chanonry, joined together by royal charter. The former was a burgh of con-

siderable antiquity, being ere died into a royal burgh by Alexander II. King of Scotland. Ckanonry lies about a mile to the W. ; fo called from being the Chanonry of Rofs, where the Bifbop Fort William. Vide William had his refidence, and is now the prel- (Fort.) and TULLIEBOLE. FOSSA bytery feat. Thefe were united by a charter granted by King James II. Thefe united parifhes lie in two ihire6 5 anno 1444, under the, common name the former belonging to the county of of Foktross, now foftencd into For- Perth, and Tullicbolebting politically trose; which charter was ratified by annexed to that of Kir.rcfs. They King James VI. anno 1592, and con- occupy a contklcrable extent of the firmed with greater immunities by the Ochil hills, and the valley at tlicisf

the direction of feveral public fpirited gentlemen in the neighbourhood, for the education of young perfons in the languages, and the principles of natural philofophy. It has a rector and two matters, who receive a falary from the mortification of 1800 merks Scots in 1699, by a Mr. Thomas Forbes, bailie of Fortrofe, which had been allowed to accumulate to a confiderable fura. fmall parts of the ancient cathedral ftill remain, one of which is ufed as a burial place of the Mackenzie family, and the other is occupied as a coiirt-houfe, with the vaulted prifons below. From this place is a regular ferry to Fort George,- which is only 6 or 7 miles diftant. Dr. Geo. Mackenzie, the laborious compiler of the " Lives of the moft eminentwriters of the Scots nation," is faid to have been born in this town : it is certain he refided here, in an old caftle belonging to the Earl of Seaforth, and lies interred in the cathedral ; and Dr. James Mackenzie, author of the " Art of Preferving Health," is faid to have for fome time taught the grammar fchool of the burgh. As the town of Fortrofe lies in the parochial diftricu of Rosemarkie, an account of the general appearance and foil of the neighbourhood will be found at that article. In 1793, the town of Fortrofe, comprehending Chanonry and the burgh of Rofemarkie, contained about 740 inhabitants. It joins with the northern diftricT: of burghs in fending a member to parliament.

Two

WAY

FOU
foot from the river Dovan to wRhin 6 miles of Kinrofs. The lands are elevated, and expofed to ftorms and autumnal frofts, which renders the feative.

FO W
portion is enclofed, the greater part being fitted for pafture. Abercairneyboufe, the feat of Mr. Moray of Abercairney, is a large and commodious

fons later, and the crops lei's produc- building, furrounded with extenfive The hills afford excellent fheep plantations. The village of Foulis pafture, and are in general covered contains about 140 inhabitants ; near with grafs to the very fummit. Seve- which is the ancient manfion of Curral extenfive plantations have been late- toquhey, the refidence of Mr. Maxton. ly made, and enclofures are becoming The ruins of an ancient fort or caftle general. There are two villages, which are feen about a mile W. from the Population in 1794, 1224. are both burghs of barony ; one called church. a parifh in Aberdeenthe Crook of Dovan, under the fuperiority of Moncrief Wclwood, Efq. of fhire, extends 4 miles in length from Tulliebole ; and the other Blairingone, E. to W. and about 2 in breadth. The of which the Duke of Atho! is fuperi- general appearance is flat, but the or : both thefe have well attended an- ground rifes by a gradual afcent from nual fairs. The river Dovan in its the fea : the foil varies from a fandy courfe forms feveral romantic falls, loam to a rich loam and ftrong clay, particularly the Caldron linn, the Rum- the whole of which is arable. The bling bridge, and the Devil's mill; ( vide river Ythan forms the boundary on Dovan.) Coal, lime, and ironftone the N. at the mouth of which lies the are found in great abundance; and fmall village of Newburgh. The moft of the hills are compofed of ba- Ythan is navigable for nearly 3 miles, faltic whinftone, of a dark blue or but no harbour has been built, nor purple colour, which anfwers toler- any accommodation for fhipping. ably well for building. Population in There are the ruins of feveral ancient caftles and chapels, and a few tumuli 1795, 2505. or cairns are to be feen. Population ; a parifh in the county of Berwick, is nearly of a fquare form, in 1793, 1243. containing about 6 fquare miles. The or FULE ; one of the foil varies from a ftrcng clay to loam northern ifles, fuppofed to be the and fand the whole is fertile, well Ultima Thule of the ancients, not enclofed, and in a high ftate of culti- only from the mere analogy of the vation. It is interfered by the Wbit- name, but alfo from more undoubted tadder, which runs in a den, in many teftimony ; for Tacitus fpeaking of places from 40 to 50 yards deep. The the Roman general Agricola, regardfea coafc is fteep and rocky, affording ing his victories, and the diftance to no creeks or harbours for fifhing boats. which he penetrated northward, thus There is an old ruin called Foulden, expreffes himfelf; invenit domuitque which appears to have been a place of Infulas, quas vocant Cr cades ,deffectaque ftrength and fecurity in the border Thule.'" Fowla, which is high wars. The village, which was form- ground, is eafily feen in a clear day erly confiderable, is a burgh of ba- from the northern parts of the Orkrony, under the fuperiority of Mr. neys. It is about 3 miles in length, Wilkie of Foulden, and is privileged and 1 \ in breadth ; it is fituated nearly to hold 2 annual fairs. Population in 20 miles diftant from any land to the I793> 344. weftward of the clutters of Orkney FOULIS EASTER, in Perthshire, and of Shetland, to which laft it is lately united to LyNinr., in forming a politically annexed. It is very bold parochial diftrict. Vide Lundie and and fteep towards the W. ; and the Foulis. only landing-place, which is called a parifh in Ham, lies on the E. fide, and is much ; Perthfhire, in the diftrict of Stratherne, reforted to as a fifhing ftation. It afabout 8 miles in length, and 6 in fords excellent and extenfive pafturage breadth. It is watered by the Almond, for fheep, and is inhabited by 26 or which here forms feveral romantic 27 families, making about 1.0 inhafalls. The foil is a red clay or till, bitants, who, although the ifland canwhich, by cultivation and manure, be- not fupply them with provifions, are comes loamy and fertile a veryfmall fo attached to the place, that they are

FOVERAN;

FOULDEN

FOWLA,

Now

FOULIS WESTER

7.

FO Y
Foyers, or Fvers
;

FO Y
a fmall river

feldom known to leave it, choofing The bridge was built about 12 years rather to fubmit to many inconveni- ago ; before which time, the only paffage over this torrent was a rude alpences than to emigrate.
ine bridge, confirming of fome fticks. thrown over the rocks, and covered pendous waterfall of the fame name. with turf. It was croffed by the peaThe river takes its rife amongft the fantry on foot, butmuft certainly have lofty mountains of the parifh of Bole- turned giddy the fteadieft head, unikine and AbertarfF, and pouring thro' accuftomed to fuch fcenes. About the vale of Foyers, falls into Lochnefs, 3 years before the prefent bridge was nearly in the middle between the eait- built, a neighbouring farmer, on his ern and weftern extremities of that way home from Invernefs, had called lake. The vale is as romantic as can at the General's Hut to fhelter himwell be fuppofed the banks of the felf from the inclemency of the ftorrri, river and the fides of the mountains and drive out the invading cold, by reare covered with weeping birch, and inforcing the garrifon in the ftomach! here and there the mountains prefent Here he met with fome old acquainttheir naked precipitous fronts, from ance, with whom he converfed of which huge fragments of rock have former times, without obferying the been hurled to the bottom and here frequency of the circulating glafs. the beautiful plant, the Alchimilla alp- The fnow continued to fall in thick ina grows in the greateft abundance flakes, and they were fitting by a comand luxuriance. Dr. Garnett, whole fortable fire ; at laft, when the fumes defcription of the falls of the Dovan of the whifky had taken pofTeffion of has already been quoted, defcribesthe his brain, and raifed his fpirits to no falls of Foyers with equal accuracy ordinary pitch, he determined to go and elegance. " Having left our hor- home. When he came to this place, fes," fays he, f at General's Hut, we having been accuftomed to crofs the, were conducted by our landlord to rude bridge on foot, he habitually the falls. We firft vifited the upper took thus road, and forced his horfe one, which is about a mile and a half over it. Next morning, he had fome from the houfe, and nearly half a mile faint recollection of the circumftance, above the lower fall. Here the river though the feeming impoffibility of Foyers being confined on each fide by the thing made him fufpect that it fteep rocks, precipitates itfelf with was a dream but, as the ground was great velocity, forming a very fine ca- covered with fnow, it was very eafy taract. A little below the fall a bridge to convince himfelf ; he accordingly lias been thrown over by the proprie- went, and when he perceived the tracks tor, Frazer of Foyers, from which the of his horfe's feet along the bridge, he fall is feen ; but, in order to obtain a fell illj and died fhortly afterwards. proper view of it, we, with fome dif- In our way to the lower fall, our guide ficulty, fcrambled down the fteep fhewed a cave of confiderable ftze, banks to the rocks below,rom whence near the river, where the freebooters
in Invernefs-fhire, noted for the ftu; : ;

ufed to fhelter themfelves in turbulent bridge and rocks formed times. There was a way of efcape a fine frame or fore-ground, behind towards the water, fhould the main which, at the diftance of perhaps 30 entry be difcovered. Our next object vards, appeared the firft part of the was the lower fall. When we came to fall : the fecond, and mod important the two rude pillars before mentioned, break; was a few yards nearer, and we left the road, and went down the the Ioweft almoft under the arch. Our fide of the hill. The defcent to the guide was prefent when very acaurate point of view is difficult, but we were meafurements were taken of thefe amply repaid for our trouble. The The following particulars are following particulars are put down falls. therefore put down from his informa- from the information of our guide : feet. feet. tion : From the top of the rocks to the From the arch of the bridge to furface of the water, - - - 470. the furface of the water, after 200 Height of the fall 111 one continued the Ioweft part of the fall, ftrearn, 207 Height of the fall, - - - - . 70
Ave beheld this romantic fcene in perfection.

The

-------

FR A
from
the furface of the fmooth

FR A
cellent harbour, having

Fraferburgh polTeiTes a fmall but exfrom 11 to 16 5 feet water, allowing veffels of 300 tons of the uninterrupted fall, - to enter. Contiguous to the harbour So that the height of the fall may properly be called - - - -312 is a tolerable road for fhippir.g, in a Down this precipice the river rulhes bay nearly 3 miles in length, and upwith a noife like thunder into the abyfs wards of 1 in breadth, with good anAdjoining the W. end of below, forming an unbroken ftream as chorage. white as fnow. From the violent agi- Fraferburgh is the fmall fifiiing village tation arifes a fpray which envelopes of Broadfa, containing nearly 160 inthe fpectator, and fpreads to a consi- habitants. Fraferburgh was erected inderable diftance. The following beau- to a burgh of regality in 1613. The tiful defcription of this fall was written government is vefted in Lord Saltoun by Burns, as he was Handing by it: as fuperior, 2 bailies, a dean of guild, His Lordfhip has the " Among the heathy hills and ragged and council. right and authority of provoft, with woods, The roaring Fyers pours his moffy floods; power to nominate and appoint annually the new magiftrates and counTill full he dallies on the rocky mounds, Where, thro' a fhapelefs breach, his ftream cil, by the advice and confent of the old. The revenues of the town are refounds. As high in air the burfling torrents flow, nearly jcl. per annum. In the W. end of the town is an old quadrangular As deep recoiling furges foam below, Prone down the rock the whitening fheet tower of 3 ftoreys, a fmall part of a defcends, large building intended for a college, And viewlefs Echo's ear, aftonifh'd, rends. by Sir Alexander Frafer, whrj, in 159c, Dim-feen, through riling mills and carelefs obtained a charter from the crown, em-

water above, to the beginning

fhow'rs,

The hoary
low'rs.
Still thro'

cavern,

wide furrounding,

powering him to erect a college and univerfity " in amplijimo forma," aa the charter runs, " et modo debito, hi
omnibus
refpeSlibus, ut conceditur etdatur cuicunque collegio ct univerfitate intra regnum nojlrum, eredo feu erigendo. ,y

the gap the ftruggling rivertoils,

And

ftill,

below, the horrid caldron boils."

undoubtedly one of the highthe world, and the quantity of water is fufficient to give it confequence the fcene is awful and grand, and I fuppofe, that any perfon who has once beheld it, will readily agree, that it is worth while to travel from Fort William to this place merely to fee the fall. Though an immenfe body of water falls down the celebrated cafcade of Niagara in North America,

This

is

eft falls in

But it does not appear it was carried into effect. The only manufacture is linen yarn, of which to the amount of 3000I. or 4000I. is annually exported* Fraferburgh contains about 1000 inhabitants.
diftant,

The extreme

points of the

pariih of Fraferburgh are about 8 miles

yet

its

height

is

not

much more
town

than

half the height of this, being only 140 feet." Garkf.tt's Tour, vol. I. p. 332.

FRASERBURGH;
county of Aberdeen.

in the

It is fituated

on

and its breadth fromE. to W. about 3 \ miles ; the meafurement exceeds 10,000 acres. The lea coaft: extends about 4 miles, and is partly fandy and partly rocky. Kinnaird's Head is a high promontory, projecting into the fea. The water of Philorth feparates this pariih from Rathen for
is

the S. fide of the point of Kinnaird's Head : the hoiifes are neatly built, and many of them are new, and covered with tile and flate: the ftreets are fpacious, and crofs each other nearly at right angles : the tolbooth and townhoufe are nearly in the center of the town : the crofs is a fine ftructure, of

an hexagonal figure, with 3 equidiftant hexagonal abutments the ground area is about 50b feet, and the whole is
:

furmounted by a ftone pillar 13 feet high, ornamented by the Britiih arms, and the arms cf Frafer of Philorth.

Along the fhore the foil general good, but the interior parts are gravelly. Except the hill of Mormond, which is elevated 800 feet above the level of the fea, the whole furface is flat and level. Beiides the old college there are the remains of feveral ancient towers and religious ftructures. Near the town Hands Philortb-houfe, the feat of Lord Saltoun, ftirrounded with extenfive plantations. In 1792, the pariih of Fraferburgh contained 2 2co inhabitants.
feveral miles.
is

in

F
FREUCHIE
Fyers;
;

YN
rings,

t
fifhery

YV

a matyifaduriog village in the parilh of Falkland, in Fifefhire, containing

which are of a fuperior quality to any found in the weftern feas. The

commonly begins in July or Auguft, and continues till the firft of January, during which time the lake Vide Foyers. F y n e (Loch); an extenfive lake is frequented by innumerable fiioals : or arm of the fea in Argyllfhire. It ex- the rimers exprefs, in very ftrong lantends from the Frith of Clyde, between guage, the quantities of herrings which the ifles of Bute and Arran, in a N. abound here, afferting that the lake wefterly direction, forming the bound- contains one part of w;<(ter, and two ary between the diftri&s of Cowal parts of fifh in a iingle bay of the and Kintyre. It is about 32 miles lake, 500 or 600 boats are often emin length, and the breadth varies from ployed in taking them ; and the groups la to 3 ; but its average breadth is a- of thefe little fiihing veffels, with their bout 4 or 5 miles. Its coafts are ge- circling nets, make a beautiful moving nerally flat and fandy, and are mixed picture. It is conjectured on the belt with granitic pebbles, ornamented grounds, that there are annually caught with many elegant feats; it receives and cured in this arm of the fea, upmany fmall ftreams, and the river Aor- wards of 20,000 barrels, valued at 25 s. eidh or Aray at its northern extremity, per barrel. near the royal burgh of Inveraray, FYVIE; a parifh in Aberdeen (hire ; where is alfo the princely refidence of is about 13 miles in length, and 8 in the Duke of Argyll. There it fpreads breadth, containing about 20,000 aout into a noble bay before the town, cres ; 8000 of which may be under forming an irregular circle of about culture ; the remainder occupied by 12 or 14 miles in circumference, beau- plantations, natural woods, and coarfe tifully indented with a variety of pe- heathy pafture. The fmall river Ythcm ninfuU, and furrounded by mountains. interfects it the whole length, aboundIt is an object not only beautiful in it- ing with trout : the furface is uneven, felf, but it makes a fine contrail with but the hills are of fmall elevation the the mountains around it few of thefe foil is various, but in general kindly, are covered with trees, and many are efpecially in the neighbourhood of the entirely naked but the want of beauty church, and of Fyvie-cajlle, a large and from this circumftance is fully com- elegant feat of the Hon. General Gorpenfated by the grandeur of their ap- don, the chief proprietor. Near the pearance. On the banks of the loch church, on the banks of the Tthan, is the elegant marmon of Ardkinlafs, are the ruins of a priory, faid to have the refidence of Sir Alexander Camp- been founded by Fergus Earl of Buchbell, Bart, furrounded with extenfive an, in 1 1 79 ; it was afterwards dependplantations. Loch Fyne has been, for ent on the abbey of Aberbrothock. time immemorial, noted for its her- Population in 1792, 2194.
about 48oinhabitanLs. a river in Invernefs-ihire.
:
:

G
GAI
a fmall ftream in Aber; deeMihire, which rifes in the borders of the Gariccb diftrict, and discharges itfelf into the Ury, near its junction with the Don. The Gadle was the native ftream of the poet Ar-

GAI
its waters to the Dean near Glammis-caftle, after a meandering courfe of nearly 12 miles. GAIRLOCH ; a parifh in Rofsfhire, fituated on the W.coaft of that county. It extends about 32 miles in length, and is nearly 18 in breadth: the furface refembles the other parts of the. Highlands, abounding with hills, which afford a fcanty pafture for flieep, and

GADIE

and joins

thur John stone, who hascelebrated

beauties in feveral Latin poems. a rivulet in Angusfhire has its rife in the parifh of Kirriemuir,
its

Gairie;

GAL
interfperfed with valleys, which arc' tolerably fertile in favourable feafons. Jn this parifh lies Loch Marl, a large frefh water lake, containing many beautiful ifiands. This lake is formed by the union of two large rivers, which take their rife in the E. end of the pa-

GAL

Gala, and contains about 780 inhabitants. It has been long noted for tbe manufacture of coarfe woollen cloth, known by the name oiGalaJkiets Gray, of which about 50,000 or 60,000 yards The rocks are are annually made. chiefly of fchijtus and whinftone ; and rifh, and are in Gaelic denominated the red ochrey earth, and the chalyKenlochew, or " the head of the loch beate fprings, ftrongly indicate the The coaft of Gairloch is fa- prefence of iron. Population in 1791, river." mous for the cod and herring fifhery. 914. ; a village in the paThe chief proprietors are, Sir Hector Mackenzie of Gairloch, the Macken- rifh of Dyfart, in Fifefhire, containing zies of Gruinord of Letterew,of Kern- about 430 inhabitants, who are chiefly fary, and of Coull ; all of which, ex- employed in making nails, and other cept the laft, have feats in the parifh. fmall iron work. The diftrict of Population in 1791, about 2200. Gairney; a fmall ftream which Galloway comprehends two counties, rifes amongft the hills in Kinrofsihire, viz. the ihire or ftewartryof Kirkcudbright, and the county of Wigton ; and difcharges itfelf into Loci) Leven. Gala River takes its rife in the E. the particular defcription of which end of the pariih of Heriot, in the will be given under thefe articles. county of Mid-Lothian, and, after re- This diftrict, in the earliefc ages of ceiving a confiderable augmentation which we have written accounts, apof its ftream from the water of Heriot, pears to have been peopled by that nation, which the Roman writers term it runs S. and palling Galafhiels, difembogues itfelf into the Tweed. The the Selgova and Novanta ; the inhawhole courfe is Angularly romantic, bitants of Dumfriesfhire being includand the fcenery on its banks has fired ed under the fame general name. the imagination of many poets, who The Roman province of Valentia, have celebrated its beauties in feveral which extended over the greater part " The braiv lads of Gala of the N. of England, and S. of Scotpaftorals. land, muft neceffarily have included water" is a beautiful Scots fong. GALASHIELS ; a village and pa- this diftrict ; but being farther removriih in the diftrict of Tweedale. The ed from the contefted ground, which parifh is of an irregular triangular fi- lay nearer "the center of the kingdom, gure, on an average about 5^ miles in the inhabitants feem fcareely to have breadth, lying partly in the county of been driven out of their poiTeffions Roxburgh, and partly in that of Sel- and, when the Romans left the ifland, kirk; the Tweed, which divides it into the native lords recovered their gotwo parts, being the boundary of the vernment without difficulty. The intwo fhires. The furface is hilly and vafion of the Anglo Saxons forms a mountainous ; the higheft point, Meg- new aera in their hiftory ; for, upon bill, being elevated about 1480 feet the foundation of the Northumbrian above the level of the fea. The hills monarchy by Ida, Galloway was unitare moftly green, and furnifh excel- ed to that kingdom, and the ancient lent fheep pafture. The foil is various, inhabitants feem to have been driven being partly a deep loam on a till bot- back into the mountains, while their tom, and partly a fhallow loam upon invaders poffefied themfelves of the gravel, with which it is much mixed. fhores. When the Saxon monarchs Confiderable attention is paid to the loft their territories in Scotland, the rearing of fheep, and the improve- rightful owners regained pofieiiion of ment of the wool. Befides the Tweed, the whole country, from the confines the parifh is interfered by the Etterick of Ayrfhire on one fide, to the mounand Gala waters, which are well tains of Clydefdale and the Solway known from the beautiful paftoral Frith on the other. About this time fongs to which they give their name. the Danifh invaders appeared on the The village oiGalaJhieh, part of which coafts, and the Scots, and inhabitants is fituated in the parifh of Melrofe, is of the fouthern diftrict, became mufinely fituated on the banks of the tually interefted to co-operate againir.

GALATON

GALLOWAY.

GAL
the Saxons and the Danes ; and, descended from the fame origin, the latter gradually loft their independent ftate ; but their ancient cuftoms and manners remained unchanged, while thofe of the Scots were improved, and changed by the union with the Picts and Saxons. It is probable, that coloniesfrom the N. of Ireland frequently vihted the diftrict of Galloway, and became incorporated with the natives introducing every where the Celtic manners and the Celtic tongue : the names alfo juflify that idea; for writers of this period ftyle them the Gaehvegenfes, and their country Gaekueg, the country of the Gaels, a term fynonimous with the Celts. This political diftinction, and the diveriity of character, were fufficient to make them appear in the eyes of the old writers a
diftinct race,
las

GAL
by intermarriage with an
heirefs of

the Comyn family. The Earl of Dougretained thefe eftates till 1455, when

they were forfeited to the crown by

rebellion againft

James

II.

That mo-

of thefe eftates to particularly the Max; wells of Nithfdale, and the Stewarts of Garlies to the latter of which the diftrict ftill gives the title of Earl. Galloway was anciently famous for a particular breed of fmall horfes, which are now mixed with the Irifh and Englifh breeds, but retain the fame name. The black cattle are ftill noted for their excellent fpecies, and the Galloway fheep are reckoned to afford the beft flavoured mutton that Scotland yields. A confiderable number of fwine are alfo fed for the Englifh markets. The diftrict has been divided
his adherents
:

narch granted

many

and procured them the appellation of the Wild Scots of Galloway, which they long retained, from their ferocity and impetuous undifciplined mode of fighting, in which they nearly refembled the ancient Irifh, at the time of the conqueft of that kingdom by the Englifh. At what particular period the petty fovereigns of Galloway became feudatories of the crown of Scotland, cannot be afcertained. When they went out to battle againft their common enemies, the Danes, the poft of honour was ufually affigned to the Gahvegians ; and we have accounts of a battle being loft in the reign of David I. by the mifconduct of the Galwegians, who led the van of the army r In the ixth century all Galloway and Carrick was fubjecl to Fergus, at that time the moft powerful fubject in Scotland, who, after having warred unfuccefsfully with his fovereign, Malcolm Canmore, retired in the habit of a monk to the abbey of Holyroodhoufe. His fons enherited his extenfive pofleffions ; and, upon the captivity of William the Lion, in 1 1 60, they threw off the Scottifh yoke, and united themfelves to England their dependents inherited Galloway for fome time, until, by the marriage of Devorgilla (the daughter of Alan, the laft lord) with John Baliol of Yorkmire, the inheiitance went to that family. John Baliol, Ion to DeVorgilla, loft with the fovtreignty of Scotland the lordihip of Galloway; aiid it fell into the family of Douglas
:

into

Upper Galloway, which

in-

cludes the northern parts of Kirkcudbright and Wigton ; Lower Galloway, the fouthern parts of the fame fhires, and the Rinns of Galloway, that peninfula or diftrict of Wigton which lies W. of the ifthmus formed by the approximation of the bays of

Luce and Ryan.

GALLOWAY,(MAOILOuMuLLofJ. The fouthern point of the Rinns is a

locky promontory, extending feveral miles into the fea, and. excavated into feveral caverns, into which the fea enters, producing with a ftrong foutherly wind, and a flowing tide, a noife like thunder, which is heard at a great diftance. As the rocks near the coaft are exceedingly dangerous to fhips, it

has been long propofed to erect a light-houfe on the top of the promontory, which would greatly leffen the

danger.

GALLOWAY (NEW)
burgh

a royal

in the parilh of Kells, in the

ftewartry of Kircudbright ; it is fituated in a delightful vale, which is denominated Glenkens, from the river Ken, which waters it. The houfes are neat and regular, but it poffefles no manufactures ; its only confequence feems to be derived from its poft-office and its centrical fituation, as a market for the different products of the neighbouring pariflies. It was erected into a royal burgh by Charles I. about the year 1633, when fcarcely 20 houfes entitled it to the name of a hamlet. But, in thofe vifits which Charles paiti

xa.

L
tifications,

GAR
preffcdinthat beautiful paftoral. Ther?; are the remains of feveral ancient for-

to Scotland, he generally dealt out fuch honours and bounties to his Scottifh fubjecls, which he had to beftow;

and, in this inftance, Sir John Gordon of Lochinvar obtained a peerage, by the title of Viicount Kenmure, and the creation of this royal burgh on his In this town the inftitution of eftate. a farmer club has been of the greateft importance, in diffeminating agricultural knowledge.

The whole town

is

and of a druidical temple. Population in 1790, 1577. GAMRIE ; a pariih in the county of Banff. It is about 4 miles in breadth, and extends about 9^ miles along the fea coaft, which is very bold, and confirms of an almoft continued front of ftupendous rocks, in many places 200 or 300 feet perpendicular to the
fea : in fome parts there are fmall creeks or bays, which have been converted into good harbours, particularly at the town of Macduff, and the village of Gardenffpn. On the W. the boundary is the river Dovern,on which is a falmon fiihing, the property of the Earl of Fife, which lets at ioool. fterling of annual rent. The furface is uneven, and the foil varies from a fertile loam to a barren benty heath, part., of which is now improved ; and that which appeared incapable of improvement, has been planted with various trees. In the villages on the coaft, the inhabitants are chiefly fifhers ; and a variety of fifh are caught, which, after fupplying the furrounding country, are cured and carried to the Frith of Forth, where they meet a ready market. There are feveral caves and natural curiolities in the rocks, which are vifited by ftrangers. The well of Farlair near Macduff, is a mineral

the property of Mr. Gordon, the reprefentative of the Kenmure family, which was attainted for attachment to Kenmure-caftle, t,he family ,of Stuart. the refidence of that gentleman, is fituated in the immediate neighbourhood, and adds much to the importance of it. In 1793, it contained a-

bout 480 inhabitants.

a village and parifli The parifh is ribout 13 miles in length, and from 4 to 5 in breadth. The furface is di;

GALSTON

in the

county of Ayr.

yerfified

with

hills,

which, though

ele-

vated, many of them are arable to the top. It is bounded on the N. by the
river Irvine,
its

and watered by

feveral of

tributary ftreams. There are two considerable lakes, Gait and Bruntrivood ; from the former of which the Aven river takes its rife. The old caftle of Ceffnock, the property of the Marchioness of Titchfield, and Old Barr-cajlk, are furfounded with woods both natural and planted. There is a valuable coal pit about a quarter of a mile from the village, and an excellent limeftone quarry. In the hill of Gairnfaicb is a vein of rich iron ore, and

fpring, ftrongly impregnated with fome neutral fait, and efteemed ufeful in
gravellifh complaints.
(late

There

is

good

quarry on the eftate of the Earl of Fife, nearly fimilar in colour and
quality to the Eafdale flate,
Fife,

molt of the muir edges abound with that mineral. There are feveral freeftone quarries, the ftone of which is very durable, and eafily wrought. The village of Galfton contains about 580 inhabitants, many of which are filk weavers : there are two well frequented fairs in the year, one in July, and the other in December. The great roads from Edinburgh to Ayr, and from Glafgow to Dumfries, pafs through the village near it are feveral mills, one of which is named Patie's mill, and claims the honour of having given rife to that delightful fons:, '"The La/s of Patie's mill." The banks of the Irvine, indeed, abftracted from the charms of the fair, might have infpired a poet of lefs fenfibility than Ramfay with the fentiments ex:

Lord

and Mr. Garden of Troup, are the latter of which refides at his feat in the parifh. Pp~
the only heritors
;

pulatjon in 1790, about ^000. a fmall town in the parifh of Gamrie, in Banfffhire, the property of Mr. Garden of Troup r It poilelfes a tolerable harbour, from which a number pf ffning boats and fmall veffels are fitted opt, and con* tains about too inhabitants. a parifh in the ; county of Stirling, lying on the S. bank of the river Forth, ex;e^ding in length about 6, and in breadth about The ground rifes gradually 3 miles. from the river, forming a natural divifion into 3 kinds, of foil : ift^or car/r, where the foil is of a ftrong rich clay,

GARDENSTON;

GARGUNNOCK

GAR
er loam, intermixed with fand and fnells, indicating it has been formerlycovered with the waters of the river : 2nd, the dryfields, occupying the middle fpace, which, imtil cultivated, was covered with heath, furze, and broom : and, 3d, the muir, which is covered with heath, and only affording a fcanty pafture for fheep : this laft occupies nearly 3000 acres of the Great improvements higher diftrict. have been made in agriculture in this parifh, chiefly by the exertions of General Campbell, whofe beautiful feat of Boqukan is here fituated. The attention of the traveller is alfo attracted by the policies and plantations of Gargunnock-boufe, the property of Colonel Eidington and of Leckie, the The village residence of Dr. Moir. of Gargunnock is about 6 miles W. of Stirling, on the great road from thence to Dumbarton ; it is clean and neat in appearance, though almoft all the houfes are thatched ; and fituated on the fide of the hill, it commands a beautiful profpect of the windings of the Forth, and the fertile vale through
;

GAR
by the Earl of Galloway, when Lord
Garlies
;

it

is

pleafantly built, in the

;

form of a crefcent, along the head of a bay which bears its name and affords fafe anchorage for veffels, and is
air

In 1792, the village contained 450 inhabitants ;

fince

excellent fifhing flation.

which time

their

number has
\

confiderably increafed.

GARMOUTH,

or

GARMACH

a village in the county of Moray. It is fituated at the mouth of the river Spey, which here forms a good harbour. The houfes are moftly built of clay, but the ftreets are regularly laid out, and, upon the whole, the town has a neat appearance. It is a burgh of barony, of which the Duke of Gordon is fuperior, containing nearly 700 inhabitants. The immenfe quantities of wood, which are annually floated down the Spey from the forefts of Strathfpey and Badenoch, has rendered Garmouth a place of fome confequence. The Engliih merchants, who have rented the forefts, having here eftablifhed their great fales, of courfe a number of veffels have been built at which it glides, adorned on both fides this place from 30 to 500 tons burden, with the feats of the proprietors ; and entirely of homegrown wiod. the range of the Ochil hills fheltering faw mills have been erect d for mait on the N. completes a landfcape of nufacturing the timber, and about 30 the moft interefting kind. In 1794, fliip carpenters are conftantly emBefides thofe built by the the parifh contained 830 inhabitants, ployed. company, feveral veffels have been of which 400 refide in the village. ; a diftrict of Aberdeenbuilt by private perfons. The falmon by Marr here is alfo a means of increafing the mire, bounded on the on the N. by Buchan ; on the E. and trade ; feveral floops being conftantly S. by Aberdeen Proper. On account employed carrying falmon to London of its fertility, it ufed formerly to be during the fifhing feafon. Garnock ; a river in Ayrfhire. It termed the. granary of Aberdeenfhire ; but, fince the introduction of lime as takes its rife in the parifh of Kilbirnie, a manure, the farms on the coaft, from a lofty hill called the Mifty Law % though not naturally fo fertile, have and taking a courfe W. wafhing the been much improved ; while the Ga- towns of Kilwinning and Dairy in its riocb, being an inland diftricl, has not progrefs, pours impetuoufly into the received equal benefit. The furface fea near the town of Irwin. Like all is mountainous, but the valleys are rivers which take their rife in high warm, and well fheltered ; and, from grounds, the Garnock is liable to Hidthe falubrity of the air, it has been den rifings, often occafioning a great long famed as a place of rummer re- deal of mifchief by its inundations. tirement for the valetudinarian. It Garry ; a lake in Perthfhire, of gives name to prefbytery, which holds confiderable extent, which difcharges its feat at the Chapel of Garioch. itfelf by a river of the fame name, and (CHAPEL of) ; a pa- taking a S. wefterly courfe, receives rifh in Aberdeenfhire. Vide Chapel the Britar near Dalnacardoch inn, the Tilt near the caftle of Blair-Athol, of Garioch. a confiderable and the Tummel feveral miles below It the Pafs of Gillicrankie ; and, finally, fea port? village in Wigtonfhire. lofes itfelf in the Taj near Logierait, is of recent erection, being founded

Two

GARIOCH

W.

GARIOCH

'

GARLIESTON;

CAR
7t is one of the moft turbulent and rapid rivers in Perthfhire ; every part of its courfe being over a rocky bed, and in many places producing feveral high waterfalls. Garry is alio the name of a lake

GAT
gr.ind

and magnificent.

There

is

plenty of excellent freeftone, but no other mineral of value has yet been diicovered. Population in 1793, 730. Garvie ; a confiderable river in Rofsfhire. It has its fource in the and river in Invernefsfhire, which dis- neighbourhood of Loch Broom, on the charges its waters into Loch Oich, and W. coaft of the county ; and, travellgives name to the diftridt of Glengarry, ing it in a S. E. direction, falls into the foftened in pronunciation into Glen- river Connon, feveral miles before it falls into the Cromarty Frith. gary. ; a parifh in the couna parifh in Banfffnire, ; of an irregular oval form, extending ty of Kincardine, of an irregular figure * about 12 miles in length, and 6 in about 8 miles in length, and 4 in breadth at the middle. It lies in the breadth, containing about 8000 acres, diftricT: termed Strathbogie, having the of which not more than 2600 are araThe uncultivated ground lies river Bogie running through it in a ble. Terpentine courfe. The hills, which high, and is in general covered with There is an lie on the border of the parifh, are heath, whins, 6r broom. moftly covered with heath, and afford annual fair held in the month of Auplenty of mofs to the neighbouring guft, near the church, called St. pariflies, and the town of Huntly James's fair, which is one of the befc from thefe hills feveral brooks run into attended in the county. Population the Bogie; and the valleys-, watered by in 1791, 460. thefe ftreams, are exceedingly fertile, GASK ; a parifh in the county of and tolerably cultivated. There is an Perth. It is nearly fquare, compreancient ruin, called the Place ofGartly, hending a fuperficies of about 4J miles* Roman caufeway runs directly the property of the Duke of Gordon, who is indeed fole proprietor of the through the middle of the parifh, parifh. There is an excellent flate pointing weftward to Ardoch, in the quarry of a bluifh colour, much e- parifh of Muthil, where are the diftiniffc fteemed, and a limeftone quarry of veftiges of an encampment, and eaft* rather inferior quality. In 1793, the ward to the part where the Romans number of inhabitants was about 1 800. are faid to have eroded the Tay into and BARO; an united Strathmore. As this occupies the parifh in Haddingtonfhire. It is of higheft ground of the parifh, the furan irregular figure, extending from E. face flopes gently down on both fides to VV. about 9 miles, and about 5 the N. tide being covered with a fine from N. to S. It takes in a confider- plantation, and the other laid out in able extent of the Lammermuir hills fertile cultivated fields, down to the the foil of which is thin and gravellyj banks of the Erne, which bounds it covered with heath, and abounding on the S. Population in 1790, 486. withfwamps and marfb.es; the grounds of FLEET; a vilwhich lie to the N. are of a deep rich lage in the parifh of Girthon, in the clay foil, capable of railing any kind ftewartry of Kirkcudbright. It is of crop. The village of Garvald is quite of modern erection, the firlt finely fituated on the fmall river Hopes, houfe being built about 40 years ago, and contains upwards of 200 inhabit- to ferve as an inn for the accommodaants. Nuitratv, the property of the tion of travellers from Dumfries to Marquis of Tweedale, was formerly a Portpatrick. The tituation is one of nunnery, belonging to the priory of thofe feemingly intended by nature as Haddington, and exhibits marks of a feat of a town ; in a beautiful and great antiquity Hopes, the feat of fertile vale ; by the fide of a fine river, Mr. Hay, is a beautiful houfe, fur- fo near the Solway Frith as to be rounded with extenfive plantations eafily rendered navigable to merchant great part of the policies of Tefter- veffels ; in a neighbourhood where houfe, the relidence of the Marquis of every article of provifioa could he had Tweedale, is within the bounds of this at a cheap rate. With thefe advanparifh. The ruins of White-cajik, and tages, it is no wonder that Mr. Murf the caftie of fejier, are exceedingly rav, the proprietor, mould have pre-

GARTLY

GARVOCK

GARVALD

GATEHOUSE

G
moted

I Lr

ait

the erection of a village. Ac- ous to flrangers: between thefe points cordingly, he built his elegant manfion are feveral bays or creeks, where final! of Cally, and invited inhabitants to veiFels can be fafely moored. One of fettle and form a village, about a mile the bays, called Airdmeanifh, near the diftant, by offering very advantageous church, has good anchorage in 6 or 7 terms of feu. It. is built on a regular fathom water. The fmall ifland of plan, confifting of 3 ftreets, running Car a lies at 1^ miles diftance on the parallel to the river Fleet ; over which S. and in the middle of the found, bethere is a handfome bridge, commu- twixt them, is the final! uninhabited nicating with a fuburb on the weftern ifland of Gigultcm, near which is good fide of the river. In a fhort time the anchoring ground for the largeft vefvillage rofe to confiderable fize, is fels. The general appearance of Giits gha is low and fiat, except towards and more pleafant in its the W. fide, -where the ground rifes fituation, than any other town in into mountains of confiderable elevaGalloway. Soon it became a place tion except in this quarter, the whole of confiderable trade, having a tan- ifland is arable, and the foil is a light nery, feveral cotton works, and 8 or loam, with a mixture in fome places 30 velTels belonging to the port. In of fand, mofs, or clay. There are fe1795, it was erected into a burgh of veral caves in the rocks, which are barony, under the fupericrity of Mr. very great curiofities. There are feMurray, with power to hold a weekly veral cairns, particularly the Carn-namarket, and feveral fairs. It has a faire, and the Cam Ban, which are public library, eitaMifhed on a liberal faid to point out the fcenes of the explan, to which mofl of the inhabitants ploits of Fingal's heroes, in their conare contributors. In 1795, it contain- tefts with the fons of the King of ed nearly 1200 inhabitants. Lochlin. There are no trees at preGauir ; a river in Perthfhire, which fect on the ifland, but many large ifl'ues from Loch Rannoch, and, unit- roots of oak are found in the moffes, ing with the Erricht, acquires the name indicative of the former exiftence of of the Tummel, which afterwards falls woods. The ifland is well fupplied into the Tay at Logierait. with fprings, which afford water fuffiGeorge (Fort) ; a Itrong and re- cient to turn two corn mills. The gular fortrefs, in the parifli of Arder- fand banks abound with excellent fdh. fier in Intrernefs, fituated on a penin- Much fea weed is thrown afhore, fula running into the Moray Frith, which is employed as a manure, and and completely commanding the en- partly burned into kelp. The protrance of the harbour of Invernefs, perty of the ifland belongs to Mr. which is 10 miles diftant. It has a M'Neill of Gigha, Mr. M'Neill of governor, lieutenant-governor, and o- Gallafhoillie, and Mr. Stevenfon of ther inferier officers ; and, befides two Airdglamie ; but the whole is a bainvalid companies," it is generally gar- rony, held in feu from the Duke of lifoned with either one or two march- Argyll. Gigha and Cara form one ing regiments. It has been lately oc- parochial diitrid, of which the Buke cupied as a Mate prifon ; feveral of of Argyll, and Mr. M'Niell of Gigha,

flow more uniformly handfome in

buildings,

the leaders of the Late Iriih rebellion being there in confinement. one of the Hebrides, an; nexed to ArgyUfhire, and to that diftrict of it named Kintyre, from which it is feparated by a channel 3% miles broad. It is of a pretty regular oblong figure, being 7 miles in length, and i\ in breadth. The coaft on the fide is rocky and bold, except at each end, where the rocks gradually extend about half a mile out to fea : on the E. fide there are feveral points jutting out, and a few funk rocks, which renders the navigation danger-

are vice patrons. The number of inhabitants are about 600 ; and the va-

GIGHA

lued rent of the ifland

fterling.

is

1271. 5 s. id.

W.

GlLLICRA.NKIF,OrKlLLlCRANKIE^ Athol. Vide Killicrankie. Gilt (Loch) a final! arm of the fea in Argyllshire, running off from Loch Fyne in a N. W. direction. It is
a noted pafs in the Highlands of
;

only remarkable as being the point, from which the long projected Crhian Canal is intended to go off, to join the Atlantic ocean at the bay of

'-

van.

G IR
?.i

GL

paflure : the low grounds are abundantly fertile, and well cultivated. The N. to S. about ao miles in length, coaft is generally flat and fandy, interand from 3 to 5 in breadth. The fur- fperfed with large whinftones, with face and foil are remarkably varied : which mod of the houfes are built. the northern half, and all along the There is a confiderable bed of gyp/urn, eaftern boundary being bleak, hilly, or plafter of Paris, and feveral beds of covered with heath, and .interfperfed rock marl. There are feveral remains with feveral lakes, which empty their Oi encampments on the hills, but none waters into the river Fleet : of thefe of them are of fuch importance as to Loch Fleet, from whence the river takes deferve particular notice. Population its rife, Loch Scero, Loch Grutmock, and in 1793, 1725. Girvan ; a river in Ayrfhire, takes Loeb Wbyanyan, are the chief. The the its rife in the parifh of Muirkirk, near river Fleet bounds the parifh poifeffing a falmon h!hing of fmall the fource of the Doon. It runs S. value : on its banks is lately eftabiilh- through the diftrict of Carrick, and ed the thriving village of Gatehouse, pours its watersinto the Atlantic ocean containing 1150 inhabitants. Near at the town which bears its name. this village is Cally, the beautiful re- The vale through which it paffes is afidence _of James Murray, Efq. of dorned with much beautiful fcenery, Broughton, furro.unded with beautiful and with many elegant feats, anfwergardens and exteniive plantations. The ing exactly to Buchannan's defcripparifh, including the village of Gate- tion, when he fays H, multis tnllis amaThe landholders on its boufe, contained in 1793, 1790 inhabit- nij cingitur."
a parifh in the ftew; ty of Kirkcudbright. It extends from

GIRTHON

W.

W.

banks, have long applied with wonderful affiduity to adorn and enrich and parifh in Ayrfhire. The town is their lands with all the modern imSituated at the mouth of the river Gir- provements of hufbandry ; and none van, and appears to have been a place more fuccefsfully than Sir Adam Ferof confiderable antiquity. It is a poft gufon of Kilkerran, and Mr. Hamiltown, on the great road from Ayr to ton of Bargenny. The fcenery of the Portpatrick. It poflefies many advan- fine old Scottifh fong, entitled " The tages for trade and manufacture, hav- Earl of Cafftllh'' Lady" is laid on its ing abundance of excellent coal and banks and its beauties have been fui*limeftone in the neighbourhood ; and ther celebrated by the poet Kennedy? the harbour, at the mouth of the river, whofe poems, particularly his " Flyting being in its prefent Rate commodious, zyi' Dunbar," are preferved in Bannaand ltill capable of much improvement. tyne's collection. At the mouth of the It is very .neatly built, and chiefly inha- Girvan is a valuable falmon fifhing, bited by weavers of cotton and woollen and its seftuary forms a tolerable harcloths. The town is a burgh of ba- bour. rony the charter of which was oria. parifh in the ginally granted to Thomas Boyd, Efq. county of Haddington, lying on the of Balloghtoul, on whole eftate it was S. bank of the Frith of Forth and built ; the charter was afterwards re- bounded on the S. by the fmall river newed by King William in 1696; but, Tyne i containing in all about 6000 atill the year 1785, the privileges of e- cres, of which one half may be under lectingmagiftrates was never exercifed. tillage; the ground rifes in the'middle It is now governed by z bailies, and to a ridge, which is a heathy barren 10 counfellors, annually elected and muir but gradually on each fide tothe town enjoys all the privileges per- wards the river and the Frith, it imtaining to other burghs of the fame proves in fertility. The whole parifh kind. It contains about 1000 inhabit- abounds with coal, and feveral pits ants. The parifh of Girt an extends are wrought. This parifh gave birth about 9 miles in length along the Car- to George Heriot, who founded the rick coaft of the Atlantic ocean, and hofpital in Edinburgh, which bears the breadth varies from a to 6. To- his name ; and what is more to ths wards the S. the furface is hilly, but honour of the paiiih, it was the firft the eminences are chiefly covered with fettlement of the late Principal Robertihort grafs, affording excellent flieep fon, who here compofed his invaluable a 2
ants.

GIRVAN;

a confiderable village

GLADSMUIR;

GL A
"
.

G L
Population
in

Hijtory of Scotland."

1791, 1380.
; a fmall town and pacounty of Forfar. The parifti is about 12 miles in length, and its greateft breadth is about 5 miles, but in fome places it is contracted to It occupies the middle of the fer1. tile valley of Strathmore, and part of the ridge of Sidlaw hills, which are rocky, though of inconfiderable height. The foil of the lower parts is in general good, well cultivated, and produces plentiful crops. Improvements in agriculture have been carried on with ardour, and the difcovery of marl in the neighbourhood has infured fuccefs. The loch of Forfar borders with the parifh, from which runs the river Dean through the whole extent, till it falls

GLAMMISS

rifh in the

bifhdpric here in the year 560, which was afterwards erected into an archiepifcopal fee in 1484. The principal part of the city occupies a plain, on the N. fide of the river, and confifts

of many ftreets, laid out in a regular and elegant plan ; the houfes of which have alio a neat and regular appearance. It poffeffes many magnificent public buildings, of which the Cathedral or High Church is the chief. It is a large edifice, fituated on the

high ground northward of the city, and is faid to be the only. Gothic church remaining entire in North Bri; it was begun by John Achaius Bifhop of Glalgow, in 1123, and was continued by fucceffive bifhops, until

tain

into the
lies

I/la.

The town

of Glammifs

finifhed in the manner in which ftands at prefent. Great as was the wealth of the fee of Glafgow, we find
it

was

it

about 3 miles W. of Forfar, and it infufficient for rearing and comcontains about 500 inhabitants; and pleting fo large a building they had the adjoining fuburb, called the New- therefore recourfe to all the churches town of Glammifs contains about 150. of Scotland for affiftance, and indulThe principal manufacture is of yarn gences were liberally granted to thofe and linen cloth, which, indeed, forms whoaffiftedtherearingof that building. the ftaple manufacture of the whole It had been intended to be built in the county. Near the town is the caftle of form' of a crofs, though the tranfverie Glammifs, the featof the Earlof Strath- part has never been built; it is 284 feet more ; it is of very ancient date, and long, 65 broad, and 90 feet high withwas at firft a royal refidence ; in in walls, with 2 large towers, on one 1372, it was granted by Robert II. of which a fpire was built about the to the Comes de Lyon, his fpecial fa- year 1420, making the whole 220 feet vourite; who, not long after, received in height. The bold and lofty arches Robert's daughter in marriage. It is in the body of the church, formed by now a large edifice, fituated on the the concurrent ramifications of the bank of the Dean, commanding an oppofite columns and the maffive pilextenfive profpect of the beautiful vale lars, would exhibit a grand perfpective from which its owner takes his title. of the melancholy caft, were not the There are feveral rude obelilks and effect almoft deftroyed by the 2 parcairns, which are faid to point out the titions which divide this church into 3 place of the murder of King Malcolm places of worihip. Befides this church,
:

there are 7 or 8 others, which are neat buildings, but are not of iufficient confequence to deferve notice. The College .is an extenfive and venerable building, fituated on the E. fide of the High-ftreet ; vide Glasgow (University of.) The Town-houfc is a magnificent and truly elegant buildl.-irge and populous ing: the front is adorned with a range Nether Ward of of Ionic pilaiters,' elevated on ftrong city. fi1 iat< Lanarkfhire, on tne banks of the river rufticated pillars with arches, forming Clyde, in 55 51' 32' N. latitude, and a piazza below, and the top of the 15' W. longitude from London. building is ornamented with a baluf4 trade and vafes; it contains a large 11 is one of the molt ancient towns in its origin being generally affembly-room and town-hall, with Scotland attributed to St: Mungo or St. Kenti- other chambers for the town's records, Oppofite to the front of this eern, wno is faid to have founded a Sec.
Befides excellent freeftone, there II. are feveral fine gray flate quarries; and a lead mine was about 50 years ago attempted, but the vein was too inconiiderabi'r to pay the expence of working. Glammifs gives a fecond title of Baron to the family of Strathmore. Population in 1790, about 2040.
-

GLA
building is the Exchange, a fquare building, with an equeftrian ftatue of King William III. in the center. On the E. fide of the Town-houfe is the Tolbooth, with a neat tower, furmounted by a fpire. In the ftreet called Bridge-gate, is the Guild-hall or Mer-

GL A
gow, nop
Port-Glafgow, r Greenock, to deliver their cargoes.
at

New

which is with an elegant fpire 200

chants''-hoafe,

alfo

adorned

feet in height.

The Tontine Coffee-room is one of the moft elegant and complete in Britain the principal room is between 70 and 80 feet in length, with correfpondent dimenfions of heighth and breadth,
lighted by feveral large windows: the adjoining tavern is not inferior in elegance, being built by fubfcription, on the fyftem of furvivbrfhip. The Theatre, Guard-hoife, and Markets, are alfo deferving of notice. Of charitable inftitutions there are many in Glafgow, of which the chief are the Town's Hofpital, or Poor's-hoi/fe, with the annual income of about 2400I. per ami. for the maintenance and fupport of the aged poor and children ; Hutchefon's Hofpital, for the fupport and education of 48 poor boys ; Merchants' Hofpital, with a revenue of above ioool. per annum, for the relief of decayed

members,
ents
;

their

widows, and depend-

the Trades' Hofpital for the fame purpofe, with rather fmaller funds : a large Infirmary has alio been opened, on nearly the fame footing as the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Befides thefe, there are numerous mortifications for Charity Schools ; theincorporationshave alio eftabliihed funds for the fupport of their decayed members and widows ; and, in like manner, the Faculty of Phyficians and Surgeons, eftabliihed by charter in 1599, and the Faculty of Procurators, have each considerable funds for the fame purpofes. Independent of thefe inftitutions, there are a great number of Friendly Societies, for fupporting their members in diftrefs. On each fide of the town, the barony of Glafgow, containing the villages of Caltonvn, Graham' stown, Park-houfe, Camlachie, &'c. increafe the extent of the city ; and on the other fide of the Clyde, the village of Gorbals extends towards the S. communicating with the city by two handfome bridges. The Clyde is navigable for veffels of 7 or 8 feet water as far as the bridge ; but the large veffels belonging to the merchants of Glaf-

Before the eftablifhment of the bifhopric, Glafgow feems fcarcely to have been ranked as a town ; but the concourfe of people naturally gathered round, and connected with that eftablifhment, foon rendered it a place of fome importance ; houfes began to be erected in the neighbourhood of the cathedral, and thefe were gradually extended to the river, as the inhabitants turned their attention to commerce. About the year 11 72, Glafgow was erected into a burgh by William (firnamedtheLion,) King of Scotland, in favour of St. Kentigern, and Jocelin Bifhop of Glafgow ; which deed and charter was confirmed and extended by fubfequent monarchs. In 1450, James II. erected the city and. barony of Glafgow into a regality, in favour of the Bifhop, who, in order to fecure the greater obedience of his tenants, vaffals, and other inhabitants, appointed powerful nobles to be their bailies of regality. This office was long held by the Dukes of Lennox, who, in 1621, acquired from the Bifhop the abfolute grant of the office In a ihort time, the Duke of Lennox refigned it to the crown, who, after the revolution, appointed bailie6 of the regality. In 1 611, James II. granted the city a very ample charter, by which it was erected into a royal burgh, to be holden under his majefty in free burgage. In 1636, Charles I. granted further privileges to it, confirming its power of electing a bailie on the river Clyde, who, within his diftrict, was empowered to exercife a maritime, civil, and criminal jurifdiction. This charter was ratified by parliament in 1661 ; and, after the revolution, confirmed with additional priviBy this laft leges, by an act in 1690. act the council have the power of nominating and choofing their own magiftrates, and other officers of the burgh, as fully and freely as the city of Edinburgh, or any other royal burgh. The government is vefted in a provoft and 3 bailies, a dean of guild, deacon-convener, and a treafurer, affifted with a common council of 13 merchants, and 12 trades, or mechanics. The provoft is, from courtefyand cuftom, ftyled Lord Provoft ; he is the lord of the police of the city,

GL A
officio,

GLA
ton was the harbour for their fhipping and, afterwards, at Greenock and New Port-Glafgow, the ftorehoufes for their goods were built. Until the year 1750, the American trade gradually advanced, when a new fyftem of commeixebegantobe adopted: crowds of young men, from every quarter of Scotland, failed for America ; and, inftead of their former method of barter, moft of the merchants of Glafgow had warehoufes in the new world, managed by a brother, a fon, or a partner. This plan confiderably increafed the extent of their dealings and, before the unfortunate war broke out, which terminated in a feparation of the colonies from their mother country, the trade of Glafgow had attained its greateft height. Some idea may be conceived of its extent from this fact, that out of 90,000 hogfheads of tobacco imported into Britain, Glafgow alone engroffed 49,000. The American war was a dreadful ftroke to Glafgow. Long credits had been ufually given to America, and, when the war broke out, many of the debts were unpaid ; and, as the fortunes of almoft all the merchants were embarked in the trade, it proved the ruin of many, who had before reckoned themfelves poffeffed of independent fortunes. But, though the commerce of the city was thus inteiTupted, the fpirit which had been raifed was not extinguifhed ; the merchants began to look for new fources, and extended their commerce to the Weft Indies, and the continent of Europe ; and, though their {hipping, at the time of their greateft extent of A-* merican trade, was more than it is at prefent, being upwards of 60,000 tons, yet it appears to be confiderably on the increafe, as the fhips belonging to Clyde in 1783, were only 386, and their tonnage 22,896 ; whereas, in 1790, their number was 476, and their tonnage 46,581 ; and they have fo much increafed of late, that the veffels employed in the trade of Clyde in 1797, outnumbered thofe of the preceding year by 252. The lofs, however, of the foreign trade, was fully compenfated by the great increafe of the manufactures, which had been carried on to a confiderable ' extent long before. The linen trade began in 1725, and was for a long time the ftaple manufacture of Glafgow \ but,
; ;

prcfident of the community, and, ex one of the juftices of the peace. The bailies have the fame office as alderman, and hold a court weekly, for

deciding, in a fummary manner, all caufes under il. fterling. The revenue of the city, in the management of the town council, is about 7000I. per annum, and arifes from certain duties on imports and exports, from rents of lands, &c. &c. With thefe funds the expencesof paving, lighting, and cleaning the ftreets, are defrayed, and all the neceffary expences of the civil government. The police of the city is very ftrict ; and a Bridewell was, in 1789, eftablifhed for the confinement and punifhment of petty offenders. The firft branch of trade in which the citizens of Glafgow engaged, feems to have been the curing and exportation of the falmon caught in the river Clyde, fo early as the year 1420; but, the firft authentic document reflecting the trarle of the city, is in 1546, when it appears that they had veffels at fea, which made captures of the fhipping of the Englifh. About the year 1680, we find that the merchants of Glafgow continued to export confiderable quantities of cured falmon and herrings to

France, and brought back brandy, wine, and fait in return,, The Union with England, in 1707, opened new views, and awakened the energies of trade amongft the inhabitants of Glafgow. Before this period, the ports of America were only open to the fhips of our fouthern neighbours ; and the only ports with which Glafgow could carry on commercial Iranfactions, lay to the eaftward, and the neceffary and dangerous circumnavigation of the ifland proved a very confiderable bar to the extenfion of their commerce. At the Union, they had the liberty of a free trade to America and the Weft Indies ; and taking advantage of this favourable circumftance, they began to profecute a trade with Virginia and Maryland, fending out goods for the ufe of the colonies, and returning with cargoes of tobacco. At the beginning of this trade they had no veffels of their own, but chartered veffels from Whitehaven, Briftol, Liverpool, and pther Englifh ports. The firft veffel, belonging to Glafgow, that crofTed the Atlantic, failed from the Clyde Vi the year 171 8. At this time alfo Dumbar-

GL A
that has yielded to the cotton, f the value of which, by a calculation in 1791, amounted to upwards of
late,

GL A
rable cathedral, and the numerous fpires ; pi efent to the eye many ftriking

The manu1,500, oooh per annum. factures of pottery and delft ware, of glafs, of ropes and cordage, and the tanning of leather, are carried on to great extent ; and the art of type-

views, and fill the mind with the plea fing ideas of induftry, wealth, fecurity, and happinels. The foil is in general fertile ; partly a rich clay, and partly a light fand ; but by far the greater part is covered with the extenfive and

founding has been long practifed, and populous villages, which form a part brought to greater perfection than in rather than the fuburbs of the city. any other part of the world. The in- The manufactures of thefe villages are creafe of the commerce and manufac- fo intimately connected with thofe of tures of the city gave rife, in the year the city, that they have already been But 1783, to a fociety, known by the name treated of under that fection. of The Chamber of Commerce and Ma- there is alfo carried on an extenfive nufaclures ; the intention of which manufacture cf cudbear* a dye fluff was, to unite the influence of the mer- prepared from the corcur, or liechen chants and manufacturers, and thus ompkaloidcs, a fpecies of rock mofs, to render them more ufeful to the which is found in the Highlands of Scotland, Sweden, andLapland. There: communities to which they belonged and, by eftabliihing a public fund, to are alfo feveral printfields and extengive
ftrength

and

efficacy

to

thofe

five

bleachfields within
villages

meafures which might tend to the Many gentlemen in public good. Glafgow, and the neighbouring towns, forefeeing the benefit likely to accrue from the fcheme, fubfcribed to it, and obtained a royal charter, incorporating

The

the diftrict. within the barony are

them

into a

body

politic,

managed by

30 directors; and they have fince been of effential fervice, in the protection of the trade. Glafgow has feveral banking companies; two cf which iffue their own notes. The parifii of the Barony of Glafgow and the city, were formerly comprehended under one parochial diftrict. ; but the population having fo much increafed, it was found more convenient to have

them

disjoined ; and the landward part of the parifh, as diftinguiihed from the town, was denominated the

Barony. This parifh is both large and populous; extending from a to 5 or 6 miles around the city, except on the S. fide, where the Clyde forms the boundary. There are no confiderable eminences, but the furface rifes into many beautiful fvvells, which greatly diverfify the appearance, and add much to the beauty of the country. On the banks of the Clyde the landfcape is rich, various, and delightful the river winding through highly cultivated fields, and is frequently loft amongft the trees its banks interfperfed
;

with many gentlemen s houfes; the large and populous city of Glafgow, fcarcely

diftinguiihed

villages

from the numerous which furround it ; the vene-

named the Calton and Bridgeto7i, Grabamjlon, Anderjlon, Fhmiefton, Clayjlap* Nortb-zuoodjide, Coivcaddins, Park-houfe, Camlacbie, Parkbead, Wejhnuh; Sbettlefton, Ligbtburn, Sec. which contain in all nearly 19,000 inhabitants. The fide cut from the great canal and the Monkland cnnal, interfect the parifii, and are of the greateft confequence in promoting the manufactures. There is great plenty of freeftone, of different qualities, and ofivbin, in the neighbourhood ; but no marble, limeftone, fiate, or granite, are found within feMany of the mountains veral miles. exhibit marks of volcanic origin, and bafaltic columns' are diftinctly to be feen near the village of Calton.. Coal is found in great abundance ; and, it is calculated, that the annual value of what is raifed, is upwards of 30,0001. fterling. In fprne of the pits there is a vein of ironftone, of very good quality, of a whitiih colour, which is ufed in the fmelting furnaces in the neighbourhood. There are alfo in the till found in thefe pits, impreflions of fern and other' plants, and ihells of different kinds, and there are many foffi! marine bodies ; particularly, different fpecies of fhells and entrocbi. The 'water with which the city and fuburbs are fupplied is not in general of the beft quality, containing fmall quantities of felenite in folution ; there are many chalybeate fprings, and fome of which contain calcareous earth, giving-

GLA
At Andera petrifying quality. Jlon, a fpring contains a fmall quantity
them

GLA
1

taught theology, and 3 regents or profeffors of philofophy. The reformoifoda, or mineral alkali. On the S. ation in religion, eftablifhed by act of fide of the Clyde, lies the village of parliament in 1560, brought the uniGorbals of Glasgow, which was verlity alm'oft to annihilation ; its disjoined from the parifh of Govern, members, who were eccleiiaftics, difand erected into a feparate parifh in perfed themfelves to avoid the popuIt is a barony, of which the lar fury ; and the chancellor, James 1 791. magiftrates of the city are fuperior; Beaton, carried with him all the charand the inhabitants are generally oc- ters, &c. to France, and depofited cupied in the fame manufactures" as them in the Scots college of Paris, tothe inhabitants of the other fide of the be reftored when popery was re-eftaClyde. It poffefles ieveral coalleries, bliihed. The univerfity continued in one of which employs. 200 perfons. that reduced ftate for fome time, unThe foil is partly a deep rich loam, til James VI. granted it a new charpartly clay, and a great part is of fand, ter of erection, and beftowed on it many fathoms deep. It contained in fome valuable property ; fince which 1793, about 5800 inhabitants ; and the period, its reputation has been connew ftreets, which have begun to be ftantly increafmg. The prefent ftate feued, are advancing with great rapid- of the univerfity is a chancellor, geity, and, when finiflied, are calculated nerally a nobleman of high rank, a to contain upwards of 50,000 inhabit- rector, dean of faculty, a principal, ants. The population, therefore, in and 16 profeffors, of which one is for 1793, of this extenlive commercial law, 4 for theology, j for the ftudy of* eity, with thofe of its fuburbs, which medicine, and thofe fubjects connected are fcarcely to be diftinguifhed from with it, and the remainder for the faculty of arts. The degrees of mafter it, may be ftated thus of arts, and doctors of divinity and meWithin the royalty of the city, 415777 dicine, are conferred as in other univerfities, after the ufual private and In the villages of the barony parifh, 18,451 public trials. The univerfity library, to which all the foudents have accefs, In the village and barony of 5,800 is a large and valuable collection of Gorbals, books ; it has lately been greatly enTotal, 66,028 riched in the mathematical departGlasgow (Univep.sityof.) This ment, by the library of the late celecelebrated feminary of education was brated Dr. Robert Simpfon, author of founded in 1450, by William Turn- the tranflation of Euclid ; and will bull Biihop of Glafgow; and, the fame fbon receive aa important addition, year, at the requeft of James II. Pope by a collection of rare books and MSS. Nicholas V. granted a bull, conftitut- in every department of fcience, but ing it a " Jtudium generate, tarn in particularly in medicine, bequeathed tbeologia, etin jure canonum ct civiti, by the late Dr. William Hunter ; who quam in arhbus et in quacunque licita has alfo left his extenfive mufeum to jaculiate" to continue in all times the univerfity of Glafgow. Befides coming in the city of Glafgow ; and, the anatomical preparations, the muby his apoftolical authority, ordained feum contains the collection of ihells, that its doctors, matters, readers, and corals, infects, and foifils, made by the ftudents, ihould enjoy all the privi- late Dr. Fothergill, and a cabinet of leges, &c. granted to the Jtudium ge- medals and coins, ancient and modern, nerate, eftablifhed in the city of Bono- the moft complete of the kind in Euilia ; and that the Biihop and his fucrope. This laft article alone, coft Dr. celfors in the fee, fhould, ex officio, be Hunter upwards of 25,0001. The Obchancellors of the faid univerlity. The fervatory is well fitted up, and fupfounder endowed it with an ample plied with the moft improved inftrurevenue, and King James II. granted ments, for the life of the profeffor of The college it many immunities and privileges. practical aftronomy. At its eftabliihment, the inftitution buildings, though not fplendid, are The princiconfifted of the chancellpr, rector, neat and commodious. dean of faculty, a principal who pal and all the piofeilors poflefs cou:

-------

------

GLA

GLA
GLASSARY

Veuient houfes contiguous to the pub- name, which, uniting near Erklefslic buildings, and the whole is fur- caftle, with the ftreams of Farrar aivi rounded with a garden of to acres, Cannlcb, forms the Beauly. a parifh in Argyll; appropriated to the ufe of the members of the univerfity. The average shire. It extends 22 miles in length, number of fcudents, of all denomina- and is for the moft part 12 in breadth ; tions, attending the different clafles, is Its form is nearly rectangular, riling gently from both fides to the middle, conliderably above 6od. Glasgow (Anderson's Acade- which is occupied by a confiderable mical Institution), fimilai with extent of muir land, covered with On the banks of the river Ad the univerfity, deferves alio to be no- heath. This inftitution was founded the foil is a deep rich loam, and on ticed. in 1796, by the late Mr. Anderfon, the fhores of Loch Fyne, which bounds profeffor of natural philofophy in the it on the E. it is generally a black Mr. univerfity of Glafgow, who left to the loam, lying on limeftone rock. truftees, appointed to conduct it, his Campbell of Knockbuy has his elegant valuable apparatus, his library, and refidence in the parifh. There are the mufeum, as well as his property of remains of 3 watch towers on the tops every kind. From his funds, affifted of the higheft hills, and feveral cairns with liberal fubferiptions from other and upright ftones, which ferve to note public fpirited perfons, a handfome the place of interment of the fallen and commodious building, containing heroes of former ages. The intended an elegant leclure room, and other canal from Loch Gilp to Loch Crinari, apartments for the inftruments and would, if carried into execution, inmufeum, -has been erected. The in- terfecl the fouthern boundary of this Population in 1793, 2568. tention of this inftitution was to afford parifh. a parifh in the a regular courfe of instruction to thole perfons who do not intend to enter county of Wigton, fituated oh the any of the univerfities, and to admit eaftern coaft of the bay of Luce. It the ladies to the fame benefits of extends about -,\ miles in length, and knowledge, which other feminaries its breadth varies from 1 to a| ; its do not allow : accordingly, courles of natural afpect is rugged, unequal, and popular lectures are given, on natural hilly ; and, towards the N. rocky, and experimental philofophy, or ma- and only covered with heath : the thematics, or chemiftry, botany, and lower tracts are loam, gravel, clay, or mofs ; generally of a wet and marfby natural hiftory. PORT), com- nature. The fea coaft is bold, and the

GLASSERTON;

GLASGOW (NEW
town
in

monlycalled
fiderable

Port-Glasgow; aconRenfrewihire.

Vide

Port-Glasgow.
a parifh fituated on both ; of the Deveron, partly in the county of Aberdeen, and partly in that of Banff. Its extent from N. E. to S. W. is about 5 miles, and from N. W. to S. E. fomewhat more than 4. The furface is varied, with a number of green hills, which afford pafture for black cattle and fheep ; of each of which, numbers are reared in the parifh. The fori is in general a deep loam, tolerably early on the river fide; but, in thofe parts which lie at a diftance, the harveft is very precarious, efpecially in cold and wet feafons. Population in 1791, .970. Glass (Loch) ; a lake in the parifh of Kiltearn, in Rofsfhire, about 5 miles in length, and 1 in breadth. It difgharges itfelf by a river of the fame
fides

GLASS

rocks afford abundance of fea ware for manure, or burning into kelp. In the rural economy of the farmers, the firft object is the breeding and feeding of black cattle, which are commonly of the old Galloway breed, with an intermixture of the Irifh and Engliih. Sheep are alfo reared, and twine are fed in confiderable numbers for the Englifli markets. Granite and fchiftus compote, for the moft part, the ftrata of the rocks, with final! interpofed ftrata of limeftone and rock marl. Phyfgill, the feat of R. Hawthorn Stewart, Eiq. is a fpacious and elegant manfion ; Cajlk-Stezvart, the feat of Stewart, Efq. is alfo much admired and the manfion-houfe of Glafsertou was repaired and modernized in the moft elegant manner, when poffeffed by the late Admiral Keith Stewart of Glafferton. Population in 1794, about 9CQ.
;

GLE

GLE

GLASSFORD; a parjfh in the to Stonehaven, chiefly inhabited hj county of Lanark. It is about 8 miles weavers, and other trade } people. The' in length, and its average breadth may fmall Kirktoxvn, or village of Glenber* be eftimated at about a. The furfae'e vie, has lately been created a barony and, in general, the foil is in the family of Douglas. In 1793, is level productive of good crops, being partly the parifh contained 1307 inhabitants. GLENBUCKET ; a parim in the a rich ftrong clay, and partly a light county of Aberdeen ; is about 4 miles loam, much encumbered with ftones the eaftern part of the parifh is well long, and r broad, lying on the banks enclofed with hedgerows and ditches, of a fmall tributary ftream of the Don, but, in the weftern diftrict, where the called the Bucket. The foil is moftly foil is light and mofiy, no trees will a light loam ; on fome farms mixed thrive, and the hedges foon become with clay. The whole parim belongs difeafed, and covered with a thick to the Earl of Fife. The remains of coat of mofs. There is a fmall village, a houfe are ftill to be feen, called Badwho enyon, inhabitants, which 200 gives name to that excelcontaining about are chiefly employed in the cotton lent fong, " John of Badenyon." pono is pulation there Though in 1795, 4/, 9. manufacture. fupwell GLENCAIRN; an extenfive parifh coal in the parifh, yet it is plied with fuel from, the neighbouring in Dumfriesfhire ; its length is about coal pits, and from an extenfive mofs, 11 miles, but its breadth varies from on the weftern border. Population in 3 to 5. Befides the Cairn river, from which it receives its name, it is wa1791, 78S.
;

merable diftricts in Scotland, iignifying a narrow inland valley, of no great extent, anddifiinguiihed from a Strath, which denotes a long, wide, low lying valley, with a chain of lofty mountains on each fide. Glens receive the diftinguifhing appellation, either from the names of the rivers which run through them: as, Glen Almond, *' the vale of the river Almond; Glen Esk, " the -vale of the river EJk," &c. or from fome peculiar chara&eriftic of the place: as, Glen More, i( the great vale ;" Glen Gorm, " the blue

tered by feveral fmall rivulets, of which the chief are Cajllefern, Craigdarroch, and Dal-jjhat; which rife from diftincT fources amongft the hills, and unite near the village of Minniehive, which is the only one in the diflrict. The land in general is good ; the holms and meadows on the fides of the rivers are fertile; and next to thefe, the rifing grounds are of a light, warm, and kindly foil ; and, in the higher parts, there is excellent pafture for all kinds of cattle, but particularly for iheep. At the S. E. fide of the parifh, there is a lake called Loch Orr or Urr r vale," from its heath-clad fides; Glen from which the river of that name " The takes its rife. Mr. Fergufon of Craigthe ftany vale," &c. Cairn, number of glens in Scotland is fo great, darroch, has a fine feat in this neighthat only a few of the moft remark- bourhood. Population in 1791, about able are given in the following articles. 1700. GLENBERVIE ; a parifh in the a vale in Argyllfhire, ; county of Kincardine; takes its name near the head of Loch Etive, noted for from its local fituation, being a vale the cruel maffacre of its unfufpecting or glen through which the water of inhabitants, in 1 691. King William had Bervie runs. It is about (>\ miles in publiihed a proclamation, inviting the length, and 5 in breadth, containing, as Highlanders who had been in arms for appears by a map of the county, pub- James II. to accept of a general amlished by Mr. Garden, 13,963 Engliih nefty before the firft of January, on acres : the foil in the upper part of pain of military execution after that the parifh is a bluifli clay, and in the period. Alexander M'Donald, Laird lower a light dry loam, abundantly of Glencoe, went accordingly to Fort fertile : much has lately been done in William, on the very laft day of Dethe way of agricultural improvement, cember, and offered to furrender to particularly on the eftates of Mr. Ear- the governor, who informed him, that clay of Urie, and the late Lord Mon- he muft apply to the civil magiftrate, boddo. The village of Drumlithic lies Upon this he repaired with all poffible haft'e to Inveraray, the county town, *)T. the title of road from Laurencekirk

GLEN is

name

applied to innu-

GLENCOE

G LE
aftrd

LE

furrendered hitnfelf to the filenfF, mitigate it, the authors and perpetrathe time prcferibed having expired one tors of the deed are certainly in the day. The fheriff, in confluence of his higheft degree blameable. Glencoe is offer to the governor of Fort William, alio famous as the birth-place of Gfbefore the time had expired, accepted fian, as appears from many paffages and M'Donald having in the poems of that bard and many his fubmifiion taken the oaths, returned to Glencoe, of the places are accurately named with full confidence of fecurity and and defcribed. In the middle of the protection. Early, however, in the vale runs the ftream of Conn. The month of February, a party of mili- mountain of Maimer rifes on the S, tary, under the command of Captain and the celebrated Con Fion, the hill Campbell of Gleniyon, entered the of Fingal, is fituated on the N. fide of vale, on pretence of levying the taxes the fame vale. Glkncroe ; a vale in Argyllshire.: and hearth money ; and, when inquired at by M'Donald if his intention one of the paffes to the Highlands, was friendly, alPared him on his honour near the N. E. extremity of Loch Long. Accordingly, for two The fcenery is wild and fublime in the that it was. weeks, the unfufpe&ing inhabitants higher! degree: on each fide are mountreated their vifiters with every mark tains, the mo-ft fteep and rugged imaof attention and friendfliip; but, at ginable, with rocks of every fhape length, the fatal period arrived ; and, hanging on their fides ; many of which on the 13th of February, after M'Don- have fallen to the bottom of the glen, ald and Campbell had fpent the night while others threaten the traveller In fome at cards, and departed with mutual with inftant defer ucbion. promifes of the warmeft affection, the parts the craggy fummits appear to fignal for execution was given, and meet over the road ; in others, the the maffacre began : 3.8 perfons were valley opens, and the fides of it exhimurdered in their beds; and, amongft bit patches of vegetation, covered In the middle of the thefe, M'Donald Laird of Achtricha- with fheep. tain, the gueft of Glencoe, who had glen runs a considerable brook, near fubmitted three months before, and which the road is carried, and hunhad the royal protection in his pocket. dreds of rills that pour from the The defign was, to murder all the mountains, form in their defcent inmales in the valley ; but, fortunately, numerable cafcades. There are a few forhe of the detachments did not arrive miferable .cottages on the iides of the in time to fecare the paries, and about road, inhabited by the fhepherds. The 150 made their efcape. The houfes rocks connft almoft entirely of micawere demolifhed, and the cattle be- ceousfchijtus, lhining like filver, beaucame a prey to the murderers. The tifully undulated, and in many parts women and children were indeed fpared imbedded in quartz. In the bed of the ftroke of death, as if to render the rivulet are confiderable numbers their fate more cruel ; for, fuch as had of granitic pebbles, with pebbles of not died from the fright, were turned fchifius, full of er/ftals dfcheorl. The out naked, at the dead of night, in a length of Glencroc is between 5 and 6 keen froft, into a wa-fte covered with miles; the road afcends gently through fnow, 6 long miles from any inhabited the whole of it, excepting the laft place. Many of them were found dead mile, where it is very fteep, and caror dying under the rocks and hedges. ried in a zig-zag form to the top of According to Smollet {Continuation, the hill : here is a feat, and a ftone invol. i. page 156'}, the Earl of Braidal- fcribed, " Reft and be thankful," placed bin, from perioral enmity to M'Don- by the twenty-fecond regt. who made ald, had concealed the circumflance the road. From this the road turns of the furrender from the miniftry into Gienkbilafs, a vale watered by the and an order for military execution, rivulet Kinlafs, and abounding with the figned by King William, was tranf- fame fcenery as Glencoe, though lefs mitted to the fecretary of ftate in wild and romantic. This laft valley Scotland, and but too fatally executed. is terminated by the houfe and poliBut the horrid bufinefs was never cies of Ardkinlafs, the feat of Sir Alexfufficiently examined ; and, notwith- ander Campbell, on the borders of standing all the cafuiftry adopted to Loch Fvne.
; ;
1

Bb

GLE
a parifh in MidLothian, fituated about 7 miles from Edinburgh. It forms a fquare of about 3 miles. The greater part of the pariih is adapted for pafturage, being part of the Pentland hills ; and in th low grounds, the foil is aifo better adapted for pafture than tillage. The part of the Pentland hills which is in this parifh, like the reft of that elevated ridge, conlifts of different kinds of whinftone, and other primitive ftrata while the lower grounds, which form part of the valley of Mid -Lothian, contain minerals of different kinds, termed fecondary ftrata, which are

GLE
W
A
romantic fall, near the head of Glencrofs water, is ftill named Habbie's How, of which Ramfay's defcription is exceedingly accurate.
Peccy. " Gae
bie's

GLENCROSS;

farer

up the burn,

to

Hab-

liotu,

a' the fweets o' fpring and funnier grow. Between twa birks, out o'er a little lin, The water fa's, and mak's a fingan din
:

Where

pool, breafl-deep, beneath as

clear

as.

la fs,

Kiffes wi' eafy whirles the bord'ring grafs. We'll end our wafhing wliile the morning's
cool,

And when And wafh

the day

grows
&c.

het, we'll to the

adds more to the refemblance is, that this pool is ftill a favourite heavy fpnr, which is fo frequent an bathing-place. The ancient tower of attendant on metallic veins, both in Fulford, the refidence of Sir David Scotland and foreign countries, that Purves, was repaired after the civil it always affords a probable indication wars, and its name changed to Woodof metals, efpecially of lead. There houfelee, which it ftill retains yet far; are fome extenfive and beautiful plan- ther countenances the fuppofition of tations of larix and other trees, mix- Ramfay's having here fixed the imaed with laburnums. There are fome ginary refidence of his Sir William yefliges of camps at Caftle-Law ; and Worthy. William Tytler, Efq. of a rude ftone, erected on the fpot, com- Woodhoufelee, father of the prefent promemorates the battle of Pentland- prietor, was a native of this parifh. hill, fought on the *8th November, He is well known as the author of 1666. Near Wqodhoujdec, the pro- " An Inquiry into the Evidence dgaihM perty of A. Erazer Tytler, Efq. judge Mary Queen of Scots" and of a Differadvocate of Scotland, on the borders tation on Scottifh Mufic, annexed to of this pariih, with that of Pennycuik, Arnot's hiftory of Edinburgh. He alfo lies the fcene of that favourite Scots refcued from oblivion the " King's paftoral, the Gentle Shepherd : at leaft Quair," a poem written by James I. there is a ftrict coincidence between of Scotland, during his captivity in the actual fcenery, and the local cir- England and proved, on incontefticumftances mentioned in that poem. ble evidence, that Allan Ramfay was The general defcription of the fcene the true author of the beautiful pafl is " A Jheph'erd s village and fields, torals, " The Eagle and Robin Redfome few miles from Edinburgh."- The breaft", and The Vifwn." PopulaWejl Port is alfo mentioned as the road tion in 1794, 385. from the village to market. The fcenery GLENDOVAN; a parifh in the in the neighbourhood of Woodhoufeke, county of Perth. It takes its name
;

fandftone, limeftone, coal, and its concomitant foflils. By the fide of Glencrofs water, there is a vein feveral feet wide, of barytes pr

commonly

pool
ourfells,"

What

is

exactly characterized

from the

river

Dovan, which winds

very confined, being fcarcely Where laffes ufe to wafli, and fpread their ever more than two furlongs wide, and in many places the hills rife perclaiths immediately above the trotting burnie, wimpling through the pendicular The windings of the river, ftream. ground; the plantations with which it is fltirtIts channel pebbles, fhin.'ng, fmooth, and round."
braes,

through it ; it extends in length a" Beneath the fouth fide of a craigy bicld, bout 6 miles, and &,\ in breadth. The Where cryftal fpfings, the nalefom'e waters general afpect is hilly, but the hills are green and fmooth, feldom incumbered yield;" with rocks, and only a few fpots are Scene II. the tract of the " A flowery howm, between twa verdant covered with heath

Scene

I.

river

is

GLE
cd and the furrounding fcenery, form a highly piclurefque profpeift. The foil of the arable land is in general but by far the greater very fertile part of the diftricl is appropriated to fheep pafture. Population in 1793, about 240.
r ;

GLE
Englifh in the border wars.

There

are alfo the remains of feveral military ftation6, both circular and rectangular.

Population in 1791, about

,300.

GLENISLA
of Forfar.

a parifh in the

county
its

It takes its

name from

local fituation, being placed in a val-

a parifh in Invergives name to a divifion of the fame county. It

nefs-ihire,

GLENELG;
3

which

alfo

ley through which the JJla runs. Its length, in a direct line, is about 18 miles, and its breadth on an average
is

nearly 2. The foil is in general of a light nature, full of ftones : in fome places it appears to be a ftrong loam, capable of receiving great improvement ; and many of the farmers take advantage of the limeftone, which is found in great abundance in the northern part of the parifh. Lying at the foot of the Grampian mountains, however, confiderable attention is paid to the rearing of fheep and black cattle. direction. The two former diftricts There are the ruins of 2 caftles, viz. have a light fertile foil, but Morror is Forter and Newton, both of which rocky and mountainous, fit only for belonged to the Ogiivies of Airly, and pafture. The great road from Fort Au- in 1641 were demolifhed by the Margustus to the Ifie of Sky paffes through quis of Argyll. Population in 1791, the parifh ; and, at the termination of 1018. the northern difthe road, the ancient barracks of Bernera are fituated, formerly a confider- tricl: of Kircudbrightfhire ; compreable military ftation, but now occu- hending the valley watered by the ripied only as a ferjeants' guard. There ver Ken, and part of the high lands have been many caftles and, round which divide Galloway from Carrick. towers in this diftriet, two of which It is divided into 4 parifhes, Keils, are very entire : there are alfo feveral Balmaclellan, Dairy, and Carfphairn ; tumuli and barrows. Population in and contains the royal burgh of The Glenkms breed of Galloway. 17913, 1286. a diftriet of Inver- fheep and black cattle is much famed, ; ncfs-fhire, occupying the central part and the farmers are reputed to excel of the great valley which extends in the management of their pafture from Invernefs on the E, coaft, to farms. Fort William on the Glengary Glen kin lass, in Argyllshire. Vide is the peculiar property of the chief Glencroe. of the clan of Macdonnel, who here a diftricl of Wig; poffeffes an elegant feat at Invergary- tonfhire, watered by the river Luce. .caftle. It is now divided into two parifhes, a parifh in the called Old and Luce. Glencounty of Peebles, which takes its luce is ftill the name of a confidername from the fmall rivulet Holm, able village in that diftricl, fituated at which paffes through it, and here falls the difcharge of the river Luce into the into the T-.i-eed. The parifh is about bay of the fame name, where it forms 3 or 4 miles in length, and nearly 2 in a tolerable harbour for fmall veffels. breadth. The furface is hilly, and by- The village contains upwards of 200 far the greater part is fheep pafture : inhabitants, and is daily increafing. the arable foil in the valleys is loofe Balcail, the feat of Major Rofs, is fiand fharp, and when well cultivated tuated immediately N. of the village, affords a great return. There are 6 and the furrounding policies increafe old caftles or towers, which are now the beauty of the fcenery. The ruins in ruins, but appear to have been built of a priory are alfo to be feen in the in a very ftrong manner for fhelter and neighbourhood.

comprehends

diftricts, viz. Glenelg,

the property of Colonel Macleod of Macleod ; Kno-rvdort, feparated from the former by an arm of the fea, called Lochurn, the property of the Macdonalds of Glengary and Scothoufe ; and Nortb-morror, feparated from KnbKudort by another the fea, called Loclmeavis, the property of the family of Lovat. The whole extent may be about 20 miles in every

am

GLENKENS;

New

GLENGARY

W.

GLENLUCE

GLENHOLM;

New

defence, againfi the incurfions of the

GLENLYON

a long narrow vale

GLE
in Braidalbin, in Perthfhire,

GLE
watered
ly,

the river Lyon ; it is a part of the parifh of Fortingal, under which article a defcription is given of its ro-

by

mantic appearance.

Glen-more-na-h'alabin, "

the

great glen of Caledonia" is a term applied to that valley, which runs in a direction from N. E. to S. W. the whole breadth of the kingdom, from the Moray Frith at Invernefs, to the Sound of Mull below Fort William, and which is aim oft filled with extenMr. Knox, in his View of five lakes. of the Britifh Empire, points out this vale as the proper direction of a canal acrofs the kingdom: indeed, this feems almoft completed by nature for, the diftance in a direct line is little more than 50 miles, and of this the navigable lakes, Loch Nefs, Loch Olch, and Loch Locky, make near 40. The whole length is thus ftated by Mr. Knox Miles Miles. River Nefs, { Loch JSTefs, Oich, Oich, 5
;

Lochy,
Land,
36

Lochy,

5 1

producing good grain, but, proportionably, very little fodder. Agriculture has been lately much improved, from the exertions and example of Mr. Gordon of Abergeldie, one of the principal heritors, who has his elegant refidence in the parifh. The hills are of confiderable elevation, and many of them are covered with wood to the very fummit. The fmall lake of Kannor or Cannor, is about 3 miles in circumference, in which are fevera} ifiands, with the ruins of caftles upon, them. There are feveral other ruinous caftles in the parifh, particularly the caflle of Cnoe, the property of Mr. Gordon ; Dee-cafile, the property of the E^tfl of Aboyne ; and the c'aftle of Glengainiy belonging to the fame nobleman. In this diftricl: are the ce* lebrated mineral wells of Pannanach, lituated on the banks of the Dee; (vide Pannanach.) There is a vein of lead ore near the caftle of Glengairn, but it has never been wrought to advantage : there is plenty of limeftone over the whole diftricl: ; which, near Pannanach, affumes the appearance of fine marble. In 1794, the parifh contained 21 1 7 inhabitants.

which forms a beautiful plain of 3 miles in length, and half a mile in breadth. The whole diftricl: is mounweftern finieries, a new fpecies of traf- tainous and hilly. The river Urchay or Orchay glides through the middle, fic and commercial intercourfe would arife markets of reciprocal benefit dividing it into two parts, till it falls would be opened on both fhores, and into the beautiful expanfe of water, give employment to all thcfe who pre- called Loch Awe or Loch 0<iu : on the fer induftry to indigence and idlenefs, fides of the river the foil is a mixture of which there are many thoufands in of light earth and fand on the banks of the loch it is generally deeper, and this remote diftricl. GLENMUICK a large and popu- very fertile. The church and manfe lous parifh in Aberdeenfhire, formed of the parifh are fituated on a beautiby the union of the parishes of Glen- ful oblong iflet, formed in the bed of muick, Tulloch, and Gleng airn. the river Urchay ; it is in the center It lies near the middle of the borders of the valley, and is upwards of a of the county, being about 40 miles mile in circumference, and everywhere W. from Aberdeen, the county town ; bordered with coppices and natural woods to the very edge of the river. it is of an irregular figure, about 18 miles in length, and 15 in breadth, in- The hills and muirs, which fome terfecled by the Dee, and feveral of years ago were covered with heath its tributary dreams, of which the and coarfe herbage, are, fince the inMuick, and the Gairn are the chief. troduction of Iheep into the country, The foil is in general mallow and ear- gradually getting a richer fward, of
; :

So that 36 miles are navigable on a grand fcale ; 20 miles confift of rivers, which might be rendered navigable bymeans of cuts, and a miles of land. The expence of making it is eftimated at 164,000!. ; no great fum, when compared with the advantages which would remit from it. Were this line of navigation opened to the great

GLENORCHAY and INISHAIL, Thefe united parifhes are lituated in the county of Argyll, or. the borders of Perthfhire, and extend of unequal breadth upwards of 24 miles in length,
excepting the
vale

of

Glenorchay,

GLE
greener hue, and afford excellent pafture every where are fprings of pure and falubrioils water. In former times, it was fuppofed that no dotneftic animal could ftand the feverities of a winter in the high and ftormy grounds and even the goats and (mall fheep were regularly houfed, and fed in pens during the rigour of the feafon : now, the hills are covered with large fheep throughout the whole year. The higher parts abounded once with foreils of the largeft and belt pines, but thefe were cut down about 80 years ago : there are ftill fome tracts of natural woods in Glenorchay, chiefly of firs and oak, intermixed with afh, birch, and alder. The banks of Loch are covered with plantations of various kinds of wood, of which the horfe-chefnut, the mountain afh, and the lime, and the plane, are molt confpicuous, and grow with great luxuriance and beauty. The chief hills are Beindoran, Beinlaol, and Cruachan, of which the laft is the higheft. Belides Loch Ow, there are feveral lakes, and
:

GLE
Which are moltly of granite, with porphyry and a mixture of foldt /par :

limeftone is quarried in feveral parts of the parifh. Population in 1792, 1609. Glenshee (Spital of); a celebrated pafs into the Highlands, near the head of the Black water or Shee, and a few miles S. of the point where the counties of Aberdeen, Perth, and Angus meet. In 17 18, a fmall body of Highlanders, with 300 Spaniards, took pofleffion of this pafs ; but, at the approach of the king's forces, they retired to the pafs of Strachell. They were driven from one eminence to another till night, when the Highlanders difperfed, and the next day the Spaniards furrendered themfelves prifoners of war. GLENSHEIL; a parifh inRofsfhire. It is a Highland diftridt, extending fide of the arm of the from the N. fea called Loch Dutch, 16 miles in length, and from i| to 4 miles in breadth. The furface coniifts chiefly of two valleys, on the fides of which many rivulets which abound with the hills rife to a prodigious height, trout, and contain a few falmon. The almoft by a perpendicular afcent. In military road from Stirling to Inver- many places thefe mountains arerocky, aray and Tayndrom, and from Tayn- and covered with heath and bent to drom to Fort William, pafs through the very fummits ; but the interjacent the parifh : and one part of this beau- valleys are pleafant, being covered tiful line, from the bridge of to with grafs, and fome natural wood ; Dalmally, winds through the woods but the proportion of arable ground The fhores and dells, prefenting fuch varied and is very inconfiderable. agreeable views of water, of iflands, abound with fifh, and Loch Dutch reof towering mountains, and Hoping ceives an annual vifit from the fhoals hills, as give an uncommon grandeur of herring. The great military road and fublimity to the profpect : part of from Fort Auguilus to Bernera paffes the road lies through a narrow defile, through the parifh, but has been neamidft fuch irregularities of nature, glected, and allowed to fall into diffuch deep chafms, fuch dreadful im- repair lince the year 1776. In the pending rocks, as indicate fome vaft heights of the parifh, is the narrow convulsions of the earth to have hap- pafs of GlenJBeil, famous for the battle pened at fome remote period of time. between the Englifh troops and the Highland adherents of King James, On fome of the iflands of Loch are the remains of old caftles ; vide led by the Earl of Seaforth, in which (Loch.) Hayfield, the feat of the latter were defeated. Population Mr. M'Dougald, is an elegant houfe, on in 1791, 721. the banks of the lake. Mr. Campbell ; a pafs in the Highof Lochnell, Mr. Campbell of Monie, lands of Athol, famous for the warand Mr. Lindfay of Boccaird, have riors which it anciently produced, alfo elegant refidences. On the con- and the dangerous road which runs fines of the parifh a lead mine has through it. Mr. Pennant fays, " it is been wrought for many years : in fe- a narrow glen, feveral miles in length, veral hills are appearances of lead ore. bounded on each lide by mountains Cobalt, talc, afbejiine filaments, and a of- an amazing height on the S. is beautiful green jafper, have been found the great hill of B'-^-y-glo (BeingJo), in the fragments of the mountains, whole bafe is %s mile? in circumfer--

Ow

W.

Aw

Ow

Ow

GLENTILT

GO L

GOV
;

unce, and whofe fummit towers far a- fpy, at the mouth of which the village* bove the others. The fides of many of the fame name is fituated, containof thefe mountains are covered with ing neatly 300 inhabitants. The arafine verdure, and are excellent fheep- ble foil is in general light, but of walks, but entirely woodlefs. The good quality, and tolerably fertile in road is the mod dangerous and hor- fome parts it is a deep ftrong clay a narrow path, but the greater part of the pariih is rible I ever travelled fo rugged, that our horfes were often hilly, and covered with heath. The obliged to crofs their legs, in order to fnores abound with all forts of fifh ; pick a fecure place for their feet; and every third year, from the fea while, at a confiderable and precipi- ware on the rocks, about 30 or 40 tous depth beneath, roared a black tons of kelp are made. Population torrent, rolling through a bed of rock, in 1702, 1700. iblid in every part but where the Tilt GOMETRA; a fmall bafaltic ifland had worn its ancient way." of the Hebrides, fituated between the' GLENTRATHEN, or LINTRA- ifiands of Mull and Staffa. GORBALS of GLASGOW; a vilTHEN; aparifh in the county of Forfar ; extends about 8 miles in length, lage and pariih in Lanarkfhire, lying and 4 in breadth, elevated on the fkirts oppohte to Glafgow, on the S. bank of the Grampian mountains. It has a of the Clyde. Vide Glasgow. bleak and barren afpect; the furface is a pariih in the coun; compofed of hills, valleys, and moun- ty of Berwick, in the diftrict of Lautains, and poffeffes few fpots which derdale. It extends about- 7 miles in admit of culture; and even thefe fpots length, and its breadth varies from a are of a thin muirifh foil, yielding an to 4. The furface is uneven, but inferior quality of grain. The greater moft of' the hills are under cultivapart is laid out in pafturage, neither tion : there are many pieces of good the foil nor climate being favourable arable land, fome of it of a clay foil, for plantations^ It is watered by the but in general light and fandy ; there are feveral extenlive bogs and modes, 'lila, and one of its tributary ftreams, There are feveral which fupply fuel to the inhabitants. called Melgam. cairns, and the ruins of a caftle, faid The pariih is watered by the Eden to have been built feveral centuries and Blackadder, on which are erected ago, by Sir Allan Domet, one of the feveral corn mills. It would appear anceftors of the family of Airly. that this diftrict was once the proThere is a lake about a mile in dia- perty of the Dukes of Gordon, from meter, which gives rife to o-ne of the which they took their title, as they ftill principal ftreams of the Melgam. In retain the fuperiority of many of the 1793, the pariih contained about 900 farms ; and two places are yet named Gordon and Huntly, the two titles of inhabitants.
:

GORDON

of which it is confidered however, a burgh of fea in Argyllfhire, which ftrikes off barony, erected by Charles I. in favours of the family of Shaw, who are from Loch Long in a N. W. direction.
as a part
;

a ; of the It is elevated 2840 ifland of Arran. feet perpendicular above the level of rhe fea ; and, perhaps, no mountain in Britain affords a more extenfive profMany topazes, and other precipeel. ous ftones are found, fimilar to thole of the Cairngorm, of the fame figure few thin feams of and colour. coal are alfo to be feen near the N. end of the mountain. Goil (Loch) ; a fmall arm of the
lofty

Goatfikld, or Gaoilbhein
mountain
in the center

that family. Population in 1790, 912. hilling village in ; a Kincardinefhire. It lies about 2 miles S. of the burgh of Inverbervie, and pofTeffes a fmall harbour, which is neither commodious, nor fheltered from the S. and E. winds. It contains 200 inhabitants. a fmall town and harbour in Renfrewlhire, almoft united by a row of houfes to the town of

GOURDON

GOUROCK;

Greenock,

it is,

GOLSPY ; a pariih in the county of Sutherland. It extends along the S. E. coaft of the county about 10 miles in length, and from 1 to % miles in breadth ; divided by the burn of Gol-

fuperiors.

GOVAN
in

a parifli fituated chiefly

Lanarkfhire ; but a fmall part of it lies in the county of Renfrew. It extends about 5 miles in lengthy and

GR A
breadth. The river here navigable to veffels drawing 7 feet water, runs through its whole extent, and divides nearly On each fide into two equal parts. of the river a fine plain extends, about a mile and an half in breadth, adorned with beautiful plantations and elegant villas, forming, with the Shipping in the river, a moll delightThe foil varies from a ful landfcape. light loam to a tilly clay, which, though not naturally fertile, is, from the improvement of agriculture, tolerably productive. The village of Govern is long and ftraggling, containing about 230 families. There is a ferry over the Clyde, about %\ miles below Glafgow, where the Kelvin empties itfelf into that river. The Kelvin, in pairing through this parifh, is of great fervice in the working of machinery, and waters 5 or 6 very extenfive bleachfields; and, in the immediate vicinity of the village, a large one has been laid out, There is watered by the Clyde. plenty of freeftone and brick clay, and coal has been wrought for many years. About % miles S, of the church, are the remains of an old caftle, of Gothic architecture, built in 1585 ; and, near the Kelvin, are the ruins of an edifice, erected in ion, for the country refidence of the Bifhops of Glafgow, and ftill named the Bifhops Population in 1794) 2518. caftle. ; a diftrict in Perthfhire, comprehending the carfe lands on the N. bank of the Tay, betwixt Dundee and Perth, and extending northward over the Sidlanv hills as far as BlairGowrie, near to the Spital of Glenjhee. Vide Carse of Gowrie, and Blair3 to 4 Clyde, which

GR A
GRAITNEY;
in Dumfriesfhire.

from

in
is

a parifh and

village!
is

oblong

figure,

of an extending 6 miles in

The

parifh

length along the Solway Frith, and 3

in breadth. It is in general level, having few rifing grounds, and thefe of fmall

Graitney hill, the higheft ; eminence, being only 252 feet above the level of the fea: except fome tracts of mofs and boggy grounds, the foil
elevation

generally fertile and well cultivated. are feveral harbours on the Solway Frith, where veffels of confiderable burden can unload in fafety, particularly at the fmall village of SarkThe foot, Hiedkirkpoint, Breiufe, &C.
is

There

Sark and Kirtle rivulets interfect the parifh for feveral miles. Lately, the new village of Springfield arofe on the
eftate of Sir William Maxwell, and. promifes to be a thriving manufacturing ftation. The village of Graitney is the firft ftage in Scotland, on the road from England by Moffat to Edrnburgh, and has been long famous in the annals of matrimonial adventure, for the clandeftine marriages of fugitive lovers from England, which have been celebrated here. Thefe are performed by feveral perfons, none of

whom

are clergymen ; but the greateft part of the trade is monopolized by a tobacconift, and not a blackfmith, as is generally believed; a fellow without
literature,

GOWR1E

Gowrie.
Orkney ; one of the extends about a mile and an half in length, and one in breadth; it is rented by 36 families, in very fmall farms ; a great part is arable, and only a few fheep are reared in the
ifiands.
It
hilly

GRiEMSAY

diftrict ; its coafts afford great quantities of kelp ; it is united to- the ifland of Hoy, in forming a parochial
diftrict.

Population in 1794, about

;

^160.

GRAHAMSTON
barony of Glafgow,

a village in the
in Lanarkshire,

containing in 1791, 896 inhabitants. It may be counted almoft a fuburb of the city of Glafgow, being connected to it by feveral ftreets*

without principles, without religion, and without manners ; whofe life is a continued fcene of debauchery, asid whofe irregular conduct has rendered him an object of deteftation to the fober and virtuous part of the neighbourhood. It is truly a dif~ grace to permit fuch irregularities to be practifed with impunity, and reflects not a little on the good fenle of thofe of the nobility and gentry of England, to fuffer themfelves to be duped by fuch an impoftor. It is nearly 60 years fince thefe marriages began to be folemnized here; and, on the loweft computation, 60 or 65 couple are. annually joined, which, eftimated at 15 guineas each, bring in about 950I. per annum!!! The ceremony, when any form is ufed, is that of the church of England ; and the certificate is figned by the par/on! and two witneffes, under fictitious names. It may be amufing to infert a copy of one of thefe certificates in " This is tofartthe original fpelling.

Cc

GRA
fay lill pelfins that my be confernid, that A. 3. from the fiari/h of C. in the county of _D. and E. F. of the parijh of G. in the county of H. and both conies before me, and declayred themfelefs both to be jingle perfons, and noxu mayried by the form of the kirk of Scotland, and agreible to the church of England, and git-en ondre my hand this 6th day of March .1802." Eheu/J Graitney-haFl has been
lately fitted
\

GRA
and deafening noife, in proportion to the height of the fall, and: the width of the opening. Thefe are' commonly called Paffes, owing to the difficulty of theii paffage,before bridges were erected ; and Ave may mention as examples, the Pafs of Leney, of Absrfoil, and the famous paffes of Gillicrankie, and the Spital of Glenfhee. Beyond thefe, plains of various extent
dible force
:

op as a commodious ftage appear filled with villages and cultiin the interftices are by the Earl of Hopeton, the pro- vated fields prietor. In the neighbourhood of the numerous expanfes of water, connectinn
village is Springkell, the elegant refi-

dence of Sir William Maxwell. At Graitney Mains, are the remains of an oval druidical temple, enclofmg about half an acre of ground. The pari fh contained in 1794, 1 810 inhabitants.

Grampian Mountains;
chain of
hills'

that

which extends acrofs the

ifland, from the diftrict of Covval in Argyllshire on the Atlantic, to Aberdeen on the German ocean, and there forming another ridge in a north wefterly direction, extends through Aberdeenfhire to Moray, and the borders of Invernefs. They are named fo from the Gaelic words Grant and Bhein, which are i'aid to fignify huge or ugly mountains, or from the Mons Grampius of Tacitus, where Galgacus waited the approach of Agricola, and where the Caledonians are faid to hate received their almoft total overthrow. The fouthern front of the firft ridge has, in many places, a gradual and pleafant dope, into a campaign country of great extent and fertility ; and, notwithstanding the forbidding afpeet, at firft fight, of the mountains themfelves, with their covering of heath and rugged rocks, they are interfered in a thoufand directions by the winding valleys, watered by rivers and brooks of the moft limpid water, clad with the richeft paftures, Sheltered by thriving woods that fringe the lakes, and run on each fide of the ftreams, and are acceffible in moft places by excellent roads. Thefe valleys, which exhibit fuch a variety of natural beauty, alfo form a contraft with the ruggednefs of the furrounding mountains, and prefent to the eye the moft romantic fcenery. The rivers inthe deep defiles ftruggle to find a paffage ; and often the oppofite hills approach fo sear, that the waters rufii with incre-

ed with rivulets, ftored with a variety of fifii, and covered with wood down to the water edge. The craggy tops are covered with flocks of iheep ; ancl numerous herds of black cattle are feen browfing on the paftures in the valleys. On the banks of the lakes or rivers is generally the feat of fome nobleman or gentleman. The N. fide of the Grampians is more rugged in its appearance, and the huge maffes arc feen piled on one another in the moft awful magnificence, The height of the Grampian mountains varies from 1400 feet to 3500 feet above the level of the fea, and feveral of them are ele~ vated ftill higher. The Cairngorm in Morayfhire, the Bin-na-bazrd in Aberdeenihire, the lofty mountains in

Angus and
tain of

Perthfhires,
in

and the moun-

Dumbartonshire, are elevated confiderably above that

Benlomond

Along the S. bafe of the Grampians lies the vale of Strathmore, or " great vale," a term which is often given to the ftrath from Dumbarton to Aberdeen ; but in a reftricted fenfe, it is generally applied to that fertile diftrict of Perth, Angus, and Mearns, which extends from- Meth-ven-caftle to the village of Laurence-kirk ; (vide Strathmore.) The minerals of which thefe mountains are compofed, are too various for enumeration many of the hills are evidently volcanic, and compofed of bafaltes and lava: precious ftones abound in the Aberdeenfhire mountains, and the Cairngorm topazes are well kno\vn. a parifii in Banfffinre, ; extending about 6 miles in length from N. to S. and 5 in breadth. It extends N. from the banks of the river Ifla, in 3 long but low ridges, terminating in the mountains called the Knock-hill, the Lurg-hill, and the hill of Altmore, which divide it from the fertile dif=
height.
:

GRANGE

GRA
tricts of
:

GRE
GRANTOWN;

a village in the Boyne and Enzie thefe hill?. are of coniiderable elevation, the firft parifh of Cromdale in Morayfhire. being elevated 400 yards or 1200 feet It is of late erection, the place where above the level of its bafe. The low it now ftands being not more than 30 ground, except fome moffes, is in ge- years ago a barren heath, altogether neral well cultivated, and the cultiva- unimprovable; it is neatly built, with tion has extended nearly half way up a town-houfe and prifon, of elegant under the patronage of the neighbouring hills on the banks architecture of the I/la, the ground having a fine Sir James Grant, the fuperior, feveral
: :

but the N.

dry and early, wet, and unproductive, the foil being a poor clay, on a fpungy moffy bottom. The whole parifh has formerly been covered with wood, as appears from the large roots of trees which are frequently met with in the extenfive moffes in this diftrict but at prefent it is naked of wood, except fome folitary trees, and a natural copfe round the houfe of Edingight, which have eicaped the general ruin. The Earl of Fife is the principal proprietor but Capt. Innes of Edingight is the only rending heriS. expoiure, is tolerably
diftrict is cold,
; ;

manufactures

have

been inftituted,

which promife to be fuccefsful ; it lies on the great road to Invernefs, and a bridge is thrown over the Spey, not far from the town ; it contains about 400 inhabitants.

GRASHOLM;
Orkney
of Shapinfhay.

ides, fituated half

one of the fmall a mile S.

GREENHOLM
ifiand of

one of the Ork-

neys, a mile and an half S.

W.

of the

Edav.

is alfo one of the Shetland iflands, lying 10 miles N.N. W. of the town of Lerwick.

GREENHOLM

tor.

There

are inexhauftible quarries

is

GREENLAW

town and

parifh

of the belt limeftone, which is burnt with the peats dug from the moffes formerly 60, coo bolls were fold, but of late the average annual produce of the lime kilns is about 30,000 bolls. The parifh is interfecled by roads in every direction, from Banff, Cuilen, and Aberdeen, &c. to the interior. The ruinous caftle of Grange, once the refidence of the abbots of Kinlofs, was a place of great fplendour, and much of its ancient magnificence ftill remains. Population in 1793, 1572. a village in Stirlingfhire, erected at the junction of the great canal with the river Carron, a few miles above its junction with the Forth. It was begun by Sir Lawrence Dundas, in the year 1777, to accommodate the numerous veffels paffing through the canal ; and it is calculated that upwards of 40,000 tons are annually entered at this port, belonging either to the foreign or

in the

county of Berwick.

The town

GRANGEMOUTH

coafting trade. There is great need for additional warehoufes ; and the eftablifhment of a branch of a cuftomhoufe would be of the utmrfi; importance, as it is only a creek belonging to Borroivftonvnnefs, which is diftant upwards of 8 miles, and fubjects the ihipmafters to great inconvenience, by being obliged to travel to that port to have their cargoes entered. In
.1795,

Grangemouth contained about

fituated nearly in the center of the county, and is a burgh of barony, held in feu from the Earl of Marchmont, who is fuperior. After the town of Berwick was taken by the Englifh, the courts of juftice were removed to Dunfe, and fhortly after eftablifhed in the town of Greenlaw, which is ftill the county town. It contains about 600 inhabitants. The parifh extends about 7 or 3 miles in length, and on an average 2 in breadth. The furface is in general level, but has feveral eminences, which are of ineoniiderable height the foil in the S. part of the parifh is a deep ftrong clay, exceedingly fertile, but towards the N. it becomes wet and ipouty, and of a very inferior quality ; and, on the northern borders, is only fit for fheep pafture. The beautiful houfe of Marchmont, the feat of the Earl of Marchmont, is fituated about a mile or two from the town ; it is furrounded with extenfive plantations, and beautiful pleafure grounds. There are the remains of two religious houfes, which were dependent on the priory of Kelfo. In 1793, the population was about 1200. a confiderable fea port town on the Frith of Clyde, in the county of Renfrew. The ftreets of the town extend along the coaftj
:

GREENOCK;

500 inhabitants.

GRE
and, though in general the houfes are well built, the whole has a confined and inelegant appearance. The harbour is very commodious, and has been made out and lately improved, at a great expence ; within two femicircular quays are enclofed upwards of 10 acres, where merchant veffels of the greateft burden have fufficient depth of water: adjoining to it are feveral dry docks, and it is in contemplation to enlarge it very confiderably. The town is a burgh of barony, erected by Sir
I

GRI
!

kingdom have been launched here. Greenock has one private banking company, which iffues notes ; and a branch of the Paifiey
built
in

the

bank
1787
;

is

alfo eftablifhed.

The Merinftituted in

chants-houfe Society

was

the fubfeription-money on ad-

miffion is 5 guineas, and 5s. annually, for the fupport of decayed members. Previous to the year 1745, the town of Greenock and the neighbouring country were included in one parirn ; but about that time the town was -erected John Shaw, in 1757, who was then fu- into a New pari/b, while the country perior; it is governed by a council of part was diitinguifhed as the Old pa9 feuers, 2 of which'are annually elect- ri/b of Greenock. This pariih exed bailies ; it pofieffes an annual reve- tends about 44 miles along the Frith nue of nearly 1200I. fterling. 'Before "of Clyde, indented by feveral bays, of theUnion, the merchants of Greenock which the chief is Greenock and Crawhad ibme trade with the Baltic, with ford's-dikes, where there is fafe anExcepting a ftrip of level France, Spain, and other parts of Eu- chorage. rope : from that time to the "com- ground along the more, the furface is

mencement of the American war, a great trade was carried on from the poll, principally by the merchants of Glafgow, who were owners of almoft all the mips failing from it. At prefent, the merchants of Greenock are the principal ihipholders, and carry on the greateft part of the trade. The
American war
aifected

Greenock

in

the jfame manner in which Glafgow fuffered, and the fame energies excited the Greenock merchants to profecute other branches of commerce and the great canal of communication has opened an extenfrve trade to the towns on the E. coaft of the kingdom, particularly London, Leith, Dundee, "and Aberdeen. Amongft the imports of the year ending 5th January, 1791, the following articles deferve notice. Grain, 87,395 quarters; fugars, 81,074 cwt. ; cotton, 1,757,504 cwt.; rum, 221,649 gallons; and wines, 744 tuns. The fifheries, and of herring in particular, have been long attended to by the inhabitants of Greenock ; and, befides thofe caught in the river and neighbouring lochs, which were fold forimmediate confumption, there were entered at the cuftom-houfe, in 1792-, 45,054 barrels of herrings. The Newfoundland and No-va Scotia fifheries are alfo carried on to' a great extent by the Greenock merchants. As to manufactures, they are fmall, compared with the fize of the place. Shipbuilding is much attended to, and fevcral of the largeft merchant veffels
;

agreeably diverfified, watered S. by the river Gryfe: the foil clofe to the Ihore is in general light, fandy,and mixed with gravel, requiring frequent mowers towards the hills it becomes clay and till, and on the fummit the furface prefents either the bare rocks,' or is fparingly covered with heath or mofs. Freeftone is abundant, and fome veins of an inferior lirneftone have been difcovered. The hills, for the moft part, are compofed of a coarfe-grained bafaltic whin, intermixed with honeycombed lava, reiembhng the jlag of a fnirth's forge. The village of Cruwford''s-di&es, nearly adjoining to the town of Greenock, is a burgh of barOny, created in 1633 by King Charles II. The elegant manfion-houfe of Greenock, the reiidence of Mr. Stuart, is a large modern building, fituated on a confiderable eminence S. from the town. Iri x 393> the population of the Old and
hilly,

on the

New
to

parilhes of Greenock amounttd upwards of 15,000.

river Ayr,

Greenock;
dream of the

a fmall tributary which it joins

near the village of Catrine.

GRETNA GREEN. Vide GraitNEY. Grife, or Gryfl ; a river in Renfrewshire. Vide Gryfe. GRIMBUSTERHOLM; oneofthe
fmall

Orkney

iflands,

near the town

of Strom nefs.

GRIMSAY
Hebrides,

a barren ifiand of the

lying

between North

Ui/i,

GRO
z miles in and Benbecula ; length, and is valuable for the great quantity of kelp burnt on its fhores. GRINADIL ; one of the Hebrides. Groat's House (John o'); amemorable place in the parifh of Cariifbay in Caithnefs, which, perhaps, owes its fame lefs to the circumftance of its iocal fituation, at the northern extremity of the ifland, than to an event which it may not be improper to relate, as it inculcates an ufeful leffon of morality. In the reign of James IV. of Scotland, three brothers, Malcolm,
it is

GUT
diftincl

all other hcufes, in an octagon figure, with 8 doors, and having placed a table of oak of the fame fliape in the middle, when the next meeting took place he defired each of them to enter by his own door, and to lit at the head of the table, he himfelf occupying the laft. By this ingenious contrivance, the harmony and good humour of the company was restored. The building was then named John o' Groat's Houfe, and though nothing remains but the foundations of the building, the place ftill retains the Gavin, and John de Groat (fuppofed name, and deferves to be remembered to have been originally from Holland), for the good intentions and good fenfe, arrived in Caithnefs with a letter from which gave it origin. Grugag ; a river in the parifh of that prince, recommending them to the countenance and protection of his Eddertown, in Rofsihire, which falls loving fubjecrs in the county of Caith- over a precipice, calculated to be nearnefs. Thefe brothers purchafed fome ly 300 feet of perpendicular height. Grunnock (Loch) ; a lake in the land near Dungijbay-head, and, in a ihort time, by the increafe of their parifh of Girthon, in Kirkcudbrightfamilies, 8 different proprietors of the fhire, about 3 miles in length, and 1 name of Great poffeffed thefe lands in breadth, remarkable for the vaft Thefe 8 families numbers of charr which it contains. in equal divifions. Gryfe ; a confiderable river in having lived peaceably and comfortably for a number of years, eftablifhe'd Renfrewfhire. It hath its fource in the an annual meeting, to celebrate the high muirs and mountains, that are anniverfary of the arrival of their an- iituated between theparifhes of KilIn the courfe of malcolm and Largs ; it runs a very ceftors on the coaft. the feftivity, on one of thefe occafions, rapid courfe over feveral precipices, a queftion arofe reflecting the right of to the low country at Fullwood, taking the door, the head of the table, where it meets the tide ; after which and fuch points of precedency (each it moves flowly, in a ferpentine courfe, contending for the feniority and chief- receiving the Black Cart at Mqfs Waltainfhip), which increafed to fuch. a kinjhesa), and the White Cart at Inchdegree, as would probably have proved innan bridge, and falls into the Clyde fatal in its confequences, had not John about a mile below Renfrew; it ade Groat, who appears to have acquir- bounds with trout and perch, and ed great knowledge of mankind, in- near its mouth faimon are plenty in He expatiated on the com- the proper feafons. This river, from terfered. fort they had heretofore enjoyed, ow- being one of the chief in the county, ing to the harmony which had fubfnt- anciently gave the name of Strathgryft ed between them : he allured them, to the diftrict which is now termed that, as foon as they appeared to Renfrew. Gulan-ness ; a fmall promontory quarrel among themfelves, their neighbours, who had till then treated them in the parifh of Dirleton, in Eaft Lowith refpect, would fall upon them, thian. It is the point where the Frith and expel them the country he there- of Forth opens into the German ocean. fore conjured them, then, by the ties a fmall ifland of the ; of blood, and their mutual fafety, to Hebrides, lying in the found betwixt return quietly to their feveral homes, the ifiands Of Coll and Tiry. It is aand pledged himfelf that he would fa- bout a mile long, and half a mile tisfy them en all points of precedency, broad, affording great abundance of and prevent -the poffibility of fuch dif- fea weed on its fhores. putes at their future anniverfary meetGUTHRIE ; a parifh in the counings they all acquiefced, and departed ty of Angus : no accurate idea can be in peace. In due time, John de Groat, given of its length or breadth, as one to fulfil his engagement, built a room, part of the parifh is feparated at leaft
'

about

from

GUNNA

GUT
6 miles from the other, and lies dithe fuperficial conrectly S. from it tents are about 2700 acres, of which 500 are muir. The hill of Guthrie, which is elevated nearly ijoo feet above the level of the fea, is the higheft ground ; and from the top of it the furface gradually defcends towards the S. and S. E. The caftle of Guth:

GUT
entire
built
;

it

is

by

Sir

was

(lain at

fuppofed to have been Alexander Guthrie, who the battle of Flowden. In

rie,

the refidence of that ancient family, is a fhong building, ftill very

the fouthern diftrict of the parilh is part of a Roman camp, the remainder being fituated in the parifh of Inverarity. The vallum and foffe are very diftinct, and ftill of considerable heighth and depth. Population in i79*> 571-

H
HAD
HAA
a fmall ifland of Sutherlandfhire, 3^ miles E. of the promontory of Far-out-head. HADDINGTONSHIRE, or EAST LOTHIAN, is bounded on the W. by Edinburghfhire, or Mid-Lothian on the N. by the Frith of Forth ; on the E. by the German ocean ; and on the S. the great ridge of the Lamrnermuir hills feparates it from the county of Berwick. It extends about 25 miles in length, and from 12 to 16 in breadth, and is one of the molt fertile counties in the kingdom, and from its high ftate of cultivation, produces great quantities of wheat, and all forts of grain : towards the S. where the Lammermuir hills extend into the county, the furface is rugged
;

HAD
vitriol

has been eftablifhed, and near the fame place the manufacture of fal ammoniac has been for fome time carried on. Haddingtonfhire contains 3 royal boroughs, viz. Haddington, the county town; North Berwick,

and Dunbar: and towns and villages

;

feveral

populous

tonpansy Aherlady, this rich and fertile county there are almoft innumerable feats of the nobility and gentry ; a few of the moft e^ minent can only be mentioned here. Broxmouth, a feat of the Duke of Roxburgh ; Tejler-cajlle, the feat of the Marquis of Tweedale ; Tynningham, the feat of the Earl of Haddington ; Leithington, the feat of Lord Blantyre ; Gofsford, Beanjlon, and Aand mountainous, but excellently a- misfield, feats of the Earl of Wemyfs; dapted for the feeding and rearing of Balincrief, the feat of Lord Elibank 5 iheep, of which innumerable flocks Salton-hall, the feat of General Fletare annually reared. The county is cher ; OrmiJ}oun-ha.ll, a feat of the interfered with numerous ftreams of Earl of Hopetoun ; Wbittingham, the clear water, none of which deferve the feat of Hay of Drummelzier ; Dname of river, except the Tyne, which glafs, the feat of Sir James Hall, Bafalls into the German ocean, half way ronet ; Lochend, of Sir Peter War-

as Tranent, Pre/Dirleton, Sec. In

betwixt the towns of North Berwick Befides the farming, and Dunbar. which is the great fupport of the county, the inhabitants on the fea coaft employ themfelves in the fifhery, ialt-making, foreign trade, and the exportation of the fuperabundant corn. In the inland parts, feveral branches of the linen and woollen manufacture

render; and Gilmerton, of Sir G. Kinloch befides which, Mr. Hamilton of Ninevar, Mr. Hay of Belton, Mr. Anderfon of Winterfield, Mr. Buchan Hepburn of Smeaton, Mr. Niibet of Dirleton, and many others, poflefs elegant feats. Haddingtonfhire abounds with excellent coal, freeftone,
:

and limeftone
in the parifh

ironftone

is

alfo

found

have been eftablifhed, and are

likely

to turn to good account. At Preftonpans a great manufacture of oil of

of Humbie ; and near Stenton is the appearance of an ore of lead. Belonging to this county arc

HAD
the iflands of Bafs and Fiddrie
;

HAD
(vide
tions.

Bass

an<l

Fiddrie.)

The whole coun-

ty is divided into 24 parochial diftricts, containing in all 28,966 inhabitants. The valued rent, as ftated in the county books, is 168,878b 5s. lod. Scots, and the real rent is eftimated at

about 86,960b

fterling.

HADDINGTON; a royal borough,

and county town of that diftrict of Lothian to which it gives its name. It lies about 17 miles E. from Edinburgh, and is the firft ftage from thence on the London road it is a neat well built town, iituated on the river Tyne:
;

Haddington has flittered frequently from fire, and from inundations of the Tyne, which, in 1775, rofe 17 feet perpendicular above its ufual level, and laid one half of the town under water. On the oppofite fide of the Tyne, about a mile eaftward from the town, are the ruins of a nunnery, founded by Ada mother of Malcolm IV. in 78, from which the fuburb called Nungaie receives its

name

it

confilts of 4 ftreets, interfering each other at nearly right angles ; having a neat town-houfe, built after a defign of the late Mr. Adams, in 1748, and a

large and

commodious

fchool,

with

lodgings for the matters, and excellent accommodation for boarders. The pari lb church is a large and venerable ftructure ; it was formerly the church of the Francifcan monaftery, and from the ftyle of architecture, appears to have been built about the 12th or 13th century. Only the W. end is occupied by the church the remainder is completely in ruins. In the aifle is the burying-place of the family of Maitland, who, for many ages, poffeffed the eftate of Leithington, now the property of Lord Elantyre, There are feveral marble ftatues of the Dukes of Lauderdale, as large as life, lying on beds of flate and the monument of John Maitland, Baron of Thirlftane, Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, is graced by an epitaph compofed by his royal matter James VI. The town has alio a fine fmall chapel for the Epifcopal communion, built by private fubfeription, at the expence of nearly ioool. Haddington is undoubtedly a burgh of great antiquity ; for, in a charter from Ada, widow of Prince Henry, mother of Malcolm IV. and William the Lion, Kings of Scotland, dated 1178, fhe ftyles \tmeum burgum de Haddington. It is governed by a provoft, 3 bailies, a dean of guild, treasurer, and 12 counfellors, and has 7 incorporated trades ; it has a vote in electing a member of parliament, with the other towns in the fame county, and in the fhires of Roxburgh and Berwick. ; its revenue is nearly 400I. fterling per annum. In former times it was ftrongly fortified, and there are feveral remains of the ancient fortifica; ;

it is connected with the town ; by a bridge of 3 arches, and contains about 500 inhabitants. In the town and fuburbs, a confiderable manufacture of coarfe woollen cloth is carried on ; a manufactory of fine woollens was attempted, but was unfuccesful. There are two annual well attended fairs, and a weekly market is held on Friday, reckoned the greateft in Scot-

land, for all forts of grain. Haddington gives title of Earl to a branch of the Hamilton family. It contains, with

fuburbs, Nungate and G'/ffordgate, nearly 3000 inhabitants. The parifh of Haddington extends about fix miles from E. to W. and the fame length from N. to S. containing 12,000 acres of land : towards the W. where the parifh borders with Gladfmuir, the foil is exceedingly fearren and unproAbout 1000 acres, which ductive. formerly belonged to the burgh as a commonty, has been purchafed by Mr. Buchan of Letham, who has planted it with oak, fir, birch, &c. which are in general in a thriving condition. Except this diftrict, the whole of the parifh is arable, in general well enclofed, and in a high ftate of cultivation. There are feveral beautiful feats the moft remarkable of which is Atnisfield, the feat of the Earl of Wemyfs in the gallery are many fine paintings ;
its

in particular,

na" by

" Vertumnw and PomoRubens, for which the proprietor has refufed 800 guineas the
:

beautiful feats of Leithington, Steven\j9one, Adderjlone, Clerkington, and Letham, are in the immediate vicinity of the town. John Knox, the father of the reformation in Scotland, was a native of Haddington, and the houfe
!

where he was born

is ftill

(hewn. Po-

pulation in 1791, 3915. a fmall town in Aberdeenfhire, 9 miles N. N. E. from Invcrury. From it the Earls of Aberdeen take their fecond title of Lord Iiaddo.

HADDO;

HAM
HALKIRK
;

H
|
I

A.M

county town-houfe and prifon, and commof Caithnefs. It extends 24 miles in dious buildings for the market places. length, and the breadth varies from 7 The parifh church is a handfome buildto 12. The foil is in general good, ing, fituated on the rifing ground aconfifting in ibme parts of a clay or bove the town, built after a defign of in others the elder Adams. There are two loam, mixed with mofs gravelly, on a cold rocky bottom. hoipitals for the reception of 12 old The furface is flat for, though there men, endowed by the family of Haare feveral hills or riling grounds, they milton, and Mr. Aikman. It is unare of inconfiderable height, and al- certain when the town was built, but ways Hope gently from their fummit it appears to have been erected into a to the adjacent plains. A confider- burgh of barony in 1456. In 1548, it able number of fheep are annually was erected by Queen Mary into a reared, but the greateft attention is royal borough ; but, the rights and paid to the raiiing of oats and bear. privileges, thus acquired from the A great part, however, is ftill wafte, crown, were refigned into the hands of uncultivated, and covered with lakes William Duke of Hamilton, after the and fwamps. There are altogether reformation; who, in 1670, reftored 24 large and fmall lochs, the largeft to the community its former poffefof which, Loch Gathel, is 3 miles long, fions, and erected it into a burgh of and 1 broad. The parifh is fituated regality, dependent on them and their nearly in the center of the county, fucceffors ; in which ftate it ftill reand its lakes give rife to numerous mains. The refidence of the family of ftreams, amongft which are the rivers Hamilton neceffarily renders it a gay of Thurfa and Forfe. There is great place indeed, its races are amongft abundance of limefione and marl ; of the beft attended of the weft of Scota parifh in the
; ; :

late,

argillaceous ftones, having impreffions of fifh and plants, have been found : fpecimens of ironftone and lead

land.

confiderable trade

is

carried

on in the manufacture of cabinet work, and the making of fhoes ; in which laft, ore are alfo to be met with. Of anti- about T20 hands are conftantly emThe women have been long quities, the caftle of Braal claims the ployed. famous for the Spinning of linen yarn firft place ; it is one of the fineft places in Caithnefs, and of the ftrongeft maf- and a manufacture of thread lace has five construction, having been one of been long eftablifhed ; but, from the the feats of the Harolds Earls of Caith- fluctuation of fafnion, that has fallen It contains about 4000 nefs. The caftles of Dirlet, Lochmore, into difufe. and Ancbna-oern, are alfo ancient edi- inhabitants. Hamilton-houjh or palace forms three fides of a quadrangle, and Population in 1791, 3180. fices. Halladale, or Hollodale; a ri- appears to have been built at very difver in Caithnefs and Sutherland. Vide ferent periods feveral of the rooms
:

Hollodale.
;

are very large, particularly the gallery,

HAMILTON a con fiderable town which contains a good collection of and parifh in the county of Lanark. pictures, decidedly the beft in Scotof thefe, " Daniel in the Lions It is a qandfome, though irregularly land built town, and chiefly noted fcr the Den," by Rubens, is one of the fineft
:

palace of Hamilton, the refidence of the Duke of that name. This palace was originally built in the middle of the town, which flood, clustering around it ; but the lower part being gradually pirrchafed by the Hamilton family, for the extenfion and improvement of their pleafare grounds, the town has fince Stretched to the S. and W. and left the palace detached, (landing below. The prefent Situation of the town is along the bottom of a riling ground, extending nearly a mile in length, near the confluence of the Avon with the Clyde. It has a neat

productions of that matter there is alfo a fine painting of Lord Denbigh going a hunting, and the marriage in an adjoinfeaft, by Paul Veronefe ing clofet is a marble Statue of Venus .Genetrix, dug from the ruins of the Herculaneum, and purchafed by the late Duke, when on his travels. In the middle of the great park, about a mile from the town, and on a rock overhanging the W. bank of the Avon, (land the ruinous remains of CadzowcaJUe, the ancient manor-houfe, when the circumjacent diftridt was known by the name of Cadzow. Oppofite to
: :

HA M
thefe ruins,

HAR
by which the energy of the fanner is diminilhed. Coal is found in every part, and is wrought in feveral places in the neighbourhood of the town limeftone abounds in the upper part of the pariih, and in one place it has been wrought for upwards of a century paft in the lime works are found petrified bivalvular and Ipiral fea ihells in great variety ; and, in a bed of clay
:

Avon,

on the other fide of the a fhewy building, in imitation of ruin, planned by the elder
is

Adams, and executed

Duke
the

in 1730 by the of Hamilton ; faid to have been a reprefentation of the caftle of Cha-

telherault in

Normandy, from which Dukes of Hamilton have the title

of Duke of Chatelherault in France. In the park are fome of the ftatelieft oaks in Scotland. Within the laft century, the number of thele trees has gradually diminilhed, many having fallen through decay of age fome, however, ftill remain, which meafure Upwards of 27 feet in girth. The park is well flocked with fallow deer. A little below Cadzow, on the fame fide of the Avon, is Barncluitb, or rather the remains of it ; it is much reforted to by ftrangers, for the fine profpecl it commands of the fine wooded banks of the Anion, and the fertile vales on the banks of the Clyde ; it was formerly a villa, built in the Dutch tafte, by one of the family of Hamilton of Pencaithland, and ornamented with trimmed walks, with fantaftical evergreens, and terraces with pavilions, and 3. jet d'eau, in the molt favourable points of observation* The parilh of Hamilton is of a fquare form, about 6 miles in length, and the fame in breadth, fituated in the center of the middle ward of the county of Lanark. It is watered by the Clyde and Avon, over each of which there are 3 bridges. On the banks of the
:

above the lime, many of thefe are found, which are fo fmall, as fcarcely to be difcerned without the aid of a microfcope in this clay are frequently found fine fpecimens of fileceous petrifactions of wood, fo hard as to ftrike fire with fteel, and, at the fame
:

time, the component parts fo well preferved, that the bark and veins of the wood can be eafily diftinguifned i freeftone and ironftone abound, and many fprings contain iron in folution. There are feveral beds of Jieatifes, or rock foap, and clay of the fineft kind, fit for the making of earthen ware : feveral fprings contain calcareous earth in folution, giving them a petrifying property. The late Dr. William Cullen, a phyfician " omni prceconio major" was born here, and received the firft rudiments of his education in the town here alfo he practifed for fome time as a furgeon, till called forth to the high ftation of teacher of medicine in the univerfity of Edinburgh, of which he was the chief ornament.
:

The

late

Mr. John Millar

alfo,

feffbr of law* in the univerfity

prOof Glaf-

eXtenfive meadows and a rich fertile foil ; the ground rifes gradually to the S. the higheft parts are about 600 feet above the level of the fea, but with-

Clyde

lie

holms, with

gow, and author of feveral excellent historical works, was a native of this
pariftu
in 1790, 5017. a fmall ifland on the coaft of the county of Sutherland, feparated from the mainland by a narrow found. It is a mile fquare, affording excellent pafture for a few fheep ; towards the N. one perpendicular rock of 80 or 100 fathoms prefents its face to the fea ; the S. is lower, and the afcent is gentle and eafy ; it is the

W.

Population
;

HANDA

Wj

out forming any hills, or becoming remarkably uneven ; the land is all arable, except the fteep banks of the Avon, fome fwampy meadows, and thofe parts which are itili covered with natural wood and plantations
;

the extent of which

is

confiderable,
lately
foil is

though many acres have been

converted into corn
in general
fertile
;

fields.

The

good but, upon the whole,

this parifn is rather a beautiful

than a country, and cultivation has been more fuccefsful in beautifying the fcenery, than in multiplying the annual produce this appears to be produced by the extravagant height to which the rents have been railed,
:

property of Lord Reay, who rents it at about 12I. per annum. HARRAY; a pariih in the ifland of Pomona, in Orkney, united to the pariih

of Birfay ; it is 6 miles long, and of irregular breadth, containing about 30 fquare miles ; it is interfered by

many
hills,

rivulets

defcending from the

foil

which renders the

fwampy,

and

liable to

be deluged with the tor-

Dd

II

AR
&M&

H AR
in confequence of the try produces high prices fome years ago, and the encouragement held out to convert all the fea ware into kelp, the manufacture has been carried to great length, to the detriment of the corns and pastures, which have degenerated much, through want of the manure formerly afforded by the fhores all that is ufed for that p'tirpofe, being what is caij afhore after the kelp-making feafon is paft. On the mainland of Harris there are many monuments of druidifm, anci feveral religious edifices, erected about the time of the introduction of Chriftianity into the Scottilh and Pictifli nations. The churches, together with the fmaller chapels, all feera to have depended immediately on the monastery at Rowdill, dedicated to St. Clement, which, though its foundation be unto King David I. is ge[ attributed nerally fuppofed to be of more ancient date. The different branches of the family of M'Cleod of M'Cleod, and of Harris, are proprietors of the ifland. The mountains, without doubt, contain many valuable foffils ; but no mineral of value, except fome iron and copper ore, has been difcovered: granite and freeftone abound in every part. In 1793, the number of the inhabitants of the whole district amounted to 2536, of which about 1000 may be fuppofed to have inhabited the ifles. Harris (Sound of) ; a navigable channel between the iflands of Harris and North Uift, 9 miles in length, and 9 in breadth. It is the only paffage for veffels of burden, pafiing from the E. to the W. fide of that long clufter of iflands called the Long Ifland. It is much encumbered with rocks and fmall iflets but, with a fkilful pilot, can be paffed in Safety. The fifh in this ftrait are of a greater fize, and more numerous, than other parts of the
:
;
I

rents ; the furface is flat, and the foil partly fertile, and partly barren ; it contained in 1793, 663 inhabitants. HARRIES, or HARRIS ; a of the Hebrides, comprehending the fouthern part of Lewis, and the fmall iflands which Surround it, of which Berne ray, Calllgray, Enfay,Pabbav, Taranfay, Scalpay, and Scarp, only are inhabited ; befides a vaft number of pafture and kelp ifles, holms and high rocks, which are alfo diftinguifhed by particular names. The mainland of
is Separated from Lewis by a narrow ifthmus of about 6 miles, formed by approximation of the two great harbours, Loch Refort and Loch SeaThe whole length, from the fort h. iflhmus to the fouthern end of Harris, where the fea feparates it from North

Harris

rent in neap tides paffes all day from Kelp is E. to W. and all night in a contrary the ftaple, and, excepting the few cows direction after the vernal equinox, it fold to the drovers, the only valuable changes this courfe, going all day from article of exportation which the coun- W. to E. and the contrary at night;
itfelf

lit/?, may be eftimated at 25 or 26 miles; its breadth is extremely various, interfered by feveral arms of" the fea, but it generally extends from 6 to 8 miles. Karris is again naturally divided into two districts, by two arms of the fea, called Eaft and Weft Loch Tarbert, which approach to one another, leaving an ifthmus of not moi-e than a quarter of a mile in breadth. The northern district, between Tarbert and Lewis, is termed the Foreft, though without a tree or fhurb, becaufe it is the rtfort of the deer, and is alleged to have been a royal foreft ; its furface is exceedingly mountainous, the tops rifing in the rougheft and moft broken appearance, into the forms of peaks, protuberances, and craggy rocks : the valleys contain fome pafturage ; and fome coarfe grafs is found growing in the interftices of the mountains. Along the eaftern and weftern Shores, there are a number of creeks or inlets of the fea, moft of them commodious harbours, at each of which a colony of tenants contrive, by a wonderful exertion of induftry, to raife crops from a foil of the moft forbidding afpect. The furface of the ground S. of Tarbert is much of the fame appearance as the northern diftrict, but the hills are not fo elevated, and the coaits are better adapted for culture, and confequently better peopled. Upon the whole, the country of Harris fupplies
'

iflands, and

on this account it was made

one of the

fifhing ftations,

begun

in

the

reign of Charles I. remarkable variation of the currents happens in this

found, as ftated by Mr. M'Cleod, the miniller of Harris, in his Statiftical " From the autumnal to the report. vernal equinox," fays he, " the cur-

abundantly with grain.

II

W
viof,
;

ll

current correfponds iet fpring tides the tfeafTy to the common couiTe." Hartfelj a mountain in the pariih or* Moffat, in Dumfrieslbire, noted tor the mineral fpring called the Hurtfel Spain. The i'ummit of the mountain 'was found, by actual meafurement by Dr. Walker of Edinburgh, to be 3000 feet above the level of the village of Moffat, or 3300 above the The fpring is found level of the fea. at the bafeof the mountain, in a deep and narrow linn or ravine, the fides of which are laid bare to the very top, and form a very interefting object to the mineralogift, as all the fixata are diftinctly feen. The afcent up the ravine is difficult, and a brook tumbles down it, forming ibme very pretty cascades ; the water of it contains great quantities of fulphat of iron, which is copioufly depolited in the form of
ochre. The mountain abounds with ironftone of a rich quality, and there are feveral appearances of lead and

and is well built. It is a burgfa of barony, independent of the Lord of erection and appears to have exifted free from a very early period: but the rights and documents of the burgh being either lo'ft or deflroycd during the inroads of the Englifh borderers, a charter was granted in 15 45, by James

copper; but, though feveral trials have been made, none of thefe minerals have been difcovered. By ananalyfis of the Spaw water by Dr. Garnett, it appears " that a wine gallon of it contains of fulphat of iron, 84 grains fulphat of alumine, 12 do. azotic gaz, 5 cubic inches ; together with 15 grains of oxide of iron, with which the fulphuric acid feems to be fuperfaturated, and which it gradually depofits on expofure to the air, and almofr. immediately when boiled."

HAVEN (EAST and WEST)

two

nfhing villages, about a mile diftant from each other, in the parifh of Panbride, in the county of Forfar. Both are the fole property of the Hon. Mr. Maule of Panmure. About 100 years ago, one of the Earls of Panmure indulged the idea of rendering the Eait Haven a place of trade, and intended to have built a harbour for the accommodation of the Chipping ; but, after the (tones were quarried for that purpofe, the defign was laid afide. The Eaft Ha-ven contains about 1 20 inhabitants, and the Weft Haven nearly 250.

MOUTH.
and

HAYMODTH.

Vide

EYE-

a confiderable town parifh in the county of Roxburgh. The town ftands at the confluence of the final! river Slitridge with the Te-

HAWICK;

HAYTON. VideAYTON.

Douglas Comes de Drumlanark, confirming to the burgeffes fuclv rights and lands as they formerly poffeffed. This charter was confirmed in toto by another, granted by Queen Mary, in May of the fame year. In confequence of thefe charters, the burgeffes elect their magistrates annually, viz. 2 bailies, and 2 representatives of each of the 7. incorporations, which, with 15 Handing counfellors elected for life, manage the affairs of the town. Hawick poffeffes all the immunities and privileges of a royal burgh, except that of fending members to parliament, The revenue drawn from the town's property, amounts to about 130I. per annum ; with which the magistrates have lately built a neat town-houfe, and brought water through the town in leaden pipes. There is a confiderable trade carried on in the manufacture of what are termed Scots carpets? and the (locking manufacture has been lately introduced : there is a weekly market, and 4 annual fairs ; and within thefe 10 years, a great tryjl has been eftablifhed for black cattle, in the monthof October. The parifh of Hawick is of confiderable extent, being nearly 16 miles long, and 4! broad. The general appearance is hilly ; but none of the hills are of remarkable fize, and all are green, and afford excellent fheep pafture the arable foil, which isinconfiderable compared with the pafturage, lies moft in the valleys, and is chiefly compofed of loam, gravel, and fand, in different proportions. There is an extenfive nurfery belonging to the Meff. Dickfons, containing all forts of fruit and foreign trees, flower plants, roots, and flowering fliurbs, naturalized in this country ; befides a great collection of exoIn fome feafons 50 men tic plants. are employed in the nurfery grounds; but, at an average, 30 or $$ men are employed the whole feafon. There are evident marks of feveral military Rations, both circular and rectangular ; and near the town is a Mote or
:

Ddz

HEL
f.a<iu, where, in ancient times, the baronial jurifdiction was exercifed. In 1792, the number of inhabitants was 2928, of which 2320 refided in the

HIG
the
Stane,

fummit is a cairn, called the Pyked, from which there is an extenfive

town.

H A WTH ORND EN; a romantic

fi-

proipect of Fife and Perthfhire as far as Dumbarton, the mouth of the Forth as far as North Berwick, and terminated on the S. by the Eildon and

tuation in Mid-Lothian, celebrated for Cheviot hills. its natural caves, the refidence of HELL'S SKERRIES ; a clufter of Drummond the poet and hiftorian. fmall ifiands of the Hebrides, about Vide Lasswade parifh. 10 miles W. from the ifland of Rum : HEBUD7E, 2E- they are fo named from the violent BUDiE, or the ISLES; current which runs through them, and are the feveral names of the clufter qf to diltinguifh them from the Skerries ifiands which lie to the W. qf the in the Pentland Frith. mainland of Scotland, in the DeucaleHelmsdale; a river of Suther-? donianfea, extending from the north- landfhire. It takes its rife from feveera extremity, or Butt of Lewis, in ral lakes in the parifh of Kildonan ; 5 8 35' N. latitude, to the fmall ifland and, taking a S. eafterly direction, runs of Sanday, qn the coaft of Kintyre, in about 20 miles through that parifh and 55 22' of the fame latitude; though that of Loth, and falls into the Gerby fome geographers the ifle of Mann, man ocean about 3 miles S. of the Ord in the Irifh fea, is confidered as one or S. point of Caithnefs ; it abounds of the clufter. It comprehends feve- with falmon, the fiihing of which is ral large ifiands, which are divided a- rented by a company in London, at mongit the different (hires, on the 133I. fterling of annual rent. It is calweftern coaft of the kingdom of led in the Gaelic, Abhin High, or At thefe the chief are Lewis, and its vonuillie. fmaller ifiands, belonging to the dis; a fmall ifland on the trict of Rofsfhire ; Harris, North W. coaft of Sutherland. tJtsT, Benbecula, South' Uist, a parifli in Edinburgh; Skye, Barra, Eiqg, and the fmaller fhire, about 10 miles in length, and 6 neighbouring ifiands, attached to In- in breadth. Towards the N. E. the yernefsihire ; and Rum, Muck, Can- furface is level ; and, on the banks of na, Call, Tyrie, Mull, Lismore, the Gala and Heriot waters, there are Staffa, Luing, Scarba, Colon- fome fertile meadows, but the general

HEBRIDES,

WESTERN

HENDER
HERIOT

say, Qrans'ay, Jura, Isla, Gigha, appearance is hilly, inclining to mounSec. belong to the (hire of Ar- tainous thefe are covered with heath, gyll. To thefe we may add thofe interfperfed with patches of grafs, ifiands which lie in the Frith of Clyde, which afford excellent fheep pafture. to the eaftward of the peninfula of There are the remains of feveral an*

Cara,

Kintyre,

viz. the ifles of

By te, Ar-

cient fortifications, generally of a cir-

RAN, Ca.mbra.ys (Greater and LeJferJ, cular form, and a huge cairn of ftones, and Inchmarnock, which form the about 70 or 80 feet in diameter. Poihire of Bute. The whole number of pulation in 1794, 300. the Hebrides are about 300, and calHERMATRA one of the uninhaculated to contain about 50,000 inha- bited Harris ifiands, where a fifhing bitants. See the defcription of each ftation was eftabiiihed by Charles I. Hermitage a fmall river in the Hand, and the articles Highlands parifh qf Caftletown, in Roxburghand Western Islands.
; ;

HEISKER ; a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, lying about 2 leagues weftward of North Uift_, It is nearly 2 miles in length, but very narrow : the foil is fahdy, yields very little grafs, and is only valuable for its kelp fhores, and a fmall quantity of grain it produces.

It runs through a fertile valley 10 miles in length, and falls into the Liddal near the Engliih border. : one of the greater diviflons of Scotland, applied to the mountainous part of the country to the N. and N. in contradiftinction to the Lowlands, which occupy the

shire.

HIGHLANDS

W.

Hell's Cleugh
rifh
['ret

E. and S. E. diftrict. The Weftern ; a hill in the paof Kirkurd, in Peebles-fhire, 2100 Ifles are alfo comprehended in the above the level of the fea. On Highland diftrict. The Highlands arc

HIG
generally fubdivided into two parts the Weft Higblands,nnd the North Highlands ; the former of which contains the (hires of Dumbarton, Bute, part of Perth and Argyll, with the illands belonging to them ; and the latter comprehending the counties of Invernefs, Rofs, Sutherland, the diftricts of At hoi, Rarmoch, and the ifles of She, Lewis, and others, belonging to Jn-vernefs and Rofs : Braidalbin, Marr, and Monteith, forming a third or central divifion. The extent of this great diftrict, from Dumbarton to the borders of Caitbnefs, is npwardsof 200 miles, and its breadth varies from 80 to 100. The whole of this diftrict is wild, rugged, and mountainous in the higheft degree : many of the mountains are elevated to a great height, while the vales at their
bafe,

each fide are aqueducts andfide drains, that preferve them from the injuries of violent rains, fo frequent among
the mountains. Wherever the hills permit, they run in ftraight lines, notwithstanding the rocks and bogs which often interpofed. The huge ftones, which were raifed out of the ground by means of engines, are Set up by the road tide, to ferve as guides in deep fnows ; and, at every 5 meafured miles, are pillars, to inform the traveller how far he has proceeded. The roads enter the mountains at 3 different parts of the low country ; one at Crieff, 24 miles N. of Stirling ; another at Dunkeld, 12 miles N. of Perth ; and the laft goes along the fide of Loch Lomond in Dumbartonfhire, by Lufs. The General met with almoft iniurmour.table difficulties in the profecution of the work, but, at length, had the fatisfaction to fee them completed. Since that period, the military roads have been farther extending, opening a ready communication with every part of the country. In this diftrict the feudal fyftem long continued, and, until the year 1748, when heritable jurisdictions were finally aboliihed, every baron might be faid to have the power of life and death over his vaffals ; ( vide Ar.gyllship.e.) The inhabitants of the Highlands, as well as of the Weftern Ifles, are a branch of the ancient CELT^:,and are undoubtedly the defcendents of the firft inhabitants of Britain, as appears from the remains of the language ftill retained in the moft ancient names of places in every part of the if! and. The Highlanders, or, as they are generally termed by their ancient authors, the Caledonians, were always a brave, warlike, and hardy race of people, and, in the remoteft times, feem to have poffeffed a degree of refinement on Sentiments and manners, then unknown to the furrounding nations. This appears not only from their own traditions and poems, but alfo from the teftimony of many ancient authors.

for

many months,

never have

the light of the fun. Thefe vales are generally occupied by lakes, or the precipitous rivers which pour in torrents from them. The great rivers of the country have their rife amongft thefe wilds, defcending to the ocean with great rapidity : the Toy, the Spey, and the Forth, the three great rivers, are formed from the junction of the numerous ftreams from the hills. Until the beginning of the laft century, no regular roads and bridges had been made in the Highlands ; and the entries from the Lowlands were often impafTable for the greater part of the year hence, the inhabitants being prevented

from commerce, and acquaintance with the more cultivated part of the country, were likely to continue for ever attached to the ancient cuftoms and manners, unlefs fome expedients were found to introduce trade and induftry amongft them. To produce this dehrable effect, General Wade, in 1724, being ordered by a commiffidn from George I. travelled over the moft difficult and dangerous paffes of the mountains, and, in his progrefs, projected the bold undertaking of making Smooth and fpacious roads in that confufed and rugged diftrict. In 1726, he began the work, which he completed in 1737; employing therein only 500 foldiers in the fummer feafon, under proper officers. Thefe roads, as constructed by Gen. Wade, were 250 miles in length, and from 20 to 25 yards in breadth, fit for wheel
carriages, or a train of artillery: along

This

civilization

was probably owing

to the religious order of the Bards or Druids ; of the temples of which order there are remains in every part of the diftrict. Before the reign of Fingal, one of their kings, who lived about the middle of the fecond century, the inhabitants feem to have livecj

HI G
chiefly in a hunting ftate, andin aftate of

HIG
except the
feudal attachment and clanShip, which gave too much fcope and power to their predatory incuriions. But, fince the abolition of the feudal fyftem, and the regular eftablifhment of the laws, by which fafety and property is fecured to the vaSSal, the genius of the people begins to fhine forth in its genuine colours, decorated with the luftre of their ancient
virtues.
fity,

warfare with the furrounding powers, particularly with the lungs of Locblin

(iuppofed Denmark), and of Iniflere (fuppofed Orkney), the petty kings of Ireland, and the Roman invaders, ^Specially under Caracalla, ftyled by Oflian, the fon of the king of the world. After the reign of Fingal, they turned their attention to the paftoral
life,

as affording a lefs precarious fub;

Juftice, hofpitality, genero-

but, till of late, neither in the practice of hufbandry, nor the mafiftence

nagement of cattle, had they made great progrefs towards improvement. About this period alfo, they were named the Picts, either from thenhabit of painting their bodies, or, as a term of reproach, applied to them by the Romans, " Piffief," in the Gaelic fignifying pilferers or plunderers, a name which, from their frequent incurlions into the Roman provinces, they perhaps deferved. This nation always had a king, and the feat of the government was fucceffively at Beregonium, jtbermtby, Dunkeld, Forteviot, and Invemefs. In 845, however, Kenneth II. having Subdued the Pictifh kingdom, deprived it of its independence and of its government. The event proved unfortunate for the virtues of the Highlanders, which, from this period, began to decline. The country, no longer awed by the prefenee of the fovereign, fell intoanarchy the chieftains extended their authority, began to form factions, and to foment divifions, and hoftile feuds between contending clans ; the laws were either too feeble to bind them, or they were too remote from the feat of government to be reftrained from their exceffes, without a ftrong military powHence fprung thofe evils which er. long difgraced the country, and disturbed the peace of its inhabitants. Robbery or plunder, provided it was practifed on another clan, was countenanced, and the robber protected : the reprifals of the other clan increafed the feud, and the quarrel was often handed from one generation to another, through many ages. Thus, the genius of the people was greatly altered, and, inftead of the heroes of Offian, celebrated for their exalted virtues, a lawlefs banditti made their appearance, diverted of honour, of eyery characteristic of their ancestors,

honefty, benevolence, and friendfhip, are no where more cultivated than in the Highlands of Scotland.

The

Caledonians have always been addicted to poetry and muiic ; the poems of Offian, fo generally known, and fo highly efteemed by every Highlander, are a ftrong proof of the early proficiency in the poetical art. liven at this day, notwithstanding the many disadvantages they labour under, the molt illiterate of either fex diScover frequently a genius for poetry, which often breaks forth in the rnoft natural and Simple Strains, when love, grief, joy, or any other Subject of fong demands it. When their work is over, and when the weather does not permit the ufual labours of the field, efpecially in the long winter nights, they devote a portion of their time to the tale and the fong the former of thefe compositions is of the novel kind, compofed by the bards of ancient ages, and handed down by tradition. It was the office of the bards of ancient times to Smg the tales oS their own compoiition, and every chieStain had one of thefe to amufe his leiSure hours. Since the extinction of that order, the Gaelic poems and tales are, in a great meafure, loft or adulterated. The genius and character of the Gaelic poetry is well known tender, beautiful, fublime, and wild as the Scenes which it celebrated. The language of the Highlanders is ftill the Gaelic, which has been fecured to them by their mountains, and almoft impenetrable faftnefSes, amidft the many revolutions which have agitated the reft of the ifland, and produced the mixed, and varied language of the low country. The Gaelic was formerly highly attended to, and the cultivation of it in a particular manner belonged to the bards. To a ftranger, the Gaelic is harfh and
:

difagreeable,

from

its

numerous

qui-

HIG
cfcent confonants, and the guttural

II

1G

when thoroughfound to be highly graceful manner ; faftened round the exprefhve, containing a variety of in- middle by a belt, falling to the knees flexions ; to be harmonious, and its behind, and faftened by a broach or genius ftrong and mafculine ; yet, well filver pin to the top of the left fhoulder: In the this is often their only cover both fuited to tender exprefiions. times of Offian, the harp was the chief within doors, and when obliged to repronunciation
;

but,

tan, coniifting of ia or 13 yards of cloth wrapt round them in the moft

ly underftood,

it is

inftrument of mufic ; its fimplicity pofe in the fields. The iruis or tre-zvs, fuited the mildnefs of their manners, which are a fort of tartan pantaloons, and its wild notes were well adapted were only worn by the gentry, inftead to the poetical effufions of the bards. of the kilt. Sir John Sinclair has enIn a later period, when the quarrels deavoured to prove, that the trews of the chieftains embroiled them in a was the moft ancient drefs of the ftate of almoft conftant warfare, the Highlanders, and that the kilt was of harp yielded to the bagpipe, an inftru- comparatively modern introduction ; ment of the moft warlike kind ; which but his arguments are not fatisfactory. They generally affected to have their ftill continues to be the favourite inftrument. The greater part of the drefs of the colour of the heath on Highland muiic, especially the oldeft, which they repofed, probably from as fuited to the harp, is of the foft, a principle of fecurity in time of war, tender, and elegiac caft ; chiefly ex- or that the y might not be difcovered prefhve of the paffions of love or grief: while they lie in the heaths waiting many of the latter pieces are fprightly for their game. Their ancient arms, and cheerful, adapted to the region were the broad fword and target, of fancy and of feftivity : other pieces Lockaber axes, (now only ufed by the are of a martial nature, every note of town guard of Edinburgh,) and a dirk, (fhort dagger,) to which, bewhich is expreffive of rage or fury there is alfo a mixed fpecies of mufic, fore the act of parliament for difarmintended to commemorate fome great the Highlanders in 1748, the piftol, battle or conteft, where the elegiac, ftuck into the girdle, had been added. the martial, the mournful, and the The amufements of the Highlanders joyful, are united: but, of all thefe, are of a manly nature, every game bethe favourite of the Highlanders is that ing gained by a feat of dexterity or They have many fuperftifpecies called Strath/fey reels, generally ftrength. ufed in their dances. The drefs of tions, which, however, are faft wearing the Highlanders is different from that away with their ancient manners ; of of the other parts of the country, thefe, the belief of fairies is moft gebearing a great refemblance to that of neral, and there are not wanting who the ancient Romans, and is undoubt- point out the fpots edly more picturefque and beautiful " Where, fbll 'tis laid the fairy people meet than the formal, ftiff, clofe habit of Beneath each birken fhade, or mead, or the Englifh, and the Europeans in gehill. neral. It coniiits of a fhort jacket or There each trim lafs that skims the milky ftore coat, of tartan or woollen cloth, woven in fquares of various colours, in To the fwart tribes their creamy bowl al-

which red, green, blue, and black, are the chief. Thefei'-beg or kilt, is a fhort petticoat of the fame ftuff, reaching to the knee ; and the hofe, or lhort ftockings, are wove in diamonds of red and white, tied under the knee with garters, which are often beautiThey have genefully ornamented. rally a pouch, made of the fkin of a badger, fox, or other animal, hanging before, to keep their tobacco and money ; and this part of drefs is generally ornamented with filver buttons and taflels : their plaid is alfo of tar-

lots

By

night they

While

round the cottage door, jocund notes." Collins''s Odt. en the Superjlitlons of the Highlands.
ftp it

airy minfhels warble

In

places, the funeral dances are feftivals are regularly kept. The cottages are generally miferable habitations : they are built of round ftones, cemented with alternate layers of turf, thatched with fods, and fometimes with heath: thefe are fometimes, but not always, divided

many

kept up, and certain

by a wicker

partition into

two

apart-

HIG
ments,
cattle
in the fmalleft of which the and poultry lodge, and the other ferves as the fitting and fleeping room in the middle of of the whole family this room is a fire, over which is fufpended a hook, to fuftain the pot for cooking their victuals. There is frequently a hole in the roof, to let out
: ;

HOB
atmofphere, and a low and poor dielL The Highlanders are only beginning to" avail themfelves of their mines, their woods, their wool, and their fifheries; and there is every reafon to fuppofe, that by continuing their exertions with due encouragement from government, the Highlands will foon become one of the moft valuable diftricts of the Britiih ifles. The general character of the Highlanders is excellent they are quick and penetrating, anxious after knowledge, and exceedingly docile they are active, perfevering, induftrious, and economical : they are remarkably bold and adventurous, and are efteeraed the beft foldiers and failors' in the Britifh army and navy. They are generally of the middle fize, muf:

the fmoke but, as this is not directly over the fire, on account of the rain, very little of the fmoke finds its way to that aperture, but fpreads through the whole hut tothe door. "At home," fays Buchannan, " they lie on the ground, having under them fern or heath (covered with a flieet or blanket); the latter laid with the roots undernioit, fo that it is almoft equal to feathers for ibftnefs, but far more healthThey affect this hard way of cular, well made, and their joints are ful. fleeping ; and, if at any time, they well knit. Their countenance is open, come into other places of the country and, if we can ever truft the fcience where there is better accommodation, of phyiiognomy, the virtues of their they pull the coverings off their beds, life are well delineated in their counteand lie down upon them wrapped in nance. To this general character, no their plaids, left they mould be fpoiled doubt, there are numerous excepby this barbarous effeminacy, as they tions and many are to be found in Their food is as fimple as the Highlands, without a fingle linecall it." their manners, being chiefly oat meal, ament of the picture we have drawn. a village inRofsfhire, milk, occ. with a fheep or fhare of a mart at Chriftmas, which the pooreft in the parifh of Fearn. It is iituated cottager always endeavoursto procure, on the coaft of the Moray Frith, is a Before the introduction of fheep farm- good fiPiiing ftation, and contains uping, the inhabitants were at no lofs for wards of ioo inhabitants. HIRTA, or St. KILDA ; one of employment, but that practice which converted many fmall farms into one the Hebrides. Vide Kilda (St). KOBKIRK ; a parifh in the county extenfive fheep-vvalk, threw many families out of their ufual line of life, of Roxburgh. It is nearly of a rectanand forced them to emigrate ; in con- gular form, about 12 miles in length, fequence, many thoufands left their and 3 in breadth ; it is watered by native homes, and difpofing of their the river Rule, on the banks of which: all to procure a paffage to America, the foil is a deep fertile clay, in fome left their native country never to re- parts mixed with fmall gravel, which, turn : under the article Argyll- in floods, is brought down from the shirk we have already noticed the ef- higher grounds, and depofited on the At a diftance from fects of that practice. Thole who re- overflowed land. main, have, of late years, begun to ap- the river, the foil is thin and fandy, on ply themi'elves to learning, agricul- a cold till bottom, exceedingly unproHere the furface ture, and especially to commerce, for ductive and barren. which their country, indented with is mountainous, and the two hills of arms of the fea, and navigable lakes Wlnbrough and Fanna a:'e of coniiderand rivers, is peculiarly favourable. able elevation. The parifh aboundsCattle is the chief ftapie of the coun- with freeitone, and contains 3 exceltry ; but it produces grain fufficier.t lent limeftone quarries. On the eftate for the inhabitants, even allowing for of Mr. Elliot of Harrot, agates of ai the immenfe quantity u'fed in the ma- beautiful appearance are found. At nufacture of v/hiiky, of which fpirit Stobhall, the feat of the Elliots of Stubs, they are rather too fond ; perhaps, it in this parifh, was born the immortal may in fome meafure be neceffary to Elliot, Lord Heathtield, well knowncounteract the bad effects of a rcioift for his brave defence of the garrilba
;

HILTOWN;

HOL
of Gibraltar, againft the united force3 of Spain and France. Population in

HOU

higheft degree : " inftead of (hearing the fleece," fays Mr. Alifon in his ftatiftical report, " it is pulled off the 1 79 1, about 700. very fkin ; and, to undergo this cruel ; a parifh in the diftricT: of Annandale, Dumfriesfhire. Its ex- operation, they are hunted with dogs." tent in length is about 5 miles, and in Population in 1793} 702. Holme Sound; a beautiful frith breadth about i\ ; it is compofed of the united parifhes of Hoddam, Line, in the Orkneys, lying oppofite to the and Ecclesfechan, in which laft lies the parifh of Holme, leading from the

HODDAM

village of the

fame name, noted for

its

well attended fairs. The furface confifts partly of high, and partly of low ground, and of extenfive holms or meadows on the banks of the Annan, the Milk, and the Mein, which water the diftricT: : except a few acres of marfhy ground, the whole is arable, and in a rapid ftate of improvement, to which the great roads paffing through the parifh, from Edinburgh and Glafgow to the S. have greatly contributed. The vale in which Hoddam lies, is one of the moft delightful fpots in Annandale. The banks of the Annan are covered with a large wood of oak, afli, and birch trees, which renders the general appearance of the country exceedingly beautiful. On the hill of Burnfwark, are veftiges of Roman military works on the fides

German ocean to Stromnefs. It affords tolerable anchorage, further fheltered by the Lambholme, a fmall circular ifland in the middle, 3 miles in coaft circumference. On the N.

W.

there

and fumrnit, which command a moft exteniive view of Annandale and the
Englifh border. 1198.

Population in 1791,
;

a river which takes of Kildonan, in the county of Caithnefs and taking a northerly direction, falls into the Pentland Frith j or 6 miles S. E. of Strathyhead. It forms the boundary for feVeral miles, betwixt the counties of
its rife

Hollodale

in the parifh

Sutherland and Caithnefs.

Holm

is

name

applied to numer-

ous iflands of the Orkneys, Shetland, or Hebrides ; generally implying an ifland of no great extent, furrounded withperpendicularrocksofvaft height. The term is for the moft part joined John de Holywood, commonly called to fome other word, and is generally Johannes de Sacro Bofco, is faid to have the final fyllable ; as Lambhohi, Sheep- been born in this parifh. Population

a fmall pier, where veffels of 50 tons may unload their cargoes. ; a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, near the ifle of Mull. a parifh in the diftricT: of Nithfdale, in the county of Dumfries. It occupies the middle of a long and fpacious valley, extending about 10 miles in length, and on an average x\ in breadth ; it is bounded on the E. by the river Nitby and on the S. by the Cluden, which alfo interfects it in feveral places the furface is in general level, with a few rifing grounds at the northern extremity : the foil is moftly arable, and fertile ; and the few eminences, which are not under culture, produce excellent pafture. There are the remains of a druidical temple, about 80 yards in diameter, which appears in former times to have been furrounded with a wood of oak, fome of the roots of which ftill remain : there are alfo in the church-yard, veftiges of the old abbey of Holywood, faid to have been eftablifhed for the monks of the order of Premonjlre, foon after the inftitution of that order in the diocefe of Leon, in France, about the year it 20; which was fo named, becaufe, as the monks fay, the place of the abbey was " divina rcvelatione premonjlratwn"
is

HOLOM1N

HOLYWOOD;

holm, Granfeyholm, &c. in 1793, 736. Houna ; a Cape on the coaft of ; a parifh on the S. E. coaft of Pomona, in Orkney ; extending 9 Caithnefs, 2 miles W. from Dungijbaymiles in length, and 2 in breadth, a- bead ; longitude o 25' E. of Edinlong the found to which it gives its burgh, and latitude 5 8 33' N. name. The foil is a light thin loam, a parifh in Roxburghtolerably fertile, and producing more fhire, of an oval form, about 9! miles barley and oats than is fufficient for in length, and 6 in breadth. It borthe confumpt of the inhabitants- The ders on the S. with England, where fheep-farrning is barbarous in the the top of the Hounam Fell, a part of

HOLME

HOUNAM;

Ee

HOW.
HOY;

HUM

the Cheviot hills, is the march. The a considerable ifland of tile furface is hilly and mountainous, but Orkneys, lying S of the Mainland, the pafture is excellent ; and this pa- and W. from S. Ronaldfhay. It is rifh is noted for a particular breed about 9 or 10 miles long, and, in geof fheep, cilled the Kale-water breed, neral, is about 6 broad ; its furface h from a ftreana of that name which runs very hilly, and the mountains are fo through the middle of the diftrict. encumbered with huge rocks, as to The Roman road from Boroughbridge be almoft inacceffible ; and one of in Yorkfnire, towards the Lothians, thefe is calculated to be about a mile can be diftinctly traced in this parifh of perpendicular height above the level for 5 miles : there are the remains of of the Tea : The arable land is ill cala rectangular encampment on the furn- culated for cropping ; and, indeed, the mit'of Hounam Law, one of the higher! great employment of the inhabitants, of the border hills. Population in is the breeding and rearing of fheep. The dwarfic Jione, a remarkable relic 2791, 365. of antiquity, is in this ifland ; it mea; a fmall ifland in Shetland, united by a bridge to the ifland of fures 32 feet in length, 16^ in breadth, Barra. It lies in the parifh of Bref- and j\ in height, hollowed in the infide into feveral apartments. very laty, and contains nearly 150 inhabitants ; it is 3 miles long, and about rich ore of lead was difcovered here fome time ago, and a portion of it afhalf a mile broad. and KILLALLAN. fayed by Dr. Black of Edinburgh j Thefe united parifhes lie in the coun- and it appeared, that befides the lead, ty of Renfrew, and extend about 6 a ton of ore contained about 46 ozs miles in length, and 3 in breadth. The of filver. Population about 250. furface is confiderably broken with and GRiEMSAY; a parifh rocky eminences, which are fcantily in Orkney, comprehending the iflands covered with a coarfe benty grafs, fit of Hoy and Gr^msay. See thefe for fheep pafture : the low ground is articles. in general fertile, being partly loam, a parifh in the county ; and partly clay : an extenlive mofs of of Haddington. It forms nearly a many hundred acres occupies the fquare of 6 miles, interfered in two weftern diftrict. There is a neat vil- places by the parifhes of Fala and lage called Neiu-Houjlon, or He-iv's- Soutra. The furface is uneven, and town, built near the fite of the old vil- the high grounds are well adapted It contains for fheep pafture: attempts have been lage, of the fame name. about nearly 300 inhabitants, who are made to raife crops upon thofe parts chiefly employed in the cotton manu- where the foil is naturally good ; but, facture. An extenfive bleachfield is though fkill and induftry have occalately erected in the neighbourhood fionally fucceeded, the expence, exof the village. The manfion-houfes of pofure, and climate, point out pafturHoujton, the property of Mr. Fleming; age as the moft proper and profitable of Barocban, the feat of Mr. Boyd fyftem : in the low grounds the foil is and Elder/lie, the feat of Mr. Spiers ; various, and is generally cultivated are furrounded with considerable ex- with great attention aud ability. Atent of wood, both natural and plant- bout 300 acres are covered with oak ed. There is abundance of limeftone, and birch plantation, and the trees and feveral quarries of excellent free- are in a very thriving condition. The ftone. Befides the old caftle of Houf- parifh is watered by feveral fmall ton, which is an ancient fortification, rivulets, which contain a few trout, there are feveral remains of antiquity, and are fufficient to drive confiderable particularly feveral fepulchral monu- machinery. There is abundance of ments adjoining the church ; and in iron ore ; and many places indicate the neighbourhood are feveral cairns, the exiftenceof coal: one of the fprings which have been found to contain contains iron, and is impregnated ftone coffins enclofmg human bones ftrongly with the aerial acid. On the and allies. Population in 1790, 1034. S. W. border are the diftinct veftiges an Sound; a ftrait of the of a Roman military ftation, many of Orkneys, between the iflands of Eglif- the ftones of which have been lately bav and Roufay. carried off to build the manfion-houfs
-

HOUSE

HOUSTON

HOY

HUMBIE

How

HUN
Whiteburgb, the refidenee of one of] the chief proprietors near this camp were feveral tumult, one of which contained human bones, and a gold coin of the Emperor Trajan. The ruins of kcith-boufe, a feat of the Earls Marii'chai, deferve to be noticed, from the extent and elegance which they ftill exhibit. Population in 1791, 676. HUME; a village in the united pa<af
:

HUT
'many acres of
fine arable

many

of the

hills

land; and and eminences are

riihes of Stitchel

and Hume, in the county of Berwick, containing about 180 inhabitants* In the neighbourhood is the ancient caftle of Hume, formerly
the chief feat of the Earls of that name; it was for many ages a place of great Strength anddefencein the border wars, and frequently befieged by the Engit was furrendered to the Duke lifli of Somerfet in 1547, and retaken in 1549. It is reported that Oliver Crom;

covered with plantations of firs, oak,, elm, birch, &c. giving it a beautiful appearance, it is watered by the Bogie and Deveron, the banks of which prefent many beautiful and romantic fcenes. St. Mimgo'j bill, in the diftricb of Kinore, has the appearance of a volcano : on the fummit is a fmali lake, which is feldom dry, fuppottd to refemble the crater; and many pieces of hard and porous matter, fimilar to lava, or Hiefeoria of a frr.ith's forge, pieces of light are found about it fpongy ftone have alio been found. Upon the banks of the Deveron, near its junction with the Bogie, an attempt
:

was made to difcover

well,

at Haddington, fent a Simto the governor, Sir William Wattle, ordering him to furrender the caftle : the governor returned for anfer, that " he, Willie Wattle, ftood

when

mons

a lead mine ; and, after a confiderable fearch, feveral pieces of excellent plumbago or black lead, were only difcovered. There is a limeftone quarry, fome of the ftones of which approach to the nature of marble, and take a very high polifh. Population in 1793, eftimated at up-

: that all the dogs of town, fliould not drive Willie Wattle down ;" which feems to be the origin of the play amongft children. HUNTLY ; a confiderable town and pariih in Aberdeenfhire. The town is iituated on a dry and pleafant iituation, on the point of land formed by the confluence of the Bogie with the Deveron; it is neatly built, having

firm in his caftle

wards of 3600.

his

HUTTON
shire
;

a parifh in Berwick-

two principal ftreets eroding each other at right angles, and forming a ipacious fquare or market place, on one fide of which were formerly a
town-houfe and prifon,
liihed.

now demo-

increafed much of late years, and a confiderable manufacture of linen cloth has been carried on for fome time ; and it is likely to become one of the firft towns in the North, both in point of population and trade. Near it, on the banks of the Deveron, is the elegant refidenee of Huntly-lodge, the feat of the Marquis of Huntly, eldeft fon of the Duke of Gordon ; and, nigh to the bridge of Deveron, ftand the remains of Huntly* aijlle, a ruinous feat of that ancient and noble family. The parifh of Huntly is about 6 miles in length, and 4 in breadth, formed by the annexation of the parifhes of Dumbenan and Kinore. The furface is exceedingly j.ough and rocky, containing, however,

The town has

extends about 4 miles in length, and 3 in breadth ; its general appearance is level, with a deep loamy foil on the banks of the rivers, and with a more (hallow loam in the reft of the pariih ; it is bounded on the S. by the Tweed, and interfered by the Wbittadder, both of which contain excellent trout and falmon. The pariih, in 1790, contained about -920 inhabitants, of which 270 lived in the village of Paxton, and upwards of 280 in the village of Hutton. Population in 1801, 955. & CORRIE an united pariih in the county of Dumfries. It extends about 12 miles in length, and, on an average, about 3 in breadth, containing between 18,000 and 19,000 acres ; it is watered by the Milk, the

HUTTON

Drrfe, and the Carrie rivers; the banks of which exhibit various afpects. Near the Carrie there are many fertile fields and meadows ; while the other rivers

run through a wild and mountainous traft, covered with heath, and interfperfed with mofs. Lying in fuch a mountainous country, the chief object, of the farmer is the fheep pafturage,

and the raifmg of green crops

fufficient

for the fupport of their flocks during the feverity of winter. The ancient

tower of Lun has been

a place of grest

e z

HUT
ftrength in the border wars. tion in 1793, 583.

HY
Popula-

HY
KltL.

one of the names of I-coxmVide I-COLM-KILL.

ICO
hills
;

ICO

and on the W. fide it is rugged and rocky ; the whole forming a Ana pleafant vil- gular mixture of rocks and fertile ; JAMES' lage in the parifh of Wefterkirk, in ground. There is a fmall. mean village, Dumfriesfhire. It was built by the containing about 60 houfes, near a Mining Company in that diftricl, on fmall bay called the bay of Martyrs, the banks of the river Megget, to ac- where the illufti'ious dead were landed commodate the miners with comfort- for interment. This ifland furnilhes able habitations, at a moderate rent. many valuable minerals, particularly There is a public library, containing a beautiful yellow ferpentine and the fome hundred volumes, for the ufe of greater part of it lies upon limeftone, the miners, and a fchool, the mafter which, in fome places, appears in the of which has a falary of 10I. fterling form of beautiful white marble; in others, dove-coloured and, in fome, from the company. I-COLM-KILL, or I-COLUMB- fpotted with green and black fpots, KILL ; one of the Hebrides, lying to of a beautiful appearance. In the bay the W. of the ifland of Mull, from of Port-na-currach, where St.Columbus which it is feparated by a narrow chan- is faid to have landed, there are im~ nel, called the Sqund of /. It is a fmall, menfe numbers of beautiful pebbles, but celebrated ifland ; " once the lu- chiefly ferpentine, jafper, granite, mar-

Vide I-COLM-KILL.

TOWN

minary of the Caledonian regions," as Dr. Johnfon expreffes it : " whence favage clans and roving barbarians derived the benefits of knowledge, and the bleffings of religion." The venerable Bede, in his hiftory, calls it Hn ; but the proper name is I, founded like I fignifies an ifland ; ee in Englifh. and this, by way of eminence, is called the ifland. By monkifh writers it has been named Ion A, which, if derived from the Gaelic, fignifies " the ifland of waves," very charaderiftic of it in times of ftorm : others think Ion a derived from a Hebrew word, iignifying " a dove," in allufion to St. Columba, the founder of its monaftery and its fame. The name of Ion a is now quite loft in the country, and it is always termed /, except when the fpeaker wiihes to put an emphafis on the word, when it is termed I-

ble,
tos,

lapis

nephriticis,

nephritic

ajbef-

violet-coloured quartz, and porphyry. In the bay of Martyrs is found horn blende, green arid red jafper, with

fpecimens of zeolite. Mr. Rafpe found a fmall vein of coal, and, amongft fome rocks, an efflorefcence of copper, from which he conjectured that a mine of that metal might be difcovered on
the ifland. Near the ifland is a fmall ifle called the " IJle of Nuns," which is
entirely

compofed of fine
the

which

all

granite, with buildings, afterwards

mentioned, have been built. But the ifland of I-colm-kiti is chiefly interefting to the antiquarian, for the ruins of its ancient religious eilablifhments,

which point out

in ftriking contraft,

the prefent ftate and its condition, when it was the retreat of learning,

while Weftern Europe lay buried in ignorance and barbarity. When we. columb-kill. The ifland, which be- look on thefe venerable remains of belongs to the united parishes of Kil- ancient piety, we muft immediately finichen and Kilviceuen, in Mull, is call to mind the fentiments fo admir3 miles long, and from half a mile to ably exprefied by the poet a mile broad. On the E. fide it is " I do love thefe ancient ruins; in the middle it rifes into finall fiat We never tread upon them, but we fe^
;

ICO
upon fome reverend hiftory Our And, queftionlefs, here in thefe open courts, Which now lie naked to the injuries Of ftormy weather, fome men lie interr'd, Who lov'd the church fo well, and gave fo
foot
;

IC o
N.
fide,
is

a tombftone of black marble,

on which is a fine recumbent figure of the Abbot Macfingone, as large as life, with this infcription: -\- hic -f-jA-

largely to't,

They thought

it

fhould have canopied their

cet -j- Johannes Macfingone -f. Abbas de Ii -f- quiobiit, anno D, cu-

jus

bones Till doomfday.

end.

is the tombftone of Abbot Kenneth, executed in the fame manner on the floor is the figure of an armed knight, with an animal fprawling at his feet. On the right of the The religious edifices, of which the Cathedral, but contiguous to it, are ruins now only remain, were eftablifh- the remains of the College, fome of edby St. Columba, about the year the cloifters ftill vifible, and the com565, who left Ireland, his native coun- mon hall entire, with ftone feats for try, with the intention of preaching the difputants. A little to the N. of He landed the Cathedral, are the remains of the Chriftianity to the Picls. at J, which was called at that time Bifhop's houfe, and on the S. is a final! Inljh Druinijh, the ifland of the Druids chapel pretty entire, dedicated to St. and, having converted the Picufh mo- Oran. In this are many tombflones property of the the received narch, of marble, particularly of the great ifland, where he founded a cell for ca- Lords of the Ifles. S. of the chapel is till nons regular, who, 716, differed an enclofure, called Reilia Quran, " the from the church of Rome in the ob- burying-place of Oran," containing a fervance of Eafter, and the tonfure. great number of tombs, but fo over-

But

all

things have an

propicieivr altijfimus. Amen. Juft oppofite to this tomb, on the o-

ammo

ther fide,

Churches and cities, that have difeafes to men, Mufl have like death that we have."

like

diflodged the monks in 807, and the monaftery became depopulated for many years ; but, on the retreat of the Danes, the building received a new order, the Cluniacs, who continued there till the diffokjtion of monadic eftablifhments, when the revenues were united to the fee of Argyll ; and, on the abolition of epifcopacy, it became the property of the Duke. The ruins are much dilapidated ; but the generous care of the family of Argyll has raifed a ftrong wall round the chief parts of the building, to fecure it as much as

The Danes

grown with weeds,

as to render few of the inferiptions legible. In this en-* clofure lie the remains of 48 Scottiih kings, 4 kings of Ireland, 8 Norwe-. gian monarchs, and 1 king of France, who were ambitious of repofing on

holy ground, where they would not mix with vulgar dull there was and probably a likewife another, greater inducement, to prefer this place as the receptacle of their remains, viz. a belief in the ancient Gaelic prophecy, thus tranflated by Dr. Smith of Campbeltown
this
:

" Seven years before that awful day, poffible from mifchievous vifiters, and When time fhal! be no more, to prevent cattle getting through the watery deluge will o'erfweep ruins. The cathedral is 38 yards in Hibernian moffy fliore; length, and 8 in breadth ; and the The green-clad Ijla, too, shall fink, length of the tranfept 24 yards. The While, with the great and good, eaft window is a beautiful fpecimen Gohimba's happy isle will rear of Gothic workmanfhip ; the pillars Her towers above the flood." are all in different ftyle's of architecture, but their capitals are ornamented The following is the defcription of this with fcripture-pieces, of the moft gro- enclofure, given by Donald Monro, tefque figures. In the middle of the High Dean of the Ifles, who vifited cathedral rifes a to%ver 3 ftoreys high, it in 1549. " Within this ifle of Cofupported by 4 arches, and ornamented lumkill, there is ane fan&uary alfo, or with has reliefs. At the upper end of kjrkzaird, and weill biggit about with the chancel flood a large table or al- ftaine and lyme into this fanctuary tar, of pure white marble ; of which, there are 3 tombes of ftaine, formit like however, there are now no remains. little chapels, with ane braid gray jfcTear where ibis altar flood, gn the marble or quhin ftaine in the gavil of

IC o
ane of the tombes. In the ftaine of the ane tombe, there is wretten in Latin letters, Tumulus regum Scotia:, that is, the tombe ore grave of the Scots kings. In this tombe, according to our Scotts and Erifche cronickels, there laves 48 crowned Scotts kings, through the whilke this ifle has been richlie dotat by the Scotts kinges, as we have faide. The tombe on the ibuth fyde forfaid, has this infcription Tumulus regum Hybernia:, that is, the tombe of the Irland kinges for, we have in our auld Erifche crenickels, that ther is 4 Irland kinges eirdit in the fayde tombe. Upon the northe fyde of our Scotts tombe, the infcription bears Tumulus regum Norvegite, that is, the tombe of the kings of Norroway : in the whilk tombe, as we find in our ancient Erifche cronickels, ther layes 8 kinges of Norroway, &c. Within this fanctuary alio, layes the maift part of the Lords of the Ifies, with the lynage M'Kmnon, and M'Guare with their lynages^ with fundrie uthers, inhabitants of the hail ifles, becaufe this fanctuary was wont to be the fepulture of the beft men of the ifles, and als of our kinges, as we have faid : becaus it wes the maift honorilk
:

ICO
Auguftine order. Betwixt the Nunnery and the Cathedral, a broad paved way extends, called the Main-Jlreet, which is joined by two others, one from the bay of Port-nacurracb, and the other from the bay of Martyrs. In this way is an elegant crofs, called M'Lean's crofs, the only one remaining, according to Mr. Sackeveiel, of .360 which were demolished at the reformation : in the court of the cathedral alio, are two elegant erodes, dedicated to St. John ana St. Martin. Very near the cathedral is a cell, faid to be the burial place of St. Columba. The college jr monaftery of J was formerly pqfieffed of a luable library, which has been deft oyBoethius ;elL us, that ed or loft. Fergus II. who audited che GoLhs under Alaric, at the lacking of Rome ? brought away, as part of the plunder, acheft of MSS. which he prei'entedto this monaftery ; and, in forme'r times, the archives of Scotland, and valuable Ot tnefe, papers, were kept here. many, no doubt, were eftroyed at the reformation ; but many, it is laid, were carried to the Scots college of Douay, in France, and the Scots college at Rome ; and, it is hoped, that fome valuable papers may yet be disOther ruins of monaftic covered. buildings and druidical edifices can be traced ; and many places are pointed out, noted for particular ads of St. Columba, the legendsconcerningwhich are believed by the common ptople, who ftill follow many fuperftitious cuftoms. have been more particular in our defcription of the venerable remains of antiquity in this ifland, from the fame it has acquired, as the retreat of learning, during the Gothic ignorance which pervaded Europe, after the overthrow of the Roman empire, and as the feminary from whence ifiued thofe pious monks and laymen* who again revived learning,
St.

were of the

able and ancient place, that wes in Scotland in their days, as we reid." S. from the cathedral, and St. Oran's chapels, are the ruins of the Nunnery, the church of which is pretty entire, being 58 feet by 20 Gn the floor, which is thickly covered with cow dung, except at the E. end, which Mr. Pennant caufed to be cleared, and where the tomb of the laft priorefs is difcernible, though confiderably defaced. The figure is carved, praying to the Virgin Mary, with the addrefs under her feet: " Sancla Maria, ora pro me" and with this infcription round the ledge, in old Rritifti characters : " Hie
jacet

We

Domina Anna Donaldi

Ferleti filia,

quondam prioreJJ'ade Iona, quaobiit, ayino mo. do. ximo cujus animam (altiffimo) and propagated Chriftianity through commendamus ." There arefome other many kingdoms of Europe. The po-

the floor, but thefe are pulation of this fmall ifland, in 1 798, defaced. At the firft e- was 336; being an increafe of i from ftablifliment of the monaftery, the the year 1791, when the ftatiftical renunsrefided on a fmall ifle near I, ftill port was fent to Sir John Sinclair, called tlie Ifle of Nuns. Columba, at The ifland is the property of the length, relented fo far, as to allow Duke of Argyll. The parifh minithem this eftablifhment on the ifland, fter of Kilviceuen vifits it once a where they wore a white gown, and quarter, and this is all the religious over it a rocket of white linen : they iaftruclion the inhabitants receive;, a
in

monuments

very

much

JED
ftrange
reverie,

XL A
divine
fervice

that

mould be performed only 4 times in the year in a place where it was forme' ly performed as many times in the diy.
;

extent, being about 13 miles long, and in forne places not lei's than 6 or 7 broad : the greater part of the parilh
is hilly, and laid out in fheep farms, which are dry, and covered with-lux-

fefi

a river in Roxburghlhire.

It

uriant pafhire

the interjacent valleys,

pa- indeed, are fwampy and wet ; but thefe are of frtiall extent, and many of ri!:, pf Southdean, on the very bordand, running by the the marfhes have been drained : the ers of England ;hof Jedburgh, unites with arable land, which may be reckoned royal bo arid other rivers, and falls nearly a fifth part of the whole, lies the Tct into tlii- Tweed a few miles above on the banks of the Jed and Tev'iot, Kelfo ; it abounds with trout, parti- which water the parilh., and unite a cularly a fpecies of red trout, of ex- mile below the town of Jedburgh.
tak.-s its rife in Carter-hill, in the
,

tj

'

its courfe, which is ; nearly 3*0 miles, is through the fmeft part of the country of Scotland, and its banks every where exhibit the molt romantic fcenery : in many places they are lteep and rocky, with numerous artificial caves, which had been ufed as retreats from the incurfions of the Englifh invaders." ; a royal borough in the county of Roxburgh, delightfully lituated on the banks of the river Jed, and furrounded on every fide with It is a hills of confiderable height. burgh of very ancient erection, and appears to have been a place of note previous to the year 1165, from a charter from William the Lion King of Scotland, when he founded the abbey and monaftery of Jedburgh, or as it was then fometimes called, Jed-warth. It continued a place of confiderable trade ; and, early in laft century, was one of the molt important towns on the Englifh border: but, after the union of the two kingdoms, the trade of Jedburgh was in a great meafure ruined, and the population and fize of the town diminifhed in confequence : even at this time, although the woollen manufacture has conliderably revived here, as well as in the neigh-

quisite flavour

The
tile

arable

foil is

generally a light fer-

loam, and, in a few places, a mixture of clay and gravel. Formerly there was a great quantity of wood in the parilh, and a few of the old oaks, elms, &c. Hill remain. A great extent of plantation has lately been laid out; and, on the banks of the Jed in particular, in the line of road from Jed-

JEDBURGH

burgh to Northumberland.

The

hill

bouring towns of

Kelfo,

Hawick, and

Calajhieh, there are the remains of many uninhabited houfes. The town is governed by a provoft, 3 bailies, affifted by a felect council of the principal citizens ; it has feveral well attended fairs, and has a good weekly market for corn and cattle ; it is the feat of the circuit court, and the feat of a pi-efbytery. The neighbourhood of the town is noted for its orchards; the average annual value of the pears alone being eftimated at about 300I. The parifh of Jedburgh is of great

of Dunian, fituated partly in this parilh, and in that of Bedrule, is elevated 1024 feet above the level of the fea. There are two chalybeate mineral fprings, and a fulphureous one, highly efteemed in fcrophulous and fcorbutic cafes. The quarries afford abundance of excellent freeftone, but no other mineral of value has been difcovered : the. whole neighbourhood experiences the want of coal, the neareft pit being at Ryechejler, diftant 20 miles, on the Englifh border. The ruins of the abbey of Jedburgh are fituated on the point formed by the confluence of the Jed and Tevict ; and part of the old abbey church is ftill ufed as the parifh place of worfhip. Population in 1793, 3288 ; of which number upwards of 2000 refided in the town. ILA, ILAY, ISLA, or ISLAY; one of the Hebrides, lying to the S. W. of Jura, and in the county of Argyll. It is 28 miles long from N. to S. and 18 broad from E. to W. On the E. fide the furface is hilly, and covered with heath, but the greater part of the ifland is flat; and, where uncultivated, covered with a fine green fward. The coaft is rugged and rocky, but indented by numerous bays and harbours, which are fafe landing-places for fmall veffels ; and at Lochinda/e is a harbour for fhips of confiderable burden, with a quay, oppofite to the large village of Bowmore. There are feve-

ILA
and the ifland is well watered by numerous ftreams and rivers, which abound with trout and falmon. In the center of the ifland is Lccb Finlagan, about 3 miles in circuit, with the iflet of the fame name in the middle. There the M'Donalds, the great lords of the ifles, refided in all the pomp of royalty; but the palaces and
ra! lakes,

ILA
armed, and fought with fwords, and fometimes were armed as archers ; the latter, which fignifies a black, grim looking fellow, fought with fharp hatchets, or Lochaber axes. Thefe are
the troops alluded to by Shakfpeare, when he fpeaks of a Donald, who
"

From

the Weftern

Ifles,

Inftead of a throne, the chieftains ftood on a ftone 7 feet fquare, in which there was a hollow cut to receive their feet : here the chief was crowned, and anointed by the Bifhop of Argyll, and 7 inferior
priefts, in

offices are

now

in ruins.

Of Kernes and

GaUoiv-glnJfes

was Supplied.**

Befides the caftle on the ifland, thefe powerful lords had a houfe and chapel at Lagannon, on the fide of Lochin-dal ; a ftrong caftle, on a rock in the fea, at Bunonuakk, at the S. E. end

The ceremony
had collected

prefence of his chieftains. (after the new lord

his
:

was

kindred and vaflals) after putting on his armour, helmet, and fword, he took an oath to rule as his anceftors had done ; that was, to govern as a father would his children his people, in return, fwor6 that they would obey him, as children pay obedience
truly patriarchal
:

to the

commands

of a parent.

In
this

former times, the dominions of

potentate confifted of Ilia, Jura, Colonfay, Mull, Arran, &c. and the peninfula of Kintyre ufually lhared the fate of the ifles ; for we find, that in 1093, after one of the grants of the kings of Scotland, the lord of the ifles, to bring Kintyre within the compafs of the grant, had his barge drawn under fail over the ifthmus of Tarbert after which, considering his power, not even the Scottifh monarch was fo hardy as to deny that Kintyre was an About 1586, his dominions ifland. confiit?d only of Ifla, Jura, Kintyre, and Knapdale ; fo reduced were they from their former power, during the reign of James III. Near the ifland of Finiagar, is another little ifle, called Ilan-na-coriie, " the ifland of Council," where 13 judges conftantly fat to decide differences amongft the fubjects of the Macdonalds, and received for their trouble the eleventh part of the value of the contefted affair. In the firft ifland were buried the wives and children of the lords of the ifles ; but their own perfons were depofited in the more facred ground of lona On the fhores (vide I-colm-kill.) of Loch Flnlagan aie fome marks of the quarters of his Carnaueh, and Gilltthe glajjcsy the military of the ifles
;

of the ifland for, after their expulfion from the ifle of Mann, in 1304, they made this ifland their place of refidence; fometimes living at Dalreudbain in Kintyre, where the modern burgh of Campbeltown is fituated. There is a tradition, that even whilft the ifle of Mann was part of the kingdom of the Ifles, the rents and feus were paid in Hay; and this tradition ia rendered more probable, from the names of two rocks which lie oppofite to each other, at the bottom of a haiv bour on the S. fide of the ifland one
: :

rock

"

called Craig-a-neone, or the rock of the filver rent ;" the ois

Hill

ther Craig-a-nairgid, " the rock of the rent in kind." In every part of the ifland are fmall frefh water lakes, with
fortified iflets and feveral caverns, which have occafionally been ufed as places of ftrength and defence. The ifland was formerly divided into four"
;

pariihes, viz.

Kilchonan, Kildal-

ton, Killarrow, and Kilmeny ; but the two laft are now united. See
the account of thefe parifhes. The crops are principally bear and oats
but,

though thefe are uncommonly

a-

bundant, upwards of ioool. worth of grain are annually imported. This

is chiefly owing to the diftillation of whiiky, which is much praclifed here; this diftrict having the privilege of diftilling without being fubjeel to the Excife laws. Much flax is raifed here, for which the moift foil feems peculiarly adapted : about 2000I. or 3000I. worth is annually exported in Agriculture is in its coarfe yarn. rudeft ftate, although the country is bleft with the fineft manures, poffefling not only marl, fea weed, coral, and fliell fand in abundance, but alfo an extent of 36 fquare acres of excellent

want

firft,

Signifying a ftrong

man were light

?

IL A
timeftone,

IL A

which might be burnt to ad- ceives the effect of the malicious on vantage with the peat and turf, with any of her kine, fhe takes as much which the ifland abounds. Numbers milk as fhe can drain from the enof cattle are imported for feeding but it often happens that the paftures are overftocked, and in a fevere winAle is freter many die for want. quently made in this ifland from the young tops of heath, mixing two thirds of that plant with one of malt, fometimes adding hops. Boethius relates, that this liquor was much ufed
;

very

chanted herd (for the witch leaves little), then boils it with certain herbs, and adds to them flint and un-

by the

Picts; but,

when

that king-

dom was

overthrown by the Scots, the fecret of making it was loft. The

total population of the ifland, as fta-

ted in the

ftatiftical

reports of the 3

parifhes, in 1793, was 9500, and had increafed 4156 fince 1755. The climate is moiit, and agues are pretty

frequent; but, upon the whole, it is tolerably healthy, and there are many The quadinftances of longevity.

rupeds, enumerated

by Mr. Pennant,

beiides the domeftic animals, are weafels, otters, and hares; the latter darkcoloured, fmall, and bad runners. The birds are eagles, peregrine falcons, muir-fowl, ptarmigans, red-breafted goofeanders, wild geefe and ducks, herons, &c. The fifh are plaife, fmeardab, large dabs, mullets, ballans,lumpfilh, Sec. and fometimes is feen that rare fiih, the kpadcgajler of M. Gouan.

fteel ; after which fhe fecures the door, and invokes the three facred perfons. This puts the witch into fuch an agony, that fhe comes Hilling willing to the houfe, begs to be admitted to obtain relief, by touching the powerful pot ; the good woman then makes her terms ; the witch reftores the milk to the cattle, and iri return is freed from her pains. But, fometimes, to fave the trouble of thofe charms (for it may happeri that the diforder may arife from fome other caufes than an evil eve), the trial is made by immerging in the milk a certain herb, and if the cows are fupernaturally affected, it inftantly diftils blood ! The unfuccefsful lover revenges himfelf on his happy rival by charms potent, as thofe of the fliepherd Alphejiba:us, and exactly fimilar :

tempered

Ne3s

tribus nodis,
lores
:

terms AmarjlU

co*

NeBe, Amaryllt, modo*

Donald takes three threads, of different hues, and ties three knots on each,

three times imprecating the moil cruel Vipers fwarm in the heath ; and the difappointments on the nuptial bed ; natives are faid to cure the wound by but the bridegroom, to avert the harm, a poultice of hemlock and henbane. In ftands at the altar with an untied fhoe, this ifland feveral ancient diverlions and puts a fixpence beneath his foot. and fuperftitions are ftill preferved The inhabitants marry young, and are the iaft, indeed, are almoft extinct, or greatly connected by intermarriages, only lurk amongft the verymeaneft of which muft always be the cafe vk this gives them a the people. The late-wakes, ov funer- infular fituations als, like thofe of the Romans, were clanniih diftinction and attachment to attended with fports and dramatic their country, which, however, does entertainments, compofed of many not hinder them from being hofpitable parts ; and the actors often changed to ftrangers and vifiters. The Gaelic their dreffes, fuitable to their charac- is the common language of the comters. The fubject of the drama was mon people ; yet Englifh is well un= hiftorical, and preferved by memory. derftood, and taught in all the fchools. " The power of fafcination," fays a The fong and the dance are the chief late celebrated traveller, " is as ftrong- amufements: in the latter they exhibit ly believed by the inhabitants of Hay, an eafe and gracefulnefs of motion, as it was by the fhepherds of Italy in conjoined with great dexterity, pecutimes of old. The gentlemen liar to the ifland. once a year treat the ladies with a Kefdo quis te?zercs, ocalis mihl fafclnat and proball, where cheerfulnefs agnos ?" priety of conduct always prefide; and, But, here, the power of the evil eye more elegance of manners is now to affects more the milch cows than the be feen, than could well be expected lambs. If any good houfewife per- in lb remote a ntuation. The High:

Ff

is very little worn. Hiftoryj few records of the ancient ftate, and of the revolutions of IlayA Before it became the feat of government for the Lords of the Ifks, it appears to have been tmde? the dominion of the Danes- and Norwegians, as there are many duns and caftles, ethere are, vidently of Danifh origin betides, many places which have Danifh names; as Kennibus, AJJibus, TorIt rifdale, Torribolfe, and the like. continued under the Lords of the Ifles till the reign of James III. ; and, when their powers were abolilhed, their dependents, the Macdonalds, were the

fend drefs
affords

Ila Sound; the narrow channel betwixt Hay and Jura, the navigation of which is very dangerous. Ila, or Isla; a river in Forfarfhire. Vide Isla. ILANMORE y a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, about 1 mile in circuit, and lying, half a- mile N. of Coll.

:'

ILANROAN,
ACH
;

and

ILANTER-

proprietors, holding directly of the In the year 1598, it was in the poflefhon of a Sir James Macdonald, the fame who gained the battle of Traiidhruinard, againft the Macleans. His power gave umbrage to K. James VI. who directed the Laird of Macleod, Cameron of Lochneil, and Maeneil of Barra, to fupport the Mac-

erown.

leans in another invafion. The rival parties met, and, after a dreadful engagement, the Macdonalds were defeated, and almoft entirely cut off. Sir James efcaped to Spain, and, returning in 1620, received a pardon,

and died

at Glafgow. The king then refumed the grant to the Macdonalds, made by his predeceffors, and transferred the lands of Hay, Jura, and Muckairn, in Argyllfhire, to Sir John Campbell of Calder, then a great fa-

vourite at court, upon paying an annual feu-duty, of which the proportion was 500k fterling for Hay, which Calder fold all is paid to this day.
thefe lands again to Mr. Campbell of Shawfield, for ia,oool. which is now

more than the income from and they ftill continue in the fame family. Hay abounds with mines of lead and copper, which are very rich, and have been long wrought. There are alfo vaft quantities of that
little

them

ore of iron called bog-ore, of the concrete kind, and below it large ftrata of vitriolic mundk. Near the veins of lead
are found fpecimens of barytes, and iinall quantity of excellent emery. quickfilver has been found in the muirs, and it is probable, that a more attentive fearch would difcover more of that valuable mineral. Limeftone and marl are abundant ; but of thefe, the inhabitants are fcareely acquainted with the value.

lying ta the S. and E. of the ifland of Oranl'ay. ILERAY ; one of the Hebrides, about 3 miles long, and 1^ broad, lying to the weftward f the ifland of North Ui/i. The foil is partly fandy, and partly black loam, yielding tolerable crops of barley, and pafture for cattle. INCH, or 1NIS ; the Gaelie name for a fmall ifland. Vide In is. INCH ; a parifh in the county of Wigton, occupying a great part of the ifthmus formed by the approximation of the bays of Luce and Ryan, The fouthern part is flat and fandy ; but, towards the E. and N.E. a beautiful range of hills extends the whole length of the parifh ; the fides of thefe are partly green pafture, and partly arable ; and the tops, for fome miles, are covered with heath as far as the water of Luce, which forms the eaftern boundary. Except the fandy plain to the S-the foil is a good loam, which is very productive. The late Earl of Stair has been a great promoter of improvement in the parifh of Inch : his eftate was, in a great meafure, barren and naked ; but, in a few years, was enclofed and fheltered with large plantations of trees ; and that which was capable of improvement, has been rendered fertile by the moft judicious practice of agriculture. The pafture lands are of confiderable extent ; and it is calculated, that upwards of 3500 head of black cattle, and about 5000 iheep, are reared in the parifh. There are about 15 or 16 freth water lakes, of different extent. The two lakes of Cajtle-Kemiedy lie parallel to one another ; the one a mile, and the other a mije and an half in length, and both in fome parts half a mile broad. There is a fmall ifland in each, one of which is about 600 yards in circumference ; and veftiges of a religious edifice are ftill remaining upon it. The village of Cairn is finely fituated for trade, on the S. of Loch Ryan, and has an excellent harbour, from 3 to 3 fathom deep, at

two of the Hebrides,

INC
low water. There are feveral cairns; fome of which, when demolished, have

INC

for 'its fanctity, that Alan de Mortimer, Lord of Aberdour, bellowed been found to contain urns filled with half of the lands of Aberdour on the human allies and bones. The ruin of monks of the ifland, for the privilege Caflle-Keunedy thews it to have been a of a family burial-place in their church. Strong and malfy building; part of the The wealth of the place proved fo walls, ft ill ftanding, are 70 feet in great a temptation to the fokliersand height. The Earl of Stair has an ele- tailors employed in the Scottiih invagant caftle in the parifh, where he oc- sion of Edward III. that they ravaged cafionally refi'des. There are feveral the monaftery, without refpect to the Springs, containing both fulphur and fanctity of the place, or of its-mhabitiron in folution. Population in 1793, ants ; they even fpared not the furniture, more immediately confecrated a fmall ifland of to divine worihip: but due vengeance Loch Lomond, in Dumbartonshire, overtook them ; for, in a Storm which Situated at the mouth -of the river mftantly followed, many of them perifhed; and thofe who elcaped, ftruck }2drick. or INCH- with the juftice of the judgment, a fmall ifland, at the vowed to make ample recompenfe to ; mouth of the South Efi, in Forfarfhire, the injured Saint. The tempeft ceafed, near Montrofe. It contains about 34 and they made the promifed atoneacres, and has lately been of great im- ment. It continued a place of great portance from its two bridges, -on the confequence and fanctity, until the turnpike road from Arbroath to Mon- reformation completed the ruin of trofe, which pa-ffes acrofs this ifle. thofe religious houfes, which time One bridge of ftone communicates had not before fwept away. There with the parifh of Craig and another are ftill to be feen a fquare tower, of wood with a draw-bridge, connects belonging to the church, the ruins of the ifland with Montrofe. Streets the church, and of feveral other buildhave been formed through the ifland, ings. There is a Danish monument on which building is advancing rapid- on the S. E. fide of the building, ly ; and a company have lately formed fculptured with fcale like figures, and a large and convenient dry dock, for with the reprefentation of feveral hurepairing and building of fhips. It is man heads. The ifland is the property fituated in the parifh of Craig, the of the Earl of Moray, who has alfo burial-place of which is on the ifland. the title of Lord of St. Colme. Some INCH-CAILLOCH ; the ifland of years ago, an attempt was made to coold women ;" an ifland of Loch Lo- ver the ifland with trees, which would mond. It is about a mile in length, have increafed its pi-cturefque appearelevated, and covered with trees ; it ance, but the attempt did not fucceed. is the property of the Duke of Mon- Its coafts furnifli great quantities of trofe, is inhabited, and produces good fea ware, from which a confiderable wheat and oats. On it was anciently quantity of kelp is annually made. a nunnery, the parifh church of which INCH-CRUIN ; a fmall ifland of was once the pariih church of Buchan- Loch Lomond, on which is erected an nan ; the burial ground of which is afylum for in fane perfons. Still on the ifland. INCH-EFFRAY; an ancient abbey INCH-CLEAR ; a fmall ifland of in the parifh of Madd^rty, in Perth-* Loch Lomond, entirely covered with Shire, now in ruins, feaied on an emiwood. nence, nearly furrounded by the Po<w INCH-COLM, or a river, and belonging to the Earl of fmall ifland in the Frith of Forth, a- Kinnoul. It was endowed with many bout a mile from the village of Aber- privileges by King David I. and Alex-

1450.

INCH-ABER;

INCH-BRAYOCK, BROYOCK

COLUMBAj

in Fife, to which parifii it is ander III. and was efteemed one of annexed. On it are the remains of the richefl abbacies in the kingdom. a famous monaftery of Auguftines, The property of the abbey, and 7 or founded in 11 23 by Alexander I. in 8 acres around it, fecures to the noble confequence of a vow. It was richly owner the right of patronage of iz endowed by the munificence of that parifhes, which were formerly attached

dour

prince

and, fo famous was the place

i

to

it.

Ff

INC
a fmall inhabited half a mile in length, and very fertile. INCH-GALBRAITH; an ifland of Loch Lomond, on which are the ruins of an ancient caftle, the refldence of the family of Galbraith. INCH-GAR VIE ; a fmall ifland in the Frith of Forth, nearly in the middle of the pafiage over, the Forth, at Queensferry. It was anciently fortified, and, after the alarm occafioncd
ifland in

INC
in 1010, fo greatly fignalized himfelf

INCH-FAD;

Loch Lomond, about

at the battle of Barrie in Angus, a? gainft the Danes; after which he re?

'

of Paul Jones and his fquadron, in the Frith in 1779, its fortifications were repaired, and 4 iron

by the appearance

24-pounders mounted upon them, and furnifhed with 100 rounds of ammunition each : one or two artillerymen refide on the ifland, tq take care of
the ftores.

INCH-GRANGE;
Loch Lomond, about
length,
'

an ifland in half a mile in

INCH-INNAN

and covered with oak wood. ; a parilh in Ren-

frewfhire. It extends fomewhatina triangular figure, about 3 miles in length, and i^ miles in breadth. The foil is in general fertile, and is particularly excellent on the banks of the rivers White Cart, Gryfe, and Clyde, which, in autumn, are liable to inundate the country, from their fudden rifings. Although the furface is level, yet the ground rifes into feveral beautiful eminences, which are arable to the top. The pariih contains about

2400 acres, of which not more than 200 are uncultivated, and 100 of thefe are planted with firs. Improvements in agriculture have gone on rapidly, and almoft the whole pariih is reguancient caftle of Inch-innan, one of the feats of the Dukes of Lennox, flood near the banks cf the Clyde ; but now there is not a North Barr, veftige of it" remaining. a feat of Lord Sempill, is a fine old building, where his Lordfhip occasionally refides. The road from Glafgow to Greenock pafies through the whole length of the pariih, eroding the united ftreams of the Gryfe and Cart, by a handfome bridge of 10 In 1793, the return of the arches.
larly enclofed.

The

population

made

to Sir

John

Sinclair,

was

306.
a fmall rocky ifland

INCH-KEITH;
in the Frith
jts

of Forth, half way betwixt Leith and Kinghorn. It derives

name from

the gallant Keith,

who,

ceived the barony of Keith in EaftLothian, and this little ifle. It was taken pofleffion of, and fortified by the Englifh in the reign of Edward VI. but thefe were obliged to evacuate it, after a very gallant defence. The fort was kept in repair by the Scots for fome time, but was deftroyed by act of parliament, to prevent its being of any ufe to the Englifh. confiderable part of the walls of the fortalice or caftle ftill remains. There is a fpring of fine water on the top of the rock. In ancient times it was ufed as a place of banifhrnent, as appears from the following order from the privy council to the magiftrates of Edinburgh, in Sept. 149 7, quoted from Mr. Arnot's Hiftory of Edinburgh : " That all manner of perfons, within the freedom of this burgh, who are infected of the faid contagious plague, called the grangore, devoid, rid, and pafs furth of this town, and compeer on the fands of Leith at ten hours before noon ; and they fliall have, and find boats ready in the harbour, ordered to them by the officers of this burgh, ready furniihed with victuals, to have them to the Inch ('Inch-keith ) and there to remain till God provide The E. fide of the for their health." ifland prefents fomething like bafaltiq columns, chiefly of the nature of porphyry, minutely mixed with calcareous, cryftals : many ftones exhibit the appearance of petrified \vood, and take there is plenty of limea fine polifh ftone, fome of which is of the nature of marble, exhibiting, when poliihed, fpecimens of madrepore and coral in a beautiful white calcaits texture reous fpar is found on the W. fide of the ifland fome filaments of afbejlos and -zeolite are alfo found jafper, of a greenifh colour, is likewife to be met with and, along the fhores, agates, or Scots pebbles, are found in detached nodules. Some of the fchiftic ftrata are found to contain quantities of afphaltum, of rock pitch. Chryftals of fcheorl abound in every part of the ifland. The moft remarkable mineral is a ftratum of quartzy matter, under a ftratum of limeftone : the flint feems once to have been in a liquid ftate ; for, in many places, th^

INC
madrepores, entrochi, and other marine fhells, even the delicate lhell called the fea egg, are found with their fliapes entire in the body of the flint thcmfelves converted into that mineral. This faft appears of confequence in the great difpute between the philofophers, with regard to the igneous or aqueous theories of the earth : it would feem to militate againft the it is difficult to convolcanic theory ceive how fuch changes could be effected by means of heat, and fuch delicate fubftances enabled to refill
:

INC
Loch Lomond, which
tirely
is almofr. enmofs. INCH-MURRIN, or INCH-MARIN ; the largeft and moll: fouthern

an extenfive

peat.

ifland in
finely

a miles in length, lent pafture

It is about and i in breadth wooded, and affording excel-

Loch Lomond.

; it is the property of the of Montrofe, who has it as a deer park, containing 200 deer. At the W. end are the ruins of an. old caftle, once the reiidence of the Earls of Lennox; near which is a neat hunting-feat and offices, built by the Duke of Montrofe in 1793, and inhabited by it ; for, in any experiments we can inftitute, fhells and other calcareous a gamekeeper and his family. INCH-TAVANACH an ifland in matters, are converted into a quick lime, at a far lower degree of heat Loch Lomond. It is about three quarthan is neceffary for the fufion of ters of a mile in length, and half a flinty ftones. This ifland was called mile in breadth; containing 150 acres, Vljle des Chevaux by the French, chiefly covered with wood and heath, from its foon fattening horfes. It is the latter growing to a great fize; it now occupied as a paftnre ground, is uninhabited, but appears to have for the particular breeds of fheep im- formerly been a place of retirement ported into this country by the Bri- for fome contemplative hermit ; it is tiih Wool Society. the loftieft ifland of the lake, and is INCH-KENNETH a fmall ifland chiefly compofed of gray granite, with of the Hebrides, lying between the fome rocks of \mcaczox\s fctijlits, and It confiderablequantitiesof^w^r/s. Numiflands of Mull and I-colm-kill. was once a feminary of monks, de- bers of roe deer breed on the ifland, pendent on the latter ifland ; the vef- which is the property of Sir James Here Colquhoxm of Lufs. tiges of a chapel Mill remain. Dr. Samuel Johnfon was hofpitably INCH-TORR, orTORREMACH; entertained by Sir Allan Maclean and a fmall ifland in Loch Lomond, beauhis daughters, who had an elegant re- tifully covered with oaks and lofty

Duke

sidence on this fequeilered fpot.

beech

trees.

INCH-LOANIG

an ifland of Loch

INCH-TURE, or INCH-TOWER;
a parifh in the Carfe of Gowrie, in Perthfliire, united in 1670 to the parifh

Lomond, noted for its great number of yew trees, which were formerly of great value when bows and arrows
were
little

of Rossie.

It

extends about 3

in ufe.
; a beautiful ifland in the Frith of Clyde, a

INCH-MARNOCH

few miles S. W. of the ifle of Bute* to which county it is politically annexed. It is about a mile long ; and, on the W. fide, are vait ftrata of coral and fhells. The ruins of a chapel, dedicated to St. Marnoch, are ftill to
be feen.
a fmall town in ; Perthfhire, feated betwixt the rivers

INCH-MARTIN
Erne.

Tay and

INC II -MICHAEL;
Perthfhire.

a village in

an iflet in the ; Frith of Forth, near the ifle and village of Cramond; noted for the oyfter

INCH-MICKERY
it.
j

beds near

INCH-MOAN

fmall ifland of

miles in breadth along the banks of the Tay, and about 4 miles from S. to N. and contains about 3000 acres, the foil of which is exceedingly rich, and well improved, chiefly with lime, which fuits belt with a clay foil : the principal crops are wheat, peafe, barley, and oats, of which the returns are The village of generally very great, Inch-tiire is the fole property of Lord Kinnaird, fituated on the turnpike road from Perth to Dundee; from the former of which it is 9 miles diftant it contains nearly 400 inhabitants. Befides Incb-ture, there are 5 other villages ; one of which, Polgavie, has a pier and harbour on the Tay, where veffels of 50 or 60 tons can unload, or take in a cargo. Drimmie-boufe, the feat of Lord Kinnaird, is fituated in the

INI
parifh of Long-Forgan ; but a great part of the pleafure grounds and plantations around it are in this parifh. Balindean, the feat of Sir John Wedifland in
(ite

INN
INIS-HAIL; a beautiful pitfurefqtie
the

Loch 0<w, in Argyllfhire; once of a fmall nunnery of the Ciftercian order, the remains of which derburn, is delightfully fituated at the are ftill feen. In a runious chapel of foot of the fifing ground which bounds that religious houfe, public worlhip the Carfe of Gowrie on the N. Mon- was performed, until the annexation of the parifh of Inijbail to that of Glencur., theruin of an ancient caftle, adjoins to Lord Kinnaird's park, and his Lord- orcbay, Vide Glknorchay and Inisfhip has lately planted trees and fhrub- HAIL. bery around it. There are feveral exINISH-ERAITH ; a fmall ifland in cellent quarries, the ftones of which Loch 0<w, in Argyllfhire, on which are are of a reddifh colour, and ftand the the ruins of a chapel, with burying weather well. In 1795, the popula- grounds. Dr. Smith, author of the tion, as ftated in the ftatiftical report, " Authenticity of OJJian's Poems," fuppofes this ifland to be the one to which was about 1000. a fmall, but plea- the traitor Eraith beguiled Duara, as ; fantly fituated ifland of the Orkneys, related in the " Songs of Selma." fituated about 3^ miles from Kirkwall Inner, or Inver ; a Gaelic word, on the mainland, the county town. It faid to fignify the mouth of a river, lies in the parifh of Roufay and Eglif- and forms a part of the names of parts bay, and contains about 25 inhabit- in Scotland implying fuch a fituation. ants : the foil is good, but, like moil INNERARY. Vide Inveraray. of the lands in Orkney, un&ilfully Vide Invera-

INHALLOW

INNERARITY.

mauaged. RITY. INIS, INISH, or INCH; the Gaelic INNERKEITHING. Vide Inverand Irijh name for iflands, or for thofe places which have formerly been furINNERKEITHN1E. Vide Inver. rounded with water and, according- KEITHNY. ly, is the initial part of the names of INNERKILLER. Vide Invermany parts in Scotland. KEILOR. INIS-CONNEL an ifland in Loch INNERKIP ; a parifh in RenfrewOzu, in Argyllfhire, on which are the shire, fituated at the place where the
; ;

majeftic ruins

overgrown with
ral centuries,

of an ancient caftle, ivy, which, for fevechief refidence

was the

W. INIS-FRAOCH, or FRAOCH- breadth but its extent formerly was ELAIN a fmall but beautiful ifland much greater, comprehending the two
of the Argyll family.
;
;

fmall rivulet Kip empties itfelf into the Frith of Clyde. It extends along the fhore of that Frith 7 miles in length and about 6 miles in from E. to

in

Loch

Ow,

in Argyllfhire,

are the ruins of a caftle, granted, along with the ifland in 1267, by Alexander III. to the chief of the clan of Macnaughton, on condition he fhould entertain the King whenever he fhould pafs that way. This ifland was the Hefperides of the country ; and the fatal attempt of Fraoch has been handed down from age to age, in a beautiful Celtic tale, after the manner of Offian. f* The fair Mego longed for the delicious fruit of the ifle, guarded by a dreadful ferpent : Fraoch, who had long loved the maid, goes to gather the fruit : by the ruftling of the leaves the ferpent was awaked from his deep, and attacked the hero, who perifhed in the conflict. The monfter alfo was deftroyed, but Mego did not long furyiye the death of her lover.

on which pariihes of Greenock, which were disjoined about 180 years ago from this parifh. The coaft is indented with feveral bays, of which the chief is at the village of Gourock, forming a fafe harbour. From the fhore towards the S. E. is a gradual and irregular afcent, beautifully varied with plains, gentle declivities, and eminences'; interfered with fmall rivulets, which fometimes are loft in deep glens fhaded with wood, and fometimes meandering through rich and fertile meadows. On the S. and E. the parifh is furrounded by lofty mountains, covered with heath ; on the other, the Frith of Clyde covered with veffels, and the port.of Greenock, exhibit a delightful fcene ; the view of which is terminated by the towering fummits of Beinn-bar-r ran and Goatfield, in the ifle of Arran %

INN
The foil on the fhore is light, fandy, and of quick vegetation ; farther up it becomes wetter, and gravelly ; and, towards the hills, it is mofiy, and unimprovable. The arable land, which is rather lefs than one half of the furface, is generally enclofed, and well cultivated. Befides the fmall Kirktown of Innerkip, there are two confiderable villages, Doff'and Gourock, each of which contains nearly 400 inhabitArdgoivan, the feat of Sir Miants. chael Stewart, Bart, of Blackhall, is a large houfe, built at different periods, delightfully fituated on the fhore, and furrounded with extenfive plantations. Mr. Darroch of Gourock has alfb a pleafant houfe near the village of vein of copper ore was Gourock. wrought for fome time ; but, owing to the company who had the management, it did not anfwer the expectations. In 179a, the population of the whole parifh, as returned to Sir John Sinclair,, was 1280, being a decreafc
in the center

INN
of a country whofe flsple is wool, and on a river proper for erecting the moft powerful machinery. In confequence, a woollen manufacture to a great extent is carried on by Alexander Brodie, Efq. of Careyftreet, London, which has given employment to a number of hands, and increafed the profperity of the village. The caftle or tower of Horfburgb, the property of Mr. Horfburgh, is an ancient building, on the banks of the Tweed: the proprietor has lately laid out extenfive plantations and enclofures, which, whilft they add to the beauty of the country, have confiderably increafed his annual income. There is a fulphureens mineral fpring, fimilar to

Harrowgate,

fa-

mous

for

its

cures of various difeafes,

particularly in cafes of fcrophulous inflammations of the eyes, in the worft

of 310 fince 17^5.

INNERLEITHEN; a parifh in the county of Peebles, fituated on the N. bank of the Tweed, and watered by the fmall river Leithen, which falls into the former river about the middle of the parifh. It nearly refernbles an equilateral triangle, each fide of which extends 9^ miles, and contains, according to Armftrong's map of the county, 22,270 Scots acres. The general appearance of the country is broken, rugged, and precipitous, riling abruptly from the brinks of the two rivers to the height of 1000 feet, in fome places fcarcely leaving fpace fufHcient for the breadth of a road,
unlefs affifted by embankments. The arable foil, which is not more than 1000 acres, is very thinly fcattered ever the different parts of the country : the craggy fides of the glens,

approaching even to blindnefs. in the parifh are moftly whinftone, and fchiflic ftrata with ftrata of freeftone, fit for building. There are the ruins of fortified towers
cafes,

The rocks

at the

mouth

of every defile

and, on

a rifing

ground near the

diftincf veftiges

are of a ftrong encampvillage,

ment, with 3 lines of cireumvallation v the area within is upwards of an Engliih acre. In 1797, the population, as ftated by the Rev. Mr. Walker, in his ftatiftical report, was 560.

INNERLOCHY.
LOCHY.

Vide Inver-

INNERURY.

INNERWELL
I

Vide Inveruky. a fea port and vil;

lage in Wigtonfhire.

N N E RWI C K

a parifh in the

and the broken rugged

furface, are better calculated for fheep farming, and from their fine S. expofure, are much efteemed by the farmer, as affording healthy pafture. There are generally about 90 horfes, aoo head ef black cattle, and 15,000 fheep in the parifh. The village of Inner-

county of Haddington, fituated on the fea coaft, eaftward from Dunbar. The coaft is rocky ; but the face of the country is level, and the foil fertile on the borders, indeed, fartheft removed from the fea, the land rifes into conliderable eminences, which are partly covered with heath, but, even there, much has been improved, and
converted into tillage the greater part is well enclofed, an J a few plantations. great quantity of fea ware is annu-. ally thrown afhore, which is ufed for manure ; and, in general, about 2* tons of kelp are prepared for the remainder. The excellent quality of the foil, and the vicinity to manure, renders the rent of the farmers very high ; the late leafes being from %\, is. to jl.
:

leithen, from which the parifh receives its name, is pleafantly fituated at the mouth of the Leitben* In 1797,
it

contained 388 inhabitants. It is admirably fituated for manufactures,

INS
los. per acre. There are the remains of a chapel near the coaft ; and feveral military encampments and tumuli are frequently met with in this quarter. There is plenty of limeftone in feveral places, and fome thin ftrata of coal, though no pits of that mineral are wrought at prefent freeftone of exPopulacellent quality is abundant.
:

IN V
fituated near the church on the banks of a rivulet, is a burgh of barony, with a weekly market, and 3 annual fairs. It lies 26 miles from Aberdeen, from whence it has been propofed to carry a canal a work which, if executed, would be of vaft benefit to the fertile diftrict of Garioch near it is the manfion-houfe of Mr. Gordon of Rothney. In 1795, the poputhe lation given in to Sir John Sinclair,
is
; :

tion in 1793, 960. INSCH, or

diftrict

INCH ; a parilh in of Garioch, in Aberdeenfhire. J t is of a pretty regular oblong form, 5 miles in length by 3 in breadth, containing nearly 7500 acres, of which only one third, or 2500 acres, are under cultivation. Towards the S. the foil is for the moft part excellent, and produces rich and early crops; but on the N. towards the Hurts of the hill of Fondland, the foil is not fo fertile, and the crops are late and precarious from the marks of the furrows, it would appear, that of what is now uncultivated and covered with heath, many hundred acres are arable, and were formerly under cultivation. Thefe are faid to have been deferted by the farmers at the end of the 17th century, when the country was almoft depopulated by the 7 years of famine. The hill of Fondland, which extends into feveral parifhes of the Garioch, is elevated 800 feet above the level of the fea : in the moft elevated parts of this hill, within this pariih, are extenlive quarries of tine blue (late, of which a considerable quantity is yearly dug, and manufactured for fale. The hill of Dundore, or Dun-o-deer, affords excellent pafture for Iheep, though it does not now render their teeth of a golden colour, as the credulous Hedtor Boethius affirms it formerly did. The bale of the hill is about .3000 yards in circumference, and rites infulated from the level plain of the Garioch, to the elevation of 300 feet on the top of it are the ruins of an old
:

was 900. Inver, or Inner

faid

; a Gaelic word, entrance or mouth, which forms part of the names of

to

fignify

many towns,

villages,

and parifnes

in

Scotland, fituated at the mouth of a river, or the confluence of two rivers.

Some writers, however, derive it from the Gaelic words Ion, deferving of, and Ar, to till ; and fuppofe it means fit for, or deferving of tillage ; a quality generally pouefled by the grounds at the mouths of rivers. But the former appears the moft probable derivation,

we find no place, however fertile, receives that appellation, unlefs in the Situation implied in the former fignias
fication.

INVER, or ; a village in Perthfhire, in the parilh of Little Dunkeld, fituated at the confluence of the Bran with the Taj. It has a good inn on the Highland road, and is the ferry
over the river to the town of Dunkeld.

INVAR

Neil Gow,
lage.

the celebrated compofer of Scots reels, is a native of this vil-

INVERARAY,
in Gaelic,
fhire.

or

INVERARY

Ion-ar-ao-reidh ; a royal borough, and county town of ArgyllIt is fituated on a fmall bay, head of Loch Fyne, where the river Aray or Aoreidb falls into that

at the

arm of the

fea

it

is

a fmall tov/n,

caftle, faid to have been built more than 900 years ago, by King Gregory the Great a conilderable part of the
:

one row of houfes facing the lake, built with great uniformity ; and the houfes are commodious, well built, and covered with [late. The old town, which was a dirty ill-built village, fituated on the N. fide of the bay, on the lawn, beconfifling chiefly of

walls are
rials

ft ill

ftandine,

and the mate fore the

with which they are built are of moved to

a lingular kind, that by fome it is fuppofed to be part of a vitrified fort, while others fuppofe them to be volcanic, dug out of the hill, which has much the appearance of an extin<ft volcano. The town_ of bifcb, which

of Inveraray was reprefent fituation, and the greater part rebuilt by the Duke of Argyll, who is proprietor of the whole town. It feerr.s probable, that, prior, to the beginning of the 14th century, Inveraray was hitle more than a
caftle
its

place for fifhermen,

who

lived

by

their

INV
huts there. About that period, the family of Argyll fixed upon it as their place of refidence; and as the hereditary jurifdictions of justiciary and fheriffflup was vefted in that family, of confequence,it becamethe featof the courts, and the county town. It was erected into a royal burgh by a charter from Charles I. dated at Carifbrook-caftle, in the ifie of Wight, 28th Jan. 1648. It is governed by a provoft, 2 bailies, and a council, nominated by the Duke. Its only revenues arife from the petty cuftoms, and the rent of a common, which, upon the firfl erection of the burgh, was beftowectoon it by the family of Argyll : both thefe produce
occupation,
their

INV
though that part which has been under the immediate management of the Duke of Argyll, has been much improved by the ufe of lime as a manure, the high price of which unfortunately precludes the ufe of it, except by the rich and affluent. The molt improved fyftem of agriculture is followed on many farms, particularly thofe of the Duke, who has invented a kind of drying barns; a contrivance of the utmoft confequence in a late country, where the wet harvefts are apt to deftroy a great part of the corn. The pariih lies along the coaft. of Loch Fyne, and is watered by the rivers Aray and Shira, which fall into that arm of the fea near the town the latter, in its courfe, forms an expanfe of water, called Loch Bubh, " the black loch," from the darknefs of its bottom, or the depth of its water. In high tides, the fea flows as high as this lake ; and, it is no uncommon circumftance, that herrings and other fait water fifh are caught in the fame draught net with trouts and falmon, the native fifh of the lake. Not far from the town is the caftle of Inveraray , the principal feat of the Duke of Argyll. It is a fquare building, with a round tower at each corner ; and a high glazed pavilion, (hooting up above the towers in the center, gives it, upon the whole, a heavy appearance ; it is built of a coarfe lapis ollaris, brought from the other fide of the lake, which is extremely foft, but will, in all probability, long ftand the effects of the weather: this ftone is of a gray colour, but its fombre hue well harmonizes with the furrounding
fcenery. The hall is hung round with arms and other ornaments, fuited to the grandeur of an Highland caftle ; but the reft of the houfe is fitted up
in

and erected

about 30I. fterling annually. About 50 or 60 years ago, Archibald Duke

of Argyll feeing how inadequate this revenue was for the occalions of the burgh, added to it a perpetual annuity of aol. fecured on his eftate. inhabitants are employed in various manufactures of linen, woollen, iron, and carpentry ; but the chief fupport of the place, is from the numerous fhoals of herrings which annually vifit Loch Fyne. Its harbour was anciently called Slochk Ichopper, " the gullet where vefTels bought or bartered filh ;" and the arms of the town reprefents a net with a herring, with the motto, "femper tibi pendeat halec" It appears alfo, that the French merchants ufed to come and barter their wines for herrings ; and a point of land, called the Frenchman's Point, is ftated, by tradition, to have been the place where the merchants tranfadted their affairs. In the year 1754, a company from Lancalhire creeled a furnace not far from the town, for fmelting iron ore by means of wood charcoal, and the eftabliftiment has lately been increafed. In 1793, the number of inhabitants in the town was 1063. The parifh of Inter aray extends about 18 miles in length, and on an average 3 in breadth, ibmewhat in the form of a crefcent. Its appearance is hilly, and even moun-

The

a modern ftyle, with exquifite taftc. the lawn, the fcenery is grand beyond conception. The Aray with its beautiful cafcades ; the expanded bay of Loch Fyne ; the hill of Dunicoich (riling in the form of a pyramid to the height of 700 feet, clothed to tainous, though interfperfed with fe- the fummit with a thick wood of oryeral tracts of flat ground, particularly namental trees, and furmounted with about the town and the vale of Glen- a Gothic watch-tower, or obfervafiira, which is nearly 5 miles in length. tory) ; the banks towards Fffachojfan, The whole of the flat ground is ara- and the diftant hills and mountains ; ble, with a rich deep foil ; but the reft form fuch an aflemblage of grand and Is fhallow, and not naturally fertile, beautiful objects, as are rarely to be

From

INV
The plantation in the parifh is feen. extenfive, and finely laid out ; every unimprovable crevice, glen, and mouncovered with trees, of which the prefent value is immenie : they were long fmce eftimated at upwards of ioo,oooi. but, from the increase of growth, and the advanced price of timber, they are calculated to be worth thrice that fum. " Some of the beech ,fr are from 91 to trees," fays Mr. Knox, 1 z feet in circumference, and tlie pines from 6 to 9. ; but thefe being comparatively few, we fhall ftate the medium girth of 2,ooo,oo trees, planted within the laft 100 years, at 3 feet, and the medium value at 4s. which produces 400,000!. and this for the moft part on ground unfit for the plough, being
tain, is
erise
is

INV
of that river with the SpeT. fituated partly in Elginfhire", but the greater part is in the county of
Banff; it is about 18 miles long, and 5 broad ; and, befides the Avert and Spey, is watered by the Lbvet, a ftream which gives the name of Glenlivet to
a confiderable diftrict of the parilh. The furface is irregular, but cannot be called mountainous ; the foil in the

lower grounds

is

wet and moffy

on

the fides of the hills light and dry, and, farther elevated, it becomes

muiry : the diftrict of Gletilivet is remarkably fertile, the foil being a light loam, on a bed of limeftone rock. The fides of the rivers abound with? copfcs of birch and alder, and on the banks of the Spey there is a confidermoftly compofed of hill and rock." able extent of oak wood : on the eThe thinning of the wood, to allow ftate of General Grant there are latethe remaining trees to grow, produces ly laid out fome extenfive plantations? not lefs than 1500I. annually. The of different foreft trees. Ballendalloch,
"
1

population in 179a, as returned to Sir John Sinclair, was 1832, being a decreafe of 919 Snee 1755. This decreafe, however, was only in appearance, the enumeration in- 175 5 having been made up while the raffle was fijufhing, which required a great number of hands that became no longer neceffary when it was completed. INVERARITY; a parifh in the county of Forfar, about 3 miles fquare. The furface is uneven, and a great part of the foil muiry, and unimprovThere is, however, a growing able.
fpirit for agriculture,

the feat of General Grant, is an elegant houfe, fituated at the confluence of the Avert with the Spey. There are 3 druidical temples. In 1799, the population was 2244. INVERBERVIE, commonly called BERVIE ; a royal borough in Kin-

Vide Bervie. ; a parifh in the diftrict of Cowal, in Argyllfhire %. interfered for 8 miles by Loch Streveti, an arm of the fea, and watered by a fmall rivulet, which joins the loch at
cardinefhire.

INVERCHAOLAIN

this place.

The
;

furface

is

for the moft:

but enclofures part rugged a ridge of mountains are ftill rare, and the old fyftem of in- rifes with a fteep afcent all along the ceffant cropping is ftiil adhered to in coaft, which is about 3 miles in ex many farms. The principal manure tent, on the N. fide of the channel employed is marl, brought from the which Separates Cowal from the ifle
loch of Forfar, at the diftance of 5 There are few old trees, but, of late years, the chief proprietors have planted a confiderable extent of the wafts lands, which are very thriving, and muft eventually turn to good account. There are the remains of two rectangular camps in the parifh, fuppofed to have been military fixations of the Romans under Agricola, in his fixth campaign, when he obtained his victory over the Caledonians under Galgacus, their chief. In 1793, the population, as Mated in the ftatiftical report of Mr. Webfter, amounted to 929. a parifh on the banks of the Aven y near the conflumiles.

In fome places there are fmall flat fields nigh the fliore ; but, for the moft part, the afcent from the fea is immediate ; and, about half a mile inland, the foil is thin and fandy, only adapted for pafturage. All the

of Bute.

mountains formerly were covered with

heath,but manyof them are now cloth-* ed with a rich pile of grafs, fince the Thofe fieldsintroduction of fheep. which are capable of tillage, are managed in the old way of farming, except the farm of James Lamont, Efq. of Knockdow, who, under many difadvantages of climate and foil, raifes crops equal to any in the W. of Scotland. There is a confiderable extent, of natural wood, which forms an ar-

1NVE RAVEN;

INV
tkle of importance to the proprietors: the only plantations are around Soutbhall, the feat of Mr. Campbell ; and Knockdo-oj, the feat of Mi Lainont. Tradition mentions a bloody battle which took place in this parifh, during the reign of Robert III. and many graves and cairns are faid to point out the places where the bodies of the
-

which fhe

village commands, and the falubrity of the climate, Ins obtained for it, of old, the name of the Mo,n~

pelier of Scotland.

The

bill
is

on which

the village

fallen were interred. The fmall iiland of Eallan i&irrii>-, lituated at the mouth of Loch Riden, is in this parifh, memorable in the annals of the 17th cen- account, as well as of their peculiar tury ; (vide Eallan Heirrig.) In character and manners. The Jjh2792, the pariih contained 504 inha- ivi-ves, kailwii<cs, and Jalt-yji-vej, who carry fiih, vegetables, and fait, daily bitants. INVERESK a pariui in Mid-Lo- to the metropolis, are remarkable for thian, lituated on a bay of the Frith their great ftrength, activity, and maff Forth, where the river EJk pours culine character but, for the partiits dreams into that arm of the fea. culars, the reader is referred to Sir It contains 2571 acres, the foil of Jobn Sinclair's Statiftical Account of which varies according to its diftance; Scotland, vol. xvi. p. 15, 20. as the from the fea. Along the coaft it is article is too long for iafertion : but
; ;

nearly furrounded by the EJk; and the Hoping gardens, belonging to the inhabitants, approach to the brink of the river. Of the occupations of the inhabitants, efpecially of the women, Dr. Carlyfie, in his ltatiftical report, gives a veryentertaimng, and not unfavourable
is

lituated,

fandy, but having been for ages in a high ftate of cultivation for gardens and fmall fields, in the neighbourhood of the villages, is abundantly fertile pn the banks of the river the foil is naturally fertile, and highly improved ; towards the S- E. and &. W. the foil is more of a -clayey nature, capable of railing great crops, efpecially of wheat, under proper culture. Agriculture is, however, but little improved, though fome of the farmers have adapted the new fyftem of farming. Some years ago, Drs. CarlyQe and' Grie-ve, the minjfters of Inyerefk and Dalkeith, having each a fmall farm, introduced the ufe of the wheel plough, the employment of which has now become general. The fituation of the parifh is one of the molt, beautiful in Scotland : the low part of it is only a few feet above the level of the fea ; between which, and the towns of Mujfelburgb and FiJherrQ'W, Jie the pleafant plain called Mijfelburgb Links, which fiirnifh a fieldfor playing the golf, the favourite amufement of the inhabitants, and dry walks at all feafons of the year. Behind this plain, which is ha if a mile in breadth, interfered by the windings of the EJk, there is a rifing ground, which begins at the weftern extremity of the parifh, and extends in a fwelling courfe to the hill of Inverejk, on which is lituated the village of the fame name, and the pajriih church. The beautiful profpe&s
:
: :

we cannot
teriftical

help noticing one characanecdote of the ipirit and exertions of the filhwives, recorded by the Doctor. " When fpeaking of a young woman reported to be on the point of marriage;" "Hout," fay they, " honv can Jhe keep a man, zubo can hardly maintain her/ell ?" There is plenty of freeftone, and Hkewife of limeftone ; but the moft valuable mir neral is coal, which lies under the

whole pari fli, and

places.

is

wrought

in

many

are the remains of various Roman antiquities ; and in the town of Muifelburgh, is feen the houfe

There

where Randolph Earl of Murray died, in July 1332. The field where the
battle

of Pinkie, fo unfortunate to fought, and the no lets fatal Carberry-bill, are in this pariih. Pinkk-honje, formerly a feat of the Earls of Dunfermline, deferves to be noticed. Of the proprietors of the parifh, which are in number, only Sir Archibald Hope of Craighall, and Mifs Dalrymple of Hailes, are re^ fident; the former at the feat of Monkton, and the latter at the beautiful houfe of New Hailes, Befides the towns of Muifelburgh, arid the villages of Inverelk and Fifherrcw -. ... are feveral other fmall villages \

Queen Mary, was

Musselburgh and Fisherro The population in 1792, as m

ed to
Sir

-y
.

John

Sinclair,

was 5392, of
in the yijiagjc

which only 255 refided

of Inverelk.

Gg

INV
aparifliin Angusfhire ; of an oblong figure, extending about 6 miles in length from the fea weihvard, and about 4 miles in breadth. The general appearance is level, except the N. bank of the river Lunan, which rifes to a confiderable height : almoft the whole furface is arable, and the foil, which varies from clay to fandy or gravelly loam, It is divided is in general fertile. nearly its whole length by the river Lunan, and is watered by a fmall ftream called Keilor, which falls into the fea about a mile and a half from the church. The fea coaft towards the E. is flat and fandy, being part of that bay into which the Lunan difcharges itfelf, and to which it gives its name but, towards the W. the fhore rifes to the Red Head, a bold rocky promontory 230 feet perpendicular. There is a fmall fifhing village called Etbiehaven, at the mouth of the Keilor, and a confiderable affemblage of houfes near the church, fituated about the turnpike road, about half way betwixt

INV
by-lanes eroding it nearly at right angles : the houfes have an ancient appearance, and almoft every one has a piece of garden ground belonging to it. There is a neat town-houfe, built in 1770, containing a prifon, rooms for the town-clerk and bailie courts, and for public meetings and entertainments. It is a very old borough, having received its firft charter from William, firnamed the Lion ; fince which time feveral kings of Scotland granted charters at different periods ;-and King James VI. by a writ of novodamtu, dated 4th May, 1598, ratified and confirmed them all, and declared " that
their rights

INVERKEILOR;

and privileges extend from

the water of

Dovan

to that of Leven,

and as far north as Kinrofs." It is governed by a provoft, 2 bailies, the dean of guild, and treasurer, annually elected by the counfellors and the
deacons of the trades. The number of counfellors is fb unlimited, that the whole burgefs inhabitants might be made counfellors ; and what is- more Angular, they continue in office during life and refidenee. The magistrates have a yearly revenue of upwards of 200I. fterling to lay out in improvements. Before the entrance of the harbour, is the bay of Inverkeithing, affording- fafe anchorage to veffels of any burden in all winds. Here the fhips of war from Leith roads generally ride during the winter ftorms, and it is the place appointed for veffels to perform quarantine. The harbour is very commodious, having at fpring tides from 13 to 15 feet, with excellent quays for the accommodation of

Arbroath and Montrofe. There are feveral manfions in the parifh, particularly Ethie-houfe, the feat of the Earl of Nprthelk ; Annijlon, the feat
of Mr. Rait; Kinblythmont, the feat of Mr. Lindfay-Carnegie ; and La<wton, the feat of Mr. Henderfon. Near the mouth of the Lunan, on an eminence, ftands the venerable ruins of have been built by William the Lion, and ufed as a hunting-feat : there are alfo the remains of feveral religious houfes, and veftiges of encampments, both on the eftates of Lord Northefk, and Mr. LindfayrCarnegie, which tradition afcribes to the Danes, and this idea is further corroborated by the names of the adjoining Every part of the parifh aplaces. bounds with excellent freeftone of a reddifh colour ; and the rocks of the Red Head contain pebbles of a fine colour, which are found in the fragments which have fallen down. In 1793, the population, as returned to Sir John Sinclair, was 1747.
Red-cajlle, faid to

the fliipping. There is very little trade carried on, the exportation of coal, being the chief employment of the veffels, 25,000 tons being fhipped annually : the demand is greater than can be anfwered, and veffels are fome times obliged to wait 5 or 6 weeks. There are feveral fait pans, that annually make from 12,000 to 15,000 An iron foundery has alfo bufhels. been eftablifhed on a fmall plan. There were convents for the Francifcans and Dominicans in the town, but no veiborough, and fea-port town in Fife- tiges of them now remain. In the fhire. It is pleafantly fituated upon a time of David I. Inverkeithing beriling ground, on the N. coaft of the came a royal refidenee : within thefe Frith of Forth, at the head of the bay 50 years, plain veftiges of the houfe which bears its name ; it confifts of wheee the King refided were to be <pne ftreet of conflderable length, with teen; It joins with ulrof>, Queens**

INVERKEITHING;aroyal

INV
ferry,
lies 1 8

IN V
The foil is toler4 to 5 in breadth. able, and a considerable quantity of grain is raifed in the parifh. There is no village, if we except a few ftragghng houfes near the church, which lies iz miles S. from Banff'. In 1793, the population, as ftated by the minifter in his ftatiftical report, was 460. ; an ancient burgh in Invernefs, which, according to Boethius, had been in former times a mofl opulent city, remarkable for the vaft

Stirling,

fending a miles N. W. of Edinburgh. In 1793, it contained 1330 inhabitants. The parifh of Inverkeithing extends in two branches about 3 miles W. and yl N. from the town, forming a right angle ; and none of thefe arms are more than a mile in breadth. The iurface, except the hills at the back of the North Ferry, called the Ferry hills, is either flat, or gently riling ground ; the greater part of which is a ftrong rich clay foil, yielding plentiful crops : even part of the Ferry
hills
is

and Dunfermline, in member to parliament, and

W.

1NVERLOCHY

refort

of French and Spaniards

it

was
(as

alfo the feat of royalty, for here

is

reported) King Achaius figned,

arable,

and produces good

is

the northern extrecold and muiry. Hufbandry is much improved ; and a Farmer Society has been lately eftablifhed, who have regular ploughingmatches, of which the fuccefsful competitors receive premiums. In this parifh are the harbours of North Ferry and Brucebd-ven at the former of which is a village, containing nearly 300 inhabitants : this ferry is well known to travellers, as the port oppofite to ^ueensferry, in eroding the Frith of Forth Brucehaven is a fmall village of 10 or 1 a houfes, near a fmall harbour for taking in coals. The ifland of Inchgarvie is alfo in this parifh ; (vide Inchgarvie.) On the top of Letken hill, there are fome upright ftones, placed in a circular form, faid to have been a druidical temple : in the northern part of the parifh is a ftone 10 feet high, called the Standing Stone, on which are feveral rude figures of men and horfes. The caftle of Rofyth is a ruinous edifice, built upon a rock, and furrounded by the fea at full tide ; it was one of the feats of the Stuart family, and is now the property of the Earl of Hopetoun. About 40 years ago, a lead mine was difcovered in Lord Morton's grounds, but the ore, though very rich, was foon exhaufted. Admiral Greig, the commander in chief of the Ruffian navy, was born in this parifh. The population, as ftated in Sir John Singrain.

Towards
foil

in 790, the league offenfive and defensive between himfelf and Charlemagne

mity, the

in after times it

was deftroyed by the

Danes, and never again reftored ; and of it there are now no remains, except fome paved works in different places, which are fuppofed to have been the
ftreets
:

it

is

called

by the old Scots

writers, the

',

Scotland. ancient caftle of Inverlocby, a fhort distance from Fort William, which was at firft named -from it the fort and garrifon of Iwverlochy, but changed to its prefect name in honour of King

emporium of the W. of Near where it ftood, is the

William. The caftle of In-verlochy is adorned with large towers, which, by the mode of building, feem like the Structures raifed by the Englifh in the " The caftle," reign of Edward I.
fays the rev.
cal

Mr. Rofs,

in the ftatifti-

account of Kilmanivaig, " has Survived the burgh, and now ftands alone,

in ancient magnificence, after having feen the river Lochy, that formerly filled its ditches, run in another courfe, and outlived all hiftory, and all tradition of its own builder and age : it is a quadrangular building, with round towers at the angles, meafuring 30 yards every way within the walls. The towers and ramparts are folidly built of ftone and lime, 9 feet thick at the bottom, and 8 above ; the towers are not entire, nor are they all equally high ; the weftern is the higheft and largeft, and does not feem to have been lefs than clair's Statistical report, was 2210, 50 feel: when entire : the rampart bebeing an increafe of 516 fmce 1755. tween them, from 25 to 30 : about INVERKEITHflY; a parifh in 10 or 12 yards without the walls, the BanffFhire, ntuated on the S. bank of ditch begins, which furrounded the the river Deverbn,w\idfe the large burn caftle, from 30 to 40 feet broad. The of Keithny falls into that river. It is whole building covers about 1600 from 5 to 6 miles hi length, and from yards ; and within the ditch are..7oo
I !

IN V
yards, nearly an Englifh acre and a
half.
derjier

INV
would
on the E. where Fort George \i about 93 miles and its greateft to defend breadth is nearly 50 miles. The broad
rebuilt,
;

The whole

building

quire from 500 to 600 men From the name of the weftern vale, called Glen-more-na-h'' alabin, exit." tower, and other circumftances, it is tends through the very center of the probable this caftle was occupied by county from E. to W. occupied by the Curmnings, in the time of Edward the large expanfes of Loch Nefs, Loch I. of England, when this clan was at Oich, Loch Lochy, and that arm of the its zenith of power ; and, previous to fea called Locheil, communicating with that period, by the Thanes of Loch- Loch Linnhe, through which it has aber, particularly by Banc ho, or been propofed to cut a navigable caBan quo, the predeceffbr of the royal nal from the eaftern to the weftern family of Stuart. little below the oceans; (vide Glen-more-na-hala.caftie is a pleafant walk, ftill called bin ;) befides thefe, there are feveral Bancho's walk. Near this place were other lakes, particularly Loch Archaigt fought two famous battles ; one in Loch Laggan, Loch Garry, &c. with 3427, between Donald Balloch, bro- the northern extremity of Loch Ericht. ther of Alexander Lord of the Ifles, On each fide of this extenfive vale, and the Earls of Caithnefs and Marr, the furface is wild, barren, and mounin which the forces of the latter were tainous ; Benevis, the higheft mountain defeated ; the other battle was in Fe- in Britain, raifing its fnow-clad head bruary 1645, when the celebrated 4370 feet above the level of the fea, Marquis of Montrofe completely de- and many other mountains approach feated the Campbells under the Mar- to near that elevation. On the banks of the lakes, and in the valleys, there quis of Argyll. ; a place in the pa- are many tracts of good arable land, rifh of Forteviot, in Perthihire, where and the country is every where interthe fmall river May falls into the Erne. fered by numerous rapid currents, It is famous for its birks (birch), ce- which, uniting, form feveral large rilebrated in the beautiful Scots fong, vers. The moft noted of thefe are, " The birks of Invermay." Here is, the Spey, Nefs, Lochy, Garry, Glafs, in a molt romantic fituation, the man- Sec. which, with the lakes, abound fion-houfe of Colonel Belches ; an e- with trout and falmon : the fmall rilegant modern building, finely con- ver of Foyers, noted for its trementrafted with an ancient tower in its dous cataract, is alfo in this county j vicinity. (vide Spey, Ness, Foyers, &c.) INVERNESS-SHIRE is one of the The weftern fhore, particularly of the moil extenfive counties in Scotland, diftricts of Moidart, Arifaig, Morror, bounded on the N. by Rofs-fhire, and and Knoydart, are indented with nupart of the Moray Frith ; on the E. merous bays, creeks, and arms of the by the fhires of Elgin, Moray, and fea (called lochs), which might be Aberdeen ; on the S. by Perth and rendered excellent fifhing ftations. On Argyll ; and on the W. by the At- the confines of the county there are fmall infulated diftrict, extenfive tracts of natural wood ; evi? lantic ocean. between the fhires of Banff and Mo- dent remains of much larger forefts, ray, is annexed to it ; and feveral of The fir woods of Glenmore and Strath' the Hebrides are politically attached fpey, the property of the Duke of Gorto this county. It comprehends the don and Sir James Grant, are fupdiftricts of Badenoch, Lochaber, and pofed to be far more extenfive than Glenelg, with feveral fmaller diftricts all the other natural woods in Scotpr glens ; as, Glengary, Glenmorifon, land together. Of late, the attention Glenfhiel, &c. ; the iflands which are of the farmer has been called to the annexed to it are, Harris, North and improvement of agriculture, and many South Uiji, Benbecula, Skye, Barra, have adopted the moft approved modes Eigg, and the fmaller iflets which are of hufbandry; but, in a country fo fituated on its coafts. It is further wild as the interior of Invernefs-fhire, fubdivided into 31 parochial diftricts. the advances in hufbandry muft be The mainland, excluding the ifles, ex- very flow. On the eaftern coaft, intends in length from the point of A- deed, and in the neighbourhood of r'rfaig on the W. to the point of Ar- the navigable lakes, the ufe of lime as

INVERMAY

IN V
a manure, has been generally follow* ed, and the fame advantage is open to thofe in the interior, from the excellent limeftone rocks which everywhere abound, and the immenfe forefts which afford the means of burn-' jng it. Notwithstanding thefe advantages, the principal employment of the farmer is the management of black cattle and fheep, efpeciallythe former; and numerous herds of goats are alfo to be found in every diftrict. The mountains and forefts are inhabited by immenfe herds of red and roe deer, which here roam in fafety, in recelTes impenetrable to man : the alpine and common hare, and other game, are alfo abundant. Invemefs contains only

IN V
dangerous tered over the country. banditti, not more than 18 years ago, infefted Inverncfs-fhire : the military from each fort purfued thern among the caves and faftnelTes of the mountains they confifted of a fet of thieves, deferters, and murderers, leagued together, to the annoyance of the whole country. The ringleaders were at length taken ; fome were executed, and fome tranfported. Since that period, the country has been perfectly quiet. Another material benefit, which has been derived from the forts, and the roads connected with them, has been the civilization of the Highlands. The Englifh garrifons which have neceffarily occupied the forts, and the number of travellers to whom the military roads have given accefs, have undoubtedly induced the example of gentler and more polifhed manners, and have aflifted in banilhing thofe exclufive
:

one royal borough, viz. Inverness, and feveral fmall villages, which are
to demand particular noGaelic is the language of the people in the northern, weftern, and fouthem borders; but, in the neighbourhood of Invernefs, the better fort ufe the Englifh language, which they are faid to pronounce with as great propriety as in any part of Scotland. They were indebted for this, and the knowledge of many ufeful arts, to the foldiers of Cromwell, who were ftationed here for a confiderable time, and afterwards became fettlers. When the feudal fyftem exifted in the

too

trifling

tice.

The

Highlands,

and when any

factious

chief had it in his power to embroil the neighbourhood in war, it was necefTary to erect fome military ftations to keep the Highlanders in fubjection accordingly, the trad: of the great vale,
guftus,

or Glenmore, Fort George, Fort Auand Fort William, were erected, commonly called the chain of forts By means of Fort acrofs the ifland.

Moray

all entrance up the Frith to Invernefs is prevented Fort Auguftus curbs the inhabitants midway ; and Fort William is a check

George on the E.

to any attempts on the

W.

Detach-

ments are made from

all

thefe garri-

fons to Invernefs, to Bernera barracks, oppoflte to the ifle of Skye, and to Caftle-Douart in the ifle of Mull. Thefe forts were originally of confequence in a military point of view at prefent the chief Lrvices derived from them, particularly Fort William and Fort Auguftus, have been, preferring the country from robberies for this purpofe, fmall parties are feat-

and partialities in favour of an individual fuperior, and of every thing attached to him, which had acquired fuch ferocity under the fyftem of clanfhip. The military roads in this county, made by the foldiers under General Wade, never fail to excite the aftonifhment and gratitude of travellers: they are executed with the utmoft induftry and labour, over inacceflible mountains, and through* modes and morafies, which before were impafTable to the lighted vehicle ; (vide Highlands.) By the fpirited exertions of the gentlemen of this populous county, the commerce and induftry of the inhabitants have, of late, been greatly increafed ; and, to facilitate the communication with the moft remote parts, application has been made to parliament, for leave to levy a tax on the proprietors of land, for improving the roads, and erecting bridges in this extenfive ihire. The vitrified forts of Craig-fihatric and Knock-fallaric, are feemingly the moft ancient ftructures ; (vide Craig-phatric and Knock-fallaric.) In the diftrict of Gknelg, are feen the ruins of many of thofe circular towers, which are feen in the Weftern Ifles, and other parts, concerning the uies of which antiquarians are not agreed. In their outward appearance, they are round and tapering, like glafs-houfes ; in the heart of the wall, which is perpendicular within, there are horizontal gal-privileges

INV
ieries,
:

INV

going quite round, and con- and county town of Invernefs-fhir<% nected by ftairs thefe afcerid quite to fituated on both fides of the river the top, which is open ; but, befides Nefs, where it difcharges its waters this opening and the door, there is no into the Moray Frith ; it is a large window outward but, towards the and well built town, having many eftairs, there are openings to admit legant houfes. On the High-ftreet, In the diftridt nearly in the center of the town, ftands light to the galleries. of Glenroy, or King's Vale, are feen the the Court-houfe, connected with the
;

famous

parallel roads, called

people Fingalian roads, and attributed to that hero: for a defcription of them, vide Kii.mainivaig, in which parifh they are fituated. The

common

by the Tolbooth; ahandfome modern building, with a fine tower, terminated by

a very elegant fpire. The Academy is alfo a fpacious and elegant building, erected in 1790; containing a large hall, and rooms for the rector and tutors. There is a fine ftone bridge of 7 arches over the Nefs, uniting the

principal inhabitants are the Clans of the Forbefes, the Mackintofhes, the Macpherfons, the Frazers, the Grants, and the Macdonalds ; and many or the proprietors pouefs elegant feats on the Moray Frith, the banks of the lakes, and near the weftern coafts.

two
S. is

fides of the

by

far the
It

extenfive.

town, of which the moft populous and burgh of is a royal

Limeftone is found in every diftrict of the county, in many places approaching to the nature of marble. Near the ferry of Ballychelifb, in Lochaber, there is a fine rock, of an afli-cqloured marble, beautifully fpeckled with veins of copper pyrites, and interfered with ijnail thready veins of lead ore, which is very rich in filver. In the parifh of Kilmalie, near Fort William, in the bed of the river Nevis, is a lingular vein of marble, of a black ground, with a beautiful white flowering, like needlework, or rather refembling the frofting upon a window, penetrating the whole vein. Moft of the mountains are compofed of a reddifh granite, which, according to Williams the mineralogift, is the moft beautiful of any In the parifh of Kingin the world. vjfie, a rich vein of filver was difcovered, and attempted to be wrought, but without fuccefs ; and, in other places, veins of lead, containing filver, iron ore has have been difcovered alfo been found, but not in fufficient quantity as to render it an object of manufacture. In the ifle of Skye there are feveral valuable minerals; (vide Skye.) The total population of Invernefs-fhire, in 1794, calculated from the ftatiftical returns by the different
:

great antiquity, having received its firft charter from Malcolm Canmore, which has been renewed by fucceflive fovereigns, until James VI. when the conftitution and fett of the burgh was
finally

fettled

it

is

governed by a

provoft, 4 bailies, and a dean of guild, affifted by 15 other counfellors, compoling a town council of 21. The old council annually elect a new, and the new council immediately elect their
office-bearers out of their number. There are 6 incorporated trades, 1 of whofe deacons, and their convener,

From are members of the council. the time of receiving their charter from James VI. to the revolution in 1698, the inhabitants of Invernefs were induftrious and enterprifing ; they carried on a confiderable trade in corn, and fkins, particularly the former: the greater part of the town confifted of granaries, kilns, and malting barns ; they exported grain to France, the northern countries, and Holland; and all the home confumption of malt vA the fhires of Invernefs, Rofs, Sutherland, and Caithnefs, in the Weftern. and the Orkney ifles, was fupplied _by the corn merchants of Invernefs. After the revolution, from various caufes, the town fuffered a gradual decline ; fo that, at the period of the rebellion
1745, it appeared little better than the ruins of what it formerly was. In the center of the town there were many ruinous uninhabited houfes; and
in

minifters, to Sir

John

Sinclair,

was

in

the continental part 48,701, and in the ifiands annexed to it 25,278 ; total 73>979 The valued rent, as ftated in the county books, is 318 81. 9s. Scots, and the real land rent is efti-

mated

at 70,5

~\o\.

fterling.

INVERNESS;

a royal borough,

other parts of it, every fecond fpace exhibited the ruins of a kiln, a granary, or fome other building. In the year 1746, the town began to revive
in

IN V
and, from that period to the prefcnt, particularly for the laft 40 years, it has
rapid ftate of improvement it is now almoit wholly rebuilt, and are yearly extending on its limits every fide. The principal manufactures are of hemp and flax ; the cotver.

IN V
of 250 feet above the level of the
ri-

Near

this

mount

is

lie

hill

of

been

in a

Grwig-phatric, celebrated for the remains of a vitrified fort; (vide Craigphatric.) Eelides that remnant of

ton and woollen manufactures have alio made their way here, and there are feveral tan-works, brick-works, and chandleries carried on. The harbour is fafe and commodious, allowing veflels of 200 ton's to unload at the quay, and vell'els of 500 tons can ride at fafety in the Frith, within a mile of the town. The fhips which belong to Invernefs, are employed chiefly in carrying to London the produce of the falmon fifhery of the Nefs, and the flans of otters, roes, &c.

antiquity, there are fome cairns, and few years ago, a druidical temple. on the weftern extremity of a hill overlooking the town, were the rum,-;

of one of Oliver Cromwell's forts,* and of a caftle, fuppofed to have been built

by Malcolm Canmore but thefe havp been razed to the foundations, and
:

caught

in that

neighbourhood. Thefe
;

back, in return, materials for ufe and luxury particularly hardware and haberdafliery, to fupply that extenfive diftrict, of which Invernefs is the capital, the communication with which is facilitated by the excellent military roads which go in every direction from this point. Invernefs has a great air of elegance, and has more trade and money than could be expected in fo remote a part of the ifland it has feveral good fchool nd the academy before mentioned, tfrablifhed on the moft liberal plan refembles an univeriity in every thing but the name. In 1798, the population w as eftimated at not lefs than 8000. The pariih of Invernefs is 10 miles in length, and %\ in breadth. The general appearance is varied, part being fiat, and part hilly, rocky, and mountainous it is unequally divided into two parts by the lake and river Nefs : there is no natural wood, but there are feveral extenfive plantations one proprietor had planted in J 793 155000 foreft trees of different kinds, and 4,000,000 of firs many acres have been lately improved, and the greater part of the arable land is of a light loam, exceedingly fertile. Near the town, on the W. fide, is Tomva-beurich, "the hill of fairies," a beautiful infumted hill covered with trees; it is of a lingular fhape, nearly refembling a fhip with her keel uppermoft its bafe is a parallelogram, the length or which is 1 984, and the breadth 176 feer, from Yriiidi it rifes to the height
veflels bring
;
r

the ground cultivated. Of the caftles of Macbeth, and, of the Cummings, which flood in this diftrict, nothing but rubbifli now remains. Cullederi mi/ir, fo fatal to the hopes and projects of the Stuart family, lies a few miles S. E. of Invernefs ; and near it is Culloien-boufe, the feat of the Forbeses of Culloden, where Charles lodged the evening before the engagement. For an account of the principal lake and river, vide Ness (Loch and R.iver). In 1 791, the population, as returned to Sir John Sinclair, was
10,527.

INVERSNAID;
parish of

a place

in

the

Euchannan, in Stirlingfhire, where barracks were erected, and foldiers ftationed about the beginning of

the 17th century, to repreis the depredations of thofe freebooters, par.. ticularly the clan of Macgregors, who, at that time, infefted the country. The barracks are full in repair, and a guard is regularly mounted by a

detached party of foldiers from

barton-cattle.

lum?

INVERUGIE ; a final! village in the parifh of St. Fergus, Aberdeenfhire, feated on the Ugie, where th It river difcharges i.tfelf into '.he ocean, There is a confiderable bleach field for thread ; and a porter and beer brewery has been for fome time carried on -to a great extent. Near it are the ruins of In^'erugie-caJIle, where the celebrated Field-Marfhal Keith was born. an ancient royal burgh in Aberdeenlhire, feated on the point of land formed by the confluence of the Don and Ury. It is a fmall town, and its increafe and improvement have been much retarded by its htuation, being inaccefiible on all (idts but one, except with boats, and even that mode was often impracticable, from land floods : this obftacle is

INVERURY;

II

IN V
now, however,
in a great meafure removed. By the fpirited exertions of the Earl of Kintore and Provoft Thorn, fubfciiptions have been promoted for a bridge upon the Don, and an elegant one was finiihed in 1791, at the expence of 2000I. A bridge over the Ury would contribute ftill further to the improvement of the

JOH
1792, the return of population wa# 712. JOCK'S or PIER'SHILL ; a place in Mid-Lothianfhire, about a mile S. E. from Edinburgh, where cavalry barracks have been lately erected in a moft elegant ftyle, and fufficient to accommodate a whole regiment. JOHN'S (St.), or St. JOHN'S a confiderable village ; in the parifh of Dairy, in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright. It is the property of the Earl of Galloway, who has

LODGE,

feued it on moft advantageous terms which fuccefs proved to the feuer. In 1794, it was calcuthe beginning of that good fortune lated to contain nearly 400 inhabitxvhich attended him during the whole ants, having increafed nearly 300 irt
in Scotland
;

Tradition reports, that it was creeled into a royal borough by King Robert Bruce, on occafion of a fignal victory obtained by him in the neighbourhood over Comyn Earl of Buchan, the King of England's general
place.

CLAUCHAN

of his reign.
?io<vodamiu

The

oldeft charter
;

is

by Queen Mary the preJOHN'S-HAVEN; a fea port amble of which ftates, that" Inverury town in the parifh of Benholme, in had been a royal borough time imme- Kincardinefhire about 9 miles N. morial, but that the charter of its e- from Montrofe, and 4 S. S. E. from rection had been loft during the civil Bervie. It was formerly one of the wars." It is governed by a provoft, greateft fifhing towns on the coaft ; 3 bailies, a dean of guild, a treafurer, but, owing to feveral of their boats and 13 counfellors, who have under being caft away and the men loft, and their management the fmall revenue the fevere exactions demanded for the collected from the cuftoms of the navy, befides the imprefs fervice, it burgh. Inverury does not appear has declined very much. It is now
;

a 9 years.

ever to have been a place of trade : indeed, it is chiefly inhabited by fuch mechanics as are employed in the neighbourhood ; it is fituated 14 miles W. of Aberdeen, and 51 N. N. W. of Dundee ; it gives fecond title of baron to the Earl of Kintore, who is fuperior of moft of the houfes in, the town. In 1792, it contained 360 inhabitants. The parifh of Inverury contains about 4000 acres, extending "W. from the confluence of the rivers Don and Ury, but of thefe fcarcelv 2000 are arable. The land near the rivers 'is generally a light dry mould, on a bed of fand, very early, and producing excellent crops in light ihowery fummers : from this ground it rifes gradually to the fkirts of the mountain of Benocbie, which is fituated about a mile W. from the boundary of the parifh. The foil of this elevated ground is not fo fertile as on the banks of the rivers, and is more adapted for fheep pafture. Mr. Johnfton of Woodhill occupies an elegant feat and beautifully ornamented farm, on the banks of the Don, flickered from the N. by a thriving plantation of various kinds of foreft trees. In
'

rather a manufacturing than a fifhing

village, a

company from Dundee hav-

ing eftablifhed an extenfive fail-cloth

manufactory, which fome time ago employed a great number of hands. In 1793, it contained 1019 inhabitants.

a parifh in the eaft; ern diftrict of Dumfriesfhire, called Annandale. It is about 4 miles in length, and 3 in breadth, except at one place, where it extends to 6 miles, watered on the E. by the river Annan: the foil is rich, and only requires proper culture to make it produce the moft luxuriant crops : the diftance from coal being 30 miles, and from lime being upwards of 18, is a great

JOHNSTON

drawback to agricultural improvements and, from this circumftance, oats, barley, and a few acres of peafe, are the only crops. The whole parifh belongs to the Earl of Hopetoun, as heir of the Annandale family ; and a
;

confiderable extent of wafte land has been lately planted by that nobleman. The weftern diftrict is hilly, and chiefly appropriated to the pafturage of fheep and black cattle ; of the former of which there are about 1500, an of

IRV

IRV
;

Ihe latter nearly 750 fed in the parifli. with 10 or 12 feet water on the bar a*. The ruinous caftle of Loch-Mood, once fpring tides. To this port formerly bethe refidence of the family of Annan- longed feveral buffes employed in the dale, is Iituated in the N. end of the herring filhery at prefent they employ parilh; it is faid to have been built in a number of brigs in the coal trade, the 14th century, and appears to have of which about 24,000 tons are annubeen a place of great ftrength, having ally exported. Irvine has alfo a dockprodigious thick walls, and being fur- yard for fliip-building, a large tanrounded with almoft impaflable bogs work, a rope-work, and a bleachfieldj Drs. Rogerfon and and a number of perfons are engaged and marines. Halliday, phyficians to the late Em- in the manufacture of carpets, muflins, prefs of Ruffia, were natives of this filks, lawns, &c. which are exported pariih. In 1793, the population was in confiderable quantities. The imports are iron, hemp, flax, wood, and (St.) ; an ancient grain, of which laft 10,000 quarters name of Perth, now difufed. Vide have been imported in one year from Ireland alone, befides what has been, Perth.

JOHNSTOWN

IONA, or I-COLM-KILL ; one of the Hebrides. Vide I-colm-kill. I R O G R AY, or more properly a pariih in Kirkcudbrightibire. Vide

KIRKPATRICK-IRONGRAY;
Kirkpatrick-Irongray. IRVINE, or IRWINE a
;

fea port

town, and royal borough, in the bailiery of Cunningham, and county of Ayr. It ftands on a rifing ground, of a Iandy foil, to the N. of the mouth of the river Irvine, the actuary of which forms the harbour. The fituation is dry and well aired, having a broad ftreet running from S. E. to N. W. the whole length of the town on the S. fide of the river, but connected to the town by a handfotne bridge, there is a row of houfes on each fide of the road leading to the harbour, on an uniform plan, chiefly inhabited by
: :

brought coaftways from Galloway. lies 15 miles E. from the ifle of Anan, and 61 W. by S. from Edinburgh. In 1792, it contained about 3500 inhabitants. The pariih of Irvine extends about j miles in length along the river of the fame name, which feparates it from the pariih of Dundonald, and its greateft breadth is not more than 2 miles. In the coaft, and the banks of the river, the furface is flat and iandy ; about the town it is a light loam, in fome places mixed with gravel, both, of which foils are abundantly fertile ; towards the N^
Irvine

extremity, the fituation is elevated, and the foil is a ftrong clay. Befides the Irvine river, it is watered by the Annock and the Garnock ftreams, all of which abound with trout. Boutree-billf the feat of the

eaftern

more

ieafaring people a number of the Hon. Mr. Hamilton* is the only genfime kind of houfes are built on the tleman's refidence in the pariih near road leading to Ayr none of thefe to it is an old caftle belonging to the fuburbs are within the royalty, but Earl of Eglingtouri, whole feat is in are locally Iituated in the pariih of the neighbouring pariih of KilwinDundonald. The church of Irvine is ing ; the caftle is faid to be the rea great ornament to the place, being mains of a nunnery, where there was fituated on a riling ground betwixt a chapel, a church-yard, and a village the town and the river, and furmourit- but, of thefe none but the caftle walls ed by an elegant fpire. It is uncertain remain. The face of the country is when the town was erected into a beautified by clumps and belts cf royal borough ; but a charter is ex- planting, which are equally of benefit tant, from Alexander II. confirming for fhelter and for ornament. There fome grants from other ibvereigns. was formerly in the town a convent The magiftracy of Irvine had former- belonging to the Carmelites, or White ly a very extenfive jurifdiction over Friars, founded by the family of Fulthe barony of Cunningham and Largs, larton ; but of the buildings of that
: :

now completely abolifhed. religious houfe, not the fmalleft vefhave an ample revenue ari- tiges remain. In this pariih arofe that fing from the cuftoms, and from a large religious feet, called from their.foundtract of land which rents at 500I. -per er, the Euchannites. In 1790, the poannum. The harbour is commodious, pulation, as ftated in the ftatifticai
but that
is

They ftill

Hi

ISL
;

JUR

report of the rev. Mr. Richmond, Was BanfFfhire, which takes its rife on the borders of Invernefsfliire, and empties 4500. Irvine a river in Ayrfhire, which itfelf into the Deveron, after a Ihort takes its rile in the E. fide of Loudon- and rapid courfe of about 12 miles, during which it receives many ftreams hill, in the parifh of Loudon; and paffjng by Dertitle, Neiu-milns, Galjton, from the mountains, which caufe it and R'ucario-Lvri-, falls into the Frith of frequently to overflow its banks after Clyde at the town of Iryine, where a fall of rain. It gives name to a disits mouth forms the harbour of that trict of Banffihire, Stratbijla, contracttown. In great floods it brings down ed Slryla. vaft quantities of land, which forms a JURA one of the Hebrides, lying bar at the entrance, on which the oppofite to the diftric~t of Knapda'le in depth of water at fpring tides is ge- Argyllfhire, to which county it is ponerally from 9 to 11 feet; in high litically annexed. It extends fully ftorms, with a S. or S. W. wind, it 30 miles in length, and is on an average 7 broad it is the moft rugged of is fometimes 16 feet. This river forms the boundary betwixt the bailiwicks the Weftern Ifles, being compofed of Cunningham and Kyle, in the fame chiefly of huge rocks, piled on one way as the Ayr forms the boundary another in the utmoft diforder, naked, and incapable of cultivation. The betwixt Kyle and Carrick. ISLA, 1SLAY, or ILA one of the chief of thefe mountains extend in the form of a ridge, from S. to N. nearly Hebrides. Vide Ilay. Is la, or Ila a river in Fcrfar- in the middle of the ifland ; they are fhire. It has its fource in the Gram- 4 in number, which are termed the pian mountains, feveral miles north- Paps of Jura, and are coufpicuous at ward of Mount-Blair bathing the a great diftance, terminating the weftfoot of that hill, it turns eaftward, ern profpect from the continent, and traverfes the long narrow vale of Glen- are often covered with clouds and darknefs. The fouthern one is termed ijhi, below which it forms a cafcade 70 or 80 feet perpendicular, called Beinu-achaolais, " the mountain of the the Reeky linn : after pafling the linn, Sound," as being near to the Sound of Ifla the next and higheft, Beinnit forms a deep pool of water, called Corral, famous for its trouts ; it then an-oir, " the mountain of gold ;" the divides into two branches, which, third, Bt'inn-fheunta, " the confecrated uniting again, form a pleafant ifland, mountain ;" and, that to the north, called the Stanner [flam!, of feveral Corra-bhein, " the fteep mountain." acres : it afterwards proceeds weft- Mr. Pennant afcended Beinn-an-oir ward through the valley of Strathmore, with much difficulty it is compofed receiving the Dean at Glammifs-caftle, of large Hones, covered with mofles the Melgam at Airly-caftle, and E- near the bafe but, all above were bare, ncht near Cupar: by thefe rivers its and unconnected with each other: fize is confiderably increafed, and now " the whole," fays he, " feemed a vaft flowing with a fmooth and gentle cairn, erected by the Ions of Saturn." courfe, it falls into the Tay at Kincla- The grandeur of the profpecl from There are only 3 bridges over the top compenfated for the labour i<eiu this river ; one at or near Airly-cajlle, of attending the mountain. From the another near the church of Ruthven, W. lide of the hill ran a narrow ftripe and a! third near Cupar. In rainy fea- of rock into the fea, called " tbejlide fons it proves very prejudicial to the of the old hag." Jura itfelf difplayed adjacent fields ; increafed by many a ftupendous front of rock, varied with rapid torrents, it overflows its banks, innumerable little lakes, of the moft and fometimes, with relifllefs force, romantic appearance, and calculated fweeps away whole harvefts, and de- to raife grand and fublime emotions To the ftroys " the well-earned treafures of in the mind of the Spectator. Near its junc- S. the illand of Ilay lay almoft under the labouring year." tion with the Tay, it poileuTs feveral his feet, and, beyond that, the N. of valuable falmon fifhings, but the filh Ireland; to the E. Gigha, Kintyro, are fmaller, and inferior to thofe of Arran, and the Frith of Clyde, bounded by Ayrfhire, and an amazing tract the Tay. hi..\ is alfo the name of a river in of mountains as far as Biwhmond, and
; ; ; ; : ; : ;

JUR
themountains of Argyll Proper. Scarba

JUR
vifiled the ifland, the
tie

number of

cat-

Ov-rthe finilhed the northern view. Weftern ocean were feen Colonfay,
Oranfay, Mull, Iona, Staffa, and the neighbouring ifles and, ftill further, the long extended iflands of Coll and Sir Joieph Banks and his Tyrie. friends afcended Bebin-Jlieunta, and
;

was much greater than

at prefent,

the inhabitants having banifhed thefe to make way for the numerous herds of fheep and goats which have been a native of the in a lefs pernicious degree, refe?tbled the furria infernahs of Linnaeus ; the fdlan, or little worm of Jura, fmall as a fewing thread, and not more than an inch in length, infinuates itfelf under the fkin, caufes a rednefs and great pain, and works its way from place to place : the cure ufed by the inhabitants is a poultice made of cheefe and honey. Sloes are the only fruits of the ifland; and acid is made from the berries of the mountain afh, and a kind of fpirit is alfo diftilled from them. Necefiitr has inftruited the inhabitants in the ufe of native dyes : thus, the juice of the heath tops fupplies a bright yellow ; the roots of the water lily produces^ a dark biown ; the aftringent roots of the yellow water iris is one of the ingredients in ftriking a black colour ; and the galium verum, called rhu by the iflanders, affords a fine red, fcarcely inferior to the rubia tinclorum, or madder. There is only one fmall village, cr.lled Jura, on the E. coaft of the ifland, inhabited by a few fifhers.
ifland, that,

introduced. alfo a fmall

Mr. Pennant mentions

worm,

though

found it, by actual measurement, to be 2359 feet above the level of the fea ; but Beinn-an-oir is conliderably higher, being elevated 2420 feet above the fame level. The W. lide of the bland is not fit for cultivation ; it i's wild and rugged, interfered by many

which come rulhing down and has been from the mountains deemed lb inhofpitable, that no pertorrents,
;

lbn choofes to fix his habitation in it. All the inhabitants live on the E. fide of the ifland : here, along the margin of the fea, the coaft is pretty level but, at a little diftance from the lhore, there is a gradual afcent. The whole of this fide forms a pleafant fcene ; the coaft, in feveral places, indented with bays and harbours; the arable and pafture grounds fpread out on the declivity, and terminate at the bafe

form

of thefe huge rocky mountains, which a romantic and awful background. The foil along the lhore is thin and ftony; higher up, it becomes muiry, with patches of improvable mofs along the foot of the moun- There are feveral barrows and ca^ffella tainsthere are numerous fprings, which in the ifland ; and on the coaft, near render the ground fpouty, and unfit the harbour of Small Ijles, are the refor cultivation. The only crops are mains of a very confiderable encampoats, barley, potatoes, and flax it has a triple line of defence, the ment only manure is the fea weed which is with regular baftions towards the land, call afhore ; the ufe of lime for that and near the E. end is a pretty large pnrpofe has not been introduced, nor mount, feemingly formed of the earth the practice of lowing artificial graffes, thrown out in forming the ditches. or laying out the lands in fallow or The ftcnes, forming the mountains, regular rotation. There are two fine are of white or red quartoze granite, harbours on the E. coaft of the ifland; fome of which are brecciated, or filled that to the S. is called the harbour of with cryftailine kernels of an amethyfSmall Ijles; the other is the Lowlaiid- tine colour ; the other ftones of the man's bay: there are alio fome anchor- ifland are of a bluifh-coloured fiate, ing places on the W. coaft. At the veined with red, fo fine, as to be ufed N. end of Jura are fituated 3 inha- as a whetftone a micaceous fandbited iflands, viz. Scarba, Lunga, and ftone, and, at the northern extremity, Balnahuaigh ; (vide thefe articles.) a quarry of micaceous granite. There Between Scarba and Jura, is that fa- is great abundance of iron ore, and a mous gulf, called Coryvrekan, from vein of the black oxide of manganeze Breacan, fon of a King of Denmark, on the fiiores of the W. coaft, there who perifhed in it. There are feveral is found great quantities of a fine kind kinds of red deer traverfing the moun- of fand, which is carried away for the tains there are alfo plenty of groufe manufacture of glafs. The climate of and black game. When Mr. Pennant Jura is very healthy, owing to its high
; ; : ; :

JUR
fanned by breezes. It coatained only about 750 inhabitants when vifked by Mr. Pennant; but, in
fituation,

JUR
nAhuaigk, with 3 fmall uninhabited ifles on the N. of Jura, form ths reft of the diftric~t. The population had
increafed 1220 from 1755, notwithstanding the emigrations to America. In 1793, the numbers were thus :

5793, the numbers were 1387. The inhabitants, like the reft of the Highlanders, are addicted to fuperftition, and have their diftinct clans. The

Jura,

Gaelic is the only language fpoken in the ifland. The proprietors are the Duke of Argyll, Mr. Macneil of Colonfay, and Mr. Campbell of Shawfield.

Colonfayand Oranfay,
Balnahuaigh, Scarba and Lunga,
- -

1387 718 132 79

JURA and COLONSAY

a parifh

of Argyllshire, compofed of 9 iflands, of which the ifland of Jura is the largeft ; the iflands of Colonsay and GRANSAY, of SCARBA, Ll'NGA, BAL-

Total, - - 2316 erroneoufly ftated in the Index of the 1 2th volume of the Statiftical Accounts at i8?8.

RAM
KAIL,
hills,

KEI
Roxcardinefhire, had, by a rigorous exercife of his authority, rendered himfelf fo very obnoxious to the gentlemen
re-

or

Kale

a river in

burghshire. It takes its rife in the parifh of Oxnam, in the border

and

ruris

meandering through of the county, that they had made

of Hounam

fine plain, in the parifhes

and Morbattle, till it enters the pariih of Eckford ; then it becomes confined between riling banks, runs more rapidly,
little
till

it

falls

into the Teviot a

below Eckford kirk, about 17 miles from its fource. It contains a

delicious red trout; and, as the banks of the river are little encumbered with wood, the angler meets with no annoyance in the purfuit of his diverfion.

The

vale through which it runs is noted for a particular breed of fheep,

Kail-water breed, which admired. KALLIGRAY, or CALLIGRAY one of the Hebrides, in the diftridt of Vide Call gray. Harris. Kame of Mathers -an ancient ruin in the parifh of Ecclefgreig, in Kincardinefhire, formerly a place of great ftrength, being erected on a perpendicular and peninfulated rock, 60 feet above the fea, at the mouth of a
called
is

the

much

peated complaints to the king. On the laft of thefe occafions, thr king, in a fit of impatience, happened to fay to Barclay of Mathers, " Sorrow, gif'he were fodden, and flipped hi brie" Barclay inftantly withdrew, and re-< ported to the other gentlemen the king's words, which they refolved literally to fulfil. Accordingly, the confpirators invited the unfufpedting Melvill to a hunting party, in the foreft of Garvock, where, having a fire kindled, and a caldron of water boiling on it, they ruffled to the fpot, ftripped the fheriff naked, and threw him headlong into the boiling veffel \ after which, on pretence of fulfilling the royal mandate, each took a fpoonful of the broth. After this cannibal
fraft, Barclay,

fmall rivulet. It was" built in confequence of a murder committed in the reign of James I. ; and the circumllance deferves to be recorded, as it affords a fpecimen of the barbarity of the times.- Mfilville, fheriff of Kin-

to fcreen himfelf from the vengeance of the king, built this fortrefs, which, before the invention of gunpowder, muff have been impregnable. Some of the confpirators were afterwards pardoned. ; a parifh in Aberdeenihire, united to that of Forbes. Vide

KEARN

Forbes and Kearn.

KEIG ; a parifh in Aherdeenfhire, of nearly a circular figure, from 3 to

KEI
4 miles in diameter, and containing 1704 arable acres, 431 in pafture, and 360 in natural wood, befides a conliderable extent of hills and muir. It is watered by the river Don; and the foil is various, and the furface unequal ; the hills are moftly covered with heath,

KEI
barren muir, by tire late Earl of Findlater; a neat and thriving manufacturing town, with weekly markets, and well attended annual fairs, and containing in 1 791, 1075 inhabitants; 3d, the New town of Netu-tnill, erected on the eftate of Lord Fife, and containing 330 inhabitants; and 4th, the Old town, called New-mill, containing only

and

afford tolerable pafture for a

few

fheep and black cattle. Putachie, the In thefe villages and feat of the family of Forbes, is in this 65 inhabitants. parifh ; it commands a fine view of the reft of the pariih, the principal the windings of the river Don for manufactures are flax-dreffing, fpinnearly 20 miles, and is furrounded ning and weaving, and a bleachfield with extenfive plantations, befides a has been lately begun on an extenfive natural wood of confiderable extent. fcale. There are alio a tannery and a diftillery, both carried on to good acIn 1792, the population was 475. KEIR ; a parifh in Dumfriesfhire, 8 count. The parifh fchool of Keith has miles in length, and on an average been long famous as an initiatory fefrom i\ to 3 in breadth. The foil is minary for young lads intended for in general light, dry, and fertile, ef- the univerfity, owing to the attention pecially in fhowery feafons: and there of the heritors in procuring able teachare fome fine meadows on the banks ers to fill that important office. There of the rivers Nith and Seam, confining are the remains of feveral druidical of a deep rich loam more than one circles ; and there are feveral chalythird of the furface is hilly, affording beate fprings, no ways inferior to the Near excellent fheep pafture : there is a mineral water of Peterhead. confiderable extent of natural wood, the old village of Keith, the I/7a precipitating itfelf pretty over a high rock, chiefly of oak and afh ; and feveral extenfive plantations of firs have been forms a fine cafcade, called the Linn Mr. James Ferguson, lately made out. The farmers are be- of Keith. ginning to adopt the improved fyftems the celebrated aftronomer, well known of agriculture, and to practife fum- for his mechanical and philofophical mer fallowing and rotation of crops. genius, was a native of this parifh. Limeftone abounds, particularly on Population, as returned to Sir John the eftate of Barjarg, where there is Sinclair, 3057, being an increafe of an inexhauftible quarry of that mi- 374 fince 1755. KEITH-HALL and KINKELL ; neral. In 1793, the number of inhabitants was 520, being an increafe of an united parifh in the diitoct of Garioch, in Aberdeenfbire extending anearly 200 within the laft 12 years. KEITH a parifh in the county of bout 6 miles in length, and 5 in breadth, Banff, of nearly a circular figure, with and containing nearly 11,000 acres. a diameter of 6 miles. It lies in the di- The diftrict is hilly and mountainous, ftrict of Strathi/la, contracted Stry'la, and the foil is partly fertile, and partnearly in the center of the county ; is ly barren, and unproductive ; which watered by the Ifla, and contains a tract laft is owing more to the expofed fituof as clofe, extenfive, and fertile a field ation, than to the poverty of the foil. of arable ground, as is to be found in The rivers Don and Urj water the paany pariih in the North the prevailing rifh ; the former of which contains foil is loam and clay ; the reft of it is great quantities of falmon, the fifhings light. It is in general fertile, though of which belong to the Earl of Kinthe feafons are late and the crops are tore. There are feveral extenfive oats, barley, potatoes, and flax. The moiTes, which fupply the inhabitants old mode of agriculture ftill prevails, with fuel in one of thefe have been except among a few of the gentlemen found feveral pieces of ancient armwho farm their own eftates. There our. Keith-hall, the feat of the Earl of are 4 villages, viz. ill, the Old town Kintore, and Balbitban, the feat of of Keith, befide the church, conii- General Gordon, are fine manfions, derably decayed, containing in 1791, furrounded with thriving plantations ; only 190 inhabitants 2nd, the New but the reft of the country is poorly tpwn of Keith, erected in 1750 on a flic ltered with wood, either natural or
: ; ;
:

KEL
planted. There are 3 druidical tern-' pies ; and a multitude of fmall cairns, on the muir of Kinmuck, are faid to point out the place of a dreadful engagement between the Scots and Danes. The hill of Benocbie, one of the Grampian ridge, elevated nearly 200 feet abo^e the level of the fea, lies partly in this parilh. Johnstone, next to Buchannan, the beft modern Latin poet, was born at Cafkiebean, which he celebrates; the Don, the Ury, and the Gadle, the waters of the neighbourhood, ave alio celebrated in his poems. This parifli difputes with GalJlon the honour of the birth of " The

KEL
of Greenlaw, in introducing marl and limeftone as manures, and the practice of fallow and green cropping. Along the banks of Loch Ken there are about 200 acres of the richeft land in Scotland, owing to the inundations of the loch, which lay this ground under water twice or thrice a year, leaving behind it, like the Nile, thofe principles which caufe fertility'. Befides Loch Ken, there are about 80 acres covered with lakes, and <;oo under natural wood and plantations. The royal burgh of Gallo-

New

way

is

fituated in this parifh,

and

near it the caftle of Kenmure, the feat Lafs of Peatie's Mill" Her maiden of Mr. Gordon, the reprefentative of name is faid to have been Anderfon, the Vifcounts Kenmure. Glenlee-Park, and a number of her defcendents ftill the feat of Lady Miller, relict of the refide in the diftrict. One of the fuit- late Sir William Miller (Lord Gleners, in an attempt to carry her off, lee), is alio in this parifh. There is being roughly handled by her father, a fine flate quarry in the N. end, commonly called Black- John Ander- which was formerly wrought, but has fon, in revenge wrote an ill-natured fallen into difrepute from unfkilful management there is a rich lead fong, in which he fays, mine on the Glenlee eftate, and with" Ye'll tell the gowk that gets her, in half a mile of it the appearance of He gets but my auld fheen." a copper mine. Near New Galloway, Scrimgeour, the high conftable of 2 miles farther S. there is an appearDundee, r and many of the nobility ance of lead, of which the vein is fo who fell in the battle of Harlaw, are rich, that pieces have been found on interred in the churchyard. In 1792, the very furface, almoft of pure lead. the population of the united parifhes In 1791, the population of the parifh contained 838 inhabitants. was 869. Kells Range, orRHYNS ; aridge KELLS a parilh in Kirkcudbright ftewartry, and one of the four which of hills in the parifh of Kells, extendform the diftricl: of Glenkens. It is ing in a N. and S. direction about 8 nearly of the form of an ifofceles tri- miles in length, reckoned the higheft angle, the bafe of which, at the N. in Galloway, being part of that exend, is about 6 miles, gradually di- tenfive range in which the Tweed, the minifhing for 15 miles, to the point Annan, the Clyde, and the other large where the rivers Dee and Ken unite. rivers of the S. of Scotland have their Thefe rivers bound it on the E. and fources, Kells Range is almoft entire * fides, and one of the ftreams of ly compofed of granite ; but one of the Ken is its boundary on the N. the hills contains great quantities of forming it into a fort of peninfula. the nneft iron ore, which cannot be The furface is unequal and hilly to- wrought to advantage at fo great a wards the S. there are large rocky diftance from fuel. On one of thefe hills covered with heath, and towards hills is a rocking ft one of 8 or 10 tons the N. the hills are elevated ftill high- weight, and fo poized on its center of er, termed Kells Range, (fee the gravity, that although movable by the next article.) The hills are interfperf- preffure of the finger, yet the force of ed with patches of meadow ground, many men would be requifite to move and, along the banks of the rivers, are it from its place. The rev. Mr. Gilmany fertile fields, of which the foil lefpie reckons it " a great natural cnriq/ity," and fuppofes it to have been is partly a rich clay, and partly dry and thin, but kindly, and producing < formed by nature juft as we fee it, good crops of oats, barley, &c. Hus- and lying on a ftratum of mofs two bandry is much improved by the ex- or three inches thick ; and the rains ample and exertions of Mr. Gordon have walhed away this mofs, and left;
: ;

W.

KEL
.the (lone refting

KEL
neceffary

on the two or three points:" but others are of opinion, that it is artificial, as a confidcrable number have been difcovered in other parts of the kingdom at Stonebenge in Wiltshire, at Balvaird and Dron, near Perth, and another in Kirkmichael parifh. It is fuppofed to have been of ufe in the myiceries of the druids; and, as fuch, Mason in his CaraSacus, has introduced it as an engine of fuperftition.
:

expences

of

the

burgh.

During the border wars, which long fpread defolation and mifery over the country, Kelfo was three times burnt down by the Englifh it was alfo totally deftroyed in 1686, by an accidental fire, and nearly fo about 60
;

ried

years ago. The principal trade caron is the manufacture of woollen cloth, the dreffing of lheep and lambs fkins, of which they annually export

" Behold yon huge And unhewn fphere of living adamant, Which poiz'd by magic refts its central

from 70,000 to 80,000. The fhoemakers are a numerous clafs, and

make annually 30,000

pairs of fhoes,

and 400 pairs of boots for exporta-

tion. Kelfo is a place of great gaiety; weight yonder pointed rock firm as it feems, it is often the feat of the Caledonian Such is its ftrange and virtuous property, hunt, and has well attended races, It moves obfequious to the gentleft touch which are run on a muir about 5 Of him, whofe breaft is pure ; but, to a miles diftant, in the parifh of Eckford,

On

traitor,

called

Gavertown Edge.

Tho' even
It

In 1793, the

a giant's

prowefs nerv'd his arm,

Hands

as fix'd as

Snowdon."

a confuierable town in Roxburghshire ; pleafantly fituated at the confluence of the rivers Teviot and F<weed, on an exteniive plain, bounded

KELSO;

number of inhabitants was 3557. The parifh, which formerly contained 3

parifhes, viz. Kelfo, Maxwell, and St. James's, is of an irregular triangular figure, each fide of which is 44- miles
in length.

The

foil,

for a confiderable

luxuriant crops. In the N. extremity, and in the S. the foil is clay, and the crops are considerably later. confiderable part is hilly, and though the greater part is arable, it is kept parifh church and cpifcopal chapel, under fheep pafture. The principal are elegant buildings, and add much crops are wheat, oats, barky>and poto the beauty of the town. There tatoes ; but any other crop fucceeds was formerly a handfome bridge over well. confiderable part of the ab^ the Tweed, which was carried away bey of Kelfo, formerly an immenfe in 1798, but it has fince been rebuilt. edifice, ftill remains, and exhibits a There is a Diipenfary, with rooms for venerable monument of the magnifithe reception of a few fick ; a public cence of ancient times. It was built fubfeription library was many years by David King of Scotland : he had ago eftablifhcd, and is now a molt va- a predilection for the order of monks luable collection. The Duke of Rox- of the Tyronenfes, whom he firft burgh, as proprietor of the lands, is planted at Selkirk ; afterwards relord of the manor of Kelib. His moved to Roxburgh, and finally fetGrace's anceftor, Sir Robert Ker of tled them at Kelfo, in 11 28. The Cefsford, obtained the grant from abbey was endowed with great reveJames I. of England, in 1605, when nues, and its privileges were very conthe town was erected into a burgh of fiderable. The abbot was allowed to barony. It is governed by a baron- wear a mitre, and other pontifical orbailie, appointed by the Duke, and 15 naments, and to be prefent at general ftent-mafters, of which the Duke no- councils. The remains of it have not, minates 7 ; the others are elected by like mod of the Gothic buildings, any the merchants, and the 5 corporations: minutenefs of ornament ; but, by its thefe have the power of impaling a plainnefs and magnitude, infpires the cefs upon the inhabitants, according mind with the grand and fublime, rato their drcumftanccs, to defray the ther than the pleaiing and beautiful.

grounds, covered with plantations, forming a molt beautiful amphitheatre. It is built in the manner of a Flemifh town, with a large fquare, and 6 ftreets going off from it at regular diftances. In the fquare Hands the Town-houfe, with the principal houfes and fhops. The
all fides

on

by

rifing

tract

on the banks of the Tweed and Teviot, is a rich deep loam, upon a bottom of gravel, producing early and

W.

Ii

KEL
Roxburgh-caflk
is

KEL
their profpects." In 1793, tlie population of the parifh of Kelfo was 4324. a river in Perthshire, which rifes in the weftern border of

another ancient ruin,

the parifh of Monzie, and, taking a S. wefterly direction, falls into the half of the year at his magnificent feat Teith about a mile E. of the village of of Fktirs. Befides his Grace, the fol- Callander. a pariah in Kirkcudlowing heritors alforeiide inthe parifh Sir George Douglas, Bart, of Spring- bright ftcwartry, about 6 miles iri cwooJ*fark; Admiral Dickfon ; Mr. Da- length, and on an average 3 in breadth, vidfon of Pinnacle-hill ; Mr. Walker containing 9500 acres. It confifts of of Wooden; Mr. Proctor of Scftlaw- 3 united parifhes, viz. Kelton, Gel/ton, fo<wer ; Captain Scott of Rofe-bank, and Kirkccrmick, containing, in 1793, and many others of fmaller property. 1600 inhabitants. It is bounded on * The variety of charming profpects," the W. by the river Dee, which fefays Dr. Doaglas in his report to Sir parates it from the parifhes of TongThe foil of Job-it Sinclair,'" which this part of the land and Balmaghie. country exhibits, renders it a difficult Kelton is generally thin, but in fome talk to. felect any of them. The views, places it is a fine loam ; and in others however, prefentcd from the cattle of a deep watery till, efpeciaily on the Roxburgh and Fkurs, defenire particu- fmall hills, of a conical figure, with thefe hills lar notice ; but, to attempt an enu- which the parifh abounds meration of their beauties, were to no are all arable, but they render the furpurpofe ; for, to be in any degree con- face very uneven. The great attention ceived, they muft be feen. The fcene is paid to the rearing of black cattle ; which appears from Keifo bridge, and but heavy crops, of various kinds of has often called forth the powers grain are raiSed, particularly on the of the painter, partakes fo much of banks of the river. Marl is found in the picturefque and elegant, that it great abundance in the Carlinwjark excites the admiration of every fpec- loch, in the northern borders of the From this the town is feen, parifh. The great road from Dumtator. with the majeftic ruins of the ancient fries to Port-Patrick runs through the abbey, and the handfome modern fa- whole length of the parifh, on which bric of Edna?n-hovfe ; at no great dis- are fituated the two villages of Cajlletance to the N. W. the lofty building Douglas, and Rkon-boi'/e,' or, as it is of Fleurs ; between the rivers, the re- often named, Kelton-hill. There are mains of Roxburgh-cajile ; near to this diftinct veftiges of a druidical temple Springivood-park ; towards the E. Pin- and, on two of the iflands of the Carnacle-hill and Wooden ; at the diftance Unvjark loch, are the remains of ediof a few miles, the Eildon hills, rifing fices, concerning which there is no in perspective ; as likewife the ruins tradition. KELTON-HILL, or of Rome-ca/lk ; the hills of Stitchel and Mellerftain ; add to thefe, the HOUSE ; a village in the parifh of winding courfe of the rivers before Kelton. Vide Rhon-house. Kelvin ; a river which takes its their junction, with anifland in each ; one of thefe and the banks of both rife in the parilh of Kilfyth, in Stirrivers covered with wood ; the fteep lingfhire, and, after a circuitouscourfe, precipices of Maxwell and Cbalk-heugh, falls into the Clyde at the village of and a Variety of other fine objects ; all Govan. Near its fource, it formerly muft induce every Spectator of tafte winded in a ferpentine manner through to exclaim, with tnthufiaftic pleafure, a fine valley, which it often overflowed, and did much damage ; but, it is Hie gelidi antes ; hie mollia prat a, Lynow confined in a ftraight artificial cori j channel, with high embankments, oriHie nemus ; hie ipfo tecum confumerer ginally planned by Sir Archibald Edavo." monftone, in 1790, and fince executed Mr. Pennant fays, " the environs of to the great benefit of the adjacent Kelfo are very fine ; and the inhabit- grounds. In paffing through the paants have much reafon to boaft of rifii of Eaft Kilpatrick, it flows under

equally admired for its Strength as a fortrefs, as the abbey is for its extent and magnificence : it has been in a fuiaous ftate fmce the reign of James The Duke of Roxburgh refides III.

Keltie;

KELTON^

RHON-

KEM
the aqueduct bridge of the Great Canal, which is 350 feet in length, 57 feet broad, and 5 7 feet from the top of the parapet to the furface o'f the
earth, either
it

KE N
which

loam or mould, among takes root ; and- in no inftance where this has been omitted, has a tree been obferved to vegetate Agriculture is water of the river ; it ftands upon 4 above 2 or 3 years. arches, each 50 feet wide, and 37 high. but little attended to ; for, though, This beautiful bridge was planned by the farmers are fenfible of the advanMr. Whitworth, and excuted by Mr. tages attending the ufe of lime as a Gibb in 3 years, from June 1787. tc manure, the expence is too great, and June 1790. The Kelvin has numerous the diftance too far, to allow its being Kemnay, the feat waterfalls, and drives a great deal of generally adopted. machinery, beiides affording water to of Mr. Burnet, is delightfully fituated many large bleachfields. Its banks on the banks of the Don, and furexhibit a variety of beautiful land- rounded with parks and pleafure fcapes, and, in fome places, are en- grounds, laid out with great tafte. In tirely covered with wood on both 1793, it contained 611 inhabitants. Ken ; a confiderable river irj Galiides. a parifh in Fifefhire ; loway. It takes its rife in the moim* extends in length about 4 miles, and tains of Kirkcudbngbtfhire, which its greateft breadth from N. to S. is border with Carrick, and flows in a about 1 mile. It contains 1850 acres, direction towards the royal borough of which more than 1500 are arable ; of New Galloway, below which it exof the remainder fome partwas planted pands into a fine lake, called LocfyKen, feveral years ago, and the plantations 4 miles long, .and ij broad. After are in a thriving ftate : all varieties of this it joins the Dee, and their united foil are found here ; but they are ge- ftreams fall into the Solway Frith at The diftricl through nerally fertile, particularly on the Kirkcudbright. banks of the river Fden, which bounds which it runs is called the 6lenkens. it on the N. It is alfo watered by a and is noted for the excellence of the fmail rivulet called Ceres burn, the lheep pafture which it affords. banks of which are high, and covered a parifh in Abeiv with trees, prefenting to the eye the deenfhire. Vide King Edward'. .Ken low i.e ; a fmall river in Fife* moft delightful and romantic fcenery. Freeftone, coal, and limeftone, abound {hire, which, after a courfe of about in the parifh ; and, on the eftate of 6 miles from near Cupar, falls into Blebo, was difcovered a vein of very St. Andrews bay. It abounds with rich lead ore, which was wrought for excellent trout, fome time, but given up on account a parifl\in Perthof the expence attending it : feveral fhire, in Braidalbin, lying- on both fides fine fpecimens of fpars were found, of Lock Toy. It is 8 miles in length, particularly of barytes. Population and 7 in breadth ; but the vale of in 1793, about 588. Glenorehay extends much .farther, and fome places of it are no lefs than 28 ; a parifh in Aberdeenfhire. It is a,\ miles in length, and 3 miles from the church Glenquaich alio in breadth; the furface is hilly, having li.es at a confiderable diftance, fepathe ridge called the Kembs running rated from the main part of the parifh through it from S. E. to N. W. The by a lofty mountain 5 miles over. foil for the moft part is a light mould, The village of Kenmore is neatly built, very ftony, and lying upon a bed of and delightfully fituated on an ifthmus fand : there are feveral haughs, of a projecting into the eaftern extremity fine rich loam, on the banks of the of Loch Tay, from which point is Don, which waters the parifh. There thrown over an elegant bridge of 5 is a confiderable extentof mofs, fome of arches. Loch Tay is 15 miles in length, which has been drained and planted, and its banks prefent more piclurefque and the trees are found to thrive re- fcenery than any of the other Scottifh markably ; but, it may be neceffary lakes ; vide Tay (Loch.) The furto mention, that, in planting in mofs, face is mountainous ; Benlawers, the it is requilite to throw into the pit third mountain in Scotland, rifing that is dug for the reception of the abruptly from the banks of the lake. plant, a, certain quantity of good The foil on the banks of Loch Tay ia

KEMBACK;

KEN EDAR;

KENMORE;

KEMNAY

KEN
a rich loam, ?_nd the arable parts of the hills are of a light moffy nature, Taynot unfriendly to vegetation. mouth, the principal feat of the Earl of Eraidalbin, lies about % miles from
furface
is

KEN
diverfified

with

hills

and

e-

minences

moft of them planted with ; various kinds of trees. The pariih is

watered by feveral

rivulets,

but no

4he village of Kenmare. The middle part of the houfe is old, in the form of a caftle, with turrets at the corners; but this being found infufficient for accommodation, two new wings have been added. The pleafure grounds around it are extenfive, and laid out with fine tafte, prefenting from the field and infield. There were formerly a fairs ; one at Kirk-hill, in Octowalks the molt beautiful profpecl the view from the top of an artifical ber; and the other at Cbriji's Kirk, in mount has been much admired. To May. The latter was held in the the left are feen the village of Ken- night, and is now quite neglected. more, the bridge and lake, with its " The name of this place," fays the iilands, furrounded with the lofty hills rev. Mr. George Donaldfon, in his of Benlanvers, Benmore, and Drum- ftatiftical report, " naturally enough mo'nd'i while, towards the right, the brings to recollection the celebrated houfe and policies prefent themfelves ballad of Cbrijl's kirk on the green, to the view. Burns gives the fol- commonly afcribed to James I.' King lowing beautiful defcription of the of Scotland. The fcene of it never has been afcertained with any degree of fcene

fcreams of great fize run through it. There are 4 heritors, viz. the Duke of Gordon, General Hay of Ramies; Mr. Gordon of Wardhoufe ; and Mr. Wemyfs of Craig hall ; the laft 3 generally refide. The old fyftem of agriculture is flill praclifed, and all the arable farms are divided into the out-

M Th' outftretehing
the
hills,

lake,

unbofom'd

mong

nor even very improbable, that, he may have feen or heard of Cbriji's kirk. Now, what hafte place more likely to ftrik'e the fancy The arches, finding o'er the new-born of this monarch, than one diftinguifhflream The village glittering in the noon-tide ed by fo lingular a cuftom. The circumftance of the market at midnight, beam," &c. may be fuppofed to fall in with his The houfe was originally called Bal- humour, and give birth to fuch fcenes Even the name hch-cajlle, and was built by Sir Colin as he has deforibed. Campbell, 6th Knight of Loch Ow, of the performance is defcriptive of who died in 1583, The rooms are the place ; for the green ftill encircles fmall, but well furnilhed ; and the the ruins of the kirk, and is, befides, hall contains many valuable pictures, the only one in Scotland that I am particularly portraits by Jamie/on and acquainted with, to which the name Vandyke: there is alfo a fine painting of the ballad is applicable." There of Scipjo, reftoring the captive to her are feveral barrows and druidical temlover, by Gavin Hamilton. In 1794, ples in the parifh. On the lands of the number of inhabitants in Kenmore General Hay there is a marble quarry, and other quarries of good limeftone. pariih was ^463. a parifh in There are % mineral fprings, both of ; Aberdeerifhire, about 6 miles long, which are chalybeate. In 179a, the and 3 broad, containing 6500 Scots number of inhabitants was 830. acres; 3730 of which are arable, 980 KENNET-PANS ; a village in the pafturage, 340 plantation, 150 mofles, county and parifh of Clackmannan, and the remainder muiry, and covered which formerly poffefi'ed a moft exwith heath. The foil in general is a tenfive diftillery. Vide Kilbagie. light loam, and, when properly cultia pariih in Fifevated, produces luxuriant crops. The fhire ; about 3 miles in length, and a.
fible,

The eye with wonder and amazement fills The Tay, meand'ring fweet in infant pride The palace rifing on its verdant fide The lawns wood-fring'd in Nature's na;

Cbriji's kirk, in my apprehenfion, has no fmall claim to that honour. It is well known that James vifited the moft diftant pails of his kingdom to hear complaints, and redrefs grievances ; and it is not impof-

precifion.

tive tafte

The

hillocks

dropt in

Nature's carelefs

in his progrefs,

KENNETHMONT

KENNOWAY;

KER
in breadth
rifing
i j
'

KET

and is fituated on a bank burghfiiire, which takes its rife in the ; from the S. to the N. command- pariih of Caftletown, and running W. ing a delightful profpect of the Frith forms for feveral miles the boundary betwixt Scotland and England. of Forth, its iflands, and the'Lothians It and from the N. extremity the pro- pours its waters into the Liddal, and fpect is extended over the greater part abounds with excellent trout. Ket ; a fmall river in Wigtonfhire,. of Fife, Angus, Perthfhires, and the Grampian mountains. The foil is all which runs paft Whithorn into the fea arable, and generally fertile, confifting at Pori-Patrick. Ketter in, or Catherine (Loch); on the S. of a light loam, which, towards the N. approaches to clay. The a lake in the pariih of Callander, in village of Ken noway is built at the Perthihire. Vide Catherine. top of a very beautiful and romantic KETTINS; a parifh in Forfarfhire, den the fides of which are fteep and about 4 miles in length, and 3 in rocky, and contain fome caves, which breadth. It lies on the N. fide of the have probably been ufed as hiding- Sidlaiv hills, and on a part of the valplaces in ancient times. It was form- ley of Strathmore. The greater part erly a very large town, on the line of of the parifh has a light thin foil, coroad from the ferry of Kinghorn to vered with heath and coarfe grafs 5 in
;

that of Dundee ; but, when the line many parts a rich clay foil prevails, of road was altered, it fell into decay: which is tolerably fertile. There are of late, it has again revived ; and, in 3 bleachfields, which annually lay 1793, contained nearly 600 inhabit- down about 130,000 yards: there are ants. The pariih abounds with free- 7 villages, of which Ketttns is the largftone, but the quality is inferior. There eft ; it is pleafantly fituated on a riare appearance of coal in feveral parts, vulet, which defcends from the Sidla<iv hills, and lofes itfelf in the I/la, and fome pits have been wrought but, as the quality was not very good, 5 miles below Cupar it lies on the and there is great plenty in the neigh- turnpike road from Dundee to Cubourhood, the mines were foon aban- par, diftant 12 miles E. by N. from Perth, and 14 N. W. from Dundee. doned. Population in 1793, 1240. KERERA.orKERRERA; an ifland Lintrofc, formerly Todderance, the feat of ArgylHhire, fituated in the found of of Mungo Murray, Efq. is a mile Mull, about 8 miles from the ifland of from the village, and is environed with Mull, and 1 mile from the mainland fertile fields and thriving plantations. of the di'lricl of Lorn ; it is 4 miles Haliburton-houje, formerly the refidence in length, and 3 in breadth, and is of the family of Haliburton, is now included in the parifh of Kilbride. the property of Lord Aboyne : in a Its furface is very hilly, and many of detached part of the parifh, 6 miles the rocks have a volcanic appearance; S. W. is the eftate and houfe of Banit is the property of Mr. Macdougal dirran. There are 2 ancient caftles ; of Dunolly, excepting a fmall farm one at Dores, and the other at Pitcur. which belongs to the Earl of Braid- In 1793, the population was 1100; albin ; it po'ffeffes 2 good harbours, decreafe 375 fince 17$?. called the Ardintraiiie and llorfe-fioe KETTLE, or KING'S ; bay. King Alexander II. when upon an a pariih and village in Fifefhire. The expedition againft the Danes, caught pariih is of an oblong figure, about 8 a fever, and died in this ifland, on the miles in length, and it comprehends 8th of July, 1249. His ihips were a furface of fomewhat more than 9 anchored in the Horfe-Jkoe bay, while fquare miles. The greater part of the he, for the benefit of his health, was parifh lies in the courfe of that ftrath on fihore ; and the place where his which extends from Kinrofs to St. pavilion was erected, bears the name Andrews, and towards the S. and S. Of Dal'ree (i. e. the King's Place J from E. part of the Lomond hills are inthat circumltance. cluded within its bounds. The banks two fmall iflands of the Eden, here an inconfiderable of the Hebrides, united at low water, rivulet, winding through the ftrath, are lying betwixt the iflands of Coll and of an excellent carfe foil, and the reWyrie. mainder of the pariih is of a muirifh Keushope; 3 fmall river in Rox- or raaffy furface, on a black ifandy
;

W.

KETTLE

KERNIBERG;

KIL
even among the hills the foil is excellent, of a black loamy nature. The village of Kettle is fituated in the low and wet part of the ftrath, liable to be overflowed by the Eden in floods. It is a thriving village, well adapted for the introduction of manufactures, from the vicinity of coal,

KIL
tended
to,

bottom

and enclofures are very

general : of late, the proprietors have planted a confiderable extent with various kinds of foreft trees, which have a thriving appearance. The village

of

Kilbarchan
fide

is

fituated

on theN.

lime, and ironftone, and excellent waLatbri/k, the refidence of Mr. Johnftone, is an elegant feat, furrounded with plantations, and ornamented with clumps and belts of planting. Freeftone abounds; and, in the lirneftone quarries, are fine fpecimens of
ter.

-petrified {hells,

&c. fome of which

are filled with calcareous cryftallizations. On Banden hill are fome remains of an extenfive circular encamp-

ment ; and, on the Down hill, about half a mile eaftward, is one of the fame kind. There are feveral barrows, which have been found to contain human bones. Clatto, an ancient caftle, faid to have been the refidence of the Seatcn family, appears to have been a place of great ftrength. In 1792, the pariih of Kettle contained 1643 inhabitants, of which 516 lived in the village.

KILBAGIE

a village in the county

and parifh of Clackmannan, pofielnng a harbour on the coaft of the Frith of Forth. It was famous for its extenfive whifky diftillery, which, with
that of the neighbouring village of Kennet-pans, produced an immenfe revenue to government, befides giving employment to 300 perfons, and feeding 7000 black cattle, and 2ooofwine. The eftabiifhment was completely crufhed by the oppreffive acts of parliament in favours of the London diftilleries ; and the utenfils, when expofed to fale, brought only 7000I. although they coft upwards of 40,000!. in Ren; a parifh frewfhire, about 9 miles in length, and from 3 to 5 in breadth ; its whole furface may amount to 24 fquare miles. It is bounded on the S. and E. by the Black Cart river, and watered by the Gryfe, and a fmajl ftream called Locher, which fall into the Cart at the N.E. corner of the parifh. The eaftern divifion is flat and loamy; the weftern is rocky ; the middle part is a deep rich clay. About 500 acres are covered with mofs, from 7 to 9 Agriculture is well atfeet deep.

of Loch Wtnnoch. It is a* manufacturing place, and has feveral extenfive bleachfields in its vicinity. In 1791, it contained 1584 inhabitants. It is built on a regular plan, of excellent freeftone, brought from a quarry of great depth on the W. fide of Bar hill one remarkable circumfcance attending this quarry is, that the freeftone has coal over it, and whinftone above the coal. The N. fide of the hill has perpendicular bafaltic columns incumbent upon coal. The rocks here are all of a bafaltic whin ; and many of them exhibit irregular columnar pillars. The pariih abounds with limeftone, and 4 pits of excellent coal are wrought. About 2 miles W. of" the village, on an elevated plain, is a huge whinftone, 22 feet long, 17 broad, and 12 high, called Gloch-o-drich, fuppofed to be a corruption of the words Clocho-druidh, " the ftone of the druids." It is of an oval figure, and appears to have been one of the rocking ftones made ufe of by the druids in their religious ceremonies; (vide Kells.) There are feveral remains of antiquity as caflles and encampments, both of a rectangular and circular form. Befides the village of Kilbarchan, another village is riling near Linwood mill, in the S. E. corner of the parifh. In 1793, the parifh contained 2506 inhabitants, and had increafed 1021 fince 1755KILBERRY; a parifh in Argyll,
:

W.

fliire,unitedtoKiLCALMONELL. Vide

KlLCALIWONELL.

KILB1RNY;
The
furface

KILBARCHAN

and

foil

a parifh in Ayrfhire, are various ; one

third being hilly, muiry, and mofly, fit only for flteep and black cattle; another third declines gently to the S. with a rich and fertile foil, partly of clay, fand, and loam ; the remainder lies on the banks of the river Garnock, and is compofed of fome of the fineft, deep moulds of earth and clay, generally yielding from 8 to 10 bolls of On the borders of the oats per acre. parifh is a fine loch, 2 miles in length,

and nearly \ mile in breadth, well ftored with pike and perch. The town,

KIL
ir village

KIL
marl and limeftone

; and many places 300 inhabitants, who are chiefly em- ftrongly indicate coal. Freeftone, flate, ployed in the filk manufacture. The and blind coal, are found at the Cock manfion-houfe of Kilbirny, an old or northern extremity of Arran. In caftle, was built about 300 years ago 1793, the population was 2545KILBRIDE (EAST) ; a pariih in by the Craufurd family, and received many additions about reo years ago Lanarkshire. It is about 10 miles in by the Vifcounts of Garnock. About length from N. to S. and from 2 to 5 46 years fince, it was repaired and a- in breadth ; it confifts of the united dorned by the Earl of Craufurd, but, parifhes of Kilbride and Torrance, 4-fifths of which are arable, the reft foon after, was unfortunately burnt it is now unroofed, and ruinous; and mofles and muirs ; the latter well athe beautiful policies are faft decaying. dapted for pafture, and flocked with In 1793, the population of the pariih upwards of no fcore of fheep. The arable foil is chiefly a cold wet clay, was 700. a parifh in Ar- lying on a bed oifchijlus, and the cli; gyllfhire, united to the parifh of Kil- mate is cold and variable, prefenting chattan. They coniift of 5 farms great obftacles to the improvement of on the mainland of Lorn, oppofite agriculture. Oats are the chief crops, the found of Mull, and 5 iflands, viz. and produce confiderably more than Luifig, Seil, Shima, For/a, and Eafdale; fuflicient for the confumpt of the peoThe foil of the ple. There is very little planting in (fee thefe articles.) mainland is various, and the furface the pariih but trees thrive well, and It is beft would much improve the climate by is hilly and mountainous. adapted for pafture but there are their fhelter, if liberally planted. The many arable fields which are fertile, village or Kirktown of Kilbride, is and produce tolerable crops of barley fituated in the middle of the parifh, and oats. The coaits poffefs feveral and is a place of conliderable importexcellent harbours, and abound with ance from its cotton manufactures. fim. The only buildings of antiquity, Lime, ironftone, and coal, are found which deferve notice, are feveral watch- in the greateft plenty. Petrifactions towers, by which fignals were con- are found in every part of the parifh, veyed to diftant parts of the country both of the recent and ancient kinds: of invafion or hoftile incurfions. Be- of the former are moffes, petrified by fides the valuable flate quarries of water, containing calcareous particles; Eafdale and Liang, there are veins of and of the latter petrified wood, ferns, filver and lead ore, and of iron, zinc, &c. and varieties of fhells, entrochi, and copper, in this pariih ; but, it is fifb.es teeth, coralhides, Sec. which alleged, that Mr. Rafpe the mineral- have originally inhabited the antediogift, who difcovered them, did not al- luvian ocean. minute account, with ways communicate his difcoverieswith engravings, of thefe petrifactions, vathat liberality which became him. In luable to the lovers of natural hiftory, 3793, the population of the united may be found in a valuable work, enparifh was 2060, being an increafe of titled, " The Hiftory of the parifhes of Ruiherglen ard Kilbride" by the rev. 568 fince 1755. KILBRIDE ; a parifh in Argyll- Mr. D. Ure. The parifh contains feshire, united to Kilmore. Vide Kil- veral fubjects of antiquity ; as old

of Kilbirny contains about

KILBRANDON

more.

KILBRIDE

a parifh in the county

of Bute and ifle of Arran, extending 14 miles in length, and 7 in breadth. The foil is hard and ftony ; but, upon the whole, tolerably productive. There are two fafe harbours, viz. Loch Ranza and Lamlajh ; the latter of which is a femicircle, defended at the mouth by Holy IJle, with an ifiet at each fide. In Goatlield, in this parifh, are found topazes and other precious ftones. There are feveral quarries of rock

This catties, fepulchral tumuli, &c. parifh has given birth to two diftinguifhed characters, whofe names will
never be forgotten by the literary world. The celebrated Dr. William Hunter, and his no lefs celebrated brother, Mr. John Hunter the anatomift, are natives of Kilbride, and received the firft rudiments of their education at the parochial fchool of that parifh. In 1792, the population

was 2359.

KILBRIDE (WEST)

a parifh in

Kit
Ayrfhire, extending 6 miles in length, and from a to 3-5 in breadth ; bounded on the W. by the Frith of Clyde, and comprehending the ifland of LeJJtr Cambray. The furface of the parilh is broken, rifmg in many places into high hills, feme of which are green to the fummit, while others are bare rocks, fcarcely covered with heath the whole is interfperfed with numerous rivulets, running at the bottom of deep and romantic glens: of thefe the glen of Southannan perhaps furpaffes the fcenery of any other vale in Scotland, for the fenes of waterfalls which pour down it from the tops of the hills to the fea. The fcenery is rendered more picfurefque by the ruins of a fmall chapel, and of the houfe of Southannan, formerly the residence of the family of Semple, and now the property of the Earl of Eglintoun ; Ardneel Bank deferves alio to be mentioned, from the beautiful and fequeftered fcenery which it affords. The foil, from the nature of the furface, is various ; but, upon the

KIL
KILBUCHO;
ty of Peebles and a parilh in the coundiftricr. of Tweedale, though not more than a mile diftaat from the river Clyde. It is 4-% miles long fromE. to W. and 3 broad from

N.
of

to S. It confifts of a parallel ridges

hills,

covered with heath and grais,

:

2 valleys lying on the N. of each ridge the higheft point of the hills is elevated 1400 feet above the level of the fea : the foil is tolerable, and might be confiderably improved, if fufficient attention was paid to husbandry. There are feveral iu-

and of the

muli,

and

cairns,

on which
is

fires

were
out

wont

to be lighted, as fignals of in-

vafion.
tle

The

field

pointed

where the Englifh lay before the batof Biggar.

Population in 1792,

362.
; a parifh in Argyllfhire, fituated at the northern extremity of the peninfula of Kintyre, on the borders of E. and Locks Tar~ berts and ifthmus formed by their approximation. It is united to the parilh of Kilberry, and the length of both, along the coaft of the Atlantic, is 16 miles, and its breadth, varies from 3 to 5. The furface exhibits great va-

KILCALMONELL

W.

whole, poor and thin. Hufoandry is but little attended to, and the old diviiion of infield and outfield is ftill preferved ; the former of which is re- riety of
gularly

hill

and

vale, plains,

woods,

regularly and lakes ; and the foil is no lefs vacropped ; while the latter receives no rious in its qualities, confifting of fand, manures and is allowed to reft two, clay, loam, mofs, and muir; which laft three, or four years "betwixt each, occupies at leaft one half of the paLime, however, is now rifh. The arable foil is pretty fertile, ploughing. beginning to be ufed; and, it is hoped, but the climate is changeable, and that, in a ihort time, the improved liable to fudden tranfitions from hot to modes of agriculture will be intro- cold, from dry to wet, and vice verfa, duced. The high grounds afford ex- The principal crops are oats, barley, Capt. Campbell, fon cellent pafture; and, about 2000 fheep and potatoes. and 610 black cattle, are annually fed to Lord Stonefield, and the rev. Mr. for fa*. In former times, about 150 Campbell, have introduced many agrimen ufed to be employed in the cod cultural improvements the latter has and white fifheries, but now thefe praftifedan improved method of plantbranches of employment are totally ing potatoes, which, from accurate and

manured, and as

.caftles

There are feveral ancient repeated experiments, in foil not fuand watch-towers, fome of perior to the average of Great Britain, which have been ftrongly fortified. In will, on a moderate computation, the Auld hill, one of the higheft in the yield 24 ftones per acre more than the pariih., is an inexhauftible quarry, of method recommended by the moft He a coarfe granite, famous for making approved writers on farming.
neglecled.
fevc-ral of the hills exhibit Dr. Robert volcanic appearance. Simpson, late profeffor of mathematics in the univerfity of Glafgow, author of the treatife on Conic Seccions, and tranflator of Euclid, was a native of this parilh. In 1793; the population was 698.

rnillftones

has, with fuccefs, applied peat dull, and roots of kail and cabbage, as a

manure to the potatoes ; and he has contrived a harrow for the purpofes of the horfe-hoeing hufbandiy, by which the furface can be fmoothed, and weeds deftroyed, without levelling the rows. The pariih abounds with

KIL
and fhell marl, and the coafts Ftirnifh fea ware in abundance, both for manure, and for burning into kelp. There are feveral harbours with fifh?ng villages, from which buffes are fent out to the herring fifhery. The entrance to Kintyre was formerly defended by a chain of forts, one at
limeitorie

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length,
rifes

breadth. The furface gradually from the S. and the foil from fand to clay, as we recede from the coaft. The general crops are oats and barley ; but every kind of grain fucceeds, under proper management. There are a variety of beautiful feats in the parifh ; of which Baleach fide of the ifthmus of Tarbert, carras, the feat of the Earl of Balcarand one in the center ; one of which, ras, is the moft confpicuous, feated the caftle of Tarbert, is a fine old ruin: on an eminence, and commanding an there are alfo the remains of feveral extenfive profpect of the Frith of other fortifications, particularly one Forth, the city of Edinburgh, and the with vitrified walls, on the hill of Dunf- fertile country of the Lothians. The keig. The number of inhabitants in fituations of the beautiful manfions of 1793, was 24-48, and had decreafed Kilconqichar, Newton, Lathallan, Kin412 within the laft ten years, owing craig, and Grange, are alfo highly adto emigration. mired the caftle of Hires deferves aparifh in Argyll- alfo to be mentioned, although its anmire, in the ifland of Hay ; fo named cient magnificence has greatly decayfrom St. Chomanus, who was fent hi- ed. There are 4 villages or fmall ther by St. Columba, to preach the towns, viz. Colinjburgh, containing agofpel. It is 30 miles long, and 6 bout 360 inhabitants; the ancient broad : around the coaft the land is royal burgh of Earl's-ferry, containing arable, pi"oducing good crops of corn, 350; KUconquhar, 258; and Barnyards barley, flax, and potatoes. The foil about 200. On the W. of EarFs-ferry is of different qualities and the fhell is Kincraig rock, remarkable for its Fand and fea weed, mixed with peat caves, in which, it is faid, Macduff mofs, are found to be an excellent lay concealed, when obliged to fly manure. There is one lake which co- from Macbeth, after the murder of vers 100 acres of land on it is a fmall King Duncan. Near the town of Kilifland, ftrongly fortified. In 1793, conquhar is a fine lake, ~ of a mile in the population was 2300. length, and ^ of a mik in breadth, KILCHRENAN; a parifli in Ar- with two fmall iflands planted with gyllfhire, united to Dalavich. It fhrubs. Coals of excellent quality are extends 12 miles in length, and 8 in found in every part of the parifh, and breadth, comprehending about 6000 limeftone is alfo abundant: in the rock acres, lying on both fides of Loch Ozu. of Kincraig are found fpecimens of Befides this lake, it has 2 or 3 other bafaltic ftone, which takes a fine poexpanfes of water, in which are ifiets lifh. Rubies of a good water are with caftles, noted as the fcenes of fometimes found on the flicre, near many Fingalian exploits. The furface the harbour of Earl's-ferry. In 1795, is much diverfified, and interfered by the parifh contained 2013 inhabitants; numerous ftreams defcending from decreafe 118 fince 1755. the hills. Heath is the general coverKILDA (St.), or HIRTA ; the ing ; but, fince the introduction of moft remote of the Scottifh Weftern fheep-farming, the pafture is more Ifles, the neareft land to it being Harluxuriant, and the hills have affumed ris, from which it is diftant 60 miles a greener hue on the fhores of the in a W. S. W. direction ; and it is alakes there is excellent arable land, bout 140 miles from the neareft point natural pafturage, and much valuable of the mainland of Scotland. It is awood. Mr. Campbell of Sonachan re- bout 3 miles long from E. to W. fides on his eftate in this parifh, near 2 broad from N. to S. and about 9^ the banks of Loch O-jj. In 1792, the in circumference. The whole ifland population, as ftated in the ftatiftical is fenced about with one continued report of the rev. Mr. Campbell, was perpendicular face of rock, of prodi1124. gious height, except a part of the bay a parifh in Fife- or landing-place, lying towards tli'e fhire, fituated on the coaft of the Frith S. E. and even there the recks are of of Forth. It extends about S miles in great height ; and the narrow paffage

and

2 in

varies

KILCHOMAN;

KILCONQUHAR;

Kk

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to the top of the rock
is

KIL
fo fteep, that

a few men with ftones, could prevent any hoftile multitude from landing on the ifland. The bay is alfo difficult of accefs, as the tides and waves are fo impetuous, that, unlefs in a calm, it is extremely dangerous of approach.
furface of the ifland is rocky, riling into 4 high mountains, and covered to the depth of 6 or 1 8 inches with a blackifh loam, except on the tops of the hills, where is 3 feet depth of mofs. The foil is well adapted for corn ; but the natives prefer rearing of fheep, and killing of wild fowl, to

and other garden plants are only begun to be ufed. There are feveral fprings, which form a fmall burn that runs clofe by the village this is fttuated about a quarter of a mile from the bay on the S. E. and all the inha:

The

bitants of the ifland live in it. The number of inhabitants, in 1764, was only 88 : but, formerly, they were

j and, under proper the ifland might eafily fupport 300. Martin, who vifited it in 1690, and who gives a very interefting account of its inhabitants, found at that time 180 perfons; but, in 1730, the more toilfome bufmefs of hufband- one of the St. Kildans coming to Harry, and raife only a fmall quantity of ris, was attacked with the fmall-pox, corn around the village. The foil, and died : unluckily, his clothes were though naturally poor, is, however, carried to the ifland next year by one rendered extremely fertile by the of his relations, and thus was the inlingular induftry of the inhabitants, fection communicated, which made who manure their fields, fo as to con- fuch havoc, that only 4 grown perfons vert them into a fort of garden. All were left alive. Their houfes are built the inftruments of agriculture theyufe, in two pretty regular rows, facing one or indeed require, according to their another, with a ftreet running in the fyftem, is afpade, a mallet, and a rake middle. Thefe habitations are nearly After turning up the flat in the roof, like thofe of the Orior harrow. ground with the fpade, they rake it ental nations ; for, as their ifland is very carefully, removing every fmall peculiarly fubject to hurricanes, if ftone, every noxious root, or growing their houfes were raifed in the roof, weed that falls in their way, and with the firft winter ftorm would blow the mallet pound down every ftifF clod them down. The walls are built or" to duft : they then manure it with a coarfe freeftone, without lime or morrich compoft, prepared in the manner tar, but made folid by alternate layers afterwards to be defcribed. It is cer- of turf in the middle of the walls are tain, that a fmall number of acres the beds, formed alfo of ftone, and oprepared in this manner, muft yield a verlaid with large flag ftones, capable greater return, than a much greater of containing three perfon6, and having number poorly cultivated, as in the a fmall opening towards the houfe. other Weftein Ifles. The inhabitants All their houfes are divided into two of St. Kilda fow and reap much ear- apartments, the interior of which is lier than others in the fame latitude : the habitation of the family; the other, the heat of the fun, reflected from the neareft the door, receives the cattle high hills upon the cultivated land to- during the winter feafon. The wall* wards the S.E. is very great, and the of their houfes are raifed to a greater climate being rainy, the corn grows height than the cottages of the other The harveft is weftern iflands : this is done to allow faftj and ripens early. commonly over before September them to prepare the manure for their and, if it unfortunately happens other- fields, which is done in the following wife, the whole crop is liable to be manner : after having burnt a confideftroyed by the equinoctial Itorms, derable quantity of dried turf, they which in this ifland are attended with fpread the afhes with the greateft care the moft dreadful hurricanes and ex- over the apartment in which they eat ceffive rains. Barley and oats are only and flcep : thefe allies, fo exactly laid fuwn ; and, of the former, about 50 out, they cover with a rich vegetable bolls are generally brought every year mould, or black earth ; over this bed to Harris, and the grain is of a very of earth, they fcatter a proportionable fuperior quality to that produced by quantity of peat duft this done, they the other Weftern Ifles. Potatoes have water, tread, and beat the compoft Veen lately introduced ; and cabbages into s. hard floor, on which they inv

mure numerous
regulations,

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:
|

KIL

Mediately kindle large fires, and never' cord, able to fuftain a great weight, extinguish, till they have a fufficient; and durable enough to laft two geneto prevent its receiving inftock of new afhes on hand. The fame rations operations are punctually repeated, juries from the fharp edges of the rocks, it is covered with iheep (kins, till they are ready to fow their barley, by which time the walls of their houfes dreffed in the fame manner. This are funk down, or rather their floors rope is the mod valuable piece of furhave rifen about 4 or 5 feet. The niture a St. Kilda man can be pofmanure thus produced is excellent, feffed of: it makes the firft article in and, (battered every year over their the teftament of a father and, if it fields, caufes the land to yield large fall to a daughter's fhare, lhe is efteemcrops. They fpeak highly in itspraife, ed one of the beft matches in the and term it a " commodity ihejiimably ifiand. By the help of thefe ropes, precious." Though cleanlinefs is highly the people of the greatcft prowefs exconducive to health and longevity, amine the fronts of rocks of prodiLinked together in yet, in fpite of the inftance of indeli- gious height. cacy already given, and many more couples, each having the end of the which might have been added, the cord faftened about his waift, they go St. Kildans are as long-lived as other down and afcend the mod dreadful men. Their total want of thofe arti- precipices : when one is in motion, cles of luxury, which deftroy and e- the oth.:r plants himfelf in a ftrong nervate the conftitution, and their mo- fhelf, and takes care to have fo fure derate exercifes, keep the balance of footing, that, if his fellow-adventurer life equal between them, and thofe of makes a falfe ftep, and tumble over, a more civilized country. Befides the he may be able to fave him when habitations we have mentioned, there one has arrived at a fafe landing-place, are a number of cells or ftorehoufes he feats himfelf firmly, while the other Mr, Macauly Scattered over the whole ifiand. Thefe endeavours to follow. are compofed entirely of ftones, and gives an inftance of the dexterity of are from 12 to 18 feet in length, and the inhabitants of St. Kilda in catchlittle more than 7 in breadth and ing wild fowl, to which he was an eyeheight. Every ftone hangs above that witnefs. One of them fixed himfelf on immediately below it, not perpendi- a craggy fhelf; his companion decularly, but inclining towards the op- fcended about 60 feet below, and pofite fide, fo that the two upper having darted himfelf away from the courfes are near enough to be covered face of a moft alarming precipice hangwith a flat ftone, giving the whole the ing over the ocean, he began to play appearance of an arch to hinder the his gambols he fung merrily, and rain from penetrating the cell, the out- laughed very heartily ; at laft, having ward part is covered with turf, which afforded all the entertainment hecould, continues green and verdant for a con- he returned in triumph, full of his own fiderable time. In thefe the inhabit- merit, with a large ftring of fowls aants fecure their peats, eggs, and wild bout his neck, and a number of eggs fowl, of which every St. Kildan has in his bofom. They feed a confiderhis fhare, in proportion to the rent he able number of flieep in their hills pays, or the extent of land he poffeffes. and, in purfuing thefe, they exhibit In this, aswell as their ancient cuftoms, no lefs agility, than ftrcngth they they regard with jealoufy any inno- fingle one out of the' flock, and purvation. The St. Kilda method of fue it over the higheft rocks, never catching wild fowl is very entertain- leaving the purfuit till they have ieing. The men are divided in fowling eured their prey. The Laird qf Macparties, each of which generally con- Icod is the proprietor, and the ifiand iifts of 4 perfons, diftinguifhed for their is vifited anrually by his fteward, to agility and lkill. Each party muft colledt the rents, which are paid in have at leaft one rope, about 30 fa- iheep, butter, ohetfe, and wild fowl, thoms long, made out of a ftrong raw particularly the Solon geeit\ which cow hide, falted for the purpofe, and build here in innumerable multitudes. cut circularly into 3 thongs of equal The ifiand is furrounded with feve/al length ; thefe thongs being clofely fmall infulated rocks, which are cotwifted together, form a threefold vered with fea fowl. Flucrs, fparsj.
;
: : :
j

Kka

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found on the N. fide of the ifland ; but mineralogifts have never extended their refearches to this remote corner.

KIL
fmall plantations around the manfton-* houfes of Brux, the feat of Mr. Forbes, and of Clova, the feat of Mr.

and rock

cryftal, are

Lumfden of Auchindoir.

The

caftle

a parifh in ArgyllIhire, in the ifland of Hay. It is fituated on the S. E. end of the ifland, and extends above 15 miles in length, and 6 in breadth. The foil is various, producing crops of oats, barley, flax, and potatoes. There are feveral harbours, particularly Loch Knock, on which is fituated the fmall village of Kildalton, containing about 100 inhabitants. About 2 fquare miles are covered with natural wood, from which almoft the whole inhabitants of the ifland are fupplied. There are the remains of feveral Danifli encampments, and many of the places bear Danifli names. In 1793, it contained

KILD ALTON;

of Kildrummy, anciently a feat of King Robert Bruce, is a ruin of great antiquity, and appears to have been ftrongf ly fortified, having fubterraneous paffages and concealments. In 1795, the population was 568 ; increafe 6 fince
a parifh in Argyllof Cowal, 15 miles long, by 3, 4, 5, and in fome places 6 broad; about 17 miles N. of the ifland of Arran. The furface and coaft are very rugged, and the foil thin, and poorly cultivated. Some kelp is annually made, and about 20 or 22 boats are fitted out from the parifh for the profecution of the herring fifhery. There are feveral fmall lakes, which ahound with trout ; and the parifh is beautified by a confiderable extent of natural wood, of oak, birch, alder, &c. and particularly afh, of which laft there is a thriving plantation 3.round the manfion-houfeof Mr. Camp-,
fhire, in the diftridt

KILFINAN;

about 1600 inhabitants.

KILDONAN;

a parifli

in

the

county of Sutherland. It extends about 20 miles in length in the fiiape of a wedge, 8 miles at one end, and not half a mile at the other it lies on each fide of the river Hehnfdale, and 3 fmall rivulets which run into
;

that river.
is

The

mountainous, grounds the foil

general appearance but in the haugh

is light, fertile,

and

Mr. Lamont of Lamont the principal proprietor. In 1793, the population was 141 7; decreafe 376 fince 1755.
bell of Otter.
is

productive of tolerable crops. There KILFINICHEN and KILVICEUare 6 principal mountains, and 10 fmall a large united parifli in Argyll-. ; lakes, which abound with trout. The fhire, in the ifland of Mull ; now ge^ diftridt contains many Pictifh caftles nerally termed the parifli of Ross, or towers ; and there are 3 fubterra- from a large diftriiS of it fo named,. ncan paflages under the, Helm/dale, It extends 22 miles in length, and its from fortifications on one fide to for- greateft breadth is about 12. To it tifications on the oppofite fide of the belong the iflands of Inch-Kenneth, river; it is fubject to inundations, 2?o/y2/,andthefar-famedI-coLM-KiLL, from the fudden rifings of the river, which are feparated from Midi by the and has been twice inundated by wa- found of I. The general appearance terfpouts, one of which carried off a of the parifh is barren, and the mounwhole /healing, with the family and tains, efpeciafly Bein-more, are elevated every part exhiIn 1792, the population was to a great height cattle. bits bafaltic columns, and other vol-, 1365. ; a parifli in Aber- canic appearances. There are feveral deenfhire, fituated in a valley, from quarries of excellent marble, and coa.la 2 to 3 miles fquare ; divided into 2 un- appear in different parts. There are equal parts by the river Don, about many caves of very great extent. The 20 miles from its fource. The foil is rev. Mr. Campbell, in his ftatiftical a deep rich loam, exceedingly fertile, report, noticing the number of great but the old diviiion of farms into out- men who were natives of, or had refield and infield is ftill practifed ; and fided in this parifli, mentions St. Coit is only in the latter that any agri- lumba, St. Aidan, St. Finan, St. Colc Rural improvements have been in- man, St. Cuthbert, Adamnan, Campconfiderable extent on bell, and Veremond ; and " many duced. 'cj of the Don is covered with more," fays Mr. Campbell, " whofe

EN

KILDRUMMY

natural

wood

and there are fome very names would form a large cata-

KI L
jogue."
In 1793, the

KIL
number of
in-

chief Baron Montgomery ; Cray, the habitants was 3002, being an increafe feat of Mr. Richardfon ; allinkrain y the feat of Mr. Dunmore ; Balquhain, of 1 317 iince 1755. KILLALLAN. Vide Houston. the feat of Mr. Buchannan, and Cara parifh in Argyll- bet b, the feat of Mr. John Buchannan, (hire, in the ifland of Hay, united to are elegant refidences. The woods Kilmeny, and frequently termed produce great numbers of indigenous plants, of which Mr. Ure, in his ftatifBowmore, from the name of the village in which the church is fituated. tical report, gives a lift. There are fome fine large yew trees, which are It is about 18 miles long, and 8 broad and the furface is partly low, and frequented by the motacilla regulus t partly hilly, and covered with heath. or golden-crefted wren, the fmalleft Bowmore is fituated on the banks of bird in Europe. This parifn afforded an arm of the fea called Locbindaal, a fafe retreat to the brave Sir Wilinto which the river Killarrozv dis- liam Wallace, when the power of charges itfelf : the parifh is alfo wa- Edward I. over-run Scotland: Napier. tered by the river Luggan, which of Merchifton relided in it, at Gartempties itfelf into a bay of the fame nefs, whilft he made his logarithmical name. In this parifh is fituated the calculations ; and it gave birth to-

KILLARROW;

elegant refidence of Mr. Campbell of George Buchannan, the celebrated Shawfield, the proprietor of the whole poet and hiftorian; to whofe memory ifland. In 1793, the number of inha- a beautiful monument has been erected bitants was 4500, of which 500 lived by voluntary fubicription : it is an o belifk of white freeftone, 19 feetfquare in the village of Bowmore. KILLCHAT- at the bafe, and 103 feet high, tapering to a point, fituated in the village TAN. Vide Kilbrandon, &c. and KILCHENZIE; of Killearn, from whence it is vifible an united parifh in Argyllfliire, in Kin- to a great diifance. The foundation tyre ; about 1 miles in length, and was laid in 1788, and it was completed Population in 4 in breadth. The foil along the coaft the year following. is fandy and fharp, but, when well 1793% 973manured, produces good crops of a parifh in Rofsbarley, oats, and potatoes; higher up, fhire, extending 5 miles in length, and the foil becomes mofTy, and in the 2 in breadth. The foil is various, but hills there is little green pafture, being in general favourable for cultivation. moftly covered with heath. There Agricultural improvements are veryare feveral Danifh forts, fome rude backward ; the fyflem of alternate obeliiks, and the remains of a vitrified cropping of oats and barley greatly tower. One of the obeliiks meafures impoveriih. the ground, and, it is faid, 16 feet above ground, and is 4 feet that, except on the farms of the probroad, and i\ thick, fculptured with prietors, Mr. Grant of Radcaftld, and figures of men and .Saxon letters. In Mr. Mackenzie cf Kilcoy, 'there is not 1794, the population was 19 n, being a plough in the parifh worth more than a decreafe of 480 fince 1795, chiefly 6 or 7 fhillings. There are numerous cairns and tumuli, fome of which are owing to emigration. The man; a parifh in Stirling- of uncommon magnitude. ftiire, in the weftern extremity of iion-houfes of RedcajHe and Kilcoy Strathblane. It is ia miles in length, have evidently been built more fos* and on an average if in breadth. The defence than for elegance, or com-

KILLBRANDON &
KILLEAN

KILLEARNAN;

KILLEARN

foil is various, but generally fertile, fortable accommodation. In 1793, and the unrounding fcenery is highly the population was 1147. KILLICRANKIE a noted pafs in picturefque and beautiful. It is watered by the Blane and Endrick, on the Highlands of Athol, near the juncthe latter of which is the village of tion of the Tummel with the Gerry. It Killearn, containing about 230 inha- is formed by the lofty mountains imbitants. The parifh contains many pending over the Garry, which rufhes feats, which, with their extenfive po- below in a dark, deep, and rocky licies and pleafure grounds, give it a channel, overhung with the trees thatj rich and ornamented appearance. The grow out of the clefts of the rock, Place of Ktlkarriy the feat of the Lord that the river is in moft places invi*
;

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the paflenger, who only hears deafening roar; and, where it is feen, the troubled water appears pouring over a precipice, into a deep pool, eovered with foam, and forming a fcene of awful magnificence. In the laft century, this was a pafs of great a foot path, difficulty and danger hanging over a tremendous precipice, threatened deftruclion to the traveller from the leaft falfe ftep. At prefent, a fine road, formed by the foldiers, gives an eafy accefs to the Highlands, and, at the extremity of the defile, the oppofite fides of the river are united by a fine arch. Near the N. end of
flble to
its
;

KIL
nant was highly gratified, and made the fubject of an engraving, given in his tour. He alfo gives a drawing of Locb Docbart, with the ruin of St. Fillan's chapel. Befides Killin, which contains about 150 inhabitants, there
is

another village called

Clifton,

which

contains nearly 200, chiefly employed in working the lead mine of Cairndrom. Limeftone abounds, and, in many places, is of the nature of marble. In 1793, the number of inhabitants was 2360. a parifh in Argyll; shire, 12 miles long, and not half a mile broad, being feated in- a long this pafs, in its open and natural ftate, narrow glen, furrounded by high hills, was fought the famous battle of Killi- anciently named Glenduijk and Glen' crankie, in 1689 ; in which the forces derruail. The extent of fea coaft is bf King William, under General Mac- about 3 miles, and the ihore is flat kay, were defeated by the Highland and fandy, with funk rocks. The foil adherents of King James, under the is deep and fertile, excellently adapted brave Vifcount Dundee, who was killed for the culture of flax ; but good in the moment of victory ; and in his crops of oats, barley, potatoes, &c. fall perifhed the hopes of King James. are alfo raifed ; the furrounding hills Here alfo a body of Heffians, in 1746, are covered with heath, and their fides made a paufe, refufing to go further are occupied by fmall copfes of natuit appeared to them the ne plus ultra ral wood. The celebrated mathematician Mr. Colin Maclaurin, late proof a habitable country. KILLIGRAY. Vide Calligray. feflbr of mathematics in the univerfity KILLIN ; a Highland parifh of of Edinburgh, was born at the manfe Perthfhire, in Braidalbin, 28 miles in of this parifh, of which his father was In 1791, the population, length, and in moft places from 6 to minifter. It comprehends Glen- ftated in the ftatiftical report of the 8 in breadth. dochart and Strathfillan, and part of rev. Mr. J. M'Kinnon, was 351. Glenfalloch and Glenlochy. The fur; a parifh in Perthface is unequal, the bottoms of the shire, fometimes called Doune, from valleys are moftly level, and are arable, the town in which the church is fituIt compreand capable of a high ftate of culti- ated ; (vide Doune.) vation. It lies along the S. bank of hends a confiderable portion of the Loch Tay, and is watered by the ri- ancient ftewartry of Monteith, and is vers which give their names to the of an irregular figure, with an area of diftricts before mentioned. Benmore about 64 fquare miles. The furface is the higheft mountain of the parifh, is diverfified, and the foil exhibits all varieties, from the richeft car fe clay, and is lefs elevated than Benlawers but, the inhabited part is perhaps as to the pooreft muir, producing nothing high as any inhabited diftrict in Scot- but heath. It is watered by the rivers land ; for, at the place where the Fil- Forth, Teith, and the Ardoch, Keltie, lan takes its rife, and runs eaftward and Annat, which join them: allthefe to the 'Tay, the Fallocb alfo has its prefent the moft pi&urefque fcenery. fource, and runs weftward to fall into From thefe rivers the furface rifes Loch Lomond. The fituation of the confiderably ; and, from almoft every village of Killin, at the W. end of eminence in the parifh, is feen a grand Loch Tay, is Angularly picturefque view of Benlomond and the neighbourand pleafant. Near it the Docbart ing mountains , the caftle of Stirling, and Lochy unite, and fall into the loch ; and the fine country on the banks of and the romantic furrounding hills, the winding Forth ; nor are the banka fkirted with wood, all increafe the of the Teith deficient in romantic beauty of the fcene. It was one of fcenery, when it wafhes the ancient tbofe Jandfcapes with which Mr. Pen- caftle of Doune, or rolls along the pic

KILMADAN

KILMADOCK

KIL

KIL

turcfque groves of Blair-Drumrnond ; third more. The greater part of the and the profpect is bounded by the parifh confifts of high mountains and lofty ridge of hills in Stirlingfhire, ex- hills, covered with heath, and affordtending from E. to W. for the fpace ing excellent pafture for numerous of 20 miles. Eefides the town of Donne , flocks of fheep amongft thefe is Ben* there are 2 fmall villages; Bucbany and evii, the higheft mountain in Britain Barn of Cambus, which are nearly li- (vide Bene vis.) In the valleys, upon The the banks of the Locby and Nevis, and nked to the town of Doune number of fheep is about 2000 ; of in feveral other places, there is a good black cattle about 2300, and of horfes deal of arable ground, of different 662. There are the remains of 6 fmall qualities ; but, in general, the foil i Chapehj which were dependent on the fhallow and fandy ; on the coaft, which monastery of Kilme.dock, of which there extends nearly 70 miles the foil ie ire now no veftiges. In 1797, the po- fertile and early : the climate is rainy pulation was 3209, being an increafe and moift, but does not feem to be injurious to the health of the inhabitof 479 fince 1755ants, many perfons living to a great ; a parifh in RenIt is age. In feveral of the valleys lie exfrewfhire, about 6 miles fquare. watered by the rivers Gryfe and Du- tenfive lakes, of which Loch Archaig thal, and bounded on the N. by the and Loch Locby are the chief. The The furface is rocky, and di- rivers and lakes abound with falmon, Clyde. The and the creeks of the coaft afford herverfified with frequent rifings. foil is mallow and muirifh, but on the ring and other fifh in the greateft abanks of the rivers there are many bundance. In former times, the greater Planting is fcarce, part of the parifh was overrun with fertile meadows. but about the ancient caftle of Duchal, wood, and at prefent 14,000 acres are and upon fome other eftates, there are covered with valuable plantations. I* thriving belts and clumps of oak, elm, 1792, according to the neareft calculie. but the lime trees are particularly lation, there were in the parifh 50* abundant, and fome of them are of a horfes, 1000 gats, 6000 head of black great fize. The roads are very indif- cattle, and 60,000 fheep. Fort Wilferent, but there are 13 good ftone liam, and the adjoining village of bridges. The communion cups are Maryburgh, are fituated in this paTery ancient, and made of the fineft rifh, at the E. end of an arm of the filver : they were originally ufed for fea called Locbeil ; vide (William candlefticks, and, perhaps, from the Fort and Maryburgh.) There are necemty of the time, converted to this feveral extenfive caves, particularly pious purpofe : their hollow bottom one 30 feet long, and 11 broad; which, forms the cup, and the middle where in 1746, afforded a fafe retreat to fome the focket feems to be fcrewed out, Highlanders, who had been engaged forms the foot. The people hold in the rebellion. Juft oppofite to thi* them in great veneration, having been cave, is a beautiful cafcade, on a fmall ufed by the celebrated JohN Knox, rivulet, which, falling down the fide when he firft difpenfed the facrament of Benevis, forms an uninterrupted in Scotland. In 1 791, the population torrent for half a mile, before it joins of the parifh was 951, of which 126 its waters to the Nevis in the valley. perfons lived in the Kirktown or vil- " The windings of this river," fays lage of Kilmalcolm, which is fituated the rev. Mr. Frafer, in his ftatiftical yearly in the center of the parifh. report of Kilmalie, " the verdure of KILMALIE ; a very extenfive pa- the trees the wildnefs of the rocks rifh in the counties of Argyll and In- the terrific afpecr. of the hills the ernefs ; of an irregular figure, and mift flying fwiftly on their tops the interfered by three arms of the fea : its clouds rolling along with velocity extreme points are at leaft 60 miles the lonely Situation, remote from hudiftantfrom each other, and its breadth man eye, every thing confpires to is not lefs than 30 miles; comprehend- make this fall of water one of the ing 589 fquare miles, or nearly 376,96c grandeft objects in nature. It even acres, meafured in ftraight lines ; bat, excels the famous Fallot Foyers, which idding the furfaces of hills and val- cannot be beheld with fo much comleys, the extent will be at leaft one placency* ipdeeJ, awful &ui. It is
:

KILMALCOLM

KIL
of the terBefides this rible in its appearance." cafcade, there are many others, Angularly beautiful and picturefque. Upon the banks of the river Lochy, on the top of a dreadful precipice, are the remains of an ancient caflle, around which are the diftinct traces of On the fummit of a fortifications. green hill 1200 feet in height, are the remains of a vitrified caftie, long forgotten in the annals of fame; and even tradition has preferved nothing but its name, DundbalrdghalL It appears to have been a fortification of great antiquity ; even of greater than that of Graig-phatric, in the neighbourhood The fortifications of of Inverness. Craig-pbatric are regular, but thofe of Bundhairdghall follow exactly the verge of the fteep, fo as to command every part completely. It is fuppofed to have been a fort of outwork for ftrengthening Inverlochy-caftle, when that ancient edifice was a royal feat. There are feveral veins of lead ore, very rich in filver; one in particular Hi the mountain of Bencvis. There are alio quarries of marble, of beautiful colours ; and Umeftone abounds in every part of the pariih. Moil of the mountains are Compofed of porphyry and, according to Williams the mineralogift, the red granite of Benevis is the moft beautiful of any There is an excellent in the world. flate quarry on the borders of Locheih at the village of BeAlyeheliJh, partly in this pariih, and partly in the diftrict of Appin. Sir Ewen Cameron, well known for his firm attachment to the caufe of Charles I. which could not be ihaken by the threats of promifes of
;

KIL
rrion refervoir,

fubiime, but has too

much

which ninns

into Loch

to the dampnefs of the climate, and the all this extent of country very little corn is raifed. The number of flieep is about 60,000 ; of black cattle 1500 ; and the number of horfes may be computed at about 500. In this diftricl: is the ancient caftie of Inverlochy, the only remnant of the ancient city of that name ; (vide Inverlochy.) Another antiquity of which this parifh can boaft, is the famous parallel roads, one of the moft ftupendous monuments of human induftry, which well deferve the attention of the antiquarian, and are thus defcribed by the rev. Mr. Rofs, in his ftatiftical account of Kilmanivaig. " They are feen in the eaftern part of the parifh, on the declivities of fteep
irregular furface, in

Linnhe at Fort William.

Owing

and lofty mountains, which extend for 7 or 8 miles on each fide of the
water of Roy, in the direction of S. W. and N. E. and the opening betwixt which forms the valley of Glenroy. There were originally 3 lines of thefe roads on each fide of the glen, each correfponding in height to the one oppofite to it the lowermoft, however,
;

is

in

fome places

effaced, particularly

on the S. fide. They all run parallel to each other, and in an horizontal direction, humouring the windings of' the mountains. Their dimenfions arc various ; in general, they are from 60 to 70 feet in breadth; and the diftance betwixt two of them has been found to be about 180. Similar roads are likewife to be feen in two o'f the adjacent glens, but not in fuch, perfection." As nothing is left upon record concerning the perfons by whom, and Cromwell, was born in this parifh, in the ufes for which thefe were eon1629. It alfo gave birth to Mr. John ftructed, we can only mention, that, Innes, well known to the medical ftu- by the common people, they are afdent for his admirable " Treatife on cribed to &me of the monarchs who the Mufcles," and his " Anatomical refided at hiverlochy, or to Fingal, as In they are ftill known by the name of Tables of the Human Body." The purpofe for 1792, the population, as returned by Fingalian roads. the rev. Mr. Frafer to Sir John Sin- which they were conftructed, according to the general opinion, was to faclair, was 4225. KILMANIVAIG a parifh in In- cilitate the exercife of hunting ; for, vernefs-fhire, about 60 miles in length, when the valley was covered with its furwood, certain avenues were neceffary ?.nd its greateft breadth is 20 face is much diverfified with ranges to allow them to purfue the deer. of lofty mountains, interfered by ex- Perhaps they were fenced about, and tenfive glens in different directions, ufed as places where to confine the and rapid rivers, moft of which empty game, before they were driven out themfelvss into the Locby, the com- into the Dal~nn-fea Jg r or " hunting
;' ;

KIL
ing dale," where they were killed. In 1793, the number of inhabitants in the pariih of Kilmanivaig, was about 2400. a pariih in Fifefhire, ; about 6 miles in length, and its greatcajlle,

fcIL
near the town. Dean* about half a mile N. E. from the town, is a very ancient edifice,
his beautiful feat

KILMANY

lying in a fine breadth about 4 watered by the river Mot ray, whicli while it fertilizes the foil, renders the adjacent fcenery truly picturefque. The fides of the hills are rugged, and in many places covered with
eft
;

valley,

beautiful and thriving plantations. The fmall village is pleafantly fituated on an eminence, on the old road from Dundee to Cupar; about 5 miles from the latter, and 3^ miles from the har-

bour of Balmerino on the Tay. pulation in 1796, 869. a town of ;

Po-

KILMARNOCK
which
is

Ayr

formerly the refidence of the noble and unfortunate family of Kilmarnock. In 1735, it was entirely deftroyed by fire, and (till remains in the farm defolate condition ; a monument of fallen grandeur and magnificence. In one of the areas of the town, ftands a (tone pillar of elegant workmmftnp, erected to the memory of an Erghfh Lord Soules, who was killed on the fpot, in 1444, by an arrow from one of the family of Boyd. There is an extenfive coal work about half a mile S. W. of the town ; and, in other places, coai is to be found. In 1792, the pariih contained 6776 inhabitants.

of a tributary ftream of the Irvine. It is very irregularly built, few of the ftreets being laid out on a fixed plan ; it is a burgh of barony, governed by 2 bailies, and a council of 12 of the merchants, and the deacons of the 5 incorporated trades. The firft charter in its favour, Was granted to Thomas Lord Boyd,
fhire, feated in a valley,

on each

fide

KILMARONOCK; aparifhinDumbartonfhire, about 5 miles in length, and from 2 to 4 in breadth. It is watered by the river Endrick, the windings of which, through a beautiful plain of 3000 acres, with the houfe and extenfive policies of Buchaiaian, the refidence of the Duke of Montrofe, on its banks, prefent to the traveller a raoft picturefque landfcape, which is further increafed by the view

a.

rivulet,

which was renewed and amby a charter to William Earl of Kilmarnock, in 1672, and ratified by act of parliament the fame year. Upon the attainder of that family, the fuperiority of the burgh became veiled in the crown. The town pofleffes great property and extefifive commonin 15 91,

plified

ties,

through the munificence of the family. Kilmarnock is one of the principal manufacturing towns in Ayrihire, and carries on a confiderable trade in making of carpets, feiges, and other woollen cloths and in faddlery, leather, &c. to the average annual amount of nearly 90,0001. In 1792, the town contained 5670 inhabitants. The pariih of Kilmarnock extends about 9 miles in length, and 4 in breadth, along the banks of the river Irvine. The fur-

Boyd

face is level, having in general a gentle declivity towards the S. ; the foil is deep, ftrong, and fertile, inclining to mofs on the northern borders ; along the banks of the Irvine are fome fine rich holms : the greater part is enclofed, and highly cultivated. The Marchionefs of Titchfield, Countefs of Loudon, and Col. Crawford of Vraiufordtand't are the principal proprietors, of which the laft refides at

of Loch Lomond-, its numerous ifiands, and the diftant hills. towering to the clouds. On the banks of the river, the foil is a deep rich loam, favourable either for pafture or tillage on '"he rifihg ground it gradually degenerates into a muir or mofs. There are the remains of 2 Romiih chapels ; and at Catter, the property of the Duke of Morttrofe, is a large artificial mound of earth, where, in ancient times, the baronial courts were held, near to which the Dukes of Lennox had a refidence, of which there is not now the fmalleft veftige remaining. The caftle of Kilmaronock, the property of Robert M'Gouhe, Efq. of Mains, and the caftle of Batturret, the property of George Haldane, Efq. of Gleneagles, both in ruins, appear to have been formerly very magnificent edifices. In 1 793, the population was 820. KILMARTIN ; a partfti in Argyllfiiire, of an oblong figure, 12 miles in length, and 3 in breadth, lying on the W. coaft of Argyllfhire, and bounded on the E. for 6 miles by Loch O-zv. In the S. W. corner, the furface is rather hilly than mountainous, with arable and paiture grounds
:

LI

KIL
intermixed, and the foil is light and In the N. E. end the furface is early. more rugged, but ill the valleys there are alio exteiifwe fields of arable land. Here the foil is deep, but the crops uncertain, owing to the elevated and expofediituation. The valley in which the church and village of Kilmartin are fituated, is one of the moft beautiful in the Highlands; the rocks, covered on each fide with lofty trees to their fiimmit; form a picturefque fcene and the luxuriance of the wood fhews that planting of every kind thrives well. Through this vale is the line of road from Kintyre to Fort William, on which the vUlage is a ftage, with a commodious inn. Loch Crinan is the principal harbour, not only in this pariffi, but alfo en the wefiern coaft of Argyllfhire : it was this circumftance which induced it to be preferred for the canal acrofs the ilthmus, though logger by 3 or 4 miles than the ilthmus of Tarbert. That navigable canal, now fortunately completed, by opening a communication from LochFyne to .he Atlantic, will be attended with the greatefc advantage to this part of the kingdom ; the weftem coafts will be fupplied with coal from the ports of the Frith of Clyde, without fubjeding the veffels to the long and dangerous navigation rour.d the Mull of Kintyre, and it will invite the inhabitants to follow iii'dtufttious purfuits, to wmich they have hitherto been ftrangers. There is a rich copper mine, which has been wrought for fome
riffi

KIL
chionefs of Titchfield, is roofed, and falling to ruin.
is

new un" The pa"

watered by feveral rivulets* which are employed in working machinery. The town of Kilmaurs is a burgh of barony, creeled by James V.
at the inftance of the Earl of

cairn.

It is pleafantly fituated

gentle afcent, having a S.

Glenon a expofure 5

and con lifts of one handfome ftreet, with a fmall town-houfe, and fpire in the middle ; it is governed by 2 bailies, annually elected by the majority of
portioners in the town ; it formerly carried on a confiderable trade in cutlery, there being at one time no fewer than 30 employed in that branch in the town. The knives were fo much famed, that a Kilmaur's whittle became proverbial. Kilmaurs is only 2 miles diftant from Kilmarnock, and gives title of Baron to the eldeft fon of the Earl of Glencairn. The parifh is well fupplied with coal, of which there are feveral excellent pits in the neighbourhood of the town. In 1793, the parifh contained 1147 inhabitants, of which t;i4 refided in the burgh. ;* a parifh in Argyllshire, in the ifland of Hay, united to

KILMENY

Killarrow.

KILMORACK
in length

nefs-fhire, extending

a parifh in Inverabout 60 miles

from E. to W. and from 10 to 30 miles in breadth ; lying on the Beaulze, and exhibiting every variety of furface, fcenery, and foil. There are many lakes ; but one,, in particular, deferves to be mentioned, as years. Limeftone is abundant, and being the only one which exhibits there are many fcbijlic rocks, which the fame phenomenon in Britain. bear impreffions of vegetable fubftan- " The name of this lake," fays the ces. In 1793, the population was rev. Mr. Frafer, in his ftatiftical report, " is Lockan Uain, or the Green 1537. lake ; it is upon the Chifholms' pro; a pari/h in Ayrshire, about 6 miles in length, and 3 in perty, about 40 miles W. of the vil-

KILMAURS

breadth. The fu'fface is in general flat, lage of Beau lie, furrounded by mouninterfperfed with gentle eminences, tains as high as any in Scotland ; the which are generally covered with moft foutherly of thefe, and the highclumps of plantation, and, while they eft, is called Maum-ShoiuibH. This lake vary the appearance, render the fcene is confrantly, both in fummer and highly picburefoue. Trie foil is in winter, covered with ice ; but, in the fiioft places a deep clay, and in many middle of June, when the fun is verparts a rich loam, highly fertile, and tical, a very little of the ice in the On every part is arable, and well enclofed. center of the lake is diflblved." It is every where adorned with coun- the fummits of many of the mountains
try feats
;

of which Craig, the feat

ol

are feen the ruins of watch-towers,

Mr. Morrice, and Carmtl Bunk, the and there are many druidical cairns The only ruin of confeat of Mr. Cunningham, are the chief. and temples. priory of Beauli^g Bpfij-cnjllei the property of the Msr- ference is the

KIL
KTLMQRE;
shire,

KIL
In

founded in 1-230. In 1797, the popu- miles in length, and 8 in breadth. lation was 2318; decreafe 511 iince The inhabited part of the country,
a

parifh

Argyll-

united to Kilbride; both iituated in the- diftri<5l of Lorn, on the coaft of the Atlantic, comprehending the ill and of Kerera. The form of the continental part is nearly circular, about 6\ miles in diameter. The country is hiiiy, but the hills are low, and covered with heath the valleys are almoft all arable, but, like mod parts
;

of Argyllshire,

little

is

There

is

a confiderable

cultivated. lake in the

parifh, called Lochnell,

from which a imaii rivulet difcharges itfelf into Loch

coaft

Feackan, an arm of the ocean. The is of a femicircular figure, and including creeks and bays, is nearly 20 miles in extent. In general, it is high and rocky, poffeffing, however, two excellent harbours ; one at the village of Oban, and another at DunJluffnage ; betides two in the iOand of Kerera. There are three ferries, viz. Connel firry, over Loch Etive ; Port Kerera, between the mainland and that ifland ; and Mull ferry, between the latter and the ifland of Mull. There are feveral volcanic appearances on the coaft, particularly the puddingftone rocks near the village of Oban.

along the coaft, is flat, with gently riling eminences, affording excellent pasture ; but the interior is mountainous, and covered with heath. The foil is a deep fertile clay ; but the reaping of the produce is rather uncertain, on account of the variablenefs of the climate. The extent of fea coaft is upwards of 30 miles, poffeffing many fafe harbours. The fhores are in general high and rocky, and, towards the N. point, terminate in a lofty promontory, called Hunijh, near which is a dangerous and rapid current. 1 he harbour of Duntv.hn is the fafeft in the ifland, near which are the ruins of the fuperb caftle of the fame name, the ancient refidence of the Macdonald.
family.

There

are feveral fmall iflands

on the coaft, fome of which are inhabited by a family to look after the flieep which pafture on them their names are Tulm, Fladawbein, Aiti:

i>aig, Flada,

and Froda. In the moun-

tains there
ley,

a Angular concealed valfurrounded on all fides by high rocks, and acceflible only in 3 r 4 places the valley appears to have been a place of concealment for the
is
;

There are feveral remarkable caves, one of which extends farther than any one has ventured to penetrate. In
1792, the population was 1886, being

an increafe of 686 fince 1755.

KILMORICH
shire,

a parifh in Argyll-

a parifh fi; ; the county of Rofs, a parifh in the coun- and partly in that of Cromarty about ; ty of Bute and ifle of Arran ; extend- 10 mijes long, and on an average 4'V ing 30 miles in length, in a femicircu- broad. It is delightfully lituattd on lar form. The fea coaft is rugged and the Frith of Cromarty, commanding bold, and the furface is uneven and a finely variegated profpecl: of the hilly. Beinnbharfhionn, the higheft peninfula of Cromarty, enlivened by hill, has its top covered with ihow the veffels which enter the bay. .The the greater part of the year. The foil ihore is flat, and the foil fandy, but, is partly gravellifh, clay, and mo fly even in the 'dried: fummer, tolerably ; and produces only light crops of oats, fertile; farther from the coaft, the foil barley, &c. and imall quantities of flax. becomes black and mo fly ; very retenLoch Ear/ay is a confiderable lake, tive of moifture, and rather unfavournearly in the center of the ifland. In able for vegetation; the back grounds 1793, the number of inhabitants was extend into that barren muiry diftricl, termed Airdnieanach, which extends 3*59KILMUIR ; a parifh in Invernefs- through the middle of the peninfula, fhire, fitiiated at the northern extre- Bahiagown, the feat of .Sir Ch'arlef mity of the ifle of Sky. It extends 16 Rofs, is an elegant manfion, 'lurroun/l--

Loch-goil-head. Vide Loch-goil-head and Kilmounited to

when obliged to leave their houfes on account of invafion, and i? fo capacious as to hold conveniently 4000 head of black cattle. There is a pool of water, called Loch Sijiani v " the facred lake," long famed as a cure for many ailments; and, near tie church, is a weak chalybeate. lit 179}, the population was 206^.
natives,

KILMUIR EASTER
in

rich.

tuated partly

KILMORY

Llj

KIL
ed by extenfive plantations. New Tar-', bat, once the beautiful refidence of the Earls of Cromarty, has fallen to ruin from neglect. Delny, once the feat of the Earls of Rofs, is alfo in ruins : near this laft are the remains of a chapel, which, till lately, was ufed as a burial place, There is an extenfive bed of fheiis on the cqaft, of which a quick lime of excellent: quality is preparer; Population in 1791, 1975. KILMUIR WESTER and SUDDY; an united parifh in Rofs-fhire, now more generally termed Knock-bain. Vide Knock-bain,,

KIL
Euchar and Oude, running through the
parifh to difcharge themfelves into the

In 1793, the number of inhabitants, as Hated in the ftatiftical report of the rev. Mr. P. Campbell, was 1178.

found of Mull.

KILPATRICK (NEW,orEAST)
a parifh fituated partly in the county of Stirling, and partly in that of Dumbarton ; disjoined from Old Kilpatrick about the end of the 17th cen^ tury. The river Kelvin runs through the parifh, and the great canal is carried over that river

by an aqueduct

a parifh in Argyllof Mull. It is in the form of a peninfula, lying in the N. W. extremity of the ifiand, and extending 1 a miles in length, and nearly potatoes, and fown grafies. The only of the fame breadth, containing about village is Millguy, which contains a55,000 acres. To it belong the inha- bout 200 inhabitants. There are 6 bited ifles of Ul-va, Gometra, Little Co- bleachfields, 8 mills, 4 of which are lonfay, and Staff a ; and the fmall for corn, 1 for fours, and 1 for paper. uninhabited clufter called the Tretf- There are feveral pits of coal- and an nijh, or TreJhuniJIi ifles. The general extenfive lime work, at which 3000 appearance is hilly; but the arable chalders are annually burnt. The poland, which lies onthecoaft, has a good pulation in 1793, was about 1700, befoil, and is tolerably fertile. It has an ing an increafe of 310 fince 1755. excellent harbour at Tobermory, where KILPATRICK ( OLD, or WEST) \ a village of the fame name has been a parifh in Dumbartonfhire, feated on lately erecled by the Britifh Society the N. bank of the Clyde, 10 miles befor improving the coafts and encour- low Glafgow. It is 8 miles long, and aging the fiiheries. At Aros, on the from 3 to 4 broad. The furface is found of Mull, there is alfo a harbour; partly flat, and partly hilly and mounand near it a large caftle, which has tainous ; in many places covered with been ftrongly fortified, and is faid to heath and natural wood. The foil of have been for fome time the refidence the araMe land is moftly thin, fandy, of the Lords of the Ifles. In 1793, and gravellifh ; but it is in fome places the parilh contained 3281 inhabitants; clay, on a tilly bottom. Befides the increafe 691'fince 1755. crops ufual in other parts of the KILN T NVER; a parilh in Lorn, neighbourhood, the hilly grounds of in Argylifhire, united with the parilh Old Kilpatrick are remarkable for of Kilmelfort, forming together their property of fattening black catnearly a fquare of 12 miles. It is tle and irieep. The local advantages 01 bounded on the W. by the found of this parifh ; its waterfalls, its excellent Mull, and has a confiderable extent of roads, its vicinity to Glafgow, render fea coaft along Locb Feachan and Loch it a proper fituation for manufactures Melfort, two arms of the fea which and feveral, on a very extenfive plan, interfect it. The lower parts of the have been eftablffhed in it. In 1791, parifh are fmooth, with a gentle de- there were 1 printfields, 1 ble.ichlield, clivity to the fea, and qorifift of a light 1 paper manufactory, 1 woollen ditto loamy foil, yielding, in favourable fea- (the firft of the kind in Scotland), and fons, good crops of oats, barley, and- 1 iron work ; which, together, empotatoes. The upper diftricT: is hilly ployed 1043 perfons, befides 280 from and mountainous, covered with ex- other pariihes. The Roman wall built tensive natural foi efts and plantations. by Antoninus, terminated at Dunglas, In this hilly diftricf. lie two confider- iff this praifh, and the veftiges of it
;

KILN1NIAN

shire, in the illand

bridge of 4 arches, each 50 ftet wide; (vide Kelvin.) The foil is clay, and difficult of culture ; and the old fyftera of agriculture is generally followed the principal crops are uats, barley,

able lakes, Locb

Traffjg,

Seammadalt and Locb from whence iflue the rivers

are ftill difcernible in many parts there arc alfo feveral Roman cavnp^

KIL
particularly on the
hill

KIL
of Duntocber.
j
'

'

K I L SYTH;

a parifh in Stirling.

lying in the fouthern extremity Coal andlimeftene are abundant; and fhir freeftone, of the belt quality, is found of the county; about 7 miles in length, in many places. Many of the hills, in and 3I in breadth. The general apparticular the Promontory of Dunglns, pearance is bleak, rugged, and eleexhibit bafaltic columns. The caftle vated, commanding a profpect of 16 of JJunglas, fituated on that promon- counties in an extent of 1 200 fquarc tory, above the Clyde, was once a Ro- miles. The Carron and Kelvin are the man ftation, and in the days of Oliver principal rivers ; and one of the referCr unwell a place of cbnltderable vcirs for the great canal is in this paftfength from its fituation, well cal- rifh, which covers above 70 acres : culated to command the entrance of there are feveral copious fpnn'gk one of which is impregnated with fulphuthe Clyde. It was blown lip in the year i '.40 by the treachery of an Eng- reous hydrogen gaz, fimilar to St. Berliih boy, page to the Earl of Hadding- nard'? '.veli hear Edinburgh. The foil ton, who, with many perfons of high is tolerably fertile, and yields excellent rank, was deftroyed ; it is now in crops of oats, barley, beans, and poruins, and forms a piclurefque fcene tatoes. By a well attefted experiment, in the approach to Dumbarton. In made by Robert Graham, Efq. of 1791. the parifh contained 2452 inha- Ta;7inv.vcr, in 1762, i peck of potatoes produced 264 pecks. bitants. The vilKlLRENNEY; a royal borough! lage of Kiijyth is a ccnfidtrable manuin Fifefhire, or. the N. coaft of the facturing place, on the old road from
I

'

Frith of Forth. It owes its charter of erection to King James VI. who had a particular regard for the fir.all fhhing towns on the coaft of Fife. The town has decrcafed very much fince the Union, and more particularly fo fmce the decay of the fifhirig on the coaft it is now a paltry village, ftill pollening parliamentary repr^fentation, under the influence of Sir John Anftvutber. The parifh extends in a circular form, having a diameter of a;

Glafgow to Edinburgh lying* equifrom GlaYg' w, Faland Stirling, which makes it a convenient ftage from all thefe towns it. has lately increafed greatly, owing to the advantageous terms of feu held out by the proprie;

dfftant 15 miles kirk, Hamilton,

tor Sir Archibard Edttiprifeon, Bart. of Dur.treath, under whofe fuperiority it is a burgh of barony entitled to hold a weekly market, and 4 annual
:

fairs it formerly gave title of Vifone con- count to the unfortunate family of tinued ridge of rocfts, with 2 fmall Livingftone, attainted in 17 15 for atcreeks, where veflels are perfectly fe- tachment to the houfe of Stuart. In cure at the harbour of Kilrenney, and the burial-place of this family are the

bout

2 miles.

The

coaft

is

the port of Cellar dykei, formerly a large fifhing ftation, but now reduced to a few houfesi Population in 1792,1086. KILSPINDIE ; a parifh in Perthshire, lying partly in the Carfe of Gowrie, and partly amongft the Stormont hills, about half way betwixtPerth and Dundee. It is of an oblong form, apout 5 miles in length, and 2>\ breadth. The hills are barren, and covered with heath ; but the hollows or glens are pleafant, and fertile iu a high degree towards the low ground the land is exceedingly well cultivated ; and the carfe lands, like the reft of that fertile diftrict, produces luxuriant crops. In the village of Rait is the half-rjjay houfe, on the old road from Perth to Dundee. In 1791, the population, as returned to Sir John Sinclair, was 718 ; decreafe fince

bodies of the laft Lady Eilfyth, and her infant fon, embalmed, and in a " The ftate of perfect prefervation. mineralogy of this parifh," fays the rev. Mr. Rennie, in his ftatifrical report, " would fill a volume, and might engage the attention of the natural hiftorian for a life -time." Coal a-

bounds,

and ironftone

is

found

in

no

every part of the parifh : of the latter, the moft remarkable are the iron balls, geod.es or feptaria, found on beds of foft febiftus, lying in feemingly regular ftrata, but at unequal and irregular depths. The balls of each ftratum are generally the fame fize, but thofe of the upper ftratum are fmaller than thofe immediately below : they afford a great quantity of iron. There are other mines of iron, from which the Carron Company are furnifhed witk

KIL
KILTEARN; a parifh in Rofsupwards of 5000 tons in the year. Immediately under the lower ftratum fhire, on the N. fide of the Frith of of the bank, in which the collection Cromarty, extending 6 miles in length; of fepiaria is lodged, is a fine ftratum its breadth is various, but the cultiof limeftone, in which (hells, entrochi, vated land extends 2 miles from the &c. in great variety, can be diftin&ly fea, while the mountainous and Highfeen.

About 80 years

ago, a vein of

land diftrict
farther

lies 5, 10,

or even 15 miles
diftrict
is,

copper was wrought near Corn, by

orders of the York Building Company, but was afterwards given up. Mr. Rafpe the mineralogift examined the 4rift, and found veins of cawk, or amorphous fulphat of barytes ; in fomc places thinly fcattered with grains of copper ore : he was of opinion, that the vein might be wrought to great advantage. Not far from this mine, he found fpecimens of red and yellow jafper, and nodules of porphyry and agates, which received a high polifh,

N.

This

laft

for

the moft part, wild and uncultivated, confifting of high mountains, with rapid rivulets running in the glens, ^ind interfperfed with extenfive tracts of muir and mofly ground. The river Skiack waters this part, upon the banks of which are upwards of 200 acres of arable and meadow ground. Along the coaft the parifh is arable, and exhibits a rich and beautiful appearance : the fields are regularly enclofed, and feveral large and elegant

and were extremely

beautiful,

and

fit

hill, near the midfor the lapidary. dle of the parifh, exhibits a fine fpecimen of bafaltic columns. In Garrel

glen

freeftone, lying

a quarry of the fineft white upon a bed of coal many of the coal ftalks penetrate the freeftone, and leave on it fpecimens of impreffions of delicate parts of vegeIn tables, of a beautiful appearance. j 7 95, the population, as ftated by the rev. Mr. Rennie, in his report to Sir
is

John

Sinclair,

was 2450;

increafe 1055

frnce 1755.

; a mountainous parilh in Invernefsfhire, formed by the union of the parifhes of Kiltarlity and Conveth. It is 30 miles in length,

KILTARLITY

and about

6 broad, containing 180 fquare miles, or 91,638 Scots acres; of which 3000 are arable, the fame extent under meadow grafs, and the remainder under wood and heath.

There

are 3 principal lakes, viz. Loch

Bruiach, Loch Gorm, and Loch Neattie; and it is watered by the river Beaulie, and the 3 ftreams which form it. On thefe are erected various kinds of machinery ; and they all contain falmon. The fifhing of the Beauhe is let to a company in Perth, at 63 il. fterling per annum. There are feveral elegant manfion-houfes, of which Beaufort, the feat of the Hon. Alexander Frazer pi Lovat, and Belladrom, the feat of Colonel Frazer, are the moft remarkfew druidical temples, an able. ancient watch-tower and a vitrified In 1793, fort, are to be feen here. the population was 2494 ; increafe

'

gentlemens feats are feen, furrounded with thriving plantations, of all kinds of trees. About 5-fixths of the parifh belongs to the family of Munro of Fowlis, a family long diftinguifhed for the military characters it has produced. Sir Henry Munro, who died in 1 78 1, was faid to have been the 22d Baron of Fowlis, who had enjoyed the eftate of Kiltearn by regular lineal defcent. Benuaijh, the moft lofty mountain in the parifh, is conand the ftantly covered with fnow redendo from the family of Fowlis for the tenure of the foreft of Uai/J}, is the payment of a fnow-ball to his Majefty on any day of the year, if required and, it is faid, that a quantity of fnow was actually fent to the Duke of Cumberland in the fummer of 1746, when at Invernefs, to cool his wine. Befides the river Skiack, there are feveral other rivers, which take their rife from lakes amongft the mountains, and defcend to the fea with aftonifhing rapidity, forming feveral remarkable cafcades. There are very flattering indications of coal in the diftrict ; but, though feveral attempts have been made, no vein of confequence has been difcoSeveral of the hills contain vered. lead ore ; and fhell marl, of a rich quality, is abundant. Near the houfe of Clyne is a remarkable piece of antiquity, which plainly appears to have been ufed by the druids as a place of worfhip; it is of an oval figure, formed with large ftones fet upright, fi;

though on a fmaller fcale, to the celebrated temple ef Stonehen^e

milar,

,531 fince

1753.

KIL
In Wiltfhire.

KIN
cir-

cular cairns remains of 5 or 6 ancient chapels. Population in 17915 1616. KILVICEUEN; a parifh in the ifiand of Mull, united to Kilfini-

There are feveral and tumuli, and the

KINCARDINESHIRE, orthe county of MEARNS, is bounded on the N.

by Aberdeenfhire ; on the E. by the ocean and on the S. and W. by the county of Angus. Its form is triangular, having the point towards the S. E. ; its length along the coaft i about ;,o miles, and its greateft breadth is nearly 20. It is faid to have received the name of Mearns from a brother of Kenneth II. called Mernia, at the fame time that uEneas gave the name of Angus to the fouthern diftrict of the province of Eorejlia. But Camden is inclined to fuppofe, that it retains the name of the old inhabitants, the Kernicotics of Ptolemy ; it being commoa for the Britifh to change the V into M, in forming the name of a country. The name of Kincardine is derived from a fniall village in the parifh of Fordoun, which was anciently the county town ; but the courts wereremovedto Stonehaven, by an act pafled in the reign of James VI. and they The fea ftill remain in that town. coaft is partly flat, and partly rocky, rifing inwards to a fine level country, about 100 or 150 feet above the level of the fea, and interfered by numerous ftreams, the Bervie, Cozvie, Carron, and divided from Angus by the North A part of the Grampian ridge EJk. runs through the county, forming the N. fide of the Ho<w, or Hollow of the Mearns, the N. eaftern extremity of
;

CHKN.

Vide KlLFINICHhN.
in

town and parifh town is fituated 5

a conliderable Ayrfhire. The miles N. N. W. of Irvine, and contains 1260 inhabitants. It is noted for the feat of the firft mafon lodge in Scotland, from whence all the other lodges have taken their rife this was eftablifhed about the middle of the 12th century, by the
:

KILWINNING;

architect and mafons who came over from the Continent, to affile, in the building of the famous monaftery which was erected here. Archery

was alfo early eftablifhed at Kilwinning, and a prize is ftill fhot for annually, by the burgeffes of the town. The parifh of Kilwinning is 9 miles in length, and, in many places, of the fame breadth. The furface rifes gently from the S. and W. to the N. and E. and is beautifully ciiverfified with many rifing grounds ; the tops of which, particularly in the neighbourhood of the town, are covered with plantations. The whole is enclofed with hedges and ditches, and agriculture is much attended to. The parifh is watered by the Gamoch river, and the Lugtoa, one of its tributary ftreams. Eglintoun-cajile, the feat Strathmore, that great vale, which of the family of Eglintoun for upwards extends from Stonehaven in the N. E. of 400 years, is in this parifh ; it is to the diftrict of Cowal in Argyllfhir& /urrounded with plantations and plea- on the S. W.. directly acrofs the kingfure grounds, containing 2000 Scots dom. S. of the Grampians, the furacres, laid out in the fineft ityle. The face is in general fertile ; and, fince ruins of the monaftery of Kilwinning the late improvements in agriculture is fituated about a mile from the have been introduced into this diftrict, {own; it was founded in 1140 by the appearance has been greatly imHugh de Moreville, Lord of Cunning- proved. The N. part of the fhirc ham, for monks of the Tyronenfian is mountainous, and chiefly adapted order, and dedicated to 5/. Winning ; for pafture. Kincardinefhire contains it was deftroyed at the reformation, only one royal borough, viz. Inverand the only entire remains of this an- bervie or Bervie ; but there are cient and magnificent monaftery are feveral populous towns and villages, a fteeple and gable of the church, of which Stonehaven, yohn's-have/;, which were lately repaired at a conli- and Laurence-kirk, are the chief; the derable expence by the Earl of Eglin- latter, from an inconfiderable village, toun. Freeftone and limeftone are has by the judicious and liberal exfound in great abundance, and of the ertions of the late Lord Gardenftone, fineft quality ; and no parifh in Scot- become a handfome little town, with land is better fupplied with coal. In confiderable manufactures. There arc 1793, it contained 2360 inhabitants; many fine rnanfions in the county, a decreafs of i2j fince 1755. particularly at Barn, built by the late:

W.

KIN
Arbuthnot, the exertions that have been made in the' way of improvement, has been the ; Urie, the feat of Mr. Barclay, the birth-place of clearing the mofs of Kincardine, on the the famous apologift for the Quakers; eft-ate of tslair-jJrummond. This mofs Criggie, the feat of Mr. ScoLt ; Beri- (as be ore mentioned] originally cohotmc-cajhe, the feat of Mr. Rbbe'rtfon vered 2000 acres, in the upper parts Laurijhn, the feat of Mr. of which there are from 6 to 12 feet Scott Brand, &c. and it poffeifes feverai of mofs ; in the lower parfs about 3. vefciges of antiquity at Dunottar-caftie, it lies upon a bed of clay, Grhilar to Fendlas-cajtie, the Kame of Mathers, the reft of the carfe, and the great In many places there are fine object of the late Lord Karnes, and Sec. quarries of limeftone, particularly in nis fon Mr. Drummond Home, the the parifh of EccleiVrcig and Laur- prefent proprietor, was to waih or ence-kirk. In the panlh of Arbuthnot, float away the mofs from the furface and on the more near St. Cyrus, peb- of the clay, which has been done to a The very considerable extent, by railing bles and fine jafpers are found. eounty is divided into 19 parochial the waters of the Teith by a large diftriebs which, by the returns made water wheel (on the principle of the to Sir John Sinclair in 1790-8, con- Perfian wheel), of which a particular tained 26,799 inhabitants, being an in- account is given in the Encyclopedia creafeof 2453 mice 1755. The valued hritannica. This water, flowing in the rent is 74,921k is. 4d. Scots, and the trenches dug through the mofl, conreal land rent is eftimated at 38,500k veys to the Forth the mofs thrown into it by the labourers, abfolutely blackiteriing. KINCARDINE a parifh in Perth- ening the ftream with the rich vefhire, fituated in the ftrath of Mon- getable mould thus earned off. In teith. It is of a triangular figure, 10 this way, upwards of 400 acres have' miles in length, from the confluence been cleared, and fettled by a number of the rivers Forth and Teith, to its of families of induftrious Highlanders; S. weftern extremity ; from thence to and the ground, which had lain waftethe N. W. extremity, 12 miles; and its and unprofitable for ages, contained weftern border meafures 7 miles. It in 1796, 102 houfes, 764 perfons, 201 This is furrounded on all fides, except the cows, and 54 horfes and carts. S. by lofty mountains ; on the N. and Herculean labour (for fo it may well W. by the Grampians : on the E. are be termed), in the opinion of many the Ochils, towering with their lofty might have been fpared, and the rich fummits amongft the clouds. It con- mould, as well as the dung of thd tains fomevvhat more than 6000 acres, Augean ftable, converted to a much of which 4000 arc carfe lands, lying better ufe, than by fending a river' along the Forth, and the remainder through it to wafh it off the ground* Jry field., along the Teith. Of the form- It would be foreign to our purpofe to er, only one half is arable ; the other enter minutely into the means of imhalf being covered by the mofs of proving mofs lands ; but we refer to Kincardine. The appearance of' this a treatife on that fubjecr, by a Mr. Smith of Scivindrig-muir, near Beath, tliftrict is a dead flat, with a rich blue clay foil, beyond any depth that has in Ayrfhire, who has found by exbeen examined, and intermixed with periments, that nothing more is nenumerous thin beds of ihells, parti- ceffary, than to cut fmall drains in the eularly of oyfters. The dry field rifes mofs, and afterwards to mix the upgently from the carfe on one hand, per furface with a quantity of quick and from the Teith on the other ; the lime, which not only confolidates it foil is a light loam, on a tilly bottom, in a furprifmg manner, but will probut much encumbered with large no- duce the firft year almoft any crop ; Be- and the foil thus formed is almoft indules of whin or puddingftone. fides the Tilth and Forth, the parifh is exhauftible, from the quantity of vewatered by the fmall river Goody, getable matter which it contains, conwhich runs through its whole length. vertible by the frefh application of Agriculture has been much attended lime into the food of plants. Such to of late years, and enclofures are is the effect of lime in confolida-ting fetccme very general ; but the greateft mofs, aided by draining, that, though
;

Lord Adam Gordon

feat of

Vifcount Arbuthnot

KIN
fome of Mr. Smith's experiments, before thefe operations, it would not bear a dog ; often after the fecond, and always after the third year, it
in

KIN
of the thinned gruel, or fome fuch light aliment, which was received through the aperture made by breaking two of her fore teeth, for the purpofe of feeding her." In this parifh is fituated the mountain of Craigchonichan, where the gallant Marquis of Montrofe fought his laft battle,

can be ploughed and harrowed by and the crops taken off by cuts; and, at the end of 5 or 6 years, if it be laid out in grafs, cattle may pafture, without breaking or poaching it. The potatoes raifed on mofs lands are faid to be more free from blemifh than any other, and are always preferred for planting again, to thofe grown on other foils. There are two villages in the pariih of Kincardine, viz. Norhorfes,

and was

and Thorn-bill, now nearly united, and containing, in 1792, 626 inhabitants. Blair- Drummond, the feat
riejionvn,

of Mr. Drummond Home, is an elegant houfe, furrounded with extenfive plantations of various kinds of trees, of which the larix has throve particularly well. In 1792, the population, as Stated in the Statistical report of the rev. Mr. Tait, was 2068, being an increafe of 3i8 Since 1755.

KINCARDINE a hilly pariih in the counties of Rofs and Cromarty, above 30 miles in length at its E. end it is very narrow, but it gradually widens, till at the weftern extremity, where the great foreft of Balnagown is fituated, it is 20 miles in breadth. It coniifts of ftraths or glens, in which run feveral fmall rivulets, and of mountains of great extent, covered with fine foft heath, and affording excellent fneep walks. The coaft of the Frith of Dornoch, which bounds the parifh on the N. and E. is flat and Sandy, affording fafe harbours for fmall vef;
:

defeated by Colonel Strachan. Knockbimy, a hill which divides this parifh from AJJint, abounds with marble, both white and coloured ; and, on Caimchuichnaig, topazes, iimilar to thofe of Cairngorm, have been found. In 1 79 1, the population was 1600. a confiderable town in the parifh of Tulliallan, in Perthshire, though almoft entirely fur* rounded by the county of Clackmannan. It is built upon the banks of the Forth, about 4 miles W. from Alloa, and 22 S. from Perth ; it was originally named Weft Pans, from the number of fait pans which were wrought in it, amounting in 1780 to 15, though now reduced in number to 2 or 3, The houfes are well built, and the Streets regular ; and, being built upon the pan aihes, it has a dry and healthy Situation. It has a poft-office, 2 weekly markets, and feveral well attended fairs. There is a valuable falmon fifhing in the Forth at this place, by means of cruives. The harbour is commodious ; and oppofite to the town is an excellent roadftead, where 100 veffels of any burden may ride in fafety. Ship-building is carried on to a confiderable extent, and 9 or 10

KINCARDINE;

veffels

have fometimes been on the

Stocks at one time, Some of which fels. There are feveral falmon fifhings were from 200 to 300 tons burden on the Frith, and on the waters of the there were in 1792, 75 veffels belongGigeal and Carron, belonging to Sir ing to the town, navigated by 300 Hector Munro, Sir Charles R.ofs, and Sailors, which are employed in importMr. Rofs of Iwvercarron. Seals are ing wood, iron, flax, &c. from the abundant in the Frith ; wild deer, roes, Baltic ; barley from England, and other otters, badgers, and a variety of wild places ; and in exporting coals from fowl, abound in the hills. The vil- the Frith, to Norway, Sweden, and lage of Kincardine is fituated on the different parts of Europe ; and fome coail, with a fmall harbour, about 14 of the veilels are employed in the miles of Tain ; is excellently a- Mediterranean and Levant trade, and dapted for manufactures, being near one is in government fervice. It is a two great corn countries, and having creek belonging to the Port of Alloa. the advantage of water carriage. Ja- In 1793, it contained about 900 inhanet M'Leod, the celebrated failing wo- bitants.

W.

alive in 1791,

man, mentioned by Mr. Pennant, was KINCARDINE ; a decayed village when, according to Mr. in the parifh of Fordown, in KincarGallie, " fhe was 60 years of age, dinefhire anciently the capital of and took no nourishment, but a little the county to which it gives its name,
;

Mm

KIN
till
j

KIN
.

King James VI. removed the crjtffts regular figure 5 miles in Jeflgth, and which is now the coun- %\ in breadth, and containing 3780 ty town. In 1792, it contained only Scots acres, of which 2520 are arable the remainder, which takes in a part 73 inhabitants.
to Stonehaven,
j

or O'a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, 7 containing Jniks long, and 5 broad 5560 acre? of arable ground, of which 4600 were under oats ; 800 under barley ; 560 under potatoes, turnips, and fown grafs, valued in all 3196671. fterling. The hamlet wiic't furrouhds the church, is finely fituated on the banks of Dee, and commands an extenfive profpect up that river towards the Grampian mountains. It is much reforted to as a place of fnmmer retirement for invalids. Mr. Grant of Kincardine has built a neat and cummodioub manfion-houfe near the village, which he has fheltered by planting upwards of 500 acres with different kinds of foreft trees; there are, befides, ;ibout 200 acres more in the parifh, covered with plantation. In 1791, the population, by the report to Sir John Sinclair, was 2075.

KINCARDINE O'NEIL,
; ;

of the
ed.
ral

hill

of Kinnoul,
foil is

NEAL

The
ftrong

moftly plantvarious, but in geneis

and fertile. The falmon on the Tay, in this parifh, arc rented at upwards of 3000I. per annum. The caftle of Kinfauns, the feat of Lord Gray, (lands on an elevated fituation, overlooking the Carfe and the Tay, which wafhes that fertile district on the S. In this caftle is prefifhings

served a large old fword, 5 feet 9 inches long, and z\ broad, faid to have belonged to Sir Thomas Charteris, commonly called Thomas de Longueville, the friend of Sir William Wallace. In 1793, the population was 628. a parifh in the county and ifiand of Bute, 7 miles long, and 2 broad, lying in the S. extremity of the ifiand. The foil is light and fandy, but, when properly cultivated, exceedingly fertile. MountStewart, the feat of the Earl of Bute,

KINGARTH;

KINCHARDINE

a parifh in In-

is

in

this

parifh,

furrounded

with

1791, 727 ; decreafe a parilli in Perth- 252 Since 1755. shire, in the diffricT: of Stormont, lying cal; anciently upon the S. and W. banks of the river led Ken Edar ; a parifh in' AberdeenTay. The foil is moftly thin and fhire, extending 12 miles in length, fharp, containing great quantities of and varying from 2 to 5 in breadth ; ftones ; in the higher muir-lands the bounded on the W. by the Denver on* foil has a mixture of mofs; and round The furface is fiat, but diverfified with the final! village of Amtully, it is a hill and dale, and the foil is in generich black loam. The furface is di- ral dry and gravelly ; all the higher verfified with a few rifing grounds, all grounds are covered with heath, and, of which are acceffible to the plough. except where the foil is exceedingly Agriculture is carried on with great poor, retain marks of former cultivapropriety. It is ornamented with fe- tion. Of 14,000 Scots acres which it veral coppices of natural woods, of contains, 6482 are under culture ; 440a oak, birch, &c. and there are fome muir and pafture; 1982 mofs; and the plantations of firs and other foreft remainder covered with plantations.

Abernethy. beautiful and VideABERNETHY andKiNCH ARDINE. Population in

vernefsfhire, united to

extenfive

plantations.

KINCLAVEN

KING EDWARD

generally in a thriving ftate. has carried away many acres of the fmeft land, particularly on the eftate of Mr. Drummond of LogieAlmond : there are feveral valuable falmon fifhings on the fame river, within the bounds of the parifh. The ruins of Kinclaven-caftle, on the banks of the Tay, fhew it to have been formerly a place of confiderable ftrength. Population in 1794, 1150. KINFAUNS; a parifh in Perthfliire, at the eaftern extremity of the Carfe of Gowrie, extending in an ii
trees,

The Tay

The village of Neiubytb was begun to be feued in 1764, and contained in The 1793, about 300 inhabitants. parifh is the property of the Earl of Fife, Mr. Urquhart of CraigJlon, Mr. Urquhart of Byth, Mr. Gordon of Lien, and Mr. Rufiel and Mr. Taylor of Balmad, all of which, except Lord Fife and Mr. Gordon, refide in the parifh. On the poft road from Turreff to Banff, frauds the ruin of the caftle of King Edward, the ancient feat of the once powerful Cumyn Earl of Buchan j it is of great ftrength, fortw

It
lied

IN
i

KIN

on all fides, and (unrounded with to Charles I. who wrote a treatife on KingIn 1795, the parifh their nature and properties. deep ditches. horn gives fecond title of Earl to the contained 1577 inhabitants. KINGHORN ; a royal borough in Earl of Strathmore. Population in Fifefhire, fituated on the coafl of the 179^!, 1768; dVcreafe 621 fince 1755.
Frith of Forth, nearly oppofite to Leith, between which towns there are regular paflage boats. It is impoflible to determine at what time this town became of confequence ; it' is not improbable, that the Aborigines of the country would fettle here for the convenience of Billing ; and. when Edinburgh became the capital, and the general place of refort, fifljermen and failors would be induced to take up their refidence, to fervethe paflengers in their way to and from the metropolis. It was inverted with the privileges of a royal burgh, by King David I. and about that time is faid to have been a royal residence ; and, not many years ago, were to be feen the ruins of a caftle, which was one of the ufual feats of our ancient Scottifh kings. The town is pieafantly fituated on the fide of a hill fronting the Forth, and confiits of one main ftreet, intersected by bye-lanes. An ancient building, called St. Leonanfs tower, in the middle of the town, is nfed as a courthoufe and prifon. The trade is inconfiderable it has long been famous for thread ftockings ; and, within thefe few years, has been eftablifhed a machinery for fpinning cotton and flax, which promifes to be fuccefsful. In j 79 3, it contained 11 18 inhabitants. The parifh of Kinghorn is about 4 miles in length, and 3-i- in breadth, and the ifland of Inch-Keith is generally confidered as belonging to it. The furface is beautifully diverfified, and exhibits that variety and gently rifmg hills, which form the pidhrrefque and fanciful fcene which imagination
;

a parifh in Fifeof the form of a parallelogram, 4 miles in length, and 2 in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by the river Leven, and watered by two of its tributary ftreams, the Lpchty and the Gre. On the banks of thefe rivulets the furface is flat, riiing with a gentle
;

KINGLASSIE

fliire,

and forming two fmall ridges. of it is arable, but only one third of it is under tillage. The foil is partly a deep clay, and partly a light loam, with fome rich pafcure meadows. The village is fituated on the banks of the Leven, and, in 1791, contained 250 inhabitants. There are many freeflone quarries; and the coal which is raifed in this parifh, is efleemed the beft burning coal in Fife. The population in 1771, was 1200; and
afcent,

The whole

in

79 1, the

number of
;

inhabitants

was nearly the fame.

KING OLD RUM

a parifh in the

county of Forfar, fituated at the bafe of the Grampian ridge, and comprehending feveral of thefe mountains
with'.n its limits. It is 7 miles in length,

and %\

in

breadth

the

foil is

in

ge-

neral a deep black mould, and on the arable land, which may amount to 3700 acres, excellent crops of cats and bailey are often raifed ; and wheat, peafe, &c. are alfo cultivated with fuccefs : on the fummit of the hill called Schitrroch, there are the veftiges

of a druidical temple; and, on the top of Catlaiv, elevated 2264 feet above the fea level, is a large cairn, with

marks of fire upon it. The caftle of Balfour is a very ancient Gothic building, belonging to Colonel Fotheringcan paint. The foil, where capable ham of Powrie, who is the chief proof culture, is a rich black mould, ex- prietor, of the parifh. In 1793, the ceedingly fertile. The coaft is about population, as ftated in the Aatiftic.il 3 miles in extent, and has 2 harbours; report of the rev. Mr. Badenach, was one below the town, and the other about 600 in i8ci, the number was about half a mile W. at Pettycur, for 5 77the convenience of the paflage boats. KFNGOODIE a village in Perth. About half way betwixt the town of fhire, in the parifh of Longfcrgan. Kinghorn and Pettycur, is a bafaltic built on the eftate of Mr. Mylne of rock, running into the fea, which me- Mylnefield, to accommodate the larits the attention of naturalifts. There bourers in the quarry of Khigoodie. is alfo a mineral fpring, called Kingborn The ftone of this quarry is of a gray Spa-Tv, the waters of which were much colour, of the kind of freeftone termed celebrated by Br. Anderfon, phyfician grain/lone by mineralogifts ; it is dirU
; ;

Mm

KIN"
ficult to work, but is hard and durable to an uncommon degi ee ; fo much fo, that the fteeple or old tower of Dundee, built of this ftone in 1189, fcarcely fnews any appearance of decay and the houfe of Cajlk-Huntly, built in 1453, has fcarcely a ftone affected by the weather. It is certainly the belt ftone for building in Scotland ; and, as it produces ftones of any iize, even 50 feet in length by 16 in bi^adth,
-

K I N'
berntte and Alyth, about a mile E. from Duniinane hill. Its height has been accurately meafured by Profeffor Playfair, and found to be 1238 feet above the level of the fea at low water. KINGUSSIE and INCH; an u, nited parifh in Invernefs-fhire, in the diftrict of Badenoch about 20 miles
;

and 17 in breadth. It is moftly allotted for fheep pafture, and is, perhaps, more elevated above the and 3 thick ; it is much on demand, fea, and farther diftant from the coaft and carried to a confiderable diftance. in every direction, than any parifh in The number of workmen is about 50 the kingdom. From this high filiaor 60, and, with their families, amount tion, it is cold and damp ; it is interto about 120. fered by the Spey, which winds in a KING'SBARNS a pariih in Fife- number of beautiful curves through a fhire, about 4 miles fquare. The foil beautiful meadow, interfperfed with is partly thin and fandy, and partly a alder and birch trees. The meadow deep, ftrong, black loam, generally is bounded by an elevated flope, alfo producing good crops. The village covered with trees, and behind the of King'sbarns lies 6 miles S. E. of St. fhaggy and abrupt rocks and mounAndrews, and contained, ^11791,467 tains, forms a fcene truly picturefque. Inhabitants, who are moftly weavers There are feveral other ftreams, which of ofnaburgs, fhirtings, &c. for the arife from fmall lakes in the parifh, Dundee market. It is faid to have re- and empty themfelves into the Spey.
in length,
:

ceived its name from fome royal ftorehoufes, which were erected on the fpot by King John, when he refided at a caftle near half a mile diftant, the foundations of which were evident fome years ago. There is a very copious mineral fpring, containing iron

The

Limeftone aand an excellent quarry has been opened on the In eftate of the Hon. H. Erfkine.
diflblved

by

fixed air.

largeft lake is Loch Inch, from which one of the diftridrs takes its name. The foil is a light fandy loam, in the lower ground mixed with the dime depofited from the river, when the whole it overflows its banks would be abundantly fertile, if the climate was more mild, and lefs fub^
:

to ftorms. It feeds about 7000, and a great number of black There are feveral druidical cattle. 1791, the population of the parifh of circles, and the appearance of a. recKing'sbarns, as returned to Sir John tangular encampment, afcribed to the Romans: a tripod and urn were lately Sinclair, was 871. KING'S-KETTLE the parifh of found, which ieem to favour the idea Kettles in Fifefhire ; fo called becanfe that that nation had carried their arms it formerly belonged to the crown. far beyond the wall of Antoninus. mine was opened fome years ago, and "Vide Kettle

bounds

in the pariih

iect

"iheep,

KING'S-MUIR; an extenfive trait of wild ihhcultivated ground, in Fifefhire, locally fituated in Denino parifli, but acknowledged by no parifh, It contains about 1000 qv acres, and was originally the property, of the crown but given by Charles II. after the Refipration, to Col. Borthwick, who had attended him in his exile. It is now entailed on the family A coal work has been of Humo.

fome fpecimens of ore, very rich in but the work was filver, was dug up foon difcontinued, and has never been
;

returned. In 1792, the population returned to Sir John Sinclair was 1983. ; a parifh in Perthlhlre, about 9 miles long, and z\ broad ; lying to the weftward of Blairgowrie.

KINLOCH

furface is finely diverfified with and dale> lakes, rivers, and woods, with gentlemens feats; all uniting to wrought for fome years to great ad- render the fcenery highly beautiful. Within this diftrict there The lakes are called Drumelie, Rae, vantage and Fenzies, which are the property were in .'791, 153 inhabitants. -\s-Si at ; a hill in Perthfhire, of Mr. Farquharfon of Invercauld, and K
hill

The

on the borders of the parifhes of A-

yield plenty of excellent marl.

The

KIN
foil is in general good, and the crops are barley, oats, artificial grafles, and potatoes. There is a druidical temple, and an old caftle, called Glajfctune, the property of Colonel Campbell of AchIn a muir in the parifh, are a alader. vaft number of tumuli, called the Heer Caims, faid to point out the place of the engagement between Agricola the Roman general, and Galgacus general of the Caledonians. In 1793, the number of inhabitants was 372. K1NLOSS ; a parifh in the county of Elgin, fituated at the head of the bay of Findhorn. It is of a fquare form, about 33 miles in length, and the fame in breadth. The furface is exceedingly level, and the foil, though various, is tolerably fertile'. Findhorn, the village at the mouth of the river

KIN
rally the Grit land

made by fhips comfrom the North fea to the E. coaft of Scotland, and from the Baltic to the Moray and Pentland Friths. It is
ing
alfo

taken as a point of departure.

light is feen from a great diftance, by which vefiels are enabled to haul their wind in time, and avoid the danger of a lee-fhore. KINNEFF; a pariih in the county of Kincardine, extending from the mouth of the river Bervie, northward, along the coaft, about 5 miles, and

The

containing 6408 acres, of which two-

thirds are arable. The furface is interfperfed with riling grounds, moftly covered with heath ; the foil, particularly along the coaft, is a fine rich loam, mixed with clay, yielding plentiful crops of wheat, barley, beans, of the fame name, is in this parifh. peafe, and fown grafles, especially when improved in the modern way Population in 1790, 1031. Kin los 3 ; a fmall river in Argyll- by fallow, draining, and lime. The fhire, which runs into Loch Ozv, near coaft is bold and rocky, poffeffing only two fmall creeks for boats, at CV?the mountain of Cruachan.

a parifh in Forfar; fuppreffed, and divided between the parifhes of Ferncll and Brechin. a parifh in Perth; fhire, fituated in the Carfe. braes of
fhire, lately

KINNAIRD
KINNAIRD

terline

and

Gap-bill,

where two fmall

rivulets difcharge themfelves into the ocean. The rocks, like the reft of this

Gowrie, about midway between Perth and Dundee. It extends about 2 miles E. and W. and 3 N. and S. comprehending part of the wafte and uninhabited hilly lands on the N. fide of the fertile plain. Near the village, around
the church, is the old caftle of Kinnaird, the barony lands of which belonged to the noble family of that name, by a grant from one of the Kings of Scotland : from thefe they derived the name and title, though no part is now in their poffeflion. Population in 1790, 404.

part of the coaft, are of the plumpudding kind, fome of them affuming the appearance of lava. There are 3 old catties on the coafc, which have been ftrongly fortified, both by nature and art. Population in 1790, about 1000. ; a pariih in Angusfhire,, containing nearly 3000 acres, of which 2000 are arable. The foil is various, one part being clay and wet, the othe'r fandy, and both tolerably fertile. The crops are oats, barley, potatoes, flax, turnip, and fown grafles. There are feveral tumuli; and tradition points out the field of a battle fought between the rival clans of Lindfay and

KINNELL

Ogilvie, in 1443.

The church

is

dif-

promontory tant about 6 miles from A.berbrothock, in Aberdeeirfbire, about a mile N. of the neareft town. In 1792, the poputhe town of Frazerburgh 'fuppofed lation, asftated by the rev. Mr. Chapto be Prbmdntorium Talxalium of Pto- lin, in his report to Sir John Sinclair, lomy, being the turning point of the was 830 increafe 6.9 iince 1755. J&jiuarium Vararis, or Moray Frith. Kin n ell a river in Dumfriesfhire, On the top of it is the caftle of Kin- which falls into the Annan near the naird's Head, built about the year royal burgh of Lochmaben.
a
;

Kinnaird's Head;

i6co, four (tories high, and it ill entire, and in good repair. On the top of this caftle, a few years ago, a Kght-houfe was creeled, containing 20 lamps with reflectors, which will be of great feryice preventing fhipwrecks on the foift ; Kinnaird's Head being gene-

J
:

a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, containing about 4000 acres, and confiding of an irregular afleriiblage of hills, which are of inconfiderable elevation, and are either wholly cultivated, or fufceptible of cultivation.

KINNELLAR;

The

furrnniis are generally co-

KIN
Vcred with a fmall plantation of firs, which give beauty to the fcene, while they afford fhelter to the country. Agri culture is i:i a ftate of tolerable perfection, and the farmers very generally follow the fyftems of fummer fallow and green crops. There are 5 or 6 heritors, of whom only Mr. Leys of G'afgow-forejl, and Mr. Hog of Auchnmie, are relident. Several cairns are feen here, and upright ftones, arranged in an elliptical form, fuppofed to have been part of a druidical ediPopulation in 179a, 342. fice.
a parifh in the county of Forfar, nearly a fquare of 4 miles. The foil is clay, varioufly mixed with loam and fand : the greater part is enclofed and well cultivated, yielding good crops of oats, barley,
;

KIN
ings on the Tay, within this parifh, are rented by Mr Richardfon of Perth, at 520I. fterling per annum. Thi ruins of the ancient c'aftle of Kinnoul, from whence the noble family of Hay take the title of Earl, are ftill to be feen

and, at Balthayock, are the remains of an old caftle, formerly the feat of the family of Blair. In the hill of Kinnoul is a deep cave, called the Dragon's
hole,

in

which,

it

is

faid,

the cele-

brated Sir

long
is

William Wallace was fecreted. The hill of Kinnoul

KINNETTLES

with fome wheat and flax. The manfion-houfes of Major Douglas of Bridgton, of Mr. Bower of Kincaldrum, and of Mr. Simpfon of Inwrigbty, with the pleafure grounds, give the whole parifh a delightful appearance. In 1801, the population was 567, being a decreafe of 53 fince 1793, when the return was made to Sir John Sinclair. KINNOUL; a parifh in Perthftiire, fituated on the E. fide of the river Tay, nearly oppofiie to the town of Perth ; about i\ or 2 miles fquare, containing 3000 acres, of which 700 The are covered with plantations. furface is irregular, rifing from the banks of the river to the fummit of the hill of Kinnoul, the elevation of which is 632 feet above the level of the Tay. There is an extenfive and thriving nurfery belonging to the company of Dickfon and Brown, which contains all kinds of fruit trees, &c. which are naturalized to the climate. The village of Kinnoul, commonly

a great mineralogical curiofity, and has been particularly examined by all the tourifts, who have made that fcience an object of their ftudy. The greater part of it is compofed of lava, in which the different layers or currents are very evident : fome of it is compact, but it is generally full of cells, refembling the flag of an iron foundery ; it is very fufible, and eafily converted into a glafs of a blackifh purple colour : there are many different kinds of the lava, owing to different admixtures ; of which Monf. Faujas de St.

Fond enumerates

fome of the currents of

20. In lava are found

veins of fulphat of barytes, and there are many large pieces of the fame mineral in the appearance of what is called cawk : there are many fpecimens

of zeolite, and of rock cryftal feme of the latter encrufted with chalcedony. Calcareous fpars are alio found, and fine fpecimens of a greenifh Jleatites ;
;

this hill is particularly famous for the fine agates, both of the ribbon and fortification kinds, which are found in great quantities amongft the rubbifli, at the foot of the mountain. To the botanift alfo, the hill of Kinnoul is not deftitute of attractions ; it abounds with many rare plants ; in called Bridge-end, from its local filia- particular, the cynoglojjym officinale, or tion, at the endof the bridgeof Perth, " greater hound's tongue," which, in great abundance, raifes its mulberry? is a burgh of barony, holding of the Earl of Kinnoul, the fuperior, and en- coloured flowers amongft the broken titled to hold a weekly market, and pieces of lava on the fides and at the 4 fairs. Many of the greateft orna- foot of the hill ; the allium vineale, or ments and improvements, which have " crow garlic," the afplenium ceterach, been lately made in the vicinity of or " fpleenwort," are alfo feen in great Perth, are in this parifh : numerous abundance. In 1795, the population gentlemen have erected beautiful feats of the parifh of Kinnoul was 1465 ; on the fides of the hill, and the banks increafe 302 fmce 1755. Kinpurnie; a hill in Perthfhire, of the river ; of which Belle-wood, the feat of Mr. John Young, and Wood- in the parifh of Meigle, with a fine tnd, the feat of Mr. Moncrieff, are the tower on its fummit, fitted up as an moft confpicuous. The falmon fifh- obfervatory. It is fituated about 3

but

KIN
E. of Belmont-caflle ; and its height, by accurate barometrical meafarement, has been found to be 1151 feet above the level of the fea. KINROSS-SHIRE is bounded on the N. E., E. and S. by Fifdhire and on the other fides by the county of
Milles S.
;

KIN
face
is

flat,

and the

foil

partly clay,

but chiefly a thin blackilh loam, on a

gravelly bottom. It is watered by 5 fmall ftreams, viz. the North and South Qiiiech, and the Galrney, which pom* their ftreams into the lake. The fmall illand, on which lcands Loch Levencajlle, is alfo in this parifh ; (vide Lock Lev en.) Kinrofs-houfc, the property of Mr. Graham, is a large elegant ftrueture, built in 1685, by the celebrated architect Sir William Bruce, for his own refidence : the old houie, for many generations the refidence of the Eavls of Morton, was taken downt

JPerth.

It is alrnoft

circular,

and

a-

'bout 30 miles in circumference. The middle part is occupied by the beautiful expanfe of water, Loch Lewi, and from its banks the ground rifes towards the N. with a gentle declivity bat towards the S. the rife is more abrupt and rugged. The face of the country has a rich and delightful ap- in 1723, but fome veftiges of its founpearance, and on the fides of the lake dations are ftill difcernible. Populaare feveral feats; of which Kinrofs- tion, as returned to Sir John Sinclair houfe, the feat of Mr. Graham, and in 1791, 1839. KINTAIL ; a parifh in Rofs-fhire, Maryburgh, the feat of Mr. Adam, It contains only one is 13 miles long, and in general 6 are the chief. town, viz. Kinross, which is the broad, comprehending 3 diflricts, viz. county town, and is divided into 4 the fide of Croe, Glenelchaig, and The whole is interfered pariflies, the population of which, in Glafietter. 1791-8, was 5302, being an increafe by the arms of the fea, Loch Long and of 41 3 fince 1755. Kinrofs-fhire al- Loch Duich, and is wild and mounternately divides with Clackmannan- tainous : the chief production is black fliire the right of fending a member cattle, of which there are upwards of In the different di- 1200 in the parifh. It is the property to parliament. of Lord Seaforth, and Mr. Chifiiolm ftricts, are abundance of limeftone and coal ; ironftone is alfo met with. of Cbijholm, and is moftly inhabited Rae. The hill of The hills are moftly compofed of a by the clan of coarfe whinftone, in fome of the fif- Tullochard is elevated to a great height, fures of which are fmall veins of lead and is feen at a diftance ; (vide Tulore. The valued rent of the county lochard.) The cafcade of Glommach, in Glenelchaig, is a remarkable is 20,192b us. 2d. Scots, and the real land rent may be eftimated at 12,710b waterfall, rendered more awful from the darknefs of the impending hills Iterling. KINROSS, capital of the fhire of and woods. The caftle of St. Donau the fame name, is a fmall ftraggling was built in the reign of Alexander II. town, pleafantly fituated on a plain, and demoliihed in 1791, after the batIn 1792, the popuat the W. end of Loch Lcven, upon tle of Glenfhiel. the great road from Queensferry to lation of two of the diftricts was 840, Perth, from each of which it is diftant and the other diftrict was calculated 15 miles. It was formerly famed for to make the total inhabitants about about 30 1000. its cutlery manufacture : Kintail; a peninfula in the parifh years ago that branch employed 30 or 40 hands, but it has declined fince of Kintail, formed by the arms of the that time, and is now little known. fea, Loch Garron and Loch Long. It The prefent manufacture is the coarfe is the. S. W. corner of Rofs-fhire. linens, called filefias, of which there is KI E a fmall borough in ftamped on an average, to the value Aberdeenfhire, feated on the Don, aof 118,434b annually. There are alfo bout 15 miles W. of the county town. fome branches of the cotton manufac- It is a burgh of great antiquity, laid In 1791, it to have received its charter from Kenture, lately introduced. contained 1437 inhabitants. The pa- neth Macalpin, about the beginning rifh of Kinrofs extends about 3 miles of the 9th century ; but none of its in every direction round the town, ex- records are extant, of a later date eept towards the E. where Loch Le- than a charter of confirmation by forms ths boundary. The fur- James Y. It is governed by a pro-

NT OR

vm

KIN
^oil, 2 bailies, a

KI

dean of guild, and a Kintyre, where he emancipated psrf. treafurer ; affifted by a council of 8 of the vaffals of Macdonald in Argyll, other of the burgefles. The office- and granted them, de novo, charters bearers are not obliged to be changed holding directly of the crown and, and, accordingly, the Earls of Kin- in 1536, to curb more effectually the tore have been provofts for about a Hcenfe, and to fubdue the haughty century pad. The revenue is laid to fpirit of the chieftain and his vaffals, have been once confiderable, but is James V. found it neceffary to make now much diminilhed. The town is a voyage to the Ifles. During this fmall, but is pretty well built, and expedition, the King built, or rather has a neat town-houfe and prifon. It fortified the caftle of Kilkerran near contains only about 230 inhabitants, Campbelltpwn, and left in it a garriand unites with Banff, Cullen, Elgin, fon, to overawe Macdonald in Kinand Inverury, in fending a member to tyre, whofe caftle of Duniveg flood parliament, and gives title of Earl to within half a mile of the king's but the ancient family of Keith. The pa- the daring chieftain and his followers rish of Kintore is nearly 6 miles in were not to be thus intimidated. Belength, and 3 in breadth, gradually fore the King had got clear of the riling from the banks of the to harbour, they added infult to rebelthe hills on its borders the foil alfo lion, took the caftle, and hung the gradually becomes of a worfe quality, governor on the wall, as a fignal of as it is more removed from the river. their conqueft. As the troubles of The crops are oats, barley, and pota- the times, and the weaknefs of governtoes. The gentleman's feat is Tbain- ment allowed the Macdonaids to comJlone, the refidence of Forbes Mitchell, mit thefe outrages with impunity, Efq. There are numerous cairns and they continued in the fame courfe, tumuli, which are faid to point out defpifing the authority of their fovethe place where Robert Bruce over- reign, till, 'at length, the laft miferable took and deftroyed the army of Ed- expedient of a weak government was ward I. after the defeat of Cumyn adopted, that of commiffioning one Earl of Bachan, near Inverury. In tribe to chaftife and fubdue another 1794, the population of the parifh was with that view, the lordlhip of Kin;
:

Dm

tyre, then in the poffeffion of Sir the James Macdonald, was granted to the S. divifion of Argyllihire. It is a pe- family of Argyll, who, after many a, ninfula lying between the Frith of ftruggle, at length fucceeded in bringClyde and the Atlantic ocean, and ing the Macdonaids to order ; and, in joined to Knapdate at the narrow ifth- the beginning of the 17th century, the mus of iTarbert.; it extends about 35 grant was ratified by parliament, conmiles from N. to S. and 7 in breadth, firming to that family the perpetual confifting partly of low, and partly of pofleiiion of Kintyre. The inhabithigh lands ; it is chiefly inhabited by ants are moftly of the firname of the Highlanders, but many of the Low- Macdonald, Maclachern, Maclean, country men have been invited to fet- Mackeay, Macmath, and Campbell; tle there for the cultivation of the which laft has been introduced of late lands ; it contains feveral villages, but years. Kintyre (Maoil, or the only town of confequence is the of) ; royal burgh of Campbelltov/n. In the S. point of the peninfula of Kinformer times, when the Lords of the tyre. It has a light-houfe 7,35 feet aIP.es ruled in all the pomp of royalty, bove the fea at high water, fituated Kintyre was reckoned part of their on the rocks called the Merchants; dominions ; and we find that, in 1093, the found of Hay bearing by the comto bring it within the com pais of a pafs, N. by W. diftant 27 miles ; the royal grant to that powerful chief, he S. end of Hay N. N. W. diftant 7,4. had his barge drawn under fail acrofs miles; the N. end of Rathlin ifland the ifthmus, which unites it to the N. W. by W. \ W. ; the Maiden In 1493, King James IV. Rocks, S. by "W. \ W. diftant 14 continent. .offended at the independent, ambiti- miles ; Copland Light, S. by W. ; ous, and rebellious condnel: of the W. diftant 31 miles. Macdonaids, held a parliament in KIPiJ ; a parifh lying on the %,

862.

KIN TYRE,

or

CANTYRE

Mull

KIR
county of Stirling. It is 8 miles and from 2 to 4 in breadth. T he foil is naturally divided into carfe and dry jidd; the former lying on the banks of the river, and interfperfed with extenfive mofies, and the latter occupying the higher grounds. The furface of the country prefents a variegated and extenfive profpecb. At the head of the ftrath ftands the houfe of Gurtmore, the feat of Mr. Graham a few miles below, the houfe and policy of Cardrofs, the feat of Mr. Erfkine,
in the
its

KIR
unpromiling appearance, there are

bank of the Frith of Forth, but fitu- long to the port. The town is in a ated partly in Perthfhire, and partly thriving ftate, and, notwithftanding
long,

few towns of its fize in Scotland, where a more wealthy and refpectable fociety is to be met with. The profperity of the place is owing to the late
introduction of manufactures, particularly

of checks and ticking, of which

there are annually fold to the

amount

greatly enliven the landfcape ; the carfe exhibits a rich and well cultivated

country, embellhhed with numerous farms and gentlemens feats ; while, in

particular places, the fpots of black mofs, pleafe, by contrafting the appearance of rude, with cultivated land. Towards the E. the caftle of Stirling, and the rocks of Craigforth, are diftinctly feen : the hills of Monteith rife on the N. like an amphitheatre, while the rugged range of Grampians, from

Benlomond to Bencleugb, encompafTes

It contains % villages, containing 76 families, and Bucklyvic, containing 102 families, in 1795. Both have weekly markets, and each has five fairs within the year. Freeftone and limeftone are found in the parifh, but there is no coal within 12 or 15 miles. In 1795, the population was 1777 ; decreafe 25 fince 1755* KIRKALDY; a royal borough and fea port in Fifefhire, fituated on the coaft of the Frith of Forth, 3 miles E. from Kinghorn. It ftretches along the foot of a bank, and is properly but one ftreet, about a mile in length, with a few narrow lanes opening at each fide : the ftreet is narrow, ill paved, and exceedingly dirty ; and, except a few houfes which have been lately erected, the buildings are mean, awkwardly placed, and conftructed without regard to uniformity. The town-houfe is a plain building, with a tower and fpire, fituated nearly in the middle of the town ; and the church, which is in the Gothic ftyle of architecture, ftands on an eminence, at the back of the town. The harbour is fafe, having been confturcted at a confiderabie expence, and from go to 40 veffels of different fixes be-

the whole.

viz.

Kippefi,

of 30,000b fterling. Cotton and leather manufactures are alfo carried on to a confiderabie extent ; and, on an average, there are built from z to 3 veffels, from 150 to 300 tons each in the year. It is not known at what particular period the town became of any confiderabie fize, nor are there any traces of its hiftory prior to 1334, when it was made over by David II. to the abbots of Dunfermline as a burgh of regality. In their poffeffion " when the it continued till 1450, commendator and convent difponed to the bailies of Kirkaldy, and their fucceffors for ever, the burgh and harbour, with all the cuftoms, immunities, and privileges." It was foon after created a royal burgh, and its privileges were fpecially ratified by a charter of confirmation granted by Charles I. in 1644 ; and the burgh was erected, de noiio, into a free royal burgh and free port, with new and larger immunities. At this time, it is faid to have been a more populous town than it is at prefent, and had 100 veffels belonging to its port. The civil war which immediately followed, in which the town of Kirkaldy took an active hand on the part of the parliament, nearly ruined the town and in 1673, the number of veffels belonging to the port had decreafed to 25, and,
;

was fo great, that petitioning the convention of royal burghs to grant it relief. The trade again revived after the revolution ; but the union with England, and numerous reftrictions with which the trade of Scotland was fettered, caufed it again to fall into decay, and it was not till 1763, that The magiftrates the trade revived. are, a provoft, z bailies, a dean of guild, and treafurer, with a council of
in

1682,
find

its diftrefs

we

it

The revenues of the 21 members. burgh do not exceed 300I. fterling. It joins with Kinghorn, Dyfart, and
Burntifiand, in electing a reprefentav

KIR
tive to the Imperial parliament.

Kill
The
an ifiand of the t He; brides, about a mile long, and verynarrow ; lying on the Coaft of

EIRKBOST
Uift.

of an irregular oblong figure, between 2 and 3 miles in length, and about 1 in breadth, riling gradually from the coaft to the northern extremity. On the N. fide the furface is level, and the foil is moftly a fine black loam, ornamented with the beautiful manfion of Dunniekicr, the feat of Mr. Cfwald, and pleaiure grounds, furrounding it and the The feat of Mr. Fergufon of Raith. profpecl from the high ground is magnificent, and enlivened by the conftant fucceflion of veflcls on the Frith. The pariih contains freeftone, ironftone, and coal ; but none of the two laft are wrought at prefent. Kirkaldy has propariih of
is

Kirkaldy

W.

North

a parifh in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, united tothe pariih of Twyne holme. Vide

KIRKCHRIST;

-TWYNEHOLMF.

KIRKCOLM
fliire.

a parifh in

Wigton-

It is a fort

of peninfula, formed*

by the bay of Lochryan and the Atlantic ocean, and bounded on the
S. by, the parifh of Lefwalt. It extends about 6 miles in length, and 4 in breadth, with a level furface, which is almoft entirely under tillage. The foil is various, the interior being s rich fertile loam, while the fhores are thin, fandy, and gravelly. The coaft affords ieveral fate places of anchorage, particularly at the Wig, a fmall land-locked bay, where fmall veffels may ride in almoft any ftorm. The ruins of a very ancient and fpacious

duced many eminent men

amongft

others, we may name Michael Scot, the Friar Bacon of Scotland, who ffou-

ther more than 700. In the hills of Glenwhurry-cleiigb and Bankhead, are ftrong indications of lead ; and the Glenmucleugb hills are compofed entirely of iimeftone. Coal is found in different places ; but neither it nor the other minerals have yet been wrought. There are many mineral fprings; but the principal is Rigburn Spanu, containing the fame mineralizers as Bartlate Admiral John Campbell was fcl Spaiu, but considerably ftronger; a native of this parifh ; and it alfo (vide Hartfel.) In 1793, the pogave birth to tht fatuous John Paul, pulation was about 1000. this fhire, alias Paul Jones, well known for his conduct to his native country or, as it is more frequently termed, during the American war. Population ftewartry, comprehends the eaftern

the 13th century: and in the century, it gave birth to three of the molt celebrated Seotfmen, viz. Dr. J. Drysdale, the well known patriot and ftatefman ; the late Mr. Oswald of Dunniekier; and the jaftly celebrated Dr. Adam Smith, author of the " Wealth of Nations," the " Theory of Moral Sentiments," and other valuable works. In 1797, the pariih of Kirkaldy contained 2673 inhabitants, of which 2607 rclided in the burgh. KIRKBEAN; a parifh in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, about 6 miles long, and 3 broad, occupying a promontory in the S. E. corner of Galloway. The furface rifes into the ridge of hills called -the Criffel, with a fine Hope towards the fhore, and the whole is in a high ftate of cultivation, furrounded and flickered with belts and clumps of planting. The foil is fertile, producing good crops of almoft every kind of grain. Agriculture is much improved, chiefly by the exertions and example of William Clark, Liq. of Arbigland, who refides at his beautiful feat in the pariffi. There are 3 fmall villages, viz. Kirkbeun, Pre/ton, and Saltevnefs ; the latter of .which has a good harbour and bay. The
r iflied in
laft

building are
tion
is

frill

vifible

but tradi-

concerning the periodof its erection, or the names of its founders. Population in 1792, 945.
filent

KIRKCONNEL
;

a parifh in

Dum-

fries-fhire

extending from 10 to 14

miles in length, and from 7 to 8 in breadth. From the river Nitb, which runs through the diftrict, the furface rifes into lofty mountains, and irregu-

covered with heath and grafs, and interfperfed with narrow glens, with rapid currents at the bottom. Of the whole parifh only 600 acres m e under tillage ; and of thefe the foil is poor and gravelly. The hilly part is well flocked with fheep and black cattle ; of the former of which there are about 13,000, and of the latter ralar hills,

KIRKCUDBRIGHT:
of

in 1793J 660.

diftritt

Galloway,

and extends

KIR
to S.E. about 45 miles in length, and from N. E. to S.W. about 30 in breadth. It is bounded on the

KI
f
]

Pv

from

cubar nature, or the want .of proper fuel, any attempts to reduce it to a calx have been unfuccefsful. Marl ~N. E. and E. by Dumfries-mire, where is found in great abundance, efpecialthe rivers Cairn and Nith form its ly in the Carlinn.vark loch, and from boundary on the S. by the Sohvay thence a canal has been cut, to afford Frith, and the Irifh tea ; on the W. by a fupply of that manure to other parts* Wigtonfhire, where the Cree is the Ironftone abounds in many places, as boundary ; and on the N. W. by the well as lead, but the want of coal is a county of Ayr. The face of the coun- bar to the working of either of thefe try exhibits the appearance of one minerals. The ftewartry of Kirkcudcontinued heath, producing nothing bright fends a member to parliament but pafture for (beep and black cattle, it is divided into 28 parifhes, and in for the Englilh markets ; but theft 1 793-8, contained 26,959 inhabitants, barren muirs are interfered by many being an increafe of 5754 fince 1755. pleafant valleys, which may vie with The valued- rent is 114,571b 19s. 3d. any part of Scotland in point of ferti- Scots, and the real land rent may be lity of thefe the vale of Glenkens need estimated at 96,710!. fterling. only be mentioned as an example. KIRKCUDBRIGHT a royal boKirkcudbrightfhire, efpecially towards rough and county town of the ftewand, like artry of Kirkcudbright ; is pleafantly the N. is rugged and hilly other mountainous countries, is inter- fituated on the river Dee, about 4 fered by numerous ftreams, which, miles before it pours its waters into uniting, form 4 confiderable rivers the Sohvay Frith. The town confifts the Fleet, the of 2 ftreets, uniting nearly at right anthe Cree, on the W. Dee, formed by the union of the Ken gles, and the houfes are for the greatand Dee ; and the Orr or Urr. Thefe er part neat, and regularly built. Arivers, all of which have their rife in bout the middle of the town is a large the N. and empty themfelves into the and elegant court-houfe, built about Sohvay Frith and Irifh fea, abound the year 1791, for the accommodation with falcon, and are ornamented with of the courts of juftice, and the pubnumerous handfome feats, which the lic meetings of- the ftewartry. It has proprietors have been induced to e- never been the feat of any confiderable recl on their banks, from the varied trade or manufacture. About the and pictureique fcenery which they year 1793, a manufactory of cotton
; : ; ; ;

N.W.

unfold.

been

Of late years agriculture has was eftablifhed, which continues to much improved, and the land- be carried on, but.only to a fmall exholders in general have turned their tent. The harbour of Kirkcudbrightis

art.

attention to the advancement of that The lands have been fubdivided and enclofed, and roads have been formed to open an intercourfe with every part of the country. Villages

mouth

have been formed, and manufactures under the patronage of the land proprietors, Kirkcudbrightfhire contains 2 royal boroughs, viz. Kirkeftablifhed,

cudbright and
and
Gate-houfe,

New Galloway?
as ; Cojlle-Douglas,

feveral confiderable villages

and well flickered at its excellent anchorage from 16 to 18 feet at low w ater. It is a port of the cuftomhoufe, comprehending 3 or 4 fmall creeks, to which belong 28 veffels, making, together, 1053 tons. Kirkcudbright is a very ancient burgh; but the earlieft records mention it as a burgh of regality, held under the fuperiority of the Douglafes, as lords of Galloway. Upon
fafe,
:

is

Creetoivn,

Newto-dm-Stewart, and Rbon-boufe ; moft of which have been built within thefe 40 years. Kiikeudbrightmire wants feveral of thole advantages to which Dumfriesfhire ?nl Ayrfhire are indebted for their improvements. It has neither coal nor lime, and but
little

the forfeiture of that family, it was erected into a royal burgh, by a charter from King James II. dated Perth, Oct. 26, 1453 1 which charter was renewed and confirmed by a writ of novodamus from King Charles L dated
at

freeftone : it is true, fome limein 17 perfons, viz. a, ftone has been found in the parifh of provoft, 3 bailies, a treafurer, and. kgchrutton ; but either from its pe- counfellors, who are to meet annually

By this charter town is veiled

Holyroodhoufe, 20th July, 1633. the government of the

Na

KIR
at Michaelmas, and vote out 3 of their number, and elecT: 3 new counfellors The revenues of the in their room. burgh, arifing from the Minings on the Dee, and other public property, amount to nearly 340I. per annum. Kirkcudbright gives title of Baron to In 1793, it the family of Maclellan contained 1641 inhabitants. The parifh of Kirkcudbright is of an oblong fquare form, extending 7 miles from N. to S. and from 3 to 4 in breadth ;
it is

KIR
by Malcolm
erefted after the defeat of the Danes II. ; and a tumulus, which has been found to contain urns and afhes. There are 2 conical mounts on the refpedtive baronies ofGardye and Id-vie, called La<ws, probably the feats equally of juftice and of punifhment in the feudal times. The caftle of
in 1568; it is ftill and habitable, romantically fituated on the verge of a precipice, at the bottom of which runs a purling

Gardyne was built

entire

and has very little ftream through a thriving plantation. but the hills are of Population in 1790, 727. fmall elevation, and are either arable ; a parifh in the or green to the fummits. The foil is ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, about $ of two kinds, either a clayey loam, miles long, and 3 broad. The general upon a wet and cold till bottom, or a appearance is hilly, but there is a good light blackifh earth, upon a dry gra- deal of fine fiat land fome of the'liills vel; though both of thefe produce are covered with heath, and fit only tolerable crops, the fields are very ge- for fheep pafture ; others are green, nerally laid out in pafture, as the grafs and many are arable to the fummits ; is particularly adapted for fattening the fiat land is fertile, but in general The parifh contains 12,325 interrupted with fvvamps, and encattle. Scots acres, of which 9244 are arable; cumbered with ftones. There are but of this extent there are generally 200 horfes, 2000 black cattle, and upin laid pafture. wards of out The 2000 fheep. Here are 3 an6933 acres river Dee bounds the parifh on the cient towers or caftles, at Barclq/h, W. and forms a peninfula called St. Corrah, and Drumcultran, which have Marys TJle, once the fite of a priory, been feats of the family of Maxwell of dale : there are alfo a A'uidicaJ founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway, Nithf in the reign of David I. but is now temple, and feveral Roman camps. In ornamented by a beautiful feat of the 1793, the number of inhabitants was Earl of Selkirk. There is a large ar- 520. KIRKHILL ; a pariih in Invernefstificial lake, called Loch Fergus, with on both of which are fliire, confifting of 2 united parishes, 2, fmall ifiands, the evident marks of ancient fortifica- called Wardlaw and Farnua. It tions ; undoubtedly the remains of extends about 8 miles in length, and the feats or caftles of the ancient lords from 1 to 3 in breadth ; it lies along of Galloway. There are many Britifh the Moray Frith, forming a fine plain camps, and 2 Roman ones are diftincl- of 4 miles extent, from which the furly to be traced ; and feveral ftiong face gradually rifes to the hilly counThe low grounds are of a rich, caftles, of which the moft entire is the try. caftle of Kirkcudbright, formerly the clay loam, exceedingly fertile higher up, it becomes more thin and gravelfeat of the Lords of Kirkcudbright In 1793, the population of the parifh ly, which, in good feafons, is tolerof Kirkcudbright, as returned to Sir ably productive ; it is watered by the river Beaulie, which falls into the Frith John Sinclair, was 3295. KIRKDEN ; a parifh in the county at this place. Here are the remains of Forfar. It extends about 5 miles of 2 druidical temples, much defaced; in length, and its greateft breadth is and on a muir are a number of tumunot more than 2. The foil varies from li, which are faid to point out the a cold clay to a light fand, mixed with place of a dtfperate engagement befmall gravel, commonly calleda beachy tween two rival clans. Population in foil. It is watered by the Lunan, and 1791, 1571. K1RKINNER ; a parifh in Wigone of its tributary ftreams, called the Vinny, which contain trout, but by no tonfhire, about 14 miles in length, means in the abundance which they and 6 in breadth. It lies on the W. There is an obelifk of coaft of the bay of Wigton, and along formerly did. rude lculpture, fuppofed to have been the banks of the river Bladenoch, which
moftly
hilly,
;

extended plain

KIRKGUNZEON

KIR
forms the N. boundary. The appearance of the country is hilly, but no where mountainous ; the foil is in general thin and light, except on one large farm, which is carle ground. Agriculture has much improved this diftridt ; and improvements are proceeding with great rapidity, from the
diftrict.

KIR
Hone are fcattered over the whole
Population
in 1792, 26,9.

KIRKLISTOUN;

a parifh lying

on

and

great quantities of lime, fhell marl, fhell fand, which abound in the There are the veftiges of 2 diftrift. circular camps, near one of which

each fide of the river Amond, partly in the county of Edinburgh, and partly in Linlithgowfhire. Its form is very irregular ; but its length may be ftated at 5^, and its medium breadth at 3-! miles. The foil varies from a ftrong clay to a rich black mould ; the only exceptions being a few haughs on the banks of the river, compoled of a

have been found fome antique coins,

now

in the

pofleflion of the Earl of

Population in 1791, 1152. a parifh and ; burgh in the county of Dumbarton. The parifh is of an irregular triangular figure, in no place extending more than 5 1 miles in length the furface, though diverfified throughout with a variety of riling fvvells, is no where broken into abrupt precipices ; and, except in one place of inconfiderable extent, it is not deformed by rugged rocks. The river Kelvin paffes through it, and in its courfe receives feveral
Selkirk.

loamy foil. The whole parifh under tillage, and agriculture is in a very high ftate of improvement.
light
is

KIRKINTILLOCH

The

village

of

Kirklistoun, an-

ciently called Temple-Lijlon, contained, in 1793, about 560 inhabitants.

Neiv-Liftoh, a feat of the Earl of Stair, is a delightful fpot ; the pleafure grounds and policies, nearly 3 miles in circumference, were entirely laid down on the plan of the celebrated John Earl of Stair, who refided on this eftate, and died in 1747. The remarkable antique monument, called

considerable ftreams ; particularly the Skinna and the Luggie. The Forth and Clyde canal alfo pafs through the whole extent ; and clofe by it are distinct veftiges of Antoninus' wall, that remnant of Roman ufurpation. The town of Kirkintilloch is pleafantly fituated on each bank of the Luggie, near its junction with the Kelvin. It is neatly built, and carries on a confiderable trade in the manufacture of linen and cotton goods ; it is a very ancient burgh of barony, its charter of erection being granted about the year 70, by William the Lion King of Scots, in favour of William Cumyn Baron of Leinzie and Lord of Cumbernauld, and it ftill holds of the latter barony for the payment of 10 merks Scots of yearly feu-duty. The privileges are very extenfive ; and it poffefl'es a confiderable commonty. It

the Cat-jlane, is fituated in this parifh ; near which, according to Buchannan, a bloody battle was fought in the year 995, between the forces of Malcolm II. King of Scotland, and Conftantine the uiurper of that crown. In 179^; the population was 1504. a parifh in the ; ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, about 8 miles long, and 4 broad ; lying upon the E. fide of Wigton bay, and the The country has in generiver Cree. ral a mountainous appearance ; but the valleys are well adapted for culture, and by the induftry of the inhabitants, and the vicinity of inexhaufti-

KIRKMABRECK

is

governed by

2 bailies, annually e-

lectcd by freemen, independent of the lord of the barony, and contains nearly 1600 inhabitants. Around the town the foil is a light black loam, and the fame foil prevails on the banks of the
rivers
:

tracts of muiry and 'mofiy ground are interfperfed here and there, bcunds and it contains .fmall veins but a deep clay is moft general. Lime, of a coarfe limeftone. Lead ore has coal, and freeftone, are found in great alfo been found, but has never been jibur.dance and frnall veins of iron- wrought. In 1794, the number of in=
;
_;

ble treafures of fhell fand, have been rendered very fertile, either for pafThe number of turage or tillage. fheep, in 1793, was about 7800; of black cattle 1600 ; of goats 500 ; and of horfes 200. The Ferry-town of Crec t now generally termed Creetown, is. fituated in this parifh. There are feveral elegant feats ; of which Kirkdale-houfe, the feat of Sir Samuel Hannay of Mochrum, Bart, and Barkolm, the feat of Mr. M'Culloch, are the chief. The parifh is famous for a beautiful granite with which it 3-

KLR
habitants

KIR
increafe

was 1088, being an

;

of 230 fince 175$.

and rocky the hills are moftly green, and many of them are arable to the
: :

KIRKMAHOE
frics-ibire.
It is

a parifh in Dum- top the foil is a clayey loam, upon of fo irregular a fi- a till bottom, except a few patches of

gure, that it is impoffible to ftate its exact length or breadth. The furface, in the northern and eaftern borders, is hilly and rugged, producing coarfe fheep pafture ; the remainder is of a mofiy nature, capable of great improvement, but, when allowed to lie out of tillage, liable to be covered with furze and broom : many acres, which were formerly wafte and unprofitable, are now covered with plantations of thriving trees, which greatly add to the beauty of the country. There are 4 or 5 villages ; the largeft of which, Dunconv, contains nearly aoo inhabitants. The eftate of Dalfivinton takes in a great part of the parifh : the ancient caftle, which was long the chief feat of the dimming family, having fallen to decay, an elegant and commodious houie has been erected on its fite by Patrick Miller, Efq. the proprietor. Population in 1791, 1200. a parifh in the county of Wigton ; is the moft S. wefterly diftrict in the kingdom, occupying the extremity of the peninfula, which is termed the Ri?ins of Galloway. It extends from the point of the peninfula, or Mull of Galloway, 10 miles in length, to the part where it unites with the parifh of Stoneykirk ; and is about 2 or %\ miles in breadth. The general appearance is hilly; but a great part of the flat ground is arable, and produces excellent crops. The coaft, particularly near the Mull, is bold and rocky; but on each fide there are feveral very fafe anchoring-places, efpecially at MaryPort, Drunwre, Curgie, Port Kejfock, &c. The coaft produces great abundance of fea weed ; and famphire grows in considerable plenty amongft the rocky precipices. Freeftone and whinftone abound every where ; and the flate quarries are very valuable. There are feveral caves in the rocks, one of which contains a fpring po fie fling a petrifying quality. Population in 1790,

form of coniand fome dry fandy holms on the banks of the rivulets. Of 10,000 acres, which the parifh contains, not more than 1500 are under culture. The water of Girvan runs through it, and the Boon is its boundary for feveral miles both thefe rivers are well calculated for machinery, which, from the vicinity of coal and lime, might render the parifh an ex^
light gravelly foil, in the

cal hills,

cellent

fituation
is

Freeftone

for manufactures. abundant. Shell and rock

marl are wrought in feveral parts ; but the great quantity of limeftone with which the parifh abounds, renders

of little value. One of the contains lead, but the vein is not of fufficient value to be wrought. There are many natural woods of oak, afh, and other trees,, of immenfe value. Population in 1792, 9^6.
it

hills

KIRKMAiDEN;

a parifh in, BanfFfhire, lying in the weftern extremity of that county, and diftant

KIRKMICHAEL;

from the county town between 30 and 40 computed miles. Its fhape is
an irregular oval, 10 miles in length, and 3 in breadth ; at the middle tapering to the extremities. It is alio named according to the Gaelic idiom, Stratb-ath-fbin, i. e. " the valley" of the ford of Fingal ;" written Strat haven ; A<ven or Atb-fin being now the appellative of the river. The furface of the parifh is hilly ; and, in its weftern extremity, the mountain of Cairngorm raifes its lofty head 4050 feet above the level of the fea. The general appearance is bleak and dreary, interfered

by numerous torrents, which pour on every fide from the hills to join the Aven in the bottom of the valley.

The

foil varies

with the appearance

;

of the

country
in the

mofiy

being loamy and low grounds, and more

1380.

KIRKMTCHAEL;
fhire
;

a parifh in Ayrin length,

is

gravelly the nearer it approaches to the fummits of the mountains. It contains 29,500 acres, of which only 1550 are arable ; the reft being hilly, affording fheep pafture, or covered Tammtoul is the only with wood. village, and contains about 180 inha-

about 9 miles

in breadth.

The
S,

towards the

Limeftone, freeftone, and and 4 bitants. and marl, are found in every part of the and E. mountainous parifh ; and a vein of ironftone wasj
furface
hilly,

KIR
KIRKMiCHAEL;
a parifh in tumuli,

KIR
and druidical circles ; and one of the rocking Jloncs, which are fuppofed to have been fubfervient to druidical fuperftition ; (vide Kells.) The great military road from Gupar Angus to Fort George palTes along the Ardle, and through Glenfhee. Population in 1794, 2200. ; a parifh in the counties of Rofs and Cromarty ; to which were added, about the end of the 17th century, the two parifnes of Cullicudden and St. Martins. It lies along the S. coalt of the Frith of Cromarty, and extends about 8 miles in length, and 3 in breadth. There are a greater number of encampments in this, than in any other parilh in the N. faid to have been erected by the Danes, when they invaded Scotland : there are feveral old catties, and 3 modern feats of the proprietors, viz. Braclang-well, Ne-uiball, and Poynterjield, which are furrounded with extenfive policies and plantations. Freellone abounds ; and, in 1786, there were found fome ftrata of limeftone, interfperfed with veins of rich lead ore. Population in 1793,

wrovfght for fome time, but has been where he was flain, where he was blU given up fince 1739. In 1793? the ried, and other circumftances relative to the chafe. There are feveral cairns, number of inhabitants was 1276.
Dumfries-fhire, of an elliptical figure, nearly 10 miles long, and 4 broad in the middle. The general appearance K rather barren, being interfperfed with extenfive unimprovable heathy
tracts,
fes,

fuel

and fwampy grounds and mofwhich fupply the country with the upper or N. W, diftrict is
covered with heath, but

KIRKMICHAEL

hilly, chiefly

few valuable arable farms, on the banks of the rivers Ae and Belides Kinnet, and the Glenkill burn. plantations, nearly 200 acres are covered with copfes of natural wood. Notwithftanding the unfavourable appearance of the diftricb, the produce
pollefling*a

confiderably greater than confumpt of the inhabitants ; the number of which, in 1792, was 950. Here are the remains of feveral ancient fortifications; and a part of the, great Roman road can be diftinctly traced through the whole length of the parifh. There are feveral veins of ironftone, and many of the fprings contain that mineral in foin grain
is

fleceffary for the

lution.

KIRKMICHAEL;
N. E.

a parifh in the

cornier of Perthfhire, extending

1.234.

17 miles in length, and from 6 to 7 in breadth. It comprehends the greater part of Strathardle, and the whole of Glenfhee ; being watered by the rivers Ardle and Sbee, which run through

KIRKNEWTON

a parifh in the

county of Mid-Lothian, to which the parifh of East Calder was annexed in 1750. It is 6 miles long, and 4 broad ; bounded on the N. by the rithefe valleys. The furface is moun- ver Amond, and on the S. by the watainous ; and, from its elevated fitua- ter of Leith. The furiace towards tion, it is expofed to the feverity of a the S. is hilly ; but, towards the N. cold or ftormy feafon. The foil, on and E. it becomes level and fertile. the banks of the Ardle, is thin and confiderable number of fheep are fed dry, having a fandy bottom, and pro- in the hills, and the low grounds are ducing light crops ; on the higher moftly enclofed, and well cultivated. grounds, and in Glenfhee, the foil is Lord Meadowbank has beautified and wet and fpongy, and, except in dry greatly improved his eftate, in this pawarm feafons, unfriendly to vegeta- rifh, by belts and clumps of planting, tion. But, though there are feveral variegated with every kind of wood

arable farms, the greater part of the parifh is better adapted for pafturage than tillage. The number of fheep is about 9000 ; of black cattle 2000 ; and f horfes 800. There are feveral lakes which abound with trout. Near the Spital of Glenfhee, a mountain called Bbein-Ghulbbuin, is diitinguifhed as the fcene of the hunting which proved fatal to Diarmid, one of Ofiian's heroes.

fuited to

the

foil.

The

celebrated

Dr. William Cullen was proprietor

pariih,

Tradition points out the place

of the eftate of Ormijion-bill, in this and lies buried in the churchyard of Kirknewton. In 1793, the population was 812. ; a parifh in the diftricl of Carrick, in Ayrshire. It extends about 6 miles along the coaft, and contains nearly 1 1,000 Scots acres. The finfaec is hilly and uniheltcred j

KIRKOSWALD

KIR
the
foil

KIR
pafture ground for fheep and black cattle, and abounding with game j the lower part is enciofed, and almoft entirely arable, but the foil is thin and fandy. Dr. Lamont, the prefent clergyman of the parilh, being at the fame time proprietor of a considerable eftate in the neighbourhood, has laboured to improve his own fortune, and fet a laudable example to the other landholders in the district. He has divided his lands into fmall farms ; and, within thefe 10 or 12 years, a village of nearly 100 families has been raucd in the vicinity of the church. By his exertions, dilferent branches of manufacture have been introduced, and focieties

on the coaft
:

is

generally a rich

loam, with a mixture of clay ; fertile even to fea-mark higher up, the foil is alfo loam, but is wet and cold. There is plenty of marl and coal, but the latter has not been wrought for many years; the only pit unfortunately took fire in 1751, and in 1791 it was not extinguished. Upon a finall promontory are the ruins of the iamous caftle of Turnbtrry, once the feat of Robert Bruce, when Earl of Carrick, and now the property of the Earl of Gaflillis. About a miles E. from the church, is the abbey of Crojfreguill, founded in 1260 by King Duncan : part of the cloifters are ftiU entire, and the abbot's houfe is but little deftroyed. The caftle of Thomajion is an extenfive ruin, faid to have been built in 1335. The only modern building of note is Cullean-cajile, the feat of the Earl of Caffillis, built after a plan of the elder Adams, on a perpendicular rock overlooking the fea, and

formed for the profecution of

commanding a mod
fpect.

The

policies

extenfive procontain about

700 acres, interfperfed with thriving plantations, laid out with great tafte and elegance. Near to the caftle, and under fome of its buildings, are the
comes of Cullean, the largeft of which extends 200 feet under the rock, communicating with the a fmaller ones ; it is at leaft 50 feet in height at its entrance, and of the fame breadth, gradually decreafing in height as it penetrates the earth. In 1793, the number of inhabitants was 1335, of which about 100 refided in the village. a parifh in Wigtonfhire, fomewhat of a triangular figure ; 15 miles in length, and from 1 to 6 miles in breadth ; watered by the rivers Bladenocb and Tarf, which unite in the parilh. The furface is partly muirland, and partly arable ; but the foil is poor and thin, and better a dapted for pafture than for culture. It contains 10,000 fheep ; 1600 black cattle; and 200 horfes. In 1797, the population was nearly 700.

confiderable tair is annually held ; and, fome years ago, races were eftablifhed, which have given a wonderful degree of publicity to the place, and have been the means of collecting great numbers of Spectators. Thefe are attended by the nobility and gentry of Dumfnes-lhire and Galloway ; and the fports of the day are concluded by a ball in the evening, in an allembly

them.

room
fitted

lately built in the village, up in a ftyle of elegance

and and

accommodation, which excites the aftonifhment of ftrangers. In 1792, the population of the parilh was about iooo.

KIRKPATRICK (EAST). Kilpatrick (East).

Vide
;

KIRKPATR1CK-FLEEMING
breadth, containing in
acres.

parilh in Dumfries-fhire, about 6 miles in length, and on an average 3 in

KIRKOWEN;

The

furface,

all 9000 Scots which rifes gent-

ly from the S. to the N. prefentsa pleating variety, and ftriking contrail: in feveral parts the lands are in a high

of cultivation, enciofed and Sheltered with natural woods and plantations ; while here and there, large tracts of uncultivated ground, covered with its original heath, meet the eye. The foil of the arable land varies considerably, but is in general fertile, and
ftate

KIRK PAT R

C K-D U R HAM

produces tolerable crops of wheat, oats, barley, potatoes, &c. It is watered by the fmall rvier Kirtle ; and the rivers Biack and White Sark have their fource in it. Freeftone and limeftone are abundant ; and there are feveral appearances of coal, but

parilh and village in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright. The parilh is about 9 miles in length, and from 3 to 4 miles in breadth, lying along the eaftern bank of the river Urr. The northern or upper part of the parilh is covered with heath, and occupied as

has yet been wrought. veral mineral Springs,

none Here are fetwo of which

KIR
contain the fame mineralizers as the
'

KIR
are feveral ele-

Hartfd Spa-w.
gant

There

manfion-houfes,

which,

with

their furrounding policies, much in create the beauty of the country and feveral fortified towers, particularly Red-hall, the ancient feat of the Fleemings, well known for its gallant defence againft the Englifh army in the time of Robert Bruce. In 1794, the population was 1542, being an incx'eafe of 19 s fince 17 15. KIRKPATRICK-IRONGRAY ; a pariih in Kirkcudbrightfhire, about 9 miles in length, and 2 in breadth. The ealtern extremity, which is only 2 miles diftant from Dumfries, is level, and the foil dry and fertile ; the reft of the parifli is hilly, except a trad of low lands on the banks of the Cluden and Cairn rivulets, which water the parifli. There are feveral pits of marl, which the farmers have been in the pradice of ufing for upwards of 60 or 70 years, and, by inceffant cropping, have reduced the land to a fort of

filver coin have been found : there* are feveral ruinous fortified towers, fome of which are of great hze. Population in 1791, 617.

KIRKPATRICK (WEST],
Kilpatrick (West).

Vide

KIRKTOUN;

a pariih in the

county of Roxburgh, 8 miles long, and from 1 to %\ miles broad. The face of the country prefents a continued range of hills, feparated only by fmall rivulets, and gradually afcending from E. to W. The foil is poor and fhallow, chiefly adapted for fheep pafture.

a pariih in the coun; ty of Peebles, on the borders of Ealt and Mid-Lothian s ; about $\ miles in length, and from 3 to 4 in breadth.

KIRKURD

Population in 1793, 34a.

The

caput mortuum. They now know how to manage it, by taking fewer crops, and by laying out with dung and Like the reft of Gallografs feeds. way, particular attention is paid to the rearing of fheep, of which there are about 4000 in the pariih. On the river Cairn there is a bridge over a romantic waterfall, called the Routing bridge, from the noife made by the water immediately under it. In 179 1,

the population

was 61c.
;

KIRKPATRICK-JUXTA,
KILPATRICK-jUXTA

or a pariih in

Dumfries- fhire, of a ti-iangular figure, each fide being about 8 miles long KIRKWALL bounded on the N. and E. by the river Annan. The general appearance is rather bleak, interfperfed with mofs and muir, and almoft without enclolures. From the water fide, which is N. lat. It is built on a neck of lands flat and populous, the ground rifes to waihed on one fide by the road and the fummit of the hill of ^ueenjberry, bay of Kirkwall, and on the other by on the W. border, elevated 3000 feet a pleafant inlet of the lea, which flows above the level of the fea. The foil of by the back of the gardens at high the low ground is fhallow and dry, but water it is nearly a mile long, but is tolerably fertile the higher grounds of inconfiderable breadth, having only are covered with heath, and natural one (treet running the whole length,
;
i
!
j

furface is finely diverfified, and the arable land bears nearly an equal proportion in point of extent with the pafture land. It contains 6620 acres, of which 600 are enclofed. Towards the river Tartb, which bounds it on the N. the foil is loamy ; one large farm is a rich clayey loam, but the prevailing foil is gravel. Kirkurd, the feat of Mr. Carmichael of Skirting, is an elegant modern building with extenfive policies ; highly improved and ornamented by the late Earl of Hyndford. Mr. Lawfon has lately built a large and elegant houfe at New Cairnmuir, and furrounded it with plantations and enclofures. Near Kirkurd-houfe is a copioUs fulphure ous fpring, fimilar to Harrowgate* Here are feveral remains of antiquity, both religious and military. In 1793* the population was 288. a royal burgh, and ; chief town of the ftewartry of Orkney ; fituated in the pariih of Kirk* wall and St. Ola, in the ifland of Po* mona, in o 25' W. long, and 5 8 33'

'

are diftindr. veftiges of very inconvenient from its narrownefii leading from the great and the badnefs of the pavement 5 eamp at Bnmjkuark in Middlebie pa- and, towards the ftreet, the ends or rifh, to a fmall rectangular encamp- gables of the houfes are placed, which ment in this pariih, called Tatius-bolm; gives it an awkward appearance. It seai* which feveral pieces of gold and was arcientlv poffeffed by the Danes

wood.
a

There

Roman way,

'

Oq

KIR
and Norwegians, who named if Kirki-vog, which Buchannan and Torfeus both improperly thought lliould have been written Cracoviaca. It was erecled into a royal burgh by a charter from James III. by which the burgeffes are empowered to elect their own magiftrates, to hold borough courts, &c and the fame monarch granted them a revenue ariling from the dues of the harbour, and of fome lands around the town. Its magistrates are a provoft, 4 bailies, treafurer, dean of guild, and council, which are annually eThe cathedral of St. Magnus, lected. fo named from Magnus King of Norway, the fuppofed founder of the town, is a large Gothic pile, faid to have been founded by Rognwald Count of Orkney, in the year 1138 ; it is ftill very entire, and a part of it is occupied as the parifh church. The length of this Stately fabric on the outride is 226 feet; its breadth 56; the height of the roof 71, and from

KIR
Dornock, Dingwall, and Tain,
fending a member to parliament, and gives fecond title of Baronets to the Countefs of Orkney.

'

the level of the floor to the top of the The roof is fupfteeple is 133 feet. ported by 14 pillars and arches, on each fide, befides 4 which fupport the fteeple ; and the gates are decorated with a kind of Mofaic work, of red and white ftones, elegantly carved Oppofite to the caand flowered. thedral, on the W. fide of the ftreet, ftood the ruins of the King's cajfle, which appears to have been a ftrong and Stately fortrefs : there are alfo the ruins of an extenfive and elegant building, erected in 1607 by Patrick Earl of Orkney, called the Earl's palace ; and almoft adjoining to it is the BiJhop's palace, a rain of very great antiquity. But, while we mention fo many relics of ancient and fallen grandeur, we ought to notice, that none of the private houfes of the town are ruinous, nor does it appear of lefs extent than it formerly had been ; on the contrary, of late years, new manufactures of linen and cotton have been introduced, which have increafed the town both in population and ex-

and St. OLA; an united parifh in Orkney, comprehending the town of Kirkwall and the district for about 6 miles around. The foil is various, part being cold clay and mofs, and part land; in the neighbourhood of the town, long cultivation, and the ufe of manure, has rendered it a fine loam. The produce is great, confidering the flovenly and inactive mode of hufbandry which is followed. The fea coaft is indented with feveral bays, and affords a considerable quantity of fea weed for making kelp. In 1793, the united parifh contained 2550 inhabitants, being an increafe of 561 fince 1755. KIRRIEMUIR, commonly pronounced Killamuir ; a confiderable town and parifh in Angus-Shire. The town is Situated near the foot of the braes of Angus, on the S. W. fide of a hill, near a romantic den, through which flows the fmall river Gairie. It confifts of feveral flreets, going off from each other, in a manner fomewhat refembling the arms and fhaft of an anchor. Few towns in the county have a better fupplied weekly market; and in no town of its fize is more trade carried on. In 1792, the amount of the ofnaburgs and coarfe linens manufactured in the town and neighbourhood, was about 30,000!. fterling. It lies 16 miles from Dundee, 20 from Arbroath, and 6 from Forfar. It is a burgh of barony, governed by a baron bailie, appointed by Lord Douglas, the fuperior, and is of confiderable antiquity ; but the date of it*
is unknown. In contained 1584 inhabitants. The parifh extends 7 or 8 miles in length, and upwards of 6 in breadth* and is watered by the E/i, the Carity, the Gairie, and the Pro/en ; the laft of which give the name of Gknprofen to a confiderable district of the parifh.

KIRKWALL

.,

charter of erection

1793,

it

The harbour is excellent, with tent. an outer road affording fafe anchorage ; and the whole is commanded by

The

furface

is

beautifully diverfified

a fortification, built by the Englifh in the time of Oliver Cromwell, fur- elevation, and are either cultivated, rounded with a ditch and rampart, planted, or afford tolerable pafture. and mounted with fome cannon. Kirk- Glenprofen is hilly and mountainous. Wall joins with the boroughs of Wick, The foil is in general good but, froHV
;

with hills and dales, rivers, woods, and plains the hills, however, thofe of Gknprofen excepted, are of no great
:

KN

A
J
!

KN A
!
.

the elevated Situation, and moift at- S. is the boundary with Kintyre. It moiphere, the harvefts are generally is interfered by the lochs of CaolifJate, and the grain of inferior quality. port, and Cajlh-fwen ; and the interThere is a confiderable extent of na- val between thefe branches of the fea turalwood and plantations, efpecially is finely diverfified with woods, rock?, on the eftates of Mr. Lyall of Kin- fcelds, and lakes; which, viewed from nqrdy, and Mr. Ogilvie of Clova ; the the road leading through the diftrict, former of whom poffeiTes an elegant exhibits an affemblage of contrarieties feat in the parilh. At Invercarity, fo widely romantic, that fancy can where the river Carlty falls into the fcarcely picture a landscape more deKJk, is a large Gothic caftie of cut lightful. The greater part of the disftone, in good repair, which muft have trict, like the reft of Argyllfhire, is been erected before the 15 th century. rugged and mountainous, with fertile It confifts of 4 ftoreys : the walls are fields interfperfed. clufter of final! 9 feet thick, project conliderably near ifiands on the W. coaft belongs to it the top, and terminate in a parapet a- on one of which is the ruin of a chabout 12 inches thick: between the pel, dedicated to St. Mac-o-Channaig, parapet and roof there is a fpace Suf- founder of the Chriftian church in ficient for 2 or 3 men to walk abreaft, Knapdale, faid to be built on the and immediately above the gate 3 fpot where he was born, and where This diftrict conSquare apertures through the projec- he was interred. tion of the wall; fo placed, that a ftone tains numerous fmall chapels, which dropped through them, muft fall upon appear from their antiquity to have any one a't the gate. To the E. are been founded very foon after the infome veftiges of a wing, demoliflied, troduction of Chriftianity into the kingdom. Lord Stonefield, Mr. Macit is faid, in 144c by the Earl of Craufurd, in Some family feud, "between niel of Inveraray, Macfarlane of the Lindfays and Ogilvies, one of Muckrcy, Campbell of Kintarbet, and whom was then the proprietor of In- Campbell of Iriverniel, are the proIn 1801, the population of prietors of the whole diftrict. vercarity. the parifh was 4500, being an increafe ; a paof 343 lince 1793. rim in the diftridt of the fame name, Kirtle; a river in Drumfries-lhire, feparated in the year 1734 from the which has its fource in the parifh of parifh of South Knapdale, which Middlebie, and, running by Kirkpa- was previoufiy known by the name trick-Fleeming, falls into the Solway of the pari in of Killvick-o-Channaig. "Frith a few miles below Gretna Green. North Knapdale extends 12 miles in Its banks are in many places covered length, and 3 in breadth, over a tolerwith natural woods and plantations, ably fertile tract of land, on the coaft and exhibit much beautiful and ro- of the Atlantic: towards the N. and mantic fcenery. E. the furface becomes rugged, and Kloachnabanf. ; a hill in the pa- elevated into lofty mountains, ofwhich rifh of Strachan in Kincardinefhire, e- Cruach-Lujja is the higheft. The numlevated 2370 feet above the fea level. ber of horfes in 1781, was 200; of On the fummit is a large rock, accef- black cattle 1200 ; and of fheep 1400. fible only at one fide, called the Stone In the fame year, the number of inhaof Kloachnabane, which is an excellent bitants was 1009. land-mark for fhips at fea. (SOUTH) ; a parifh a divifion of Argyll- adjoining to North Knapdale exfhire, lying between the ijlhml of Cri- tends 20 miles in length, and 16 in nan and Tarbert, fo denominated from breadth, along the W. coaft of Loch the inequality of its furface ; Cnapdale Fyne, The foil is chiefly of a mo flyor Knapdale, in Gaelic, fignifyiiig hill nature, lying upon a ftratum of fand ; and dale. It extends about 20 miles but in the low grounds, it is loamy. in length, and 16 in breadth ; bound- Very little of the parifh is arable, and ed on the W. by the Atlantic ocean ; that which is ploughed or dug with on the N. by Loch Gilp, Loch Crinan, the fpade, produces fo light crops, and the Crinan canal , on the W. Loch .that it is found more advantageous to Fyne feparates it from Cowal ; and throw it cut in fheep walks, or pafture %h-$ narrow iichmus of Tarbert, on the lands for cattle. The only crops which
j

KNAPDALE (NORTH)

KNAPDALE

KNAPDALE;

O02

KNO

KYP

feem to thrive are potatoes, which are been made, except on the farms of carefully cultivated, and with the fifh feveral of the proprietors. Here are caught in the different lochs, confti- 5 or 6 gentlemens feats ; but only 3 tute the principal food of the inhabit- of the proprietors are refident. AllanSome parts of the parifh a- grange, the feat of Mr. Mackenzie, ants. bound with natural woods, or cop- deferves to be mentioned, for the ex-? tenfive plantations which furround it. pices of oak, afh, birch, and hazel but much wood has been cut down In 1793, the population was 1805, of late years. There is a lead mine being an increafe of 1137 fince 1755, on the eftate of Sir James Campbell chiefly owing to the encouragement pf In-verneil, which was wrought fome given to cottagers to fettle on the efyears ago ; and in that neighbourhood tate of Mr. Mackenzie of Kilcoy, whofe are feveral fprings, containing metal- feat is in the neighbouring parifn of lic impregnation. Population in 1796, Killearnan.
1524.
a rivulet in Perthfhire, in the parifh of Muthil, which joins its waters to the Erne. Knock ; a hill in Banffshire, elevated 2500 feet above the level of the fea ; which, on account of its great
;

Knockdolian and Knockdow;

two
hills in Ayrfhire, in the parifh of Colmonell; the firft elevated 1950 feet, and the other 1554 feet above

Kniack

height, affords an excellent land-mark The in navigating the Moray Frith. parifhes of Grange, Fordyce, and Ordiquhill, meet in a point at its top ; and, as it rifes in a conical fhape from the plain, it exhibits one of the moft beautiful, grand, and variegated pro-

fpeds N. of the Tweed.

KNOCKANDOW;

a parifh in

the county of Moray. It extends about 10 miles in length, and 2 in breadth ; bounded on the S. and S. by the river Spey. The appearance of the country is hilly, the foil being either deep mofs, or fandy grathe hills are covered with heath, vel and the banks of the river with plantations and copfes of oak, birch, and alder. The number of horfes was eitithe black mated, in 1791, at 300 and the cattle 3000 ; the fheep 5000 population 1500 ; being an increafe of

the level of the fea. Knockdolian rifes in a conical fhape, and is not only a beautiful object to the traveller by land, but is of efi~ential fervice as a confpicuous land-maik to mariners, when they enter the Frith of Clyde. Knock-fallaric ; a hill in the parifh of Fodderty, Rofs-fhire; noted for the remains of a fortification, the ftones of which are cemented together by vitrification or fufion, fimilar to that on Craig-Phairic Tradition afcribes the erection of it to Fingal, and mentions it as his frequent place

of refidence.

W.

Knockirny; a hill in Rofs-fhire, frtuated partly in the parifh of Afiint, and partly in that of Kincardine ; is
an entire rock of marble, of various
colours.

KNOCKSHINAN;
KYLE

a village in

.'.'.'', a parifh in Rofsfhire, formed by the annexation in 3756 of the parifhes of Kilmuir
z 33 fince 1755-

KNOCKBAIN

Perthfhire, in the parifn of Kinclaven. a diftrict of Ayrfhire, be; ing the middle bailiewick of that county. It is feparated from Carrick by the river -Ayr, and from Cunningham by the river Irvine; at the mouths

of which rivers are the burghs of the

and Suddy. It is from 6 to 7 miles in length, and from 5 to 6 in breadth, divided by a branch of the Moray Frith, called the bay of Mimhchy. The furface is level, rifing gradually from the coaft towards the N. and the foil is in general tolerably fertile; .but, though this is a corn

Wester

fame name. The furface is various towards the coaft being fandy and level, rifing in

the interior to coniider-

able

hills.
;

a fmall fcream in Lanarkwhich rifes on the borders of Lefmakagoe parifh and, dividing it from Avendale, falls into the A-ven a few miles above its junction with the
shire,
;

Kypf

country, agriculture
fancy,

is

yet in

its

in-

Clyde.

and few improvements have

LAG
i
li
I

LAM
>
'

H IIIi

LADY-ISLE
S. of Irvine,

a fmall iflet in the ; by Frith of Clyde, 5 miles S.

W.

Two
Frith.

and 5 N. N. pillars are erected

W.

of Ayr.

guide the manners in

upon it, to failing up the

a parifh in Berwickfhire, on the banks of the Tweed, anciently called Upfettingtoune, but changed to its prefent name by James

LADY-KIRK;

length : there are feveral other lakes, of which Loch Laggan is the chief. In 1790, the population was 1512. Laggan (Loch ) ; a lake in a parifh of Invernefs-fhire, of the fame name. It is ij miles in length, and i-| in breadth ; it is exceedingly deep, with a bold rocky fhore, and fur-

rounded with woody mountains.

On

IV. after he had built a handfome church in it, which he dedicated to the Virgin Mary. This church is famous as the place where the fupplemental treaty to that of Chateau Cambrefis was concluded, between the Englifh and Scots commiffioners. The parifh is z\ miles long, and 1 broad,

and contains 3500

is fiat,

acres.

The

furface

interfperfed with a few riling grounds ; and the foil, which is all arable, is in general fertile. There are about 2000 fheep in the pariih, and

300 black

cattle.

The falmon

fiihings

on the Tweed are rented at about In 1801, the popu100I. per annum. lation was 5 16; decreafe 84 fmce 1792.

LADY-KIRK
.of

a parifh in the

ifle

Orkney, comprehending 8 fquare miles, and containing in 1792, 803 inhabitants, being an increafe of n fmce 1755.

Sanday,

in

LAGGAN,

or

LUGGAN;

the S. fide is the Colli More, or Great wood, the moft confiderable remain of the ancient Caledonian foreft. At the E. end of the lake, it receives the waters of the fmall river Pattack, riling from a lake of the fame name ; and, at the W. end, it difcharges itfelf into the Spian, which runs W. to join Loch Lochy near Foil William. Loch Lag' gan abounds with char, and various kinds of trout. LAIRG, or LARIG ; a parifh in Sutherlandfhire, 24 miles long, and 8 broad, including Loch Shin, which runs through it for 20 miles. The country is hilly and barren, not more than a twentieth part being under culture ; but, as there is plenty of limeftone, it is probable that a confiderable extent might be brought in. There is a good deal of wood, particularly birch, belonging to Mr. Monro of Pohit-zfielJ. In 1793, the population
1.7 J-5-

a pa-

was 1350

increafe 340 fmce

rifh in Invernefs-fhire, in the diftrict of Badenoch, about 20 miles in length

the breadth of the inhabited part is about 3 miles, but, taking its boundaries on the N. and S. the breadth is not lefs than 18 or 20. It occupies the fouthern extremity of the county, and the furface, like the reft of the Highlands, is mountainous, and interfered by long narrow glens and valleys fome having a rich deep foil, which, were it not for the difad vantages of inundations, frofts, &c. would produce the moil luxuriant crops. The numberof iheepare about 20,000, and of black cattle about 1600. The river Spey takes its rife from a lake of the fame name, in the weftern extremity of the parifh, and, running in a M. E. direction, interfecls i% the whole
;

a fmall ifland of ; the Orkneys, fituated in Holme found, oppofite to the parifh of Holme. It is of a circular figure, 3 miles in circumference, and contains 3 families, or 16 perfons.

LAMBFIOLM

Lamer-Moor, oi-Lamker-Moor;
a ridge of muiriih hills, in the S. of Scotland, which begins at Dunglafs, in E. Lothian, and at Coldingham in

and runs W. with a ; broad furface, for 30 or 40 miles, and

Berwickfhire
at

length

They

terminates at Souira-hill. are interfered by various glens

or valleys, in which run ftreams of water collected from the eminences on each fide. It forms one of the three diftricts of Berwickfhire ; and the greater part is appropriated to

LAN
fneep-farming, and the culture of turnip, &c. for the fupport of the iheep during the feverity of winter. On thefe hills are to be traced frequent veftiges of Roman and Scottiih encampments ; one of the latter, called Priejls Lazu, is upwards of aooo feet in circumference. a parifh in Lan; arkshire, extending 9 miles in length, along the E. bank of the Clyde, and from 3 to 4 miles in breadth. It is formed by the annexation of the two baronies, or parilhes of Laming ton and Wandel ; the firft being the property of Lady.Rofs Bailie, and the other belonging to Lord Douglas. It contains 9000 acres, of which 1900 are arable ; the remaining 7100 are hilly, and afford pafture to 7000 Iheep, 290 cows, and about roo horfes. The arable foil varies from a deep clay to a thin gravel, and is upon the whole tolerably produclive, if a regular and improved iyftem of hufbandry was adopted. The fmall town of Lamington is fituated on the banks of the Clyde, nearly oppofite to the hill of Tinto, in the pariih of Covington, and contains about 100 inhabitants. There are feveral Roman encampments, and many ftrong towers. An ancient chair, faid to have originally belonged to the patriot Wallace, is in the poffeffion of Lady Rofs Bailie, the reprefentative of the family of Lamington, to which that hero was allied. In 179a, the population was 417 ; decreafe 182 fince 1755. LANARKSHIRE, or LANERK-

LAN
the courts. It was formerly one of the kingdoms into which Scotland was divided prior to, or about the time of the Roman invafion. This kingdom, which alfo included a great part of the (hires of Stirling, Dumbarton, and

LAMINGTON

Renfrew, was denominated Strathclyde ; and Alcuid, or Dumbarton, is mentioned as the capital after the
:

diffblution of the petty principalities,

and their union under the Scottiih monarchy, the greater part of this diftricl fell into the two powerful families of Douglas and Hamilton, which
(till

poffefs very great eftates.

is

In ge-

mountainous and heathy, efpecially towards the S. where, to life the words of Mr. Pennant, " nothing can equal the gloomy appearance of the country around neither tree, nor fhrub, nor verdure, nor pkfturefque rocks, appear to amufe the eye the fpeclator muft plunge into the bowels of the earth for entertainment," and examine the mines of Lead-hills or Wanloch-head, for
neral, the furface
:

Towards the the riches of nature. Clyde, however, the furface is agreeably diverfified, exhibiting pleafant and pi&urefque landfcapes, enlivened by the waters, and varied by different
About profpects of hill and dale. Lanark the fcenery is peculiarly interefting, from the falls of the Clyde Lanarkshire contains (vide Clyde.) 2 royal burghs, viz. Glasgow and and many confiderable ; towns and villages; as Hamilton, Douglas, Biggar, Camwatb, &c. which are chiefly employed in the manufacture of cotton, which has long been the ftaple of this country : there are, beconfiderable villages, fides, feveral which owe their exiftence or profperity to the valuable metals with which this county abounds of thefe we may mention Lead-hills, in the pariih of Crawford, and lVilfon-to<wn, in the paThe mineral fubriih of Carnwath. ftances which are found in this county, are fo numerous, that it would require a treatife to afford room for a particular defcription ; but, as a lift of the native and extraneous foffils is given by the rev. Mr. David Ure, in his " hiftory of the parifhes of Rutherglen and Kilbride," we have thought proper to infert it, adding fuch minerals as are found in other diftricts of the county.

Lanark

SHIRE

called fometimes

Clydes-

dale, from the river Clyde ; is about 50 miles in length from N. to S. and 36 in breadth from E. to W. It is bounded on the N. W. and N. byRenfrew and Dumbarton (hires ; on the N. E. and E. by the counties of Stirling and Linlithgow on the S. E. by Peebles on the S. by Dumfriesfhire, and on the W. by Ayrfhire. In
; ;

the fouthern border the Clyde has its fource, and runs N. and W. the whole extent, dividing it into two nearly equal parts. It was anciently divided into three wards or jurifdictions, viz. Clyde/dale, Douglafdale, and A'vendale; but it is now divided into two ; the Jhire of Lanark, of which Lanark is the chief town, and the barony of Glafgow, of which that city is the feat of

LAN
Earths and Stones.
jtfgillaeeous.

LAN
Argillaceous grit Grit containing lhells, Sec. Breccia quartzoja, fileceous plum-

Potters clay

puddingftone
Metallic fuhftances.

Caumftones
Bluifh pipe clay Blackifh gray till, with vegetable impreffions Fire clay Till, full of entrochi, fhells, occ. Hard black flaty till fpecies of till, called by miners,

Gold

in

the fands of the

Elvan

and Glengonar waters

Silver in the lead mines,

and other

places

Copper, native and ore Lead, native and ore

Iron ores, viz.

Maggy
Inflammable fchiftus
Argillaceous breccia

Ofmund ftone The fame, with

or zeolite

Haematites Ironftone

calcareous fpar

Pure white Jleatites

Calcareous.

Limeftone, replete with marine productions Limeftone flag Stammerers, limeftone in detached maffes Limeftone, of various degrees of purity Marble, of different colours

Calcareous ironftone Ditto, containing marine exuviae Ironftone balls, called geodes, or feptaria iEtites, or eagle ftone Kidney ironftone Blood-red argillaceous iron ore, keel
Galaena Pyrites

Mercury,

in fmall quantities

Semi -tranfparent
fpar

rhombdoidal
ditto

h.jlammable Subjlances. Foffil coal (lithanthrax)

Opake reddifh-coloured
Pyramidal fpar
Prifmatic fpar

Cannel coal Petroleum Peat (geanthrax Sulphur

Spar with hexahedral cryftals Fibrous calcareous fpar

Calcareous incruftations
Stalactites

Extraneous. Fossils.
Vegetable impreffions of native

Stalagmites Barytes, or heavy fpar Cawk, or amorphous fulphat of barytes Cryftals of barytes, in great variety

and exotic plants

Petrified

wood, mofles, &c.

Petrified Marine Productions.

Shells.

Magnefia
Sileceous

and

Volcanic.

Univalves-

Vitreous lava

Lavas in great variety Whinltone, compofed of quartz, feldt fpar, and fcheorl Whinftone, containing micaceous
fragments
Bafaltes,
in different cryftallizations

Bivalves Entrochi
Echini, et aculei echinorum Coralloides, various
Fifties teeth,

bones, &c.

forms of

Petrofilex

Rock

cryftal

Jafper, of various colours Freeftone, grit, cos arenaria

divided into 41 parowhich, in 1790-8, contained 125,624 inhabitants; increafe 43,528 fince 1755. The valued rent of the county is 162,1181. 16s. iod.
is

Lanark/hire

chial diftricts,

Scots,

Freeftone, containing iron ore

mated

at

and the real land rent is eftiabout 127,000!. fterling.

LAN
aparifh in Lanarkfinre, is between 4 and 5 miles in length, ftretching along the eaftern bank of the Clyde, and 3 in breadth, containing about 6000 acres, of which 600 are covered with coppices and plantations, 1800 of muir, and 3600 of arable ground. The greater part is flat, and capable of culture ; but, along the Clyde, for more than 3 miles, the banks are high, precipitous, and rocky; fringed, however, with natural wood, and forming, with the falls of the river, the moft pichirefque fcenery The arable foil is (vide Clyde.) various ; partly light, and partly clay loam, 011 different bottoms. The population, in 179a, was 4751 ; increafe 2456 fince 1 755 or rather fince 1785, the era when the cotton works were
,

LAN
afforded better fituationsy or moreample ftreams of water for cotton machinery." Lanark unites with Linlithgow, Selkirk, and Peebles, in fending a reprefentative to parliament. la 179a, its population was 2200. J ; adjoining to the burgh of Lanark, was built ;n 1785, to accommodate the work people at the cotton mills, erected there by the well known and enterprifing David Dale, fq. of Glafgow. Before

LANARK;

LANARK (NEW

this
it

ground was feued by Mr. Dale, was almoft a inorafs, iituated in a

den, and of difficult accefs. Its only recommendation was the very powerful command of water that the Clyde

could be made to afford

refpects, the diftance

it

in

other
its

from Glafgow,

and the badnefsof the roads, made

fituation rather unfavourable. firft mill was begun in 1785,

eitabliihed.

a royal borough, and county town of Lanarkiliire, is 24 miles S. E. of Glafgow, and 30 W. of Edinburgh ; feated on the flope of riling ground near to the river Clyde' , about 656 feet above the level of the iea. It ia a very ancient burgh, having received its charter from Alexander I. which, together with fubfequent ones
;
1

LANARK

The
and a

paffage was formed hill, nearly 100 yard* in length, for the purpofe of an aqueduct. In 1788, afecondone was built, and was nearly roofed in, when the

fubterraneous

through a rocky

firft

one was totally confumed by an

and James V. was fiby Charles I. on the 20th February 1634. It is governed by a

from Robert

I.

nally ratified

provoft, 2 bailies, a dean of guild, 13 merchant counfellors, and 7 deacons of trades. There are 5 neat, and even
elegantftreets, befid.es lanes and clofes; and, fince the introduction of the cot-

accidental fire, but was again rebuilt the enfuing year ; and the proprietor has fince erected other two, the machinery of which is driven by the water brought in the fame aqueduct. The 4 houfes are of the following di-

menlions
feet long, feet wide, feet high*

The

ift,

2d,
3d>

fecond one is, as yet, only comfiderable note ; for we find, that in pletely filled, containing 0080 fpindles. 978, Kenneth II. held in it an aflembly The others contain from 4000 to or parliament, the firft mentioned in 4500. In 1793, the total number of Scottifh hiftory. In 1244, it was burnt perfons employed, was 1334. Great to the ground ; but Fordun, who re- attention is paid to the morals of the lates the circumftance, does not men- children, and others at the mills, the tion the particulars. It was the fcene proprietor having been at the grcateft of Sir William Wallace's firft great care in procuring proper teachers and military exploit ; having in this town inftructors. defeated, and put to death William Vide Long. de Hejilrig or He/dope, the Englifh Ihe- {'ORGAN. rilh of Lanarkfhire, who had murdered a parifh in Dum; his wife. Lanark poflefies many eli- fries-ihire, Iituated in the middle of the gible fituationsfor creeling machinery; diftrict of Elkdale. It is nearly 6\ fo much fo, that Sir Richard Ark- miles fquare, and contains, exciulivewright, when here in 1724, exultingly of Halfmorton, about 14,320 acres, of faid, *! that in time Lanark w^uld pro- which 1000 are under cultivation. bably become the Manchefter of Scot- The furface, along the banks of the land, as no place he had ever fcen EJit which interfects it from N to S,-

ton manufacture, many new houfes have been built. It appears to have been, in former times, a place of con-

4th,

154 154 130 156

27 27

30

The

60 60 6 7o

LANGFORGAN.

LANGHOLM

LAN
is flat,

LAN

well fheltered by plantations, rifh, has built a handfome manfion, and having a light loamy foil, cultivat- called Langholm Lodge, in the middle ed with care, and yielding the molt of a delightful valley, furroundedwith luxuriant crops of oats, barley, turnip, hills, fkirted with wood, while the EJk t &i c. and fume wheat on the E. fide of and the beautiful plain around ti, conthe river, where part of the foil is a tribute to render it a delightful reficlayey loam. Much the gieater part dence. Broomholm, the feat of Mr. coniifts of fmall hills, covered with Maxwell, is alfo a beautiful Situation, verdure to the fummits, and parcelled Many years ago, a lead mine was disout into fheep farms. Befides the di- covered on the farm of Wejl^ivatery stricts already noticed, there is ano- and another on the eftate of Broomther diftrict called Halfmorton, which, holm, but neither of them have been, though belonging to this parifh, iscom- wrought. On the laft eftate are fome pletely feparated from it by the inter- appearances of copper, and fome veins vention of the parishes oTMiddlebte and of coal. In the weftern part are SeCanobie. This diftrict is about 4 miles veral medicinal fprings ; one fulphufquare, and is watered by the Logan reous, and two chalybeate. In 1793, and the Sark, both of which are over- the population was 258a; increafe hung with beautiful coppices of natu- 749 Since 1755. ral wood. The foil of this diftrict is LANGTON; a parifh in Berwickvery rich, being a mixture of mofs and shire, in the diftrict of Merfe, of a clay, which, when well cultivated and triangular Shape, containing about manured with lime, produces heavy 7900 acres. The Surface riles from crops. Halfmorton, befides, poffefles the E. and S. towards the N. where large plantations of various kinds of the higheft ground is named Langton foreft trees, which, while they fhelter Edge, from whence the profpect over the country, and meliorate the cli- the low land of Berwickshire and Normate, are equally ornamental. The thumberland is very extenfive. In the number of fheep in both diftrict s, was lower part of the parifh, the Soil is gecalculated in 1793, at 8266 of black nerally a light loam, well adapted for cattle about 1161 ; of horfes 300, and turnip hufbandry, oats, and barley; of fwine 143. The parifh abounds but there are feveral fields of a rich with game of all kinds, and the woods deep loam, producing great crops of of Lajighohn, which occupy about wheat the whole is enclofed, and 500 acres on the banks of the Elk, well cultivated. The higher ground are inhabited by innumerable tuneful is divided into 5 Sheep farms, which warblers, which form a fine chorus to are ftocked with upwards of 3500
; ;

paffes

regale the ear of the traveller, as he through the delightful groves, which every where exhibit the moft beautiful and picturefque fcenery. The town of Langholm is a burgh of ba-

The ancient village of Langton was a long Straggling town, as its name implies it fuffered, like the
fheep.
;

reft

of the border towns, from the incurfions of the Englifh, having been

rony, holding of the Duke of Buccleugh, with a weekly market, and 4 fairs ; one of which, held on 26th July, is fuppofed to be the greateft in Scotland for lambs. In 1793, it contained about 1500 inhabitants. About half a mile from it is the village of

burnt in 1558 by Sir Henry Percy and Sir George Bowes, and at other times

by the marauding parties from Berwick and Northumberland. Mr. Gavin, the late proprietor, fmdin=. a
dirty
So near his houSe, an obimprovements, olicred the inhabitants to Seu, on eafy terms, a piece of ground, in a pleafant firuation, about half a mile diftant. This offer was accepted, and the old town of Langton in a Short time disappeared, and the new and thriving village of Gavinto-wn aroSe in its room. 1 here are the remains of feveral military ftations and encampments ; and, at
stacle to

town

New Langholm, pleafantly fituated

between the confluence of the H'auchope and the E/k, and having about 100 houfes built upon a regular plan, on feus granted by the Duke of Buccleugh. In 1793, it contained about 600 inhabitants. In it a cotton manufactory has been eftablifhed, which employs about 90 or 100 perfons. The

Duke

of Buccleugh, who is the proprietor of the greater part of the pa-

different times, bones, aihes, pieces of

armour, &c. have been dug up.

In

L All

AR

^793, the parifh contained 435 inha- at the bafe, about an acre of ground f bitants, of which 159 lived in the vil- and they are elevated in a conica? lage of Ga-vintonvn ; increafe 145 iince form to the height of 60 feet. In this dillrict alfo is the famous Torzvod, *755Langwall; a river in Caithnefs, where Wallace retired after his defeat which, joined by the Berridale, falls in the north ; and the root of the holinto the fea near the Ord, or fouthern low tree is pointed out, where he feextremity of the county. rreted himfclf, which is ftill named Laoghal (Loch); alakemSiither- Wallace's tree. In 1790, the populalandfhire, about 4 miles long, and 1 tion of the tented pariihes was upbroad. From it the river Torrifdale ward of 4000 ; increafe 2136 fince takes its rife, and discharges itfelf" into 1 7S5i owing to the introduction of the fea, at a fmall village to which it the various branches of manufacture. gives its name. On the fides of the a parifh in Fifefhire, a; lake, rife the lofty mountains of Ben- bout 5 miles in length, and of unequal iaogioai and Ben-hope, which form a breadth ; containing 5469 acres. It part of Lord Reay's extenfive deer fo- is bounded on the S. by the German reft, which is fuppofed to contain up- ocean, which is here termed Largo wards of 2000 deer. bay. Near the coaft the appearance in Stirling- is delightful, exhibiting a pleafani ; a parifh fhire, united to Dunspacf; extend- landfcape of gentlemens feats, furing about 8 miles from E. to W. and rounded with thriving plantations, 2. miles from N. to S. The furface is populous villages, fertile fields, dales, level, and the foil is partly of a light coppices, and clear rivulets. The foil dry nature, and partly clay, both of towards the fea, is light and fandy; in which are exceedingly fertile. The the other parts it is a black loam, inmanufactories in thefe united parifhes clining to clay, and lying on a tilly are very confiderable : in Dunipace, bottom the whole is enclofed, and there are a printfield and cotton Spin- well cultivated : almoft every fanner ning manufactory, on an extenfive raife's a quantity of wheat, befides the fcale ; and in the diftriel of Larbert are other forts of grain. The town of the Carron works, the greateft iron Largo is fituated at the influx of the f junderyintheworid; (videCARRON.) fmall burn of Keir, where its seftuary On a dry muir, in this parifh, is held forms the harbour; with a hone quay, the famous Falkirk iryjl ; where, in where veffels of 200 tons may take the month of October, between 20,000 in and difcharge their cargoes ; and, and 30,000 cattle are annually col- at no great expence, it might be lected. Befides the village of Larbert, made to admit veffels of greater burwhich contains about 1000 perfons, den. In the village and furrounding chiefly employed at the Carron works, country, the principal manufacture is there are two" other villages, at Carron linen and checks. In 1659, an hofpital fiore, and at the colliery of Kinnaird. Was founded in the village, by a Mr. There are manyelegant feats, of which John Wood, for 12 old men of the thofe of Sir Michael Bruce, General name of Wood, who are accommoDundas, Mr. Strachan of Woodjide, dated with lodging, and an annuity of Befides the town of and Mr. Spottifwode of Dunipace, are iool. Scots. the chief. Near the Carron works Largo, there is a fmall village on the once ftood the famous Arthur's Oven, coaft, called Drumochy, in which the called by Btichannan, 'J emplum Ter- inhabitants are chiefly fifhermen. On mini ; a model of which has been e- the W. banks of the Keil, are the ruins recled at Pennycuik, in the county of of the ancient caftle of Balernvie, a Mid-Lothian. There are two artifi- place of very confiderable ftrength, cial mounts near the church of Duni- and formerly a refidence of the family pace, from which the parifh is fup- of Crawford. One tower only remains pofed to have derived its name : thefe of the old houfe of Largo, which forms were the Dunes pads, " the hills of a fine contraft to the elegant modern peace," and are faid to have been building, erected as the manfion-houfe railed as a memorial of aj>eace con- of that ancient barony. About a mile cluded there between the Romans and to the W. is the ancient tower of the Caledonians : each of them covers Lundin, which is now a part of a mo-

LARGO

LARBERT

'

AR
coaft.

LAR
a femicircle of about 10 miles of fea

tJeni houfe, built in the

Gothic ftyle. Limeftone is wrought in feveral places, and there is great plenty of marl: coal might be wrought to advantage in almoft every part. This parifh has given
birth to feveral diftinguifhed perfons: ift, Sir Andrew Wood, who fiourifhed
in the reigns of

The whole bay has good anchoring ground, and forms a fafe ioad.ftead for ihips of all defcriptions, being fheltered from all winds except the
S.

and

S.

W.
a
hill

Largo Law;

in

the parifh

James III. and IV. of of Largo, which rifes in a conical fiScotland, and was thought the greateft gure about 800 feet above the fea lefea officer of the age he received the vel, and is feen at a great diftance, barony of Largo, on account of two from the Lothians and Berwickfhire.
:

LARGS; a parifh in Ayrihire, fi tuated at the northern extremity of like Commodore Trunnion, brought the county, on the coaft of the Frith en fhore many of his nautical ideas of Clyde, oppofite to the ifie of Bute. and manners. One circumftance is It extends 9 miles in length from N. mentioned, that he formed a canal to S. and 8 miles from the coaft to betwixt his houfe and the church, that ridge of hills which feparates it upon which he ufed to fail iri great from the reft of Ayrfhire this cirftate every Sunday, to attend divine cumftance has given rife to the profervice. ad, Mr. James Durham, who verbial faying, " Out of Scotland into diftinguifhed himfelf firft as a foldier, Largs ;" from its fcqueftered appear and afterwards as a divine in which ance. The foil is light, {hallow, and character, being appointed to gravellifh, but tolerably fertile ; and iaft preach before Oliver Cromwell, he the climate is fo pure, that it has been had the courage to reprobate the in- termed the Montpelier of the W. of
fignal naval victories gained over the It is laid that Sir Andrew, Englifh.
:

juftice of that ufurper'sinvafion.

And,
j

Scotland.

Few

diftricts exhibit

more

3d, Alexander Selkirk, rendered famous by the pen of Monfieur de Foe, under the title of Robin/on Crufoe. His true hiftory, diverted of fable, is this. Being failing-mafter of a veffiel, navigating the Pacific ocean, he was put ?.fhore on the uninhabited ifiand of Juan Ftrnandes, as a punifhment for mutiny. In that folitude he remained 4 years and 4 months, when he was relieved, and brought to England by Captain Woodes Rogers. After his return, he gave his narrative to De Foe, to arrange and prepare for publication ; and from it tliat writer formed the novel of Robin/on Crufoe. It is faid that De Foe reaped the advantages ari'fing from the fale of the book, without fharing them with the unfortunate object of the hiftory. The cheft and mufket which Selkirk had with him in the ifiand, are now in the poffeffion of his grand-nephew, John Selkirk, weaver in Largo. In 1791, the population was 19 13 ; increafe 517 fince 1755. Largo Bay; a bay at the opening of the Frith of Forth ; extends from Kincraig point, in the parifh of Kiloonquhar, to the point of Metbil, in the parifh of Wemyfs ; making a diameter of nearly 7 miles, marked by a ridge of fand ; the included bay forms

romantic fcenery. Entering the parifh by its northern extremity, the road proceeds along the fhore, and on the land's fide, a perpendicular wall of ftone rifes above it, to the height of 69 or 65 feet, feeming to hang over it, and piefenting to the eye of the tra T veller the appearance of an impenetrable bulwark and it becomes a
;

more

ther, the fun

weahappens to fhine on it, when covered with icicles. This wall

ftriking object, if in frofty

terminates at Kilmorly, an old caftle ; and farther on are feen the ancient caftles of Skehnurly, Knock, Fairley, with a view of Kelburn, the beautiful feat of the Earl of Glafgow, and Brifbane-hovfe, the feat of Thomas Brifbane, Efq. In the laft houfe is an old chair, made of oak, dated 1357, with the arms of the family carved upon it. There are two fmall fea port towns, viz. Largs, containing 502 inhabitants, and Fairley, containing 152. The country- part of the parifh, in 1796, contained 391 ; total 1025. In the fame year there were 309 horfes, 2009 black cattle, and 3460 fheep. There are many remnants of antiquity ; and the town of Largs has been rendered memorahle by the defeat of the Norwegians, in their laft invafion of this, country. This invafion was made ia

Po

LAS

LAS

2263, under Haco or Haquin, King of mantle in a high degree. There is a Norway, whofe ravages on the coaft conftant fucceflion of beautiful feats, reaching the Scottifh court, an army in the moil beautiful and picturefque was immediately affembled by Alex- fituations. Melville-cajlle, the feat of ander III, and the command given to the right hon. Henry Dundas, is an, Alexander Stewart, grandfather of elegant building, in the Gothic' ftyle,
the firft monarch of Scotland of that name. The armies met, and a dreadful engagement enfued at this village, in which the Danes and Norwegians were defeated, with the lofs of 16,000 killed, and 5000 on the part of the Scots. Haquin himfelf efcaped with difficulty, and died of grief in the Orkneys. A large plain, to the S. of
is pointed out as the fcene Cairns of ftones mark the places where the bodies of the flain were buried ; and a coarfe granite ftone, about 10 feet high, formerly flood in the center of the field, fuppofed to be erected over the grave of fome chieftain. Two Danifh axes were found in the field ; one in the poffeffion of the Earl of Glafgow, and the other prefented by Mr. Brifbane to the Antiquarian Society of Scotland. The celebrated poem of Hardyknute alludes to this battle. ; a village in the parifh of Dalferf, in Lanarkfhire, fituated on the great road from Glafgow to Carlifle. It is newly built, on a regular plan, and now confifts of about 120 hcufes, chiefly inhabited by weavers. It contains upwards of 400 in-

after a plan of the late

Mr. Adams

Mavijbank, the feat of Sir John Clerk of Pennycuik, and many other elegant
buildings, are often comprehended in one landfcape. In the midft of the fcene is fituated the houfe of

Haw

the village,

of action.

LARKHALL

habitants.

LASWADE
thian
;

a parifli in

about

8 miles in length,

2 to 4 in breadth. includes the eaftern extremity of the unpoetically defcribed in a late poem, Pentland hills, which is partly cover- the " Waes o' Mar," by Mr. Macniel. ed with heath, and partly with fine " - Clear below E^k's waters tumble, green pafture ; on the S. there is an Deep glens murm'ring back the found t extenfive tract of muir and wet mofs ; MelviWi tow'rs, fae white and ftately, about 1000 acres are covered with Dim by gloamin glint to view, wood ; the remainder, which is by far Thro' Lapwade's dark woods keek fweetly, the greater part, is arable, and the Skies fae red, and lift fae blue. foil is rich. Strawberries are cultivatEwes and lambs on braes ran Meeting, ed in great quantities for the metroLinties fang on ilka tree polis, and are calculated to yield on p rae the waft, the fun near fetting, an average a profit of 18I. or 19I. per Flani'd on Rnjlins tow'rs fae hie: There are 2 extenfive bieachacre. fields, and 5 paper mills, in which laft Sojtin's tow'rs and braes fae bonny, Craigs and waters, woods and glen ; 260 perfons are employed. The rags were firft bleached here by the oxy-mu- Rojlins banks, unpeer'd by ony, Save the Mule's Haivlbornde/i." as recommended by Berit

from

Mid-Loand On the N,

thomden, remarkable not only for having belonged to Drummond the poet and hiftorian, but alfo for the caves under it, which are faid to have been a ftrong hold of the Pictifh kings in turbulent times: they are 3 in number ; one called the King's gallery, another the King's bed-chamber, and the third the guard-room. The large/I is 90 feet long, and 12 wide at the entrance, gradually tapering-inwards; the height is about 6 feet in the roof is a funnel for the admiffion of light, and to give circulation of air in a recefs is a deep well. From this cave there are paffages to the other rooms; and detached from thefe is a fmall concealment, called the Cyprefs grove, where Drummond is faid to have compofed many of his poems. About half a mile above, ft and the venerable ruins of Rojlin-cajlle, well known for the beautiful long and pleafing melody which bears its name and near it is the chapel of Roflin, which is one of the moft entire pieces of Gothic architecture remaining in Scotland. The fcenery in this neighbourhood, is not
; ; ;

riatic acid,

The North Efk river runs The whole parifh abounds with feams through the whole length of the pa- of coal and limeftone, and their conrish, and its banks are bold and ro- comitant minerals, viz. fandftone,
thollet.

L
fcb'ijhts,

AU
:

L AIT

and other clays, of different it falls into the Tweed. It is a royal degrees of induration. The coal pits borough of very ancient erection, and have been wrought for upwards of was often the feat of the Scottilh par200 years; the annual produce of liament ; but its prefent appearance them lias fluctuated greatly at an a- is mean, and does not convey an idea verage, it may be ftated about 30,000 of its former fplendour. In the reign tons, valued at the pit at about 6000I. of King James III. the factious nobir 7000I. and 13,0001. or 14,0001. when lity, who had been fummoned to One mine, meet for the difpatch of public bufidelivered in Edinburgh. accidentally fet on fire, had been burn- nefs, feized the favourite mimfter of ing for 20 years, and was not extin- that monarch, Sir Robert Cochrane, guifhed in 1791. In cafes of this who had been raifed from a common kind, the combuftion is flow and gra- mafon to be Earl of Marr, and hung dual it will not, indeed, burn with- him and his aflbciates over Lauder out the accefs of pure air, but fmall bridge, in fight of the King and the Lauder has 5 fairs ; on the fupplies will keep it alive, and it is army. impoffible to exclude the air entirely. 3d Friday of June, and the 4th of In 1 791, the population was 3000, July, Auguft, October, and Novemand had increafed 810 fince 1755, ber. It joins with Haddington, Jedchiefly owing to the manufactures burgh, Dunbar, and North Berwick, in fending a reprefentative to the Imwhich had been lately introduced. a parifh in the perial parliament; it lies 22 miles S. county of Caithnefs, fituated at the of Edinburgh, and 24 W. of Berwick. It The parifh of Lauder extends about fouthern extremity of the fhire. extends 27 miles N. from the Ord, 8 miles from N. to S. and about 4 in along the coaft, and is from 13 to 15 breadth, on the ft'rath of Lauder wamiles broad. The appearance is di- ter. The foil is light and fandy ; verfified ; partly flat, and partly moun- and of late has been highly cultivattainous, interfered by feveral ftraths, ed. The furface rifes gradually from in which are fmall rivers running from the river on each fide, to hills of mothe high lands to the fea. The prin- derate height, which are covered with cipal rivers are Dunbeath, Langwall, a mixture of heath and juniper, which and Berridale ; all of which contain makes excellent fheep pafture. About falmon. There are 3 large hills, Mor- 9 fquare miles are under crop, and ten, Scarabine, and Maiden Pap ; the the remainder of the parifh affords elevations of which are nearly a mile pafhire to upwards of 10,000 fheep. perpendicular above the level of the Copper ore has been found in feveral lea. The coaft is bold and rocky, but places, but is not fufficietitly rich to pofiefles feveral harbours, which are defray the expence of working. Muirftations for the veffels employed in flone is abundant, and there is plenty the fiiheries on the coaft. The foil of flate, but of an inferior quality is in general poor, and ill cultivated. adderftones, and arrow points of flint, In the hills there are fed upwards of commonly called elf or fairy arrows, 4700 fheep, and 4055 black cattle. and other ftones in the moft fanciful There are feveral old caftles, which fliapes, are found here after heavy have been of conflderable ftrength in rains. There are the remains of feformer times ; befides the remains of veral circular encampments ; and a many Pictiih houfes, and cairns. Wil- conflderable number of Roman, Spa;

LATHERON;

nifh, Englifh, and Scottifh coins, have been dug up. Many tumuli are to be feen on Lauder muir, where it is probable forne battles have been fought, as fragments of fwords, bows, arrows, Sec. have been found there. Near the town, by the river fide, (lands Lauderfort, the principal feat of the Earl of Lauderdale ; it was built about 500. a royal borough in years ago by Edward I. when he overBerwickihire, feated on the river Lau- run all Scotland ; in the laft century fcr. or Leader, about ij miles before it was repaired, and converted into a

liam Sutherland, commonly called

William More,
i.

" William the Big," from his gigantic Mature, was born in this parilh, about the end of the 14th century he meafured 9 feet 5 inches in height, and his body is faid to have been well proportioned. In 1792, the population was 4006; increafe 331 fmce 1755.
e.
:

LAUDER;

LAU
dhvelling-houfe by the Duke of Lauderdale : there are fome noble apartments in it, which are rich in ftucco work, and one of the largeft is preferved as a curious example of the tafte of the age in which it was made ut. In i8ot the population of the pariSh of Lrud.r was about 1760, and had decrcafed 240 within the laft 10
years.,

LEA
and to give leafes of fmall farms for io years, at a low rent, and on the mo ft
liberal terms. Settlers flocked rapidly to the village ; and, in 1779, it was

power

Laudir, or Leader; a river in Berwickshire, which takes its rife in the Lammermuir hills, and, after a winding couife through the valley to which it gives the name of Lauderdale, falls into the Tweed near the abbey of Melrofe. ; one of the three greater divifions of Berwickihire, watered by the Lauder. From this diftricl: the noble family of Maitland, firft Earls, then Dukes, and now Earls again, take their title. Lauder s, orLowTHERs; a hill of that ridge which feparates Lanarkshire from Annandale ; fuppofed to be the higheft in the S. of Scotland, being elevated 3150 feet above the fea

erected into a burgh of barony, with to elect every 3 years a bailie and 4 counfellors, to regulate the police of the burgh ; with the privilege of holding weekly markets, and an annual fair. The public fpirited proprietor alfo erected a commodious inn, with a well {elected library adjoining, for the amufement of travellers who ftop there he alfo encouraged, and contributed liberally to the eftablifh:

ment

of a linen

bleachfield,

manufactory and which are now in a thriv-

LAUDERDALE

ing State. In 1792, the population of the village was 500, and was continuing to increafe. It lies in the middle of the county, on the great road from

Perth to Aberdeen 10 miles N. E. from Brechin, 8 N. W. from Montrofe, and 7 W. from Bervie. In the neighbourhood is a feat of the Gar* denftone family ; and near it is the
;

level.

NAN
called

LAURENCE
;

(St.) or

SLAMANVide
anciently

a parifh

in Stirlingshire.

Slamannan.

LAURENCE-KIRK;
Conveth
;

houfe of Halkerton, long the refidence of the family of Falconer, from whence that family took the title of Baron ; which, with the eftates, now belong to the Earl of Kintore. In 1792, the population of the parifh was 1200, and had increafed 443 Since 1755.
a village in the parifh of Falkirk, in the county of Stirling, containing 86a inhabitants. Lawers, or Benlawers ; a mountain in Perthshire. Vide Benlawers. Laxford; a river in SutherlandShire, which takes its rife from Loch Stalk, in the pariSh of Edderachylis, and falls into an arm of the fea called the bay of Laxford, where there is excellent anchorage.

parifli in

Kincar-

LAURIESTOWN;

dinelhire, of a triangular form, 4 miles in length, and from 1 to 3 in breadth,

containing 4381 fquare acres. ridge of hills extends through the whole extent from E. to W. Hoping gradually to the N. and S. and the furface, though not diversified by any linking inequalities, yet exhibits thofe gentle rifings which are fuppofed to It is conftitute pidturefque beauty. watered by the fmall river Leuther,
tributary dreams. The foil is fertile, lying moftly on a clay bottom about 120 acres are marfhes and meadows, and 70 acres are covered with wood. The village of Laurence-kirk owes its exiftence to the public fpirit and exertions of the late Lord Gardenftone the proprietor. In 1730, the number of inhabitants in it did not exceed 80; and, in 1762, when the

Leader,
Berwickshire,

or

Lauder;

a river in

and

its

rendered familiar by Vide Lauder. paStoral defcription. LEADIIILLS ; a village in the parifh of Crawford, in the county of Lanark. The Situation of this village is perhaps the moft elevated in the S, of Scotland. The rich mineral treasures

which the hills contain in their bofom, has, by the concourfe of miners, formed two not inconsiderable eftate of Johnfton was purchafed by villages, Leadhills and WanlockLord Gardenftone, they had decreafed head, in a fituation one would be to 54. In 1765, he laid down a plan apt to think, from the appearance of of a new village, and began to feu the country, the leaft likely to belots of land for houfes and gardens, come the feat of any numerous pppu^

LEG
Cold has been found in the fand of thefe mountains, and inexhaustible veins of rich lead ore are now wrought. The lead ore dug from thcfe mines afford a very liberal proportion of filver, a fmall quantity of which is generally intermixed in all lead ore. The bufinefs is carried on by a company, named the Scots Mining Company, who farm the hills from the Earl of Hopetoun, the proprietor. He receives .from the company every 6th bar of lead as his rent. The number of bars annually cart, amount on an average to about 18,000. The miners work only 8 hours in the 24, which leaves them a great deal of fpare time, which they employ in reading, and have accordingly fitted up a public library at their own expence, to the fupport of which almoft every* miner contributes. The appearance of the furrounding country is bleak, wild, and rugged, and no vegetables are to be feen, which have not a dwarfiSh, ftunted, and unhealthy afpect ; yet, in the neighbourhood of the village, a few fpots are covered with corn and potatoes, (hewing the power which perfeverance pofiefles to foften the ruggednefs of the moll fterile foil. In 1791, the village containtatlon.

LEI
wickfhire, fituated on the border be* twixt Lauderdale and Lammermuir* It extends about 3 miles in length by %\ in breadth, comprehending a fquare of 8 miles. The furface conlifts of an affemblage of hills, rifing gradually from the Leader, interfperfed with

deep mofTes,

in

which

are

found large

trunks of different kinds of trees, which renders it highly probable that the hills and glens, with the circumjacent country, were formerly a part of an immenfe foreft. The foil of the arable land is chiefly a blackifh mofiy loam, intermixed with fand, and the gravel formed by the mouldering down of the adjacent rocks ; it is tolerably fertile, and would be productive of heavy crops, were it not for the difadvantages of an expofed Situation,

and a weeping climate. The hills afford pafture to 3770 fiieep, 560 black cattle, and i2ohorfes. Birkhillfide, the

feat of the family of Shillinglaw, 13 the only manfion of note. There are 3 ancient towers ; one of which is very entire, and affords a Striking monument of the fortreffes of our anceftors. In 1792, the population was 422 ; increafe 24 fince 1755. LEITH, formerly called Inve-rl e 1 t h ; the port of Edinbm-gh, fituated on the Frith of Forth, about a ed 970 inhabitants. a parifb lying at the miles from the metropolis. It is built ; union of Teiih and Allan with the at the mouth of the water of Leitb, Forth, two thirds of which is iituated which forms the harbour, and divides in the county of Perth, and one third the town into two diftricts, called in the county of Stirling. Its form is North and South Leith, which comnearly an equilateral triangle, each municate by a draw-bridge over the fide of which is 3 miles, and it con- harbour. The houies are in general tains about 2000 acres, of which one inelegant, and the Streets moStly narhalf is carfe, and the other half dry row and confined ; but there are Jield ; they are divided from each o- many new Streets, which might vie in ther by a beautiful bank, from which point of elegance and uniformity, with there is one of the fmeft profpects in any town in Scotland, except the New the ifland, and as fuch has been often Toivn of Editiburgk. The harbour, vifited by perfons of tafte. On this which is the principal fource of wealth bank is fituated the elegant refidence to the place, has 9 feet depth of water of Mr. Stirling of Kier, Sheltered on at common neap tides, and 16 at the the N. and E. by thriving plantations. Spring tides. In the beginning of the There are feveral rude forts, which laft century, the town council of Eare fuppofed to have been erected by dinburgh improved it at a great exthe Caledonians to watch the motions pence, by carrying out a Stone pier a of the troops Rationed on the wall of considerable way into the fea ; and, in Antoninus. In 1794, the population 1777, they erected a new quay on the was 420 ; decreafe 157 Since 1755. N. Side, widening and deepening the Leet; a fmall river in Berwickshire, harbour at the fame time : it is acwhich runs into the Tweed at the commodated with wet and dry docks, town of Coldftream. and other conveniences for Ship-builda pariih in Ber- ing, which is carried on to a great ex-

LECROPT

LEGERWQOD;

LEI
tent, as vefiels come to Leith from the neighbouring ports to be repaired In 1800, the town council of Edinburgh, always active in promoting
\

LEI
At the time of receiving charter from the Queen Regent, the inhabitants of Leith were divided into 4 clafies, viz. the mariners, maltmen, trades and traffickers, who were' erected into corporations by the fame charter. Of thefe the mariners were the mod numerous ; they obtained from the fame Queen, a gift, afterfovereigns.
its

improvements, began to build a new bafon, with extenfive docks on the N. iide which when completed., will render it a very capacious, as well as a fafe and convenient ftation for trading Ships, vefiels of almoft any burden. indeed, can only enter at full tide but the Roads of Leith, which lie about a mile off from the mouth of the harbour, afford the mod excel-

wards ratified by William and Mary, of one penny duty per ton, on goods in the harbour of Leith, for the fupport of their poor ; which now produces a fum of 120I. or 130I. per an.; lent anchorage ground at all times, for for the fame charitable purpofe, every mips of any fize. The harbour of fhipmafter or mariner pays iixpence Leith was granted to the community per pound out of their wages ; by of Edinburgh by King Robert I. in which the corporation is enabled to 1329; but the banks of the harbour pay from 600I. to 700I. per annum in belonged to Logan of Reftalrig, an charitable donations. The 4 corporaambitious and turbulent baron, from tions ftill retain their charters, and the whom the citizens were obliged to government of the town is vefted in 2. purchafe the bank betwixt the houfe magiftrate fent from Edinburgh, havand the rivulet, for building wharfs, ing the power and title of Admiral of and erecting mops and granaries, nei- Leith, and in 2 rending bailies, electther of which they could do before. ed from the inhabitants of Leith by As the fituation of Leith was more the town council of Edinburgh. Aa favourable and convenient for mercan- the town was ill fupplied with water, tile tranfactions than the metropolis, and the ftreets neither properly cleanthe town council of Edinburgh has ed nor lighted; in 1771, an act of parfallen upon many methods to reftrain liament was obtained, appointing cerand hamper the efforts of the inhabit- tain perfons from the magiftrates of ants of Leith. They firft purchafed Edinburgh, Lords of Seflion, members from the Baron of Reftalrig an exclu- of the corporations of Leith, and inhabitants of Edinburgh and Leith, to sive privilege of carrying on every fpeceis of traffic in the town of Leith, act as co7mnij]ioners of police, and to and of keeping warehoufes for the re- levy a fum not exceeding fixpence in ception of merchandife, and inns for the pound, upon the valued rent of the entertainment of ftrangers in that Leith. The great change which has place; and, in 1483, an act of town been produced fince that period, fhews council was paffed, by which the citi- the good effect: of the act, and that it zens of Edinburgh were prohibited, had been judicioufly prepared, and Tinder fevere penalties, from joining carefully executed. Leith was ftrongly in partnership with any inhabitant of fortified by the Queen Regent, at the Leith. To free themfelves from thefe time of the reformation, and was furoppreffive acts, the people of Leith rounded with a wall having 8 bafpurchafed the fuperiority of their tions. The fortifications, erected by town from Logan of Reftalrig, for Oliver Cromwell in North Leith, cal3000I. Scots, and it was erected into a led the Citadel, for the purpofe of defree burgh of barony by the Queen fending the harbour, were demoliftied Regent, Mary of Lorraine, who pro- by order of government, at the reftormised to erect it into a royal borough. ation of Charles II. and the ground She died, however, before this was given to the Duke of Lauderdale, from aceompliftied ; and, upon her death, whom the council of Edinburgh was Erancis and Mary, in violation of the obliged to purchafe it at the enormous
private rights of the people of Leith, ibid the fuperiority of the burgh to their opprelfors, the inhabitants of Edinburgh, to whom it has iince been confirmed by the grants of fucceffive
price of 6000I. About 16 years ago, a battery of 9 guns was erected to the W. of the citadel, in conlequence of

the appearance of Paul Jones, who, with only 3 armed ihips of fmall ii^

LEI
ftruclion of the fhips both in the road

LEN
tonnage of the
officer

nad the audacity to threaten the de- the beginning of the year 179T, the and the harbour.
tery,

An

with 18

or 20 artillerymen rtfide in the bat-

and keep it in excellent order. Befides the mariners corporation, to which belongs the Trinity Hofpital for their poor, there is another hofpital called King James's Hofpital, for the poor belonging to the other corporations. Though a very great trade is carried on betwixt Leith and other foreign parts, yet the articles of export and import fluctuate fo much, that it would be ufelefs to enter into minute details. In general, the imports from the fouthern provinces of Europe are wines, brandy, and fruits; from the Weft Indies and America, rice, fugar, rum, and dye ftuffs; but the principal trade is with the Baltic, for which it is moft happily fituated. The London traders are excellently fitted up for paffengers, and one generally fails every 3 or 4 days. The ihipping of Leith caufes a great demand for ropes and fail-cloth ; of which articles there are feveral manufacturing companies. There are 2 glafs-houfe companies, which, in 1790,
manufactured not lefs than 9,059,904 pounds weight of glafs. Manufactures of foap and candles have alfo been erected; of the former of which, in 1790, 6,000,000 of pounds, and of the latter 3,000,000 of pounds, were manufactured ; befides which, there is a coniiderable carpet manufactory, and feveral iron forges. In 1784, the
trade of Leith was eftimated at half a million fterling, according to the following ftatement ; and there is every reafon to believe, that, fince that period, the amount has been doubled. Importatiou of flax, hemp,
iron, afhes,: ar,

..... Do. of wood, Do. of teas, fpirits, wine, hops,

&c.

- -

L. 160,500 32,000

and groceries, 101,500 Do. of grain, on confignment and purchafe, 161,000 Man ufacturesof foap andcandles,

.....
Total,

Rope-works,
-

13,000 27,000

L.495,000

veffels belonging to the port of Leith was 130,000 tons. There are 2 banks, viz. the Leith Banking Company, and a branch of the Britijb Linen Company. The Edinburgh races are run on the fands of Leith, lying to the S. and E. of the town. Leith is divided into 2 parifhes, called South and North Leith; the former of which extends from the Calton-hill of Edinburgh, including Leith walk; and the latter, fituated to the N. of the harbour, comprehends the fifhing village of Neivha'ven, and the barony of Hillhoufe-field. In 1791, the population of North Leith was 2409, and of South Leith 11,432 ; total 13,841; increafe 4436 fince 1755. Leith River takes its rife by 3 copious fprings, in the weftern extremity of Currie parifh, in Mid -Lothian; and receives various additions in its progrefs, particularly at the village of Balerno, where it is joined by a large burn. It runs nearly N. E. and the whole courfe is not more than 14 miles ; yet, in this fhort fpace, it drives upwards of 80 mills of different defcriptions ; it difcharges itfelf into the Frith of Forth at Leith, and its mouth forms that excellent harbour. In its bed, a little below Cannon flour mills, we have an example of a vein of quartoze matter, at leaft 34 feet wide, which fills up a fifTure in the Jirata of freeftone. Being the only river in the neighhbourood of the metropolis, the natural beauties of its banks have been increafed by the erection of many elegant feats, and extenlive plantations; it abounds with trout, and contains a few pike. Leith en ; a river in the county of Peebles, which falls into the Tweed at the village of Innerleithen ; it is the laft great acceffion of waters which the Tweed receives, before it leaves the diftrict to which it gives the name of Tweeddale. the ancient name of ; the parifh of Coldstream. ; an ancient ihire or diftrict, now partitioned between the counties of Stirling and Dumbarton. The noble family of Lennox had ex-

LENNEL

LENNOX

befides glafs-works, &c. and ihipbuilding, in which there are employed

5 matter builders,

tenfive poffeffions in

it.

Lennox Hills;

carpenters.

By an account taken

and from 150 to 200 from Dumbarton in which the range is continued from the

a ridge extending to Stirling, beyond

Qq

LEO
Forth to the Taj, under the name of Throughout the whole, ti'ie Ochils. ftupendous bafaltic columns and volcanic rocks prefect the-mfelves. The mountains of this ridge rife gradually from the E. and are nearly perpendicular on the W. at which fide the
bafaltic

LES
branches, in the parifh of Leochel^ and empties itfelf into the Don, near the church of Alford, 27 miles

W.

from Aberdeen.

LEONARDS
Andrews
(St.)

(St.); a parifh in

Fifefhire, united to St.

Andrews. Vide

columns

are

diftinctly.feen.
is

At

Stirling this

appearance

marked, and no at Dumbarton. ade of bafaltic pillars

ficent

ftrongly lefs fd at Fintry, and At Fintry, the colonis

molt magni-

(vide Fintry) ; and, in the parifh of Strathblane, the front of a precipice, for the fpace of a furlong, is lined with ftately columns of the fame kind, and the pillars are from 2 to 3 feet in diameter, upwards of 30 This ridge extends feet in height. the whole length of that diftrict, which was formerly called Lennoxfhire, though that diftrict is now loft in the counties of Stirling and barton ; and the title of Duke of Len nox is alfo loft in the Britifh title of Duke of Richmond ; the ftupendous ridge of hills, which fo well deferve the attention of the philofopher and the mineralogift, will tranfmit the name to poiterity.

Dum

a town on the main; land of Shetland, and the feat of the courts of that ftewartry. It is fituated on the fpacious harbour called Lerwick or Breffay found, and derives its only confequence from the courts of law, and the refort of the veffels employed in the whale-fiihery, which make this bay their place of rendezvous. It contains about 900 inhabitants. The parifh of Lerwick extends about 6 miles along the fea coaft, and is no where above a mile in breadth. On the E. and N. E. it is bounded by the fea, which feparates it from Breffay illand, and forms that excellent harbour called Breffay found. The
furface is rocky and mountainous; but there are many fine arable fields on

LERWICK

or

LENTRATHEN,LINTRATHEN, GLENTRATHEN; a parifli in

Vide
;

Forfarfhire.

Glentrathen.

a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, about 5 miles long, and 4 broad. The furface is hilly ; but none of the hills are of great elevation, except the hill of Corfe : all of them are covered 1 75Swith heath, and abound with game of LESLIE ; a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, all kinds. The arable land, which lies in Garioch, comprehending a fuperin the valleys, is a ftrong clay, and ficies of 4 fquare miles. The general that on the fides of the hills is a rich appearance is rather hilly, but the loam, both of which are abundantly fmall hills are arable to the fummits ; fertile. Around the caftle of Craigi-var, the. foil on the low grounds is a deep, the feat of Sir William Forbes of ftrong, rich mould, producing good Craigivar, there are feveral thriving crops, with very indifferent culture ; plantations, of all forts of foreft trees. higher up, the foil is a light loam, alE-efides Craigivar, there are 2 ancient fo very productive. It is watered by caftles, now in ruins, belonging to the the fmall river Cadie, a ftream celefame family, called Lenturk and Corfe brated by the native poet Johnstone. in the latter of which were born fe- In feveral places towards the S. there veral of the Forbefes, who, for many is found a fpecies of greenifh-colouryears, were the bifhops of Aberdeen. ed amianthus, which is eafily cut, and In 1790, the parifh of Leochel contain- formed by the common people into

LEQCFIEL

the fea-coaft, the foil of which is light and fandy, but tolerably fertile and productive. Near the N. end of the town is a fmall fortification, called Fort Charlotte, which commands the N. entry to Breffay found, and is garrifoned by a fmall detachment of invalids. There are the remains of 2 ancient Danifh caftles, about a mile and a half S. from the town. In 1790, the population was 1359; increafe 66 fince

ed 304 inhabitants
parifh

but, in 1798, the

fhuff-boxes and other trinkets, which

ofe^usHNiE was annexed to have a very beautiful appearance. In it; making the population of Leochel 1792, the population was 392; decreafe 21 fince 1755. 642. Vide Cushnie.

Leochel
deenfhire,

a fmall river in Aberits rife

LESLIE;
on the

a parifh in Fifefhire, lying

river

which takes

by

bank of the

Leven, from

LES
which the furface rifes with an almoft imperceptible afcent to the northern boundary. It is entirely arable, and the foil is in general good, and well cultivated. The town of Leslie, which is fituated on the Leven, is a confiderable manufacturing place, and, in 1790,
ly,

LES
but now the property of Lord Douglas. In this fortrefs, the unhappy Mary Queen of Scots found a ihort afylum, after her efcape from her prifon in Locb Le-ven. Coal is wrought
in different parts
is
;

and, at Blair, there

feam of Cannel coal, as hard contained about 800 inhabitants. A- and finooth as jet. Limeftone is in bout a mile from the town is Lejlie- great abundance ; fome ftrata 30 feet houfe, a magnificent feat, built by the in thicknefs, and the quality is fo good, Duke of Rothes, round a court like that, upon an analyfis, 29 parts in '30 the abbey of Hoiyroodhoufe ; it was have been found to be pure calcareous unfortunately burnt down in 1763, earth. In fome places, particularly but the forefide of the fquare was re- near Craignethan, it approaches to the paired by the Earl of Rothes in 1767. nature of marble, and is much valued Near it is the old caftle of Strathend- for columns or fteps of large flairs. Various petrifactions, as fliells, parts rie, which formerly belonged to a celebrated family of the fame name ; of fkulls and horns of fheep, and and the houfe of Pitcaim, now in a pieces of wood, are found in the lime ruinous ftate, formerly the reiidence quarries: marl has alfo been found, of the well known Dr. Pitcairn, is in and ironftone appears in many places. In 1790, the number of Slate and freeftone, of excellent quathis parifn. Several attempts inhabitants was 121a; irjcreafe 82 lity, is abundant. have been made to work lead in Cumfince 1755. LESMAHAGGE ; a parifh in the berhead hills, but hitherto unfuccefscounty of Lanark of an oval figure, fully. Befides thefe ufeful minerals, 14 miles in length by 13 in breadth. there are a great variety of other foffil It lies upon the S. W. bank of the ri- fubftances in the parifh, which furnifh ver Clyde, which runs along it, and in ample field for the inveftigations of this courfe are the ftupendous falls of the philofopher and mineralogift. The the river, at Bonniton, Corra, and Stone- rocks and ftones in the bed of the byres; (vide Clyde.) The banks of the Clyde, particularly near Stonebyres, have river are bold, rifmg in many places a lingular appearance they look as if into hills of confiderable height, every they had been in fufion, and many where divided by deep gullies, form- have an heterogeneous appearance, ed by numerous brooks and torrents formed of fmall ftones of a different which fall into the river. The inter- kind adhering to them, or imbedded mixture of Avoods, coppices, plains, in the mafs, while in a fluid ftate. Speeminences, ravines, and precipices, on cimens of the Petunfe Pentlandica are both fides of the river, added to the faid to have been found in feveral windings of its copious ftream, and places. Upon the whole, the parifh the magnificent falls, exhibit to the of Lefmahagoe, both on account of eye, at every change of fituation, new its minerals and of its profpects, is landfcapes, ftrikingly beautiful ai.d well deferving of a vifit from the phifublime. The furface of the country lofopher and the man of tafte. In is uneven, and the foil various ; but, 1792, it contained 2810. inhabitants, upon the whole, it is by no means fer- of which number 570 refided in 3 tile, and is better adapted for pafture fmall villages.
a fine
; :

than

tillage.
is

Eefides the Clyde, the

LES SUDD EN,

;

or St.

BOSand on

watered by the Logan, the Nethan, the Kype, and the Ponicle ; all of which fall into the Clyde. There is a confiderable extent of wood, much of the hanging banks being covered with coppices ; fome of thefe are very
parifh
extenfive,
tic vale

a parifn in the Roxburgh, about 3 miles from 1 to 2 miles broad. the banks of the Tweed, foil is excellent: the land
is

WELL'S

county of
long,
It lies

where the
in

general

particularly at

Stonebyres.

and even the worft :^nds are capable of great improvement by the

good

On a lofty promontory, on the romanof the river Netban, ftand the ruins of Draffin or Craignethan-caftle, jmciently a feat of the Hamilton fami-

den
5

The village of Lessudufe of lime. is fituated 10 miles from Kelfo,

from Melrofe, and 7 from Jedburgh, and contains about 300 inhabitant^

LET
St. Bofwell's fair,

LEU
grc-ateft

1723. The cultivated land is about in the ibuth country, is held on a 5 miles in length, and % of a mile in green of that name, on the 18th July. breadth; but the muirs and wafte In 1793, the population was 500 ; in- lands extend much farther. The whole of the cultivated land is furrounded crease 191 lince 1755. by the Grampians, except towards ; a parifh in Wigtonfhire ; about 7 miles in length, and the E. where there is a fmall opening, from 5 to 6 in breadth. It forms part through which the Weft Water, one of the peninfula called the Rimis of of the branches of the South EJk river, Galloway, lying upon the bay of Loch iffues. The foil of the arable land is Ryan. The furface is much diverfified partly clay, and partly a rich loam, with hills and plains, valleys, mea- upon a till bottom, and there is fome dows, and exteniive muirs and mories. haugh ground on the banks of the riThe foil is as various as the furface, vulet ; lying in the midft of the Gramexhibiting all kinds of foil, from the pians, the parifh is in general hilly, richeft clay loam to the puoreft fand and fome of the hills are elevated to The coaft is high, bold, a confiderable height ; it is bounded or gravel. and rocky; but the fifhing in the Iriih by the hill of Catertbun on the S. and There towards the E. border the conical hill channel is very productive. are about 3000 fheep, 1500 head of oUVirran nfes toa confiderable height. black cattle, and 240 work horfes in The number of fheep is about 8000. the parifh. There are 2 fmall rivulets, Limeftone is abundant, but the qualione of which empties itfelf into the ty is rather inferior : there is alfo clay bay of Loch Ryan, and the other runs marl, which, however, contains only into the bay of Luce. The only edi- a fmall quantity of calcareous earth. fice of note in the parifh, is Lochnatu- In 1790, the population was 505 ; decajlle, the refidence of Sir Stair Agnew, create" 1,30 fince 1755. LEUCHARS ; a parifh in Fifefhire, Bart. It is very ancient, and had been formerly ftrongly fortified. In 1790. of an irregular figure ; about 9 miles the population was 1194, being 542 in length by 5 in breadth ; bounded more than the number of inhabitants on the E. by the German ocean, and watered by the river Eden on the Si in 1755. a village in Fifefhire, and S. W. The furface is level, and li; in the parifh of Monimail. There is able to be overflown in times of heavy a confiderable fair held in it during rains ; and, it is faid, that within the the firft week of June. bounds of the parifh, every kind of foil a village in Fprfar- known in the county may be found. fhire, in the parifh of Dunnichen, The greater part is peculiarly adaptlately eftablifhed by Mr. Dempfter. It ed for wheat; of which, in 1791, 670 has a weekly market, in which is fold bolls were fown : confiderable quana great quantity of yarn and linen tities of the other forts of grain are cloth, manufactured in the neighbour- annually exported. The village of hood, befides other articles. Leuchars is pleafantly fituated aa parifh in Perth- bout a mile from the coaft, and 6 ; fhire ; 5 miles in length, and i\ mile miles from St. Andrews, on the road at its greateft breadth. The weftern from that town to the ferry of Dundiftrict has a blackifh mould, inclining dee. The number of inhabitants, in to clay, exceedingly rich, and well a- 1793, was upwards of 600, who are adapred for all kinds of crops ; to- chiefly employed jn the linen manuwards the &. it Decomes blacker, more facture for the Dundee market. On wet, and confequently lefs productive. the eftate of Leuchars, lately purThe ftate of agriculture is rather be- chafed from Sir David Carnegie by the hind , and, owing to the too copious hon. Robert Lindfay, there are the ufc of marl, with inceffant cropping, remains of an ancient building, called foir.e farms have been rendered per- the caftle of Leuchars, which has been fectly fterile. In 1793, the population ftrongly fortified, and furrounded by was 367 ; increafe 21 fince 175 <r. a moat. Pitlethie, the feat of Mr. ; a parifh in Forfar- Lawfon, is an elegant manfion, built fhire, formed by the union of the pa- of the ftones, and near the lite of one rifhes of Navar and Lethnot in of the hunting-feats of King James VL

one of the

LESWALT

LETHAM

LETHAM;

LETHENDY

LETHNOT

LEV
The number of
fheep, in 1792,

LEV
was And
piecemeal crumble
to duit.

down

the tow"x

about 2200; of black cattle 1560; and of horfes 420. In the fame year the population was 1620; decreafc
71 fince i75J

Perhaps in fome lone, dreary, defert tower, That time has fpar'd, forth from the win-

dow

looks,

a village in the parifh of Scoonie, in Fifeihire, fituated at the mouth of the river Leven, which forms a fafe harbour for veffels of confiderTo it belong 7 or 8 able burden. veffels, fome of them of ijo or 200
;

LEVEN

Half hid in grafs, the folitary fox ; While, from above, the owl, mufician dire ! Screams hideous, harfh, and grating to the
ear.

Equal

in age,

and fharers of

its fate,
it

A row of mofs-grown trees around

tops,

ftand;

tons, which are chiefly employed in the Baltic and London trade. In 1793, the town contained 335 families, or
1 1 65 inhabitants.

Scarce here and there, upon their Mailed

A fhriveli'd leaf difcinguifhes

the year."

Bruce.
In the year 1335, this caftle fuftained
a

a beautiful lake in the counties of Kinrofs and Fife about 12 miles in circumference; bounded on the E. and S. by the Lomond hills, and on the W. and N. by the plain of Kinrofs. In this expanfe of water 4 iflands are interfperfed the largeft of which, St. Serf's, con;

Leven (Loch)

memorable

ling,

liege by Sir John Stirone of the partifans, and a prin-

cipal officer of

Edward

Baliol,

who,

under the protection of Edward III. of England, contefted the crown with David II. After the alTailants had feveral times attempted to take it by tains about 48 acres, and on it was ftorm, and had as often times been formerly fituated the ancient priory repulfed, they adopted the plan of of Loch Leven, dedicated to St. Serf or damming up the river that Hows from Servanus, faid to have been founded the lake, expecting thus to raife the by.Brudo laft King of the Picfts, who water fo high, as to drive the befieged made a grant of the ifland to the Cul- out of the fortrefs. The water conIn the reign of David I. this tinued to rife daily, and they thought dees.
eftablimment of the regular clergy of themfelves fure of fucceeding, when the order of St. Columba was fup- the Englifh general, and molt of the preffed, and the ifland bellowed on troops having left the camp, to celethe clergy of the church of Rome. brate the feftival of St. Margaret, at The caftle of Loch Leven, anciently Dunfermline, the befieged feized the a royal rehdence, ftands on another favourable opportunity, and broke ifland in the lake. The ifland is a- down the dam ; on which the water bout 2 acres of extent, and the caftle ruihed out with fuch impetuofity, as ftands nearly in the middle of it, en- to overwhelm the camp of the Engcompaffed by a rampart of ftone. It lifh, and throw them into the utmoft was granted by Robert III. to Douglas confufion. The befieged returned to Laird of Loch Leven ; and was form- the caftle in triumph, and were no erly a very ftrong place, and could more difturbed. At the eaftern exaccommodate a numerous garrifon. tremity of the lake are ftill to be diThe contrail: between its ancient ftinguifhed fome remains of this dam. fplendour and its prefent ftate, is The circumftance, however, which beautifully painted by a bard, who renders this caftle particularly confpidrew his fiift breath, and fpent the cuous in Scottilh hiftory, is the congreater part of his fhort life, on the finement cf the beautiful and accombanks of Loch Leven. pliihed, but unfortunate Queen Mary, "

No more

Of

Here fhe was under the care of the mother of Murray, afterwards regent, quivers in the undulating wave who had been married to Douglas of But naked itand the melancholy walls, Lafh'd by the wintry tempefts, cold and Loch Leven. This woman, whofe manners were as rude as her conduct had bleak, That whittle mournful thro' the empty been irregular, and who bore an implacable hatred towards Mary, treathalls,

Of And

is arches echo to the noife joy and feftive mirth no more the glance blazing taper thro' its windows beams,
:

had feparated from Bothwel'l, and was made captive by the confeafter fhe

derate lords, at the battle of Pinkie.

LEV
; ;

LEV

cd her with great indignity, alleging and falls into the Clyde at Dumbarthat fhe had been lawfully married to ton-caftle : the whole length of its
courfe, including the windings, is aJames that Mary was illegitimate and that her own fon was true heir bout 9 or 10 miles, and it is navigable to the crown. Here Mary fuffered all for flat-bottomed veffels for one half

the miferies of a rigorous captivity,

of the year.

The

excellence of

its

which ihe endeavoured to mitigate water for bleaching procefles, has inand folace, by praftifing thofe accom- duced many to eftablifh extenfive pliihments which (he had learnt in printiields and bleachfieldo on its happier times; amufing herfelf alter- banks. Some idea may be formed of nately with the needle and with the the large fcale on which thefe works^
tinging thofe effufions of lyric poetry, which are attributed to her Here, too, fhe was forced to pen. fign a resignation of her crown to her fon, and the appointment of Murray, a perfon fhe hated, as Regent. Several attempts were made to refcue her, which the vigilance of her keepers rendered abortive ; but, in the family of her jailers, fhe found a deliverer: this was George Douglas, her keeper's younger brother, a youth of 18 ; who, captivated by her charms, and touched with pity for her misfortunes, ftole the keys of the caftle from his brother, releafed the royal prifoner, and conveyed her from the ifland to the oppofite more, where fhe was received with the utmoft joy by Lord Seaton, Sir James Hamilton, and a few more of her zealous friends. The remains of the caftle, which are yet to be feen, are, a rectangular building, flanked with fmall towers, the walls of a fmall chapel, and part of the apartment in which Mary was confined. Around the caftle are fome ancient trees. The other a iflands of the lake are called the Paddock bower, and the Reed bower ; and are only of note, as tending to heighten the picturefque
lute,

are conducted,

when

it is

known

that

pay a duty to government of upwards of 4-o,oool. per annum. Thefe works, there can be no doubt, are a great national benefit, by increaling the wealth and refources of the country ; but, at the fame time, they have the tendency
largeft printfields

two of the

to banifh that innocent fimplicity of manners, which has been long the characleriftic of the Scottifh peafant-

Could Dr. Smollet now take a view of his native vale, on the banks of the Leven; inftead of the quiet
ry.

and happy paftoral fcenes which he

elegantly defcribes ; inftead of bleating flocks and happy fhepherds ; he would find it the bufy haunt of men, eager after riches ; and, though as a patriot he might rejoice at the profperity of the country, yet it is probable he would regret the lofs of that calm repofe, which its inhabitants enjoyed when it was fo dear to him. His Ode on Leven water, though inferted in fo many different publications, paints the beauties of this vale in fo juft and pleating colours, that we cannot forbear inferting it.
fo

On Leven 's banks, while And tune the rural pipe

free to rove,

to love,

and beautiful fcenery. Loch Leven I envied not the happieft fwain, abounds with fifh among which are That ever trode the Arcadian plain. pike, perch, eels, char, and very fine Pure flream in whofe tranfparent wave. The fifh- My' youthful limbs I wont to lave trout, of peculiar delicacy. the landlords of rented by the is ery No torrents ftain thy limpid fource
;
! ;

two

inns of Kinrofs, at iool. per an-

num.

Leven ; a river in Fifefhire, which runs from the E. end of Loch Leven ; and, after a courfe of about 12 or 14
miles, falls into the fea at the village of Leven. It abounds with trout of various kinds, and at its mouth is a

rocks impede thy dimpling courfe, That fweetly warbles o'er its bed, With white round polifh'd pebbles fpread

No

While, lightly pois'd, the fcaly brood In myriads cleave thy cryftal flood.

valuable falmon fifhery. Leven ; a river in Dumbartonfhire, which may juftly be termed one of the largeft rivers of Scotland. It iffues

The The The The

fpringing trout, in fpeckled pride; falmon, monarch of the tide

;

ruthlefs pike, intent

filver eel,

on war; and motled par'

from Loch Lomond at Balloch,

Devolving from thy parent lake, A charming maze thy waters make, By how'rs of birch, and groves of pin& And hedges flower 'd with eglantine.

LE
Still

W
ifland

LIS
of Lord Se'aforth.
exhibits

on thy banks fo gaily greeir, May numerous herds and flocks be feen, And laffes chanting o'er the pail, And iheplierds piping in the dale,

Every part of the

anti-

monuments of
and upright

quity, as duns, fortified caftles, druidical edifices, cairns,

(tones.

appears to have been fubfervient to the religious rites of the druids, is near the fmall village of Cnlami/h, in the Near the birth-place of Dr. Smollet, parifh of Uig ; (vide Uig.) Befides about half a mile from the river, is an the town of Stornoway, there are feelegant monument erected to his me- veral fmall villages. The chief emmory, by his relation Mr. Smollet of ployments of the inhabitants are the rearing of Iheep and black cattle, and Bonhill. Leven ; an arm of the fea, which the fifnery. Lewis is divided into 4 Vide parifhes, viz. Bar-vas, Lochs, Siornogoes off from Loch Linnhe. <way, and Uig ; which, in 1796, conLinnhe' (Loch). Leven Seat; a mountain in the tained 3 11 inhabitants; increafe 1925 parifh of Carnwath, in Lanarkshire, lince 1755. There are a great many 1200 feet above the level of the Clyde. fmall adjacent iflets and rocks beLeuther, or Luther ; a fmall ri- longing to the diilrict of Lewis, fome ver in Angus-fhire, which riles in the of which are inhabited, but the greatGrampian hills ; and, after paffing the er number are too trivial to deferve village of Laurence-kirk, falls into the notice. or St. North E/k. LEWIS ; one of the largeft of the ; a parifh in the county Hebrides ; about 60 miles in length of Elgin, about 4 miles in length, and from N. to S., and from 13 to 15 in 3 in breadth. The general appearance breadth ; parted by two arms of the is a plain, diversified by feveral low fea into two divifions ; the fouthern hills, apparently connected with each called Harris, and the northern Lewis u other, and covered with corn, grafs, Lewis belongs to Rofs-ihire, but Har- or plantations. The foil is fandy, but tolerably fertile. ris is annexed to the county of InverThere are 3 lakes nefs ; (vide Harris.) The furface is on the confines of the parifh ; the not fo rugged and mountainous as the largeft of which, Loch Spynie, has been fouthern diftricr, and the low ground lately drained, and a confiderable exis covered with lakes, moffes, and tent of excellent land regained ; the fwamps. On the coaft tire land is ara- other lakes are the loch of Cots, orible, with a fandy foil, tolerably fertile ginally an arm of the fea, and Loch when well manured with fea weed. Nabee, about 3 miles in circumference, The land is tilled with great induftry, furrounded with an extenfive and being all turned over with the cafcroln, thriving plantation, belonging to the or crooked fpade ; and the clods are Earl of Fife, and having a fmall ifland carefully broken with harrows. The alfo covered with wood. The only numerous bays of the ifland of Lewis river is the LoJJie, which communiafford great quantities of fhell fifh, cates with the lakes, and with them and the coalls are well adapted for contains pike and perch. In 1792, the white nfh and herring filheries, the population was 777; increafe 87 which are profecuted to great advan- fmce 1755. tage ; the rivers abound with trout ; a parifh in Lanarkand falmon. The land animals are fhire, united in 1660 to that of Quothhorfes, black cattle, fheep, goats, hogs, quon. It is nearly of the form of a and deer, all of which are of fmall fize. triangle,- extending 7 miles in length From the number of large -roots of from N. to S. and 4 in breadth. Totrees, which are every where dug up, wards the W. the furface is level, lying upon the banks of the Clyde, and it would appear that, in former times, the ifland had been clothed with having many haughs, which are overwood ; but there is now fcarce a tree flowed 10 or 12 times in the year-. to be feen, except in a fmall planta- The foil is a deep rich clay, which has tion of birch and hazel, in the neigh- been long cultivated, and yields good bourhood of Seafarth-boufe, the feat crops, without any manure than what

And ancient faith that knows no guile, And induftry embrown'd with toil, And hearts refolv'd, and hands prepar'd, The bleffings they enjoy to guard.

The moft remarkable one which

LHANBRYD,

LHAN3RYD

ANDREWS

LIBBERTON

tlB
it

LIF

fertilizing waters clay or fcbi/1 us, which contains a good:' towards the E. the fur- deal of copper ore, not in veins, but face is irregular ; for the moft part irregularly intermixed through the covered with heath, but in fome places ftone. In 1793, the parifh contained fufceptible of cultivation. It is water- 3457 inhabitants; increafe 664 fince ed by the two branches of the river 1755Li chart a lake in Rofs-fhire, on Metbven, which unite and fall into the Clyde in this parifh. The only hill the borders of the parifh of Gairloch, or Suothquo?i-la<w, about 4 miles in length, and from half is Couthboanlaw, which rifes 600 feet above the level of a mile to one mile in breadth. On the Clyde. From the remains of anti- each fide there is a ridge of hills coquity in the neighbourhood of the vered with oak and birch wood, the fmall village of Libberton, it appears cutting of which fome years ago fold to have been a place of conhderable for 360I. It difcharges itfelf by a river importance in former times. On the of the fame name, which joins the S. and E. it has been defended by a Conon, and with it pours its waters foffe and dyke, which may yet be dis- into the Frith of Cromarty. Liddal ; a river in Roxburghshire* tinctly traced ; and there are vaults and concealments in feveral places. About which runs in a direction from N. Ei a quarter of a mile to the S. are vef- to S. W. forming the boundary with tiges of a ftrong encampment, com- England for 4 or 5 miles, till it joins municating with that near the village. the b'fk feveral miles before that river The Freeftone is the only mineral of value. falls into the Solway Frith. In 1790, the population was 708 ; in- fcenery on its banks is highly pidturefque, and exhibits the richeft procreale 42 fince 1755. LIBERTON; a parifh of Mid- fpecls of the windings of the river, Lothian, lying about a mile S. of the the fine rich holms on every fide, and It contains 4140 acres, coppices of natural wood and thriving metropolis. which are very fertile, and, owing to plantations, which every where vary the vicinity of the city, are rented the landfcape. The celebrated Dr-

derives

from the
:

of the Clyde

high. There are 4 villages, viz. Gilmerton, containing 755 inhabitants; Kirk Liberton, in which the church is

a native of the parifh of Caftletown, through which it runs f thus celebrates its beauties in his lituated ; Nether Liberton, and Over claffic poem on " Health." or Upper Liberton. There are 2 fmall Such the dream, rivulets, which fupply 8 mills, behdes On vvhofe Arcadian banks I fi'rft drew air. a considerable bleachfield. Craigmil- Liddal, till now, except in Doric lays, lar-cajlle, a favourite reiidence of Queen Tun'd to her murmurs, by her love-fick Mary, is fituated on a fmall riling fwains, ground, about 360 feet above the level Unknown in fong; tho' not a purer ftream of the fea. It has a moft venerable Through meads more flow'ry more romantic groves, appearance, and the view from the
t

Armstrong,

In this Rolls t'vvard the weftern main. Hail, fais moft delightful. cred flood parifh are the feats of the two oldeft families of Mid-Lothian ; the Lords May ftill thy hofpitable fwains be bleft Somerville, and the Wauchopes of In rural innocence ; thy mountains ftill Niddry Mar/hall; the former having Teem with the fleecy race thy tuneful woods acquired the eftate of Drum, by marever flourifh, and thy vales look gay riage in 1375, ftill poffefs it ; and the For With painted meadows, and the goldeii latter has had a feat in the parifh for grain. nearly 450 years. At Gilmerton, there
j

windows

are above 20 feams of coal, from %\ to 10 feet thick ; 5 or 6 of them are working. The limeftone quarries are alfo very extenfive; thofe of Gilmerton yielding 70,000 bolls, and the others upwards of 30,000 bolls per annum, The rocks of CraigmiHar hill are but, on the S. tfhiefly freeftone fids thsre is a ftratum of indurated
;

Book TIL

LIDDISDALE
j

diftrict in

Rox-

burghihire, watered

by the Liddal,

and comprehending the fouthern anThe country is gle of the county. wild and mountainous, admitting of little cultivation, and chiefly appropriated to fheep pafture. LIFF ; a parilh in Forfarfhire, united.

W.

LIL
to Benvie,
rifhes are
in

LIN
The
united pa-

1758.

about 3 miles in length, and nearly the lame in breadth. The furface rifes with an eafy afcent from the Tay, except towards the S. W. where it joins to the parifh of Dundee. The higher grounds form a ridge, ftretching obliquely in a direction from E. to W., and behind is an extenfive tract of muir, where there are fome plantations, but no marks of cultivation. The muir is bounded by the water of
Dicbiy,

Agriculture has been greatly nure. improved, chiefly by the example and exertions of Sir John Buchannan Riddel, one of the greateft proprietors. The village of Lillies-Leaf is fituated on the great road from E. to W. through the S. of Scotland, and contains upwards of 400 inhabitants. Bid*
is the feat of the family of Riddel, fuppofed to be one of the moft ancient families of the kingdom. In 1793, the population was 630 ; increafe 109

del

which

rifes

in the parifh

of fince 17.55.

Lundie, and runs

S.

and E. through

LIMEKILNS;
and

the valley of Strathmartin. There are 2 other ftreams which unite near In~vergowrie, at which place they fall into the Tay. The arable foil is partly a light loam, and partly clay : the crops are wheat, oats, barley, &c. and are generally luxuriant. There are feveral villages, viz. Locbeye, Millkoujl', Liff, Bewvie, and Ini'ergowrie : the latter is noted as the fite of the firft Chriftian church erected on the N. fide of the Tay. Here, alfo, was a royal palace, built by Alexander I. which, however, he did not long occupy for, having narrowly efcaped from a confpiracy, to murder him in his new refidence, ue, in gratitude for his efcape, founded the church of Scone, and made over to it his palace and lands of Invergowrie. Lundiehoufe, the -feat of Lord Vifcount Duncan, and the houfe of Gray, the feat of
;

a confiderable village fea port in Fifefhire, feated en

the coaft of the Forth, in the parifh of Dunfermline, noted for the great lime works belonging to the Earl of Elgin. The harbour is excellent, admitting with eafe, at ftream tides, vefIn 1796, the fels of 300 tons burden. town contained 658 inhabitants.. Lindores (Loch); a lake in Fifefhire, in the parifh of Abdie ; about 1 mile in length, and -| of a mile in breadth. Its banks abound with rich fcenery, which is further heightened by the romantic appearance of the old abbey of Lindores, and the manfion-houfe of old L>:idores, from which the family of Leflie formerly took the title of Baron. ; a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, belonging to Invernefs-fhire, and the diltritf: of North Uift. It is noted for its abundance of black cattle

LINGAY

are beautifully fituated, and deer. and furrounded with plantations and of KIRKALDY ; a policies laid out in the beft manner. long ftraggling village or fuburb, adIn the neighbourhood of Lundie-houfe, joining to that burgh, but lying in the was lately difcovered a fubterraneous parifh of Abbot' s-hall.

Lord Gray,

LINKTOWN

building, containing feveral different compartments ; the ftructure of which is very rude, and the walls are put to-

LINLITHGOWSHIRE, or WEST LOTHIAN, is of an irregular figure,

gether without mortar. There was formerly diftincl veftiges of a Roman encampment, which the plough has of late entirely defaced. Freeftone abounds and there are feveral quarries of gray flate in the parifh. In 1793, the number of inhabitants was 1790 ;
;

increafe 479 fince 1755. LILLIES-LEAF ; a parifh

in

approaching to a parallelogram ; about 20 miles long from E. to W. and from 10 to 13 broad from N. to S. ; bounded on the N. by the river Forth ; on the E. and S. E. by the river Amond, which feparates it from Mid-Lothian on the S. W. by Lanarkshire, and on the W. by the fmall river Avon, which forms the boundary the with the county of Stirling. It is one
;

county of Roxburgh, 5^ miles in length, and from \ to 2 miles in breadth containing between 7000 and 8coo acres. The foil varies, being partly alight fand, partly a rich loam, and clay. There are 2 marl pits, which fupply the country with excellent ma;

of the richeft counties in Scotland, the foil being generally a rich loam, highly improved, and well cultivated.

with by gentle fwells, and fertile plains and the number of elegant feats, which everv where meet
Its

furface

is

finely diverfified

hill

and

dale,
;

Rr

LIN
the eye, gives it a very rich and de" The country lightful appearance.

LIN
Stirling/'

between Queensferry and

of bafaltic rock, exhibiting in feme places regular bafaltic columns. The valued rent of the county is ftated at
land rent
ling.

LINLITHGOW; a royal borough, and chief town in the county of Weft and ancient towers, decorate each Lothian, to which fhire it gives its bank of that fine expanfe of water, name. It confifts of one ftreet, about the Frith of Forth; while the bufy three quarters of a mile in length from fcenes of commerce, and rural econo- E. to W. with bye-lanes. About the my, are no fmall additions to fcenes middle it is contracted and gloomy ; of ftill life. The lofty mountains of but, towards each end, it becomes the Highlands form a diftant, but au- more fpacious many of the houfes have a mean appearance, and are ruinguft boundary toward the N. W. and the eaftern view is enlivened with ous ; but feveral have been lately reBut, while Linlithgow wants fhips perpetually appearing or vanifh- built. ing, amid the numerous iflands." Of that elegance and regularity which the feats which ornament this quarter. diftinguifhes modern towns, it pofBopetoun-houfe, the refidence of the fefies a variety of objects, which canEarl of Hopetoun, is pre-eminent for not fail to imprefs the mind of an attentive obferver, with an idea of its its extent, magnificence, and beauty
: ;

fays a late celebrated tourift," is not to be paralleled for the elegance and variety of ;ts profpects. The whole is a compofition of all that is great and beautiful : towns, villages, feats,

74,931!. 19s. 2d. Scots, and the real is eftimated at 44,3301. fter-

Bambougle-cafle, the feat of the Earl of Rofeberry ; Caldcr-houfe, the feat of Lord Torphichen ; Craigie-ball, the feat of the hon. Mr. Hope ; Duniastaftle, the feat of General Pandas, are alio elegant manfions ; befides many others, the catalogue of which would be too extenfive for our work. Linlithgowihire contains 2 royal boroughs,
viz.

Linlithgow, and Queensfer-

and the fmall towns of Borrowsiownefs or Bo-nefs, Bathgate, and KirkHJitnun. It is divided into 13 parochial diftricls, containing in 1790-8, according to the ftatiftical returns to Sir J. Sinclair, 17,570 inhabitants, being an increafe of 741 fince 1755. Linlithgowihire is but fcantily fupplied with running water, the Avon and Almond being the only ftreams which deferve notice : this circumftan.ee is held out as an infurmountable objection to the projected canal from the water of Leith, weftward to the Clyde. It abounds with many valuable minerals, particularly coal, limeftone, and lead ore ; and, in the time of James VI. a vein cf lead ore was discovered, fo rich in filver, that it was efteemed of fufficient value to be wrought for the Ironftone is found in alfilver alone. moft every parifh ; and thi3 mineral is wrought to a great extent in the In many places parifh of Bathgate. there are volcanic appearances, efpecially in Dundas hill, in the parifh of Dalmcny, where there is a bold front
;

ry

ancient grandeur. Amongft thefe, are the magnificent ruins of its royal palace; the venerable church adjoining; the grand terrace on which both edifices are erected ; the beautiful lake ; the lofty trees, and iheltered avenues; and the plantations fcattered over the pleafure grounds of the ancient palace. The chief manufacture is leather and fhoe-making ; the former of which employs about 50, and the latter 100 perfons : the woollen trade is alfo carried on to a confiderable extent; and, about a mile from town, a bleachfield and printneld, on a large fcale, has been
eftablifhed,

which employs from 200

Though the time that Linlithgow became a royal borough cannot be exactly afcertained, it certo 300 perfons.
tainly exifted in that capacity as early
as the reign of David I. ; for, at that time, it was conftituted by ad: of parliament one of the principal burghs of the kingdom ; and, fince that period, it has received feveral charters, which were confirmed in 1540, by a writ of novodamus from James V. by which the government of the burgh was vefted in a provoft, 4 bailies, a dean of guild, a treafurer, 12 merchant counfellors, and the deacons of the 8 incorporated trades. Linlithgow was anciently a place of great trade and opulence, and had firft the harbour of Blacknefs, and afterwards Queensferry, affigned to it as its port but, when the Union took place, it

LIN
declined in every refpect.
lace, built

LIN
The Patheir concern in the rebellion of 1715, all thefe honours, and their e dates, were forfeited to the crown ; and the

tion,

on the fite of a Romari ftaforms a fquare, with towers at the corners, and ftands on an emi- King granted them to the family of It Hamilton. The parifli of Linlithnence to the W. of the town. was one of the nobleft of the royal gow is about 5 miles in length, and refidences and, even in ruins, it ex- 3 in breadth, containing 7600 Scots towards the S. the forface is hibits the mod. majedic appearance. acres It was greatly ornamented by James hilly and mountainous, 2nd the foil a V. and one fide of the fquare was en- cold clay, and, on that account, bettirely built by James VI. and kept in ter adapted for pafture than tillage ; good repair till 1746, when it was ac- the N. and E. is a light dry foil, exThe whole is in cidentally fet on fire by the royal fol- ceedingly fertile. diers, who had been accommodated general well -cultivated, and iurroundwith lodgings in the hall. The other ed and fheltered with ftripes of plantCacklerue- the higheft rifing land fides of the fquare are far more an- ing. cient, with long halls and galleries on the W. is elevated about 500 feet communicating with the rooms in above the level of the fea ; and, oppoone of thefe, on 8th December, 1542, fite to it, on the E. is Blnny Craig, nearly of the fame height. Coal might was born the unfortunate Q. Mary her father, James V. then dying of a be found in feveral parts of the pariih, broken heart for his misfortunes at but no pits are at prefent wrought. Solway mofs, predicted the miferies Freeftone is fcarce, but there is plenty which hung over her and Scotland of limeftone, of excellent quality. " the kingdom," faid he, "came with Copper ere has been found in one a lafs, and it will be loft with one." place ; and in the fouthern extremityIn one of thefe apartments alfo, James is a filver mine, which, it is faid, was IV. faw the apparition that warned wrought to great advantage in former him of his impending fate at the bat- times ; but it is either nowexhaufted, tle of Flowden. One of the houfes in or the right vein has not been difcothe ftreet, is pointed out as the place vered. As connected with this parifti, from whence the regent, Murray, was we may mention Rob Gibb, of facemot by Hamilton of Bothwell-haugh. tious memory: he acted as buffoon to On the N. fide of the high-ftreet, al- James V. and, being on one occafion rnoft adjoining to the palace, Hands permitted to perfoliate the foverdgn, St. Michael's church, the age of which gave a pointed reproof to the courtiis unknown it is a noble piece of ers, who urged their refpective claims Gothic architecture, with a fine fpire, to royal favour, by declaring that he ornamented with the figure of an im- had always ferved his mader for Jiark perial crown. The town-houfe is alfo Iwve and kindnefs. Ke received from an elegant building, erected in 1668 that monarch the lands of Weiler and immediately oppofite to it is the Canniber, near the burgh, which were crofs well, built in 1620, with 8 fpouts enjoyed by his defcendents even in of water from grotefque figures, and the lad century ; and the original alfo ornamented at top with an im- charter is faid to be ftj.ll extant. In perial crown. In the town alfo, there 1793, the population of the parim of were convents of Carmelites and Do- Linlithgow was 3221 ; decreafe 75 minicans, and an hofpital dedicated to fince 1755. St. Mary Magdalen. It is didant about Linnhe' (Loch) ; an arm of the 16 miles W. of Edinburgh, and, in fea, which feparates the counties of 1793, contained 2282 inhabitants; it Invernefs and Argyll extending in a ranks as the fixth among the Scottifh N. eafterly direction from the found burghs, and joins with Lanark, Sel- of Mull, as far as Fort William, where kirk, and Peebles, in fending a repre- it takes a northerly direction, and ac; : : : : ; ; ;
;

quires the name Locbiel. It gives name family of Livingftone, who took to another branch, in a S. eafterly dithe title of Earl from this place, were rection, called Loch Leven, on the hereditary keepers of the palace, bai- banks of which is the celebrated fiate liffs of the royal demefne, and con- quarry of Ballychelifh. The ftreara stables of Blacknefs-caftle j but, by of Coxa, after running through the ce
fentative to the Imperial parliament.

The

r z

LIN
lebrated vale of Glencoe, runs into Loch Lcven. The fituatioa of this lake is

L
TRATHEN.

V
Vide Glen-

LINTRATHEN.

extremely beautiful, bounded on each fide by lofty mountains, which rear their rocky, weather-beaten fummits above the clouds ; indeed, the whole exhibits the molt complete example of rude mountain fcenery. The ifland of Lifmore lies in the mouth of Loch Linnhe, and there are feveral fmaller iflands interfperfed through it. The gravel, on the fides of the loch, is
chiefly of granite,

; a village in the parifli of Kilbarchan, in Renfrewfhire ; built to accommodate the labourers at the extenfive cotton mill erecting at this place. The number of peribns employed at the mill, in 1794, was only about 100 ; but, when the whole is complet *d, the number required will be upwards of 1800.

LINWOOD

which constitutes

the bulk of the furrounding mountains. a parifh in the coun; ty of Peebles ; containing about 25 fquare miles. It lies amongft the hills which border with Edinburghfhire, and is watered by the rivers Lyne and North Efk. The furface is generally mountainous ; but the banks of the

an ifland of the ; brides, belonging to Argylilhire, fituated at the mouth of the great

LISMORE

LINTON

Heand arm

of the fea called Loch Linnhe. It is about 10 miles long, and from 1 to 2 miles broad, and lies entirely upon a limeftone rock, and the furface is rugged and uneven. The foil is a rich fine loam, formed from the limeftone, and is extremely fertile. It was anciently

the feat of the biihop of Argyll (who was from that circumftance frequently named Epifcopus Lifmorenjis), and a great part of the cathedral remains, the chancel of which is ufed as the parilh church, The walls of the bifhop's caftle remain pretty entire, 4 miles W. from the cathedral. There are feveral veftiges of fortified camps, and an old caftle with a foffe and draw-bridge, faid to have been erected by the Danes. In 1790, Lifmore contained 1121 inhabitants. LISMORE and APPIN ; an united In drive very weighty machinery. 1 790, the population was 928, of which parilh in Argyllshire, extending 63 miles in length, by 10, and in fome number 351 refidedin the village. a pariih in the county places by 16, in breadth. It is inter; of Roxburgh ; about 9 miles long by fered by feveral confiderable arms of 3 broad. The furface is finely diver- the fea, and comprehends the diftricts of Airds, Strath of Appin, Durror, lified, and the climate is milder than many of the adjacent diftricts: the foil Glencreran, Glencoe, Kingerloch,and varies confiderabiy ; on the banks of the ifland of Lifmore ; (vide Appin In 1790, the poputhe Kale water, which hounds it on and Glencoe.) there is a fine haugh of 300 lation, as ftated in the report to Sir the acres, which has a deep rich clay foil, John Sinclair, was 3526 ; increafe 714 but is liable to be inundated by the fince 1755, notwithftanding numerous, From this plain the ground emigrations. rivers. a parifh in LITTLE ; rifes gradually, and the foil becomes a red fandy loam, highly fertile ; of Perthfhire. VideDuN keld (Little.) Livet ; a fmall river in Banfffluie, this one third is arable, and the remainder feeds annually about 3000 which is a tributary ftream of the fheep. Agriculture is well conducted, men. It gives the name of Glenli'vet and the turnip hufbandry is followed to the diftriet through which it runs, with great advantage. Park, the refi- which i6 a barony in the family of the dence of John Pringle, Efq. of Clifton, Earl of Aboyne. a parifh in the ; is an elegant manfion, pleafantly fituated in the center of an extenfive po- county of Linlithgow ; about 5 miles licy. In 1790, the population returned in length, and from a mile to a mile to Sir John Sinclair was about 383 ; and an half in breadth} containing
rivers poffefs

about 900 acres, which

are highly fertile, and fufceptible of The principal attention cultivation. of the farmer is directed to fheep farming, for which the country is much better adapted. Freeftone, limeftone, and coal, are found in various places, and there are feveral extenfive beds of excellent marl. The village of Linton is finely fituated for a woollen manufactory, lying in a fine fheep country, in the neighbourhood of lime and coal ; and the water of Lyne could

LINTON

W.

DUNKELD

LIVINGSTONE

decreafe 30 fince 1755.

LO
nearly 4000 acres, ble and enclofed.
all

C
of which
is

LOG
ara-

he was to

general inclined to clay, with a tilly bottom, which renders draining an effential part of bulinefs in farming. Agiiculture has improved greatly within thefe 30 years, chiefly by the example and influence of Sir William
foil is in

The

Cunni gham of Livingjlone, and Mr. Moncrieff of Blackburn, the two only
refiding heritors.
lation

In 1798, the popufince

was 420; decreafe 178

;

1755-

Loch

name

applied to innu-

merable lakes

in Scotland, as well as

to the numerous arms of the fea with which the weftern coaft is indented
;

as Loch

Lomond, Lock Leve?i, Loch and Loch Fjne, Loch Long, &c. Vide Lomond, Leven, Tay, Fvne, &c.
Taj, &c.
;

LOCHABER
nefs-fhire,
;

a diftrict of Inver-

bounded on the E. by Badenoch on the S. by Athol, Ranrjoch, and Argyllfhire on the W. by Moidart and on the N. by the lakes and rivers which occupy the middle
; ;

upon this the Prince became warm, and began to reproach him with ingratitude to his fovereign, and a breach of his honour This was the true key to the chieftain's fpirit he immediately took leave of his family in the moft affecting manner, declaring that he would follow the Prince's fortunes to the laft, though he well foreiaw their difaftrous termination. a parifh on the ; The inhabited coaft of Rofs-ihire. partis computed to be 20 miles long, and 5 broad. The general appearance is hilly, but not lo mountainous as the other diftricts in the neighbourhood. On the coaft the foil is rich, and a great part of it lies on a bed of limeftone the hills fupport about 3000 black cattle, 2000 fheep, and 1000 goats. Lochalfh enjoys many advantages for profecuting the filheries, being furrounded on 3 fides by the fea, and containing numerous fafe harbours. In 1793, the population was 1334; increafe 721 fince 1755.
ill

prepared

LOCHALSH

W.

of Glenmore-na-Z/a/aoin. It is perhaps one of the molt dreary, mountainous, and barren diftriets in Scotland ; is very thinly inhabited, and the habitations are the moft wretched that can be fuppofed. The chief produce of the country is black cattle, for which it has been long famed ; thefe are in general fold to the Englifh graziers and drovers, feveral of whom vifit it annually to purchafe the herds. The
are covered with innumerable flocks of fheep. The only cultivated lands to be feen, are around the huts, where a few acres of oats and barley are raifed. This diftrict is
hills alfo

Lochar Moss ; an extenfive tract of mofs in Dumfries-fhire, 12 miles in length by 2 or 3 in breadth ; extending down to the Solway Frith, and divided into 2 parts by the Lochar water, which winds through it. There is a faying common in the neighbouring country, that this tract was
Firfl:

wood, and then

a fea

Now
Oak,
latter

a mofs,

and e'er will be.

fir,

birch,

and hazel trees (the

with nuts and hufks), are every where dug up ; and a ftratum of fea land is found at certain depths, with anchors, pieces of veffels, &c. which noted for Bancho, its gallant Thane, prove that it has formerly been naviwho was murdered in 1050 by Mac- gated. In 1785, after a very dry fumbeth, becaufe of a prophecy, " that mer, the mofs was accidentally fet on his pofterity lhould enjoy the crown fire, and burnt to a great extent, till for a long feries of years," which has fortunately it was extinguiihed by a fmce been fulfilled for, Fleance his heavy fall of rain. fon flying into England, married the Lochar Water, which runs daughter of the Prince of Wales, by through Lochar mofs, is in general awhom he had Walter, afterwards the bout 25 feet broad, and fo much on a Steward of Scotland, the anceftor of level, that it has only a defcent of 11 the royal family of Stuart. It was in feet in its courfe of upwards of 12 this diftrict that the Pretender erected miles. It contains pike, perch, trout, his ftandard, in 1745, having landed and eel pikes have been caught that from France with 7 officers, and arms weighed more than 20 pounds. Otfor 2000 men. He immediately, on his ters alfo frequent the river. It ran* landing, applied to Cameron of Loch- into the Solway Frith, about 2 miles eil, who entreated him to abandon for E. from the town of Dumfries. the prefcnt an enterprife for which
;
:

LOG
LOCHBROOM
;
j

LOC

a parifli in Rofs- It is about 30 miles in length, and fhire, fo named from an arm of the from 6 to 20 in breadth, exclufive of It is of an ir- a diftrict belonging to it 5 miles in fea which interfects it. regular figure ; and it is computed to length, which is annexed quo adj'acra be 36 miles long, and 20 broad. The to the parifh of Inveraray. It lies along greater part conlifts of wild unculti- the weftern coaft of Loch Long, revated mountains and hills, covered ceives its name from the local fituawith mofs and heath ; which, how- tion of the church, at the head of ever, afford good pafture to numerous Lochgoil, a fmall arm of the fea, herds of black cattle, and flocks of which runs off in a N. W. direction fheep. There is a confiderable extent from Loch Long ; and it is bounded of fine arable land, chiefly on the coaft on the W. by Loch Fyne. The furface and in the ftraths, formed by rivulets in general is very rugged fome of the which pour from the high lands to mountains, which form the weftern the ocean the arable foil is (hallow, extremity of the Grampians, being but tolerably fertile upon the whole, fituated in this diftricl ; particularly the furface is agreeably diverfified with Bein-una, Bein-an-lochain, Bein~lubhain y hill and dale, wood and water, corn &c. which are all of the fecond order and grafs. Ullapool, one of the villages of the Scottifh hills. Thefe are ineftablifhed by the Britifh Society, is terfperfed with huge rocks and preciin this parifh ; and there are 2 other pices, and, till of late, were clothed fifhing ftations, one at IJle Martin, 5 with a covering of black heath ; but, miles N. of Ullapool, and another at fince the introduction of fheep pafIJle Tanera, a mile N. of IJle Martin. ture, they begin to exhibit the appearBefides the harbour of Ullapool, the ance of verdure. The coaft is well whole coaft is indented with numer- cultivated, and its produce amply reous fafe bays. There are 5 proprie- pays the farmer for the labour he betors, but Mr. Mackenzie of Dundon- ftows on it. The parifh contains about tiel, is the only refiding heritor. The 26,500 fheep, 2120 head of black catruins of many fortifications are di- tle, and 180 horfes. There are many ftinctly feen. In 1793, the population caves amongft the mountains; fome of was 3500 ; increafe 1289 fince 1755. which are of great extent, and have a parifh in been ufed as places of concealment, Rofs-fhire, fituated on an arm of the when predatory incurfions rendered weftern ocean, into which the river the lives and property of the inhabitCarron falls. It is upwards of 14 miles ants infecure. There are 3 ftrong caflong, and 5 or 6 broad, and is a beau- tles; Dunduram/j, Ardkinlafs, and Cartiful Highland country. The arable rick ; the latter is the place of greateft foil is fertile ; partly clay, and partly antiquity, nothing remaining but the fand but the climate is wet and rainy, walls, and thefe are far from entire. which renders the feafons |very back- It was a royal refidence, and the faward. There is a good falmon fifhing mily of Argyll are heritable keepers. Upon the Carron. At the Ferrytown Ardkinlafs is a ftrong building, lately of Strom are the remains of a caftle, repaired, and is the refidence of Sir anciently the property of the Mac- Alexander Campbell of Ardkinlafs, donnels of Glengary : there are the Befides the collection of houfes aremains of 2 other buildings, at To- round the church, there is a fmall vilmaclare, and at Lagadum. Lochcarron lage at Cairndoiv, at the head of Loch has produced feveral excellent Gaelic Fyne, in which is an excellent inn, poets, particularly the three Macken- ferving as a ftage betwixt Arroquhar zies ; fome of whofe poems are to be and Inveraray. The rocks are chiefly found in Macdonald's collection. In muirftone ; and fpars of great variety 1793, the population was 1068 ; in- of forms are often found. There is creafe 297 fince 1755. fome granite and jafper ; and limeLOCHGELL1E ; a village in the ftone is found in feveral quarries. parifh of Auchterderran, in Fifefhire, There is a vein of lead ore, very rich in filver, at the head of Loch Fyne, containing about ^50 inhabitants. LOCHGOIL-HEAD ; a parifh in which has never been wrought. In Argyllfhire, in the diftfict of Cowal, 1790, the population was 1012; deunited to the parifh of Kilmorich. creafe 493 fince 1755.
j
j [ 1 ,

LOCHCARRON;

LOC
LOCHLEE;
fituated
a parifh in Forfar fh ire,

LOC
inhabitants.

The

parifh extends along

amongft the Grampian moun- the banks of the Annan about 10 miles tains, and furrounded by them on all in length, and is about 3 in breadth. fides, except towards the E. The in- There are about 7 or 8 fmall lochs habited part extends 8 miles in length, and 3 fmall rivers, the Ae, Kinnel, and and 4 in breadth ; but the pafture and Dryfe, which run into the Annan. wafte lands make it ia miles long, and The foil is exceedingly rich, and the 6 broad. The hills are for the mod whole is arable, though not wholly in part fteep, rocky, and covered with tillage. There is a valuable falmon heath and even the valleys are co- nfhing on the Annan ; and the other vered with heath, the cultivated land rivers abound with trout. The largeft excepted, the extent of which is in- of the lochs, called the Cajlle Loch, con fiderable ; and the foil is thin and contains 15 or 16 different kinds of light, generally on a bottom of gravel, fifh fit for the table ; amongft which, intermixed with ftones. About 9200 there is a fpecies which is fuppofed flieep, and 6co black cattle, are fed to be found no where elfe in Britain ; The principal branches it greatly refembles a fmall herring, in the hills. of the river North EJk, called the Lee, both in appearance and flavour, but the Mark, and the Tarf, have their is efteemed more delicate, and is calfource from lakes of the fame name led Vendace or Vendife ; and feveral atThe diftricT: formerly tempts have been made to tranfport in this parifh. belonged to the family of Lindfay, them to other lochs, but without fucwho had their refidence at In-vermark, cefs, as they are fo tender that they about a mile from the church, the die whenever touched. The barony walls of which only are {landing. The of Lochmaben, or the four towns (as it whole parifh is now the property of is called), is a fertile diftric~t, and is the hon. W. Ramfay Maule of Pan- held by the fame tenure as the crown mure. The rocks abound with lime- lands of Orkney and Shetland, viz. ftone, and a vein of lead ore has been udal, that is, without charter or feiztraced for feveral miles, in a direction in, the property being transferred fimnearly from E. to W. ; but it has not ply by delivery and pofleffion. The been found worth working. Popula- tenants hold, at a fmall rent, of the tion in 1793, 608; decreafe 78 fince Earl of Mansfield, as Lord Vifcount Stormont; and the transfer of proper1755LOCHMABEN ; a royal borough ty requires only to be inferted in the in the county of Dumfries, and dis- rental (which is done without extrict of Annandale ; of very ancient pence), to render the tranfaclion vaNear the town is the fite of an erection, faid to have received its char- lid. ter from King Robert Bruce, whofe old caftle, furrounded with a moat, paternal eftate was the lordfhip of which was the feat of Robert Bruce, Annandale it is certain that that Lord of Annandale, before he came to monarch prefented the borough with the crown of Scotland. On a peninfulands from his own eftate. The old- la., in the Cajlle Loch, is the largeft eft charter is a writ of novodamus by and ftrongeft fortification on the borKing James VI. dated 16th July, der next to Carlifle, againft which it
; ;

1 612 ; giving, as a reafon for the renewal, the inroads of the Englifh, who had plundered the town, and deftroyed its records. It has formerly been a place of confiderable opulence and trade, but has much decayed ; it ftill carries on a manufacture of coarfe linen cloth, to the extent of 60,000 yards annually, which is fold into England. It is governed by a provoft, 3 bailies, a dean of guild, treafurer, and 9 counfellors ; and unites with Annan, Dumfries, Kirkcudbright, and Sanquhar, in fending a representative to parliament. It contains about 700

was a frontier garrifon. It was built by Robert Bruce, and was efteemed
impregnable before the invention of gun powder. The Earl of Mansfield, as heir to Murray Earl of Annandale, claims the title of hereditary keeper and conftable of the caftle of Lochmaben. In 1790, the parifh contained 3000 inhabitants; increafe 1605 fince
1/5 5a parifh in the ; ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, of an elliptical form, i\ miles long by 3 broadThe lake from which it received its name, is fituated in the center ef the

LOCHRUTTON

LOG
a mile in length, and a- county of Renfrew ; forming a fquarc in the of about 6 miles. in breadth The furface is irmidft of it is a fmall artificial ifland. regular, rifing towards the N. to the The extremities are hilly, but the reft top of the Mijly Law, which is elevatof the pariih lies in a valley of arable ed 1240 feet above the level of the fea. the lower land, interfperfed with eminences, The foil is alfo various mofTes, and meadows. The fod is in grounds being either clay or ioam^ exgeneral a light mallow loam, on a gra- ceedingly fertile, and degenerating inveliiih bottom, neither very barren to a biackilh rrtuir as we approach the nor fertile : befrdes the ufual crops, a Mijly Law. There are 2 confiderable number of young cattle are reared, lakes, viz. Cajllefemple and ^ueeiiful'e which are fold for feeding into other lochs ; and the principal rivers are diftricts. Limeftone and ihell marl are the Calaer and the Black Car . Cn found in the pariih, but the former is the banks of the lakes and the rivers, of inferior quality. There is a miner- there is a confiderable extent of natual fpring, called thcMerkland well, a ral wood and plantations. The village weak chalybeate, but of confiderable of Loc h w 1 n n oc H is fituated on the reputation in ftomachic complaints. lide of Cajllefemple loch, and is a conThe veftiges of a druidical temple are fiderable manufacturing place, its fifeen on a hill in the eaftern part of tuation is extremely favourable, being the pariih. The fpot is called the in the neighbourhood of coal, lime, Jeven gray Jlones, though in fact there and freeftone, and having an abundant are nine upright ftones furrounding fupply of fine fpring water. It has an eminence, and forming a circle of increafed very rapidly within thefe 50 1 70 feet diameter. There are alio vef- years, owing to the erection of 2 cottiges of ancient fortifications. In 1790, ton-fpinning mills, one of which emthe population was 520 ; decreafe 36 ploys 350, and the other 600 perfons. About a mile from it there is another fince 1 75.5 LOCHS ; a pariih in Rofs-fhire, in cotton mill, which employs 80 perand adjoining to it is an extenthe ifland of Lf.wis ; fo named from fons the great number of lakes which are live bleachfield. In 1793, the village interfperfed over its furface. it is a- contained 11 14 inhabitants. There is bout 19 miles in length, without in- a remarkable magnetic rock, about cluding the numerous inlets of the 2 miles from Cafiiefemple, by which fea, which extend its line of coaft to the compafs is ftrongly attracted, at upwards of 90 miles ; the average the diftance of 150 yards all round ; breadth is about 9 miles along the and, when held directly above it, the coaft it has a bold and rocky appear- needle becomes quite uniettled, and ance ; in the interior, the furface is the poles vary every fecond. in 1792, muiry and inhofpitable ; there is no the pariih contained 2613 inhabitants foil fit for culture, except what has increafe 1083 fince 1755. Loc h y (Loch) ; a lake in Inverbeen forced into fome kiad of cultivation in the creeks by the ufe of fea nefs-fhire, about 14 miles long, and weed as a manure, and the indefatiga- from 1 to 2 broad. The river Archaig ble induilry of the inhabitants. About difcharges itfeif into it, and it empties 50 tons of kelp are manufactured an- itfelf by the river Lochy. The military nually ; and the greater number of road paiies along its banks, and about the inhabitants are constantly employ- the middle oi it is the ftage inn of ed in the fifheries on the coaft. The Letter bintay. Lochy River has its rife from the number of black cattle, above a year old, 1795, was 2488 ; of lheep 4000; lake of the fame name, in Invernefsand of holies 348. The Shiant or Holy fhire ; and, after a couiie of about 10 ijlamu, belong to this pariih ; (vide miles, difcharges itfelf into the fea bhiANT.) Population in 1795, 170S; near Tort William., withfuch rapidity and force, that it picicrves its itrearh increafe 501 fince 1755. a village in the., entire for a confiderable way, without pariih of Longforgan, in i'erthlhire'; any mixture or tafte of fait water. Its containing about 100 inhabitants. Near medium breadth is about 200 feet, it is the hill of Lochtov.a', elevated but in dry feafonsit is fundable iu many places. 11 72 feet above the level uf the lea.
parifh,

and

is

bout half a mile

LOCiiTQWN;

IfcOCLTVXNNGCHj

a pariih ia the

LOG
a lake in Braidalbin, in Perthfhire, which difcharges itfelf by a river of the fame name into Loch Toy. The river is about 1 2 miles in length, and gives name of Glenlocky to the vallev through which it runs. a confiderable market and poft town, in the parifh

LOG
ed by David
147, in buried.
1
I. King of Scotland, ia which King James III. was

Lochy;

Nigh to

this is the

Abbey-*

LOCKERBIE;
in the

rock of confiderable height, on the top of which are the remains of a battery, faid to have been erected in Oliver Cromwell's time, when he
craig, a
laid

fiege

to

the caftle

of Stirling.

of Dry'sdale,
fries.

county of

Dum- From

It is pleafantly fituated on the Annan, about 3 miles above the point where the Dryfe empties itfelf into
; it confifts of one regular about half a mile in length, running from N. to S. and another about a quarter of a mile long, going off at right angles towards the E. ; it contains about 150 houfes, 80 of which have been built within thefe few years and the parifh church of Dry'sdale, feated on an eminence, at the head of

that river

itreet,

fummit of the hill of Lhtnmyatt, which rifes in a conical fhape from the plain, is to be feen part of 12 counties. The fcenery from this hill, and the Abbey-craig, is varied and beautiful. Mr. M'Niel, in his poem of the Links 0' Forth," thus
the
defcribes
it

grander far than Windfor's brow

too, the vale

And fweeter, Whar Forth's

below

unrivall'd windings flow

Through

varied grain,

Bright'ning, I ween, wi' glittering

glow

the principal ftreet, has a fine effect. It has 1 j well attended fairs ; at which, 'within the year, are fold to the English merchants upwards of 50,000 yards of linen and woollen cloth, and about 20,000 lambs. It lies 12 miles E. from Dumfries, 4 from Lochmaben, 16 from Moffat, and 12 N. from Annan. In 1793, it contained about

Strevlina's plain.

There, raptur'd trace (enthron'd on hie), The landfcape ftretching on the ee, Frae Grampians heights, down to the fea (A dazzling view), Corn, meadow, manfion, water, tree, In varying hue.

are fome appearances of filver and copper mines in the parifh ; fome Logan; a river in Lanarkfhire, of which have been wrought, but with which takes its rife in the hills which little advantage Ao the adventurers. feparate the parifhes of Lefmahagoe In 1792, the population was 1500 j and Muirkirk ; and, running eaftward decreafe 485 fince 1755. for 8 miles, joins the Neihan, which LOGIE; a parifh in Forfarfhire, has its fource in the fame mountains. formed by the union of the parifhes of LOGIE; a parifh in Fifefhire, about Logie and Pert ; is fituated on the i\ miles in length, and 1 in breadth ; North EJk river, and is of an oblong lying about midway betwixt Cupar fhape, 4 miles in length by 3 in breadth. and Woodhaven, the ferry to Dundee. The foil, on the banks of the river, is a The country is in general hilly, but deep clay, yielding, though uncultivatvery fertile ; one of the hills, Called ed, plenty of natural grafs. The highLuckla bill, is elevated to a consider- er grounds are partly light loam, and able height, and commands an exten- partly of a black muirifh caft, on A It contains 3860 a= five profpect of Fife, Perth, Angus, cold till bottom. and Mearns. In 1792, the population cres, of which 1850 are cultivated, 770 under wood, and the remainder wafte was 425 ; increafe 12 fince 1755. LOGIE ; a parifh fituated on the and uncultivated. There are 2 extenriver Forth, 2 miles N. of Stirling ; a- five bleachfields one on the eftate of bout 4 miles long, and 4 broad, and Logie, and the other on Craigo. Here

There

700 inhabitants.

nearly equally fituated in the counties of Perth, Stirling, and Clackmannan. One half of the parifh is a ftrong carfe foil, producing mod luxuriant crops ; the other half is dry field and hilly, and affords excellent pafture. On one of the peninfulas formed by the windings of the Forth, in this parifh, ftands the ruinous abbey of Gcmbujkenr.-eth i found-

are feveral-manfion houfes; of

which

Inglifmaldie, a feat of the Earl of Kintore, and Craigo, the feat of Mr. Carnegie, are the principal. Near Inglif-

maldie, is an eminence called Rofehill, the property of the Earl of Northefk, from which that family takes the fe-

cond

title

of Baron.

Limeftone of an

excellent quality,

was difcovered here

Ss

LOG
in 1780, and, fince that time, has been wrought to a great extent ; upwards of 48,000 bolls of lime being annually The Lanvs of Logie are 3 refold. markable eminences, on the road to Kincardinefhire ; two of which have been opened, and found to contain human bones and afhes. In 1790, the

LOG
The
arable land
is

number of fmall

hills,

interfperfed with a and large barren

muirs; a great many of which bear marks of former cultivation, but now produce nothing but a ftiort heath.

The
tile,

cultivated land is in general ferbut the ftate of agriculture is very far behind, owing chiefly to ths

only rending heritor a diftria in is Charles Gordon, Efq. of Blelack. There are 3 large cairns, and feveral Perthfhire, commonly called the Parish, being lately disjoined from druidical circles in the parifh. In the parifhes of Fonlis and Monzie, and 1790, it contained 1182 inhabitants j annexed quo ad facra to the parifh of dtcreafe 61 fince 1755. LOGIE-EASTER ; a parifh in the Monedie. It lies upon the N. bank of the river Amon, and is about 3 miles counties of Rofs and Cromarty ; exfquare, containing between 700 and tending 7 miles in I-ength, and in fome 800 fouls. The foil adjacent to the places rather more than 2 in breadth. river, is partly a light loam, and partly The furfaee is uneven, but by n gravelly ; on the rifing ground it be- means hilly ; and the arable foil varies comes a deep till, mixed with mofs. from a deep ftrong clay, to a light The hills abound with all kinds of loam : a confiderable part is uncultigame, and are divided into fheep walks. vated, which might be turned to good There are feveral remains of antiquity, account. There is a good deal of particularly 2 druidieai circks, and plantation, in a thriving condition, fome ruinous cafttes, near the Anion. and a fmall copfe of natural wood, On the borders of this diftridt, the 3 on the eftate of Ulladak. In 1790, the

population was 1000 ince 1755.

increafe

304

want of
enclofe.

leafes,

and encouragement to

The

LOGIE-AMON;

New

diocefes of St. Andrews, Dunkeld, and Dumblane, met; and tradition reports,

population was 1125

fince 1755.

increafe 275

that the 3 bifhops having vifited and perambulated their diocefes at the fame time, ufed to meet together at
this place*

a parifh in the diftridt from which it receives its appellation ; about 4 miles in length, and from i| to z\ in breadth ; divided into two parts by the river Tthan. The furface is pretty flat, with fome rifing grounds ; all of which are fufeeptible of cultivation. The foil in general is fertile ; but, what is Angular, it is 'more barren on the banks of the river, than in the other parts of the parifh. The Tthan is navigable with the tide for 3 miles up the country for fmall veffels, which is of material advantage to farmers, by fupplying them Auchmacoj, the reeafily with lime. fidence of Mr. Buchan, is the only In manfion of note in the parifh. 1791, the population was 538; decreafe 37 fince 175^. a parifh ; in Aberdeenfhire, in the diftrict of Cromar, lying at equal diftances from the rivers Dee and Don. It is about 6 miles in length, and 3^ in breadth.

LOGIE-BUCHAN;
in

Aberdeenfhire,

a parifh in Perth; of an irregular triangular form, occupying the point of land formed by the junction of the Tummel with the Tay, and about 7 miles in length on each fide ; but there are detached parts of the parifh which extend much farther. Not far from the church is an eminence, which commands a profpecl of the greater part of the parifh. The windings of the rivers; the vales the corn fields, and paftures on the fides of the hills ; the woodlands, in fome places extending to the edge of the banks of the rivers, and the diftant mountains in the back ground form together one of the richeft landfcapes that the eye can behold. Except where the woods approach the rivers, their banks are arable ; and much of the rifing ground is cultivatfhire,

LOGIERAIT

ed, where the declivities do not, by their fteepnefs, prevent the ufe of the

LOGIE-COLBSTONE

The hills are covered with heath, and afford excellent fheep palOf the whole extent, about ture. 3000 acres are arable, and nearly 1000 The village are covered with wood. of Logierait contains about 200 inhaplough.
bitants,

and

is

only noted for carrying

LOM
on
l"hc diftiliation

LOM
are feveral

of whifky to a con-

siderable extent.

There

Moan, There

Inclj-Lcanig, and Incb-Cruirr* are feveral others, but they are

remains of ancient religious edifices, and on the banks of the Tiunmel are the ruins of an old fortified cattle, faid to have been the refidence of Robert II. after he gave up the adminiftration of the government to his brother the Duke of Albany. Near it was found feveral ancient coins, parThe ticularly a medal of Trajan. rocks are chiefly compofed of mica-

ceous granite, interfperfed with

of limeftone.
fionally

ftrata

Petrified

wood

is

occa-

not remarkable, either for fize or any other circumflance. The depth of the in the fouthern lake is very various extremity it feldom exceeds 20 fathoms ; but, near the N. end, it is in fome places nearly 100 fathoms, which is probably the greateft depth of the The mod confiderable ftream lake. which runs into the lake is the Endrick, which falls into it on the S. E. and on the W. fide it receives the waters of the Uglas, the Lufs, the Fruin,
:

dug up from the moffes. In the Falloch, and other fmaller rivulets: it difcharges itfelf at its fouthern ex1 79 1, the population was a zoo ; detremity by the river Lei<j;i. which foils creafe 287 fince 1755. LOG1E-WESTER; a parifh in into the Frith of Clyde at Dumbarton. Rofs-fhire, united to the parifh of Ur- The natural woods, growing on its quhart. Vide Urquhart and Lo- banks and on its iflands, confift chiefly

cie-Wester.
a river in Rofs-fhire, which difcharges itfelf into Locb Long, an arm of the fea, which forms the northern boundary of the peninfula of Kin1

Lo g h

of oak, afh, holly, birch, mountain-aih, hazel, afpen, alder, yew, larix, hawthorn, and willows. The other indigenous plants are common to other parts of the Highlands but feveral are
;

tail.

Lomond
MOND.

found which are accounted rare. (Ben). Vide BEN-LO- It abounds with delicious trout, and the fouthern part of it abounds with
to be

Hillsj two beautiful conical hills in Fifefhire, fituated nearly in the center of that county, and vifible at a confiderable diftance. The Eaftern Lomond, which is the moil regular and beautiful, is about 1650 feet above the level of the town of
Falkland, which is fituated at its bafe. It feems to have been fortified ; and on its fummit is a fmall lake, which has the appearance of the crater of an extinct volcano: this hill contains limeftone and coal ; and a vein of lead has been lately opened, with great hopes of
fuccefs.
is

Lomond

The Weftern Lomond, which

considerably higher, has on its top a large cairn, or heap of loofe ffones. Lomond (Loch); a lake in Dumbartonfhire, which for its extent,' and the grandeur of its fcenery and profpecls, is undoubtedly fuperior to any This magnificent in Great Britain. cxpanfe of water is about 30 meafured miles in length, and in fome places exceeds 8 or 9 in breadth ; and its fmv face contains upwards of 20,000 acres of water. It has about 30 iflands fcattered over it, 1 1 of which are of conThe names of thefe fiderable fize. are Incb-Murln, Incb-Ta-vanacb, InchGrange, lncb-Tor, Incb-Caillaicb, Incb(Jfear, Inch-Fad, fycb-Conagan, Inch-

falmon. In feveral places are feen ruins of houfes under the furface of the Water, which would feem to (hew that the water is higher than it formerly was, and is confequently gaining upon the ground. Cambden alfo defcribes an ifland as exifting in his day, called Camjiradden, which is now covered with water to the depth of 2 or 3 fathoms. This rife is occafioned by the fand brought down by the mountain torrents, damming up the water near the mouth of the Leven, Some years ago, at the requeft of feveral of the neighbouring proprietors, Mr. Galborne furveyed the lake, in order to plan feme relief from the encroach? ment of the water he propofed to make a conftant navigation on the Leven, by deepening the channel, and cutting through a neck or two of its curvatures, which would give the wathis would be ter greater velocity the means of allowing the inhabitants, on the borders of the lake, to bring to market their flates, timber, bark, Sec. at all feafons. and to import coal and other neceffaries ; but alfo, by lowering the furface of the lake, would recover fome thoufands of acres of excellent land, now covered with the water. The common people in the Ss %
: :

LON
aeighbourhood fay, that Loch Lomond has been long famed for three wonders, viz. fijh without fins, waves ivithout <wind, and a floating ijland though, upon examination, none of Vithefe will be found ftrictly true. pers are faid to abound in fome of the iflands, and are fo far amphibious as to fwim from one to another. The fecosd wonder is by no means peculiar to this lake, but is obferved in all great expanfes of water, in a calm fucIn 1755, when Lifbon was thrown down by an earthquake, the waters of Loch Lomond were greatly agitated they rofe ra-

LON
region, feparating the counties of Argyll and Dumbarton. It is about 24 miles in length, and about its middle it fends off Loch Goil, a fmall branch, in a N. W. d*irec~tion. Upon both fides in Loch Lang and Loch Goil, the coaft is bold and fteep, and the hills high and craggy. Near the head of Loch Long, on the W. or Argyllfhire fide, is Ardgarten, the property of General Campbell of Strachur, the re? fidence of Captain Campbell of Ormadale, a moft pleafant fituation, and finely furrounded with wood. The loch is from 40 to 80 fathoms deep, and the fhore is covered with pebbles of quartz, granite, micaceous fchiftus, and red jafper. Shoals of herring frequent the loch, and afford employ-

ceeding a ftorm.

pidly feveral feet above the ufual level, and as rapidly funk feveral feet below it; continuing to ebb and flow for fome hours, when it again became calm. At prefent, no floating ifland exifts: but a fmall piece of ground, attached to the W. fide of Inch-Conagan, is faid to have floated about the furface of the lake. The whole fcenery

ment to numerous
ther
fifh

fifhermen.

The

o-

which frequent it are, cod, haddocks, whitings, &c. and fometimes falmon but, except a few individuals, no one pays attention to any
;

of Loch Lomond and its accompaniments, is highly delightful ; the banks clothed with natural wood ; fome of the iflands confift of pafture ground, broken here and there by dark patches of wood, while others difplay fteep and rugged hills, clothed with wood from their fummits to the water edge,
fo thickly tufted as to form (hades impervious to the rays of the fun. more charming iituation than the environs of this lake is not to be found in Britain; and? though feveral elegant villas are to be feen near the fouthern extremity, it feems furprifingjthat they are not more numerous, and that the

neighbourhood of the village of Lufs and the iflands, are not embellifhed with the feats of many gentlemen and
opulent merchants. " What a place," fays Dr. Johnfon, " would this be in the neighbourhood of London : the greater! ambition of the rich would be to poflefs an ifland, and ornament Situated even as it is, the mind, it." while it contemplates fcenery fo enchanting, fondly paints in idea a fociety of kindred fpirits inhabiting its happy ifles, and enjoying among each other " the feail of reafon, and the flow of the foul." Long, or Loung (Loch); an extenfive arm of the fea, which ftrikes off from the Frith of Clyde, firft in a N.j and afterwards in a N. E. di\

other fifhery than the herring. Long (Loch) ; an arm of the fea in Rofs-fhire, which forms the S, boundary of the peninfula of Kintail. a parifh in the ; Carfe of Gowrie, fituated in the S. E. corner of the county of Perth. Its greateft length is 7 miles, and its greateft breadth about 3^, and it contains 7000 acres. It is bounded by the river Tay on the S. for nearly 3 miles, which oppofite to it is 3 miles broad, leaving about a mile of dry fand at low water. The furface is irregular the fouthern boundary, on the river, toward the E. is bold and fteep, terminating in the rocky promontory of Kingoody: from this it gradually defcends into a level plain, which is bounded on the N, by the ridge of Sidlaiv hills, fome of which are within the bounds of the parifh. The foil is in general a rich clay, which, like the reft of the Carfe, is exceedingly fertile. Upon every eftate there are great quantities of growing timber, of all kinds of oak, afh, elm, Sec. many of the trees from 100 to 150 years of age ; and there are. about 600 acres of fine thriving plantations, from 30 to 40 years old. There are 5 orchards ; one, in particular, at Monorgan, reckoned the beft in the, Carfe for yielding fine fruit. The village of Longforgan is a long ftraggling town, on the road from Dundee to Perth, about 4 miles from the

LONGFORGAN

LON
former. It covers 23 Scots acres, and
is

LON
on the
riling

mineral, except marl and freeftone, has been found ; the latter, wrought ground which bounds the Carfe of at the quarry of Kingoodie, is perhaps Gowrie on the E., and commands a the belt in Britain. It is reported that fine profpect of the courfe of the river coal was formerly found, but by a late Tay for above 20 miles. It was erecl- trial no vein was difcovered ; the apjcd into a free burgh of barony by pearances, however, are fo flattering, Charles II. in 1672* in favour of Pa- that it is propofed to renew the fearch. trick Earl of Strathmore and King- In 1796, the population was 1.526; inhorn ; with power to elect and confti- crease 241 fince 1755.
beautifully fituated

a parifli in tute bailies, &c. and to have a weekly ; market, and 2 annual fairs ; the duties Berwickfhire, 12 miles long, and 6 and cuftoms of each to be levied by broad. Its furface is hilly, being in the
the proprietor. There is a new and elegant church, lately erected by Mr. Paterfon of Cajile-Euntly, who acquired the fuperiority of the village, when he purchafed the eftate of CaftleHuntly. In 1796, it contained 126 families, or 630 inhabitants. There are other 2 places, which may be called villages, viz. the village of Kingoodie, and a fmall hamlet near the hill of midft of the great Lammermuir ridge. It is moftly covered with heath, and fupports about 10,000 fheep. There are fome appearances of a rich copper ore, which has never been wrought. There are 2 beautiful conical hills, called the Dirrington Laws, which Populaare feen at a great distance. tion in 1801, 406; decreafe 46 fince 1790.

LONGFORMACUS

or ing is Cqfik-Huntly, the feat of George Vide Langholme. Paterfon, Efq. built on the top of a LONG-ISLAND ; a name applied rock, which rifes in the middle of the to that diftrict of the Hebrides which plain, and commanding one of the extends from the ifland of Lewis on moft extenfive and varied profpeels the N. to the ifland of Barray on that imagination can fancy. It is faid the S. ; comprehending Lewis, Harto have been built about the year ris, Benbecula, North and South Uift, 1452, by Lord Gray, and named in Barray, ice. Thefe appear to have honour of his lady, who was of the fa- been formerly united, as many of mily of Huntly. In 16 15, it came in- them are feparated by a channel, dry to the poffeffion of the Strathmore fa- at low water ; and the depth of the mily, who changed its name to Cajlle- foundings, between the other iflands, Lyon. In 1777, it was purchafed, along is much lefs than it is at a fmall difwith the eftate, by the prefent pro- tance. The principal paffage, from prietor, who has repaired it in the the E. to the W. fides of the Longmoft elegant manner, and laid out the IJIand, is by the found of Karris, in plantations and pleafure grounds in which there is obferved a remarkable the fineft modern ftyle. The gardens variation of the currents. Vide Harof Ca/ile-Huntly are in a particular ris (Sound of). manner deferving of notice, from their SIDE ; a parifli in Aberdeenextent and elegance. Drimmie-houfe, ftiire, in the diftricl of Buchan ; of an the feat of Lord Kinnaird, is alfo in irregular fquare figure, containing athis parifh ; but the buildings and po- bout 19 fquare miles. It is fo exceedlicies are far from being fit for the re- ingly level, that when the Ugie, which fidence of that noble family. Mylne- runs through it, overflows its banks, Jield, the feat of Mr. Mylne, is beauti- it lays almoft the whole parifli under fully fituated on a rifing ground, to water. woollen manufactory has the E. of the village. It is furrounded been lately eftablifhed, at the fmall with a great deal of young and old village of Nether Kirmundy, which emplanting, and commands a moft de- ploys about 45 perfons. The parifh lightful profpe<ft of the Tay, the diftant abounds with granite, fome of the fpehills of Fife, and the rich banks of cimens of which are very beautiful. In Gray and Lundie in Forfarfhire. There 1 79 1, the population was 1792; deare other 4 refident proprietors, whofe creafe 187 fince 17551 houfes are alfo elegant, but do not require particular notice. Hitherto no Vide Langtown.

Locbtown.

The moft remarkable build-

HOLME.

LONGHOLME,

LANG-

LONG

LONGTOWN.or LANGTOWN

LO
LONMAY
;

LOT
excellent red fpotted trout,

a parifh in Aberdeenfliire, about 10 miles long, and nearly 4 broad. The foil is various, but in general fertile, and well cultivated. It is feparated from the parifh of Crimond by the Loch of Strut hbeg, which abounds with trout. It is alfo watered by a confiderable branch of the Ugie. The fea coaft extends about 4 miles, with a fandy more. There are 2 confiderable fiihing villages on the eftate

fome of which have been taken weighing 4 lbs.

a village ia Morayfhire, in the parifh of Drainy, fituated at the mouth of the river Lojfie. It is a fea port town, belonging to the town of Elgin, from which it U diftant 6 or 7 miles. Except a floop, and feveral fifhing boats, no veffels belong to this place; but, from 40 to so veffels, on an average, annually enter the harbour, which has been made convenient to receive veffels of 80 ton? burden. In 1793, it contained about 180 inhabitants. in the county of ; a parifh Sutherland, extending along the coaft

LOSSIEMOUTH;

of Mr Gordon of Buthlaiv ; one of them is lately built, and contains nearly 150 inhabitants. Mr. Gordon has
lately built an elegant feat at Cairnefs,

and is laying out the pleafure grounds and plantations around it with great tafte. In 1791, the population was
1650; decreafe 24
or ; a diftrict in Argyllshire; about 30 miles in length, and 9 in breadth ; bounded on the E. by Braidalbin ; on the S. by Loch Etive, which feparates it from Knapdale ; on the by the ocean, and found of Mull; and on the N. by

LOTH

LORN,

LORNE

fince 1755.

W.

Lochaber and Moydart.

parted into
3 fubdivifions,

It

is

alfo

Mud, and South Lome ; but

called North thefe dif-

tinclions are imaginary, none of the limits being diftinclly marked. This
diftricl,

14 miles in length, and from \ to -f of a mile in breadth ; watered by the rivers Loth and Helm/dale, which fall into the ocean at this place. The a* rable foil along the coaft is fertile but the fyftem of agriculture, generally followed, is by no means calculated to make it produce the greateft crops more inland, the furface becomes elevated, and the hills are covered with a fhort black heath. The in ocoaft is in fome places rocky thers, a fandy beach, poffeffing feveral good harbours, where fmall veffels may
: ;

remains of Pictifh buildings ; and a number of cairns, on a field, are faid much and fertile diftricl: in Argyllshire. It to point out the place of a bloody enwas formerly the feat of the Pictifh gagement between the Caithnefs and government when Beregonium exifted Sutherland-men. There are quarries and here was the royal caftle of Dun- of limeftone and freeftone on the Jtaffnage, the chief relidence of the fhore, and fome detached blocks of Scottish kings, prior to the conqueft a very hard and beautiful granite : of the Picts by Kenneth II.; (vide there are feveral fmall feams of coal, BEREGONIUMandDuNSTAFFNAGE.) and in the fea are rocks of that mineIn the whole diftricl are found nu- ral, which are acceffible at low water. merous religous edifices, both druidi- In 1791, the population was 1370} cal and chriftian ; and there are the increafe 177 fince 1755. Loth ; a fmall river in Sutherlandremains of many ancient towers and fortified places. Lome gives title of fhire, which rifes in the interior of Marquis to the eldeft fan of the Duke the county, and, after a courfe of 15 or 16 miles, falls into the ocean in the of Argyll. L o s s 1 E ; a river in Morayfhire, parifh of the fame name. It is very which takes its rife in the parifh of rapid, and rifes very fuddenly after Edenkellie ; and, gliding through Dal- rain, often laying the whole diftricl: las, and by the royal borough of El- of Glenloth under water ; it falls into gin, falls into the feat of the town of the fea by a channel cut through a Loffiemouth, -ad miles from its fource. rock, 20 feet high, by Lady Jane GorIt is too fmall to be navigable beyond don, Countcfs of Sutherland, during its mouth, and its bed is too fandy to the minority of her fon ; by which be favourable for falmon ; yet feveral ufeful work many acres of low land fcore of falmon have been taken in a have been recovered from its channel. feafon at its mouth ; it abounds with ; an extenfive and ferrivers,
;
'

watered by many lakes and on the banks of which there is arable land, is the moft pleafant

lie in

great fafety.

There

are feveral

LOTHIAN

LOW
divided into 3 fhires, viz. East-Lothian, or Haddingtonshire; Mid-Lothian, or Edintile diftrict,

LUC
duced by thefe nations during their
(

now

intimacy with Scotland, while the crowns of England and of Scotland

a lake in Perth) ; the parifhes of Callander and Aberfoil. It is about 5 miles in length, and from half a mile to three quarIt takes its ters of a mile in breadth.
shire, in

or

burghshire; and West-Lothian, were diftinct. Lubnaig (Loch Linlithgowshire. Lothiangives

of Marquis to the noble family of Ker. a parifh in Ayrfhire, in the bailiewick of Cunningham ; about 9 miles in length, and from 3 to 7 in breadth, containing 10,000 acres, of which 7500 are arable. The foil in general is a deep loam, much improved with lime, and a fmall part is light and gravelly; the principal crops are oats, barley, and potatoes. In the uncultivated part there are about 2840 fheep. There are 4 villages, viz. ~Loudon (an earldom in the family of Campbell), New Milns, Derval, and Auldtown. The houfe of London, the feat of that family, is an extenfive building ; and the library contains nearly 10,000 volumes. There are the ruins of 2 other caftles, belonging to the fame family around thefe are extenfive plantations, of various kinds of foreft trees. Coal and limeftone abound in different parts of the parifh. In 1790, the population, as ftated in the report of the rev. Mr. Lawrie to
title

LOUDON;

name from

its

winding appearance

forming, within the diftance of 4 miles, three fine fweeps, on the great road to Fort William. About the middle of the lake there is a tremendous rock, called Craig-na-coheilg, " the rock of the joint hunting," which is the

boundary between two

eftates,

and

is

a common name given in the Highlands to fuch places. Upon hunting days, the two chieftains met there with their hounds and followers hunted about the rock in common, and afterwards feparated, each turning away to his own property. Near the lake, and oppofite to this rock, is the hunting-feat of Kinnaird, built by Mr. Bruce, the celebrated Abyffinian
traveller.

Luce (Bay of), Bay a fpacious bay

;

or
in

Glenluce
Wigtonlhire,

Sir

John

Sinclair,

was 2308
;

increafe

814 fince 1755.

LOWLANDS

one of the greater

diyifions of Scotland, applied to the parts, in contraE. S. E., and S.

W.

to the Highlands, which occupy the northern and weftern parts of the country. The furface of the Lowlands, though not fo level as England, contains a confiderable extent of cultivated land ; exhibiting in fome
diftinction

which has its name from the river which runs into it, or the diftrict which forms its boundary on the N. It is furrounded on 3 fides by the land, and is about 20 miles wide at the entrance, from the Mull of Galloway to the Burrowhead of Whithorn, and is nearly the fame extent up the country. Its bottom is in general a fine fand, and it affords fafe anchorage to veffels of large burden 2 miles off fhore, and to veffels of 50 tons
within half a mile of the land. Luce; a river in Wigtonfhire, which takes its rife in the hills which feparate Galloway and Carrick ; and, taking a S. eafterly direction, falls into the fea at the bay of Luce. It gives name of Glenluce to the diftrict through which it runs, which, in 1646, was divided into 2 parifhes, viz. and

parts, verdant meadows, watered by copious ftreams, and covered with in-

numerable herds of black cattle ; in other parts, the ground is beautifully diverfified with hills, vales, plains, meadows, woods, and cultivated land, interfperfed with gentlemen s feats. The manners of the inhabitants of the low country are as different from

New

thofe of the Highlanders, as the af- Old Luce. It abounds with falmou pedts of the countries are diffimilar : and trout. the Englifh cuftoms and manners are in WigLUCE ; a parifh every where introduced ; and the lan- tonfhire, of an irregular figure, 10 guage fpoken is the Englifh, or that miles long, and 5 or 6 broad. The peculiar phrafeology called the broad furface is irregular, rifing from the Scots, which is a dialect of the Eng- banks of the Luce, which are arable, lifh, with a number of French and to the high lands, which occupy by Danilh words, which had been intro- far the greater part of the parifh.

(NEW)

LUG
Thefe exhibit to the view either the
bare rocks, or are fparingly covered with heath, mofs, or a fpecies of co'arfe grafs called fprett, which is cut for hay. As there is only a fmall part under culture, the farmers look toward their fheep and black cattle for their rents and their own profits ; of the former they fell annually about 1480, and 370 of the latter; befides 672 ftones of wool, which is of a good quality, and for feveral years had been fold from 10s. to 13s. per ftone. About 20 years ago, a mine of lead ore was opened at Knockebay, on the eftate of the Earl of Stair, and fome hundred Weights of rich ore were obtained and, about 10 years ago, a fimilar attempt was made, but it does not appear that any veins were difcovered, but only floating maffes of ore. In 1793, the population was about 400 ; decreafe 59 fmce 1755. LUCE (OLD) ; a parifh in Wigton fhire ; about 10 miles long, and from 2 to 7 in breadth. It lies on the bay, at the mouth of the river of the fame name, and poffeffes feveral harbours. The furface is hilly, but none of the hills rife to any great height the Knock, the higheft, being only 200 feet above the level of the fea. About one half is arable, and the other half is ufed as pafture grounds for fheep and black cattle of the former about 600, and of the latter about 900 are annually fold, befides 150 fwine, and 600 ftones of wool. There is alfo a rabbit warren, which lets at iool. fterling of annual rent. The village of Glenluce is fituated at the mouth of the river, and, in 1790, contained a:

LUM
which joins its waters to the Kehnm Like that river, the great canal between the Forth and Clyde is carried over it by an aqueducl: bridge.

Lugton ; a river which rifes in the parifh of Nielfton, in Renfrewfhire, and taking a S. E. courfe, falls into the Garnock, in the parifh of Kilwinning, about a mile below Eglintouncaftle.

Luina (Loch), or Lochavich ; a beautiful lake in Argyllfhire, of a regular triangular form, about 8 miles in circumference. It hasfeverai iflands j on one of which are the ruins of a caftle. Near this lake lay the fcene of an ancient Celtic poem, tranflated by Dr. Smith, called Cathluiua, or " the conflicT: of Luina :" and one of the iflands is the fcene of another poem, called Laoi Fraoch, or " the death of Fraoch." This lake difcharges itfelf into Loch Ow, or Loch Awe, by the burn of At'ich, which is buried ia wood, and has fome fine waterfalls. a fmall ifland in the pa; rifh of Killbrandon, Argyllfhire. It lies in the fame clutter with Eafdale and Sell, and poffeffes the fame fpecies of flate for which the former is juftly famous. Clofe by the fhore are feeu fome rocks of red-coloured argillace-

LUING

ous fandftone, ftratifiedwith fandftonejr

breccia,

and bafaltes, and the whole traverfed with bafaltic veins. Mr. Rafpe ftates, that here he difcovered vein-s of lead and filver ore, with a fmall quantity

of zinc. On this ifland, on the top of a hill, are the ruins of an ancient fortification, the walls of which art from 8 to 10 feet thick.
; a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, about 6 miles long, and 4 broad. It lies in a valley, furrounded

LUMPHANAN

bout 200 inhabitants.

Near

Glenluce

are the ruins of an abbey, founde'd in 1 190 for monks of the Ciftertian or- with hills; and the foil varies from a der, which has been an extenfive deep loam to a thin fand, in proporbuilding. There are alfo numerous tion to the elevation. In the fouthern cairns, tumuli, &c. fome of which, extremity there i3 a confiderable lake, when opened, have been found to called Loch AuchloJJen, which concontain bones and afhes. In 1791, tains abundance of large pikes and the population was 1200; decreafe eels. Enclofures are only beginning to be raifed, and the flate of agricul291 lince 1755. Lugar, or Luggar ; a river in ture is very far behind. There are feAyrfhire, which takes its rife in the veral ancient fortifications and cairns Cumnoch lochs, and difcharges itfelf one of which, about a mile from the into the river Ayr, at Barjkimming. church, is called Macbeth' i cair ,, and or a pa- is faid to contain the afhes of that urim and lake in Invernefs-ihire. Vide furper. Notwithstanding the hi oriLaggan. cal authority of Shakfpene, who places

LUGGAN,

LAGCAN;

Luggie;

a river in Stirlingfhire,

the fcene of Macbeth's death in

Dun-

LUN
finnan,
it

LUS
courfe S. E. and at Meiklour increafes the ftream of Ifla, about 2 miles above the junction of that river with the Tay ; its whole courfe may be about 12 miles, and it abounds with excellent trout of all kinds, and innuits

feems highly probable that

fiain at Lumphanan. The tradition of this country is, that flying from the fouth, he came to the town

he was

of Cairn-baddy with a few followers, purfued by Macduff; that, finding concealment impracticable, he proceeded about a mile N. till Macduff outriding his company, came up with him, and flew him in Angle combat, on the fpot where the cairn now lies,
clofely
diers. his head to his fol1791, the population of Lumphanan was 62 1 ; decreafe 61 fince 1755. a parifh in Forfarfhire, lying on the bay of Lunan, where the river of that name difcharges itfelf into the German ocean. It is of a rectangular figure, 2 miles long, and 1 broad containing 141 1 acres, of which 973 are arable. The furface towards the bay is flat, riling rapidly from the plain and river towards the N. ; the foil in the higher parts is fhallow and wet, from lying upon a bed of rnuirftone rock ; the lower grounds are deep and fertile, except clofe to the fea, where it is fandy. It is diftant 7 miles from Arbroath, and 5^ from Montrofe. In 1790, the population, as ftated in the report of the rev. Mr. Gowans to Sir

merable

eels.

and brought back

In

LUNAN;

John

Sinclair,

was 391

increafe 83

fince 1755.

Lunan Bay; a fine bay on the coaft of Forfarfhire, fituated E. from

the Red Head, and at the mouth of of the river Lunan. It is of a femicircular form, comprehending an extent of coaft of 4 miles, with a fine

fandy bottom, and fafe anchorage in any ftorm, except from the E. and S.E. Lunan ; a river in the county of Forfar ; its fource can be traced from a fpring called Lunan well, a little above a chain of lochs, viz. Rejlennet, Refcobie, and Balgaves, through which
it paffes,

; a parifh in Forfarfhire, united to Foulis-Easter, which is fituated in the county of Perth. The united parifh extends i\ miles in length, and i* in breadth, containing 5202 acres, of which Lundie contains 3258, and Foulis 1944 : of thefe 3200 are arable. The foil is in general rich, well cultivated, and moftly enclofed; There are feveral lakes ; one of which, Lundie loch, covers 72^ acres, and is intended to drain off the water by a tunnel cut through one of the furrounding hills. The greater part of Lundie belongs to Lord Vifcount Duncan, and the whole of Foulis belongs to Sir William Murray of Ochtertyre ; neither of whom have residences in the parifh. The church of Foulis is ftill perfectly entire, although it was built in 1142. In 1790, the population was 648 ; increafe 62 fince 1755Lung A ; one of the Hebrides, belonging to Argylllhire, and the parifh of Jura and Colonfay. It is about two miles long, and half a mile broado The furface is rugged, but far from lb mountainous as the neighbouring ifland of Scarba. In 1793, it contained 6 families, or 29 inhabitants. a parifh in Shet; land, united to Nesting. In 1781, it contained 80 families, or about 480

LUNDIE

LUNNESTING

inhabitants.

Vide Nesting.

a parifh in DumbartOnfhire, 8^ miles long, and from %\ to 5 miles broad ; lying on the coaft of Loch Lomond. The foil is in general light and gravelly, but in fome places there

LUSS;

W.

The level land lies is good loam. with a clear current near the lake, chiefly where the rivers about 12 or 14 miles ; and, after va- difcharge themitlves into it, formed rious windings, falls into the fea near in the courfe of ages by the land and Red-cajlle. It runs through the pa- foil carried down from the higher rifhes of Guthrie, Kinnel, Inverkeilor, grounds by the torrents. Here the and Lunan, and abounds with trout crops are oats, barley, and potatoes ; and pike fcarcely one twelfth part is arable, Lunan ; alfo a river of Perthfhire, the reft being hilly and mountainous. formed from different fources in the About 880 acres are under natural Grampians, in the parifh of Caputh ; it wood, of which 700 acres are of oak, proceeds eaftward, forming 5 beau- which have been uiually cut down tiful expanfes of water j it then directs every 20 years, and at laft cutting
and receives fome tributary
i

burns.

It flows

Tt

LUS
produced 14,000
bolls of bark.
afli,

L
The with
the

YN

it employs about 20 hands. There another flate quarry near Lufs, but it is not fo extenfive. Four of the larger ifiands of Loch Lomond belong to the parifli of Lufs, vi&. Inch-Ta-qivkwort ; atifma ranunculoides, or vanach, Inch-Conagan, Inch-Moan, and lejfer 'water plantain ; ofmunda regalis, Inch-Loanig ; fee thefe articles, and ov- flowering fern, &c. The village Lomond (Loch). In 1793, the poof.Luss is fituated on apiece of fiat pulation was 917 j decreafe 61 fince ground pi-ojecling into the lake, 1755- , Through the middle of which the Luther, oitLeuther; a river in fmall water of Lufs runs, whofe banks Kincardineihire. Vide Leu t her. are beautifully clothed with natural ; a fmall village wood. The fituation is truly delight- in the parifli of Mary-kirk, in the ful, being near the middle of the lake, county of Kincardine, containing, in. having a view of the iflands and of 1794, upwards of 200 inhabitants. the lofty furroundihg mountains, inLyne; a river in Peebles-ihire, dented with deep ravines. The church which, at the Gauldfiane fap, (a pafs and manfe ftand clofe to the lake, in the Pentlands from Weft-Lothian concealed amongft the trees. The to Tweedale), takes a fouth eafterly only manufacture carried on is the courfe, and falls into the Tweed about fpinning of cotton ; a mill for that 6 miles above Peebles. purpofe having been erected in 1790. and two pa; It is very healthy, and many people rifhes in the county of Peebles, united live to a great age. Mr. Pennant, in under one charge, though they are far 1769, gives a lift of 6 whofe ages a- diftant from each other. Lyne is 4 mounted to 540 ; and the rev. Mr. miles long, and 3 broad ; and the foil Stuart, in his ftatiftical report in 179a, is thin and fharp. Megget is fitugives a lift of other 6 whofe agregate ated in the extremity of the county, years amounted to 502. Rofdoe, the and is 7 miles in length, and near 6 feat of Sir James Colquhoun of Lufs, in breadth. Both diftricts are proper is charmingly fituated on a peninfula only for fheep pafture. In 1792, the projecting into the lake the ground population was 152; decreafe 113 is finely wooded, and a tower of the fince 1755. old caftle forms an excellent contraft
it
:

birch, alder, yew, holly, &c. ; and the other indigenous plants are nearly the fame as in ether parts of the Highlands, in fimilar foils and fituations ; a few, indeed, are to be found, which are efteemed rare ; as the ifoetes lacuftris, or quilhuort ; fubularia aquatica, or

other woods are

At Camftradden

elegant modern manfion.. there is .a valuable quarry of blue fiate ; from 250,000 to 300,000 are annually exported from,
is

LUTHERMOOR

LYNE

MEG GET

M
MAC
(Loch); a fmall lake in Wigtonfhire, lying between the pariflies of Penningham and
Kirkowen. It has feveral iflands, on the largeft of which are the remains of a confiderable building, and a garden ; but, at prefent, thefe iflands are chiefly remarkable as the habitation
of fome eagles, which have bred in for a number of years. The lake difcharges itfelf by the river Mladenoch into the bay of Wigton.

MAG
a confiderable tows It is the property of the Earl of Fife, by whofe exertions it has attained its prefent fize. Previous to the year 1732, there were only a few fifhermens houfes, with a fmall fandy creek for the boats now, there are feveral well laid out ftreets ; and it contains upwards of 1000 inhabitants. The harbour, on which the noble proprietor has al;

"ACBEARY

MACDUFF

in the

county of Banff.

them

MAC
ready laid
I
',

MAI

out nearly 6000I. will, plantation. The town of Machlin is be one of the beft har- fituated on an eminence, near the ribours of the Moray Frith. About 10 ver, and is neatly built, containing, in or 12 veffels belong to the place, 1 7 91, about 1000 inhabitants. It was which are chiefly employed in the formerly a burgh of barony, with

when

finifhed,

Baltic

and London trade.

There

is

power

to elect

its

own

magistrates

a neat chapel of eafe in the town, to but, about 100 years ago, the charter the clergyman of which Lord Fife was loft, and its rights have never been renewed. Coal, freeftone, and gives a fmall (alary.
limeftone, are wrought in feveral places. In i}qi, the population was 1800; increafe 631 fince 1755. a parifh in Perth vered with fine woods, and have been (hire, near the head of the vale of highly ornamented by the Earl of Stratherne. The furface is level, and Moray, and Mr. Edmonftone of Cam- the foil in general good ; but, the It dis- great drawback on agricultural imbufwallace, the* proprietors.

(Loch); a lake in Perthshire, in the parilh of Kilmadock, of a circular form, and nearly a mile in diameter. Its banks are co-

Machaig

MADDERTY;

charges its waters into the Teith, near the cattle of Doune. Machan y a fmall rivulet in Perthfhire, in the parifh of Muthil, which pours its ftreams into the Allan, a few miles above Dumblane.
;

provements,

is

the frequency of inun-

dations, from the riling of the fmall river Pow, which runs through the parifh. The ancient abbey of Tncb-

a parifh in ; the diftric! of Buchan, fituated chiefly in Aberdeenfhire ; but a fmall part lies in the county of Banff, though (unrounded by that of Aberdeen. The extent is about 9 miles in length by i\ in breadth, lying on each tide of the road from Aberdeen to Old Meldrum. The general appearance is pretty level : the foil is partly dry and fertile, and partly wet and mofiy. There is a fmall lake, called the BiJhop's loch, in which is an ifland with ruins of a caftle, which belonged to the biihops of Aberdeen. About 300 acres are covered with wood ; fome of which is full grown, but the greater part is not more than 40 years old. Muir, free, and limeftone, are found ; but they are of inferior qualities. In

MACHAR (NEW)

1791, the population

creafe 161 fince 1755.

was 1030; de-

Effray is fituated on the banks of the Ponv (vide Inch-Effray) ; and the great Roman road or caufeway, runs through it, from the camp at Ardoch, to the place where it crofTes the Tay. In 1797, the population was 631 ; decreafe 165 fince 1755. MADOIS(St.); a parifh in Perthshire, fituated at the weftern extremity of the Carle of Gowrie. It lies on the N. bank of the river Tay, and its furface comprehends exadtly a fquare mile. The foil, which is either a rich clay or loam, is abundantly fertile ; and the ufe of lime, which has become univerfal in the Carfe, has contributed much to improve and meliorate the foil. The whole is arable, except a few acres of planting around Pi/four, the feat of Mr. Richardfon, which is an elegant and extenfive building, in a cafiellated Gothic ftyle. In 1791, the population

was 300;

(OLD), or OLD ABERDEEN. Vide Aberdeen (Old).

MACHAR

or a ; parifh in Ayrfhire, watered by the river Ayr, from the banks of which the furface.rifes towards the N. E. where it is bounded by the parifh of Tarbolton. The foil is chiefly a rich

MACHLIN,

MAUCHLINE

fince 1755. a hill in Caithnefsfhire,.in the parifh of Latheron, elevated nearly 2000 feet above the level of the fea.

increafe
;

in

Maiden-Pap

MAINLAND
largeft

of ; the of the Orkney iflands, other-

ORKNEY

wife called

of clayey loam, except a few fields a- the largeft ifland of that diftrict, is round the town of Machlin, which 60 miles long, and in fome places 16 are light and fandy, mixed with gra- broad ; projecting into the fea with vel. The whole parifh is arable, with many irregular promontories, and inthe exception of two fmall moffes, dented by numerous bays and harand fome declivities on the banks of bours the interior or middle part is ^he river, which are covered with hilly and mountainous, and full oz
:

MAINLAND

Pomona. Vide Pomona.

SHETLAND;

Tt

7.

MAI

MAK

bogs and moffes; but the greater part rally remarked, that the tops of the of the coaft is arable, and the foil trees are uniformly found towards the light, early, and tolerably productive, W. as if, in fome former period, they confidering the mode of agriculture had been overthrown by' a ftorm or The ground is indeed cultivated in inundation from the E. No mines the rudeft manner. The ploughs are have been hitherto wrought, though made of a fmall crooked piece of there are in many places vifible apwood, at the end of which is placed a pearances of various kinds of metallic flender pliable piece of oak, that is ores, viz. of iron, copper, lead, and faftened to the yokes laid acrofs the filver. Limeftone is found in the panecks of the oxen. The man who rifh of Tingwall, but no ufe has yet holds the plough walks by its fide, been made of it as a manure in the and directs it by a ftilt or handle, per- fame parifh there is a quarry of excelpendicularly fixed on the top of it lent Hate. The inhabitants are hardy, the driver, if he can be fo called, goes and are very docile and ingenious before the oxen, and pulls them on by many of them fhewing remarkable in= a rope tied about their horns ; and ft ances of felf-taught mechanical knowfeveral people follow behind, with ledge. The principal manufacture is fpades and mallets to level the furrow, a little linen and woollen cloth for and break the clods. The chief crops their own ufe; and worfted ftookings, are black oats, fown in April ; and fome of a very fine texture and great barley, fown about the middle of May. value, for exportation. But their great There are no enclofures, and of con- occupation is fiihing ; for the profefequence no artificial graffes ; but the cution of which their fituation is admeadows afford considerable quanti- mirably adapted. Mainland is divided
:

of natural hay. The hills are moftly covered with heath, and afford good pafture for black cattle and fheep ; the latter of which, after receiving the mark of their owner, run wild, without the attendance of any fhepherd they are, however, fo far tame, as to be driven into fmall enclofures, to procure the wool. considerable number of fheep and black cattle are purchafed by the Lerwick merchants, who kill them, and either fend them to Leith, or fell them to the Greenland and other veffels which rendezvous in Breffay found. They have alfo a very fmall, but hardy breed ofhorfes, called Shetland poneys ; and a peculiar breed of fwine, the flefh of which is efteemed very delicate. Eagles, hawks, ravens, and other birds of prey, are fo numerous and destructive to the lambs, that the commifiioners of fupply give a crown for every
ties
:

into 8 parochial districts, containing, in 1791-8, 12,885 inhabitants; increafe

3415 fince 1755.

MAINS,

or

MAINS

of

FINTRY;

eagle that is destroyed. Swans in great numbers annually vifitthe fmall lakes;

a parifh in Forfarfhire, formerly named Stratbdigbty, being part of that ftrath, through which the river Dighty directs its courfe towards the Tay. It is about 4 miles long, and 3 broad at the middle, but is Confiderably narrower at the extremities. The face of the country has a delightful appearance, rifing gently from the banks of the river towards the N. and S. : the whole is enclofed with hedge-rows, and ornamented with clumps and belts of planting : the whole is arable, and the foil is in general a deep and fertile loam. Near the church is an old ruinous caftle, long the refidence of the Grahams of Fintry. The houfe of Fintry, or Lumleythen, is an elegant building, on the banks of the Digbty. In 1791, the population was 878 ; increafe 169
fince 175?.

and geefe, ducks, and fea birds, every MAKERSTON; a parifh in the where abound. The country is bare county of Roxburgh, of a rectangular of trees and hardly any fhrubs, ex- figure, 5^ miles long by &,\ broad. It cept juniper, and fmall roan trees and lies on the N. bank of the Tweedy willows, in the nu re fheltered valleys. from which the furface rifes by a genIt would appear that it had formerly tle afcent to the northern boundary. been covered with wood, as trees of The river is not navigable at this place, a confiderable fize are occafionally but affords abundance of the fined dug up in the moffes, fome of which falmon. The contents of the parifh. are at a great depth ; and, it is gene- may be about 3300 acres, of which
;

MA R
pafture, and flocked with f oo are in above iooo fheep. The arable land is rich, fertile, and adapted for every kind of grain. About 30 years ago, the number of inhabitants was upwards of 1000 ; but, of late, the number has greatly decreafed, being, in 1791, only 255. MARCH, or MERSE ; a divifion of Berwickfhire. Vide Merse. Mari (Loch); a lake in Rofsfhire, in the parifh of Gairloch ; about
16

MAR
About
half a mile E. is the caftle of Balfour or Balur, an old building, Airrounded with fine plantations andenclofures.

The

caftle

alfo a fine old building, in a

mantic fituation.

On

of Baibirnie is moil rothe hill of Mark-

inch, near the village, are the diftinct veftiges of fortifications. The parifh

contains excellent marl and freeftone, but is principally famed for the great quantity of coal which is every where wrought. In 1793, the population

to 2 broad. was 2790 ; increafe 602 fince 1755. which are a pariih in Banffand a variety fhire, about 10 miles long by 4 or 5 of other kinds of wood. On the largeft broad ; bounded on the S. by the riThe furface is level, ifiand, called Ilan-Mari, there are the ver Devcron. remains of an ancient druidical edi- riling gradually from the river to the fice, and around ita burial-place, where northern boundary : the foil varies in the inhabitants on the N. fide of the proportion to its diftance from the loch inter their dead. It difcharges river, from a rich loam to clay and There are feveral extenfive itfelf into an arm of the fea called muir. plantations of various kinds cf wood, Loch E<w. mod of them in a thriving ftate. A; a parifh in Fife/hire, of an irregular figure, comprehending bout 3000 black cattle are annually about 7000 acres. The furface is much reared in the parifh. The only pervaried ; the valleys being divided from fon of note which Marnoch has proeach other by hills of confiderable duced, was Alexander Gordon, Efq. height. The foil is alfo various : a of Auchentoul, who was a Major-Gefmall part is clay, and rich loam ; a neral in the Ruffian army under Peter larger proportion is a light loam, ex- the Great, and wrote a good hiftory ceedingly fertile : there is alfo a good of the reign of that prince. In 1791, deal of dry gravelly land ; but the the population was i960 ; increafe 66 greater part is wet, and inclining to fince 1755. or muir, lying upon a cold tilly, or clay VidelxcH-MARNOCH. bottom. It is watered by the Leven, and the Lockty and the Orr, two tri; a diftrict in Aberdeenfhire, butary ftreams of the Leven. The comprehending that part which lies road from Kinghorn to Cupar, and betwixt the rivers Dee and Don. The Dundee waterfide, paffes through the 3 great divifions of this extenfive difparifh, upon which are two excellent trict are, Braemar, Cromar, and inns ; the New-Inn at Pittillock ford, Mid-Mar. The firft, denoting the and the Plafterersnear Balbirniebridge. higheft part of the country ; the feThere are 6 or 7 villages ; of which cond, the lower and more cultivated Markinch contains nearly 300, Dubie- diftrict ; and the latter derives its fide 200, Balgonie 250, and Baibirnie name from its local fituation, at an 250 inhabitants. Balgonie-caftle, one equal diftance from the two rivers of the feats of the Earl of Leven, and Marr anciently gave title of Earl to from whence his eldeft fon takes the the family of Erfkine, but was attitle of Baron, is a building of great tainted in 1715, for attachment to the antiquity, and confiderable ftrength. houfe of Stuart. It is pleafantly fituated on the S. hank or ISLE a of the Leven, and is of a rectangular fifliing village in Rofs-ihire, on the form, Handing on an area of 135 feet weftern coaft, about 5 miles N. from by 105 : the tower, on the N. fide, the village of Ullapool. is 45 feet by 36, and 80 feet high (St.) ; a parifh in the roof is furrounded with battle- Perthfhire, united with the parifh of ments, projecting about a foot beyond Cambusmichael. It is fomewhat the walls ; and the whole forms a no- of a rectangular form, 4 miles long ble pile of building, in the Gothic ftyle. by 1 broad, lying on both banks of

miles long, and from

are 24 iflands in beautified with fir trees,

There

it,

MARNOCH;

MARKINCH

NOCH.

MARNOCH, MARR

INCK-MAR-

MARTIN,

MARTIN;

MARTIN'S

MAR
the Taj, $ miles N. from the town of Perth. The furface is much diverfified by afcents and declivities, covered in many places with plantations, befides* coppices on the fteep banks of the Toy. The foil is in general a black mould, originally taken from muir, but now moftly all cultivated and improved. Lime/lone, marl, and freeftone, are the only valuable minerals. St. Martin's, the feat of Mr. Macdonald, is a beautiful modern maniion, built in 1794. Population in 1793, about 1000; decreafe 83
j j

MAX
improvements, from the expence
at.

tending their removal. large poris covered with wood, both natural and planted. In 1790, the population was 630 j decreafe 116' fince 1755a parifh in the county of Kincardine, of an irregular fquare form, comprehending 7591 Scots acres, and lying on the N. bank of the North E/k, at the extremity of the how or hollow of the Mearns. Its furface is exceedingly level, and the foil, though various, is in general ferfince 1755. tile. The appearance of the country (Loch) ; a fmall is very beautiful, interfperfed with a lake in the parifh of Coylton, in Ayr- number of feats, furrounded with fine shire ; about a mile long, and from a policies and plantations. The chief quarter to half a mile broad. It dif- feats are, Inglifmaldie, a feat of Lord charges its waters into the river Ayr. Halkerton, Earl of Kintore ; Balmaa village in In- kewan, the feat of Thomas Gillies, ; vernefs-fhire ; is fituated at a fmall Efq. ; Hat ton, a feat of Lord Vifcount diftance from Fort William, on the Arbuthnot ; and New Thornton, the It was eftablifhed property of Mr. Adams. S. fide of Locheil. There are fhortly after the erection of the fort a fmall villages, viz. Luthermoor, and of Inverlochy, and was firft named Marykirk ; each of which contains Gordonjburgb, from the noble family upwards of 200 inhabitants. The whofe property it is ; but, after the latter is fituated about half way beacceffion of the Orange family to the twixt Montrofe and Laurencekirk, on throne of Britain, the fort received the road betwixt thefe towns. In the name of King William, while the 1795, the population was 1481 ; inadjoining village received the name creafe 196 fince 1755. of Maryburgh, in honour of his royal ; a parifh in Forfarconfort Queen Mary. It is a thriving fliire, fituated on the S. bank of the place, and feems well fituated for the river South EJk, which here forms the eftabliihment of a woollen manufac- bafon of Montrofe. It contains about tory. In 1794, Fort William and 3000 acres, divided into two eftates, Maryburgh contained 1200 inhabit- viz. Old Montrofe and Dyfart, belong.? ants, who were chiefly employed in ing to Sir David Carnegie, and Mr. Carnegie of Craigo. The latter eftate the fifheries. a fmall village in is considerably higher than the former ; Kinrofs-fhire, in the parilh of Clielh, but, except the bank, which is the on the high road from the North Fer- boundary between them, the ground ry to Kinrofs, about 5 miles from the is in general very level. The foil, on latter. It contains about 100 inhabit- the low ground, is a rich clay, and the higher grounds have a fine loam, ants. or MARYCUL- both of which are exceedingly fertile. a parifh in Kincardinefhire, In 1 801, the population was 596 ; in; fituated on the S. bank of the Dee, creafe 67 fince 1793. Maudslie Law ; a hill in the paand extending from that river to the Grampians. It is of an oblong form, rifh of Carluke, in Lanarkshire ; near 6 miles in length by a in breadth. which is fituated Maudjlie-houfe, the The foil on the river fide is fandy : on elegant feat of the Earl of Hyndford. Maveston, or Mavis ton ; an the rifing banks, in the middle, it is blacker, with a clay bottom ; and, extenfive tract of fandy ground in Momore fouthward, it is fwampy, with rayfhire, formerly one of the richeft a confiderable extent of mofs ; but diftricts of that county. Vide Dyke the whole parifh is rocky, and en- and Moy.
tion

MARYKIRK;

Ma&torham

MARYBURGH

MARYTON

MARYBURGH

MARYCULTER, TURE

cumbered with

large ftones, which are a ^reat obftacle to agricultural

MAXTON

a parifh in
S.

shire, lying

on the

Roxburghbank of the rives.

MAY
Tcveed, nearly 4 miles in length, and The foil is partly a in breadth. ftrong clay, and partly a light loam. Upon the eftatc of Littledean are the remains of an old tower, which had been ftrongly fortified ; long the relidence or' the Kerrs of Littledean. On the muir of Rutherford are the vefciges of a Roman encampment, with a Roman caufeway. Near the border, betwixt the parilhes of Maxton and Ancrum, is the fceae of a dreadful battle, fought in 1543, between the Engliih and Scoitiih armies : the place is called LiJliard's Edge, from a young woman of the name of Li/Hard, who fought with great bravery along with the Scots, and lies buried in the field of battle. In 1791, the population was 326; decreafe 71 iince 1755. a fmall ifiand in the mouth ; f the Frith of Forth, lying 6 miles S.
3

ME A
mum
&c.
; a parifh in Ayrfhire, in the diftricf of Carrick; about 1-3 miles in length, and 7 in breadth ; watered by the rivers Boon and Girvan. The furface in general is hilly, and fitted for pafture ; but, on the banks of the rivers, thei'e are many excellent farms*

officinale,

" common gromWet!,"

the ujtragulus uralenfa, " milk vetch,"

MAYBOLE

The town

of

Maybole

is

fituated

on

a fmall eminence, around which the furrounding hills rife in the form of

MAY

E. from Anftruther- Welter, which is the nearer!: part of the coaft. It is a-

bout a mile long, and three quarters

It has a well of fine water, a fmall lake, and affords excellant fheep pafture. There are the ruins of a priory, which formerly belonged to the abbey of Pittenween ; and a ehapel, which was dedicated to St. Adrian, whofe fhrine was formerly much reforted to in cafes of barrennefs. It has a light-houfe upon it, erecled upon a tower 45 feet high; for the fupport of which, twopence per ton is exacted on all veffels paffing the ifiand: this revenue, in 1791, was let at 970I. It is frequented by a great Tariety of fea fowl, fuch as gulls, kittiwakes, dunters, fea pyets, fcarts, marrots,

of a mile broad.

an amphitheatre, defending it on every fide from ftormy winds. It is well fupplied with excellent water, and is noted for the health and longevity of In 1791, there were its inhabitants. living in it 10 perfons, the aggregate amount of whofe ages was upwards of 900 years. It was erected into a burgh of barony in favour of the Earl of Cafilllis, by a royal charter dated at Edinburgh 14th Nov. 15 16. The principal bufinefs is the blanket manufactory, in which upwards of 300 perfons are conftantly employed : the produce is fold at the 4 annual fairs, which are held in the town. In 1791, it contained upwards of 1000 inhabitants. Near the town is a very old building called the college, the area of which is ufed as the burying-place of the family of Caffillis. The houfe of CaJJillis, one of the feats of that nobleman, is pleafantly fituated on the banks of the river Girman, furrounded with beautiful policies. Population in
1791, 3750; increafe 1692 lince 1755. Meagle, or Meg-hill; a hill in the parifh of Galaihiels, in Tweeddale, elevated 1480 feet above the level of the fea.

&c. and rabbits breed

in confi-

derable numbers. a river in Perthfhire, which ; rifes in the Ochil hills, in the parifh of Dunning ; and, after a circuitous courfe of 8 or 9 miles, falls into the river Erne, nearly oppof.te to the parks f Dupplin-caftle. On its banks is fituated the beautiful man lion of Invermay, the feat of Colonel Belfhes; (vide Invermay.) The May, in its courfe, forms feveral romantic waterfalls, particularly the Humble-bumbk, fo named from the nolle it makes ; and the linn of Muckarfey, where the water is precipitated over a perpendicular rock about 30 feet high. The banks abound

May

MEALFOURM'HONIE,OrMEALfourvonie; a mountain in Inverwhich rifes on the W. fide of Loch Nefs to the height of 3060 feet above the level of the fea. It is noted for being the firft land mark feen by mariners, after they pafs Kinnaird'shead, in entering the Moray Frith. On the very top of the hill is a fmall lake of very cold water, which never freezes, and is always equally full, though no ftream ifiues from it. This lake is about 30 fathoms long, and 6 broad ; and, according to an accurate account given by the rev. Mr. Frazer, in the Phiiofophical Tranfaclions (LowtljQrp'j abridgement) ii. 22a.), it
nefs-fhire,

with fome plants, which are rare to be met with ; particularly the litbo-fper-

MEI
toas founded

MEI
I
I
':

by a Captain Oi'ton, with 100 fathoms of fmall line, with-! out finding a bottom. This idea is bow proved to be erroneous, as its depth has been lately afcertained to be very inconfiderable.

<

MEARNS,

or

KINCARDINE-'
I

Vide Kincardineshire. Mt ARNS ; a pariih in Renfrewihire, about 6 milts long by 3^ broad, lying in the middle betwixt the towns of Glafgovv and Paifley. The furface rifes gradually from the eaftern extremity to the W. where there is an extent of 1600 acres of muir land: there are no coniiderable hills ; but it is beautifully diverfified with a great variety of fwelling hills and vales. The foil is all light and early, except

SHIRE.

ibme fmall fields of a clayey nature, on the eaftern border. It is chiefly

broad. It is watered by the Ifla and the Dean, which unites with the former about half a mile N. W. of the town of Meigle. The furface is level, and the foil fertile, and well cultivated. The town of Meigle is pleafantly fituated in the middle of the parifh, on a fmall rivulet of the fame name, in the center of two turnpike roads, 12. miles N. W. from Dundee; 6i N. E. of Cupar and 5 \ S. W. of Glammifs. It is an ancient town, but is meanly built, and contains only 371 inhabitants. It has 2 well attended annual fairs. There are 3 beautiful feats, particularly Belmont' caftle, which was finilhed in the neateft and moft commodious manner by the former proprietor, the late Lord Privy Seal : the gardens and fine enclofures all confpire to render it the
;

noted for the excellence of the pafture moft delightful refidence in Strathand the principal bufinefs of the farm- more. Drumkilbo and Kinloch are pleaer is the management of the dairy. fantly fituated ; but the latter is in a There are 3 fmall lakes, the largeft of ruinous condition. In the church-yard which is nearly i| miles in circuit. of Meigle, are the remains of the grand There are feveral modem man fions of fepulchral monument of Vanora, faid great elegance ; and the caftle of to have been the wife of Prince Arthur of England, whofe hiftory is inMearns is a fine piece of antiquity In an engagement it is a large fquare tower, fituated on volved in fables. a rocky eminence, unrounded with a between the Englifh and the Picts, ftrong wall and ditch, and the entrance about the middle of the fixth century,fecured by a draw-bridge. In 1793, fhe was taken prifoner, and carried the population was 1430 ; increafe into Angus, where fhe died. The monument, which is now nearly deftroyi 544 fince 1755.
:

shire*

a fmall river in Lanarkits rife in the parifh of Dunfyre, in the higheft middle ground between the eaftern and weftern oceans. It is remarkable of this ftream, that, near its fource, it is fo divided by a mill pond, that one half of its waters falls into the Clyde, while the other' half runs into the Tweed. fOlim Rodonno); a parifh in the county of Peebles, united in 1621 to the parifh of Lvne. Vide
;

Medwin

ed,

was compofed of many

ftones,

which has

MEGGET
Megget

covered with a variety of hieroglyphic figures, of which Mr. Pennant has given accurate drawings. Barry hilli the fuppofed place of Vanora's confinement, is elevated 688 feet above the level of the fea and on its fummit are the remains of an extenfive encampment, fome of the ftones of which have a vitrified appearance. I 1791, the population was 1148} de
;

creafe 139 lince 1755.

Lyne and Megget.

;

Meikly (Loch); a lake in the a river in Peebles-fhire, pariih of Urquhart in Inverne.fs-fhire, which runs through the parifh of about a mile long, and half a rmle Megget, and falls into St. Mary's broad. It is furrounded with woods,
loch, after a

interfperfed with cultivated fields, courfe of 8 miles. a river in Rofs-fhire, which and ornamented with neat gentlemen* takes its rife in the weftern parts of feats ; forming a delightful and roIt difcharges itthe county, near the borders of the mantic landfcape. parifh of Loch-carron, and falls into felf into Loch Ncfs near the church of the Licbart, about 5 miles before the Kilmore, by the fmall river Enntrick^ junction of that river with the Cannon. which, in its courfe, forms feveral wa-< terfalls, fome of which are extremely ; a pariih in Angus-fhire, lying in the center of Strathmore ; a- magnificent* bout 4^ miles long, and from ito j'

Meig

MEIGLE

MEL
a parifh in Aberdeen ihire; about 5 miles in length, and from 2 to 4 in breadth, containing nearly 6000 Scots acres. In the S. part of the parifli the foil is a ftrong rich loam, upon clay, exceedingly fertile
;

MEL
at that time lord of the regality of Melrofe, when the linen trade was very flourifhing : but, for feveral years paft, it has, from a variety of caufes, been very much on the decline ; and, for the laft 10 years ending 1784, the average num-

MELDRUM;

John Earl of Haddington,

in the
lefs

N. part the

foil is

thinner,

ber of yards was only 17,792. But is fufceptible of culture, with the excep- the decay of the linen trade has been tion of the moiTes, which yield fuel attendedwithaproportionableincreafe Agriculture of the woollen manufactures, for which to the neighbourhood. Melrofe is excellently fituated. Before is yet in its infancy; but of late many improvements in that branch have the abolition of hereditary jurifdicbeen introduced : there are feveral tions, Melrofe was a burgh of regality, excellent quarries of granite. Mel- the fuperiority of which was velted in drum, the feat of James Urquhart, the family of Hamilton. It is now* Efq. deferves to be mentioned for its a free burgh of barony, with a ma* delightful fituation. In 1793, the po- giftracy, elected by the burgeffes* pulation was 1490 ; decreafe 63 fince The parifh of Melrose is 7 miles long, and from 5 to 7 broad. The 1755(OLD) ; a confider- furface and foil are various, being flat able town in the parifh of Meldrum, and fertile on the banks of the Tweed, iituated about 17 miles from Aber- and hilly and covered with heath in deen, on the road from that place to the parts farther removed from that All forts of crops are raifed ; It is a burgh of barony, go- river. Banff. verned by 2 bailies, elected by Mr. but the foil is beft adapted for oats. Urquhart of Meldrum, the fuperior. In 1793, it contained 280 horfes, 1006 It has a good weekly market, and one head of black cattle, and 13,720 fheep. well attended fair in January. No Around the town of Melrofe, the foil particular branch of trade has been is well adapted for orchards and garAbout a mile S. from eftablifhed in it ; though, from its den ground. local fituation, it feems well adapted the town, is the fite of the old abbey for either the linen or thread manu- of Melrofe, which was founded in facture. In 1793, it contained 783 664, and is faid to be the firft abbey of the Culdees fettled in this part of inhabitants. Melgam, orMELGUNs; a confi- the kingdom. All that remains of this derable ftream in the county of Angus. building is a fmall houfe, on a peninIt takes its rife about the N. bound- fula formed by the Tweed, the banks" ary of the parifh of Glentrathen, and, of which, around it, are lofty and forming a cataract near the church of wooded, varied with perpendicular that parifh, after a circuitous courfe rocks jutting out like buttreffes into in a rocky channel, during which it the river. The fituation is pleafant receives innumerable ftreams, falls in the higheft degree, commanding a into the Ifla under the walls of Airly- fine view of the flrath of Tweeddale. About a mile from this is the vilcqftk. Melgin. Vide Melgam. lage of New/lead; near which was fia considerable town tuated another abbey, called the Red ; in Roxburghfhire, pleafantly fituated abbey. Betwixt thefe is the bridge of on the N. fide and bottom of the Drygrange, thrown over the Tweed at E'ddon hills, upon the fide of a fertile its confluence with the Lauder ; near vale, about a mile in length, inter- which place are fituated the handfome fered by the river Tweed, which winds houfes of Drygrange and Kirkland. through it in a ferpentine direction, fhort diftance from the town, on the and furrounded by hills of moderate S. fide of the Tweed, is the abbey of height. It has long been famed for Melrofe, one of the largeft and molt the manufacture of linens, called Mel- magnificent in the kingdom ; it is the rofe land linens, which were formerly admiration of ftrangers, and is reckon great demand for exportation. In oned one of the moft beautiful Gothic the year 1668, the weavers were in- ftructures, from the height and emcorporated by a feel of caufe from bellifhment of its columns, the ele-

and

fertile.

The whole

MELDRUM

W.

W.

MELROSE

Uu

MEN
gance of
its
its

MET
arable foil is a fandy loam, in Tome places intermixed with gravel, and tolerably fertile. Though there arc no rivers of any great fize, there are numerous ftreams, fufficient to drive

fculpture, the beauty of

and the fymmetry of its was founded in 1136 by King David who dedicated it to the Virgin Mary, and endowed it with extenfive privileges, and almoft prince- feveral mills. In 1791, the population ly revenues the monks were of the was 900; increafe 157 iince 175?. Ciftertian order and this monaftery, MENTEITH, or MONTEITH atthattime, became themother church a diftrict in Perthfliire. Vide Mon,of all eftablifhrnents of that order in TEITH. Scotland. It was built in the form of MERSE, or MARCH ; one of the St. John's crofs; and the following three greater divifions of Berwickihire, are the dimenfions of what is yet which is often termed the fhire of ftanding: length 258 feet, breadth Merse. This diflrict is more fertile X37-|, and the circumference 943 the than the other two occupying that S. window is 24 feet long by 1 6 broad part which extends from the foot of the E. window, at which was the great the Lammermuir hills on the N. to altar, and which is of beautiful fculp- the Englifh border, or what has been ture, 34* byi 5 i; height of the fteeple termed the debatable land. From this
ft-ones,

parts.

It

75 feet, but the fpire is gone. The niches, pillars, pedeftals, canopies, &c. are of exquifite workmanfhip, and are

diftricl:

the

Duke of Queenfberry takes

a parifh in Berwick-

his fecond title of Earl.

MERTOUN;
fliire,

extending 6 miles in length agures. There are feveral Roman en- long the N. bank of the Tweed, and campments in the pariih, particularly from 2 to 3 in breadth. The weftern on the_ N. E. of the 3 Eildon hills. diftricl: is elevated, and is very picluThere is alfo another Roman camp refque. From the fop of Bymerfide near the village of New/lead, which is hill the profpecl: is grand ; compreupwards of three quarters of a mile hending in one view, wood, water, in circuit. In 1793, the population hills, valleys, elegant manfions, and was 2446 ; increafe 124 fince 1755. ruinous towers, uncultivated land, MENGALAY, or MINGALAY; and fertile fields. The furface dopes one of the Hebrides; lying 12 miles gradually towards the S., and the from the ifland of Barray, to which whole land is enclofed, and in a high parochial diftrift it belongs. It is a- ftate of cultivation. The foil on the bout 3 miles long, and nearly of the Tweed is fharp loam, with a gravelly fame breadth, inhabited by 8 families, bottom ; but the reft of the pariih is or 43 inhabitants. Clofe to this ifland a ftifF clay, on a cold till. The pariih is a high rock (the Scarpa Vervecum is beautified by the plantations and of Buchannan), with very luxuriant pleafure grounds of Harden, the feat grafs growing on its fummit. The of Mr. Scott, and by the magnificent inhabitants climb to the top at the ruins of the abbey of Dryburgh, near rifk of their lives, and by means of which the Earl of Buchan has built ropes pull up their fheep after them, an elegant feat. The banks of the to be left there for the feafon. This Tweed poffefs inexhauftible ftores of rock is frequented at hatching feafon excellent freeftone. In 1801, the poby innumerable flocks of fea fowls, of pulation was 235 > decreafe 22 fince various kinds. Upon the ifland of 1793Mengalay there is a very complete forMETHILL ; a fmall fea port town tification, of the kind called Danijb in Fifefhire, on the coaft of the Frith duns. of Forth, in the pariih of Wemyfs, a pariih in Forfar- containing, in 1794, 314 inhabitants. fhire ; about 5 miles in length, and, It has an excellent harbour ; and, of at a medium, a in breadth. The ge- late, a waggon-way has been erected, neral appearance is flat, efpecially to at the expence of the Earl of Wemyfs, the S. and E. ; but towards the N. it from the coal pits in the neighbouris very hilly, and covered with heath. hood to the pier, by which veffels of In this part is fituated the hill of Ca- great burden can be loaded without terthw:, noted for the fortification on much trouble. In 1662, it was erected its fummit ; (vide Caterthun.) The into a free burgh of barony by the
fi-

covered with curious fculptured

MENMUIR;

ME Y
Bifhop of St. market, and

MIL
about
in

Andrews, with a weekly of Caithness,

2

annual

fairs.

METHLICK;
The
is

a parifh

Aber-

deen {hire, 6 miles long, and

furface
is hilly,

5 broad.

and a great part

covered with heath : the arable foil It is capable of much improvement. is watered by the Ttban, which falls into the fea 10 miles below. This parifli gave birth to the celebrated Dr. C h e yn e of Bath, well known as a phyhcian and popular medical writer; and to Dr. Charles MAiTLAND,the firft who introduced inoculation into Britain. In 1793, the population was decreafe 350 fince 1755. 105? a parifh in Perthfhire about 5 miles long, and 3 or 4
;

of Canifbay, miles in circumference. and ; an united parifh in the ifland of Yell, in Shetland ; about 10 miles long, and 6 broad, and containing in 1791, 142a inhabitants ; increafe 436 fince 1755.
in the parifli
3

MID

SOUTH YELL

MID-CALDER.
(Mid.)

Vide Calder.

MIDDLEBIE
fries-fhire, 9

a parifh in Dum; miles in length by a,\ in

fi-

breadth

though of an irregular

gure, interfected by neighbouring parishes. The furface is fiat, varied with fmall eminences ; and the foil is
various, but,

METHVEN;
;

feated on the river Almond, of Perth. The furface is agreeably varied by hollows and rifing ground; but, in general, it dopes towards the S., where it terminates in a morafs. The cultivated land is in general good, being either clay, loam, or gravel ; but the clay is molt com-

broad

6 miles

N. W.

upon the whole, tolerably fertile. The pariih abounds with a reddifh-coloured freeftone ; and limeftone is wrought to a great extent. Near the church are diftinct veftiges of a Roman military ftation. In 1791, the population was 1404 j
increafe 413 fince 1755. a parifh

MID-MARR;

in

Aber-

mon.
800

about on the N. fide, formerly a common, but now divided. A confiderable part of it is improvable ; and already, by the hand of induftry, the barren muir has been converted into fertile fields. About 200 acres are covered with natural wood. The Almond, which bounds the parifli on the N. and E. poffeffes many waterfalls, upon which a great deal of maacres,
lies

A tract of wafte ground,

chinery is erected ; particularly the cotton works at Cromwell Park, and a extenfive paper mills at Woodend. The principal manufacture is the weaving of linen, of which, in 1792, there were ftamped in the ftamp-office here, 140,448 yards. In this parifh is Methven-eaftle, the feat of Lord Methven, well known in the hiftory of Scotland as the place where King Robert was defeated by the Englifh army under the Earl of Pembroke, in 1306. The population in 1793, was 1786; decreafe 3 fince 1755. a fmall river in Lanarkshire, which rifes by two branches in the high lands which divide Clydesdale from Eaft Lothian. Thefe unite in the parifh of Libberton, within a mile and an half of the Clyde, and ioon bring a great acceffion of water to that rapid river. Mey (Loch); a lake in the county

deenfhire ; about 6| miles long by $\ broad, containing 9780 acres, of which 3500 are under tillage, 940 fit for pafture, 210 planted, and the remainder muir and mofs. The furface is in general level ; the only eminence deferving notice being the hill of Fare, which is elevated 1793 feet above the There are 3 druidilevel of the fea. cal fanes or circles, and feveral cairns and tumuli are pointed out. The vale of Corricbie, near the fouthern boundary, is well known as the fcene of a battle fought during the reign of Queen Mary, wherein the contending parties were headed by the Marquis of Huntly and the Earl of Murray. Here are feveral chalybeate fprings ; and the hill of Fare affords granite,

which

Methven;

is very beautiful, and capable of receiving a high polifli, Mr. William Melton, profeffor of philofophy in the Marifchal college of Aberdeen, and author of a fmall volume of burlefque and fatirical poems, was a naIn 1791, the potive of this parifli. pulation was 945; decreafe 34 fince

1755-

Migdol (Loch); a lake in Sutherlandfhire, in the parifh of Creech about 2 miles long, and 1 broad.

Milk
fhire,

a fmall river in Dumfries-

which takes its rife in the parifh and, after a courfe of aof Hutton bout 14 or ij miles from E. to W,
;

falls

into the

Annan near to

the church.

MIN
of
St.

MO C
MINTO
fhire,
;

Mungo.

It

abounds with excel-

a parifh in

Roxburgh-

of an oblong figure, extending Millenwoodfell ; a mountain 2,\ miles in length by %\ in breadth, in Roxburghfhire, in the parifh of The river Teviot bounds it on the S. Caftletown, elevated about 2000 feet from which the furface rifes in an irregular manner to a confiderable above the fea level. ; a confiderable village height, exhibiting many beautiful and
lent trout.

MILLGUY

New romantic fcenes. The foil, towards or Eaft Kilpatrick, containing up- the river, is a light loam ; farther N. it wards of 200 inhabitants, who are is a ftrong clay, upon a tilly bottom. chiefly employed at the bleachfields The village of Minto, from which the and printfields in the neighbourhood. family of Elliot take the Britifh title MILNATHORT, vulgarly called of Baron, is fituated near the Teviot, Mills of Forth ; a confiderable village and contains about 120 inhabitants. in Kinrofs-fhire, in the parifh of Or- Near it is an extenfive nurfery, long well, about 3 miles from the town of fince eftablifhed by the Dickfons, Kinrofs, on the road to Perth. It is from which originated the nurfery at a neat looking town, with no fewer Hawick, at Kinnoul near Perth, and than 4 places of worfhip, belonging to the extenfive one near Edinburgh, different religious fects. In 1794, it carried on by the fame family. The contained upwards of 450 inhabitants. fcenery, upon the banks of the Teviot, MILTON a fifhing village in the is very beautiful in this neighbourcounty of Kincardine, and parifh of hood. The elegant and ancient feat of
in Stirlingfhire, in the parifh of
;

10 miles long, and from 4 to 5 broad, lying on the bay of Luce. The coafl is beafchy, and the furface rifes abruptly at a fmall diftance from the fea : the general appearance is diverfified with flats and riling grounds, exhibiting a pleafant variety to the eye of the traveller. For feveral miles along the coaft, the foil is loamy and but they were fome time ago removed fertile ; in the middle it is thin and in levelling a field : they were found ftony, and on the W. fide there is a to contain afhes, and feveral pieces of great extent of barren land, compofed offenfive armour, all of which were of rocks, moffes, and green hills, afmade of brafs their fite is faid to fording pafture for fheep, of which point out the place of an engagement there are 5000 in the parifh. There between the Romans and the Scots, of are feveral extenfive plantations, which which Buchannan in his Hiftory of are in a thriving ftate. There is a Scotland gives a particular account. fmall convenient harbour at the fifhJn 1792, the population was 1420; ing town of Port William, which admits veflels of 200 tons burden. Met* increafe 211 fince 1755.
fhire,
,

Ecclefgreig ; containing, in 1780, 46 families, or 170 perfons. It has fince confiderably increafed. a parifh in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, 24 miles in length, and 13 in breadth. The furface exhibits a very rugged appearance, being compofed of rocky and heath-covered hills, fome of which are elevated 1660 feet above the level of the fea. It is watered by the Cree river, which is here navigable for fmall veflels. Some of the hills, in the neighbourhood of this river, are covered with wood, the greater part of which belongs to the Earl of Galloway. As the furface is fo rugged, the fiaple commodity of the country is fheep, of which above 30,000 are fed in this parifh ; befides a confiderable number of black cattle and goats. Several of the mountains contain lead ore, a mine of which is wrought to great advantage on the eftate of Mr. Heron of Heron. Formerly there were feveral large tumuli near the Cree

MTNNIGAFF;

(late Sir Gilbert Elliot); the awful and piclurefque rocks, called Minto craigs ; the houfe of Teviot Bank, the feat of Mr. Simpfon ; Haffendean-burn, the feat of Mr. Dickfon ; the plantations around thefe feats the church and village, with the ferpentine windings of the river ; all unite in forming a grand and delightful landfcape. The number of fheep is about 1680, and of black cattle 380. In 1796, the population was 513 ; increafe 117 fince 175 sMisty Law ; a hill in Ayrfhire, in the parifh of Lochwinnoch, elevated 1240 feet above the level of the fea.

Lord Minto

MOCHRUM

a parifh in

Wigton-

MOF
ton-boufe, lately built, is the elegant refidence of Sir William Maxwell of

MOF
kinds, fulphureous and chalybeate the former has been long called the

fituated on the banks and commands an extenlive prufpect of the bay of Luce, the lhores of Galloway, the ifle of Man, and the mountains of Cumber-

Monreith
of a

it is

fine lake,

land

near

it,

by way of

contrail,

ftands the old family caftle, furrounded by a wood of lofty trees. There are feveral old chapels, and the veftiges of fortifications.

Moffat zueH, and is fituated about 2 mile and an half from the village* from which there is a good carriage road, with accommodations at the well while drinking the water. By an accurate analyfis made in 1798, a wine gallon of the water was found to contain of Muriate of foda, 36 grains.

The

caftle,

or

Sulphurated hydro-

old place of Mochrttm, is a very picturefque ancient building, furrounded

"~

Azlri/gaV

cubic inches

with lakes it was formerly the feat of the Dunbars, Knights of Mochrum, but has for many years been the property of the Earl of Galloway. Population in 1794, 1400; increafe 572 fmce 1755.
;

aparifh fituated chiefly but a fmall part ; lies in the county of Lanark. Its form is irregular ; about 15 miles in length, and 9 in breadth. Upon the banks of the rivers Annan and Moffat, which water the parifh, there is a considerable extent of meadow and arable land, the foil of which is a mixture of clay and loam, mixed with the fand wafhed down in the courfe of ages from the high lands : the extent of this land is about 3000 acres,
in Dumfries-fhire
v

MOFFAT;

Carbonic acid gaz, 5 J The water will not keep ; for, though clofely corked up, in the courfe of z or 3 days it is found to have completely loft its fulphureous fmell ; it ought, therefore, to be ufed as foon as poffible, after being taken from the well. The other mineral well is the
Hart/el Spaw, of which an analyfis is given at that article. There is alio another chalybeate, at the end of the town, on the Dumfries road, near Evan bridge, of which a wine gallon contains of

Oxide of iron, 2 grains. Azotic gaz, 3 } Carbonic acid > cubic inches,
gaz, - - 13 ) All thefe minerals are much reforted to, and are famous for their cures in fcrophulous, herpetic, and rheumatic

of which only 300 are under culture. The furface in general is very rugged, and the mountains are high ; Hart/el, the moft elevated, being 3300 feet above the level of the fea. The number of fheep is from 18,000 to 20,000. The village of Moffat is fituated at the head of a plain or valley, extending upwards of 20 miles along the banks of the Annan, which runs on the W. of the village, at the diftance of 300 or 4po yards. It is encompaffed on all fides, except the S. by hills of different heights, partly planted, and partly under culture. The principal, or rather the only ftreet, is lpacious, with two good inns and lodging houfes, which are let to invalids during the fiimmer. The church
is

Near the village is a houfe of the Earl of Hopetoun, in which he frequently refides ; and, about a mile
affections.

and an half from Moffat is Dumcriefy the property of Dr. Currie of Liverpool, well known as a medical author, and as x editor of the laft edition of Burns' poems. It is delightfully fituated, and furrounded with extenfive plantations, which are interfered by the fmall river Moffat. Amongit the natural curiofities in this parifhj the Belle craig, and the cafcade of the Gray mare's tail, are deferving of notice. The following is the defcription of the former by a late tourift : About 300 yards beyond the third mileftone (on the road from Moffat to Cariifle), we left the high road, and afcended a kind of path on the right, which conducted us over a hill to the entrance of a glen, fkirted with wood.

a handfome building, 'furrounded

trees,

with
fect.

which produce

good

ef-

fcenery around the village is delightful; and the falubrity of the air renders it an excellent place of fummer retirement for invalids. Moffat has been long celebrated for its mineral waters ; thefe are of two

The

Through

this

wood we defcended by
diftincl:,

a path not very

to a

little-

brook, which

we

crofted,,

and pro-

MON

MON

Seeded along a road by the fide of light loam ; and, except a very little another brook : at this place the glen part on the coaft, the whole is arable. begins to contract, and its fteep fides The coaft is rocky ; and the rocks are covered with wood to the very confift of free and limeftone, with a top : on walking about an hundred great quantity of ironftone on the furyards, we came to a fcene highly pic- face. The town of St. Monance turefque. On our right a fine rugged poflefies a tolerable harbour, and was rock, crowned with oaks, and whofe formerly one of the moft confiderable face was covered with a lichen, of a fifhing towns on the Fife coaft. The beautiful whitenefs, mixed with heath parifh church is part of an old conand fhrubs, rifes perpendicular from vent, fituated on a rock projecting the bottom of the glen, and threatens into the Frith. It has been a very deftrudtion to thofe who venture near ftately Gothic pile of building, in the its bafe. The glen, towards the left, is form of a crofs; but the walls, and bounded by a precipice almoft cover- the eaftern arm of the crofs, which is ed with wood ; there being only a few occupied as the place of worfhip, are places where the bare rock is feen at all that now remains. In 1793, the one place, a fmall, but beautiful caf- population was 83 z ; increafe, 5 a fince cade, defcends from the top of the rock to join the burn below." The MONEDIE a parifh in Perthfhire, name of Belle craig is fuppofed to be fituated about 6 miles N. W. from the a corruption of the words held craig, town of Perth. Both in length and which is the provincial appellation of breadth, its extent is about 3 miles. a bare or bald rock. The cafcade, The foil on the low ground, near the called the Gray mare's tail, is formed banks of the rivulet Shockie, is partby the water which iffues from Loch ly a light loam, and partly gravelly Skeen, falling from one precipice to on the rifing grounds it is a rich another, darning, foaming, and thun- loam, upon a ftrong deep clay ; in dering from a great height, into a the places more diftant from the ridark pool, which is almoft hidden ver, it is a cold wet till, inclining to from the fpectator. The water, by its muir. The mode of hufbandry is precipitous fall, is fo broken by the greatly improved of late years ; and air, as to appear as white as fnow. the produce has been greatly increafed, The only mineral of value which is chiefly by the ufe of lime and marl, wrought, is a quarry of flate ; but the latter of which is found in great many of the hills are faid to contain abundance in the parifh. There are iron and copper. In 1791, the popu- feveral cairns, tumuli, and other antipulation was 1600, of which about quities ; and this parifh is noted as 1000 live in the village. the place of refidence of the diftinMOIDART, or a guifhed beauties Bejfy Bell and Mary ; diftrict in Invernefs-fhire, fituated in Gray, whofe graves are to be feen the S. W. corner of the county. near the foundations of a bower, on Mol-mount Hill, in the parifh the " bum brae ,*" where, according of Galfton in Ayrfhire, is of inconfi- to tradition, they had retired, to federable height ; but is remarkable for cure themfelves from infection during a very complete druidical circle, about that dreadful plague, which almoft 60 feet in diameter on its fummit, and depopulated the country, in the year the variety and extent of profpect it 1645, The late proprietor, Major commands. Barry, enclofed their burial-place with (St.), formerly nam- a wall of mafon work, with a tombed Abercrombie ; a parifh in Eifefhire, ftone, on which their names are inlying on the Frith of Forth, between fcribed. To the parifh of Monedie the towns of Ely and Pittenweem. It was lately annexed, quo adfacra, the
: ;

MOYDART

MONANCE

of fmall extent, being only a mile half in length, and a mile in breadth. The furface rifes fuddenly from the fea, but of no confiderable height ; after which it is fiat, rifing gently towards the N., exhibiting a beautiful appearance. The foil is a
is

New
1

Parish, or Logie-Amon.

In

and an

79 1, the population of the two diftridts was 1320; decreafe 172 fince

1755-

a parifh in Forfar; pleafantly fituated on the Frith of Tay, near where it extends into ths
fhire,

MONIFIETH

MON

MON

German ocean. It is fomewhat in the and, at a fmall village called Camusform of a wedge, 6 miles long, and town, is a large upright itone, which 3- broad at its S. W. extremity ; con- is faid to point out the place where taining nearly 3710 Scots acres, of Camus the Danifh general was flain which upwardsof 400 are fandy downs, and buried, after the battle of Barrie, covered with bent, and formerly un- in 1010. There are feveral fmall vilder water. The furface above thefe lages ; the largeft of which, Gouldie, In links is rugged but, upon the whole, contains about 170 inhabitants. tolerably fertile, and ahnoft entirely 1801, the population was 1236; dearable. It is watered by the liver creafe 44 fince 1 79 1. MONIMAIL; a parifh in Fifefhixe, Dicbty, and feveral of its tributary ftreams, which fall into the Frith of about 4 miles in length by 3 in breadth. Tay, at the village of Monifieth. Ad- The furface is in general level, riling joining to the links, the foil is fandy ; in feveral places into fmall hills, which ai e either entirely arable, or covered in the middle, it is loamy and fertile and inclining to muir at its northern with planting. The foil is fertile, and border. There are 3 villages, viz. the highly improved. MeU'ville-hou/e, the Eajl Ferry, containing, in 1793, 230 feat of the Earl of Leven and Melville, inhabitants; Monifieth, containing 175 and Ruthven-cajtle, the feat of Lord Here and Drumjlurdy muir, containing 130. Ruthven, are in this pariih. Near the Eajl Ferry, on a point of alfo is the ruins of Fairney, fuppofed land projecting into the Tay, ftands to have been one of Macbeth' s catties; the caftle of Brougbty, formerly the and a tower, in tolerable prefervation, key to the navigation of the river, but part of an extenfive building, which now in ruins. The houfe of Fintry was long the refidence of Cardinal or Lumleythen, is fituated on the N-W. Beaton. In 1792, the population was border of this parifh, and the ancient 1101 ; increafe 217 fince 1755. houfe of Grange, ftanding near the a parifh in Perth; meeting of the Dicbty with the Tay, fhire, unitedwith the parifh of Strow/till difplays marks of ancient magnina. This united pariih is fituated in ficence. The principal manufacture the upper part of Stratherne, and are is the weaving of coarfe linen cloth of a triangular form, 8 miles long by for the Dundee market. Near Drian- 6 broad. The general appearance is Jiurdy muir are the remains of an an- romantic and hilly ; but the mouncient fortification, the ftones of which tains are of lefs elevation than thofe bear marks of fufion. In 1793, the in the neighbouring parifhes. The population was 1218; decreafe 203 foil is various, but the greater part is fince 1755. light and gravelly; the hanghs, on the MONIKIE ; a pariih in Forfarfhire, banks of the Erne, are frequently overf a triangular figure, 6 miles long, flown, and produce rich crops. The and 4 broad at its northern extremity, old fyftem of farming, and the divifion from which it gradually lefTens in into infield and outfield, is ftill folbreadth, till it terminates at the fandy lowed in moft parts ; but, by the exdefert, at the mouth of the river Tay. ample of the late Sir William Murray The furface is diverfified with feveral of Ochtertyre, the tenants upon that large hills ; and a ridge running from eftate are beginning to follow regular E. to W. divides it into two diftricls, rotations of cropping. The hills are which vary confiderably in point of in general rocky, interfperfed with fertility and climate ; the fouthern patches of green verdure and heath, part being rich and early, and the well adapted for fneep pafture. Bennorthern moift and cold: in the latter chonzie, the higheit mountain, is elediftrict alfo, is an extenfive tracf of vated 2922 feet, and Fcrleum is 1400 jnuir, which has lately been planted, feet above the level of the lea. There and now forms a part of the policy of is a confiderable extent of oak and the houfe of Panmure, which is fitu- birch natural copfes, befides a great ated in the neighbouring pariih of variety of foreft trees, lately planted Fanbride. Near a place called the Cur on the eftates of Sir Patrick Murray lilh, are a number of cairns, called and Colonel Robertfon. In 1794, there the bier cairns, fome of which have were in the parifh 240 horfes, 1000 been found to contain human bones head of black cattle, and jooo fheep.
;
-

MONIVAIRD

MON
Ochtertyre, the feat of Sir Patrick

MOM
Muracres.

ray, with a beautiful front of cut and polifhed granite, is fituated immediately over the lake of Monivaird,

which covers about 30

fituation
is

The

truly romantic ; the durable granite correfponds with the mountains behind, and the elegance of the apartments agrees with the cultivated fields in front. The lake winds in a beautiful manner, amongft green hills and the plantations ; whilft the marl found at its bottom dilfules a luxuriant verdure on the furrounding enclofures. The fituation of Laewen, the feat of Colonel Robertfon, is alfo delightful ; and art has polifhed and improved nature. The Erne winds through the town; and the fertile vale of Stratherne lies under the commanding profpect from the houfe, whilft a foreft of tall trees fhelters it on every Colonel Dow, author of the fide. " Hiftory of Hindooftan," a gentleman of confiderable literary talents, In 1793, is a native of this parifh.

(OLD), lies be^ twixt New Monkland and the river Clyde. It is about 10 miles long, and 3! broad. The foil is in general fertile ; on the banks of the Clyde it is clay, and becomes fandy and moffy as we proceed northward. The whole is enclofed, and has the appearance of an extenfive garden, beautified with numerous feats and villas, belonging to the merchants of Glafgow, fome of which are very elegant, and finifhed in the greateft tafte. Befides a great extent of natural wood, there are above 1000 acres of thriving plantation. The Monkland canal, from the city of Glafgow to this diftricl:, has been of material fervice to this part of the country, in promoting trade and manufactures. The principal of thefe are a brick and tyle work, and pottery
;

MONKLAND

feveral bleachfields

and print-

the population
43.?

was 1025

decreafe

MONKLAND;
;

"nee *755fo

creafe 2187 fince 1755. of Newbottle, to whom it originally a village in ; belonged it was long but one paro- Edinburghfhire, in the parifh of Inbut, in 1640, it was di- verefk, containing, in 1794, 163 inhachial charge vided into two, called East, or New bitants. Monkland ; and West, or Old and PRESTICK Monk land. New Monkland is the an united parifh in Ayifhire. It extends about 4 miles in length, and in moft northerly parifh of Lanarkshire about 10 miles long from E. to W., general about 3 in breadth, but in and 7 in breadth at the middle, but one place it is not above a mile and a narrower at both ends. The furface half broad. The furface rifes gradu-

narkfhire

named from

a diftrict in Lathe monks

the extenfive Clyde iron works; and the exportation of the excellent coal and ironftone with which it abounds. Limeftone is found in fmall quantities, and there is great plenty of excellent freeftone. In 1792, the population was upwards of 4000 ; infields;

MONKTON-HALL

MONKTOWN

tolerably level, rifing gently to a ally from the fea, and the foil varies ridge in the middle from the rivers Cal- from fandy downs, covered with bent, der and Luggie, which are its bound- to a rich loam or clay. The greater The whole is part is enclofed ; and there are about aries on the S. and N. a beautiful champaign country, almoft 40 acres of natural wood, befides exThere are 2 vilentirely enclofed, and agreeably diver- tenfive plantations. iified by vales and gentle eminences. lages, viz. Monkto<wn and Prejlick The foil varies from a rich clay to the former containing about 230 inmofs, and is in general fertile, pro- habitants, and the latter 266. Orangeducing abundant crops of wheat, bar- field, the feat of Mr. Dalrymple, is ley, peafe, beans, &c. and particularly the only manfion deferving of notice. of oats and potatoes: about 100 acres In 1793, the united parifhes contained are generally fown with flax. Jn this 717 inhabitants; increafe 135 fince parifh is fituated the town of Airdrie, 1755Montb attack; one of the Gramwhich, in 179a, contained about 1762 inhabitants. Coal and ironftone are pian mountains, in the parifh of Strafound in every farm, both of exceed- chan,in Kincardinefhire, elevated 3410 ing fine quality. In 1792, the popu- feet above the level of the fea.
is

lation

was 3560;

increafe 847 fince

MONTEITH,
Stewartry

or

MENTEITH
diftrict,

(the

of);

or

MON
former divifion of Perthfhire, comprepart of the county hending the S. or, in other words, all the lands that lie upon the ftreams which difcharge

MON

neatly built, confifting of a fine fpa> cious main ftreet, with by-lanes, and W. is juftly accounted one of the firft provincial towns for its fize in Scotthemlelves into the Forth, except the land, or perhaps in Great Britain. parilh of Balquhidder, which belonged The houfes, if not elegant, are, upon to the ftewartry of Stratherne. Mon- the whole, well built, and regular j teith formerly gave title of Earl to a but, like the Flemifh towns, have their branch of the noble family of Graham. gables turned towards the ftreet. The Monteith (Loch); a beautiful principal buildings are, the Old Town* expanfe of water in that difcrict ; a- houfe, fituated in the middle of the bout j miles in circumference, adorn- principal ftreet, lately repaired as a The Nenu Toivn-boufe is a ed with z beautiful iflands, and a pe- prifon. ninfula covered with trees. It abounds neat low building, with piazzas bewith pike, perch, eel, and trout, and low, and rooms for public bufmefs difcharges its waters into the river above. The parifh Church is a large new building, very elegantly finifhed, Forth. (PORT of ) ; a pa- meafuring 98 feet long by 65 over The Epifcopal Chapel, fituated rifh in Perthfhire. Vide Port of Mon- walls. in the links, to the eaftward of the teith. ; a parifh in town, is a neat building, with a fine Aberdeenfhire ; extends about 9 miles organ. The Lunatic Hofpital, alfo fifrom N. to S., and 6 from E. to W., tuated in the links, is a plain and and about io-l in a diagonal direc- commodious building, built in 1779, tion. It is watered by a conliderable not only for the reception of lunatics, rivulets, one of which is tributary to but alfo for the reception of indigent the Dcveron, and the other to the fick, or as a difpenfary for the relief Ttban. By the fide of thefe ftreams of out-patients. The public fchools the foil is deep and fertile ; but the are deferving of notice, not only as The other affording excellent accommodation feafons are generally late. arable land is light loam, which, when but alfo for the well deferved charac* properly cultivated, repays by rich ter which they have received from the crops the labour and expence of the mode of education. In 1785, a Public farmer ; but the cultivated land bears Library was eftablifhed by fubferipa very fmall proportion to the extent tion, on a moft liberal plan, which of moffy and heathy ground, which now contains fome thoufand volumes, makes the general appearance wild by the beft authors. Of late, the and forbidding. There is one village town has received a great improvein the parifh, called Cuminejlo-xvn, ment, by the formation of a fine bridge which owes its erection to the active over the South E/k, by the ifland of exertions of the late Jofeph Cumine, Inchbrayock, which gives an open comEfq. of Aucbry ; which eftate bears munication with the fouth country, witnefs of the good fenfe of the late without having recourfe to the preowner, from the agricultural improve- carious and troublefome paffage of a ments, and the eftabliihment of the ferry boat. new ftreet has alfo beea village, which now contains 400 inha- formed, from the end of the bridge to bitants. The number of fheep, in 1 791, the middle of the town, by cutting was 1300; of black cattle 1350 ; and through a conliderable hill, called the of horfes 290. In this parifh was Fort hill. The harbour of Montrofe fought the battle of Lendrum, in is very commodious, admitting vef which Donald Lord of the Ifles re- fels of large burden ; and, in the river ceived a final overthrow. In 1791, below the town, there is fafe anchorthe population was 1470 ; increafe age. There is a dry and wet dock, for building and repairing fhips. Mon473 fince 1755. a royal borough, trofe is a port of the cuftom-houfe, ; and fea port town of Angus-fhire comprehending, within its bounds, feated on a peninfula, formed by the the coaft from the lights of Tay on South EJi river, a large expanfe of wa- the S., to Bervie Brow or the Todter, called the JBa/bn, formed by that head on the N. The number of vefriver and the German ocean. It is feis belonging to it in 1789, was 103,

MONTEITH

MONTQUHITTER

MONTROSE

MON
;

MON

of 5849 tons of which 53 belonged more diftinguifhed by the reli'dence* to the town of Montrofe. Theft are of perfons of opulence and falhion r chiefly employed in the coafting and than of commerce and induftry. It Baltic trade, and 3 veffels are 'concern- has its theatre, monthly afiemblies, ed in the whale fifhery. The princi- and other places of amufement ; and, pal manufacture is the linen yarn and for feveral years paft, it has been dithread; and the iheeting and fail-cloth ftinguifhed for its well attended races. manufactories have been carried on It contains about 5200 inhabitants . to a conhderable extent. There is an The parifh of Montrose is about 1 exteniive tan-work, and feveral rope- miles long, and zl broad, lying bewalks. Montrofe has enjoyed the pri- twixt the mouths of the rivers Noi-tb vileges of a royal borough for up- and South EJks, over each of which wards of 460 years. In its municipal rivers there is a handfome bridge. capacity its corporation confifts of 19 The latter river, before paffing the members, viz. a provoft, 3 bailies, a ifland of Inchbrayock, about 2 miles dean of guild, treafurer, hofpital-maf- from its mouth, expands into a wide ter, 10 merchant counfellors, and % lake, called the Bafon, into which the counfellors from the trades. The tide flows, wafhing the garden walls counfellors are felf-elecled, and no of the houfes on the W. of the town. change of the merchants is required; This bafon is nearly dry at low wabut the trades muft be changed every ter; and, in the 17th century, an attwo years. The revenues of the town tempt was made to cut off a confiderare fmall ; but, being managed with able part by means of a dyke, from care, have been applied to great ad- the Fort-hill to the eft ate of Dun. It vantage, in making the late improve- was nearly carried into execution, ments in the harbour, bridge, and when a ftorm arofe and levelled the Fort-hill roadIt joins with Aber- dyke with the ground. The parifh deen, Aberbrothock, Bervie, and Bre- is lever; the lands are well cultivated, chin, in fending a member to parlia- and ornamented with feveral elegant ment ; and it gives title of Duke, as feats ; particularly Kinnabar, from whence the Duke of Montrofe takes it did formerly of Earl and Marquis, to the chief of the noble family of the title of Baron ; Charkton, the feat Graham. One of the moft ancient of Mr. Carnegie j Newmans-walls, L vick, &c. houfes in town, now converted into Borroivfield, Hedderr There an hotel, is famous for being the houfe are feveral mineral fprings, both chawhere the celebrated Marquis of Mon- lybeate, and containing fulphurated In 1801, the potrofe was born, and in which the Pre- hydrogenous gaz. tender flept on 13th February 1716, pulation was 7974; increafe 1774 the night before he made his efcape. fince 1791, and 2044 more fince 1755. ; a parifli in AberNext morning, he went on board a frigate which lay in the river, from deenfhire, in the diftricc of Garioch, which he was fafely landed in France, about 7 miles long, and from 4 to 5 Montrofe was aifo the firft port which broad, The foil is in general of a the French fleet made, when they had light loam, interfperfed with fields of that prince on board ; having over- a clayey nature ; both of which are fhot the mouth of the Frith of Forth extremely productive under proper culture. The arable land lies moftly fo far, for which they were deftined but that miftake, which was firft upon the banks of the Don, which thought a misfortune, was a deliver- runs through the parifh; the remaindance to them ; for they had fcarcely er is hilly, and either appropriated landed their troops, when the Engliih for pafture, or covered with thriving fleet under Sir George Byng made its plantations. The parifh contains 9337 appearance, from which they with acres, of which 3892 are cultivated, difficulty efcaped, which they could 2050 under wood, 732 pafture, and not have done had they entered the the remainder muir and mofs. The James landed number of fneep, about 60 years ago, reftuary of the Forth. on the 2 2d of December 17 15 ; and, was 4000 and upwards ; but they are Aas before mentioned, embarked at the now fupplanted by black cattle. fame place, on the 14th February fol- griculture is much attended to, chiefly lowing. Montrofe is a very gay place; through the example of Sir Archibald
4

MONYMUSK

MOR
Grant, the fole proprietor, who has particularly employed himfelf in agriMonymuji, the cultural experiments. feat of that gentleman, is an elegant building, with beautiful gardens, and extenfive policies. In 1791, the population was 1127; increafe 32 lince
favour of

MOR
its "fertility, climate, and alubrity; and it ufed to be a common faying, that it enjoyed 40 days more

MONZIE ; a parim in Perthfhire ; about 12 miles long, and 7 broad ; lying about 14 miles from the town of Perth, and 3 from Crieff. It is very mountainous, the only habitable

1755-

of fair weather than moft other parts of Scotland. In Whitelock's " Memorial" (Edit. Lond. 1732, page 517), a book of great authority, there is a curious teftimony in favour of the country in Oliver Cromwell's time. He
fays,

" Afli field's regiment was marched into Murray land, which is the moft fruitful country in Scotland ; and the common proverb is, that it hath fifpart being two valleys, feparated from teen days more of fummer than any each other by a ridge of hills 4 miles other part of the nation." Buchanbroad. Not above one third part is nan fays, " that Moray, for pleafantarable, the remainder being covered nefs and the profit arifing froni fruit with heath, coarfe grafs, or mofs, af- trees, furpaffes all the other countries fording pafture for upwards of 10,000 of Scotland." The country, however, fheep. It is watered by the Amo?id, is not now deferving of this high chathe Keltle, and the Skaggie, upon racter; it is, indeed, ftill diftinguifhtd which there are feveral very romantic for the fuperior earlinefs, fertility, and cafcades. Monzie, the feat of Colo- warmth, to fome more fouthern counnel Campbell, is an elegant modern ties ; but the ftate of agriculture is fo building, delightfully fituated, and far behind, as to overbalance thefe adfheltered by a foreft of very large vantages. The old fyftem of inceffant trees. There are fome natural caves tillage, without reft to the ground, or one of which, called the Kirk of the without having any fnfficient proporwood, is a great curiofity. As the an- tion fown out in grafs, or other green cient Caledonians and Romans conti- crops, ftill prevails. The tenants are nued their contefrs long, at the foot without leafes, or have leafes too fhort of the Grampians, we find a vaft for anfwering any valuable purpofe. number of camps, forts, and fimilar Enclofures are very few ; and thefe relics of antiquity. There are alfo are chiefly around the proprietors many cairns, one of which is called feats. The art of draining lakes is Cam Combat, in memory of Fingal's alfo in its infancy ; and many lakes father. It is faid, that the famous cover a very confiderable extent of Caledonian bard Oman lies here : his excellent land, which might eafily be tomb was difcovered by General regained. The culture of fruit trees Wade's fervant, when making the has alfo of late been almoft totally negreat Highland road. In 179;,, the glected. The beft orchards are at population was 113 6; decreafe 56 prefent often found about deferted lince 1755. caftles and religious houfes, nearly as much in decay as the buildings they ; a fmall parifh in Fifefhire, being only %\ miles long by \\ furround. The general appearance of miles broad; containing 1100 acres. the country is likewife unfavourable ; It lies about 2 miles from Cupar, the although there is abundance of excelcounty town ; and, in 1793, contained lent ftones for building, the people only 171 inhabitants, being a decreafe are in general ill lodged. The meanof 78 fince 1755. nefs of their cottages, the leannefs of Moorfoot Hills; a range of their cattle, the want of enclofures, moorifh hills, in the fouthern bound- Sec. prefent to the eye of a ftranger a ary of Mid-Lothianfhire. very unfavourable view of a country MORAY, or (COUN- naturally rich. Perhaps it was owing of) formerly comprehended the to thefe circumftances, that the late fhires of Nairn, Moray Proper, or Principal Robertfon, while in Moray, Elgin, and a great part of the fhire faid, with furprife, " is this the fine pf Banff. It was anciently counted province of which I have heard fo the granary of Scotland; and the oldeft much?" Moray was formerly a bifciftoxians are layifli of their praifes in fhopric, the feat of whofe fee was at

MOONZIE

TY

MURRAY

Xx

MOR
Elgin, and the principal refidence of the Bifhop at Spynie. It is now a fynod, comprehending alfo a confiderable part of the county of Invernefs. It gives title of Earl to a branch of the noble family of Stuart.

MO R
ftone, limeftone,

and marl, no mineral fubftance of value have been difcovered. Morayfhire is divided into 18 parochial diftridts, which contained in 1 791-8, 26,080 inhabitants; decreafe 2854 fince 1755. The valued rent is (PROPER), or 65,605k os. 5d. Scots, and the real ELGINSHIRE, is the middle diftricl land rent may be eftimated at 41,420!. of the ancient county of Moray. It fterling. MORAYFRITH,OrMURRAYFRITH J is bounded on the N. by that branch of the German ocean called the Mo- a confiderable inlet of the German ray Frith; on the E. and S. E. by ocean, the JEJluarium Vararis of the Banff-fhire ; on the S. by Inver- ancient geographers. From between nefs-ihire ; and on the W. by the Tarbetnefs in Rofs-fhire on the N., counties of Invernefs and Nairn, It and Kinnaird'j-bead, in the diftricl of extends about 42 miles in length, and Buchan, on the S. it extends in a its average breadth is about 20. The wefterly direction as far as Invernefs, fouthern pail is rocky and mountain- Its breadth, oppofite to the point of ous, called the diftricl of Braemoraj, Arderfier, on which Fort George is which is occupied with extenfive fo- built, is contracted to about a miles ; Tefts. The lower parts, towards the above which it expands into a confiN. are rich and fertile ; but might derable bay, with fafe anchorage. At eafily be rendered more productive. its extremity it receives the rivers Ne/s

MORAYSHIRE

W.

principal rivers are, the Spey, Findborn, and Lojfte ; all of which abound with falmon. It contains two royal boroughs, viz. Elgin, the coun-

The

and Beaulie.
; a fmall parifh in the county of Roxburgh ; lying at the foot of the Cheviot hills, and watered

MORBATTLE

ty town, and Forres

and

feveral

considerable towns, as Grantoivn, Gar-

mouth, Lqffiemouth, &c. The principal feats are Gordon-caftle, the feat of the Duke of Gordon ; Cajlle Grant, the feat of Sir James Grant ; Altyre, the feat of Colonel Cumming, &c. Morayfhire abounds with many remains of antiquity ; of which the cathedral of Elgin, the magnificent abbey of Plufcardine sear the town of
Elgin, the Bifhop's palace at Spynie, the caftles of Lochindorb, Dunphail, and the dun of Relugas, in the parifh The ancient Scotof Edenkeillie. tifh hiftorians, particularly Fordun and Buchannan, give accounts of the Danes landing in Moray, about the year 1008, when Malcolm II. marched againft them, and was defeated near Forres : after this they brought over their wives and children, and were in pofTeffion of the country for
;

rivers Boivmont and Kail; both of which rivulets fall into the Tweed. The village of Morbattle, which contains about 200 inhabitants, lies about 8 miles E. from Jedburgh, and 7 S. from Kelfo. Only a fourth part of the parilh is cultivated, but the greater part is fufceptible of cultivation ; and traces of the plough yet remain on the higher grounds, which are not at prefent under culture. The foil is light, but tolerably fertile. There are the remains of feveral encampments ; and the ruins of Corbet-houfe and Whitton-cajlle, ftill fhew they have been places of great extent and ftrength. In 1793/ the population was 789 ; no alteration fince 1755.

by the

MORDINGTON;

a parilh in

Berwickfhire, fituated in the S. E, corner of the county adjoining to the lands belonging to the town of Ber-

wick-upon-Tweed, commonly called fome time until they were finally Berwick bounds. Its form is irregular j expelled by that monarch, after the about 4 miles long, and 2 broad at but in the middle it victory gained over them at Luncarty the extremities
;

near Perth, at Barrie in the county of Angus, and at Mortlach in the county of Banff. There are many monuments of that nation ; the moft remarkable of which is Sweno's Jlone ox pillar, on the road from Nairn and Forres, in the parifh of Raffbrd. Except free-

not above a furlong in breadth. It is bounded by the Wbittadder on the S., the banks of which are flat, and of a fertile clay foil, rifing gradually towards the N. where the foil is thin and muiry ; towards the E. where the ocean is the boundary, the foil is a
is

M OR
light loam, upon a rocky bottom. In 1650, the parifh of Lamerton was
;

MOR
ly in that of Rathen.
Its elevation is

only 810 feet above the level of the annexed to this parifh, the church of fea but, riling in a conical form near which is noted to have been the place the coaft, it affords a conlpicuous where King James IV. of Scotland land-mark for failors. a diftricT: of Invernefswas married to Margaret daughter of ; Henry VII. of England, in 1503, fhire, lying on the W. coaft of the which paved the way, firft for the county, between Moiciartand Glenelg. a parifh in Banffunion of the two crowns, and afterwards of the two kingdoms. The fhire, of an irregular figure, 12 miles church is ftill pretty entire, and is in length, and at one place nearly as now the burying-place of the family much in breadth. About one-twentieth of Lamerton. The London road by part only is cultivated ; the remainder Berwick paffes through the parifh ; as is coarfe pafture, muir, and meadow alfo the road from Berwick to Edin- land. It is watered by the Fiddich and burgh by Dunfe. Though neither Dullan, two beautiful rivulets, which coal nor limeftone are wrought, yet are tributary to the Spey ; the Bevein feveral places we find veftiges of ron alfo bounds it on the S. for a few both there are alfo fmall veins of hundred yards. The appearance of ironftone, and abundance of freeftone. the country is very rich and beautiLamerton, the feat of Alexander Ren- ful ; being variegated with hill and ton, Efq. is an elegant manfion. Ed'mg- dale, corn land and pafture fields ton-caftle, the ruins of which fhew its while the trees fkirting the banks of former ftrength, is (ituated or. the the rivers, and the gentlemens feats top of a fteep rock, at the foot of and pleafure grounds interfperfed, which the Whittadder flows. Here are combine to heighten the beauty of the landfcape. The arable foil is in alfo the remains of a Danifh camp and, not far from it, is a hill called general a light loam, abundantly ferthe Witches Know, where, fo late as tile ; the number of black cattle is athe beginning of the laft century, fe- bout acoo; of h'orfes 350; of Iheep veral unfortunate women were burnt 5000 ; befides a few goats. The for witchcraft. In 1801, the popu- hills abound with all kinds of game. lation was 330 ; decreafe 5 fince 1793, There are feveral extenfive plantabut giving an increafe of 149 fince tions, on the properties of Lord Fife and the Duke of Gordon. Bal-venyJ755a parifh in Hadding- houfe, one of the feats of the Earl of ; tonfhire, one of the fmalleft in Scot- Fife, is a large and elegant modern land, both in point of population and manfion, but very ill fet down. There extent, containing only 1000 acres, are 3 old caftles, at Auchindnne, Bal~ and 190 inhabitants being a decreafe <ueny, and Edhiglaffie ; all of which are in the latter of 155 fince 1755. The of great antiquity. Mortlach is famous foil is in general good, being moftly as the fcene of the fignal victory gainclay, with a mixture of loam : the ed by Malcolm II. over the Danes, whole is enclofed, and well cultivated. by which thofe invaders were obliged The property of it is nearly equally to leave the fertile province of Moray, divided betwixt the Earl of Wemyfs, of which they had long enjoyed the pofTeffion. Upon this occafion, Maland Mifs Dalrymple of Hailes. Moriston ; a river in Invernefs- colm, in gratitude for his victory, in fhire, which rifes in Glenfheal and, roio, raifed Mortlach into an Epifcov palling through Loch Cluani, falls into pal fee ; and, in point of precedences Loch 'Ncfs, near the houfe of Major made it only inferior to St. Andrews, Grant of Glenmorifton, where, a lit- whofe biihop at that time was defigntle above its entry into the lake, it ed the Epifcopus Scbtorwm, or " bifhop forms a grand caica&e. It gives the of the Scots." Mortlach, however, name of Glenmor'tjlon to the vale did not long enjoy this honour; for, through which it runs, which forms in 1139, the fee was tranflated to Old Aberdeen, which, in 1154, got the a part of the pariih of Urquhart. a fmall hill in name, and became the feat of the diothe diftricl: of Buchan, fituated partly cefe. This parifh claims a relation to jn the parifh of Fraferburgh, and part- two Scottifh fongs of no fmall cele-

MORROR

MORTLACH

MORHAM

MormondHill;

MOR
tirity, viz.

MOU
in

AldevaU is indented with many bays ; on the locb,"'A\\r\ " Tibby Fowler in 'be Braes" fhores of which there are great quanThe heroine of the latter is ftill re- tities of fea ware, from which about membered by fome old men; and the 70 tons of kelp are annually made. Glacks of Ballocb, mentioned as the The principal antiquity is the ruin of
fcene of the former, is a remarkable narrow pafs, near the cafde of Auchindune. The late Dr. Lorimer, author of a treatife on " Magnetifm," and other works, was a native of this parifh. In 1794, the population was
a caftle called Ardterinijh, on the

" Roy's Wife

found

of Mull, where M'Donald of the Ifies ufed to refide and hold his parliaments. There are alfo, along the coaft, feveral

1918

MORTON;
about

decreafe456 fince 1755.

a parifh in

Dumand 3^

fries-fhire,

6 miles long,

account of Scotland, are deferving of attention. After havgeneral fertile, and well enclofed. It ing noticed that the name of the parifli is watered or bounded by the rivers of Morven was probably derived from Nitb, Carron, and Cample. The vil- Mor Earran- i. e. " great divifion or
lage of Tbornbill is pleaiantly fituated near the Nitb; and, in 1791, contained 430 inhabitants. The whole parifh, except two fmall farms, is the property of the Duke of Queeniberry. The remains of Morion-caftle are ftill very great ; and, from the traces of its foundation, it would feem to have been of much greater extent. It has been ftrongly fortified ; and the outlines of the fofle are ftill very diilincl. According to Mr Pennant, this caftle u was originally the refidence of Duninald, predeceffor of Thos. Randolph, afterwards created Earl of Murray by
lot," he fays, that " to thofe who are acquainted with the Gaelic language, it will appear evident that the meaning of this name muft be different from the word Mor Fen, as ufed in the poems of Offian, where it is derived from the Gaelic words " Mor Bheami," i. e. " of the great mountains ;" and feems to have been a general term for the Highlands or billy country. The common notion is, that the whole Highlands were the country of Fingal and his heroes ; for, in every part thereof, as

broad; containing 6340 Scots acres, of which 1800 are arable, 80 meadow, 4i9opafture, 180 moi's, and 90 covered with wood. The arable foil is in

temples and cairns. The muft call to recollection of every one the country of Fingal, and the heroes of Offian ; concerning which, and the etymology of the name Morven, the following redruidical

name of

this diftricT:

marks by the
ed

rev.

Mr. M-Leod,

infert-

in the ftatiftical

at which time ; with that of Auchincafs juftly be called Duthaicb nam Mor near Moffat, was difpofed of by Doug- Bbeann, or ** the country of high las of Morton, predeceffor of the Earl hills ;" but a Highlander never gives of Morton." In 1791, the population that name to this parifh, but calls it A mhor Earran, " the great divifion." was 908 ; increafe 473 fince 17^5. MORVEN, or MORVERN; a pa- In 1792, the population was 1764; increafe 541 fince 1755. rifli in Argyllfhire ; extending about Morven ; a hill in the parifh of 20 miles in length along the found of Mull, and 10 miles at its greateft Latheron, in Caithnefs ; elevated abreadth ; comprehending upwards of bout a mile above the fea level. Morven ; a high hill in Aberdeen6000 acres. The general appearance is hilly, but without mountains of any fhire, on the borders of the parifh of remarkable height. The hills are co- Logie-Coldftone. It is fuppofed to vered with heath, interfperfed with be upwards of 3100 feet above the

King Robert Bruce

well as in this parifli, there are names derived from them and their achievements. The whole Highlands might

this caftle,

verdure, affording pafture to upwards level of the fea. Motray; a fmall river in Fifefliire, of 14,000 fheep, and 2500 black cattle, and abounding with deer and other which takes its rife in the hill called game. The inhabited part is moftly Norman's Law, in the parifli of Ab~ along the coaft, where the ground is die ; and, after a fhort and gentle The foil of the courfe, falls into the Eden about half alfo under culture. arable land is thin and gravelly, pro- a mile before it pours into the bay of ducing, in favourable feafons, tolerable St. Andrews. a Highland parifh of wrops of barley and oats. The coaft i

MOULIN

MOU
Perthshire ; fituated at the junction of the Tummel and Garry. It comprehends two diftridts, lying in Athol and Strathardle ; the ftrft about 7 miles in length, and from 4 to 6 in breadth ; and the other nearly 6^ miles fquare : the latter alfo comprehends two final 1 diftricls, called Glenbriarackan and Gknjernoi, from the
fries-Shire

MU

between 4 and 5 miles is ; length, and 2 in breadth ; lying on the fide of the Lochar mofs and river. The furface is level, with feveral riling grounds, the afcent of which is fa gentle, as to permit culture to the very fummit : the foil, cloie to the mofs, is wet and marfiiy ; and the reft

two

is light and Sandy, except two or three running through them farms in the eaftern part, where the which, uniting, forms the river Ardh. foil is a rich and moderately deep The greater part of the parifh is loam. There is a fmall extent of namountainous, with feveral high and tural wood, and fome hundred acres abrupt precipices, though there are have been lately planted. Population no mountains which deferve particu- in 1792, 648 ; increafe 75 fince 1755 ; lar notice, from their great elevation. of thefe 116 refided in the village of The number of arable acres is about Moufwald. MOY; a parifh in Morayfhire, unit1950; and there are about 800 acres covered w ith natural wood and plant- ed to Dyke. Vide Dyke and Moy, The remainder is appropriated and DALAROSSIE; an ing. for pafturage. The village of Moulin united pariih in the district of Badecontains about 200 inhabitants ; and noch, in Invernefs-fhire ; about 30 the fmall village of Pitlochry, on the miles in length, and upwards of 5 in military road, contains about 160. breadth. The country is bleak, barNear the junction of the Tummel with ren, rugged, and mountainous, except the Garry, in this parifh, is the famous fome fmall haughs and ftripes on the pafs of Killicrankk, noted for the de- banks of the river Findhom, which feat of the royal forces of King Wil- are arable, with a tolerably fertile liam, by the adherents of King James foil ; upon which fmall crops of black under Vifcount Dundee. The place oats, bear, and rye, are raifed. Upwhere that nobleman fell ftill bears wards of 12000 fbeep, 1800 black catthe name of Tomb Clovers, i. e. tle, and 900 horfes, are fed in the hills, * Mount Clavers," from that circumwhich abound with game of all kinds. In the neighbourhood of the There is a good deal of natural wood ftance. village of Moulin is an old caftle, faid on the banks of the river Findkorn, to have belonged to the family of chiefly birch and alders ; and the Comyn,' about the middle of the 14th Laird of Mackintosh has very consicentury. Several PicriSh forts are derable thriving plantations of firs, distinctly to be feen, and feveral drui- mixed with other foreft trees. The dica\ fanes. Captain Campbell of Fin- lake of Moy is nearly 2 miles long by nab, well known for his gallant de- | of a mile broad in the middle of fence of the unfortunate Scots colony it is an ifland about 2 acres in extent*, of Darien, and his fubfequent misfor- on which are the remains of a houfe tunes, was a native of Moulin. In where the Lairds of Mackintosh re1791, the population was 1749; de- fided in times of trouble on it there creafe 360 fince 1755. are alio the remains of a Street, with Mouss ; a fmall river in Lanark- foundations of houfes, which lodged shire, which rifes in the parifh of Pet- his attendants: in 1422, it contained tinain ; and, after a circuitous courfe a garrifon of 400 men. The lake afrom E. to W., falls into the Clyde bounds with ckarr and trout. In 1792, about a mile below the town of La- the population of the pariih was 181 3 nark. Its banks are Steep and rocky, increafe 120 Since 1755. and clothed with natural wood they MOYDART. Vide Moidart. exhibit much romantic fcenery, of one of the Hebrides, be5 which a defcription is given in the longing to Argyllshire, and in the paof the account falls of the Clyde; (vide rish of Small Ifles. It lies 4 miles W. Clyde.) Some pieces of beautiful from the ill and of Eigg, and meafures jafper have been found in its bed, in 3 miles in length, and 1 in breadth. detached and water-worn nodules. The furface is pretty low, excepting a parifh in Dum- one hill of inconfiderabk height ; the ;

rivers

MOY

MUCK

MOUSWALD

MUI
fhil is

MUI
[

general good. The black! led the linn of Muick; near which is a cattle thrive well ; but no fheep are beautiful bridge of 3 large arches. reared in this ifland. The coaft is a pariih in rocky, and indented with feveral Stirlingfhire, fituated on the W. bank afford fhelter for fifh- of the Avon ; about 6 miles long, and creeks, which ing b^ats, but no fate harbour for vef- 2 broad. Near the river the foil is in two of thefe creeks are fmall light and gravelly ; the reft is clay, fels On the N. fide of the ifland with a mixture of mofs and muir. piers. lies Ealan-nan-each, " the ifland of The greater part has been enclofed horfes," which is of inconfiderable within thefe few years, and the ground extent, but affords good pafture. Be- is in general well cultivated. Part of tween them is a foul, rocky, narrow the ruins of an old abbey are ftill to channel, which ebbs dry at fpring be feen on the fide of the Avon ; and, The fifhing of cod and ling is near the church is the old caftle of tides. very productive ; and a confiderable Almond, formerly a feat of the Earls quantity of oil is extracted from the of Callender. There are feveral coal livers ofthe fun-fjh (called by the na- mines, and ironftone abounds. The tives Cearban), and fold annually to Avon in its courfe drives 17 mills the Glafgow merchants. The ifland within the bounds of the parifh. In is the property of Captain Lauchlan 1790, the population was 1065 ; deMaclean, who rents it at 25 2I. per an- creafe 344 fince 1755. or num, exclufive of the kelp which is ; a burnt on its fhores. In 1793, it con- parifh in Forfarfhire ; about 5 miles tained 193 inhabitants. The name of from Dundee, on the road from that the ifland in Gaelic is Ealan-nan- place to Brechin. It is of fmall exmuchd, literally the " ifland of fwine," tent, and the greater part is arable. which has induced Buchannan to There are feveral old caftles, viz. BaU lumbie, the property of the Hon. Wilterm it Infula Porcorum. a parifh in Argyll- liam R. Maule ; Wejler Ponvrie, the ; shire, united to Ardchattan. Vide property of Colonel Fotheringham of Powrie ; Eajler Poqvrie, the property Ardchattan and Muckairn. a pariih in Perth- of Mr. Wedderburn ; and Vfejler Gaishire, of a triangular figure, 5 miles gie, the property of Captain Guthrie On the property of Coin length, and from 2 to 3 in breadth, of Guthrie. containing about 4500 acres, of which lonel Fotheringham is a valuable marl 3000 are arable, and the remainder pit. The parifh abounds with freehilly, and fit only for pafture. The ftone. In 1793, the population was arable land is moftly of a light gra- 462 ; decreafe 161 fince 1755. velly nature, with a mixture of clay. a parifh in Ayrfhire, ; Its general It lies on the banks of the Donjan, in the diftrict of Kyle. where that river forms the romantic appearance is hilly, and the furface is falls of the Caldron Linn, &c. (vide mofily covered with heath, interfperfed Dovan.) Coal and lime abound in with fpots of verdure, which, taken the parifh ; but, for fome time paft, together, afford excellent pafture for Only a fmall proportion is fit neither have been wrought to any fheep. great extent. In 1793, the population for tillage, and the foil is either mofTy or gravelly. The only natural copfes was 526 ; decreafe 9 fince 1755. a fmall ifland in the or plantations are upon the banks of ; river Tay, nearly at the point where the rivers Greenock and Ayr, which The only the Erne joins that river. It is about run through the pariih. a mile long, and 200 yards broad, village is a neat ftreet, at a fmall diftance from the church, fituated on containing about 32 acres. Muick ; a fmall river in Aberdeen- the brow of a rifing ground, called It takes its rife from a confi- Garan-bil/ r which gives its name to fhire. derable lake of the fame name in the the place ; it has increafed greatly of Grampian mountains ; and, taking a late, owing to the introduction of the courfe through Glenmuick parifh, falls manufactures of iron, and coal tar; Into the Dee about 10 miles from its the latter on the plan recommended oppofite the church of Glen- by the Earl of Dundonald. No counSource nuiick it forms a large waterfall, cal- try is better Supplied with peat, eoaly
in

MUIRAVONSIDE;

MUIRHOUSE

MURROES

MUCKAIRN

MUCKART;

MUIRKIRK

MUGDRUM

MUL
)inie, and frccftone ; and ironflone Is found in the neighbouring pariihes.

MUL
vered with fnow, and the frofls are of lhort continuance. There are feveral lakes, which are the fourcesof the fmall burns which every where uiterfecT: the ifiand. The roads are very rugged, ftoney, and mountainous ; and at the fame time fo indiftinct, that it is next to impoffible to travel through the ifiand without a guide. There are feveral high monntains, the moft elevated of which is Benmore, which is conjectured to be upwards of ;.ooo feet above the level of the fea ; 'but its height has never been accurately meafured. There are two ftated ferries acrofs the found of Mull; one from Aros to Mor-ven, and the other from Acbnacraig to the ifiand of Kerre>-a f and thence to Oban. The only village of any considerable fize is Tober~ mory, at the northern extremity ; but there are fmall villages with inns, at Acbnacraig, and at Aros. The only manfion of note is Torhifk, the refldence of Mr. Maclean, the proprietor of one half of the ifiand and a considerable part belongs to the Duke of Argyll, whofe factor has a neat residence in the neighbourhood of Aros*. Upon a bold headland projecting into the fea, is fituated the old Cojilc-Duart or Doivart, formerly the feat of the Macleans, at which time they were proprietors of the whole ifiand. It is now in ruins; though fome parts of it are fo far habitable, as to afford accommodation to a fmall party of foldiers, detached from the garrifon of Fort William to reprefs fmugglers. At Aros are the ruins of another old caflle, alfo built on a fteep rock by the fea, and fecured on the land fide by a moat and draw-bridge; it is faid to have been long the residence of the Macdonalds Lords of the Ifles. The mineralogy of the ifiand is in many refpects worthy of attention ; a great part of it lies on a mafs of whinftone, only different from bafaltes in the coarfenefs of its grain ; in many places' the rocks are bafaltic, and often aifume a regular columnar form. Near Aros, there are fome rocks of white lava, a rare mineral, and feemingly like to that defcribed by Monf, Do-

In 1791, the population was noo; increale 355 fince 1755. a large ifiand of the He;

MULL

belonging to Argyll ; about 25 miles long, and nearly as much in breadth, interfered by feveral arms of the fea, and feparated from the dibrides,
ftrict

of

Lome by

narrow found,

cal-

led the found of Mull. The interior parts are hilly, and covered with heath; but, towards the coaft, there are fome flips of arable ground, though the extent is trifling compared with the

whole

ifiand.

On

this

account agri-

culture cannot be carried on to any considerable extent; but great numbers of black cattle are annually reared and exported, for which the ifiand is well adapted ; and, indeed, it is chiefly from the fale of thefe that the farmers make up their rents, which are paid In general, the rents are in money. fo high, that the fmaller tenants cannot, with all their care, make up their ; rents by the fale of cattle; and, therefore, are obliged, after having tilled their little arable land, to try fome other employment, as the burning of kelp, by which they fave a little money, and are enabled to pay their rents. There are few enclofures ; and, as every family cultivates a little corn, they are obliged to employ herds to their cattle, which not only takes a number of perfons from active employment, but alfo gives the herds The habits of extreme indolence. cattle of Mull are much efteemed and, of late, the Highland breed of fheep has been fupplar.ted by the Englifh or Cheviot breed. Agriculture is conducted in a very flovenly manner ; the plough is of the rudeft conftruction ; and the fea weed or fhell fand, which forms the chief manure, is carried from the coaft in bafkets and creels, on the backs of horfes. The principal obftacle to improvement is the want of leafes, and the frequent wars, for which Argyll fhire and the ifiand of Mull in particular, furnish great numbers of their beft farming fervants for foldiers. The climate of Mull is very moift, the rains lomieu in his " Memolres fur VJJle <le being frequent and heavy: fevere gales Ponces." Limeftone abounds, fome of wind from the W. are alfo very of which partakes of the nature of common : the winters are much mild- marble. Some feams of coal have er : the ground is feldom wholly co- been found in different parts; there

MUL
is

MUS
of Kerrera, which poffefTes feveral harbours ; in Mull there are the harbours of Aros and Achnacraig ; and, on the mainland, the excellent harbour of Oban,. From the found of Mull Loch Linnhe goes off in a N. E. direction, terminating in Locheil at Fort William. Mullbui, or Mull-buy; an extenfive ridge of barren hills, extending about 16 miles in length through that diftrict of Rofs and Cromartyfhires,

3 feet thick, in the hill of Beinanini, the property of Sir James Rid-

one

del,

which might probably be wrought

to advantage, and the quality of the feam about 18 inches coal is good. thick has been found in the parifh of Kilfmichen, the property of the Duke of Argyll ; and the fame mineral has alfo been difcovered on the eftate of Brolafs, the property of Captain MacIn one place lean of Kenlochieven. there is a ftratum of coal under bafaltes ; and in another, bafaltes incumbent on that mineral, perhaps the only inftance of the kind in the world. In the mountain of Ben-etiich, a lingular mineral fubftance is faid to have been difcovered, viz. a zeolite or compound filicious fpar, impregnated with petroleum. Sandftone and granite, of a fine quality, are abundant ; and pebbles of great variety and beauty are found on the fhores. At Balphetrijh is the famous ringing-jlone ; the dimeniions are 7 feet long by 6 broad, and 4^ feet thick ; it is of a dull gray colour, fpotted with ftars of black mica.) and totally different from the furrounding rocks ; it is fo hard, that it is impoffible with a common hammer to break off the fmalleft bit; and, when ftruck with a ftone or hammer, it yields a found like brafs or caft iron : the mineral properties of this curious ftone have not yet been inveftigated. Mull is calculated to contain about 425 fquare miles, and is divided into 3 parochial diftricts, viz.

which

is

called

Ardmeauack.

Vide

MUNGO

Ardmeanach.
(St.)
;

a parifh in

Dum-

fries-mire, IB the diftrict of Annandale, forming a fquare of about 4 miles, and

Kilfiriichen,

which
ifles

alfo

Kilninian, and Torofay, comprehend the adjacent

containing upwards of 4000 acres. It is furrounded on the E. and W. by high hills ; but the whole parifh is level, except fome eminences of fmall elevation, called the Nut-holm-bills, on one of which are the veftiges of a rectangular encampment. The Hoping fides of the hills are of a ftoney foil, but the greater part is of a rich and fertile loam. It is watered by the Milk and the Annan, both of which contain falmon ; the banks of the former river are beautifully clothed with natural wood ; and in many places, there are feveral thriving plantations. Caftle-milk, the relidence of Robertfon Lidderdale, Efq. is one of the moft delightful and romantic fituations that can well be conceived, furrounded with extenfive and highly ornamented pleafure grounds. In 1792, the population was 640; increafe 159 fince

a, Viva, Goof I-colm-kill, Staff metra, &c. containing altogether, in 7195, 8016 inhabitants increafe 2729 Of that number about fince 1755. 400 may inhabit the fmall iflands, making the total population of Mull only 7600. The valued rent is 744I. us. iod. fterling, and the real rent is
;

MUNGO
is

(St.)

a fmall ifland in

Loch Linnhe, with the ruins of a chapel, dedicated to the faint

whofe name

771 il.

fterling.

Mull Mull
loway.

of of

Cara.

Galloway.

Vide Cara. Vide Gal-

given to the ifland. Round tbe chapel is a church-yard, in which many of the neighbouring diftrict bury their dead. (St.); a hill in Aberdeenfhire, in the parifh of Huntly ; noted for the volcanic appearances which are obferved on its fides and fummit.

Mungo

Vide

Huntly.
Vide

MuLLofKlNTYRF. VideKlNTYRE.

MURRAY (COUNTY of).

of); a narrow arm Moray. Murray Frith. Vide Moray of the fea, lying between the ifland of Mull and the mainland of Argyll Frith. MUSSELBURGH; a confiderable and Invernefs-fhires. It is in general from a to 10 mile', broad, and affords fea-port town in the county of Midfafe anchorage for veffels of any bur- Lothian, feated at the mouth of the den. In the midft of it lies the iiiand river RJl x in, the parifh of Invereft;.>

Mull (Sound

MUS
;i)iout 6

MUT
and to grant infeftments ; and, upon the whole, it poffeffes all the privileges nf a royal burgh, except thofe of voting for the election oi a member of parliament, and of fending a delegate to the convention of burghs. Betwixt the fe'a and the town, lie the extenfive downs, called Mujfelbv.rgb links, excellently adapted for the In healthful exercife of the golf.
1792, the buvgh contained 4015 inhabitants, of

of great extent, being from 8 to 10 miles long, and from 6 to 9 broad : tain fums as quit-rent and feu-duty. the furface is hilly, and, of confeIt is reported that it received its firft quence, the foil is various : on the charter about 1340, from the Earl of haughs of the Erne and the Allan, Marr, for their attention to the great there is a confiderable extent of araRandolph Earl of Murray, who died ble Land, of a light loam, exceedingly in the town in July 1332. But the fertile ; the higher grounds are natumoft ancient charter now extant, is rally barren and wet ; and, towards dated nth December, 1562, and is the S. W. there are many thoufand
it is

miles E. by S. of Edinburgh. fuburb of Fi//xr-row, which is united to Mufielburgh by a bridge over the EJk, is confidered as forming a part of the burgh, and is under the fame magiftracy. Mufielburgh is a very ancient burgh of regality, and was once named Mujfelburgbjhire. Before the reformation, it belonged to the abbacy of Dunfermline ; but was taken from it by King James VI. who gave the fupeiiority of it to the Earl, afterwards Duke of Lauderdale. In this family it remained till 1709, when it was purchafed by the Duchefs of Monmouth and Buccleugh. It is now holden by the Duke of Buccleugh, as lord fuperior of the regality ; and pays annually to that nobleman, cer-

The

dded
roiv.

in MuJJelburgb,

which number and 1885 Vide Inveresk.

-1130 rein Fijher-

MUTHIL;

a pariih in Perthfhire,

fituated on the borders of the Highlands, betwixt Crieff and Dumblane ;.

granted by Robert commendator of acres, completely covered with heath Dunfermline, with confent of the or deep mofs. A confiderable pari is whele members of the convent : this covered with WGod, both natural and charter narrates, " that the title deeds, planted. Befides the Erne and the belonging to the burgh, were burnt Allan, it is watered by the rivulets by their enemies the Englifh, after Machany and Knaick, all of which athe fatal battle of Pinkie ; therefore, bound with falmon and trout. The they, de novo, grant, difpone, and con- village of Muthil is fituated on the firm to the prefent bailies, community, great military road to Invernefs, by and inhabitants of Mufielburgh, and Tay-bridge, 4 miles S. from Crieff, to their fucceffors," &c. This char- 17 from Stirling, and 16 from Perth. ter is confirmed by various fubfequent In 1792, it contained about 400 inhacharters and acts of parliament ; par- bitants. About a mile from the vilticularly by a charter from the Duke lage Hands Drummond-cajlle, the anof Lauderdale, dated 1670, in which cient feat of the noble family of Perth.
all

their ancient rights are narrated

In 1632, it was erecled into a royal burgh, by a charter under the great feal ; but the ma-

and confirmed.

gistrates

of Edinburgh found means

to obtain a reduction of that charter before the privy council, on 30th November of the fame year. It is governed by a town council of 18 members, 10 of which are elected from Mujfclburgb, and 8 from Fijhsr-roiv: out of thefe, 2 bailies and a treafurer are annually elected : there are alfo 7 incorporated trades. The annual revenue arifmg from fhore-dues, feuduties, mill-rents, &c. amount to up ivards of 1500I. The magiftrates are empowered to hold a court of record,

the head of the vale of Stratherne, and attracts the notice and admiration of every ftranger, from the beautiful and unbounded profpect it commands. Ardocb, the feat of Sir William Stirling, is alio a venerable and extenfive edifice. There are two Roman camps in this pariih ; one at Strageatb, and the other at Ardoch ; befides feveral forts of obfervation the camp at Ardocb is fuppofed to be the moft complete of any in Great B a tain ; (vide
It is delightfully fituated at
:

Ardoch.)

large cairn

was

lately

opened, and was found to contain a ftone coffin, in which was a human.
|

fkeleton 7 feet long. There are, in feveral places, the remains of druidica!

MUT
temples, and on the tops of eminences are teen many fmgle ftones of a gray colour, Mantling upright, from 10 to 14 feet high ; probably pointing out the grave of fome chief, or the fpot " Thefe," y/here he fell hi battle.

MUT
fays the Gaelic bard, " may be the ftones of renown, raifed to the foul that never melted before, but was like the fteel of his fword." In 1793, the

number of was 2948 ;

inhabitants in the parifh increafe 46 ftnee 1755.

N
NAI
(LOCH), or Loch Nabfau ; a fmall lake in Morayfhire, in the parifh of St. Andrews Lhanbryd. It is about 3 miles in circumference, and has a beautiful ifland covered with wood ; it is frequented by innumerable flocks of wild geefe and ducks, and fometimes is vifited by a few fwans. of); a part of the ancient county of Moray, does not exceed 16 or 18 miles in length, and is only 10 at its greateft breadth. It is bounded on the N. by the Moray Frith, and is furrounded in all other directions by the counties of Invernefs and Elgin. The general appearance is

NAI
county town of the county of Nairn,, fituated on the coaft of the Moray Frith, where the river Nairn flows intq that arm of the fea. 'It is a neat town, with a fmall and convenient harbour, which might eafily be improved. At

NABEE

NAIRN (COUNTY

what period it was erected into a royborough is uncertain ; the olde'ft charter extant is one from James VI. dated 1589, being the renewal of one granted by King Alexander, probably the firft of that name who fwayed the Scdttifh fceptre. That charter was confirmed by one from Charles II., of date 1 661, by which the government of the town is vefted in 17 perfons, viz.
al

a provoft,
treafurer,

3 bailies,

a dean of guild,
;

very agreeable, rifing into confiderable mountains towards the S., but towards the N. it is level, and the foil abundantly fertile. It is watered by the rivers Findhorn and Nairn-, befides feveral fmaller brooks, the banks of which are covered with woods and

and 11 counfellors 9 of whom to be a quorum. Their whole trades form only one corporation. The funds of the town were formerly very confiderable but, through lapfe
;

of years, have been greatly leffened. The town has undergone many changes. It

of Nairn, attainted for their concern It in the rebellion of 1745. increafe 360 fince 1755. In 1794, member to parliament alter- the town contained 1100 inhabitants. nately with the county of Cromarty. The parifh of Nairn is 8 miles from The valued rent is 15,1621. 10s. n^d. N. to S., and 6 from E. to W., bearScots, and the real land rent is efti- ing fomewhat of a refemblance to St.
J

There are many elegant of which Brodie, the feat of Lieut. Colonel Brodie; Kilravock, the feat of Mr. Rofe ; Holme, the feat of Mr. Rofe ; Cantray, the feat of Mr. Davidfon ; Eoath, the feat of Capt. Dunbar; and Letken, the feat of Mifs Brodie; are the chief. Nairnfhire contains one royal borough, viz. Nairn, the county town. The other villages It are too trivial to deferve notice. is divided into 4 parochial diftricls, which in 1798, contained 6054 inhaplantations.
;

was

originally fituated at leaft

feats

half a mile

from the place where

it

Hands, and was defended by a caftle, the ruins of which are fo covered by the fea, that the foundations of it are only viable at fpring tides.

now

Bucbannan tells us, that this caftle was taken by the Banifh invaders duing the reign of Malcolm I. and that by them the cujlodes or governors were cruelly ufed. Nairn formerly gave title of Baron to the family

bitants fends a

mated

at 8000I. fterling.

Andrew's
[

NAIRN;

a royal borough, and

foil is

crois. Along the coaft, the fandy; along the river Nairn, it

NEL
clay ; : is a rich c'oaft of the Moray Frith there is a regular afcent to the S. terminating in the hill of Urckatiy, which is elevated ^oo feet above the fea level. On the N. fide of the hill of Geddes are the veftiges of an old cattle, called GaijleilFiorilab, i. e. Finlay's cajlle, which has been a ftrong building and on the E. fide of the fame hill are the remains of the cajlle of Punt, which is faid to have been a refidence of the powerful family of Cumin. In 1794, the population was 2400; increafe 702 fince
is

NES
a parifli in Berwickfhire ; about 4 miles long, and 3! broad, containing 1900 acres. The furface is in general level, declining towards the S. ; the foil is remarkably good, except towards the N.

aii3 in tlie

it

fouthem diftrict, heavy mould from the

NENTHORN;

where

it

is

poor muir ground, on a

cold tilly bottom. There is plenty of whin and freeflone, fit for building;

and clay and

marl are found iu In 1791, the population was about 400 decreafe about 100 fince 1755.
fhell

confiderable quantity.

Ness (Loch)
Tnvernefs-fliire,

22

a beautiful lake in miles long, and

1 to 2tj broad; its depth, in the middle, is from 60 to 135 fathoms. Uifg Neame, " the water of alders," It fometimes, efpecially after long from the number of trees of that fpe- continued rains, rifes 8 or 10 feet cies which grow on its banks. It rifes perpendicular above low water-mark. in the high mountainous diftricT: of It is fo deep, even at its fides, exceptBadenoch, in Invernefsfhire; and, after ing at the points of Ton- and Fovers t a courfe N. E. through the whole that a fhip of the line might fail withlength of the county of Nairn, falls in her length of the fhore from end to into the Moray Frith, at the royal end, on either fide of the lake. The burgh of Nairn, about 50 miles from fcenery around this expanfe of water its fource. The falmon fifhings at its is grand and magnificent in a high demouth, are the joint property of the gree ; and, to a perfon failing on its Earl of Findlater, and Mr. Davidfon furface, the high hills on each fide of Cantray, who rent them at 72I. prefent a delightful view of wood,

1755-

from

Nairn River

is

called in Gaelic

armum. a mountainous parifh in Forfarfhire, united to Lethnot in 1723. Vide Lethnot.

fterling^xiT-

NAVAR

pafture, cultivated lands, rivers, rugged and broken precipices. The lake
;

abounds with trout and fometimes a few falmon are found to have palled Naver, or Navern (Loch) a the cruives in the river Nefs, when lake in Sutherlandfhire, in the parifh the water is high. The water of the lake is efteemed' very falubrious, but of Far, 6 miles long by 3 broad. Naver, or Navern River, rifes is faid to prove laxative to ftrangers from the lake of the fame name and, not in the habit of ufing it, though it after a courfe of 28 or 30 miles, falls certainly poffeffes no mineral impregIt never freezes in the feinto the ocean, near the promontory nation. of Stratby-head. It is the largeft river vered: winter, and, in frofty weather, in the count)', and gives name of is covered with a thick haar or milt, Strathnaver to the diftrict through which has the appearance of fmoke. from whence the The lake is often agitated by winds, which it runs Countefs of Sutherland takes her fe- which, fweeping from W. to E. and confined in their pafiage through the cond title of Baronefs. Neattie (Loch); a lake in In- Gknmore-na''-h''alabin, caufe immenfe vernefs-fhire, in the parifh of Kiltar- waves to break againft its rugged lity about a mile long, and half a mile banks but, like other lakes, its wabroad. It abounds with trout, and dif- ters have been greatly agitated, when charges its waters by a rivulet of the there were no extraordinary currents fame name into the Beaulie. of wind that could ruffle its furface. (Loch); a fmall lake in On the ift November 1755, at the Argyllfhire, in the parifli of Kilmore time of the great earthquake at Lifand Kilbride ; about 2 miles long, bon, the water of Loch Nefs was agiand half a mile broad. It has its name tated in an extraordinary manner. from the Gaelic word N'Eall, figni- The water rofe rapidly, and flowed fying n'Jkuan, on account of the great up the lake from E. to W. with anumber of thofe fowls which frequent mazing impetuofityy the waves being
; ; ; ;
:

Nell

NET
carried

NEW
its

more than 200 yards up the]

on

river Oicb, breaking

banks

It feet above the level of the river. continued ebbing and flowing for about an hour ; at the end of which time, a wave, much greater than the others, terminated the commotion, feveral moft romantie cafcades, falls overflowing the N. bank of the lake into Locbeil, near Fort William. It to the extent of 30 feet; (vide Pen- gives name of Glen-evis to the vale Several rivers pour through which it runs ; the property nant's Tour.) their waters into the lake, of which of Mr. Cameron. the moft remarkable are the Oicb and NEWABBEY; a parifh in KirkFoyers; and it difcharges its waters cudbrightshire, about 8 miles long, into the Moray Frith by the riverNefs. and z\ broad, containing about 7810 Locb Nefs is navigated by a king's gal- Scots acres, of which 2000 are arable, ley, which fupplies the garriibn of 500 meadow and low pafture, 250 in plantation, 60 in natural wood, and Fort Auguftus with ftores. Ness River, rifing from the eaft- the remainder hill, muir, and mofs. ern extremity of Locb Ncfs, runs in an Along the banks of the Nith, which eafterly direction for 6 miles, and falls forms its boundary on the E. the furinto the Moray Frith at the town of face is level, and the foil rich and Invernefs, of which its asftuary forms loamy. In the grounds towards the the harbour. It is about 8 miles long, W. the furface is hilly, and the araand runs flowly with placid majefty, ble fpots have a clay foil, on a wet, never overflowing its banks, in a chan- cold, and impervious till. There are nel whofe fall is fcarcely 10 feet. In 3 fmall lakes, viz. Locb Kindar, Locb the midft of it is a beautiful ifland, End, and Locb Craigend, all of which covered with trees. The river is not abound with pike, and contain a few navigable, but might be made fo at a trout ; and Loch Kindar has a fmall fmall expence, and would be of great ifland, on which are the ruins of an confequence in the event of forming a old chapel. The village of Ne-wabbey canal in the courfe of the Glenmore- is pleafantly built, on the great road from Dumfries to Kirkcudbright ; it ria' -h' edabin. NESTING ; a parifli in Shetland, is well fupplied with fine water, and compofed of the united pariihes of furrounded with beautiful woods. In Nesting, Lunne sting, Whalsat, 1791, it contained 50 houfes, and 210 and the Skerries; containing, in inhabitants. Adjoining to it are the 1793, about 1800 inhabitants ; in- ruins of the famous Ciftertian abbey, founded by Devorgilla, daughter of creafe 235 f^ce 1755-. Net han ; a river in Lanarkfhire, Allan Lord of Galloway, and mother which riles in the hills which feparate of John Baliol King of Scotland. It the pariihes of Lefmahagoe and Muir- was firft named the Abbey of Sweetkirk ; and, running N. is joined by heart, from her hufband's heart being the Logan and other itreams. It con- embalmed, and enclofed in a box of tinues in a N. E. courfe, and joins the ivory and filver, which was built into but its name Clyde near the village of Abbeygreen. the walls of the church It is a beautiful ftream, and its banks was foon changed to Newabbey. The are finely diveriified with hanging building ftands in the middle of a level field of about 20 acres, furwoods, paftures, and corn fields. rounded by a high w all ; it is a lofty Nethe, or Nith. Vide Nith. Nethy; a river in Invemefs-fhire, and beautiful building, of the light which rifes in the high hills of Bade- Gothic ftyle of architecture; itschurch noch, and falls into the Spey near the is 194 feet long, 102 feet broad at the church of Abemethy. In dry wea- crofs, and 66 feet at each end, with a tower upwards of 90 feet high. The ther it is an inconfiderable ftream but, after rains or thaws, it fwells very whole is built of large ftones of grahigh, and is of fervice in floating the nite, with which the neighbouring There are fome loofe timber from the forefts to the mountains abound. whence it is fent in rafts to the flight appearances of coal ; but a trial Spey
;
r

a parifli in Forfarfhire ; united to Essie. Vide Essie. Nevis; a river which rifes near the mountain of Ben-evis, in Invernefs-fhire ; and, after a rapid courfe of 8 or 10 miles, in which it forms

NEVAY

fea at

Garmouth,

to find

it,

made fome

years ago,

was

NEW
:

NEW

In 1791, the numbei' jedtion of a part of the parifh of Abunfuccefsful. of black cattle was upwards of 1000, die. The foil on the Tay is clay, fiand of fheep 3500 in the fame year milar to the Carfe of Gowrie ; tothe population was 649, and had in- wards the S. it is partly loamy, and partly mofly, on a till bottom. The ereafed i<; lince 175 5ABERDEEN. Vide Aber- town of New burgh con lifts of one ftreet of confiderable length, with deen (New). fmall fuburbs at each end, and a lane ; a barony in Renfrewfhire, united to New Port-G!aJ'gow, leading from the more to the middle which is now termed the burgh of of the town. The houfes are moftly Port-Glasgow, and New- newly built, and the ftreets are well ark. It formerly gave title of Baron paved. The principal manufacture is to the family of Leflie, now dormant. the linen, which is carried on to a confiderable extent. The harbour is fpaor TLE ; a parifh in Mid-Lothianfhire, cious, and a number of fhips belong of an irregular triangular figure, each to the place : the Tay is navigable for fide of which is nearly 4 miles long. veffcls of 500 tons, as far as this town, The greater part lies in a beautiful but, above it, veflels of 200 tons have and romantic vale, through which the fcarcely fufficient depth of water : this South BJk runs, with a rich and fertile circumftance occafions the unloading at Newburgh of the large fhips befoil, in fome places upwards of 4 feet deep. From the low grounds the fur- longing to Perth, from which place face rifes in a gradual manner for the the goods are carried up the river in Newburgh courfe of z miles to a ridge, the high- lighters or large boats. was, at an early period, erected into eft point of which is elevated 680 feet above the level of the fea, and exhi- a burgh of regality, under the abbot bits diftinct veftiges of a Roman en- of Lindores; and, hi 1631, after that campment. The foil in this diftrict is abbacy was erected into a temporal fully as barren as the valley is fertile, lordihip, Charles I. granted a charter being marfhy and muiry, lying on till. to the town of Newburgh, erecting it In the moft fheltered and romantic into a royal burgh, with many immupart of the vale Hands Neavhettle abbey, nities and privileges, which it ftill ena large and elegant modern building, joys, except that of fending a member the feat of the Marquis of Lothian. to parliament, and a delegate to the The houfe is built on the fite of an convention of boroughs. The revenue abbey of Ciftertians, founded by King is inconfiderable, not exceeding 2.5k David I. which, after the reformation, fterling per annum. Newburgh giveb was erected into a temporal lordihip title of Earl to the family of LivingThe population, in 1792, was in the family of Ker, and now gives ftone. At the N. E. extremity of the title of Baron to the Marquis of Lo- 1552. In the gallery of Newbottle pariih, adjoining to that of Abdie, are thian. abbey are feveral fine paintings ; and the ruins of the ancient abbey of Linin the library are fome curious ma- dores ; near to which is the loch and nufcripts in folio, written on vellum old manlion of Lindores, formerly a in the old Saxon character, and highly barony in the family of Leflie. Besides illuminated. The parks and gardens the ruins of the abbey, the parifh of around the houfe are equally deferving Newburgh contains 2 ancient crofl.es, of notice, from their elegance and ex- called the crofs of Mugdrum, and crofs tent. Coal and limeftone abound in of Macduff; both of which have been the parifli ; fo much fo, that the whole covered with hieroglyphics. In 1792, may be faid to lie upon thefe minerals. the population was 1664; increafe. In 17 9 1, the population was 1295 ; 271 fince 17^5. decreafe 144 lince 1755. a parifh in Fifefhire, a parifli and town feated on the coaft of the Frith of ; in Fifefhire, lituated on the S. bank Forth, upon Largo Bay. It extendi of the river Tay, in the N.W. corner 3! miles in length, and 2 in breadth ; of the county. The extent of the is in general fertile, and almoft all parifh is inconfiderable, and its figure arable and enclofed. The appearance very irregular, one part being de- of the whole pariih is delightful, and tached from the other by the inter- ornamented with fcveral elegant ieats;

NEW

NEWARK

New

NEWBATTLE,

NEWBOT-

NEWBURGH

NEWBURN;

NEW
amdng which, Hall-hill, the feat of Mrs. Halket Craigie, is the molt confpicuous.
In

NEW
the hills are moftly green, without heath. The arable land, which com-

1793, the population

was 456

NEWBYTH;

increafe 18 (ince 1755. a village in Aber-

deenfhire, in the pariih of King-Edward, founded by the late James Urquhart, Efq. upon his eftate of In 1793, it contained sBytb, in 1764. about 1 00 inhabitants.

nock (New).
rough
bright.

NEW CUMNOCK. Vide CumNEW DEER. Vide Deer (New). NEW GALLOWAY; aroyal^boin the

ftewartry of Kirkcud-

N E W H AVE N

Vide

Galloway (New).
;

a confiderable

prehends about 1300 Scots acres, is chiefly a clayey loam, upon a clofe impervious tilly bottom. Trees thrive in every part of the pariih, and the greater part is enclofed by hedge-rows and fences, and fbeltered by belts and chimps of planting. It is watered by the Lyne, and a fmall tributary ftream called the Terth, which unite near the church. The principal feats are the Wheain, a feat of the late Lord Chief Baron Montgomery; Lamancha, the property of the Hon. Capt. Cochrane ; and Magbic-hill, the feat of Mr. Montgomery: there is alfo an old
building called Drochil-cajlle, fituated at the confluence of the Terth and Lyne, erected by Morton Regent of Scotland, who was beheaded before it was finifhed. There is plenty of excellent freeftone,

Mid-Lothian, about a mile N. of the harbour of Leith. Of late it has been much reforted to and many new as a bathing quarter and elegant houfes have been erected
fiihing village in
;

for the

accommodation of the bathers.

and

feveral rich

beds

a pariih in Aberdeenfhire, of an irregular hexagonal

NEWtHLLS;

of marl

form, b\ miles in diameter. The furface in the E. is level, and the foil a deep rich loam but, towards the W. the furface is mountainous, and the fmall Ipots of arable foil are light, ihallow, and fpongy. The river Don ganese is alfo found mixed with the forms the boundaiy on the N. E. and, upon it, within the bounds of ore. All thefe veins are on the fide .of this pariih, are erected feveral mills, a hill of eafy accefs, and are wrought and other machinery. The hills a- without pits. A manufactory for conbound with granite ; and the princi- verting the ochre into paint has been pal article of trade is the preparing eftabliihed by the Hon. Captain Cochand cutting of ltones for the London rane, which is now carried on with market. In 1791, the population was great fuccefs. Coal and limeftone abound on almoft every eftate in the 1-153 ; increafe 194 fince 1755. a manufacturing pariih, and the foil of the hills, where village in Banfffhire, in the pariih of the veins of ore are found, is moftly Keith. It was begun to be built a- limeftone gravel. Near Lamancha is a bout the year 1750, upon a ban-en chalybeate fpring, containing a great muir, which the late Earl of Findlater quantity of aerial acid, which holds feued out in fmall lots, on a regular the iron in folution. In 1791, there and, in 1793, it contained 1075 were 230 horfes, 700 black cattle, and plan 3000 fheep; and in the fame year, the It has a well fupplied inhabitants. weekly market, and 4 annual fairs; population was 891 ; decreafe iaS one of which, in September, is the fince 1775. LUCE. Vide Luce (New). belt frequented marked in the north MACHAR. Vide Machar for black cattle and horiis. KILPATRICK. Vide Kil- (New). ; a confiderable burgh patrjck (New or East)LANARK. Vide Lanark of barony in the pariih of Loudon, in
;

there is hkewife great abundance of a fpecies of till which contains alum. In the lands of Lamancha there are ten veins of iron ore, one of which affords a confiderable quantity of native loadftone: the reft are either the fmeft grain ore, or humatites mixed with grain ore: man:

NEW-KEITH;
-

NEW NEW

NEW NEW

NEWMILNS

(New).

Ayrfhire.

NEW LANDS;

a pariih in the

county of Peebles, fituated on the borders of Mid-Lothian. The furface i diverjuied with hill and dale ; aud

It received its charter of erection under the fuperiority of the Earls of Loudon, from King James IV. at which time it appears to have beeiv

a place of

no fmall importance.

la

NEW
t793
it

NEW
450, meafuring 46,560 tonS Contiguous to the town, and near the
ihore, ftands the caftle of Newark, a ftrongly fortified edifice, built in 1599 J

contained about iooo inha- Were

bitants.

NEWMONKLAND. VideMoNKland (New

monly
rifh

NEW PORT-GLASGOW,
called

or East).

coma pa-

Port-Glasgow;
in Renfrewfhire.

and town

The

now the property of Colonel Hamilton of Wiihaw. In 1791, the population was 4036; increafe 2341 fince
it is

parifh is about an Englifli mile fquare, lying on the banks of the Clyde, about 4 miles above Greenock. It was formerly a fmall barony, called Newark, belonging to the parifh of Kilmalcolm ; but, the magiftrates of Glafgow having, in the year 1668, feuedapiece of ground for forming a harbour, for the accommodation of their Ihipping,

7SS-

NEW-SPYNIE,orSPYNIE;
rifh in

a pa*
.

Vide Spynie. ; a parifh in the county of Mid-Lothian, nearly of a circular

NEWTON
is

Moray mire.

figure, 3 miles in diameter.

The fur-

and forefeeing it would foon be a thriving place, got it creeled into a feparate parifh in 1695. The town is called Port-Glasgow and

New

and the foil tolerably productive. The whole diftrict lies upon coal, which has been wrought here for upwards of 200 years : there are no fewer than 19 different feams of that mineral which runs through the parifh, in a direction N. and S. Six
face
level,

Newark, owing

to one part of the

of thefe feams are called flats, lying

town being built on the feus granted in almoft an horizontal pofition, and by the town council of Glafgow, and are from 2 to 4 feet thick ; the other
the other pail being built on the old 13 lie at nearly an angle of 90 degrees* barony of Newark, on feus holding of are called edges, and the feams are the eftate of Finlayfton-Maxwell. In from 2 to 10 feet thick. Some of the the year 1775, the town of New Port- edge feams are at prefent working by Glafgow and Newark was, by an act pits funk 27 fathoms below the level of parliament, erected into a burgh of of the fea. In 1793, the population barony, with a council of 13 perfons was 1135 ; decreafe 64 fince 17555. called trujleei, appointed to regulate a village in Renfrew; the police of the town. Thefe truftees fhire, in the parifh of Mearns ; conmuft be feuers, pofleffed of the an- taining, in 1794, about 240 inhabitants. nual rent of iol. fterling, arifing from of AYR, or heritable property within the town upon AYR. Vide Ayr (Newthey were originally elected by a ge- ton of).

NEWTON

TON

NEWTON

NEW-

neral poll of the feuers;

after, are felf-elected.

but, ever
truf-

Of thefe

tees,

two

bailies are elected,

one by

the town council of Glafgow, and the other by the truftees themfelves " which two bailies (as the charter ftates), or either of them, are authorized, empowered, and required, to adminifter juftice, and to exercife all the power and authority, by the laws of Scotland, committed to the bailies of a burgh of barony." The revenue, under the management of the bailies and truftees, is upwards of 500I. per

annum. The harbour is excellent and there are extenfive warehoufes on the quay, belonging to the Glafgow
merchants. It is a port of the cuftomhoufe, having 125 veflels, meafuring 12,760 tons, belonging to it in 1791. The trade carried on is very confiderabls ; as it appears by the cuftomhoufe books, that, in 1790, the number of veflels to and from the port

a confi; derable town in the county of Wigton, fituated on the river Cree, partly in the parifh of Minnigaff on the E. fide, and partly in the parifh of Penningham on the W. fide of the river. It lies on the highway from Dumfries to Port-Patrick, and is a convenient ftage betwixt Ferrytown of Cree and Glenluce. It owed its orign to a younger branch of the Stewarts Earls of Galloway, who poffefTed the eftate of Caftle-Stewart, and founded this village upon it, to which he gave the name of Newton-Stewart. About 1788, the fuperiority of the village and eftate fell into the hands of William Douglas, Efq. the fame who is the proprietor of the village of Carlinwark, By his exertions or Caflle-Douglas. its population had greatly increafed> and contained nearly 1000 inhabitants when it was erected into a burgh of barony, under the name of Newtos*

NEWTON-DOUGLAS

Zz

N1E
Douglas,
in

NIG
hills

honour of the lord of of the

are barren,

and covered

N WTON-STEWART, NEWTON-DOUGLAS. Vide Newton-Douglas.

a parifh in Forfarfhire, about 13 miles long, and 1 mile broad, including a part of the Sidlanu bills, particularly the Glack of Newtyle, an opening in that ridge, which affords a parTage from Strathmore to Dundee. The furface N. of the Sidlawj hills is flat and fertile; and the foil is a black loam and
or
;

the manor. The cotton manufacture has been introduced with great fuccefs, under the joint patronage of 3SIi Douglas and Mr. Dale a carpet manufactory is carried on to a confiderable extent ; and there are feveral branch of one of the tan-works. Pa Hey banks has likewife opened a counting-houfe, and many circumstances concur to prove, that, in a fhort time, Newton-Douglas will become a place of no fmall confequence. In 1793, it contained 1100 inhabitants, and iince that time its population has greatly increafed. a of ; village in Banfffhire, in the parifli of Keith, built on the eftate of the Earl of Fife.- containing about 330 inhabitants in 1793. E otherwife
.

partly with benty grafs and heath, and partly with deep mofs. From the top of the ridge of hills the profpect is

grand and extenfive and feveral plantations, which have lately been made out, greatly add to the beauty of the
;

fcene.

Lochlibo

There are 2 fmall lakes, called and Lock Long, the former of

rife to the Lttgton, a tributary ftream of the Irvine, and the latter difcharges its waters by the Lavern, which runs N. E. to join the Cart near Renfrew. Befides the village

which gives

of Nieljlon, which contains 472 inhabitants, the parifh contains 2 other villages, Yiz. Barbead, containing 439 j

NEWTOWN

NEW-MILL

and Vplamoor, containing 142 inhabitants.

AH

thefe villages are chiefly

em-

ployed in the cotton manufacture* which has been long eftablifhed, and is carried on to a great extent. There are feveral gentlemens feats ; of which
the principal are Ralflon, the feat of Gavin Raifton,Efq.; Faraneze, the property of A. Graham, Efq.; and Lochlibo-fide, the property of Mr. Fulton. Coal and limeftone are abundant, and there are fome quarries of freeftone* In one of the limeftone quarries there
are found petrified fhells and ftones, with impreffions of leaves and branches

NEWTYLD,

NEWTYLE

of Nenvtyle, fituated on the road from Dundee to Meigle, 3 miles from the latter, contains 230 inhabitants, who are moftly weavers. Near the village are the ruins of the caftle of Batten, built in 1575 by Lawrence Lord Oliphant ; and near thefe ruins are fome veftiges of a more ancient caftle, Balcraig, concerning the erection of which even tradition is filent. In 1801, the population was 781; increafe 187 fince 1791. NIBON ; a fmall pafture ifland in Shetland, about a mile N. of the Mainclay.

The village

of fhrubs and trees. In 1791, the population was 2330 ; increafe 1056 fince 1755; a parifh in Kincardinefhire, fituated at the extreme N. E. corner

NIGG

of the county, at the termination of the ridge of Grampian mountains. It contains about 3376 acres, of which
1 102 are arable, 584 pafture, and the remainder muir, mofs, and plantation. The coaft is bold and rocky the N. E. point, termed the Girdle Kefs, is a remarkable promontory, forming the S. fide or the asftuary of the river Dee.
:

land.

NID and NIDSDALE. Vide Nith and Nithsdale. NIELSON; a parifh in Renfrewof an irregular form, about 9 miles long, and on an average 3 broad; The containing 13,570 Scots acres. Surface is tolerably level, but divided into 2 diftricts, by a range of hills called Lochlibo-Jtde and Faraneze, which extends from N. W. to S. E. through the whole length of the parifli. The
shire,

There is a fmall bay, called the cove or bay of Nigg, which is a good fifhing village, called Torry, where there
is

a pier for fmall veflels.

The

gra-

nite quarries are

wrought to great ex-

tent for exportation. In 1791, the population was 1098 ; decreafe 199 fince

1755*

NIGG

a parifli in Rofs-fhire, in the

low grounds

are fertile, but the fides

form of a peninfula, wafhe-d on the S. E. by the Moray Frith, and on the Its S. W. by the Frith of Cromarty. extent is about 5 miles in length, and from * to 2 in breadth. The furfosc

NIN
into i; very level, riling towards the N. n conliderable eminence, called the hill of Nigg. Near Shandviicke-houfe', the property of Mr. Cockburn Rofs, frauds a large obelifk, with hieroglyphic figures ; which, according to tradition, commemorates a dreadful fhipwreck which the Danes fuffered on the coaft: there is alio another obeliik in the church-yard. At the point of Nigg there are the remains of a fort, called

NOD
about 3^00 inhabitants. The principal manufactures are tanworks, making of nails, cotton cloth ;
containing

and, of

late, the greater part of the tartan for the army has been manufactured in this pariih. The minerals are coal, limeftone, freeftone, and

fome

ironftone.
is

The

limeftone.

in.

Dujkeath,

which, according to Lord

Hailes, in his " Annals of Scotland," (vol. i. page \%x.) was built in 1179, by William the Lyon King of ScotLand. In the rocks which overhang the Moray Frith, there are a number of

large

caves covered with Jlalaclytes

incruftations.

and calcareous

Upon

the farm of Ankerville, about a mile from the tea, and nearly 200 feet above its level, there is a flratum of oyfter fhells of confiderable extent, and 6 inches in thicknefs ; and, upon the coaft near the point of the peninfula, within tide mark, there is a large ftratum of fhells of various kinds, of which an excellent quicklime is made. In 179a, the population was 1133; decreafe 128 iince 1755. NINIANS (St.); a confiderable

of excellent quality for, by a late experiment, in 96 bolls of lime raifed at Craigend limework, there was found only 1 boll of fand or refufe. There are many elegant refidences, particularly Sauchie, the feat of the Hon. 'Major Hamilton; and Towhadam, the feat of William Murray, Efq. The late Dr. Robert Henry, one of the minjfters of Edinburgh, and author- of " a Hiftory of Britain, on a ne<uo plan" was a native of this pariih. In 1794, this parifh contained 7079 inhabitants; increafe
particular,
'

588 fince 1755.

Nith,
ver,

or

Nid;

which takes

its rife in

a confiderable rithe pariih

of New Cumnock, in Ayrfhire ; and, running in a winding courfe towards

the S. E., receives in its pafiage many rivers, particularly the Scarr at the church of Kier, and the Carron and Cample at Durifdeer, falls into the Solway Frith near the town of Dumfries,

town and

parifh in Stirlingfhire.

The

parifh, at a medium, extends 10 miles in length from E. to W., and 6 in breadth ; but, in one direction, the ex-

where its seftuary forms the harbour of that town. It abounds with falmon near the fea; and, near its tremities are 15 or 16 miles afunder. fource, where it is an inconfiderable Like the reft of the parifhes in the vi- rivulet, it is celebrated for the excelcinity,
it is

naturally divided into 3 differ greatly in point of foil, fertility, and climate ; viz. the carfe lands, on the hanks of the Forth; the middle or dry jklds ; and the muir
regions,

which

lence of its trout. The length of its courfe, in a direct line, is upwards of .50 miles; but, including its windings for which it is remarkable, its courfe

cannot be

lefs

than 100.

lands.

very beautiful, which is much increafed by the windings of the Forth, the enclofures and plantations which furround the numerous feats, and by a variety of fmall villages, the feats of induftry and manufacture. The greater part of the arable land is enclofed, and well cultivated. Betides the Forth, which forms its northern boundary, it is watered by the Endrick, the Caris

The

appearance

NITHISDALE, or NITHSDALE
the weftern ftewartry or diftrict of Dumfries-ihire ; fo named from the river Nith. It formerly gave title of Earl to the family of Maxwell, attainted for their concern in the rebellion of 1 7 15. Nochtie ; a fmall river, in Aberdeenfhire, which joins its waters to the Don. The church of Strathdon is fituated near the place of the confluence of thefe rivers ; from which circumftance the name of Iwvernocbtie was formerly applied to that pariih. Nodesdale ; a confiderable river in Ayrfhire, which pours its waters into the Frith of Clyde, at the village of Largs.

and by a fmall rivulet rifing from Loch Coulter, which gives its name to t he village of Bannockburn, where the forces of Edward I. of England were totally routed by the army of Robert Bruce. The town of St.Ninians lies about 2 miles S. E. of Stirling, and is a confiderable manufacturing place,
ron,

Zzj

NOR
or Norin ; a clear and rapid ftream in Forfarfhire, which rifes amongft the Grampians, and unites its waters to the South E/k } at the church of Carefton. Norman's Law ; a hill of confiderable elevation in Fifefhire, fituated on the borders of the parifhes of AbOn the top of it are die and Criech. diftinct veftiges of an encampment.

NOT
mountainous
Rona's
hill,

Koran,

in the higheft degree; nearly in the center of the peninfula, being elevated 3944 feet above the level of the fea. The parilh

NORRIESTOWN;
ihire,

furrounded on all fides with fmall holms, and rocks ; but there is only one inhabited ifland, called Lamba, on the E. fide. Population in 1794, 1786; increafe 777 fince 1755. UIST. Vide Uist
is

ifiands,

NORTH

village

in

(North).

the parilh of Kincardine, in Perthnow joined by a long ilrcet to the village of Thorn hill. They itand along the fummit of a rifing ground, on both fides of the road from Stirling to Imierjhaid, in Dumbartonshire. The inhabitants of both, in 179a, amounted to 626. a royal burgh in Haddingtonlhire. Vide Ber-

North Water,
in Forfarfhire.

or

North Esk,

; a parifh in Shetland, in the ifland of Yell, united to to Fetlar in forming a parochial di-

NORTH YELL
NOSS

Vide Esk (North).

ftrict.

a fmall ifland lying to the ; E. of the ifland of Breffay, efteemed one of the fineft and mod fertile of the Shetland ifies. To the S. of the ifland of Nofs, there is a rock or holm, wick (North). North Berwick Law ; a beauti- perpendicular on all fides, and about ful conical hill, in the parilh of North 150 feet high. The oppofite rock on Berwick, in Eaft-Lothian ; about half the ifland is of the fame height, and a mile from the fea, and elevated 800 diftant from the other 240 feet. The It is feen at a holm, which is quite level at the top, feet above that level. great diftance, and makes a good produces excellent grafs, and mainland-mark for feamen entering the tains a number of fheep during the fummer feafon. Notwithftanding the Frith of Forth. ISLES, Vide Ork- perpendicular precipices which made it inacceffible on all fides, the appaney and Shetland. North Esk, Vide Esk (North). rent richnefs of the pafture, and the number of fea fowls which breed FERRY, or QUEENSFERRY ; a village in Fife- upon it, many years ago induced the ihire, fituated on the Forth, exa&ly proprietor to endeavour to fall on oppofite to the royal burgh of Queens- fome means of palling between the Accordingly, a daring ferry, between which there are regu- ifland and it. It is locally in the iflander attempted to climb up, and lar paffage boats. parilh of Dunfermline, but is annex- fucceeded; he fixed pofts in the ground ed, quo ad/aery, to that of Inverkeith- about two feet and an half from each In 1793, it contained 312 inha- other, and, having ropes ftretched aing. crofs to corresponding pofts on the bitants. A ; a parilh in ifland, a wooden cradle which Aides Shetland, fituated at the northen ex- along the ropes affords a fafe conveytremity of the Mainland. It is a pe- ance between the ifland and the holm. The adventurer who firft afcended ninfula, united to the parilh of Delt ing by a narrow ifthmus, 100 yards the rock, would not take the benefit broad at high water; and fo low, of returning by the cradle ; but atthat, at high fpring tides, it is almoft tempting to return the way he came covered by the fea. From this narrow up, fell down, and was killed. Sheep neck the ground rifes almoft perpen- are now put upon the holm in the dicularly, and the fhores around the fpring, and are taken out in autumn parilh are alfo nearly perpendicular, in excellent condition. Noth ; a hill in Aberdeenfhire, in but interfered with many %<oes or inlets of the fea, which afford fafe har- the parilh of Rhynie and Effie, elevatbours for the fifhing boats. The pa- ed in a conical fhape 600 feet above rim is about 20 miles long, and 12 its bafe, and 1000 above the level of broad: 3nd the whole is wild and the fea.
S.

NORTH BERWICK;

NORTHERN

NORTH

NORTH-

NORTHM VEN

OB A

OBA

o
OATTILAW
fhire,
;

a parifti in Forfar-

about 5 miles long, and 2 broad, watered by the South Ejk river. The general appearance is Rat, riling towards the S. to the i'ummit of the hill of Findbaven, which is elevated 1500 feet above the level of the adjacent country. The foil is clayey and muiry, and the climate cold and moift. Be-ides the veftiges of an old caftle on the top of Findhaven (vide Findhaven), there are the remains of a
rectangular encampment; in the midft of which are two tumuli, which have never been opened. In 1801, the population was 384; decreafe 64 fince
J 79 x -

different branches of traffic, not only acquired handfome fortunes for themfelves, but highly promoted the good of the neighbouring country. Oban- is admirably fituated for trade,

by

and

is in

a particular

manner adapted

for a fifhing ftation. But thefeare inferior confiderations to the great national advantages that

might be de-

rived

from

its

a village in Argyllshire, in the parifh of Kilmore, fituated on a

;

OBAN

fine bay, in the found of Mull, hid from the weftern ocean by the ill and of Kerrera. This bay is of a femicircular form, from iz to 24 fathoms deep, and large enough to contain upwards of 500 fail of merchantmen it has two openings, one from the N., and another from the S., and is defended from the fury of the wefterly winds by the iflands of Kerrera and
:

Mull.

The

village has rifen rapidly

road. It is the combination of many favourable circumftances, for being a principal harbour, a place of trade, and a central market for the Weftern Highlands, and middle diftrict of the Weftern Ifles. Its bay is defended by the ifland of Kerrera, which, at a fmall diftance, ftretches acrofs it. It lies in the trait of coalting veffcls, palling from N. to S. through the found of Mull, and being fituated near the entrance of the great Loch Linnhe, has a communication with an extenfive range of country ; and, ihould ever the navigation, through the chain of lakes which extend in the middle of the Glenmore-)ia-b' alabin from Invernefs to the Atlantic, be rendered practicable, its importance will be greatly'

excellent harbour and formed by nature, and by

from a fmall beginning. The firft enhanced. " Here alfo," as remarked houfe of any confequence was built by the late patriotic tourift Mr. Knox, by a trading company of Renfrew, " a royal dock and arfenal might be who ufed it as a ftore-room Oban, erected. It is well known, that the even at that time, being confidered as belt deligns of government for annoy;

one of the mod convenient ftations ing its enemies, or defending our cofor trade on the W. coaft of Argyll- lonies or trade, are fometimes fruftratfhire. About 2,5 years ago, it was ed by contrary winds, which prevent conftituted one of the ports of the our fleets and tranfports from getting cuftomhoufe; and, when a little trade out of the harbours, and particularly began to be carried on, from the con- from getting round the Land's End. venient bay, and the vicinity of a po- We alfo know, that the enemy gain pulous country, the attention of the information through the medium of Duke of Argyll, Mr. Campbell of the newfpapers or otherwife, of alraoft DunftafFnage, and other perfons who every equipment and motion of our poffefled property around the village fhips and troops, by which they are was roufed, and they granted building enabled to counteract ourdefigns with leafes to a confiderable extent ; fince fimilar fquadrons, or by ftcret dif^ which time the buildings have annually patchesto commanding officer;, abroad. increafed. it was particularly indebt- There is no doubt, that, the lofs and ed to two brothers of the name of Ste- delays to the nation from theft cirVenfon, who fettled in. it in 1778, and cumftances, might be in ibme degree
! ; I

OCH
remedied, by having a royal dock and arfenal on the W. coaft of Scotland, where frnall fquadrons and tranfports with troops could be fecretly fitted out, and from whence they might fail at any time of the year, and with every wind' that blows. By thefe means a troops might reach the fleet with Weft Indies or America, before an enemy could have the fmalleft intelligence of the defign, which would undoubtedly give our fleets and armies Oban is una decided advantage. queftionably the be ft place for fuch a dock. From its fituation, it has a ipeedy communication with Glafgow by the Clyde, from whence ftores, &c. might be eafily conveyed through the Crinan canal. Loch Linnhe is navigable to Fort William ; and from thence there is a good military road to Fort Auguftus, as well as to Fort George, where a confiderable body of troops always is, or might be kept, as thefe forts are capable of lodging, on Thefe an emergency, 6000 men. might be conveyed from Fort William to Oban by water; or, lhould the wind be unfavourable, they might eafily march by land, the roads being fufficiently good." There is a regular ferry from Oban to Kerrera ifland, and from thence to Achnacraig, in the In 1792, the village ifland of Mull. contained 586 inhabitants. In the immediate vicinity of the village are immenfe rocks of breccia or puddingftone.

OCH
beautiful green, and affords excellent pafture for fheep. Through the whole extent they prefent a pleating picture of rural fcenery and of paftoral life j fwelling hills, verdant to their fun> mits, covered with flocks of fheep

or herds of cattle ; rivulets ftealing through the defiles, or falling in hoarfe murmurs from precipitous cliffs with villages, hamlets, and farm-houfes, fometimes fkirted, and fometimes en;

clofed in woods. The higheft hill is Benchch, or Bencleugb, which rifes to the height of 2420 feet above the level of the fea. Thefe hills abound in minerals, and in feveral places have the appearance of an igneous origin : in many parts quantities of fragments of lava have tumbled down their fides, amongft which are found beautiful agates, rock cryftals, and other precious ftones. Thefe hills likewife contain various metals., and feem in particular to be rich in filver ; but fufficient attention has not yet been paid to their mineralogy. In thofe parts of the ridge which lie in the parifhes of Alva, Logie, Dollar, and Tillicoultry, veins of copper and lead have been wrought to a confiderable extent : the copper ore in particular is very rich, and generally found enclo^

fed in a matrix offulphate ofbarytes or caqvk. About the year 17 15, Sir John Erfkine of Alva, with the affiftance of fome miners from Leadhills, difcover:

ed a very rich vein of filver it made its appearance in fmall threads, which curious, are compofed of different being followed, led to a rich mafs of forts of rounded pebbles, from the ore ; fome of it was fo rich, that 14 fize of a hen's egg to that of a man's ounces of ore yielded 12 ounces of head. Some of the pebbles are quar- filver. A fum not greater than 50I. toze others porphyric, granitic, fchif- fterling had been expended when this tous, and calcareous, and are cement- difcovery was made ; and, during the ed together by a compact black-co- fpace of thirteen or fourteen weeks, loured lava. Though there are other ore was produced to the value of fpecimens of lava and bafaltes, as well 4000I. per week ; and, it is faid that as other volcanic minerals in the neigh- Sir John drew from 40,0001. to 50,0001.

Thefe rocks, which are very

bourhood of the bay, highly deferving

of the attention of the mineralogift, thefe puddingftone rocks are undoubtedly the moft curious. Some of them are excavated to a great depth, particularly one about half a mile S. of the
village.

befides

what was purloined by the workmen. When this mafs was ex-*

Ochil Hills; a range of lofty mountains^ which begins in the parifh of Dumblane in Perthfhire, and ftretch for many miles in an eaftern direction into Fife. The whole ridge is of a

haufted, the filver ore began to difapand lead and other minerals were difcovered, oil which all farther fearch was given up. Cobalt has likewife been found in different parts, equal to that imported from Saxony. Arfenic and iron have alfo been found; and, of late, extenfive beds of coal were begun to be wrought at the fo,9i of the ridge.
pear,

OLD
a parifh in Ayrfiire, about 6 miles long, and 5 broad, watered by the Lugaf and the Coyl.
;

OLR
coaft the foil
village
is

OCHILTREE

is

dry and

fertile.

The
Ra-

finely fituated as a fifhing

and is diftant 7 miles from DunThe furface is pretty level, undulated bar, on the road from thence to Berby gently rifing hillocks ; but towards wick. Dunglafs, the feat of Sir James
tion,

higher ridges. a ftrong clay, interfperfed with mofs, but upon the whole very productive ; except 3 or 4 fheep

the S.

it

fwells into

Hall, Bart,
ing,

is

The

foil is chiefly

upon the

an elegant modern buildfite of the ancient caflle

farms, the whole is arable. The village of Ochiltree is fituated about 11 miles S. E. from Ayr, on the great road from that town to Dumfries. In It formerly gave title of inhabitants. Baron to a branch of the family of 1791, it contained 67 families, or 268 There are the ruins of feveStuart. ral old caftles, the property of the Earl of Glencairn. Coal and limeftone are found in the parifh ; but, except a fmall pit of the former, none is wrought at prefent ; marl of an infeIn 1791, rior quality is alfo found. the population was iijo; decreafe

of Dunglafs, which was a fortification of great importance in former days, and from which the Earls of Hume have the fecond title of Baron. Near it is an old chapel, ftill in good repair. In the lower parts of the parifh are limeftone, freeftone, ironftone,
; the latter of which was formerly wrought. In 1791, the population was 498; decreafe 124 fince 1755-

and coal

OLD KILPATRICK.

Vide Kil-

patrick (Old or West).

OLD LUCE. Vide Luce (Old). OLD MACHAR- Vide Aberdeen

(Old).

OLD MELDRUM.
drum (Old).

Vide
Vide

Mel-

60 fmce 1755. Ockel ; a river which

fifes in

the

OLD MONKLAND.
land (Old

Monk-

parifh of Affint in Sutherlandfhire ; and, after a courfe of upwards of 40 miles through Rofs-fhire, falls into the head of the Frith of Dornoch. Oich (Loch ) ; a lake in Invernefsfhire, in the middle of the great vale. It is about 4 miles long, and its banks
flope gently to the water, forming a number of beautiful bays. It has feveral fmall iflands, which are moftly

covered with wood.

Oich River rifes from the eaftern extremity of Loch Oich ; and, after a courfe of 5 miles, difcharges itfelfinto coaft is rugged and fhelving, arid afLoch Kefs. The river Tarff runs into fords a fafe harbour for ihipping at the fame lake, about 400 yards from the bays of Dunnet and Murkle. In the mouth of the Okh, forming a beau- the fouthern parts of the parifh is a tiful peninfula, on which Fart Auguf- confiderable lake, called the Loch of Durran, about 3 miles in circumfertus is built. (Sr.), or St. OLAUS; a pa- ence. Murkle, the feat of Sir Robert rifh in Orkney, united to Kirkwall. Sinclair; Cafllehlll, the refidenee of Mr. Traill ; and Olrick, the feat of Vide Kirkwall and St. Ola. ABERDEEN. Vide Aber- Mr. Smith ; are the principal buildings. There are feveral fubterraneous deen (Old). Vide Cum- buildings, called Pitlifh koufes ; and, on the top of the hill of Olrick, are nock (Old.) DEER. Vide Deer (Old). evident veftiges of a watch tower, which, though of inconliderable ele; a parifh fituated partly in the county of Berwick, vation, commands a moft extenfive and partly in that of Haddington ; a- profpecL Limeftone, freeftone, and bout 6 miles long, and from 2 to 3 (late, are found in different parts: the broad. The ground rifes gradually former often of the nature of the fineft from the fea coaft towards the Lammer- marble. In 1794, the population was muir hills, where the furface is hilly, 1001 ; increaft 126 fmce i?5jJUid fit only for fheep pafture on the

or West.) OLRICK ; a parifh in the county of Caithnefs ; about 4 miles long, and The furface, 2 broad on an average. though not level, is diverfified by no great eminences, and the uncultivated parts are wholly green, and afford the molt luxuriant pafturage : towards the coaft, there is a continued tract of rich cultivated land. Of late, the modes of agriculture have been greatly improved, chiefly by the example of Mr. Traill of Hobbefter. The fea

OLA

OLD

OLD CUMNOCK.

OLD OLDHAMSTOCKS

ORK
ORANSAY.
Qronsay.
t

Vide

Colonsay and
;

cles.)

The whole

diftrict is

divided

Q r-b e n - m o r-a s s y n t a lofty mountain in the parifh of Affynt, in the county of Sutherland.
ORCADES
the
;

the ancient

name of

into 18 parochial diftricts, which, in 1790-8, contained 23,053 inhabitants; the decreafe being 338 fince 1755. The numerous ftraits or voes (as they are called by the inhabitants), have
rents

Orkney
;

Islands.

Vide Ork- exceedingly rapid and dangerous cur-

and near the fmall ifland of ; S -Minna are two great whirlpools, calern extremity of the county of Caith- led the Wells of Swinna, which are nefs, and which forms the boundary particularly dangerous to mariners, betwixt that (hire and Sutherland. efpecially in a calm. It is faid, that On the top of the hill are the diftinct to avoid them, when the failors find veftiges of an ancient fortification. their veffel within the vortex, they Ordie (Loch); a fmall lake in throw out a barrel or fome bulky fubthe parifh of Dunkeld, in Perthfhire, ftance, which counteracts the force of about % miles in circumference. the eddy, and allows the veffel to pafs

Ord

hill

fituated at the fouth-

ORDIQUHILL
fhire,

a parifh in Banff3

about 4 miles long, and

farface is
;

The
hill

broad. highly diverlified with

and dale about two thirds are arable, and the foil is in general deep and good, but cold and wet, from ly5ng on a
tilly

bottom.

Of

late,

many

extenfive plantations have been made out, particularly on the eftate of Sir

Eneft Gordon of Park, whofe elegant reiidence has been lately fitted up in the fmeft modern ftyle. Mr. Walter Goodall, author of " Defence of Mary Queen of Scots," publifhed in 1750, was a native of this parifh. In 1791, the population was 517 ; decreafe 149 fince 1755. ORINSAY ; a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, lying betwixt the iflands of

In a breeze of wind the fafety. pools may be paffed without much danger. The general appearance of the iflands is hilly and rocky in other places fandy and barren; but many of the iflands produce great crops of barley and oats. The climate in fummer is moift and cold, owing to the infular fituation ; but in winter there is never much fnow, and even that lies for a fhort time. In the Orkneys, during the months of June and July, the inhabitants can fee diftinctly to read at midnight ; but, in the fame degree, the days in December and January are fhort, the fun being only 4 hours above the horizon, and through the greater part of the winter the fogs, ftorms, and darknefs, renders
in
;

Boreray and North Uist, and

fe-

any communication between

them

parated from the latter by a narrow- and the Mainland impracticable. It found, which is dry at low water. is ftated as a certain fact, that a Scots The ifland is half a mile long, with a fifherman was imprifoned in Kirkwall, fandy foil, tolerably fertile in favour- in the beginning of May, for publifhing an account of the Prince and able feafor.s. ISLANDS; the Or- Princefs of Orange being raifed to cades of the ancients, form the fouth- the throne of England the preceding ern divifion of the Northern IDes. November ; and he would have pro-, They are feparated from the Main- bably fuffered fevere punifhment, had land of Scotland by the Pentland not the news been confirmed by the (vide arrival of a veffel. The ftate of husFrith, which is 10 miles broad Pentland Frith.) Thefe iflands bandry is very far behind. The plough are about 30 in number ; but many generally ufed is the fingle ftilted one. oflhem are uninhabited, being fmall, In ufing this kind of plough the and producing only fheep pafture. ploughman bends towards the foil, The principal inhabited iflands are, and may well be termed curvus araPom on a or Main land, Hoy, North tor, as Virgil does the Italian ploughronaldshay, south ronalds- man. Indeed, in many inftances, we hay, Sanday, Stronsay, Eday, may obferve a remarkable coincidence Westray,Shapinshay,Eglishay, with the Virgilian mode of hufbandry, Gr^emsay, Rousay, Weir, Inhal- and the mode of culture in the Orklow, Papa Westray, Papa Stron- neys. The two-ftilted plough is besay, Bvrray, &c.j (fee thefe arti- ginning to be ufed j but the general.

ORKNEY

ORK
opinion is againft it. They till very fhallow, and harrow fparingly, as they rely more on the quantity of manure than on any thing elie for Fallowing is railing a good crop. rarely ufed, and the proper rotation of cropping is never followed. The oats are generally fown in the end of March, or the beginning of April and barley is town from the ift to the 20th of May. The fummer is employed in preparing turf and peats for fuel, and bringing them home. The crop is reaped from the aoth of Auguft, and is done by the end of

ORK
with to

many The land

of

of them contain falmori. animals are fmall horfes,

:

black cattle, fheep, fwine, rabbits, red deer, and other game of thefe the fhefp are moft numerous, there being upwards of 50,000 in the iflands; notwithstanding the great number, however, they are of little profit, as fo little care is taken of them, that they are allowed to run wild in the hills, which are almoft all common-

September

if it

mould remain

after

Here thefe animals, with their many different forms to mark out the perfons to whom they belong, roam at large, expofed to all the feverities of hunger and cold, to
ties.

ears cut in

that time, it is generally loft, from the violent gales and ftorms which preThe cede the autumnal equinox. hiems ignava colono is verified here in for, excepting its greateft extent ; threfhing out and preparing the grain, no agricultural work is carried on in winter : then it is that the farmer enjoys the fruit of his labour, and to this feaibn he looks forward for the
his toil. The neighbouring farmers have convivial parties, where mirth and hilarity appear on every countenance, and realize the poet's

reward of

defcription

"

Frigoribus parto agricoltS plerumque

fmuntiu', inter fe lati cowvivia curant, Iwvitat genialis hietns, curafquerefol'vit ."

Mutua

Virgilu Grorg.

lib.

i.

v.

300.

" In general winter, fw'airis enjoy their {lore; Forget their hardfhips, and recruit for more The farmer to full bowls invites his friends, And what he got with pain, with pleafure
fpends.

Dry den.

the coaft, indeed, the fmall farmers employ themfelves in the fifheries during the winter months; and during the fummer in the making of kelp, which is the ftaple commodity of Orkney. Except juniper, wild myrtle, heath, and a fhrub called cyor-bordon, there is fcarce a tree or plant to be feen ; but this barrennefs cannot be imputed to the poverty of the foil or the climate, as many trunks of large oaks are to be found in all the moffes. There are no rivers, but the whole diftridt is well fupplied with lakes and rivulets, which not only are very large, and make much havock ferve to turn their mills, but yield among the iambs ; fo that by law, he them delicious trout, and the mouths that kills an eagle is entitled to a hes
\

On

the depredations of ravenous birds of various forts, efpecially eagles, to dogs, and to thieves* The breed is fo puny, that 5 s. fterling is confidered as a tolerable price for a fheep ready for Daughter. The wool is excellent in quality ; and, on an average, about a pound and an half is taken from every iheep ; to procure which, they are hunted down with dogs trained to the bufinefs. Notwithftanding thenwant of food, and the other difadvan-* tages under which they labour, they are more prolific than thofe in almoft any other part of the kingdom. lambs at a birth are common ; three are fometimes met with ; and, if the pafture be but tolerable, the mothers have milk fufficient to maintain them. fact reflecting thefe animals, which is as well authenticated as it is curious, deferves to be mentioned. In the little uninhabited iflets or holms, as they are called, fheep, efpecially ewes, are put to remain the whole year for pafture ; if about lambing time any perfon goes upon the ifland with a dog, or even without one, the ewes fuddenly take fright, and inftantly drop down as dead, as if their brains had been pierced through with a mulket bullet. Goats have never been common in the iflands. The domefticated fowls are common here as in other parts of Scotland ; and the heaths abound with partridges, groufe, heathcocks, plovers, and other game. The other wild fowl are eagles of various kinds, wild geefe and ducks in great variety, herons, hawks, gulls, folan geefe, fwans, gannets, &c. The eagles

Two

ORE
in

0R
parifll

where mon people are inured to great fathe from every houfe The King's falconer tigue, and are very adventurous, both it was killed. vifits the iflands every year, to fetch in fifhing during rough weather, and away the young hawks and falcons in climbing the rocks for fea' fowl, from their nefts among the precipices: and their eggs. Their mode of catchhe enjoys a yearly falary of twenty ing fea fowl is curious under the pounds, and. may claim a hen or a rock where the fowls build they row dog from every houfe in the country, their boat, provided with a large net, except thofe that are exprefsly ex- to the upper corners of which are empted from the exaction. The fea fattened two ropes, lowered down coaft fwarms with feala and otters, from the top of the rocks by men and are vifited by whales, cod, ling, placed there ; then hoifting up the haddocks, tufk, herrings, and all kinds net, until it be fpread oppofite to the of fifti on the fhores are found a cliffs on which the bird's are fitting, great variety of corals and coralines, the boatmen below make a noife with large oyfters, mufcles, cockles, &c. a rattle, by which the fowls being Pieces of ambergrize, fponge, and frightened fly into the bofom of the fpermaceti, are fometimes thrown net, in which they are immediately But the greateft curiofity enclofed, and lowered down into the aihore. which the fea throws on thefe iflands, boat in other parts they practife the are the Phafeoli, commonly known by method ufed in Norway, Iceland, and the name of Molucca or Orkney beans : St. Kilda ; one perfon being lowered they are a fort of fruit of different fpe- down by a fingle rope from the top cies, none of which are the produce of the precipice to the place where
:
1

of the iflands or neighbouring places, but are probably of American or Weft Indian origin. They are found chiefly on the weftern coafts, and might be gathered in great quantities Many ftrange fifties, if of any value. and curious marine fhells, of great variety,

are frequently caft

up by the

ocean ; and fometimes exotic fowls have been driven on the coaft of Orkney by tempeftuous weather. A lingle Laplander has been feen more than once on the coaft in his {lender canoe, covered with fkins, being driven hither by adverfe winds and ftorms. ters and antifcorbutics infufed in ale; The gentry of Orkney, like the gen- and for phthifical complaints, they try of other parts of Scotland, are ci- ufe the plant arby and the caryophylvilized, polite, and hofpitable. The lus marinus boiled in fvveet milk. Helanguage is Engiifh, with the Scottish ritable property in Orkney may be pronunciation and idiom. The com- confidered as divided into, ift, King's mon people are much addicted to fu- lands ; 2d, Kirk lands and, 3d, Udal perftition ; in particular, interpreting lands. The rents of the firft, being dreams and omens, and believing in clemefne lands, were anciently paid to the force of idle charms. For exam- the fovereign : but thefe, in procefs ple, they will not work nor go to fea of time, were feued by the crown in in particular unlucky days ; and the parcels to tenants, for payment of the fifhermen would reckon thcmfelves in old rental. The kirk lands were in the moft imminent danger, were they, limilar circumftances, having been by accident, to turn their boat in op- feued from the church by ecclefiaftics They or churchmen, at the former rental. pofition' to the fun's courfe. have the general character of being The udal is a peculiar tenure for frugal, fagacious, circumfpect, religi- fome of the crown lands, which no The mariners, where prevails in Scotland, except in ous, and hofpitable. which enter into the Britifh navy, are the four towns barony of Lochmaben, remarkable for their boldnefs, activity, and in the lands of Orkney and Shetand hardihood. At home, the com- land. The lands of Orkney, which
;

Kilda (St.) have been long famed for the clearnefs of their complexions, and the elegance of their fliape. The diftempers moft prevalent are thofe occafioned by the moifture of the climate, and from the hidden alterations of heat and cold, to which, from their infular fituation, they are much expofed : the rheumatifm, confumptive complaints, agues, fcurvy, and cutaneous eruptions, are the moft frequent. For the cure of the agues they life a diet-drink of bitthe birds neftle
;

vide

The Orkney women

ORK

ORK

vifited by the buffes employed in the a-rc held by this tenure, are faid to have been granted by Olaus, one of herring-fihV-ry, which barter tobacco, wine, brandy, &c. for provifions, dried the Norwegian kings, upon condition of receiving one-third of the produce; fifhj oil, Sec. Great numbers of black and the property devolved in fuccef- cattle, fheep, and fwine, are annually iion, without charter or feizin, from exported ; with great quantities of either the fovereign or fuperior : the grain, butter, tallow, fait, woollen

conditional payment of one-third of the produce is now given up, and at prefent ibme of the tidal lands pay a lrnall rent to the crown ; Ibme pay to the church, and feme do not pay to one or other. The property of the ndal lands is transferred from one perfon to another limply by delivery and poffeffion ; the only formality requisite to render the tranfaction valid, being the infertion of the transfer into the rental of the fuperior, which is done without fee or reward.

fluffs,

fkins

of

feals,

otters,

lambs,

and rabbits ; down, feathers, quills, &c. &c. The manufacture of kelp, which is the moft valuable, and may
be confidered as the ftapie commodity of Orkney, was firft introduced by Mr. James Fea of Whitehall, in Stronfay, in 1722; iince which time the manufacture has been gradually on the increafe. From the year 1763 to 1778, the average quantity made in Orkney was 1800 tons annually, and the average price was 4 guineas per ton; from 1778 to 1792, there was manufactured annually about 3000 tons, at 61. fterling per ton ; from 1792 to 1794, the quantity was upwards of 4000 tons. By this ftatement it appears, that fince the year 1722 to 1794? a period of 72 years, the produce of kelp in this diftrict has been 291,976k fterling, which is more than 36 years purchafe of all the Orkney iflands, the grofs rent of which, excluding the kelp and (liberies, is only about 8cool. fterling per annum. The early accounts of thefe iflands are involved in many fables. They are firft defcribed by the geographer Metas, whofe account is very inaccurate-: Pliny the elder alfo mentions them, and ftates their number at about 40. They are afterwards defcribed by Solinus, the fuppofed cotemporary of Agricola who ftates, that in his time they had not a fmgle inhabitant, and were overgrown with rufhy grafs his accounts are by no means to be depended on ; and, upon the whole, it feems generally to be allowed, that
;

The tidal rights were renewed by James VI. and Charles II., and confirmed by the Court of Seffion, and a decree of the Britifh Houfe of Peers, in 1736 and 1727. The ftandard weights of the Orkneys are called the puniar and bifmar ; two balances, on
the principle of the

Roman

fteelyard,

both very inaccurate and falfe, which have been in ufe ever iince the Danes

had poffeffion of the country. It may beproper to give a Statement of the

differences of thefe weights from each other, and what proportion they bear

other weights of Scotland. two punlars, viz. the malt puniar, and the bear puniar: the former, which is ufed in weighing malt, is as follows 24 merks make ifett'mg, equal to 3a lbs. Dutch; 6 Jet tings make 1 metl, equal to ftones Dutch. In the bear puniar, 24 ynerks make ifettvig, equal to 1 ftone

to the

There

are

n^

5 lb.

Dutch

6 fettings

make

1 meil,

equal to x-]\ ftones Dutch. The bifmar is ufed for weighing butter, and fmaller articles it weighs from 1 to 24 merks, which laft quantity is denominated a lifpund : and 7 lifpunds make a barrel, equal to 14 ftones Dutch. The trade of Orkney is not at prefent very confiderable, though it might be extended to great advantage. They fupply with provifions the fhips which touch upon the coaft in northern voyages, or in their paf;

Julius Agricola, the Roman general in Britain, was the firft Roman who landed on the Orcades, till then unknown, except by report, and fubdued them. After that period, however, we know little about them. Oflian

feems to coniider the Orkneys as a diftinct kingdom having monarchs of their own, who were powerful, and fage from the Eaft Indies, when in caufed their arms to be known at a time of war, to avoid privateers of the great diftance. It is probable that enemy, they fail round the north of the Picts poffeffed thefe iflands until
Iceland and Scotland.

They

are alfo

the fubverlion of the Pictifh

3

kingdom

At

ORK
in

ORM

Scotland by Kenneth II. They became verted in the crown ; but, as continued annexed to the Scottifh the Earl of Morton pofiefled the pamonarchy until 1099, when they were tronage of the ftewartry, that nobleaffigned by King Donald Bane to the man long pofiefled the office of ftewKing of Norway, for the affiftance ard and lheriff. Sir Thomas Dundas, which Donald had received from that now created Lord Dundas, acquired king in his ufurpation. They remain- the fuperiority of the iflands fome ed in poflefiion of the Norwegians years ago from the Earl of Morton until the middle of the 13th century, by purchafe, and ftill pofieffes it, with when Magnus King of Norway trans- the right of patronage to all the paferred them to Alexander King of rifhes of the ftewartry except two. Scotland, who gave the property He is authorized to create certain thereof to a nobleman firnamed Spiere, judges called bailiffs, of which there an heirefs of whole family brought it is one in every ifland and parifh, who to the Sinclairs or St. Clairs, one of have power to fuperintend the manwhom was created Prince of Orkney ners of the inhabitants, to hold courts^ and Duke of Oldenburgh, upon his and determine civil caufes, according marriage with a daughter of the King to the law of Scotland, to the value of Denmark. One of his fucceflbrs of ten pounds Scots, or 16s. 8d. fterhaving forfeited, the title and eftate ling but all contefts of a higher import are referred to the decifion of fell to the crown ; but the iflands were of fmall advantage to the Scots, the fteward, his fubftitute, or deputy, being often difturbed in their poffef- who refides at Kirkwall, the court
:

fion by the Norwegians, who again afferted their right of fovereignty, and often pofleffed them, until the year

town of the ftewartry. As the Danes and Norwegians long pofiefled thefe iflands, they have left behind them

1470, when James III. of Scotland married Margaret daughter of the King of Norway, with whom they again pa fled to the qrown of Scotland in lieu of dowry; and, upon the birth of her fon, they were finally ceded.

many
which

veftiges of forts,

caftles,

&c.

are noticed under the accounts of the different iflands and parifhes.

The Danes, however, had pretentions

totally

to the Orkneys, which were never abandoned, until James VI. marrying Anne daughter of the King gefts two improvements of the Orkof Denmark, the poflefiion was final- neys, viz. the erection of an univerlity ly recognifed in favour of the Scottifh at Kirkwall, and allowing the Eaft king. Queen Mary advanced James India company to have warehoufes Hepburn Earl of Bothwell to the dig- on one of the iflands ; but, in our onity of Duke of Orkney, which be- pinion, the improvement of the Orkcame extinct on his death ; when neys will be promoted chiefly by a King James VI. created a natural fon vigorous pivfecution of the fifheries of James V. Earl of Orkney, which, and manufacture of kelp, and by a failing in his fon, it returned to the proper attention to the improvement crown. The title of Earl was re- of their breed of fheep. The valued vived in the family of Hamilton, in rent of the whole ftewartry of Ork1696; and in that family it ftill re- ney and Shetland, is 56,551k 9s. id. mains. The ifles of Orkney and Shet- Scots, and the real land rent, includland compofe one ftewartry, and fend ing the fifheries and kelp manufacture, one member to the Imperial parlia- may be eftimated about 18,500b fterment. The right of fuperiority to ling. the Orkneys was difmembered from a parifh in Hadthe crown by the Union parliament, dingtonfhire about 5 miles long, and and granted for a certain yearly con- 3| broad, lying on a branch of the rifideration to the Earl of Morton, who ver Tyne. The furface is moftly flat, was by Queen Anne appointed here- and the foil a rich clay, well enclofed ditary fteward and jufticiary. Upon with hedge-rows and fences. It is in the abolition of hereditary jurisdic- general wet, and the climate is cold ; tion, the appointment of the fteward but this is not the cafe with the vib

Some of the iflands abound with valuable minerals ; but, except the rich ore of fllver in the ifland of Hoy, and ores of lead and iron near Stromnefs, no mineral of value has been wrought, Campbell, in his Political Survey, fug-

ORMISTOUN;
;

ORP
lage of Ormistoun, which is neatly built on a riling ground, the foil of which is gravel. It confifts of two rows of houfes parallel to each other,

o u c
miles in circuit, fituated at the N. weftern extremity. The fmall ifiand of Cava, containing 19 inhabitants,

with a wide fpacious

ftreet

and the whole is fome beautiful plantations belonging to the Earl of Hopetoun. It is chiefly
;

them

between lheltered by

belongs to this parilh. There are feveral chalybeate fprings, and abund-

a farming village, the only branches of manufacture being a diftillery and a ftarch work, which employs about 40 perfons. In 17 91, it contained between 500 and 600 inhabitants. Near
the village is Qrmijloun-hall, a beautiful feat of the Earl of Hopetoun, in the garden of which is a yew tree of

ance of excellent iron ore flates are in one quarry, though of an inferior quality and fome crop veins of coal have been difcovered. The number of iheep is between 3000 and 4000. There are the remains of many old chapels, and of two conliderable fortifications. In 1794, the population was 8z6 ; decreafe 29 fince 1755.
:

found

Orr
which

rifes

remarkable
in

fize

its

trunk

is

fmall river in Fifefhire, in the parim of Beath ;

feet

circumference, and 25 feet in length; the diameter of the ground covered by its branches is 53 feet. It is (till in full vigour, without the leaft decay in its branches, and is probably upwards of 300 years old. About 2 miles from the village, on the top of a fmall hill, called Doe/ridge Law, are the remains of a Daniih camp. Limeftone is abundant and, on the eftate of the Earl of Hopetoun, there is an excellent coal mine. This parilh gave birth to the Cockburns of Ormiftoun, celebrated as ftatefmen and lawyers, about the beginning of the laft century : one of them, John Cockburn, Efq. after having long ferved as reprefentative of Haddingtonihire in the Union parliament, and as one of the Lords of the Admiralty, retired about the year 1740 to his paternal eftate, and contributed to the eftabliihment here of the firft bleachfield in the country. In 1 791, the population was
;

and, after a courfe of 15 miles E. falls into the Leven about 3 miles

from

its

mouth.

or Urr ; a lake and river in Kirkcudbrightfhire. Vide Urr.

Orr,

Orrin
rifes

a river in Rofs-fhire,
S.

which

borders of that county, and falls into the river Conon, at the kirk of Urray. Orrock; a hill in Fifefhire, near
in the

W.

upon which are many which contain human bones. It is faid that diamonds of a line water have been found in the debris, at
Burntifland,
tumuli,

the foot of
fhire,

it.

ORWELL;

a parifh in Kinrofsvillage
in

fometimes called Mil-na-tbort,

from the principal

which

864; increafe 54 fince 1795.

ORONSAY

a fmall fertile ifiand

of the Hebrides, in the parochial diftriet of Jura and Colon/ay, from which latter ifjand it is feparated by a narrow channel. The wails of a priory ftill remain a fine relic of the religious antiquities of the Hebrides.
;

the church is fituated. It is between 5 and 6 miles long, and 5 broad ; and the greater part of the furface is flat, riling gradually towards the northern border ; the foil is moftly fertile, and more than one half is enclofed. In the eaftern part of the parilh, near the foot of the Lomond bills, are the ruins of the cajlle of Burleigh, formerly the relidence of the Lords Burleigh, which has been a place of great
ftrength,

and
;

is

furrounded by very

large trees.

was 1705

In 1795, the population decreafe 186 fince 1755.

OUCHTERARDER.
T F R A R I)
I'

Vide Auch.,

Vide Colonsay.

ORPHIR;
of

a parifh in the ifiand

OUCHTERDER R A N.
AuCHTERDERRAN.

Vide

Orkney, about 8 miles long, and from a to 3 broad. The furface is diverfified with hills and vales, in which many fmall rivulets run towards the fea but, like the
in
;

Pomona

QUCHTERG AVEN.
TERGaVEN.

Vide Vide

Ay c hAuch.

OUCKTERHOUSE.
TER HOUSE.

of the Orkney iflands, the appearance is barren and naked, from the want of wood. There is one lake called the loch of Kirbifter3 about 3
reft

OUCHTERLESS.
TER. LESS.

Vide

AuchVide

6 U C HT E R M U CH T Y. AUCHTERMUCHTY,

OXN
OUCHTERTOUL.
TERTOUL.
Vide

O
Auchis

YN

various, but
fertile
;

ably
its rile

upon the whole tolerbut the want of enclo-

Oude;

a fmall river in Argyllfhire,

from Loch Tral/g, in the braes of Lome, and falls into the head of Loch Me/fort, in the pa-

which takes

sures prevents agricultural improvement. The pariih is watered by numerous rivulets ; particularly the Coquet, the Jed, the Kail,

of Kilninver. (Loch), or Loch Aw; a lake Vide (Loch.) in Argyllshire. As an enumeration of the ifiands in this beautiful expanfe of water was omitted under the article Aw, it is thought proper to take notice of them
rifli

nam,

all

and the Oxof which abound with trout.

Ow

Aw

lifh

in this place.

which
pel
;

Thefe are hiiJh-Ail, on are the remains of a fmall chahuJh-Eraith, the fcene of one of
Ini/b-Chonnel,

Oman's tales ;

on which

are the ruins of an ancient caftle, a former feat of the Argyll family; and Fraoch-Elain, on which are the ruins of a caftle, the property of the chief of the clan of Macnaughton. On a peninfula of the lake ftand the ruins of Kilchitrn-cajile, built by the lady of
Sir Colin Campbell, in 1440, while her hufband was engaged in the holy tvars. It was afterwards much enlarged, and became the chief feat of the Earls of Braidalbin. This magnificent caftle is faft going to ruin, and is a melancholy monument of the mutability of human grandeur, and of the all-deitruclive hand of time.

the S., where it joins to the Engborder, the hills are more elevated, and only fit for pafturage; but, on the banks of the rivers, there are many fertile arable fields. There are the remains of various military operations. The great Roman road from Borough-bridge to the Lothians can be traced the whole length of the parifh, and there are veftiges of 3 ancient fortifications, particularly the tower of Dolphinfton. Limeftone is found on the banks of the Jed ; but, though there are flattering appearances of coal, no attempt to difcover it lias been fuccefsful. In 1793, the population was 690; decreafe 70 fince 1755Oxnam ; a river in Roxburghfhire, which rifes in the parifh of Oxnam ; and, after a courfe of about 12. miles, wherein there are many beautiful ferpentine windings through fteep and romantic banks, falls into the Teviot about half a mile below the church of
Crailing.

On

" What does not fade

long has flood The crufh of thunder, and the warring winds, Shook by the flow, but fure deftroyer

a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, Garioch, of an irregular figure, the extreme points of which are 3 or 4 miles diftant in every direction. It is watered by the Don, the Urji, the Shevock, and the Gadie, Time, Now hangs in doubtful ruins o'er its bafe." all of which contain trout. The parifh is in general very fertile ; but aArmjlrong. gricultural improvements are far beOXNA; a fmall inhabited ifland of hind, owing to the want of leafes, Shetland, in the parifh of Tingwall, and the badnefs of the roads, which about 4 miles W. from the town of prevents the liberal ufe of lime as a Scalloway. manure. There are considerable plananciently Oxen ham ; a tations around the manfion-houfes of parifh in Roxburghfhire, of an irregu- Wefthall, Tilly/our, and Phtoctrie. The lar rectangular figure, 93- miles long latter is an elegant building, the refiby 5 miles broad, except at one place, dence of Colonel Knight Erfkine. where it is not more than a. The There are two diftincT: druidical temgeneral appearance is rather bleak ples, one of which is of great extent. and hilly ; but the hills are of fmall In 1793, the population was 630; de? elevation, and moft of them are co- creafe 10 fince 1755. vered with green pafture, The foil
!

the tower that

OYNE

in the diftridl of

OXNAM,

PAI

PAl

a final! ifland of the He8 miles from Barray ; about \\ miles long, i broad, and inhabited by 3 families. a'fmall ifland, a miles from the ifle of Sky ; about a mile long, and three-fourths of a mile broad.
;

PABAY

brides,

about

Old Town, which is fituated on the W* bank of the Cart, runs in a direction from E. to W., upon the S. Hope of a ridge of hills, from whence there is
a delightful profpeel of the city of Glafgow and the adjacent country, occupying an extent of about a mile fquare ; the New Town and abbey, on the oppofite bank of the river, communicating with the Old Town by 3 handfome bridges. This part was feued fome years ago by the Marquis of Abercorn, and now confifts of a number of handfome buildings. The ftreets are laid out in a regular manner, but (unfortunately for the convenience and elegance of fome of the houfes) not at right angles. Near the center of one of the
principal ftreets, the
at his

PABBA;

and only ufed for In one place are pafturing cattle. great indications of iron ore ; and many of the rocks are of limeftone, approaching to the nature of marble, and exhibits beautiful fpecimens of petrified fifh and fhells. At its northern extremity are the remains of a
It is uninhabited,

fmall chapel.

PABBAY
compofe the

one of the

ifies

which

of Harris. It has a. conical appearance, and rifes to a peak confiderably higher than the neighbouring ifiands; it is nearly cirdiftrict

Marquis has built,

own

expence, one of the largeft,

cular,

and its diameter may meafure about %\ miles. This ifland once fupplied the diftridt with corn but, from
;

moft elegant, and moft commodious inns in the kingdom ; and, in the im-

the fand drift which now covers its S. E. fide, it has loft its fertility, and exhibits the moft defolate appearance towards the S. W., which is iheltered by Bemeray. It is very productive but, on the N. W., expofed to the fpray from the Atlantic, fcarce any vegetation is difcovered. PAISLEY ; a confiderable town in Renfrewfhire, feated on the White Cart river, about 6\ miles W. of Glafgow,

is to build the public market places. little to the S. of the inn is the abbey church, the only one which Paifley formerly required. This church, when entire, has been a moft noble building, and confifted of feveral diftindt and feparate places of worihip ; and what now remains of that magnificent Gothic ftru&ure, is ftill worthy of " The great notice and admiration. north window," fays Mr. Pennant, 40 20 W. long, from London, and " is a noble ruin, the arch very lofty, S5^ 52' N. lat. It is a place of great and the middle pillar wonderfully antiquity ; but only of late years has light, and ftill entire : only the chanit rifen to be a place of importance. cel now remains, which is divided into In the beginning of the laft century, a middle and two fide aides, by very when Mr. Crawford wrote the hiftory lofty pillars, with Gothic arches : aof Renfrewfhire, it feems to have been bove thefe is another range of pillars an inconfiderable town ; for he de- much larger, being the fegment of a fcribes it as confifting only of one circle, and above a row of arched principal ftreet, about half a mile in niches from end to end ; over which length, with feveral lanes belonging the roof terminates in a fharp point. to it ; whereas, now, the town with The outride of the building is deits fuburbs, occupies fuch an extent of corated with a profufion of ornaments, ground, that it may be confidered efpecially the great weft and north next to Edinburgh, Glafgow, Dundee, doors, than which fcarce any thing and Aberdeen, as the largeft and moft lighter ox richer can be imagined." populous town of Scotland. The Clofe bv the church is the. aifle or

mediate vicinity, his Lordfhip

AI
'
. .

burying-place of the family cf Abercorn, which, in the opinion of the tourift already quoted, " is by much the greateft coriofity in Paifley. It is a fmall vaulted Gothic chapel, without pulpit, pew, or any other ornament whatever but has the fmeft echo perhaps in the world. When the end door (the only one it has) is fliut, is equal to a loud and very near clap of thunder. If you ftrike a iingle note of muiic, you hear the found gradually attending, with a great number of repetitions, till it dies away as if at an immenfe diftance, and all the while diffuiing itlelf through the circumambient air* If a good voice Gngs, or a mulical inftrument is played upon, the
;

a great deal of property in every' part of the kingdom. The Cbrtmicon Clugnienfe, or " the black book of Pa; frequently mentioned in Scottilnhi-

was a chronicle of the public and remarkable events, kept by the monks who refided in this moftory,
afiairs
it agreed in every remarkable with the Scoilchra.iccn of Fordun, which is thought by many to have been copied from it. The greatly increated population of this town has occaiioned the erection of many new churches, both on the eftablifnment and for diffenting congregations fome of which are highly ornamental to the town. The To-zvn-haufe is a very handfome building, cf cut ftone, with

naftery:

tact

a lofty fpire and clock. The Butchermarket is the neateft and moft comare diftinctly reverberated, and thefe modious of the kind in Britain, with When a an elegant front of hewn ftone. The at regular intervals of time. mufical innrumeHt is founded, it has Poor-bcufe is a large building, oppofite the effect of a number of a like fize to the quay, in a fine open fituation, and kind playing in concert." In this fupported by a fmall affeffment on the chapel is the monument of Marjory inhabitants. Of late years, numerous Bruce, the daughter of King Robert elegant houfes have been erected; and Bruce, and wife of Walter great ftew- the ftreets are well paved, fpacious, The river ard of Scotland, from whom defcended and excellently lighted. the royal line of Stewart. Near her White Cart, on which Paifley ftands, runs from S. to N., and fails into the monument are the graves of Elifabeth Muir and Euphemia Rofs, both con- Cijdc, after it has joined the river The abbey of Gryjfe and Black Cart, at Ir.chinnan ibi-ts to Robert II. Paifiey, of which the abbey church bridge, about 3 miles below the town. and the aifle are the only remains, The White Cart was, by the direction was founded in 1160 by Walter great of the magiftrates of Paifley, furveyed fteward of Scotland, as a priory for by Mr. Whitworth in 1786. He rethe monks of the order of Ciugr.i. It ported, that, by removing fome rocks was afterwards railed into the rank of and fhoals in the river, a depth of an abbacy ; and the lar.ds belonging 7 feet of water might be obtained in to it were by Robert II. erected into fpring tides ; and, as the channel is a regality, under the jurifdiction of but fhallow under Inchinnan bridge, After the Reformation, as it could not be eaiily or fkfely the abbot. the abbacy was fecularized, and, in deepened there, and as, at any rate, 1588, erected into a temporal lordfhip veffels with ftanding mails could not in favour of Lcrd Claud Hamilton, pafs under the arches, he propofed to third fon of the Duke deChatelherault, avoid that part of the navigation by who was created Lord Paifley. The means of a navigable canal, which buildings of the abbey were greatly mould leave the river a little above, enlarged and beautified in 14S4, by- and join it a little below the bridge. Abbot George Shaw, who furrounded The expence of the whole, including the whole precincts with a noble wall a draw-bridge over tne canal, was of hewn ftone : this wall ftood till eftimated at 190c!. The plan being 1 78 1 > when the garden being feued approved of, an act of parliament was by the late Earl of Abercorn for build- obtained, empowering the magiftrates ingj the wall was fold to the feuers, of Paifley and others, as truftees, to who employed the ftones in building carry on the work, and to defray the The revenues of this expence by a tonnage of 8d. prr ton their houfes. navigating the Cart-, abbacy were very great, having, bo upoii all de the tylhes of aoduTerent pariihes, except thole ioaded with coal. The
effect is inexprefiibly agreeable.
r,

The

as well as the moft acute tones,

? AI
work was completed
in

PAI
1791* at the

expence of 4000I. Since this navigation has been opened, the advantages refulting from it have been very great, and now veffels of 40 tons burden can eafily come up and unload at the quay. Paifiey is certainly the firft manufacturing town in Scotland, and is greatly celebrated on account of fome of its branches of manufacture, particularly in the weaving line. Its commercial importance is eafily to be traced, from very fmall beginnings but its progrefs, at fome periods, has been rapid and aftoniihing k Not long after the Union, when a free trade was opened with South Britain, the fpirit of manufacture began to manifeft itfelf in Paifiey, and their fabric of the cloth was fo much efteemed, that it found a ready market not only in the vicinity, but alfo in the neighbouring kingdom. But the trade of
Paifiey in that period

owed

its

chief

encouragement to a fet of men which were of great benefit to this country, though they are difcountenanced and laid under fevere reftrictions by government, viz. the pedlars or travelThefe ling merchants of England.

men having long frequented Paifiey for the purchafe of their goods, and having made a little money, came to
the town, and bought up the goods which they vended to their friends and correlpondents in England. The merchants of Glafgow alfo began to make purchafes for exportation. Such was the trade of Paifiey about the year 1760, before which period the articles of manufacture were coarfe chequered linen cloth, and fine linen handkerchiefs. Thefe were fucceeded by lawn, linen gauze, and that fpecies of thread,
fettle in

winders, warpers, clippers, and others neceffary in the other parts of the filk manufacture, has been computed to be nearly equal. Each loom is calculated to produce, on an average, upwards of 70I. fterling per annum ; fo that the whole will be more than 350,0081. It appeared, on the belt calculation, that what could be made then, in the year 1784, the manufactures of Paifiey in filk gauze, lawn and linen gauze, and white fewing thread, amounted to the annual value of 579,185b 16s. 6d., and 26,484 perfons were employed in carrying them on. At prefent, it is difficult to give an exact account of the ftate of their manufactures. The filk branch has greatly declined, but the muflin and thread have confiderably increafed ^ and, fince the conclufion of the war, the cotton manufacture has been car*. ried on to an extent unknown before. Befides thefe principal manufactures, there are fome others which ought not to be forgot ; for inftance, feveral tan works, foap and candle works, and the manufacture of tape and ribbons. In 1789, the ftate of the different branches of trade was thus eftimated

No. vf'hands Aimual

ManufaEitireSt Silk gauze, .

employed.
.

produce.
.

10,000
~\

L.350,000
.

Lawns,cambrics, thread gauze & 12084

muflins, j White thread, . . . 4800 Soap candles,

180,385
.

&

Ribbons,

Sec.

<

Tan works, &c

.

70,000 48,000 2,000 10,000

. .
.

Total yearly value of the manufactures of Paifiey, L.660,385; Befides thefe extenfive works in town,
.

there are

many

others in the

Abbey

which was firft introduced into this parilh of Paifiey, which includes the neighbourhood from Holland by a fuburbs, and is nearly equal in po^ lady of the Bargarron family, and is pulation with the town. In the vaftill one of the chief branches of marious weaving branches, there were nufacture. About the year 1760, the employed at Whitfunday 1791, in the
manufacture of filk gauze, fimilar to fuburbs of Paifiey, 1208 looms. The that of Spittalfields in London, was cotton-fpinning is alfo carried on in introduced, and fucceeded far beyond the Abbey parifh to a great extent expectation. It was foon brought to two of the mills contain 22,572 fpingreat perfection, and is now wrought dles, and employ nearly 1000 perfons. in a great variety of patterns. It has There is alfo a calico-printing work, been computed, that there have been a copperas work, and feveral extenno fewer than 5000 weavers employ- five bleachfields. In the fuburbs alfo, ed in that branch in Paifiey and the is a foap and candle work, which

neighbourhood

and the number of pavs about

I

jtoool.

of duty

iter

annum

2B

PAl
to government, and, in 1792, paid 3000I.: a black lbap manufactory alfo In its paid 4500I. in the fame year. municipal capacity, Paifley is governed by three bailies, of which the eldcft is commonly in the commiffion of the peace, a treafurer, town clerk, and 17 counfellors, who are annually elected. Its revenues are fmall, but have been lately increafed, in proportion to the increafe of population. It
is

PAN
one quarry, of a
species'

of laph
is

ollaris, called

Ofmund flone, which

Are proof, and highly on demand for the hearths of ovens. In the limeftone quarries are found foffil shells, and o* ther marine exii-vite, ; great variety and abundance. Befides the fhells natural to our ,'feas, are found many foreign ihells; as anom'ne, gryphytes, milUperes, fungites, pectines,

&c. Corals have alfo been found in the enjoys all the privileges and powers coal fhafts, in detached pieces of limeneceffary for government and police, ftone and fchiftus, fometimes at the without any of the burdens to which depth of not lefs than 160 feet. In royal boroughs are fubjected, and the limeftone there are often fine foewhich always retard their prosperity. cimens of calcareous, and rhomboidal The freedom of the town is confer- fpars one bed offchiftus contains conred on moderate, terms. It received siderable quantities of iron pyrites, and its firft charter of erection from King even native fulphaie of iron, which is James IV. in the year 1488 being extracted from it by a company eftathen erected into a burgh of barony, bliihed in the neighbourhood for the under the superiority of George Shaw, manufacture of copperas. Some of the Abbot of the monastery of Paif- the beds offchif.us and freeftone exhiley, and his fucceffors; and, upon the bit fine fpecimens of impreffions of Reformation, it came into the power native and exotic plants. In a thriving of the Hamilton family, now repre- manufacturing town like Paifley, the fented by the Marquis of Abercorn, population muft be always varying ; who from it takes his fecond Scottifh and there is every reafon to believe, title of Baron Paifley. The country that, fince the returns were made to

and

fhells

Sir John Sinclair, in 1791, the number 77?,? parifh the extent of of inhabitants has increafedone fourth. which is -about 9 miles in length, and At that time, the number of fouls in from half a mile to three miles in the town of Paifley was 13800 breadth. In the fuburbs . . . 6103 The furface is irregular, fwelling, particularly in the neighbourhood of the town, into gentle eTotal . . 19903 minences. Towards the N-. of the befides 4689 in the country part of town it is remarkably level, having the abbey parifh ; which makes the formerly been a morafs, but now cul- whole number in the two parifhestivated. On the oppofite fide of Paif- 24,592, being an increafe of 17,793 ley, the ground is hilly ; one of the fince 17^5. PALDIE, or PALDIEKIRK ; a eminences, called Stanley brae, being 6?,o feet above the level of the fea at fmall village in the parifh of Fordoun, flood. The foil varies considerably ; in Kincardinefhire, noted for its three but is chiefly light loam, rendered to- days fair. It is faid to have received lerably productive by long culture, its name from St. Palladius, firft bifhop but wet and cold, from having a bot- of the Scots, who was interred there. tom of clofe impervious till. This PANBRIDE ; a parifh in Forfarcircumftancc, and the vicinity to the fhire, fituated on the fea coaft, at the Atlantic, renders the climate moift ; mouth of the Frith of Tay. It is about and rheumatic, pulmonary, and other s\ miles long, and 2 broad : the geinflammatory diforders, are very pre- neral appearance is flat, with a consivalent. About 140 acres are covered derable declivity from the N. to the with natural wood, which is all that fea ; the coaft is flat and rocky, but remains of the extenfive/or*;/? of Paif- has two open harbours at the Eafl and ley, mentioned in many ancient papers. Weft Havens, where fmall veffels may The whole diftrict abounds with va- deliver their cargoes during the rumrious ufeful and curious minerals. mer months. The foil varies confiCoal, limeftbne, and freeftone, are derably ; being fandy on the coaft, wrought in many places ; and there loam or clay in the middle, and muiry

around the town

of the abbey of

is

called

Paifley,

PAP
parifh is watered by a covfiderable ftream, which runs at the bottom of a valley called Battle's den, over which is thrown a high bridge on the turnpike road from Dundee to Arbroath. There ki
its

PAT
The
I

northern extremity.

it

to be rcforted to by a great

fifhircg.

company from England, who have

e-

redted convenient drying-houfes upon, it. There is a very remarkable cave,, by which the fea flows a great way under the rocks of the iiland. in

are feveral villages, viz. Eajl and Wejl Havens, Panbrlde, Skrine, and Mulr{Irum ; at the latter of which is a poftIn the northern part of the office. parifh ftands the houfe of Pamnure, with its extenfive enclofures and plantations, the property of the Hon. W. Ramfay Maule, but at prefent the residence of his brother, the Hon. Capt. Ramfay. Near the houfe are the vaults and foundations of the old caftle of Panmure, long the feat of the Earls of that name. The anceftors of Hector Boethius or BoErE, were for feveral generations proprietors of the barony of Panbride ; and it is generally reported, that that hiftorian was born in this pariih. In 1801, the population was 13.83 ; increafe 123 iince

3791, and 201 more fince 1755. or a village in Aberdeenfhire, in the parifh of Glenmuick, noted for its mineral waters. Thefe waters iffue from the N. fide of the hill of Pannanacb, and are faid to referable the Seltzer water in Germany, being ftrongly impregnated with the aerial acid. They are of great fervice in gravelliih, fcorbutic, and fcrophulous affections. The wells are the property of Mr. Farquharfon of Mo?ialtrie, who has cleared the fpring, and covered them, and erected feveral houfes for the accommodation of the water drinkers, and a public and private bath. He has alfo built a large and commodious houfe, called Pannanacb Lodge, on the banks of the Dee, about a mile from the wells. PAPA-STOUR ; a fmall ifland of Shetland, about a mile W. of the Mainland, lying in the parifh of Walls and Sandnefs. It is about 2 miles long, and 1 broad; flat, and extremely agreeable in fummer. The foil is fandy, and, in a warm fummer, when well

PANNANACH,

PANNANICH

contained 285 inhabitants. a fmall ifland' of Orkney, lying on the N. E. fide of Stronfay, about half a mile diilant from that ifland. It is about 3 miles in circumference -flat, and fo fertile,, that, under proper management, it might be made one continued corn, field ; it lies at a mouth of a creek or harbour of Stronfay,. to which it gives the name of Papa Sound. -There are 2 ruinous chapels' on the 'ifland, dedicated to St. Nicholas and St. Bride;, and, half way between thefe chapels,, is an eminence called the Earl's Know, which has a number of graves, con-, taining human bones of a large iize. PAPASTRAY; an ifland of Orkney, lying on the N. fide of Weftray, about 3 miles from that ifland," and 25 from Kirkwall, the head town, of the ftewartry. It is of an oval form ; about 4 miles long, and 1 broad it is a very fertile ifland, containing the befi: arable and pafture land in the Orkneys; it is divided into 24 ploughgates of land, and contains about 240 inhabitants. On the fhore are annually burnt about 70 tons of kelp. Paps of Jura four mountains in the ifland of Jura, which are confpi1792,
it

PAPA-STRONSAY.;

;.

WE

cuous

at a great diftance.
".

are Beinn-achaolms,

of the found mountain of gold ;" Beinn-Jheunta, " the facred mountain ;" and Corrabheinn, " the fteep and rugged mountain."

Their names " the mountain Beinn-an-oir, " the

Vide Jura.

a confiderable vil; lage in Fifefhire, in the parifh of Dyfart ; long famous for its manufactories of nails. It is fituated on the face

PATH-HEAD

of a hill looking towards the Frith of Forth, on the road from the N. of Fife to Ki.rkaldy, and is divided into two diftricts, called Dunnikier, on the eftate of Mr. Ofwald, and Sinclair-

manured with lea weed, yiefds rich toiun, on tire eftate of General Sir crops of bear, oats, and potatoes. The James Erfkine St. Clair. Of late, the grafs it produces is exceedingly rich. making of nails in this village has It poiTeiTes feveral fmall voes or har- been in a great meafure given up to bours, which afford fafe fhelter to the follow the different branches of weavfiihing boats. The beaches are excel- ing ; but, in 1792, there were ftill 43 lent for drying fifh, which have caufed fmiths, who made about 6 millions of
3

PEE
nails annually, the value of

PEE

which was The county contains only one royal upwards of ioool. There is a great borough, viz. Peebles, which is the annual fair for woollen and linen county town ; the villages of Linton cloths, held on the firft Wednefday and Newlands ; and is divided into 16 of Auguft. In 1792, there were 320 parifhes, containing in 1798, 8107 inhoufes, 581 families, and 2089 inha- habitants, being a decreafe of 801 bitants. Being an agreeable paffince 175 5PARTON; a parifh in the ftewartry toral country, it is adorned with nuof Kirkcudbright, of a fquare form, merous feats, particularly Nidpathcomprehending about 20 fquare miles. cafile, the property of the Duke of The ground is very unequal ; but none Queenfberry; Darnhall, a feat of Lord of the eminences deferve the name of Elibank ; Horfeburgh-cajlle, the feat of mountain. The furface is covered Mr. Horfeburgh; Stobo and Wheam, with heath, furze or broom, except feats of the late Lord Chief Baron the cultivated lands on, the banks of Montgomery Lamancba, the feat of the Ken, which unites with the Dee Mr. Cochrane Kirkurdy of Mr. Carabout half a mile from the village. michael ; New Cairnmuir, of Mr. There are 7 fmall lakes, which are Lawfon ; New Pojb, the refidence of plentifully ftored with trout. Near Sir J. Nafmyth, &c. There are many the church is a ftrong mineral fpring, highly efteemed mineral fprings ; and fimilar to the old well of Moffat. The the country abounds with feveral vapafture lands are ftocked with about luable minerals. Coal, limeftone, and 3000 head of black cattle, and 3000 marl, are particularly abundant and fheep. In 1790, the population was ironftone is found in many places, efpecially in Newlands parifh ; lead 409 increafe 13 fince 1755. PAXTON a village on the banks ore has been found in the parifhes of of the Tweed, in the county of Ber- Traquair and Tweedfmuir; and in wick, containing about 270 inhabit- the parifh of Linton has been difco; ; ; ; 5
'

vered a valuable ftratum of fullers earth. The valued rent of the counor ravine, in the parifh of Cockburns- ty is 51,9371. 13s. iod. Scots, and the path in Berwick/hire, on the road real rent is eftimated at 29,8201. fterbetwixt Berwick and Dunbar ; over ling. which an elegant bridge of 4 arches PEEBLES ; a royal borough and has lately been thrown. It is fuppofed county town of the county of TweedIt dale, to which it gives its name. to be the higheft bridge in Britain the height of the parapet from the is pleafantly fituated on the banks of furface of the water being 123 feet. the Tweed, over which there is an ePEEBLES-SHIRE, or legant bridge of 5 arches. The town DALE, extends 36 miles in length, is well built, in a beautiful and healthy and in general 10 in breadth ; in one opening, with a hilly country around. place extending to 16. It is bound- It is governed by a magiftracy and ed on the E. and S. E. by Berwick town council of 18 perfohs; and the and Selkirkfhires; on the S. by Dum- burgefles enjoy many privileges and fries-fhire; on the W. by Lanarkshire; immunities, granted by the munifiand on the N. by the cOunty of Mid- cence f many monarchs, particularLothian. It is a hilly contry, well ly James I. during whofe reign it was watered by the rivers Tweed, Yarrow., a royal refidence. It was in this town Leithen, and a number of pure ftreams, that royal author wrote his poem of on the banks of which the foil is fer- ' Peebles at the Play" in which he tile, and adapted for any kind of huf- defcribes a great feftival of diverfions, bandry. But, upon the whole, it is feafting, and mufic, with the humour better adapted for pafture, and the peculiar to himfelf. At prefent Peehills are covered with innumerable bles has become a place of confiderflocks of fheep, which are famous for able confequence, from its woollen the excellence of the wool they pro- manufactures, and is noted for the exduce. All the rivers and fmall lakes cellence of the beer made at its brewcontain falmon and trout ; and a lake ery. In 1793, it contained 1480 incalled the Weft Water loch fwarms habitants. It lies 22 miles S. of Edinivith eels in the ^reateft abundance. burgh, and unites with Lanark, Lh>
ants.

Peaths, or Peese

a vaft chafm

TWEED-

PEN
lithgow, and Selkirk, in fending a reThe paprefentative to pai-liament. rifh extends about io miles in length from N. to S., and si fr E. to W., and contains 18,210 acres, watered by the Tweed and the Eddie/lone, or Peebles water, which runs into it, after dividing the town of Peebles into two parts, called the New and Old towns. The general afpect of the country is hilly ; but, upon the banks of the rivers, the foil is highly fertile, and for the raoft part well cultivated. In the neighbourhood of the town the fcenery is truly picturefque and beautiful. The caftle of Nidpath, a feat of the Duke of Queeniberry, embo-

PEN
m
the refidence of the Countefs of Winton, previous to the attainder of that family in 1715. Coal and limeftone every where abound ; and there is plenty of excellent freeftone : there are alfo feveral mineral fprings. In 1793, the population was 1033 ; increafe 123 fince 1755. Pennelheugh ; a hill in the parifh of Crailing, in Roxburghfhire ; on the top of which are the remains of a ftrong encampment. a parifh in Wigtonfhire, fituated at the N. eaftern extremity of that county. It is about 16 miles long from N. to S., and from 5 to b\ miles broad, interfered by the military road from Dumfries to Port-Patrick. The greater part of the parifh is muiry or uncultivated ; but the whole is capable of being render-

PENNINGHAM;

fomed with wood, ftands proudly on an eminence towards the W. adjoining to the town ; its fituation is thus accurately defcribed by a native poet

ed fertile by diligent hufbandry. The The noble Nidpatb, Peebles overlooks, number of fheep is about 10,000. With its fair bridge, and Tweed's meanUpon the Cree, which bounds the padering brooks rifh on the E., ftands the thriving vilUpon a rock it proud and ftately {lands,

And

to the fields

around gives forth comfennycuhk.

mands,

the E. ftands the caftle of Horfeburgb, alfo feated on an eminence ; while the rich vale of EddleJlone water, ornamented with gentlemens feats, varies the landfcape to the N. ; and on the S. the view is enlivened by the Tweed, winding through a variety of thriving plantations. In 1793, the population was 1920; increafe 24 fince 1755Peffer ; a fmall rivulet, which rifes in the parifh of Athelftaneford, in Haddingtonfhire ; and falls into the Frith of Forth near the village of Aberlady.

Towards

lage of Newton-Douglas, formerly Newton-Stewart, which, from a fmall beginning, has, in 80 or 90 years, become a very confiderable town. There is a beautiful bridge thrown over the Cree at the N. end of the town, which connects the {hire

of Wigton with the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright. There is an extent of morafs, about 4 miles long, and 4 broad, called the mofs of Cree, which feems to have been formerly an arm of the fea, which adjoins immediately to the S. end of it. In 1790, the population was about 2000 ; increafe

500 fince 17^5.

PENCAITLAND;
foil is in

a parifh in

Haddingtonfhire, of an oblong fquare form, 4' miles long, and 3 broad. The
general wet and clayey, and cultivated. About 300 acres are covered with foreft trees ibme of which are of great fize. It is watered by the Tyne, which runs through its whole length, dividing it into two equal parts. There are 4 villages, viz. Eajler and fVeJier Pencaitland, Winton, and Nijbet ; each of which contains about 180 inhabitants. The principal feats are Fountain-hall, the feat of Sir Andrew Lauder Dick Pencaitland, the feat of John Hamiltpn, Efq. j and Winton-boufe, formerly
indifferently

PENNYCUICK; a parifh m the county of Mid-Lothian, lying about 9 miles S. W. of Edinburgh, on the borders of the county of Peebles. It extends from 11 to 12 miles in length and 6 in breadth, watered by the river EJk, which, riling in its weftern extremity, runs through its whole
extent. Towards the N. border, the parifh includes a confiderable part of

the Pentland hills, upon which are fed great flocks of fheep, about 8000 being reared in this parifh. The S. parts are more level ; and the furfacc is exceedingly various, exhibiting every kind of foil, from clay and mofs to the pooreft gravelly loam. The village of Pennycuick is fituated on the EJk, and has of late ccnfiderably

PEN
increafed in population and extent, by the erection of a large cotton mill in the vicinity, which employs upwards of 500 perfons. At the E. end is the parifli church of Pennycuick, a neat handfome building, with a portico fupported by Doric pillars. Near the village is Pennycuick-boufe, an elegant building, erected in 1761 by the
fhire,

PEN
PENPONT;
a parifli in Dumfries-

of confiderable extent, being upwards of 2 1 miles long, and on an average 5 broad. With a gentle afcent it rifcs from the S. E. towards the

N. W., where
above the
diftrict is

its

elevation

is

3500 feet

level of the fea.

The whole

by 4 ftecp

James Clerk, Bart, of Pennycuick. Its lituation is delightful, commanding a profpect of the valley in which the EJk runs ; terminated by the weftern extremity of the Pentlands, and the ruins of Erunjlune-cajlle. The library contains an excellent collection of books and paintings ; and the proprietor has alfo collected a
late Sir

great

number of Roman

antiquities,

mountainous, and divided ridges, forming 3 narrow glens, in each of which run 3 large flreams ; of which the Scarr and the Shinnelzre. the molt remarkable. Cairn' kiunoiu is a lofty mountain, nearly in the middle of the parifli ; its exact height is not afcertained, but it is the higheft land between the Solway Frith and the Frith of Clyde. The hills are moftly covered with rich pafture, and are interfperfed with many fertile arable fpots, of
early,

principally

which the foil is light, and capable of great improveThere are about 980 head of policies around are alfo highly orna- ment. mental. Near the river is OJfian's hall, black cattle, and 1200 fheep. One of the much admired work of Runci- the greateft natural curiofities of the man at the back of the houfe is an S. of Scotland, is Glenquhargen craigt exact model of the celebrated Roman which rifes almoft perpendicularly to temple, which formerly flood on the the height of 1000 feet; it is combanks of the Carron, which Buchan- pdfed of a hard brownifh bafaltes; nan termed Temphim Termini, but is and in one direction its two precipitous better known by the name of Arthur s fides ftrike the eye, when no other On the oppofite fide of the rock is to be feen on either fide. The Oven. river, to the S., is an obeliik raifed to village of Penpont contains about 120
the

from Antoninus' wall, and

at Netherby.

Roman camp

The

the memory of Allan Ramfay the inhabitants ; it is the feat of a prefRoman caufeway can be poet, who frequently relided here, bytery. and is fuppofed to have laid the fcene traced along the banks of the Scarr, of the beautiful paftoral, " The Gentle and there are diftinct veftiges of an Shepherd," on the borders of this pa- encampment. An old caftle, faid to have been erected by the Romans, is rifli and Glencrofs. In this parilh alfo are the feats of New-hall and Spittal. to be feen near the union of the Scarr There is abundance of coal and lime- and Nith, called Tiber's cajlle, proftone ; fome fpecimens of the latter bably a contraction from Tyber or Tiare fo hard as to receive a polifli like berius. Freeftone and whinftone are marble, exhibiting beautiful petrifac- abundant; and there are indications tions of mells, and fometimes of wood. of lead, iron, and coals: there are fome The hills abound with granite, free- rocks which contain calcareous fpar, In 1790, the poftone, ironftone, and the fpecies of and rock cryftals. In pulation was 800; decreafe 57 fince ftone called Petunfe Pentlandica.

tities

the Carlops hill are found fmall quanPENTLANDFRiTH,fometimesnamed of lead ore ; and, about half a mile W., at the Picket craig, a vein of PiBland Frith ; the ftrait which fepaore was for fome time wrought, which rates the Mainland of Scotland from yielded filver. In the bed of the EJk the Orkney IJles. It is only 12 miles are often found fine pebbles and blood- over, but in it the fea runs with fuch ftones, which have been formed into impetuous force by the meeting of fo The re- many tides, that no wind is able to feals and other ornaments. mains of feveral encampments, both fupport a vefFel again ft the current. circular and rectangular, are poinied The violence of the fea is felt even out in this neighbourhood. In 1793. upon the dry land; for, in thofe places the population was 1741, and had in- towards which the waves are forced by the ftorms, the lea dallies with fuch creafed 831 fmce 1755.
i

PEN
violence againft the rocks, that the fpray is carried fome miles over land, and falls down like a lhower of rain. In the Frith are feveral whirlpools, called Welh ofSivinna, near the ifland of Szvinna ; others near the ifland of

PEN

of Mid-Lothian. They are covered with rich pafture, affording excellent pafture to numerous flocks of lheep. In the valleys between them run feveral romantic dreams, particularly the North Efk, Glencrofs, and Logan waThe navigation is rendered ters ; the two latter of which difpute Fiftala. more hazardous by the ifland of Stro- the honour of being the fcene of Ramma and the Pentland Skerries, which fay's " Gentle Shepherd ;" (vide Glen-

lie

near its middle near the N. fide of the former ifland there is an exceeding dangerous whirlpool, called the S-tvalchie of Stroma, by the force of which the fea is covered with a white foam to a conftderable diftance. At the S. fide of the fame ifle is another dangerous place, in which the waves are dreadfully agitated, Called the Merry men of Mey, from the Mcy, a gentleman's feat, on the oppofite coaft
:

of Caithnefs. Notwithftanding thefe dangers, the Pentland Frith may be croffed and failed through without great danger, if mariners take care to enter it at the proper time ; but, at no time is it pofiible to caft anchor in any part of it ; and thofe who have attempted it, have either been obliged to cut their cables, or they would inftantly

have been overwhelmed with

the fury of the waves. This dangerous ftrait is the great thorough fare from the eaftern to the weftern coafts of the kingdom, and is the terror of the boldeft failors, and the grave of thoufands. When a W. or S. W. wind caufes an increafe of the current, fearce any veffel is able to withftand the tempeftuous furge.

White

Howl
Pale,

are the decks with foam, the winds aloud o'er the- mads, and fing through

every fhroud trembling, tir'd, the failors freeze

with

fears,

And

inftant death in every

wave

appears."

To render the navigation rather more fafe, a light-houfe is erected on the Pentland Skerries, which lie nearly in the middle of the E. end of the Frith. But, it wr ere furely to be wifhed, that the canal prcpofed from Invernefs to Foil William was carried into effect,
by which
this dangerous and circuitous navigation might be avoided.

hills are of conthe moft northerly, called the hill of Caerketan craig, being 1450 feet above the level of the fea, and the hillof Capelazv, to theweftward of it, is about 100 feet higher. The Logan-houfe hill, ftill farther W., and the higheft range of the Perulands, was found by geometrical merifuration, and repeated barometrical obfervations, to be exactly 1700 feet above the level of the fea at Leith. The E. end of this hill is fomewhat abrupt ; and, on the N. fide, the naked face of the rock appears of a lively white when feen at a diftance, at the height of 1460 feet above the fea level. This (tone has got the name of Pctunfe Pentlandica, from its refemblance to the materials which are employed in China for the manufacture of their porcelain. As it is the only example of this compound ftone found in Britain, or even in Europe, a fhort defcription of it will not be confidered as fuperfiuous. Some fpecimens of it are white, fome of a ffefli colour, and others are of a cream colour, with fmall red fpots. The pieces are in general of irregular forms ; but it is alfo found in layers about three quarters of an inch thick, and bended in various directions. Nodules of the fame fubftance, of the fize of peas, are alfo found in different parts of the rock. It is cornpofed of filiceous and argillaceous earth, infuch proportions, that it may be manufactured into any fort of earthen ware, without any addition. The reft of the hills are moftly cornpofed of granite, fome of it capable of receiving a fine polifh. Other minerals are found in confiderable quantities, and there are many indications of metallic ores. The fountains from whence the city of Edinburgh is fupplied with water, rife a-

cross.) Some of the

fiderable elevation
;

a ridge of mongft thefe hills. The Braid and which begin about 4 miles W. Blackford hills are a continuation of f Edinburgh, and extend a confiderthe fame ridge. able way towards the weftern borders Pentland Skerries; certain
hills,

Pentland Hills;

PER
fmall iflands, at the E. end of the Pentland Frith, on the largeft of which is a light-houfe. Vide Pentland Frith. a parifh in Forfarfhire, u; rhed to Logie. Vide Logie and

PER
and loamy being prevalent on the banks of the rivers, and fandy and til ly foil being prevalent on the fides
hills. In many places are ex* tenfive mofles, particularly in Mon teath, in which is fituated the mofs of

PERT

of the

Pert.

PERTHSHIRE is one of the largeft counties of Scotland; extending 77 miles in a ftraight line, from Blairgowrie on the E., to the top of Menial on the W., and 68 miles betwixt the Frith of Forth-, at Culrofs, on the S., and the boundary of the foreft of Athol on the N., at the fource of the Tilt. The fquare miles are 5000, which amount to 3,200,000 Scots, or 4,068,640 Englifh acres. Itjs bounded on the E. by the county of Forfar an the S. E. by the Frith of Tay, and the counties of Kinrofs and Fife ; on the S. by the Forth, and the counties of Clackmannan and Stirling ; on the S. W. by Dumbartonshire ; on the W. by the county of Argyll ; on the ~N. W. by the county of Invernefs and oh the N. by a part of the fame county, and that of Aberdeen. It comprehends the diftricts of Athol, Braidalbin, Monteath, Stratherne, Stornwnt, Balquhiddtr, Gowrie, Rannoch, and Perth Proper; all which divifions, previous to the jiirifdiction act of 1748, were ftewartries, and under the hereditary jurifdiction of the great proprietors. Little attention is now paid to thofe divifions, and the country is divided more naturally into Highland and Lowland, the Grampian mountains forming the line of divifion : fome of the Ochils and Sidlazvs, indeed, which lie S. of the Grampian ridge, are of great elevation, and might be ranked as Highland ; but, as the manners and language of the inhabitants are different from thofe which inhabit the valleys N. of the Grampians, they are more properly ranked in the low country divifion : 18 parimes belong to the Highlands, while 58 are included in the Lowlands. In fo great an extent of furface, the appearance of the country muft be greatly diverfified; and, perhaps, no diftrict in the world exhibits fcenes of more rugged and ftriking magnificence, contrafted with mote pleafant fcenes of fertile and well cultivated fields in the immediate vicinity. The foil of Perthfhire alfo confifts of all the varieties known in Scotland ; the carfe

Kincardine. Like all Highland countries, Perthfhire abounds with lakes

and

rivers,

valleys*
tains.

lying

which occupy extenfive between lofty moungreateft rivers are the collect many

The two

Tay and Forth, which

ftreams in their courfe to the German ocean. The Toy, after rifing on the borders of Argyllfhire, and forming Loch Tay, directs its courfe to the S. E., receiving the waters of the Lyon, the Garry, the Bran, the I/la, the Almond, and the Erne. The Forth, after rifing in Dunibartonfhire, receives, in its courfe through Perthfhire, the waters of the Teath, the Allan, and the Dovan. Befides thefe, the Enrich and the Blane, rifing in Monteath, direct their courfe W. towards Loch

Lomond. The principal lakes are, Loch Tay, Loch Rannoch, Loch Erne, Loch Dochart, Loch Catherine, part of Loch Ericht, <Scc. Some of the higheft mountains in Scotland rear their cloud-capt fummits in this county. Ben/atvers, the third mountain in Britain, rifes from the fide of Loch Tay to the height of 4015 feet above the fea level ; Benmore, at the head of Glendochart, is 3903 feet above that level; Shichallton, in Rannoch, is 3564; Bcnledi, in Monteath, is 3009 feet above the fame level ; befides thefe, Bengloe, Benchonzie, Benvoirlich, Turleum, &c. are of very confiderable elevation.

The

climate of Perthfhire

muft partake of the variety of the foil and furface. The valleys are in general warm and early; but are fubject to the weeping climate, which is the conftant curfe of mountainous countries. No part of the flat ground is fo cold as the countries N. of this county, nor fo warm as the fhires to the S. ; but, being an inland diftrict, it enjoys a more equable temperature than on the coaft. The mildnefs of the climate may be inferred from a variety of circumftances, of which the following are a few: in fome of the
valleys of the

Grampians barley has been reaped in good order nine week* in the year 1743, after it was fown Sir Patrick Murray of Ouchtertyte
:

PER
had

PER

his fown grafs in the rick upon Lundie, the feat of Lord Duncan the 1.5th day of May, old ftyle ; and, Cajlle-Gray and Kuifawis, feats of Lord upon the 29th of the fame month, Gray ; Drimmie, the feat of Lord there were fix Scots pints of ftraw- Kinnaird ; Culrofs Abbey, a feat of the herries on his table, raifed in the open Earl of Dundonald; Falleyjield, the Horticulture is making ra- feat of Sir Charles Prefton. Befides garden. There thefe, Cardrofs, Gartmore, Kier, Lenpid progrefs in Perthfhire. are many extenfive orchards, particu- rick, Cajlle-Menzies, Monzie, Glenealarly in the Carle of Gowrie, which gles, Aberuchil, RoJ/ie, Arthur/lone, St, has long been famous for fruit. In Martins, Blairgowrie, Murthly, and the vicinity of Perth, and in the dif- many others deferve notice, a lift of which would even too far extend our trict. of Monteath alfo, fruit is raifed In former times, limits. The valuable minerals of Perthin great quantities. the greater part of this extenfive coun- fhire are few. Coal is found in the ty muft have been covered with wood, fouthern parts of it, in the neighbourwhich the progrefs of agriculture has hood of Culrofs, which town claims? removed in many diftricts ; but in the invention of extracting pitch and every mofs in the fiat land, in the naphtha from that mineral. Limevalleys, or on the tops of the hills, ftone is difcovered, and wrought in roots and trunks of large trees are many parts of the Highland diftrict, found. The fir wood of Rannoch is particularly in Rannoch, Glenlyon, very extenfive ; and the proprietor, Braidalbin, and the head of StrathMr. Robertfon of Strowan, draws an- erne ; in Monteath it is of the nature nually a conliderable revenue from it. of marble, receiving a tine polifh : the The detached diftrict of Stormont alfo poffeffes feIt covers 3566 acres. woods of oak, birch, and alder, be- veral limeftone quarries. Slates are longing to the fame gentleman, cover found in many parts, and efpecially 3869 acres. Befides thefe, in Athol, in the parifli of Aberfoyle. The mounin Braidalbin, and in Monteath, there tains on the N. and W. are chiefly graare extenfive forefts. Within the laft nite. Freeftone of the beft quality is 40 years, plantations have greatly in- abundant, and wrought to a great creafed, particularly of the larix, and extent, at the Kingoodie quarry in different hard woods. Befides Perth, Longforgan, and at the quarry of the county town, Perthfhire contains Longannat in the parifh of Tullialanother royal borough, viz.CuLROss : lan. In Monteath there is a ridge of feveral towns which formerly enjoy- fieatites, or rock foap, 3 feet thick, ed the privileges of royal burghs, as which extends upwards of 4 miles in Auchterderran, Abernethy, and length ; and a very valuable clay, fiDumblane; feveral burghs of ba- milar to that wrought at Stourbridge rony, as Dunkdd, Crieff-, Long/organ, in Worcefteriliire, has been difcovered Cupar, Alyth, &c. befides about 60 in great beds near Culrofs. There is other conliderable villages, as Kincar- plenty of ironftone near Tulliallan, dine, Callander, Muthil, B/airgoiurie, which is not of fufficient value to Of the numerous feats caufe it to be wrought. Jnchture, &c. copper of the nobility and gentry which or- mine has been wrought in the parifh Logie, can only note of on the banks of the Forth. nament this county, we lead mine was carried on fome a few of the moft remarkable. Blairand Dunkeld-houfe, years near Tyndrum in Braidalbin, cajlle in Athol, feats of the Duke of Athol; Tay mouth, and another in Glenlyon. Some lead ore was lately difcovered in the mounthe feat of the Earl of Braidalbin Dupplin-cajlle, the feat of the Earl of tain of Benledi near Callander. It may Kinnoul ; Drummond-caJHe, the feat be noticed, that this county feems to of the family of Perth ; Ouchtertyre, divide that part of Scotland on the S. the feat of Sir Patrick Murray ; Du- which is generally adapted to the neira, a feat of the Right Hon. Henry raifing of grain, from that on the N. Dundas ; Blair-Drummond, the feat which, with a few exceptions, is more pf Mr. Home ; Lasers, the feat of fitted for pafture. It is alfo lingular, Colonel Robertfon; Methven-cajile,the that Perthfhire divides the country on feat of Lord Methven ; Cajlle-Himtly, the N. where firs abounded in former times, from that on the S* where aks* the feat of George Pateribn 3 Efq.

PER
and a variety of deciduous trees, but no firs ffourilhed. This county alio is the boundary between thofe parts of Britain where coal has been difcovered, and thefe where that mineral has not hitherto been found, or only
in fmall quantities
;

PER
the 5th of Auguft 1600, to aflaffinate James VI., who called for help out of a window, and was refcued by his attendant' rufhing into the room. Among all the doubtful facts which hiftory has att npted to develope, this is one of the moil myfterious, WhetlK r the Earl of Gowrie intended to aflaffinate the King, or that James intended to aflaffinate the Earl, 01* whether any affaflination was intended on any fide, as Mr. Gilpin obferves, is equally doubtful. This event, however magnified and attefted by co-

that uieful

fofril

which

is

fo neceffary for the

diflricts,

comfort
lefs re-

of the fouthern

being

quifite in the northern,

where extenfive

forefts of pine, the beft of all fuel,

formerly grew, and ftill grow fpontaneoufly. Here alfo is the divifion betwixt the granite and the freeftone there being little or no freeftone N. of Perthlhire, and granite being more rare towards the S. Perthlhire is divided into 76 parochial diftriifts, which contained, by the returns made to Sir

temporary writers,

is made up of fi> many improbabilities, that Lord Hailes

in republiihing the

account, printed

by authority in the year 1600, preparatory to his further obfervatipns upon

it,

John

Dr. Robertfon, who gives a very long and detailed account of the event, feems to make it appear that Gowrie fterling. PERTH ; the capital of the county wifhed to fecure the king's perfon for of the fame name, is a large, agree- political purpofes. But Mr. Adamfon, able, and populous town, iituated on in the " Mufes Threnodies" aflerts, that the S. W. bank of the river Tay, about it was James's with to get rid of two 28 Englifir miles from the place where popular characters, whole family had that river enters the German ocean. been long hoftile to his meafures. The The ftreets and houfes are for the Toivn-houfe and Tolbooth are fituated greater part difpoied in a regularity at the foot of the high-ftreet ; but, as of plan, which proves them to be not the rooms are fraali and inconvenient, of the moll remote antiquity. The application is immediately to be made level plain upon which the town is to parliament for a bill, for erecting built, being Angularly favourable for a new Town-houfe, with apartments regularity, might, indeed, from the for the fheriff and jufticiary courts, and for the county meetings ; and, firft, have given it this advantage over the other burghs. Three of the prin- upon the fame bill, a Bridewell is to cipal ftreets run in a direction nearly be erected. The Guild-hall is a large E. and W. from the river, which are building, about the middle of the highSeveral of the incorporated interfered by others extending from ftreet. N. to S. It would feem, that in former trades alfo have halls for their meettimes, particular ftreets were inhabit- ings, of which the Glovers is by far ed, each by a particular clafs of arti- the moft elegant. The church in fans. The Skinnergate was inhabited which John Knox harangued, when preaching the reformed religion in by the glovers and leather-dealers and fome of the other ftreets are named Perth, ftill ftands, and is divided into The houfes three, named the Eaft, Weft, and Midafter the fame manner. of the ftreet which runs next to, and dle Kirks, which have been lately parallel with the Toy, called the Wa- modernized. At the head of the hightergate, are moftly old buildings, at ftreet, terminating it towards the W. the S. end of which is the palace of a Chapel of Eafe has been built within the Cowrie family, built by the Count- thefe few years, which is perhaps inefs of Huntly about the year 1520, ferior to none in Scotland, in point of and now occupied as artillery bar- elegance of defign, and execution. racks. This houfe is noted for an at- There are alfo chapels for the feveral tempt faid to have been made by the difienting congregations in almoft eEarl of Cowrie and his brother, on very part of the town. A little to the

Sinclair, in 1790-8, 133,274 inhabitants; increafe 14,371 fince 1755. The valued rent of this county is 339,8iSl. 5s. 8d. Scots, and the real land rent is eftirnated at 230,9001.

feems juftified

in discrediting a ftory

which paffed for problematical with

lb

many

perfons,

at the very time.

PER
and W. of the New Chapel, is an old Hofpital, a confiderable building;, the foundation of which is afcribed to James VI. From the foot of the highftreet, a new ftreet goes off in a northerly direction, called George'street, leading towards the bridge, GharlotieGeorge's Jlreet, and the New Town. and Cbarlotte-Jireet, confift of houfes built in a ftyle of great neatnefs and elegance ; and in the New Town, which was begun only in 1798, a Circus, and a Terrace of elegant houfes are already built. The New Town is
S.

PER
toll is aboliflied.

bridge

nmd,
(vide

At the E. end of the the burgh of barony of Kincommonly called Bridge-end;'

is

little to the of the New Town, large and g nvenient cavalry barracks have been lately erected, where generally about half a regiment of horfe is ftationed. The fcenery around Perth is truly delightful ; but, molt of the eftates in the neighbourhood being entailed, there are few feats. The only houfes of note are the caftle of Balhoufie, an ancient feat of the Earls of Kinnoul built on feus from Mr. Anderfon, on Pit-tbevelefs, an ancient feat of the the ground where once ftood the Lords Oliphant and Fewe-houfe, the monajlery of Black Friars, in which feat of Mr. Marihall of Hillcairney. James I. was murdered by the Earl On the oppohte fide of the Taj, inof Athol and his accomplices. The deed, in the parifh of Kinnoul, there town was formerly provided with a are many elegant villas ; particularly wooden bridge over the river ; but Bellewood, the feat of Mr. Young; this being very unfuitable to the depth and Wood-end, the feat of Mr. Monand width of the river, and the throng crieff. Befides the Tay, Perth is waof paffengers that had occafion to tered by a part of the waters of the pafs it, a new and very fine one of Almond, brought by a canal to drive ftone was lately built, the molt beau- the mills, and to afford water to the tiful ftrutSture of the kind in North town. The town divides a fpacious Britain, which was defigned by Mr. plain into what are called the North Smeaton, and executed unser his di- and South Inches ; each of which is rection by Meff. Guyn, Morton, and about a mile and an half in circumJamiefon. The bridge confifts of 10 ference. Thefe fields are level, and arches, one of wliich is a land arch. are ufed partly for pafturing cattle, The clear water-way is 589 feet, 9 belonging to the inhabitants, and partinches ; the extent of the arches 730 ly for walking, the exercife of the golf, feet, 9 inches; the wing walls 176 and other recreations. Both the Inches feet ; fo that the whole length of the are furnifhed with feats, and the South bridge is 906 feet, 9 inches its breadth Inch is furrounded with an avenue of is 22 feet within the parapets. The large trees. The town is of great anpiers are founded 10 feet beneath the tiquity, and is fuppofed to have been bed of the river, upon oaken and in exiftence at the time when the Robeechen piles, and the ftones laid in mans extended their arms to the banks puzzalane, and cramped with iron. of the Tay; though it may be preThis noble work, which opens a com- fumed, from the rude ftate of the arts, munication with the different roads and the wandering manner of life led of the kingdom, was completed in by the inhabitants, that it could con1771, at the expence of 26,000k fter- fift of nothing more than an irregular ling. Of this fum, tfce commiffioners collection of huts, fcarce deferving the of forfeited eftatcs, by his Majefty's name of a town. It would appear permifiion, gave 13,800k; the magis- from the Itinerary of Richard of Citrates of Perth 2000k ; the Conven- rencefter, that there were three Rotion of royal boroughs 500k and a- man towns in this neighbourhood, bout 5000k was collected by fubferip- called " Alauna, Lindum, and Vic-> tion. But this great work would have toria, or Perth ; rthe laft of which was met with a check for want of money, built by Agricola, on the river Tay, had not the late Earl of Kinnoul, with 28 miles from the exit of that river his characteriftic public fpirit, ad- into the fea." Mr. Henry Adamfon, vanced the remaining fum, and taken in his " Mufes Threnodie," or " Metrithe fecurity of the tolls, with the ha- cal Hiftory of Perth," relates the fame zard only to himfelf. The whole ex- in thefe words " When Agricola and pence has now been defrayed; and the his army firft law the river Tay, and

Kinnoul).

N.

W.

3C

PER
the adjacent plain on which Perth is now fituated, they cried out with one confent, ecce Tiber ! ecce campus Marbehold the tius ! Behold the Tiber
! !

PER
1153, and adds to
it

new

privileges;

and, belides, there are many cnarters extant, concerning the town, from the year 1106 to the year 1210, which comparing what they confute the account given by Boefield <of Mars faw to their own river, and to the ex- thius, fome of them exprefsly detenfive plain in the neighbourhood of ferring the prefent fituation. At Rome. The Italians, many ages after, that period it was ftrongly fortified, were in ufe to give to the Tay the and was reckoned the capital city of name of New Tiber; and Fordun gave the Scottifh kingdom, and now holds the name Tibermore (now Tibbermuir) next in priority to Edinburgh and to an extenfive muir which lies W. Glafgow. In feveral of the public from the town of Perth. As the field writs, particularly about the time of at Rome was, by the early Romans, James VI. it is called the city of Perth, confecrated to Mars; fo their depend- and ftill bears that title. Prior to the ents found, in the field adjoining the reign of the Stewart family, it was Tay, an old temple, which, fay the the ufual refidence of the Scottifh moBritifh and Welch hiftorians, was built narch ; and the Parliament-boufe, and many ages before by one of the Britifh many of the houfes of the nobility, kings, and dedicated to Mars. The ftill remain, modernized and convertRomans performed worlhip here to ed as well as they poffibly could, into that heathen deity, in hopes of their dwelling-houfes. There were formexpedition's being favoured in the new erly a great many religious houfes and country into which they were come- eftablifhments, which were moftly deAgricola pitched his camp in the mid- ftroyed at the Reformation. Among dle of that field, on the fpot where thele may be enumerated the followPerth ftands. He propofed to make ing : 1 ft, the Dominican or Black Friit a winter camp ; and afterwards ar's manajlery, founded in 1231 by Abuilt what he intended to be a colo- lexander II.; 2nd, the monajlery oi the nial town. He fortified it with walls, Carmelites or White Friars, rounded and with a ftrong caftle ; and fupplied in the reign of Alexander III.; 3d, the the ditche6 with water by an aqueduct Cbarter-houfe or monajlery of the Carfrom the Almond. Alfo, with much thitfians, founded by James Lin 1429; labour to his foldiers, and probably 4th, the Francifcan or Gray Friars moto the poor natives, a large wooden najlery, founded by Lord Oliphant in bridge was conftructed over the river 1460 ; befides a number of chapels at Perth." The Pi<fts, after their con- and nunneries, which ihared the fate verfion to Chriftianity, confecrated of the monafteries during the Reformthe church they had built in Perth, ation, The quays are very convenient to St. John the Baptift, whom they for unloading the veffels which come chofe as the tutelar Saint of the town, up to Perth ; but the largeft veffels, which, from this circumftance, receiv- belonging to the town, are obliged to ed the name of St. John''s-town. Bo- unload at Newburgh, the Tay being ethius, and his follower Buchannan, rather fhallow for large veffels above relate, that Perth was formerly fitu- that port. In early times, Perth was ated higher up the Tay, and was fwept a place of great trade. Alexander away by a flood in the year iaio ; Neckham, an Englifh author, who and that it was afterwards rebuilt on died in 1227, takes notice of Perth in the fpot where it now ftands, and re- the following diftich, quoted in Camceived its charter of erection into a den's Britannia royal borough from William the Lion " Tranfis ample Ta'h per rura, per op-: in that year: but there is every reafon pi da, per Perth to reject their accounts as fabulous. Regnum fujlcntant, illiv.s urbis opes." Jt is true, that in 1210, King William renewed the charter of Perth at Stir- Thus Engliihed in Biihop Giblbn's tranflation of Camden's book ling, on the ioth of October ; and therein it is exprefsly faid, that he " Great Tay thro' Perth, thro' towns, confirms the privileges which the thro' country flies, burgh enjoyed in the time of his Perth, the whole kingdom with hex wealth fupplics. grandfather King David, who died in

PER
An
extenfive

PET
car-

commerce was long

ried on between Perth and the Netherlands ; and many German merchants

or Flemings, as they were called, after trading with Perth for a confiderabie time, feem to have fettled there. Perth was confiderably benefited alfo by the civil wars ; for a great number of drawing, and French and Italian lanLiterary an Cromwell's officers and foldiers fettled guages, are taught. in it, and taught the citizens of Perth Antiquarian Society has alfo been eftato improve their modes of life by the blifhed for fome time, and has made a Englifh arts, and excited amongft confiderabie collection of books, mathem a fpirit of induftry. The falmon nufcripts, &c. connected with the inThe manners of Perth are Jifhery on the Toy, near Perth, is very ftitution. extenfive, and the annual rent may be gay, and the inhabitants have their eftimated at about 7000I. of which the players, their regular afiemblies, and community of Perth draws about other places of amufement. The Perth ioool. The falmon are fent to Lon- Hunt have their meetings here, and don, packed in ice or pickled; a fmack fill the town with buftle during the In its failing every third or fourth day dur- continuance of the meeting. ing the feafon. The ftaple manufac- municipal capacity Perth is a royal ture of Perth is linen ; but, of late, a borough, and joins with Dundee, Forconfiderabie quantity of cotton goods far, Cupar -Fife, and St. Andrews, in has been manufactured ; which lan- fending a member to the Imperial branch is daily increafmg. There are parliament. It is governed by a proupwards of 1500 looms employed in voft, who exercifes the office of fhethe town, which manufacture linen riff and coroner within the town ; and cotton goods annually to the a- three bailies, a dean of guild, treafurmount of ioo,oool. fterling. Befides er, and town council, the greater part this, there is at leaft i2o,oool.more in of which is elected from the trades. value of linen manufactured in the The funds of the town are very conneighbourhood, which are purchafed fiderabie, and have been laid out with in the Perth market by the dealers. great judgment in making the differThis eftimate is taken from the report ent improvements. There are feveral of a committee appointed to inquire villages in the neighbourhood of Perth, into the commerce of the town, dated at which there are confiderabie bleach10th June 1794; but, fince that time, fields, printfields, and fpinning-maboth the linen and cotton manufac- chinery. Of thefe, however, only tures have greatly increafed. Befides Tulloch, Craigie-mill, and Midi-town of thefe, there are extenfive manufactures Balhoujie, are in the pariih of Perth. of leather, boots, fhoes, and gloves Perth formerly gave title of Earl to the value of which are eftimated at the family of Drummond, 'which is upwards of 2o,oool. The printing now forfeited. James Drummond, bufinefs has alfo been carried on to a the 4th Earl, was created Duke of very confiderabie extent by the Mo- Perth by James II. of England, for risons, who have printed fome ele- adhering to whofe interefts he was gant editions of the Scottifh poets, outlawed. His two fons were attaintand other excellent works. In a town ed in 1745. The Britifh title of of fo great opulence, it may naturally Lord Perth has, however, been lately be concluded, that it would be well revived in a loyal branch of the Drumprovided with Banks. refpectable mond family. Jn 1791, the populabanking company, under the title of tion of the pariih of Perth was 19,871 the Perth Bank, has been eftablifhed increafe 10,852 fince 1755. for many years and there is alfo a a' parifh in Abranch of the Bank of Scotland. But, berdeenfhire, of an irregular figure ; while fo much attention has been paid about 8 miles long, and in many places to commerce and trade, the import- 5 or 6 broad. The furface is rugged ant bufinefs of education has not been and uneven, with hills and valleys, neglected. The Grammar School of rocky eminences, and marfhy flats ihPerth has long been accounted one of terfperfed. The arable land, which
^

the beft in Scotland, and has produced many eminent ftatcfmen and fcholars of thefe we may only mention the admirable Crichton, and the late Earl of Mansfield. There is alfo an Academy, upon an excellent plan, where every branch of natural philofophy,

PETERCULTER

'

PET
of fmall extent, lies on the banks of the Dee, and the rivers which join The ground, fartheir waters to it. ther removed from the river, is muiry, covered with ihort heath, broom, and furze; abounding with partridges and
is

PET
tween the two harbours 5 but this now prevented by a pier, which
is
is

railed fo high as never to be over-

flowed by the fea. The N. harbour has a pier of large rough ftones, and is chiefly ufed for laying up veffels for The arable foil varies the winter, and for receiving the large other game. from a light loam to clay, with a mix- hihing boats from the Moray Frith. ture of peat mofs, in general pretty It has 11 feet water at ftream tides. fertile. There is a conliderable extent The S. harbour is more commodious, of wood, both natural and planted. having a depth of 13 or 14 feet water The pafture grounds feed about 2400 at ftream tides, and a moft capacious llieep, and 1000 head of black cattle. bafon, capable of containing 60 fail of The principal branch of manufacture veffels, well flickered by two piers on of paper, which is that is carried on the S. and S.W., and by the Keith conducted with great iuccefs. There Inch on the N. The piers have lately viz. Count- been greatly improved, are feveral manfion-houfes, at the expence tfs-wells, the feat of Mr. Burnet; Bin- of 5000I. It has been propofed to cut gle, the property of Mr. Gordon the narrow neck of land which conMains of Murtle, belonging to Mr. nects the Inch to the town, by which Gordon ; and Culier, the feat of Mr. the harbour would be made ftill more Duff. On the fummit of the hill of commodious; and veffels might be Old-town are the remains of a rectan- enabled to go out of the harbour, gular encampment. In 1794, the po- either towards the S. or the N., acpulation was 1002; increafe 247 lince cording to the direction of the wind.
1755-

PETERHEAD
is

port town and

a confiderable fea ; parifh in Aberdeen-

ihire, in the diftrict

town

fituated

of Buchan. The on a peninfula, about

one mile S. of the mouth of the river Ugie, and is the moft eafterly point
5 7 30' 1 39'

of land in Scotland, the latitude being 33" N., and the longitude W. from London. The penin-

fula on which the town is built, is connected with the country on the N. W. by an ifthmus only Boo yards

broad. The town is built nearly in the form of a crofs, and is divided into 4 diftridts, which are connected with each other by continued ftreets; thefe diftricts are called the Kirkioqjuu Ronheads, Keith Inch, and the town properly called Peterhead. The houfes are not magnificent, but moft of them are commodious and elegant, being

the Keith Inch there are manyelegant houfes ; and on the S. fide, an old cattle, built in the beginning of the 1 6th century, by George Earl Marifchal. Near it is a fmall fort, and a guard-houfe, with a battery of four 12, and four 18-pounders, erected during the American war, after the at-* tempts of Fall upon feveral fea ports on the eaitern coaft. Peterhead has been long a place of confiderable trade ; and, at an early period, had veffels belonging- to it navigating to the Baltic, Levant, and America. In 1727, it had only 6 veffels belonging to it, and, in 1795, the number was 28 ; amounting in all to upwards of 3000 tons. It is only of late that any attention has been beftowed to the

Upon

fifheries and manufactures : much remains yet to be done ; but, from the exertions which have been made, and built of the fineft granite, which is ftill continue with increafing ardour, drefled fo as to have a molt agreeable it is to be hoped that it foon will be appearance, and is not liable to be af- one of the moft thriving towns in the fected by the weather. Near the head E. coaft of Scotland. The manufacpf the principal ftreet is an elegant tures of thread, woollen cloth, and of Tonvn-houfe 60 feet long, and 40 feet cotton, have been eftablifhed for fome wide, with a fpire no feet high, with time, and are carried on to a confidera fine clock ; the whole building coft able extent. By a calculation in 1793, upwards of 2000I. fterling. The Keith it was eftimated that the trade of this Inch divides the harbour into a N. and town is upwards of ioc,oool. per anThis point of land was num. In its municipal capacity, PeS. haven. formerly, at ftream tides, ftparated terhead is a burgh of barony, holding from the town, the tide flowing be- of the governors of the Merchant

PET
Maiden
periors.
Ilofpital of

PET
is

Edinburgh

Perhaps its principal a bailie and 8 counfellors. The bailie efttd: is tonic, produced by the iron increafed by it contains, afiifted and is named by the fuperiors, and has his commifhon from them. The counfel- the ufe of the fea-bathing, and the
of fcrophula.
lors are chofen annually by the feuers, it a general meeting called for that purpofe : 4 of thefe are chofen from

The government

as fuveiled in

lias

recommended

it

greatly in cafea

places.

amufements common at wateringGreat exertions have been made to accommodate the company
refort thither for their health
;

among

the merchants ; 2 from the fhip-mafters ; and z from the trades. The revenue of the town is about

who

and perfons of every rank may find

convenient lodgings during the feafon there are afiemblies every fortnight. The population in 1793, was eftimated at about 3000. The parilh of Peterhead extends around the town to the S. of the Ugie, comprehending about 7000 acres, of which jooo are arable, and 2000 muir or mofs. The fea coaft extends about 4 miles, and comprehends the two bays of Peterhead and hive met tie and the three promontories of Satie'shead, Boddotn-bead, and Keitb Inch-; the latter of which is unqueftionably the eauernmoft point of land in Scotland, and ought to be termed Buchannefs, though that name is more generally .given to Bcddom-head. The parifh in general is flat, varied with final eminences, and interfperied with
:
1

The town, 250!. fterling per annum. with the lands, formerly belonged to the abbey of Deer and, when that abbacy was erecled into a temporal lordihip in the family of Keith, the
;

town fell to the Earl Marifchal, who, in 1593, erected it into a burgh of barony, under the name of Keltb Inch, and began to give feus of ground for building. After the forfeiture of that earldom, in 1715, the town and lands adjacent were purchafed by a fifhing company in England; which failing in 1726, the property was purchafed by the governors of the Merchant Maiden Hofpital of Edinburgh, at the price of 3000I. fterling. At that period the rent was about 245 1. fterling, but in 1794, it had increafed to I04cl. beiides final 1 plantations, which give it a pleathe money ariling from feus. The fant appearance : the Ugie alfo varies name of Peterhead feems to have been the landfcape on the N. with its windgenerally given about the year 1640. ings and fertile haughs. The arable Upon the whole, Peterhead is a gay foil is of great variety, from a iandy place, and is much frequented in loam to a rich black earth or ftrong fummer for its opportunities of fea- clay, producing excellent crops. Be-^ bathing, and the mineral well which fides the fifners who refide in the town has long been juftly famed. This well of Peterhead, there is a confiderabk* is fituated to the S. of the town, and fifhing village at Boddom, at which is called the Wine JVell, from the water place the fifheiy is profecuted with fparkling in the glafs, like Champagne. great diligence. There are two old An analyfis of its water had been pu'b- caftles, viz. Old Craig or Raven's Craig, lifhed by Dr. Laing, who found that formerly, and for a long feries of years, 12 lb. weight avoirdupoife of water the feat of a branch of the Marifchal contained the following mineralizers family, and Boddom-caftle, fituated on Muriate of iron, . a peninfulated rock, perpendicular to Carbonate of iron, the fea, which waihes its bafe. There Muriate of lime, . are inexhauftibk quarries of excellent 7 Siliceous earth, .... grains. granite, which admits of a fine polifh. % Sulphate of lime, . . z Some fpecimens of beautiful cryftals Do. of foda, . . 13J have been found lodged in the rock-3 Muriate of do of granite. Foffil fhel's are found in y\) Carbonic acid gaz, 83^ cubic inches. confiderable quantities 20 or 30 feet This water has been long defervedly above the level of the fea ; fome of efteemed for general debility, diforders them of a much larger fize than are of the ftomach and bowels, nervous to be feen at prefent. great variety affections, and female complaints. It of pebbles are found on the fea fhore; has alio been ufed with advantage in many of them very beautiful in their ieucophlegmatic habits; and Dr.Laing colours and polifh. \ large piece of
fuperiority of the
j>
I

PET
but the piece of that fubftance, mentioned by Camden, as being thrown afhore at
lately caft afliore
;

PIT
ly

amber was

2500 fheep. There is an ancieiit caftle on the eft-ate of the Earl of Mo-

this place, is of lb great a fize, as almoft to ftagger belief. Sir

Walter

Farquhau,

well

known

for his

me-

dical practice in the higher circles of the kingdom, was a native of this pariih.

ray, called Cq/lle-Stuart, which was once defigned for the family-feat ; but for many years it has fallen into difrepair. In different parts of the parifh are veftiges of druidical circles,

In 179.3, the population was about4ioo; increafe 1613 lince 1755.

and there are two fmall artificial mounds, -faid to have beeri the places
for

adminiftering juftice;

PETTINAIN

they are

a parifh in Lanark-

called in Gaelic

fliire, of a rectangular figure, 3 miles long by a -broad, lying on the banks of the Clyde. About 1700 acres are arable, and the remainder is hilly, and

Tom' mb'oit, that is, " the court hill." In 1790, the popution was 15 18; decieafe 125 fince
1755fhire,

only for pafture. The higheft eminences are called the Pettinain and Wefravj hills; the latter of which is elevated 500 feet above the level of the Clyde, or 1000 above the level of the lea. The haughs, on the banks of the Clyde, are very extenlive ; and, being enriched by the mud and flime depoiited from that river by its frequent innundations, are exceedingly rich and fertile. The village of Pettinain, which contains about 100 inhabitants, lies on the Clyde, about 5^ miles E. of Lanark, and 7 from Biggar. On the confines of the paiiih on the S., the veftiges of a ilrong military ftation are diftinctly vifible ; it contains about 6 acres, and fome brazen
lit

a harbour in Fifeon the Frith of Forth, about a mile W. from Kinghorn. It is the
;

PETTYCUR

ufual

landing-place of the paffageboats from Leith, and has an excellent inn for the accommodation of paffen-

harbour and bafon was by a Captain Rudyard of the Royal Engineers. PHTLLAN'S (St.), or Forgan ; a parifh in Fifefhire. Vide Forgan. Piershill Barracks. Vide Jock's Lodge.
gers.
fafe

lately conftructed here,

PITCAIRN-GREEN
ftate

new

vil-

lage in the parifh of Redgorton in Perthfhire ; lately built upon the e-

vefiels

were

lately

dug up

in its area.

only manfion of note or antiquityis the houfe of IVeftraw or Wejlerhall, formerly a feat of the family of Johnftone of Wefterhall, but now belonging to the Earl of Hyndford. In 1791, the population was 386; increafe 56
fin'ce

The

of Balgowan. but the manufactures and population are rapidly increafing. Mrs. Cowley, in her elegant poem on this rifing village, preIt is yet in its infancy
;

of Colonel

Graham

dicts it will

chefter in

its

one one day rival Manextent and trade.

PITCAITHLY, or PITKEATHLY; a village in the parifh of Dumbarny, in Perthfhire, noted for its mineral waters. It is fituated in a fequeftered corner of the vale of Strath-

1755.
;

PETTY
fhire, lying
;

a parifh

in

Invernefs-

eme, furrounded with rich and fertile fields, and may truly be termed a rural watering-place. The accommodations for the invalids are good, and the mi 7 neral waters have been long famed ia greeable, the fcene being diverlified, fcrofulous, herpetic, and thofe which with cultivated fields, fmall rivulets, are commonly termed fcorbutic comand clumps of trees. The arable foil, plaints. There are 5 fprings, all of which is nearly two-thirds of the pa- the fame quality, but of different derim, is in general light and fandy, but grees of ftrength. The following is
improvable ; the old mode of agriculture is generally followed, impoveriihing the land by inceffant cropping. The pafture lands contain oneafily

on the S. fide of the Moabout 8 miles long, and 4 ray Frith broad. The greater part is flat and level, but rifes by a gentle flope towards the S. The appearance is a-

an accurate analylis of the waters, as made by Mr. Stodart, a chemift in Perth

PIT
A
Table
{hewing the contents
fcers

PIT
in a

wine gallon of each of the mineral wi

of the eftates of

Pitcaithly and Dumbarny.

Names
Eaft
1
1

of the

Waters.

Well
4
8 5

Weft Well
4
8

Spout (Dumbarny South park Well Well Well

4
6
5
3a

Atmofpheric air, Carbonic acid gaz, Carbonate of lime,

.

.
.

4
5
5 1

4
5 5
3

cubic

j inch.

.
.

si
5

Sulphate of lime, . da Muriate of \ J?

(_

.
.

Specific

lime, gravity of a gallon of each,

si loo 1S0

92 168

82 146

57 102
124

44 84
98

>

grains

more than
led water,

216

diftil. . .

198

172

-'

a village in Perth- is an ancient building, furrounded of Moulin, fituated with extenfive gardens. There is n on the great military road from Perth particular branch of manufacture; but to Invernefs ; about 6 miles from the the making of kelp and the fifhery emfamous pafs of Killicrankie. In 1793, ploys a number of hands. In 1793* it contained about 30 families, or 160 the population was 1300 ; increafe inhabitants. 76 fince 1755. PITSLIGO ; a parifh in AberdeenPITTALY; a fifhing village on the fhire, about 3^ miles long, and 3 coaft of the Moray Frith, in the pabroad, lying along the coaft of the rim of Pitfiigo, the property of Sir Moray Frith, beginning about z miles William Forbes of Pitfiigo, containof KinnairiT s-head. The face of ing about 120 inhabitants. the country is level, none of the ea royal bormnences deferving the name of hill rough and fea port in Fifefhire, feated neither is it watered by any confider- on the coaft of the Frith of Forth, beable ftream. The foil is partly clay, tween the towns of St. Monance and and partly a light loam, both ex- Anftruther-Wefter. It was conftitremely fertile. The farmers ufe the tuted a royal borough in 1547, by a fea weed as a manure, and they have charter from King James V. who, as alfo the advantage of an inexhauftible weir as his fuccelTor, paid the town bank of fhell fand, which extends a- particular marks of diftinction. After long the whole coaft. There are two its erection into a royal burgh, it filhir.g villages, viz. Pittaly, the pro- feems to have been a place of confiperty of Sir William Forbes; and Rofe- derable note, and had a great number bearty, the property of Mr. Garden of of veffels belonging to it ; but, beOardenfton. The general appearance tween the years 1639 and 1645, t na is naked of wood, it being the genetown fuffered greatly, and it appear* rally received opinion, that trees will that not fewer than 13 fail of large not thrive near the fpray of the fea veffels were either taken by the enebut it is certain, that the greater part my or wrecked it was alio a great of the country has been covered fiihing ftation ; but, lince the failure with wood, as appears from the roots of that branch of employment, it deof very large oaks which are dug from creafed conliderably of late, howthe moffes, on the verge of the fea ever, by the working of the coal pits and Sir William Forbes has lately and the fait works, its trade and poplanted a considerable number of va- pulation have begun to revive. The rious kinds of foreft trees, which are parifh is about a mile and a quarter thriving well. Plijligo-cajlle, formerly the furlong, and half a mile broad the feat of the Lords Pitfiigo, a title face is flat, and the foil a fertile black )5\ $he Forbes family attainted in 1745, ioam. The whole lies en a continued
;

PITLOCHRY

fhire, in the parifli

W.

PITTENWEEM;

3D

POL
field

FO
POLWARTH;

of excellent ccal, which has been pulation was 1400 ; increafe 304 fince" wrought for many years: there is a 1755conliderable marl loch, which is much a pariih in Berufed for manure. Near the burgh wicklhire, of a triangular form, each iide of which is about 3 miles in there is a remarkabk cove or which communicates by fubterrane- length. The foil is moftiy clay, lying ous panares with the ruins of an old on a cold impervious tilly bed ; but priory : the fubterraneous paffage is there is a conliderable extent of graabout 150 feet in length. Pittenweem velly and fandy foil : the greater part is the birth-place of Dr. John Doug- is enclofed : the principal crops are In 1790, the oats and barley, a few peafe, and las Bifhop of Salifbury.

wj

pariih contained 1157 ; increafe 218 fince 1755a fmall iflahd on the ; E. fide of the illand of Arran, about a

fometimes a
feveral
tions.

little

extenfive

wheat. There are woods and plantaof

PLADDA

The

village

Polwarth,

upon which a lightmile diitant houfe has been lately erected with piece of ground.
;

which contains about 200 inhabitants, is fituated on a very wet and fwampy

two

In the middle of it to diltinguiih it in the are two old tbern trees, at about 6 yards, night from thofe on the Mulls of diftant from each other, around which Kintyre and Galloway, and the ifle it was formerly the cuftom for every
lights,

of Cambray.

POLGAVIE,

or

POWGAVIE

a
in

village in the pariih of Inchture,

the Carfe of Gowrie, feated on the Toy, having a good harbour and pier It is the property of lately erected. Lord Kinnaird, who, in 1797, built here a large granary, which will contain 6000 boils of victual, ; a populous village in Penfi ewfhire, about 34 miles from Glafgow, on the read leading the fea. The foil is in general fertile, from that city to Paifley. It is fitu- but unflieltered either by plantations ated in a fine valley, interfperfed with or enclofures ; and the fiovenly mode plantations, and watered by the river of hufbandry, defcribed under the arCart and Auld-houfe burn. On one ticle Orkney, is generally followed. fide lie feveral extenfive bleaehfiekls It has one royal borough, viz. Kirkand printfields ; on the other, fertile wall, the head town of the ftewartfields, and well cultivated enclofures, ry, and the large village of Stromnefs affording a delightful profpeel of a at both of which places are fafe harbours. There are alio fafe places of manufacturing and rural village. ; a pariih in Stirling- anchorage at many places, particularfhire, disjoined from Falkirk in 1724. ly at Deer Sound, Holme Sound, and It is about 5 miles long, and 2 broad; Cairjlon. It is divided into 9 parifhes, bounded on the N. by the Forth, by containing in 1791-8, 13,188 inhabitthe Aven on the E., and interjected ants, being a decreafe of 274 fince conliderable I 75S' There are many antiquities; by the great canal. extent of the pariih is rich carfe fome of which are fuppofed to have ground, riling towards the S. into been places for the worfhip of the the dry field ; all of which, except a Scandinavian deities, from their names fmall muir and a piece of commonty, and the figured ftones which are found

POLLOCKSHAWS

new married pair, with their company, to dance in a ring from hence the old fong of " Polwarth on the Green.'' But this cultom has fallen greatly into difufe. In 1793, the population was 288; increafe 37 fince 1755. or the ; largeft of the Orkney illands, being 30 miles long, and from 8 to 10 broad but interfered by numerous arms of
:

POMONA,

MAINLAND

POLMONT

is under culture. There are feveral coal works, which employ 250 perfons ; and ironftone is found in great

there.
cles,

There are

feveral druidical cir-

one of great fize in the pariih of Sandwick ; and two others in the pa-

abundance. The freeitone is of ex- riih of Stennefs. The minerals are cellent quality, and is wrought to a few, and thefe of fmall value. Freeconliderable extent. The village of itone and flates are abundant ; but Polmont contains about 250 inhabit- neither are of a fine quality. In the ants, and gives title of Baron to the parifh of Orphir are fome excellent

Duke

of Hamilton.

In 1790, the po-

iron ore, and feme indications_of

eoak

POR
a frnall river in narkshire, which falls into the Dot'glos, a few miles above its jun&ion

POR
La- Tiam Malvoifine Bifhop of
St.

f onicle;
Clyde.

An-

drews; and

with the

PORT, or PORT of MONTEITH

is

a pariih in Perthshire, fituated in the diftricT: from which it takes its name.
In the northern parts the furface
;

rocky and mountainous, and covered but the Southern parts v/ith heath are more level, and, towards the banks of the Forth, exceedingly fertile. There
are feveral exteniive lakes, of

which

a copious fpring of excellent water which there iffues from the hill. Near this place alfo are to be feen the remains of the bank or mound, raifed by the Engliih army in the year 1335, during the Siege of Loch LeveR-caftle, when they expected, by damming up the water, to force the beheged to evacuate the fortrefs. The event, which was fatal to the Englifh army, is particularly mentioned under the article Leven
fo

named from

the loch of Monteith, and loch Venna- (Loch). Andrew Wintan, Prior choir, are noted for their romantic of Loch Leven, in the reign of James He fcenery. Cardrofs, the feat of Mr. I. was a native of this parifh. ErSkine, and Gartmore, the feat of wrote " The Loch Leven Chronicle,'" Hi/lory of the World, from its Mr. Graham, are beautiful refidences, or " furrounded with large and thriving Creation to the Captivity of fames I." In 1791, the population in Scottifh verfe, a copy of which is plantations. was about 1760; deereafe 105 fince preferved in the Advocates' Library at Edinburgh, and is frequently con-

; a fifhing village in BanffShire, in the parifh of Rathven,

PORTEASY

about 2 miles E. from Buckie, having 44 houfes, and 178 inhabitants. PORT-GLASGOW. Vide New

futed by later writers. John Douglas, the firft Proteftant Archbifhop of St. Andrews, was alfo a native of Port-

moak. Michael Bruce the poet, was born at Kinneflwood, in this paPort-Glasgow. rifh, on 27th March 1746. His youth PORTMOAK; a parifh in Kinrofs- was distinguished by his fuperior gefhire, of an irregular figure, 7 miles nius, which his parents, though in inlong, and in fome places 5 broad, con- digent circumftances, endeavoured to taining about 6404 Scots acres, of improve by every means in their power. which 4054 are arable, 300 mofs, He received an university education 300 meadow, 1400 hill paffcure and at Edinburgh, being intended for the plantation, and 350 muir. The fur- church ; but, notfucceeding, for want
face prefents an agreeable variety of of patronage, he taught a frnall School, iandfeape to the eye, of fertile fields, firft at Furejl-hill, in the parifh of craggy mountains, rich meadows, and Dunfermline, and afterwards at Gairthriving plantations, lying around the nev-bridgc, near Loch Leven. Here the beautiful exparife of water, Loch Le- delightful fcenery inspired his mufe, ven. The arable foil, which moftly and produced feveral beautiful poetic Being of a delicate constilies at the eaftern extremity of the effufions. lake, and on the banks of the river tution, he was attacked with con-

Leven, which iffg.es from it, is light;, sumptive complaints, which carried early, and exceedingly fertile. The him off in the 2tft year of his age. pafture lands ufually maintain 1300 His principal poems are, " Loch Leven," head of black cattle, and about 1400 " Dapbnis," and "The Mouftad;" with

There are two villages, viz. Elegies, Paflorals, and Odes, which were Portmoak and KinneffivooA ; the form- collected after his death, and published er containing 300, and the latter 170 by one of his friends. In the 37th inhabitants. On the banks of the number of "The Mirror,'-' is an effay lake, near the mouth of the river, on his poems, with the life of the auStands the ruinous monastery of Port- thor, written by Lord Craig. In 1791, moak ; and, on St. Serf's ifle, in Loch the population of Portmoak was 11 05 Leven, belonging to this parifh, are increafe 109 fince 175?.
Sheep.

the ruins of a priory, dedicated to St, a fiShing village ; Servanus. At the foot of one of the in BanffShire, in the pariSh of Rathven, Lomond hills are the ruins of the hof- about 4 miles E. from Porteafy, conpital Fontis Scotia, or Scotland's Well, fitting of 80 houfes, and containing founded in the nth century by Wil- 243 inhabitants.

PORTNOCKIE

3D

POR
PORTO-BELLO& BRICKFIELD
two
j
J

FOR
importation of black cattle and horfes from Ireland and, by the average of the laft 5 years ending 1790, it is computed that about ii,oqo head of black cattle, and 2000 horfes, are annually imported at this harbour. The great improvements of the town and harbour are chiefly to be attributed to the exertions of the late Sir James Hunter-Blair. The caftle of Dim/key, the property of Sir David HunterBlair, ftands on the brink of a tremendous precipice, on the coaft of the Irifh fea, and has been fecured on the land fide by a ditch and drawbridge, the remains of which are ftill vifible. Before the invention of artillery, it muft have been impregnable. In 1790, the parifh contained 996 in;

thriving villages, about 3 miles S. E. of Edinburgh, on the coaft of the Frith of Forth. The inhabitants carry on a coniiderable trade in making fait, ftone-ware, and tiles ; and a number of neat and commodious dwellings have been erected for bathing quarters, for which the agreeable foftnefs of the adjacent fandy beach, the purity of the air, and the convenience of the road from Edinburgh to Muffelburgh, are obvious recommendations. a town and parifh in Wigtonfhire, fituated on the coaft of the Irifli fea ; being the neareft point of Great Britain to Ireland, and the beft place for croffing from one kingdom to the other, the diftance being only %\ miles. The parifh is habitants ; increafe 445 fince 1755. a parifh in Invernefsabout 4 \ miles fquare, and the greater part is muiry, and abounding with fhire, in the ifland of Sky, including extenfive modes. The furface is un- the iflands of Raafay and Ronay. It even and hilly, the higher! eminence, extends about 9 miles in length, and the Cairnpat, being elevated 800 feet 3 in breadth, containing an area of aabove the fea level. The town of bout 41,900 fquare acres. The furPort-Patrick is delightfully fitu- face is agreeably diverfified with hills, ated, with a fine fouthern expofure, valleys, and plains: the coaft, on the and furrounded on the other fides by found which feparates Sky from the a ridge of fmall hills, in the form of mainland, is very rugged, and nearly an amphitheatre. It is an excellent perpendicular, riling, particularly tobathing quarter, and is much fre- wards the N., to a ftupendous height. quented during the fummer months. The principal hill is called Ait fuidlx Formerly the harbour was fmall and Finn, " Fingai's fitting-place," which incommodious, being a mere inlet be- rifes in a conical fhape to a great eletween the two ridges of rock that vation. There are feveral frefh water projected into the fea ; and the vefiels lakes, particularly Loch Fad and Loch were fo much expofed, that to fhelter Leathern give rife to two fmall rivuthem from the waves, it was neceffary lets which abound with falmon, the to draw them by great exertions up water of Loch Leathan forming a beauthe beach. There is iioav one of the tiful cafcade when it iflues from the iineft quays in Britain, with a reflect- lake. In the rocks are many caves ing light-honfe and 4 elegant packet of great extent, fome of which are boats regularly fail betwixt this port covered with ftala&ycal incruftations. and Donaghadee, on the Irifli fide, The greater part of this parifh is with the mail and paffengers ; and more adapted for pafture than tilmail coaches are now eftablifhed from lage but a confiderable extent is caEdinburgh and London to Port-Pa- pable of being rendered fertile, were trick, and from Dublin to Donagha- it not for the llovenly mode of agridee. Since the erection of the harbour, culture which univerfdiy prevails in and the eflablifhment of the regular the Highlands. The plough is but paffage-boats, the town and its com- little ufed ; the cafcroim or crooked merce have greatly increafed. No fpade being the only inftrument ufed more than 40 years ago, the number by the ordinary clafs of tenants. The of inhabitants was only about 100 town of Portree is fmall, but thriving, and, in 1790, there were 512; and, and admirably adapted for trade, and It has two inftead of a few fmall floops and fifli- profecuting the fifheries. ing boats, a number of confiderable fairs for cattle, in May and July, trading veffels belong to the tovfn. which are the beft attended of any in The principal trade carried on is the the Highlands. Its harbour is capa*

PORT-PATRICK;

PORTREE

POR
c'ous, with excellent anchorage, and Iheltered at its mouth by the lfland of Near the village are very Raafayi Mattering appearance of coals, and

PE.E
to receive the title of Mofes' tables. This fpecies of (tone was originallr found in Arabia; and, except at Portfoy, it has been found in no other place of the world. Dr. James Mutton, in the fir ft volume of the Edinburgh Pbilofophical Tranfaciiovs-, has given a very interefting and particular defcription of this finciiilar ftone. PORT- WILLIAM; a fmall but thriving village in Wigtonfhire, in the parifh of Mochrum, founded about 30 years ago by Sir William Maxwell It is regularly built, of Monreath. and has a fmall barrack for the accommodation of a party of military, and the cuftomhoufe officers, who occafionally refide in it for the prevention of contraband trade. In 1793, PortWilliam contained about 220 inhabitant?.

limeftone abounds in many parts of the hills. The ifland of Raafay is fa-

mous

for its millftone quarries.

In

1794, the population was 1980 ; increase 595 fince 1755, notwithstanding numerous emigrations. a fuburb of E; dinburgh, without the royalty, but under the civil jurifdiction of the magiftrates and council of the city, who appoint a baron-bailie and 2 refluent

PORTSBURGH

bailies for its

government.
;

PORTSETON

in Haddingtonlhire,

a fea port village on the Frith of

a parifh in Aberdeenthe diftrict of Garioch, lying on the N. fide of the hill of Lttmochie, is about 4 miles long,. and 1 broad; comprehending (exciulive of Bennochie), about 3000 acres, of which 2000 are arable, and the remainder encloftd and planted. The foil, on the banks and 7 from Banff. It is fituated on a of the Gadie, is a fandy loam, exceedpoint of land projecting into the Mo- ingly fertile ; but, towards the foot of ray Frith, which forms a fafe harbour the mountain it becomes muiry, and The great obftacle to for veffels of confiderable fize. Be- unproductive. fides fending out a number of veffels improvement is the diftance from lime; to the fifhing, it carries on a confider- Aberdeen, the neareft port, being diftable manufacture of thread and fine ant 24 miles. In 1793, the population linens for the London and Notting- was 4ro ; increafe 2 fince 175';. ham markets. It contains about icoo PRESTICK, or PRIESTWICK inhabitants. Near it is a fine vein of a burgh of barony in the county of ferpentine, commonly called Port/by Ayr, and parifh' of Monktovjn, to marble; it is a beautiful mixture of which the parifh of Preftick was latered, green, and white, and is wrought ly annexed. The charter, erecting into tea-cups, vafes ; fleeve -buttons, it into a burgh of barony, was renewand other fmall ornaments, but is too ed and confirmed by James VI. at brittle and hard to be wrought into Holyrcodhoufe, 19th June i6co. The chimney-pieces. There are alfo in the narrative of this charter exprefs'y fays, neighbourhood, Angular fpecimens of that it was known to have been a free micaceous fcbijlus, and a fpecies of burgh of barony beyond the memory afbeitos, of a greenifh colour, which of man, for the fpace of 617 years has been wrought into incombuftible previous to its renewal. By the charter cloth. But the mofi remarkable mi- of James, it is privileged to elect anneral production is a granite of a fieih nually a provoft, 2 bailies, with councolo-ir, and found no where elfe in felldrs, and to grant franchifes for feEurope. It contains a quantity of veral trades, and to hold a weeklyfeldt /par, and fhf ws a brilliancy like market, and a fair on the 6th of Nothe Labrador fpar : when viewed in a vember. But many of thefe rights particular light, it fhews a purple and have fallen into difufe. In 1793, the bluifh tint: when polilhed, the figures burgh contained 66 dwelling-houfes, upon it aflume the appearance of A- and 266 inhabitants. rabic charaders, v, hich has cauftd it a parifh in Berwick;
fhire, in

Forth, lying between Preftonpans and Muffelburgh. It is connected with the barony of Cockenny or Cockenzie, which, together, contained 430 inhabitants in 1792. Portfeton received its name from the family of Seton Earl of Winton, who were proprietors of the eftate on which it is built. ; a confiderable fea port town in Banffihire, in the parifh of Fordyce ; about 6 miles from Cullen,

PREMNAY;

PORTSOY

PRESTON

PRE
{hire,

PRE
Vide Bon
-

united to Bonkle. kle and Preston.

PRESTON

a decayed village in

the parifh of Kirkbean, in Kirkcudbrightfhire, formerly a burgh of regality, under the fuperiority of the regent Morton. The crofs, and the annual markets, are the only remains

of

its

PRESTON

the dingtonfhire, which, in 1793, contained 114 inhabitants. It was formfeerly noted for a fair held on the cond Thurfday of October, called St, Jerome's fair, at which there was a general meeting of the travelling chapmen or pedlars of the three Lothians, to elect their office-bearers for the enfuing year, that clafs of merchants having formed themfelves into a regular fociety.

ancient privileges. ; a decayed village in parifh of Preftonpans, in Had-

PRESTON-KIRK (formerlyPREston-haugh)
;

a parifh in the counnearly in led Morifon's Haven, is fituated a litty of Eaft-Lothian, fituated diftant tle to the W. of the town ; it has athe center of the fhire, equally from the royal boroughs of Hadding- bout 10 feet water at fpring tides, but about might be deepened fo as to draw 1 2 ; ton and Dunbar. It extends miles in length, and from 3 to 4 in it is efteemed one of the fafeft har7 breadth, containing 449 8 Scots acres, bours in the Frith. Near the ancient and watered by the river Tjme. The village of Prefton is the field where agreeably va- the battle of Prefton was fought, in furface of the ground is exceedingly fer- September 1745, with fo great fuccefs ried, and the foil is The cultivated. The only on the part of the Rebel army. tile, and well

century, is a burgh of barony, and 2 port of the cuftomhoufe. It received its charter of erection in 1617, in favour of Sir John Hamilton of Prefton, by which the village of Prefton, about a mile diftant, is included in its privileges. It is noted for its extenlive manufactures, particularly of fait, ftone and earthen ware, and brick and tile a manufacture of oil of vitriol, aquafortis, and fpirit of fait, has alfo been carried on ; and the fame company manufactures great quantities of Glauber falts. The chief fifhery is that of oyfters, which has long been an object of importance : of late a great many have been fent to England, which has almoft deftroyed the oyfter The oyilers fcalps by overdredging. of Preftonpans have been longefteemed, particularly thofe dredged near the doors of the fait pans, and from that circumftance named Pandoor oyfters. The harbour of Preftonpans, cal:

confiderable eminence is Traprane principal feats are Prefton-grange, a Law, elevated 700 feet above the fea feat of the Countefs of Hyndford ; Smeaton-boufe, the refidtnce of Drummore, the feat of Mr. Finlay level. and and Northjield, the refidence of Mr. G. Hepburn, Efq. is an elegant commodious building, lately rebuilt, Syme ; Prefton-tower, formerly the planta- feat of the Hamiltons of Prefton, is in and furrounded with extenfive Eailes-cajile is a large building, ruins ; and near it, the houfe of Preftions.

now

or Mils in ruins, the properly

ton

Dalrymple of Hailes. In 1793, the population was 11 76; decreale 142 fmce I755 PRESTONPANS; a town and pa.

feated on the rilh in Haddingtonfhire, at the eaftcoaft of the Frith of Forth, being ern extremity of that county,

feparated from Mid-Lothian by the burn of Ravenfhaugh. The pariili is about 5 miles long, and 1 broad, conthe taining about 954 Scots acres: furface is level, and the foil loamy ; grapartly on a clay, and partly on a velly bottom : the greater part is enclofed, and well cultivated, producing good crops of all kinds of grain. The

town of Prestonpans, named Salt Preston, in the beginning of the lad

is occupied as an hofpital, founded in 1784 by the late James Scfaaw, Efq. the proprietor of the eftate of Prefton. At Dolphinfton alfo, the property of the Countefs of Hyndford, are the ruins of an ancient family manfion. Amongft the eminent men which have been connected with this parifh, may be mentioned the Hon. James Erskine of Grange, brother to the Earl of Marr, Lord Juftice Clerk in the reign of Queen Anne, who refigned his feat on the bench, that he might go into parliament to oppofe the corrupt meafures of Sir Robert Walpole ; Hugh Dalrymple, Lord Drummore ; and William Grant of Prefton-grange, Lord Advocate in 1745} and who conducted

PRI
the criminal profectitions of that tur:

PRO
into a cold

and wet muir towards the bulent period with much honour and N. and W. extremities. The crops he was afterwards created a are wheat, oats, barley, and peaie ; fidelity Lord of Seffion, and one of the Cora- but the greateft proportion is under miffioners of Jufticiary. Sir Robert wheat. The village of Primrofe is Murray Keith, lately created Lord pleaiantly (ituated, and contains about
Keith, well

known

for his diplomatic

talents, particularly in the affair of the

received his education in the fchool of Preftonpans. The parifh abounds with coal ; but, owing to the cheap fupplies from the neighbourhood, none has been wrought for thefe 40 years. In 1793, the population was 2028, of which 1492 relided in the town ; increafe 32
fince

Queen of Denmark,

150 inhabitants. It gives title of Vifcount to the Earl of Rofeberry. There are abundance of coal, the whole parifh lying on that mineral, in different ft rat a, one of which is of a very mperior quality, and another 11 feet

There are alfo ftrong indications of iron/tone. In 1793, the population was 329 ; decreaie 226 fince
thick.

1755-

17^.
or

PRIMROSE,

CARRINGTON;

a pai ifh in the county of Mid-Lothian, about 2i\ miles long, and 2 broad. It is bounded on the S. and S. E. by the
South Ejk river, from which the furface with a fmooth afcent to the Pentland hills, which bound it on the N. The foil is various, being fertile on fhe banks of the E/k, and degenerating
riles

Prose n, or Prossin; a river in Angus-fhire, which takes its rife in the N. W. extremity of the parifh of Kirriemuir, and joins the Canty about half a mile from the caftle of Invercarity, where the Carity falls into the EJk. The Pro/en gives the name of Glenprafen to the ,diftrict through which it runs.

Q_

QUE
a ftream in the county of ; Peebles, which rifee, and has its whole courfe in the parifh of Traquair ; probably a contraction of Stratbquair, the valley of that river. It is a rapid ftream, and, after a courfe of about 5 miles, pours a considerable body of water into the Tnueed. ; a parifh in Shetland, on the Mainland, united to the iflands of

QUE
the level of the fea, from which it is diftant 20 miles. It gives title of Duke to the family of Douglas.

^UAIR

QUEENSFERRY,
led

fometimes cal-

a royal Linlithgowfhire, on the coaft of the Frith of Forth, about 9 miles W. of Edinburgh. It received its name

South Queensferry;
in

burgh

QUARFF

Bressay, Burra, Havera, House, and Noss, in forming a parochial diftrict.

from Margaret, Queen of Malcolm Canmore, who frequented the paftage of the Frith at this place, and was the great patronefs of the town. It is a
fmall burgh, confifting of one irregular ftreet, with fmall- houfes, chieny inhabited by feafaring people. The principal manufacture is foap, which

This parifh, in 1791, contained 1225 inhabitants, of which 178 refided

in

QUARFF.

a village in the neighbourhood of Paifley, in Renfrewfhire, noted for its coal mines there being 5 diftinct itrata of that mineral, the thicknefs of which taken together is upwards of 5 o feet. Queensberry Hill, in the parifh f Clofeburn, in Dumfries-fhire, is elevated to the height of aoo feet above

QUARRELTOWN;

commenced

in 1770, and has fince been carried on with various fuccefs ; from the year 1783 to 1789, it was a flourifliing and extenlive trade there were at that time 4 large works, which employed about 30 hands, and paid an excife duty from 8,000 tea In the lOjCool. fterling per amiu-m
:

QUE
;

Qjuo

year 1789, that trade received a great by a river of the fame name into Loci check ; but, of late, it has again re- Garry. vived, and is now carried on to a Queich, or Queegh (Nortk and greater extent than ever. The (hip- South) two fmall rivulets of Kinping of the port has greatly declined; rof5-ihire, which difcharge themfelves arfd, at prefent, it feems to derive its into Loch Lcven. fole confcquence from the ferry over Quinzie ; a fmall burn in Stirlingthe Frith of Forth, which is much fhire, which joins the Kelvin in the frequented. The breadth of this paf- parifh of Kilfyth. (St.) ; a pariih in Ayrfage is about % miles : there are conQUI venient landing-places, both here and fhire, containing 3500 acres, all of on the Fife Side, at the N. Ferry. The which is arable, except fome part of' paiTage is fafe and expeditious, and the banks of the river Ayr, which are may be had at all times, excepting fteep, and covered with natural wood The foil on the fea in a very few cafes ; and this only and plantations. happens from high winds, together eoalt is fandy ; on the eafiern border with particular and unfavourable times it is clayey ; and the middle part is a of the tide. Queensferry is a royal light gravelly foil, with a dry bottom. borough, and unites with Stirling, Thc^whole is well enclefed with ditchDunfermline, Inverkeithing, and Cul- es and hedge-rows. In this pariih is rofs, in fending a member to the Im- the thriving village of Waliacetoivn., It is governed by which, in 1793, contained 960 inhaperial parliament. a provoft, 1 land-bailie, 2. fea-bailies, bitants. There are two elegant modern manhon-houfes, pleafantly 'fitua dean of guild, and a town council who, like moft of the other counsel- ated on the banks of the Ayr, one belors of royal burghs, are felf-elected. longing to Mr.Ofwald of Auchincrui've, The pariih of Queensferry is of final] and the other to Mr. Campbell of extent, being confined to the borough. Craigie, who refide in them occafionIn 1792, the population was It is an erection in the pariih of Dal- ally. meny, which took place in the year 1450; increafe 951 fince 1755. ; apariminLanark1636. In 1792, it contained J05 infhire, united in 1660 to the pariih of habitants; increafe 105 fince 1755. QUEENSFERRY (NORTH) the Libberton. Vide Libberton. Quothquon Law, or Coiiihboan fmall village on the oppoiite coaft of the Frith of Forth, where the paflage- Law; a hill in the pariih of Libberton, boats land from South Queensferry. in Lanarkfhire, elevated 60 feet above On it is WalVide North Ferry. the level of the Clyde. Que en side Loch; a fmall loch in lace's chair, a large rough ftone, holthe pariih of Lochwinnoch, in Ren- lowed in the middle, where it is laid frewihire. that hero had his abode, and held conQueich Loch a fmall lake in In- ferences with his followers, before the veniefs-ihire, which difcharges itfelf battle of Eiggar.

VOX

QUOTHQUON

R
RAA
a confi; or derable ifiand of the Hebrides, lying between the mainland of Scothaul and the ifle of Sky. It is about 1 2 miles long, and from j to z\ broad. The coaft on the W. fide rifes with a gentle afcent to a great height above tilt fea; but, on the E. fide, it 18 high,

RAA
fteep,

"P AASAY,

RAAZA

and nearly perpendicular. The

is

x\

general afpect of the ifiand

hilly,

and better adapted for pafture than tillage ; but there are feveral fpots of very fertile and well cultivated land. There are inexhauftible quarries of excellent freeftone, and plenty of limeftonc near a quarry of the latter, is
;

AF
of
flate,

R AS
both of which are deemed
inexhauftible.

a calcareous petrifying fpnngi There are feveral old chapels; one of which, in the Kirktown of Raafay, is furrounded with a plantation of trees. At the M. end, on the E. coaft, ftands Cajllc-Broicbiii., a well known landmark to'failors. The rock on which it ftands is nearly round, covering an area of little more than 70 feet fquaie ; is 40 feet high, except at the place where

The

only piece of an-

tiquity worthy of remark, is the (landing pillar near Forres, commonly called Sweno''sjlone. It is allowed by alt journalifts, who have viewed it, to fur-

pafs in elegance and grandeur all the other obelifks in Scotland, and is faid to be the fineft monument of the GoMr. thic kind to be feen in Europe. " It is," the ftair leads up to it : the bale of the Pennant thus delcribes it rock is about 60 feet above the fea lays he, " 3 feet 10 inches broad, and The rock itfelf is compofed of i foot 3 inches thick; the height above level. burnt ftone, lime, and fhells, which ground is 23 feet ; below, as it is faid, appear to have been jumbled together 13 or 15. On one fide are numbers by fome volcanic eruption. There are of rude figures of animals and armed fome of the l'everal rocks of the lame kind in tire men, with colours flying On ifland ; one of which rifes near the men feem bound like captives. caftle in the appearance of an old and the oppofite fide was a crofs, included
: :

ruinous wall, in moft places covered in a circle, and raifed above the furface with ivy. This rock was called Erokhin, of the ftone. At the foot of the crofs from its decayed appearance; and from are two gigantic figures, and on one The of the fides is fome elegant fret-work." it the caitle received its name. caftle is built of ftone and lime, and The reverend Mr. Cordiner of Banff, appears to have been as ftrongly for- in his letters to Mr. Pennant on the tified by art as its frtuation rendered antiquities and fcenery of the north of" It Scotland, has exhibited a fine drawing it almoft impregnable by nature. was the chief feat of the anceftors of of this monument, with excellent rethe Lairds of Raafay, who are cadets marks. He fuppofes it to have been of the family of Mackod. The ifland erected in memory of the peace concluded between Malcolm and Canute, is annexed to the parifh of Portree, in 1012, upon the final retreat of the and the county of Invemefs. KAEFORD ; a parifh in Elginfhire, Danes from the province of Moray, about 8 miles long, and from 3 to 5 of which they had long had poffefiion. broad, lying on the E. bank of the Some time ago, when the monument river Findhorn. The face of the coun- was like to fall, Lady Anne Campbell, try is much diverfified ; part of it be- late Counters of Moray, caufed it to ing low, flat, and fertile ; part of it is be fet upright, and fupported with elevated, muiry, and rocky. The foil, feveral fteps of freeftone. In 1793, too, varies according to the locality the population of Rafford was 1072 ; of its fituation, from a deep and rich decreafe 241 fince 1755. RAIN. Vide Rayne. clay to a hot-blowing fand, or muiriih RANALDSHA. Vide Ronaldsgravel. The hills, none of which are remarkable for their height, are co- hay. a mountainous difvered with heath, furze, broom, or ; juniper fhrubs. They yield plenty of tricl in Perthfhire, lying betwixt Apeat and turf for fuel, and afford ex- thol and Braidalbin ; famous for the cellent pafturage for fheep and black extenfive fir wood of Rannccb, becattle ; the former of which are very longing to Robertfon of Strowan. numerous. The chief manfions in the Rannoch (Locy) ; a lake in the parifh are, Blervie, the feat of the diftrict of Rannoch ; about 12 miles Hon. Lewis Duff; Altyre, the feat of long, and from 1 to 2 broad. It reAlexander Penrofe Cumming, Efq. ; ceives the waters of the Gauir at its and Burgee, the feat of Jofcph Dun- weftern extremity, and difcharges itThf Eai Fivi rf The of fe if by the Tummel, which p^.fles bar, Efq. of Grange. 1 Moray alfo poffeffes the extenfive and through the diftricb of Athol, and fails beautiful eftates of Tarras and Cluny, into the Tay at Logierait. but has no refidence in this parifh. Rasay ; a fmall river in R,ofs-fhire, There are two valuable quarries ; one which difch^-ges itfelf into Conon in ef excellent reeftone and the other the parifh of Contin, about % mile* ?

RANNOCH

AT
Shire

RAT
other purpofe than to lay on the high roads. In 1791, the population wa& 825 ; decreafe 105 Since 175?.

before that river discharges itfelf info the Frith of Cromarty. RATIIEN a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, about 3 miles distant from the town of Fraferburgh. It is about 7 miles long, and at a medium 2 broad. The high ground, in which is part of the Mormond hill, is bleak and barren ; but the low grounds, chiefly on the burn of Rathen or Pbllortb, are in general tolerably productive. The fea eoaft is partly fiat and fandy, and partly low rocks : it poffeffes two
;

ereeks, on
villages,

which are

built

two

fiihing

each of which contains about

200 inhabitants. There are two old both in rains, at Cairnbuilg and Inverallochie, which feem to have been places of considerable Strength. There is no natural wood, but large trunks of oak trees are dug up in all
eaftles,

the mofies.

In 1792, the population

was 1730;

increafe 203 Since 1755. a pariSh in Mid-Lothian; about 4 miles long, and 3 broad, lying exactly in the midde between the Pentland hills and the Frith of Forth.

RATHO;

E. part is flat and fertile, but gradually towards the W. The foil is generally a light loam, with a mixture of fand but, towards the eaftern border, it inclines to clay. The mode of agriculture has been for many years in a pfogreffive State of improvement, and the vicinity to the capital, which is only 5 miles distant, furnishes an ample fupply of manure. The fcenery with which the parish abounds is truly delightful, and the road from Edinburgh to Glafgow, in paffmg through it, exhibits for more than 2 miles, an uninterrupted fcene of the moil valuable plantations ; comprehending the plcafure grounds of Addi/lcn, Ratba, Dalmahoy, Hatton, and Bonnington. All thele are elegant residences ; but Dalmaboy, the feat of the Earl of Morton, holds a pre-eminent rank Hatton, formerly a feat of the Earls of Lauderdale, but now the property of the Marchionefs of Titchfield, is alfo a venerable building, with extenfive gardens and policies. The rocks, which corrrpofe the riling grounds on the N., are chiefly whinftone ; but the hills of Dalmaboy and Kaims on the S., are compofed of fretftone. About a quarter of a mile W. from the church, is a quarry of whetftone, which is wrought for no
rifes
; ;

The

a pariSh in Banff; extending 10 miles in length along the Moray Frith, and from 3 to 5 miles in breadth. It is computed to contain 27,000 Scots acres, of which 4700 are. arable, i6co meadow and pafture, 16,200 hills, muirs, molles ; and 4500 covered with planting. In fuch an extent of furface, there muft be a great variety of foils ; and, indeed, there are few kinds which are not to be fourrd here. The furface is variegated with hills and eminences, Streams of water, and fertile plains. The Bin bill, in the S. E. is planted with trees, and affords a good land mark at fea, being distinctly feen at ia leagues distance. The mode of agriculture is improving daily, and enclofures are very general. There are four considerable SiShing villages, viz. Buckie, Porteafy, Findochtie, and Portnockie ; the firft belonging t the Hon. Baron Gordon, and to Mr. Dunbar ; the 3 latter being the property of the Earl of Findlater. From the number of Sidling towns, it is evident that the fifhery is the chief employment in the pariSh. There are 8 considerable proprietors ; but of thefe only 2 reSide, viz. Mr. Gordon of Lettefcottrie, and Mr. Gordon of Cairnjkld : the feat of the former is an elegant manfion, Surrounded with fine policies. There is a bede-boufe or hofpital for 6 old men, founded about the year 1226; the prefentation to which is in the gift of the Earl of Findlater. There are feveral quarries of limeftone, of freestone, and of Slate : there are alfo feveral mineral fprings, both chalybeate, and containing neutral falts. There are many remains of antiquity, parti;

RATH VE N

cularly drnidical fanes, tumuli, and cairns ; one of the latter is faid to point out the grave of King Indulphus, Avho, after gaining a great victory over the DaniSh invaders in 967, was here unfortunately killed, on the fpot where the cairn lies. In 1792, the population was 3524; increafe

626 Since 1755.

RATTRAY;
Shire,
richt.

a pariSh in Perth-

about 4 miles long, and 2 broad, lying on the N. bank of the river E-

The

furface

is

much

diversifi-

ed

the land by the

Erkht being

ara-

RAY
ble,

RED

and pretty fertile and the higher grounds being fit only for pafture.
;

Aberdeen to Huntly, 23 miles from Aberdeen, and 9 from lnverury. it The village of Rattray is pleafantly has a great fair on the fecond Tuefiituated on the Ericht, and contains day of Auguft, and a weekly market. about 2co inhabitants, who are chief- In it are the remains of a houfe where ly employed in the manufacture of formerly the Bill) op of Aberdeen had
his refidence.

coarfe linen cloth. To the S. E. of the village, on a rifing ground called the Ccftlebill, are the veftiges of the ancient cattle of Rattray, the refidence of the ancient family of that name. About two miles N. of the village is CraighaU, feated on a rock ioo feet perpendicular, peninfulated by the Ericht? There are alfo the remains of a druidical temple. In 1791, the population was 500 ; decreafe 251
fince 1755.

Rattray-head;

a dangerous pro-

montory in Aberdeenfhire, in the parifh of Crimond, which is very low, and ftretches a confiderable way into
the fea.
It lies

a parifh fituated partly in ; the county of Sutherland, but the greater part lies in the county of Caithnefs. It is of an irregular figure, computed to be 17 miles in length, and from 8 to 9 in breadth. The general afpect is hilly ; but there is a confiderable extent of fiat land next the fea. It is watered by the rivers Halhidale and Forfe; the former giving name of St ratballadale to that diftricl which lies in Sutherland. The extent of fea coaft is about 9 miles, comprehending the hays and harbours of
Sandfide, Bigboufe, Portfkerry,
ladale,

REAY

and Hal-

about

Kinnaird'' s-head,

upon

miles E. from which a light-

and the promontory of Frefgo-

bead.

The

chief

hill

is

Beinn-Reay,

houfe has lately been erected, which will probably render fhipwreck upon
this
it

pronounced Bin-ra, the elevation of which is computed to be nearly a

promontory lefs frequent. Near mile perpendicular. The hills afford formerly ftood the burgh of R,4t- excellent pafture; and, on a moderate tr.it, which, in the 16th century, computation, there are 3442 head of poffefted all the privileges of a royal cattle, 3 1 10 fheep, and 982 horfes in burgh, except that of fending mem- the parifh. There is abundance of bers to parliament. There are new limeftone, muirftone, frecftone, and no remains of this ancient burgh, ex- granite: marl is found in fmall quancept the chapel, around which it was tities in the lochs a fiender vein of built. lead ore was lately difcovered, and or RAIN; a parifh in there is great plenty of ironftone. Aberdeenfhire, in the diftrict of Ga- This diftrict gives title of Baron to rioch, of nearly a fquare figure, each the family of the fame name. In fide of which is about 2 miles. Ex- 1792, the population was 2298; incept a fmall eminence covered with creafe 36 fince 175*?. ORTON.or RE heath, on the N. fide of the parifh, the furface is flat, with a few gently a parifh in Perthfhire, about 6 miles riling fpots. The foil is in general a long, and on an average 2 broad ; exrich clay, producing confiderable crops tending in an irregular figure along of oats and barley. There is an ex- the rivers Tay and Almond. The furtenfive peat mois, in which are large face is rather hilly ; but the high trunks of various kinds of hard wood. grounds are neither fteep nor of great The parifh is watered by the river elevation, but rife and fall gently toUry, on the banks of which are feve- wards the rivers, on the banks of
:

RAYNE,

REDG

GORTON

ral thriving plantations. The chief refidences are, Freefield, the feat of Alexander Leith, Eiq. ; and Logie-Elphinjlone, the feat of R. D. HomElphinftone, Efq. There are 2 druidical temples, and feveral cairns. In 1794, the population was 1173; increafe 42 fince 1755.

which the furface is fiat and fertile the foil is in general a light loam, but there are many places with a rich deep clay. Befides the Almond and the Tay, there is a fmall river called Sbochie,
and
feveral rivulets,

which are emextenfive

ployed

in driving the

ma-

RAYNE,

or

RAIN (OLD)
j

fmall poft

town

in the parifh of

Ui Aberdeenfhire

Rayne, on the road from

chinery erected in this parifh. This is entirely a manufacturing diftrict, feveral branches being carried on to a great extent. Cromwell-Park is a cot3

REN
ton work and printfield ; PitcairnGreen and Battleby, two villages employed in the weaving of cotton ; Lonearty, an extenfive bleachfield ; and part of the village of Stanley, noted for its cotton mill, are in this parifh. In this parifh the famous battle of Loncarty was fought, at the end of the ioth century, in the reign of Kenneth III. betwixt the Scots and the Danes, in which the latter were completely defeated, chiefly by the bravery of a countryman of the name of Hay,

REN
particularly fo ; but, along the Clyde* the foil is more fertile, and well adapted for pafture, as it is noted for the excellence of its natural grafs. The inhabitants are much devoted to trade, and in a particular manner to the different branches of the weaving manufacture, almoft all the towns and villages being engaged in the profecution of the linen or cotton trade. Beiides the Gryfe, the county is watered by

and his two foils, who were in confequence ennobled, under the title of
Earls of Errol. Numbers of pieces of ancient armour have been dug up in the field of battle ; and, within thefe few years, iometumuh were demolished, which were found to contain human bones and pieces of armour. In 1794, the population was 2,1*3; increafe 1049 ^ n ce 1755. Rkd-h ead ; a remarkable promontory in Angus-fhire, in the parifh of Invei keilor, which rifes on the W. fide of Lunan bay, to the height of 350 feet perpendicular to the Tea. Previous to the year 1793, this promontory was remarkable for being the point

beyond which

coal was not permitted to be carried northward, without paying a very heavy duty ; an opprefuve tax, which was lately taken off by a

commutation duty on
it is

fpirits.

Near

Ethie-houfe, the feat of the Earl of

Northeffc, formerly one of the country refidences of Cardinal Beaton. a parifh in Orkney, ; united to Evie, fituated on the Mainland. In 1797, the population of both parifhes was 1564 ; decreafe 297 fince

REND ALL

the White and Black Carts, which three rivers unite at Inchinnan bridge, about The lcenery, 3 miles from Paifley. on the road from Paifley to Greenock, is truly delightful; it is well defcribed by a late touriit. " Our road," fays Mr. Lettice, " for fome miles difplayed marks of its vicinity to Paifley, in a fucceffion of beautiful villas, and a country abounding with corn, diverfified with gentle hills, and frequently covered with patches of wood. After fome time, the Clyde broke in upon our view, now become ,a noble river, and widening its channel at every ftep of our progrefs. Although this ftream does not flow in varied curves, and rarely breaks into romantic bays and receffes, overhung with wood or rocks, which render the courfe of many rivers interefting to landfcape painters, it every where forms a fplendid and exhilerating object, is every where the boaft of commerce, the "main organ of focial comfort, and of elegance of Ufe, to the weftern and fouthern regions of Scotland. The Clyde, though not pielurefque in itfelf, foon

becomes

fo in

its

accefTories

its far-

ther fhore prefented to our view the

1755-

RENFREWSHIRE, fometimes termed Stratbgryfe, from the river Gryfe, extends about a8 miles in length from E. to W., and is from 10 to 24 broad. It is bounded on the E. by Lanarkshire on the S. by the county of Ayr and, on the remaining fides, it is warned by the Frith of Clyde, which, fweeping round its extremity, forms feveral beautiful creeks and bays, on three of which are fituated the fea port towns of Greenock, Govrock, and Port-Glafgoiv. The face of the country is varied with hill and dale, wood and water; but the greater part of the foil is barren, and inclining %o muir the S. and W. quarters are
; ;
:

mountains of Dumbarton and Aron the fides of Loch Lomond, with lively green valleys opening between them, till the eye, loft in their long perfpeclives, or unable to purfue their turns amongft the mountains, experienced in the diftant
gyllfhires, rifing

fcenery that fort of effect which is fo highly piquant to the imagination. At length, an abrupt and infulated rock, with two lofty conical crags, unequally fpring out of it; the whole feemingly impending over the water, exhibited between them the caftle of Dumbarton overlooking the Leven and the Clyde, from as lingular and bold a fituation as ever occurred to my fight. Travelling upon high ground, on the left fhore of the Clyde, oppofae

REN
.to

REN
then about
inconfiderablc
its
;

in regard to well adapted cover the town of Dumbarton nearly for trade, and not inferior to any behind the vaft caftle rock, placed in place in the neighbourhood. In the fecurity under its protection. The courfe of the 17th century, the town whole fcene, with its back ground of ftood upon the banks of the Clyde, mountains, whole diftantfummits were and veffcls of confiderable burden hid in clouds, was indeed marked by could unload at the town ; but the no ordinary decree of fublimity. Two Clyde having changed its courfe, a or three miles further, we paffed the plain of confiderable extent was left refidence of the Earl of Glencairn, a between the town and the rivtr ; to modern hcufe, with its groves hang- obviate this, and afford the town the ing over the Clyde. After croffing a advantage of fliipping, a large canal fucceffion of fteep hills, we command- has been made in the old bedof the ed an extenfive reach of the river; and, river, by which vefiels of 200 tons at fome confiderable diftance, a bril- may come up to the town at fpring liant funfet view of the town of Port- tides. The principal branch of trade Glafgow, and of Greenock, not far is the thread, but there are alfo' exbeyond it, with their harbours at the tenfive foap and candle works: there head of the Frith." Renfrewibire con- are about 120 looms employed in the tains oneroyal borough, viz.RENFREw, fiik and muflin weaving, chiefly on the county town ; feveral large towns, account of the manufacturers of Pailas Paisley, Gfeenock, and Port- ley. The town is of great antiquity; Glasgow ; and a number of villages, for mention is made of it in the oriof which the largeft are Gcwroc/, Eagles- ginal chartularies of the abbeys of ham, Kilbarchan, Daff, and Eajl-xuood. Dunfermline and Paifley. In the year 1 164, it was noted for a battle which It contains many refidences of nobility and gentry; amongft others, the Earls took place near it, between Somerled of Glencairn and Elphinftone, Lords Thane of Argyll, and Gilchrift Earl Blantyre and Semple ; Sir W. Stewart of Angus, in which the former was of Ardgoivan ; Mr. Spiers of Elder/lie; defeated. It was erected into a royal Mr. Fleming of Houjlon ; and many borough by King Robert II., who had others poffefs elegant feats. The mi- a palace there.' From that prince a nerals are fimilar to thole found in the charter was obtained, which ratifies county of Lanark (vide Lanark- and confirms ail the privileges grantshire); and there are many petri- ed by his pi edeceffors; and fubfequent factions and impreffions of plants, of charters have been granted by James fuch animals and vegetables as are no VI. of Scotland, and by Queen Anne. where to be found now in Scotland, It is governed by a provoft, 2 bailies, in a recent ftate. The county is divid- and 16 coiinfellors, who have the maed into 17 parochial diftricts, which, nagement of a revenue of about 360I. in 1770-8, contained 62,853 inhabit- per annum, arifing from the lands, ants; increafe 36,208 fince 1755. The Hillings, &c. belonging to the burgh. valued rent of Ilenfrewfhire is 68,0761. In conjunction with Glafgow, Dum15 s. 2d. Scots, and the real land rent barton, and Rutherglen, it elects a may be eftimated at rather more than member of the Britifh legislature. It 63,950!. fterling. Renfrew fliire is often contained 1013 inhabitants in 1791. denominated, by way of eminence, the The parifh of Renfrew is of an irrebarony of Renfrew-, becaufe it was the gular figure, extending 3 or 4 miles ancient inheritance of the royal fa- in length in every direction ; the foil mily of Stuart, and becaufe it gives is partly clay, partly fand, and partly title of Baron to the heir apparent of a rich loam, but the latter is mofc prethe crown. valent; part of it lies on the N. fide of the county town of the Clyde. All the lands are enclofed, ; Renfrewfhire, is pleafantly fituated on and well cultivated. In 1791, the pothe river Cart, about 5 miles W. of pulation was 1628 ; increafe 537 fince
left,

the caftle on the

although
it

i miles diftant

from us,

we could

dis-

local fituation,

is

RENFREW

Glafgow, and 3 N. from Paiiley. It con fills of one narrow ftreet, about half a mile in length, with bye-lanes. The commerce of the town is very

1755-

RE NT OWN;

a large

manufac-

turing village in Dumbartorrfhire, ia the pariih of Cardrcis, containing a=

RER
in 1792; but, that period, it has greatly increafed both in extent and population. RERRTCK ; a pariih in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, about 10 miles long, and 6 broad ; lying on the coaft of the Solway Frith, at the mouth of the river Urr. The furface is very rugged and uneven on the N. ftands Bencairn, a lofty mountain, furroundcd with fmaller ones, which are covered with heath : the reft of the parifh is arable, except 3 moffes, one of which covers 300 acres, and the others

RES
a parifh in Forfarof an irregular figure, comprehending about 16 or 18 fquare miles, moftly in cultivation, with fome thriving fir plantations, and very little wafte ground. The foil is various ; being partly rich and fertile, and partly poor and unproductive ; but, of late, has been greatly improved by the ufe of marl, which is found not only in the loch of Refcobie, which occupies the middle part of the parifh, but alio in the lochs of Balga-vies and Re/tenet, one of which bounds it on the N. E., and the other on the S. W. The loch of Refcobie is about a mile long, and half a mile broad, and is one of the lakes formed by the river Lunan, in its courfe towards the bay of Lunan, where it difcharges itfelf into the ocean. The only manfion of any note is the houfe of Turin, the feat of Mr
fhire,

frmit

1200 inhabitants

RESCOBIE;

fince

about 40 each.' The fea coaft forms a fafe and commodious bay for fmall veffels, flieltered from the fea by the fmall ifland of He/Ion, which ftands high out of the water, and affords excellent fheep pafture. The foil of the pariih is in general wet and fpungy,

but, by being drained and well cultivated, produces good crops. In the northern parts, the grounds are chiefly fitted for pafture ; and the live ftock of the parifh in 1793, was eftimated thus: oxen 2150, cows 382, horfes 190, fheep 2383. There are 2 fmall villages, one at the Abbey, and the other at He/Ion bay ; the inhabitants of which are employed in the cotton manufacture. There are remains of antiquity, both Saxon and Roman, military and religious ; but the moft remarkable is the old abbey of Dundrennan, founded in 1142, by Fergus firft Lord of Galloway, for monks of the Ciftertian order ; a minute defcription of which, with engravings of its ruins, are given by M. de CarIn the donell, and Captain Grofe. lands of Lord Macartney, there is a rich iron mine, which was opened and wrought for fome time by an Englifh company : freeftone of excellent quaUpon the property lity is abundant. of Mr, Douglas of Orchardio<wn is a fmall ftream, in which are found beautiful rock cryftals ; fome of which are pf an amethyftine colour, and are

The furface is much diverfined ; the hills of Turin and Pitfcandbie are of confiderable elevation, rifing rapidly from the borders of the lakes: both thefe hills contain various mineral fubftances ; but the freeftone of Turin bill is particularly excellent.
Watfon.

On the top of the fame hill are the remains of a ftrong caftle or citadel, called the Kemp or Camp-cajlle, concerning which even tradition does not In 1801, the population tell a lie. was 807; decreafe 133 fince 1791, but an increafe of 9 fince 1755. RESTALRIG; an ancient barony and pariih in Mid-Lothian, now united to South Leith. The ruinous church of Reftalrig ftands in a hollow plain, about a mile E, of the city of Edinburgh. The only remains are a beautiful Gothic window, and part of the N. wall. In the church-yard is a fpacious vaulted aifie, the buryingplace of the family of Stuart Earl of
Moray.

a fmall lake ; the county of Angus, in the parifh of Forfar, the property of George much efteemed by lapidaries. The Dempfter, Efq. of Dunnichen, who great difadvantage this diftrict labours has lately caufed it to be drained for under is the want of coal, of which, the inexhauftible quantity of marl however, there are many indications, which it contains: on its banks are but no fearch after it has been fuccefs- the remains of a priory and church, There are feveral elegant feats, faid to have been dependent on the ful. particularly on the eftate of Mr. Cairns monaftery of Jedburgh, where their of Dundrennan } Mr. Douglas of Qrcb- valuable papers and effects were lodgardtonvn, and Mr. Johnfon-Hannah ed as a place of fafety from the de- of Baharry. In 1793, the population predations of the Englifh borderers.
in
i

Restenet (Loch)

was iojo

no

alteration fince 17,55,

RHY
one of the Shetland ifles, iituated on the S. of the Mainland, and belonging to the parochial diftrict of Delting. It is about 24 miles in circumference, containing 14 families, or 83 inhabitants, who live on a few fpots which have been brought into cultivation within thefe 60 years. The other parts of the ifland are covered with a fine kind of heath,

ROB
RICCARTON
;

RHOE (MICKLE);

a fmall village in

Weft-Lothian, about 3 miles S. from the town of Linlithgow.

RICCARTOUN
fhire,

a parifh in

Ayr-

about

6 miles long,

and

broad.

The furface is level, and the foil ira general is a deep clay ; the whole is arable and well enclofed, except a
mofs of 250 acres. It is watered by the Irvine river, and by a fmall tributary branch, called the Cejfnock. The village of Riccartoun is within a mile of the market-place of Kilmarnock, being feparated from the fuburbs of that town by the Irvine. In 1792, it contained 372 inhabitants. Limeftone is found in great quantities, and the parifh is well fupplied with coal. In 1792, the population was 1300; increafe 555 fince 1755a fmall ; ftewartry of Kirkcudand pariih of Crofimichael. It covers about 40 acres, and is fituated in the higheft part of the country, having no outlet for its water, nor any ftream running into it. Its depth is from 10 to 22 fathoms, and it feldom freezes, even during the fevereft winters. a parifh in the counties of Roxburgh and Selkirk, Iituated at the weftern extremities of

which affords good pafture to fheep and black cattle ; of the former of which a great number are annuallyreared.

RHOE (LITTLE)

lies in

the

neighbourhood of Mickle Rbos, and

contains 12 or 14 inhabitants, folely employed in the profecution of the Emeries.

RHONHOUSE,orRONEKOUSE;
a village in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, in the pariih of Kelton. It owes its origin to a great market or fair, held annually on the 17th day of June, O. S. in its immediate neigh-

Roan,

lake in bright,

or the

Rohn (Loch)

bourhood. This fair is known among the horfe and cattle-dealers by the name of the Kelton-hill fair, and has long been one of the molt confidervillage

In this held a weekly cattle market on Monday, from October to January every year.
alfo is

able in the S. of Scotland.

ROBERT ON;

Vide Rynd. thefe fhires, where they march with and ESSIE ; an united that of Dumfries. It is eftimated to pariih in Aberdeen lb ire, of nearly a extend 13 miles in length, and 6 in fquare form, comprehending a fuper- breadth, watered by the fmall river ficies of 30 fquare miles. It lies in Bortbwick, and the river Ale, befides the diftrict of Stratbbogie, being wa- feveral fmall lakes which give rife to tered by the river which gives name thefe ftreams. The general appearto that lordfhip and the foil varies ance is hilly ; but none of the emifrom a rich loam to a barren muir, nences are of any extraordinary eleas we recede from the banks of the vation. From the banks of the rivers river. The furface is irregular, but the furface rifes by a gentle afcent; there is only one eminence, the hill of and the low grounds, except where Notb, which deferves the name of a beautified with planting, are in a ftate mountain. The number of horfes is of cultivation. The higher grounds 17a; of black cattle 882 and of fheep afford excellent pafture, interfperfed a 25 5. The only antiquity in the pa- with confiderable patches of mofs.
; ;

RHYND. RHYNIE

a vitrified of Noth. In 1795, the population was 681 ; dereafe 255 fince 1755. Rhyns, or Rinns of Galloway ; is a term applied to that peninfula of Wigtonihire, formed by the approximation of the bays of Locb Ryan and
is

rifh deferving

of notice,

fort,

on the top of the

hill

foil, locally varying, is in general of a good, quality the greater part lies on a hard gravelly or rocky bottom, which renders it more proper for fheep pafture. The number of cattle is computed to be 18,000 fheep, 358 black cattle, and 127 horfes. There are feveral remains of encamp;

The

Glenhtce. It is named by Ptolemy, ments and fortifications-: one large and the ancient geographers, Cber/b>i- fquare encampment, well fortified, efum No-vantum, from the Novantx or bears the name of Jfrica> communi-

Novantes, the inhabitants.

RON
bating with one of a femicircular form. In 1793, the population was 621 ; decreafe 22 tince 1755. a parifh in Ba; rsarkfhire, united to WisrowN in

ROS
the N. E. extremity. It belongs rrt the parochial charge of Cross and' Burn ess. In 1791, it contained 420
inhabitants.

ROBERTOUN
Vide

RONALDSHAY (SOUTH);
moft fouthern of the Orkney
is

the

1792.

Wistown.
;

iflands,

and 3 broad. The pretty level, and the foil, containing, in 1791, 30 families, or though various, is in general tolerably fertile. 160 inhabitants. It poffefies feveral excellent the former name of harbours, particularly Widewall bay, ; the parifh of Meggrt, in Peebles- on the W. fide, and St. Margaret's ihire, now united to Lyne. Vide Hope at the northern extremity. The Lyne and Megget. fhore is extremely rugged, and at a parilh in the county three places forms lofty promontories, of Sutherland, of an irregular fquare each of which are at leaft 250 feet form, about 10 miles in extent in perpendicular to the fea. At the harevery direction. The furface is very bour of St. Margaret's Hope, there is a irregular, being compofed of two val- confiderable village of the fame name. leys, viz. Strxt'hfieet and Strathbrora, Population in 1792, 161 %. about 5 miles diftantfrom each other, (SOUTH), and the interjacent fpace being a group of ; an united parifh in Orkrocky hills, fome of which are of great ney, comprehending the ifiands of elevation. The fides of the hills and South Ronaldshay, Burray, and. thcjlratbs afford fmall patches of ihal- Swinna, befides 3 uninhabited iflets,. low arable land, of a thin and gra- viz. Glrm/bolm, Horda, and the Pentvelly foil, which in the latter is often land Skerry. In 1792, the population wafhed away by the overflowing of of the parifh was 191:4. an ifland of the Hebrides, the rivers. Almoft every part exhibits traces of encampments, tumuli, and the lying between the Mainland of Scotremains of Piclifh buildings. In 1791, land and the ifle of Sky, belonging to the population was about 2000 ; in- the parifh of Portree. It is about 4 creafe 239 iince 1755. miles long, and 2 broad : the furface a fmall ifland in the north- is pretty level, and the foil is tolerern ocean, fuppofed to be the fartheft ably fertile. It has a good harbour. to the N. W. of any part of Europe, Around the coaft are fome extenfive being fituated 16 leagues N. W. from caves ; fome of which afford line fpethe Butt of Lewis. It is about a mile ciments of flaladytes. long, and half a mHe broad, and is ina fifhing village' habited by <?ne family, who pay a- in Aberdeen fhire, in the parifh of Pitbout 4I. fterling of rent. It belongs fligo, 4 miles W. from Fraferburgh,to the parifh of Barvas, in the ifle of containing, in 1792, 42 houfes, and Sky. Near the center of it is a cha- 213 inhabitants. It has a tolerable pel dedicated to St. Ronan. harbour, where veffels might lie and Rona ; a mountain in Shetland, on deliver their cargoes during the fumthe Mainland, in the parifh of North- mer months. The late Lord Gardenmaven, which was found by accurate ftone, who was proprietor, left a congeometrical menfuration, to be 3944 fiderable fum of money towards improving the harbour, which is immefeet above the level of the fea. (NORTH); a diately to be done. a parilh in Rofsfmall ifland of the Orkneys, about 2 ; miles long, and t broad ; about 2 fliire, about 6 miles long, and 3 broad; leagues N. of the ifle of Sanday. The lying on the fhore of the Frith of Crofurface is low and fiat, and the foil marty. The coaft is bold and rocky, fandy, with a mixture of clay in fome abounding with romantic views and. places. The fhores are flat and rocky, frightful precipices.- The cliffs are affording a confiderable quantity of covered with ivy, affording ihelter to fea weed, from which 120 tons of the wild pigeons ; and j k' lp are fometimes made in a year. " Low brow'd rocks hang nodding o'er There are fome coaife Uutes found at ;"
parilh, on the

ROBERTOUN
W.

bank of the

a village in that Clyde,

6 miles long,
is

furface

RODONNO
ROGART;

RONALDSHAY BURRAY

RONAY;

RONA;

ROSEHEARTY;

RONALDSHAY

ROSEMARK1E

ths deeg

ROS
of which are hollowed into exone of which runs upwards of 50 yards under the land. From the coaft the furface riles gradually to the N., and is for the molt part arable in lummer covered with verdure, and producing early and rich crops. The foil is various, being a good loam in the neighbourhood of the town ; but in the other parts it is a ftrong loam, on a clay bottom. In former times the country was covered with wood but, except a few plantations, there is none at prefent. The town of Rose mar kie was erecled into a royal borough by Alexander II. King of Scotland but, in 1744, it was united to the town of Chanonry y about a mile diftant, by a charter of King James II. in 1444, under the common name of Fortrofs, or Fortro/e. Vide Fortrose. The population is thus ftated in the
tenlive cavities,
; ;

ROS
was founded in 1446, by St. Clair Prince of Orkney and Duke of Old6 prebendand 2 ringing boys. The outfide is ornamented with a multitude or* pinnacles, and a variety of ludicrous
aries,

many

enburgh, for a provoft,

Statiftical

Account
\

296 445 In the country part of the parifh, 521

In the
c town of
<

ou Chanonry,

Roiemarkie, *

Total,

126a

increafe 22 fince 1755. the molt wefterly ; parifh of Dumbartonihire, beingapen-

ROSENEATH

form of a parallelogram, about 7 miles long, and 2 broad, formed by Loch Long on the W., by the Frith of Clyde on the S., by Loch Gair on the E., and united on the land fide to the parifh of Row. Its furface exhibits a continued ridge of riling ground, without hill or mountain, although fome parts are rocky. The foil is various, and on the coafts well cultivated, but the higher grounds are covered with heath. The coaft is partly fandy, partly rocky, and abounds with all kinds of fiih : there are two bays, Callivattie, and Campfoil; the latter of which affords anchorage to veffels of almoft any burden. The Duke of Argyll had a large and elegant caftle here, which, in the beginning of the year 1802, was burnt to the ground. Upon the property of that nobleman there is a valuable ilate quarry. In 1791, the population was 394 ; decreafe 127 fince 1755. a place in Mid-Lothian, in the parifh of Lafswade, remarkable for an aneieiit chapel and caftle. The chapel
infula, nearly in the

fculpture. The infide is 69 feet long ; the breadth 34 ; fupported by 2 rows of cluftered pillars, about 8 feet high, with an aifie on each fide ; the arches are Saxo-Gothic, and are extended acrofs the aides ; but the center of the church is one continued arch, elegantly divided into compartments, and finely fculptured. The capitals of the pillars are enriched with foliage, and a variety of figures ; and, amidft a heavenly concert, appears a cherubim blowing the Highland bagpipes! Rojlin-caftle (well known by the beautiful fong and pleafing melody which bears its name,) is feated on a peninfulated rock, on a deep glen, and acceffible only by a bridge of great height. It appears to have been the favourite feat of the great family of Sinclair. Near this place, the Engliih army under John de Le Grave, the Engliih regent in Scotland, in 1302 received three defeats in one day, from the Scottilh army under the chiefs Cumyn and Frazer. Roflin has been lately created a Britilh earldom in the family of Wedderburn, in perfon of Lord Loughborough. ROSS-SHIRE is one of the molt extenfive counties in Scotland, being 80 miles in length, and nearly the fame in breadth ; extending from the eaftern to the weftern leas, taking in the whole breadth of the ifland, and having the infular diftrift of Lewis politically annexed to it. It is bounded by the county of Sutherland on the N.; by the ocean, and the fmall county of Cromarty on the E. ; by Invernefs-fhire on the S. ; and by the ocean on the W. It comprehends the difaidts of -Gairlocb, Kintail, Glenjhiely Loch Aljh; Loch Carron, Glenelchaigy &c. Its form is very irregular, being much indented by numerous lochs and friths, particularly the Friths of Cromarty and Dornoch on the E. coaft, and by Loch Carron, Loch Broom, Sec. on the W. The whole afpecl of the

ROSLIN, orROSKELYN;

country is rugged and mountainous ; fome of the mountains, for inftance Benuai/h, being covered with fnowthc

whole Year, are fcarcely

inferior is

PvOS
point of deration to the higheft mounOn the banks of the tain in Britain.
I

ROS
(hire fends
|

one member to parliament j and gives the Irifh title of Earl to the lochs and friths, however, there are family of Gore. The minerals hithermany fpots which admit of culture, to difcovered are freeftone, limeftone, and produce tolerable crops of corn. often of the natur-e of marble, and Iron ft one is alfo abundant In this county agriculture is far be- marl. hind, and the chief employment of and there is a tradition, that it was the farmer is the management of the fmelted fome hundred years ago, on iheep. There are many lakes of con- the banks of the arm of the fea called A rich vein of filver and iiderable extent in the valleys between Loch En. the hills, the chief of which are Loch lead ore was lately difcovered in the Marl, Loch Favnich, Loch Morrar, parilh of Alnefs, on the eftate of Loch Lichart, &c. which give rife to Munro of Lealdie. Attempts are juft numerous rivers, which, while they now making for the difcoveiy of coal, fertilize the valleys, afford plenty of and the appearances are fo flattering, l'almon and other fifh to the inhabit- that great hopes -are entertained that The principal rivers are the that ineftimable mineral may be found ants. Canon, the Grrin, the Beaulle, which in this diftrict. The valued rent of forms its boundary with jnvernels- Rofs-fhire is 75,040b 10s. 3d. Scots, ihire, and the Ockkl, vrhich is the and the real land rent is eftimattd at boundary with Sutherland. The val- 38,711b fterling. ROSS; the former name of the leys or ftraths are moftly covered with wood ; indeed, the whole country greater part of Mull was the parifh teems to have been an immenfe foreft, of Ross ; but, about 1730, it was dithe moft coniiderable remain of which vided into 1 parifhes, viz. Torosay, and KiLFiNiCHEN and Kilviceufn. is the foreft of Alfrag, which is nearly 10 miles in length. Great numbers of Vide Torosay and Kilfinichen. ROSSIE a parifh in Perthfhire, horles, black cattle, fheep, and goats, are fed on the hills, which alio abound united to that of Inchture in 1670. with game ; and the fea, rivers, and Vide Inchture. ROSSKEEN; a parifh in Rofslakes, teem with fifh and water fowl. The lochs, efpecially on the weftern fhire, the inhabited part of which excoaft, are finely adapted for fifhmg tends about 10 miles in length from ftations, as they are vifitcd regularly the coaft of the Frith of Cromarty, by a fhoal of herrings. This has in- and about 6 miles in breadth ; but the duced the Britifh Society for the en- mountainous diftrict extends much couragement of the fifheries, to erect farther. The foil, upon the coaft, is one of their towns (Ullapool) on the partly gravelly, and partly loam aThe middle bove this it becomes clay and wet, coaft of Loch Broom. part of Rofs-fhire, called Jrdrofs, is and the interior is only fit for pafture. exceedingly mountainous, and fcarce- Agricultural improvements are yet but, upon the coaft, in their infancy, but might be pro]y inhabited there are many confkkrable towns fecuted to great advantage, as a bed and villages. This county contains of excellent fhell marl of 70 acres exroyal boroughs, viz. Dingwall, tent has lately been difcovered. There .3 Tain, and Rosemarkie-; which laft are fome extenfive woods and plantawas by James II. united to Chanon- tions, particularly around the place of ry, under the common name of Fort- jirdrofs, the feat of Capt. Mackenzie ; rose. It is divided into 30 parochial Inwrgordon-cajlle, the feat of Mr.Macdiftricls (including the ifland of Lew- leod of Cadboll ; and MiUncralg, the is), which, in 1790-8, contained 5 0,146 feat of Mr. Munro of Culrain. There inhabitants; increafe 7653 fmce 1755. is a coniiderable village at the Nefs of -The Mackenzies, the Roffes, the Fra- Invergordon, from whence there axe zers, the Mackays, the Macraes, and regular ferry boats over the Frith to Cromarty. It has a dry harbour, the Munroes, are the chief clans who fpeak Gaelic, and wear the where veffels with fafety may receive Highland garb. They count the Earl or deliver their cargoes at moft feaof Seaforth their head, as being the fons of the year. In 1791, the populineal dependent of Mackenzie Lord lation was 1700 ; decreafe aj8 fincc Seaforth, who was attainted. in 1719 17.55;
:

for his concerr. in the rebellion. Rofs-i

ROT
ROTHES;
aparifh
in

ROT
Morayfhire,

ceeding years it greatly declined, and, in 1762, many of the houles lay in ruins. Since that period theft houfes have been rebuilt, and feveral new ftreets have been added. But the fiourilhing ftate of the town is not folely owing to the herring filhery the eftabliihment of a large cotton on the Sjjey, and contains about 300 mill, in 1778, has given the inhabitThe chief feat is Orion, ants a knowledge in that fpecies of inhabitants. the feat of the Hon. Arthur Duff. manufacture, and caufed others to There are the ruins of an old caftle, profecute the fame branch. Rothewhich gives title of Earl to the family lay, as a royal borough, unites with of Leflie, and was formerly the feat Ayr, Irvine, Inveraray, and Campbellof the Duke of Rothes, from whom town, in fending a rcprefentative to the noble family of Leflie is defend- parliament. The pariih of Rothefay ed: it is now che property of the is about 10 miles long, and from 3 to Earl of Find later. On the iide of a 4 broad, occupying the N. end of hill, near the church of Rothes, is a the ifland of Bute, and indented with quantity of fine agate, of elegant red 4 bays, viz. Rotkefny, Kaimes, Keils, and white colours ; it is very hard, and St. Niuicvu, all of which afford heavy, of a fmooth uniform texture, fafe anchorage. The furface is hiily, and of conliderable brightnefs, in but there are fome fmall valleys, which the red is remarkably clear, which are exceedingly fertile. The and finely fliaded tln-ough the ftone. only relic of antiquity worth notice, Mr. Williams, the mineralogift, fays, is the caftle, the ruin of which is fo it is the largeft and moft beautiful completely covered with ivy, that few agate rock he ever faw,; and is fo fine of its walls can be feen. Here are itili and hard, as to be capable of the pointed out the bed-chambers and higheft luftre in polifhing. In 1790, banqueting-rooms of Robert II. and the population of Rothes was ijoo ; III., the laft Scottifh monarchs who inhabited this venerable pile. This increafe 7^4 fince 17^. ROTHESAY, or "ROTHS AY; a caftle was, in fucceeding ages, the royal borough and pariih in the ifland principal refidence of the Stuarts, anapd county of Bute. The town is ceftors of the prefent family of Bute, excellently fituated for trade, having long the hereditary conftables of the a fine harbour at the bottom of an kingdom. It continued their refidence extenfive bay, on the N. W. fide of until it was burned by the Duke of the ifland, in which there is fafe an- Argyll, in the troubles of 1685. It is chorage. About 40 years ago, the now faft mouldering away with age town was in a ftate of indigence, and but the Earl of Bute has the title of pofieffed only one decked veffel, and hereditary keeper of the palace. that of inconsiderable burden under Rothefay gives the Scottifh title of the aufpices, however, of the late Earl Duke to the heir apparent of the of Bute, the induftry and emulation crown. In 1791, the population of of the inhabitants of Rothefay were Rothefay pariih was 4032, cf which firft excited, and their vigorous pernumber 2607 refided in the burgh. feverance has wrought a moft re- The increafe of population was 1374 markable change. Within the fhert lince 17^. period before mentioned, they had a pariih in Banff-, ; accumulated (hipping to the amount fhire, about 8 miles long, and from of 4246 tons, in 1790. Sixty buffes, 5 to 6 broad ; watered by the Deveamounting to 3104 tons, manned by ron, which runs through it. Towards 715 hands, were in that year fitted the eaftern extremity, the furface is out from this port for the herring agreeably diveriified with woods and fifhery. The borough of Rothefay corn fields ; but, towards the N., the was enfranchifed by King Robert III. appearance is more barren and hilly. in the year 1400, when its caftle was The houfe of Rotbiemay, the property the royal refidence. At that time it of the Earl of Fife, is pleafantiy fituwas a confiderable town ; but in fuc- ated near the confluence of the Delying on the N. bank of the Spey, The foil is in general dry and fandy, degenerating into rmiir in the northern parts of 'the pariili : the crops are chiefly barley and oats, the culture of green crops being little practifed. The village of Rotbes is lately built
:

ROTHIEMAY

-3

2-

ROX
tieron
;
;

ROX

and the I/Ja ; and Major Alex- and W. divifions of the county are ander Duff has lately built an elegant mountainous but the E. and S. are and commodious refidence on the e- upon the whole flat and fertile. The About a furlong Nv whole abounds with the moft romanftate of Mayer. of the houfe of Rothiemay, is a pretty- tic fcenery exhibiting in every part entire druidical temple. In 1794, the the rough appearance of hills, moffes, population was 11 25; decreafe 75 fince and mountains, interfperfed, however, with narrow valleys, in which run nu*755 ROTHIEMURCHUS a parifh in merous ftreams, long fince familiar to Jnvernefs-fhire, united to the parifh us from paftoral defcription. Befides Vide the Tweed, the Teviot, and the Liddal, of Duthil in Moray fhire. it is watered by the Ale, the Jed, the Duthil and Rothiemurchus. R O U S A Y ; one of the Orkney SHttrick, the Rule, and the Kail, which iflands, about 9 miles long, and 4 difcharge themfelves into the Tweed broad, lying to the N. W. of the and the Hermitage, Tweeden, Tin?iis, Mainland. It is altogether a range of Kerjhofe, and Blackburn, which, with hills, with fome ftripes of arable land the Liddal, difcharge themfelves into on the coaft. The foil is good and, the head of the Sol-way Frith. In this if well cultivated, would yield abund- county alfo arife the rivers Tyne and ant crops ; the hilly ground is cover- Coquet, which, entering the Englifh ed with heath, and abounds with lands, fall into the fea the one at Tynegame. There are feveral fmall lakes, mouth, and the other near Coquet iile. from which a number of rivulets take The chief mountains are the Cheviot their rife. It is, upon the whole, one and Cockraw, which are fituated in of the moil pleafant of the Orkney the " Debateable land ;" the property ifies. Around it there are fafe har- of which was formerly difputed by bours for Ihipping and the inhabit- the Scots and Englifh borderers, but ants profecute the fifheries with great adjudged to Scotland at the Union. diligence. In 179a, there were 77a Roxburghfliire contains one royal bo; ; ; ;

inhabitants.

rough, viz.
an

Jedburgh

and feveral

ROUSAYandEGLISHAY;

united parifh of the Orkneys, comprehending the iflands Rousay, Eg iishay, Weir, and Inhallow, with a fmall holms or uninhabited iflets. In 1792, the population was 107a; increafe 94 fince 1755. a parifh in Dumbartonfhire, lying upon Loch Gair, and the Frith of Clyde. It is about 14 miles long,

ROW;

3 broad ; and the furface is in general hilly, the ground rifing gradually from the E. The foil is moftly light, and, when properly cultivated, abundantly fertile. The hills are green, and afford good pafture to upwards of 5000 fhcep. In 1791, the population was about 10.00 ; increafe

and

347 fince 1755.

ROXBURGHSHIRE is of an irregular figure; the greateft extent of which, in every direction, is about 30 miles. It is bounded on the N. by Berwickshire ; on the E. and S. by the Englifh border ; and on the W.

by Dumfries and Selkirkfhives. It comprehends the ancient diftricts of what might have been expected from Tcvtotdale and Liddifdale ; fo named it. Inftead of promoting the increafe,
from'
1

considerable towns, as Kelfo, Hawick, Melrofe, Cafllctown, and the final], but ancient town of Roxburgh, which is the feat of the courts; though its privileges as a royal burgh have long fince been transferred to Jedburgh. Roxburghfhire is divided into 31 parochial diftricts, which, by the returns made to Sir John Sinclair, between the years 1790 and 1798, contained 32,020 inhabitants ; increafe 747 fince 1755. But it is only of late that the population has increafed ; for, before the Union, this fhire was much more populous, and, on account of the fort of predatory war carried on between the Scots and Englifh, it rendered them inured to military difcipline and, it is faid that they were fo alert, that this and the neighbouring fhire of Berwick, could, in 24 hours, produce 10,000 men on horfeback, 'well armed and accoutred. But the Union, as obferved by the rev. Mr. Somerville of Jedburgh, " has, in fome refpects, produced an effect very different from

the
1

rivers Teviot and Liddal, iun through them. The N.

has contributed to the diminution of the people on the borders. Befidys,

it

ROX
the influence of various natural prowhich induced men to flock to the icene where active talents were conftantly employed, honour acquired, and the ftrongeit natural antipathies gratified, there were obvious considerations of intereft, which rendered the lituation of the borders more eligible, after violence and hoftility were repreffed by the union of the two crowns, and the confequent interpoiition of the legiflature of both the kingdoms. The inhabitants of the borders, while the taxes and commercial regulations of the two kingdoms were different, enjoyed the opportunity of carrying on a very adpenfities,
ariling

ROX
kingdoms, and the decline and extinai tion of natural antipathies, the balance

from the interchange of inha-

vantageous contraband trade, without danger to their perfons or fortunes. Into England they imported fait, ikins, and malt, which, till the Union, paid no duties in Scotland ; and from England they carried back wool, which was exported from the Frith of Forth to France, with great profit. The veftiges of 40 malt barns and kilns are to be feen in the town of Jedburgh alone, while at prefent there are only 3 in actual occupation. The proprietors of eftates upon the borders, were well aware of the detriment which their property would fuffer by the incorporating Union, and very ftrenuoufly oppofed it ; and the commiflioners for carrying on that treaty, were fo fenfible of the lofs they would fuftain, that they agreed (according to De Foe) in his " Kiftory of the Union,'" to appropriate part of the equivalent money, as it was called, to their indemnifica-

would run much in favour of the more wealthy country. Artificer:; and labourers would naturally refort where wages were higher, and all the accommodations of life more plentiful, efpecially if this could be erfeCted without the unpleaiing idea of relinquiihing home. To pafs from the borders of Scotland into Northumberland, was rather like going into another parifh than into another kingdom." But, of late, the border country of Scotland is becoming richer and better cultivated ; and by the attention of the inhabitants to their natural riches, viz. their fheep and woollen manufacture, the population is greatly on the increale. Roxburghfhire, like other paftoral countries, js ornamented with many feats of the nobility and gentry. Of thefe, the chief are Flews, the feat of the Duke of Roxburgh ; Dryburgh- Abbey, a feat of the Earl of Buchan ; Mount-Teviot, a feat of the Marquis of Lothian. SpringwooJ-Park, the feat of
bitants
Sir George Douglas, Bart. ; Aacrum, the feat of Sir John Scott ; Harden,the feat of Mr. Scott ; M'mto and Stobbs, feats of the Elliot family, &c. There are many old caftles and fortifications, which had been in ufe in the border wars; and the Roman way, commonly called the rugged caufeway, can be traced all the way from Hounam to the T-weed. There is no coal, and but little limeftone has been hitherto wrought in this diftrict: ; neither have any other minerals of confequence as yet been difcovered, except freefcone and marl. Roxburgh fends one member to parliament, and gives title of Duke to the noble family of Kerr. The valued rent of the county is 315,594!. 14s, 6d. Scots, and the real land rent is eftimated at 102,350k
fterling.

tion and benefit. The Union has alfo been the caule of the depopulation of the border country, by enlarging the iphere, and facilitating the means of

emigration. While the two countries were in a hoftile ftate, there was neither inducement nor opportunity to move from the one to the other. The inhabitants often made inroads upon one another ; but, when the incurfion was over, they returned to their own homes. Their antipathy and refentments were a rampart, which excluded all focial intercourfe and mixture of inhabitants. In this lituation,

a parifh in Rox; burghthite, about 8 miles long, and 4 broad at its extremities, comprehending an area of 7000 acres. The general appearance is flat and Moping; mifconduct and infamy at home were and the foil is moftly a rich loam, the only motives to emigration ; and, well calculated either for wheat or while this was the cafe, the exchange turnip hufbandry. It is watered by of inhabitants would be nearly at a the Tzueed and Teviot, the banks of par ; but, after the union of trie two which are covered with beautiful planI I

ROXBURGH

ROX
The

ROX
A

greater part is enclofed, defcription of Dr. Douglas, before tations. and in a ftate of high cultivation. quoted in the account of Kelfo. " The. The old city of Roxburgh ftood over beauties of the fcenery which furround againft Kelfo, on a riling ground at the fite of the ancient city of Roxthe W. end of a fertile plain, penin- burgh exceed all defcription. litrle fulated by the Tweed and Te-viot, to the of this, the public road lies where thefe rivers flow in all their along the top of a precipice lined with glory, and unite their waters. On the trees,, through, which the traveller perS. angle of the land, formed by a cur- ceives the Tweed rolling ' dark,drumly vature of the Te-viot, ftood the mag- and deep,' far below him : at a little nificent friary of the Ciftertian monks, diftance, on the other hand, he fees

W.

founded by King David I. Near it the Te-viot meandering round a large ftood the town, and at the point of plain, and bounded by a rocky woody the peninfula ftood the caftle of Rox- bank. While contemplating thefe riburgh, fo often the fcene of mortal vers, truly beautiful in low water, and contention between the Scots andEng- grand while in flood, the fpectator lifh, and before which King James II. fuddenly lofes fight of them, and every unfortunately perifhed by the burfting thing elfe but the wood, which overof a cannon. " The S. walls of the iliadows him in a hollow of the way. caftle," fays Mr. Pennant, " impended In this gloomy path he goes only a over the Te-viot, a part of whofe wa- few paces, until a moft enchanting ters were directed by a dam thrown fcene opens upon him all at once ; obliquely acrofs the ftream, at the W. the prominent features whereof are end of the caftle, into a deep foffe, the Duke of Roxburgh's featat Fleurs; which defended the fortrefs on the Sir George Douglas's at SpringwoodW. and N. emptying itfelf into the Park ; the Temiot on the right, and river at the E. end thereof." Over the Tweed on the left hand % beauthis ditch, at the gateway from the tiful bridges over thefe, and Kelfo in town, was thrown a draw-bridge, the all its glory, full in the traveller's eye remains of which were but lately re- as he paffes eaftward. From a parmoved. The caftle is now entirely a ticular fpot in the village of Roxburgh, ruin, which was formerly the rendez- there is alfo a very magnificent view. vous of fome of the greateft military Under the fpectator' s eye the parifh. and political characters which Europe of Roxburgh lies fully difplayed like had to boaft of, and where ftate coun- a map, and forms a beautiful landcils were held with a fplendour and fcape ; the Tweed walking its border magnificence becoming the dignity of on the N., and the Teviot partly on affemblies in whofe decifions many the S. There is an obfervatory or nations felt themfelves highly intereft- fummer-houfe, built on the top of ed. Like the caftle, the ancient city Dun's Law (one of the higheft hills), of Roxburgh, once the firft of Scot- by the late Hon. Baron Rutherford of land for opulence and magnificence, Taimington, which commands a prohas decayed; and the plough has now fpect too vaft and too crowded with almoft obliterated the few remains of objects for particular or critical deftreets and houfes which were evident fcription. From this fpot the eye conwithin the laft century. About s miles templates, at one view, lofty mounW. from the caftle ftands the prefent tains, verdant hills, fruitful plains, village of Roxburgh, pleafantly fitu- beautiful rivers, populous towns, exated on the banks of the Te-viot, on a tenfive woods, 3 renowned caftles, declivity, with a fine S. expofure. It and a peep of the German ocean." is divided by a fmall rivulet into the There are feveral caves of confiderable Upper and Nether Towns, which had extent on the banks of the Te-viot, formerly been of confiderable extent, which had formerly been ufed as conthough they now contain only about cealments; and, like every part of the aco inhabitants. In almoft every corn- county, there are many old towers There is a reer of the parifh, the eye is prefented and encampments. with objects that nature and art feem markably large hawthorn tree in the vying how beft to adorn. The fol- garden of the manfe, meafuring 7 feet lowing defcription is given by the rev. in circumference, and overfhadowing Mr. Andrew Bell, in addition to the an area of upwards of 30 feet diairv*
;

Pv
fter.

UM
% Springs near the

RUT
guage, Rloghachd ?m ForraiJIe Find* haich, i. e. " the kingdom of the Wild Foreft." There is abundance of coarfe Upon the ihore, pebbles freeitone. and rock cryftals are found, of fmall fize, but of beautiful appearance, and capable of receiving a high polifli. The only harbour is Loch Sercfort, on the E. coait it is fpacious, with good anchorage in 5 and 7 fathom water. The ifiand is the property of Major Alexr. Maclean of Coll, who draws from it 2091. 13s. 6d. Sterling of annual rent. In 1793, the number of inha:

There

are

Tweed, which have a remarkable peIn 1796, the poputrifying quality. lation was about 840, being a decreafe of 260 Since 1782, but an increafe of
56
fince 1755.

Ruail

a river in Argyllshire, in
its

Cowal, which difcharges

waters in-

to Loch Long. It was formerly' named the Black water ; but, in confequenc; of a great fiaughter of the Norwegian invaders on its banks, it received its prefent name, which fignifies " red Hood." From it the parifh of Kil-

madan

is

fometimes called Glcndmail,

;

bitants

was 443.

a hiil in Roxburghshire, in the parifh of Bedrule, elevated 1419 feet above the level of the fea. Ruckil; a river in Perthfhire, which rifes in the hill of Glenairtney, above Slratheme, and falls into the Erne, at the houfe of Aberuchil, near the village of Comrie.

contracted Rua royal borough in Lanarkshire, Situated about 25 miles S. E. of Glafgow, and 9 W. of Hamilton. Fewtowns of Scotland can lay claim to greater antiquity than this fmall borough. Maitland, in his " Hiftory of the Antiquities of Scotland," vol. i. p. 92, tells us, that it was founded RUGLEN. Vide Rutkerglen. by a king called Reuther, from whom R.ULE; a river in Roxburghshire, it derives its name; and a tradition which rifes on the borders of the pa- of the fame import prevails among But, without laying rifh of Southdean and England ; and, the inhabitants. after a courfe of about 20 miles, falls any fcrefs upon the authority of trainto the T-viot at the parifh of Cavers. dition, which is often falfe, and always doubtful, we find, from feveral It abounds with excellent trout. an ifiand of the Hebrides, original charters Still extant, that it ; about 7 miles W. of the ifiand of was erected into a royal borough by 26. The terriEigg, lying in the parifh of Small Ifles, King David I. in and politically annexed to the county tory under the jurisdiction of the boof Argyll. It is about 8 miles long, rough was extenfive, and the inhabitand nearly the fame broad, contain- ants enjoyed many diftinguifhed priing a Superficies of above 2 2,000 Square vileges, which were, however, graIts furface is in general hilly j dually wrefted from it by the fuperior acres. mountainous, and rocky; much better political influence of Glafgow, which, The in latter times, rofe into greater confitted for pafture than tillage. hills are of very confiderable elevation, fequence from its trade and manufac-> but the height has never been mea- tures. The ancient fize of Rutherglen fured : their fummits are entirely bar- is now unknown; but in the fields toconfiderable number of fheep wards the E. the foundations of houfes ren. are reared upon it, of a peculiar kind; and Streets are frequently dug up. It but they are exceedingly fmall their is now of very reduced fize, confiftflefh, however, is delicious, and their ing only of one principal Street, and a wool is foil and valuable. This ifiand few lanes. One of thefe lanes is called was once ftocked with great numbers Din'' s Dykei, a place which, from a cirof deer there was alio a copfe of cumstance which befel the unfortunate wood, which afforded fhelter to the Queen Mary, has ever fince been chayoung fawns from the birds of prey, racterized with an indelible mark of particularly from the eagle. While opprobrium. Ker Majefty, during the the wood throve, the deer alfo throve: battle of Langlide, in which her forsow that the wood is deftroyed, the ces were routed, Stood on a riling deer are extirpated. It would appear, ground about a mile from Rutherindeed, that, in former times, the ifiand glen. When the rout became genewas a vaft foreft for the inhabitants, ral, She alfo took to flight, and ateven now, term it in the Gaelic lan- tempted to prodeed thro; :/h. this lane-

pronDunced Glenderwell.

RUTHERGLEN,
;

Ruberslaw

glen

RUM

RUT
'Two
nifties,

RUT
at

who were

work hard draught

it

by, feeing her Majefty flying in hafte, rudely intercepted her, and threatened to treat her with great brutality, if ihe prefumed to proceed a ftep farNeither her beauty nor her ther. high rank could at all times fecure her from infult, from the unfeeling and revengeful: fotne of her adherents, however, were at hand, and foon relieved her from farther infult. Adjoining to that lane, formerly flood the caftle of Rutherglen, originally built at a period coeval with the foundation of the town, and celebrated for its fieges during the troublefome age of Robert Bruce ; it was demolifhed by the regent's party, after the battle of Langfide. The kirk of Rutherglen, an ancient Gothic building, was alfo pulled down in 1794, and a new one rebuilt in its ftead. No borough, probably in Britain, potTefles a political conftitution or J'ett, more free or unembarrafTed than Rutherglen. It was anciently under the direction of a felfclected magiftracy, many of whom
lived at a diftance,
office a long time,

In 1792$ contained about 1630 inhabitants. The parilh of Rutherglen is one of the moft beautiful diftricts of Scot-, land. It extends on the S. bank of the Clyde 3 miles in length, and 1 in breadth the furface is level, and the foil fertile; and the whole is enclofed,
:

horfes in Scotland.

and well cultivated.

The

beautiful

manfions of Sha^vyield, Farme, Hamii~ ton farm, and Rofebank, with their policies, add greatly to its fertile appearance.
Coal, freeftone, and ironand of the beft quality : there are alfo many ftones with vegetable impreffions. For a more particular account of this diftridt, we mutt refer the reader to Mr. David Ure's " Hiftory of Rutherglen and Eaft Kilbride ;" a work replete with much ufeful and curious information, and which we have frequently quoted with the greateft pleafure. In 1792, the population of Rutherglen parilh was i860; increafe 872
ftone, are abundant,

iince 175?.
fhire,

and continued

in

without interrupNegligence on the one hand, and an undue influence of power on the other, had brought the borough
tion.

into that ftate, that the inhabitants were excited, about the middle of the 17th century, to remedy the evil. The community, by the charters, were em-

a parifh in Forfarpleafantly fituated on the N. fide of the valley of Strathmore, at the foot of the Grampian mountains. It is of fmall extent, containing only 1706 acres, of which 300 are covered with wood, 40 with heath, capable of

RUTHVEN;

powered to elecl

their magiftracy

but,

through lapfe of time, the right had become almoft obfolete. Great oppofition was made to the reform but the plan adopted by the burgeffes was wifely laid out, and was profecuted with unremitting afiiduity. They were proof againft the influence and bribery of the party for continuing the old
;

and 16 of the remainder is arable, and tolerably fertile, having a light hazelly foil, on a gravelly bottom. The river IJla runs through it, formplantation, 30 of marl pits,
;

peat mofs

ibme remarkable cafcades. The modern houfe of IJla-bank, the feat of Mr. Ogilvie, is fituated near the fite of the old caftle of Ruthven, which was pulled down fomc years ago. There are the remains of ibme ancient encampments, and two There are feveral and, having at length fur- druidicai fanes. practice mounted every difficulty, they formed chalybeate fprings, and marl is aing beautiful
;

new conftitution

ox J'ett of the burgh,

bundant.

In

1792, the population

upon themoft liberal principle.., which, was 220; decreafe 60 fince 1755. Ruthven a fmall river in Perthin 1 67 1, was approved of by all the inhabitants of the town, and by the fhire, which rifes in the parilh of Blackconvention of royal boroughs. Ru- ford, near the houfe of Gleneagles, and
;

iherglen, in conjunction

with Glafgow, falls into the Erne near the village of Renfrew, and Dumbarton, elects a Auchterarder. From it formerly a pamember of the Britilh legiflature, and rochial diftrict got the name of Abertitle of Earl to the Duke of rutbven, now united to Auch>terarder. a parilh in DumQueenfberry. The fairs of this town have long been famous for a great fries-Afire, extending about 6 miles in fhew of horf'es, of the Lanarkfhire length along the Solway Frith, and 3

gives

RDTHWELL

breedj which are cfleLined the beft

miles where broadeft.

The grgund

RUT
expofure, and the foil tnjoys is in general, when properly managed
a fine S.

RYN
and
.

and manured,

fufficiently fertile,

the crops are early. The fea has receded above a mile from its former coaft, and many green fields now appear, where, formerly, not above 70 or 80 years ago, the tides flowed over a furface of land. The village of Ruthtvell, formerly a long ftraggling and dirty place, has been lately rebuilt on both fides of the road from Port-Patrick to England, at the expence of the Earl of Mansfield, who, as Lord Vifcount Stormont, is the proprietor of the greater part of the parifli. The town is a barony, privileged to hold markets and fairs. The inhabitants

of this parifli, in confequence of an old charter or grant from one of the Kings of Scotland, are privileged to make fait, duty-free, which they do
in confiderable quantities, by collecting the fand, when in fummer ftrongly impregnated with the fait, and af-

ter wafhing

and

filtrating

it,

boiling

the liquor in proper vefiels. Comlongan-cajlle, a feat of the Earl of Mansfield, is a venerable building, furrou tida parifli in Perthfhire, fi; ed with extenfive parks and planta- tuated at the confluence of the Erne tions. There are alfo veftiges of an with the Tay, is about 4 miles long, old caftle at Cockpool, likewife. a feat and 1 broad. The furface in general of the Murray family. In the church- is fiat, and the foil exceedingly feryard are the remains of an obelilk, tile, being either a rich loam or clay. which appears to have been 18 feet The ruins of a nunnery remain at high, and ornamented at the bafe Orchard Nook, about a mile W. from with fcripture hiftories, done in has the caftle of Elcho, clofe to the Tay. relief, of which a correct drawing is It is faid to have been founded by an. given in " Pennant's Tour," and in anceftor of the Earls of Crawford, Gordon's " Itinerarium Septentrion- and to have been a dependency to ale." At Brow, within tide mark, is the monaftery of Dunfermline the a chalybeate fpring, which feems alfo ruins are fituated the midft of a to contain fulphurated hydrogen gaz, large orchard, and from the ground much famed in ftomachic complaints. which they occupy, it would appear Coal has not yet been difcovered to have been an extenfive building. but, as the upper ftrata are perfectly In 1791, the population was 4953 fimilar to thofe on the oppofite coaft decreafe 3 fince 1755.

of Cumberland, where coal is plenty, it is probable that the want of fuccefs may proceed from the inefficacy of the trials, or to the knavery or ignorance of thofe employed in making them. Limeftone was accidentally difcovered fome time ago, and is wrought to confiderable extent, and to the great advantage of the neighbourhood. In 1791, the population was 1061 ; increafe 462 fince 1755. Ryan (Loch); a confiderable bay in Wigtonfhire, which extends in a S. E. direction from the Atlantic j forming, by its approximation to the bay of Luce, the peninfula called the Rinns of Galloway. It extends about 10 miles in length, and is about % miles broad at its entrance, and continues of the fame breadth for about 3 miles ; it then fpreads out in a circular form about 4 miles in breadth. The whole bay affords excellent anchorage, particularly oppofite to the village of Cairn, in the parifli of Kirkcolm ; at Portmore, the Wig, the bay of Soleburn, the. bay of Dalmennock 9 and the harbour of Stranraer.

RYND

SAB
SADDEL
and

SAD
;

of Kintyre. It is about 25 miles long, united parifli in Argyllihire, fitu- and on an average 2 broad. The fursted on the E> Coaft of the peninfula face is in general rough and hilly, an4
I j

SKIPNESS

an

3d

SAL
"better

SAL

fpecimens of radiated hamathes, intermixed with Jleatites, green fibroug ore of iron, and calcareous fpar, forming altogether an uncommon mafs. ably fertile. The ruinous abbey of Veins of calcareous fpar are alfo met Saddel has been a large and magnifi- with in many places ; and fine fpecicent building, erected in 1160 by So- mens of talcy zeolite, and amethyfline merled Lord of Kintyre and the Ifles, quartoze cryftals. for the monks of the Ciftertian order. SALTCOATS ; a confiderable feaNear the point of Skipnefi ftands the port town in Ayrihire, about 5 miles caftle of the fame name, a building of N. W. from Irvine, fituated partly in great fize and antiquity ; though, e- the parifh of Stevenfton, and partly in ven yet, it can fcarcely be called a that of Ardroffan. The harbour is exruin. Upon every point of land are cellent, admitting veffels of 320 tons, to be feen fmall Danifh duns or forts, and could eafily be rendered more the mod conliderable of which is the commodious. It has only of late Aird of Carradel, upon a high preci- years become a place of any note ; it pitous rock : near it is a fmall ifiand, being certain, that not more than 140 on which are the veftiges of a vitrified years ago, there were only 4 fmall foil. In 1793, the population was houfes, the inhabitants of which earned a fcanty livelihood by preparing 1341 ; decreafe 28 fince 17 ^5. ABBS, AN- fait in their little pans and kettles. St. FERGUS, St. MA- About the year 1700, the place beDOIS, &c. &c. Vide Abbs (St.), coming the property of Sir Robert Andrews (St.), Fergus (St.), Cunningham, he began to work the valuable coal ftrata in the neighbourMadois (St.), Sec. &c. SALINE ; a parifh in Fifefhire, a- hood, and erected a harbour at Saltbout 7 miles long from E. to W., and coats to facilitate the exportation. 6 broad at the middle, gradually be- He alfo built feveral large pans for coming narrower towards the extre- the manufacture of fait, of which mities. Towards the E. it is hilly there is now made on an average upand marihy, and the W. half is very wards of 3000 bolls per annum. The The foil is in general thin, on trade of lhip-building was alfo carried level. a tilly bottom ; and the parifh is but on with fuccefs ; and in 25 years, little enclofed. The village of Saline ending in 1790, there were built not is a neat rural place, containing about fewer than 64 veffels, of the total 200 inhabitants, and lying on the road tonnage of 7095, value upwards of from Dunfermline to Auchterarder. 7o,oool. fterling. The number of vefThe whole parifh lies upon coal, fels belonging to this harbour in 1792, which, though of good quality, is lit- was 41 of 4300 tons burden, and naThere are no tle wrought, on account of the neigh- vigated by 320 men. bourhood to the pits of Blairingone. magiftrates, nor any local police in In 1793, the population was 950 ; de- Saltcoats ; no weelcly market, and only one inconfiderable fair. No toncreafe 335 fince 1755. Salisbury Craig; a remark- nage is paid for veffels; a fhore baiable rock, lying on the E. fide of the liff levies the fmall anchorage dues, city of Edinburgh, being part of the and carries into execution fuch reguhill of Arthur' s-feat. It is noted chief- lations as are neceffary for the loadly for its fteep precipitous front of fo- ing and failing of the veffels ; which lid rock, which it prefents on the W. regulations the owners or mailers of fide towards the city, in the form of veffels come under a written obligaan amphitheatre, the fummit of which tion to fubmit to. In 1792, the pois 550 feet in height. But, independent pulation was ftated thus Inhabit* Houfes. of the lingular appearance of the rock

adapted for pafture than tillage ; but, on the fea coafc, and in the glens, there are confiderable fields of arable land, of a good foil, and toler-

SAINT DREWS,

SAINT

no lefs interefting to the na- In the Stevenfton or ) , " from the materials of which S. fide of the town, ) In the Ardroffan > it is conrpofed, and the arrangement 53 The great mafs of or N. fide of do. 5 of the ftrata. whinftone or bafaltes is incumbent on In one of the freeftone and clay. Total, 399.
itfelf, it is

turalifl,

'

119+ z?i$

freeftone quarries are found beautiful-

SAL
SALTERNESS;
in the parifh of

AN

a fea port village cles. The introduction of thefe arts Kirkbean in Kirkcud- was owing to the patriotifm of the bright ftevvartry, built on the eftate Lady of Henry Fletcher of Salton of Mr. Ofwald of Auchincruive. It who, animated with the defire to inis much reforted to as a bathing quar- creafe the manufactures of her counter. The point on which it is fituated, try, travelled into Holland with two and from which it takes its name, is expert mechanics, diiguifed as her coniidered by many to be the fouth- fervantsj and, yifiting the workhoufes eramoft point of Scotland, being in to which her rank procured her eafy 54 9 S5 N. lat. fuppofed to be the accefs, the mechanics got models of Caerbuntorigum of the geographer the machinery, and the fecrets of the manufacture. About the year 1750, Ptolemy. SALT ON; a parifh in Hadding- too, the firft bleachfield of the Briti/b tonihire, about 4 miles S. W. of the Linen Company was formed in this county town, comprehending a fuper- place, under the patronage of Lord But of thefe branches of ficies of about 2000 acres. It is bound- Milton. ed on the W. by the rivers Saltan and manufacture there are now no reTyne, which here unite, and feparate mains, except a fmall bleachfield, a the parifh from that of Pencaitland. ftarch work, and a paper mill. This From the banks of the rivers the land parifh has had the honour of giving rifes by a gentle afcent to the S. E., birth, or affording refidence to many William exhibiting a rich, regular, and well diftinguifhed characters.
r

The foil is of cultivated furface. great variety ; loam, light fand, clayey loam, and deep rich clay ; of which, however, the latter is the moft prevalent. There are two fmall villages,
named from

Dunbar

the pdet, often named the Scottifh Horace, was born here in the

" The Golden Terge," and The Thiftle and the Rofe," are the moft admired pieces of his
year 1465.

Burnet Bifhop of Satheir relative fituation, production. Eaji and Weft Saltan; the former con- lifbury was not a native, but was rectaining 63 houfes, and 281 inhabit- tor of the parifh, before he was called ants; and the latter 33 houfes, and to the Divinity chair in Glafgow. 127 inhabitants. Salton-hatt, the feat The celebrated Andrew Fletcher, of General Fletcher, was formerly a the patriotic and independent ftateiplace of considerable ftrength, being man, was born in this parifh ; as was regularly fortified : it has been highly Lord Milton, the nephew of that improved and modernized by its pre- great man, who held the office of fent proprietor ; the lawn is much Lord Juftice Clerk during the rebeladmired, and the pleafure ground is lion of 1745, and to whom his country extenfive, and affords a variety of ro- was fo much indebted during that Limeftone and mantic fcenery, interfperfed with aged troublefome crifis. trees, and enlivened by the meander- coal are abundant ; and there are feings of Saltan water. Near it is Her- veral quarries of excellent freeitone. mifton, or Herdmonfton, the property Near Salton-hall there is a mineral of Lord Sinclair, alfo an ancient and fpring, fomewhat refembling the Briffortified building. The celebrated tol wells. In 1792, the population Gilbert Burnet Bifhop of Salifbury, was 830; increafe 69 fince 1755. and author of " the Hiftory of his A; a fmall ifland on the own Times," was fometime rector of coaft of the peninfula of Kintyre, this parifh, and bequeathed a confi near the Midi of Kintyre, and belongderable fum for the eftablifhment of ing to the parifh of Southend. It is fchools, and the education and main- about a mile and an half in length tenance of 30 poor children. In the and half a mile in breadth, and is beginning of the laft century, the art famed for having been the place of of making pot-barley, and of weaving rendezvous for the Danifh fleets durthat kind of linen cloth called Hollands, ing their expeditions to the weftern was introduced into this parifh, and coafts. From that circumftance it reexclufively practifed, to the great e- ceived the appellation of Avona Por~ molument of the inhabitants, who for ticoja, and is ftill fometimes called A* feveral years fupplied the whole of von. There are two fmall iflands on Scotland with thefe important arti- the E. fide, well calculated for fneep

SAND

Ga

SAN

SAN;

pafture ; and about a league to the S. SANDNESS a parifh in the weftof it is a dangerous funk rock, about em parts of the Mainland of Sheta mile in circumference, called Paler- land, united with Walls, Papafon's rock. Upon Sanda are the re- stour, and Fowla, in forming a pamains of an old chapel, dedicated to rochial diftrict (vide Walls and Sandness.) In 1797, it contained St. Columb'a. D A Y ; one of the Orkney 532 inhabitants. SA ides, the extent of which is 12 miles SANDSTING a parifh of Shetin length, varying in breadth from 1 land, united to that of Ait sting mile or lefs in fome places, to a or 3 The united parifh is fituated in the in others. Its form is very irregular, middle of the Mainland, and is about having many extended points, with 9 miles long, and 6 broad. The apbays running a confiderable way in- pearance of the parifh is hilly, and land. It lies to the N. E. of the ifles the cultivated grounds lie moftly on of Eday and Sironfay, from which it the fea coaft, or on the coafts of long is feparated by a channel from 2 to 3 narrow njoes or friths, with which it is miies broad. The furface is low every where interfected. The numand flat, particularly on the E. coaft, ber of fheep is about 9000, of milk which not only renders the coaft dan- cows 850, and of horfes 800. In 1792, gerous to maviner;, but fubjects the the population was 1285 ; increafe ifland to inundation from a fpring 374 fince 1755.
;

vated. The live ftock is computed as follows ; horfes 858, black cattle 1794, fheep 2100, and fwine 500. The furface, like moft of the Orkney iflands, is bleak and barren, interfperfed with cultivated fields ; but the appearance of the S. border of this parifh is rather more agreeable, and the prcfpect is fo extenfive, as, long fince., to have induced the Bifhops of the Orkneys to make this parifh their place of refiTotal, . . .1772 a fmall fea port vil- dence. The coaft, which is about 18 ; lage in the parifh of Fbrdyce, in Banff- miles in extent, is bold and rocky, fhire ; about 4 miles from the town but poffefTes a fafe harbour, at the town of Stromnefs, which is fituated of Portfoy. a fmall ifland of at the S. W. part of the parifh ; (vide the Hebrides, in the diftrict of Bar- Stromness.) There is a flate quarry, ray, annexed to the county of Inver- from which about 40,000 flates are annually fold ; and there is plenty of nefs. It is about 5 miles diftant from Barray ; is 2 miles long, and 2 broad; limeftone. Bead and iron ores are and contains 9 families, or 50 inhabit- found near the village of Stromnefs ; ants. There is a very large Danifh the former of which has been attempt-

with a gale qf eafterly wind. every where mixed with fand, and, when well manured with fea ware, produces as good crops as any ifland of the Orkneys. The making of kelp is the chief employment of the people during the fummer; and no ifland of the Orkneys, of the fame extent of fea coaft, produces an equal quantity with this ifland. It generally produces 500 or 600 tons ; and 620 tons have been made in a feafon. The two principal harbours are Kettletofit on the S., and Ottsrfnvick on the Nfide of the ifland, both pretty fafe and commodious. The number of fheep is 4200, of black cattle 13 14, of horfes 856, and of fwine 140. The ifland is divided into two parifhes, viz. the united parifh of Crofs and Burnefs, and the parifh of Ladykirk, the population of which was thus ftated in 3792: Crofskirk, .... 579 Burnefs, 390 Ladykirk, .... 803
tide,

SAND WICK
united to

a parifh

in

Shet-

The

foil is

Dunrossness and Cunningsburgh in forming a parochial charge. The united parifh lies
land,
at the fouthern extremity of the

Main-

land, and, in 1793, contained 3327 inhabitants ; increafe 1032 fince 1755.

SAND WICK

and

STROMNESS

an united parifh in Orkney, fituated at the W. end of the ifland of Pomona ; about 9 miles long, and from z\ to miles broad ; containing about 32 fquare miles, or 20,166 fquare acres, of which 2146 are arable, 2400 grafs and meadow lands, 500 covered with mofs, 640 occupied by two fmall lakes, and the remainder hilly and unculti-

SANDEND

SANDERAY;

dun on the E. coaft of the

ifland.

ed to be wrought, but was found of

SAN
value to defray the expence. There are feveral tumuli; fome of which were opened in prefence of, and at the defire of Sir Jofeph Banks, and other gentlemen, on their return from Iceland in 1772: they were found to contain human bones and afhes. In 1794, the population was 301a; increafe 12 fince 1755; a royal borough in Dumfries-mire, feated on the river Nitb, on the borders of Ayrfhire ; about 27 miles diftant from Dumfries, and 33 from Ayr ; and nearly equidiftant from the Solway Frith and the Atlantic ocean. It has only one principal ltreet, about a quarter of a mile in length, but is rapidly increafing in It has long extent and population^

S
hills, i?

AR

too

little

SANQUHAR

partly moffy, and partly a deep clay, affording only a fcanty crop, and a precarious and late harveft. On the banks of the Nitb, indeed, which interferes the parifh from one end to the other, and the fmall rivulets, which are its tributaries, there are confiderable fields of a light loam, tolerably early and productive, when properly cultivated. Upon the whole, however, not more than 600 or 700 acres are under culture. But, while the mountains exhibit fo rugged and barren an exterior, they contain immenfe riches in their bowels. Beiides inexhauftible quarries of limefrone and coal, the mines contain great abundance of lead
ore,

which

is

in the village

wrought by the miners of Wanlock-head. The

been famous for

factures.

its

the allies are of a red colour, refembling ochre ; but, when burnt in a hot furnace, the iron melts, and runs through the grate in a fluid governed by a provoft, 3 bailies, dean ftate, combined with the fulohur, of guild, treafurer, and 11 councilors; forming a fulphuret of iron. The old its revenue, exclusive of an extenlive, caftle of Sanquhar, at a fmall diftance but wild and uncultivated common, from the town, has been a building of. is about 50I. fterling per annnm. It confiderable extent and ftrength; and, joins with the burghs of Dumfries, about a mile from it is the houfe of Annan, Kirkcudbright, and Lochma- Elliock, noted as claiming the birth of ben, in electing a reprefentative to the admirable Crichton. 1111791, the parliament. The parifh of Sanquhar population was 2600 ; increafe 601 is of an irregular figure, extending a- fince 17 < r ,. bout 15 miles in length, and from 9 to SANSTING. VideSANDSTiNG. 10 in breadth. The general appearSark ; a' fmall river in Dumfriesance is rugged and mountainous, and fhire, which difcharges itfelf into the may be reckoned the higheft land in Solway Frith, about a mile from the the S. of Scotland, the furface rifrng place where the Ejk runs into that with a gradual flope from the S. to arm of the fea. the elevation of 3000 feet above the a fmall village in fea level. The hills are partly green, Dumfries-fhire, in the parifh of Grait-. and partly covered with heath, and ney, at the mouth of the river Sari, paftured with about 19,000 or 20,000 It has a good harbour, which admits fheep. The foil, at the foot of the veffels of 120 tons burden.
fire,

Prior to the year 17775 its chief trade confifted in the making of woollen ftockings for exportation, and was carried on to fuch an extent, that one perfon, for a number of years, fent to a fmgle houfe in Glafgow 48000 pairs of ftockings annually.. This manufacture received a great check from the American war ; but is ftill carried on, though to no great extent, the carpet manufactory having fupplied Sanquhar was erected into its place. a burgh of barony in 1484; " prior to which period," as the charter narrates, " it had been a burgh of the fame kind from time immemorial." At the inftarice of Robert Crichton Lord of Sanquhar, it was erected into a royalty in 1596, by King James VI. It is

woollen manu- variety of limeftone is confiderable fome approaches to the hardnefs of marble ; other fpecimens are foft, and of a bluifh colour, in plates, having the furface covered with petrified fhelis adhering to it, chiefly of the cockle

The argillaceous ftrata, which incumbent on the limeftone, exhibit many fpecimens of vegetable imprefhons and in the coal fhafts are found frequent fpecimens of petrified wood. There is one ftratum of coal, of a lingular kind, about 40 inches thick, of a clofe texture, which confpecies.

are

tains a confiderable quantity of fulburnt in a phur and iron.

When

common

SARKFOOT;

S
.

"G

A
a fmall

SCO
mountain, of which, at the bafe, the diameter is about 3 miles. Scarr ; a river in Dumfries- fh ire, which rifes on the borders of Ayrfhire and, after a courfe of about .25 miles through the parifhes of Penpont, Tynron and Kier, unites with the Nith near the church of Kier. SCOON, or SCONE ; a parifh in Perthfhire, of an irregular figure, approaching to a fquare of three miles, containing 4600 Scots acres, of which 3000 are under culture, 700 planted, 500 of commonty, and the remainder muir. It lies on the banks of the Toy, above Perth ; and the whole parifh has a beautiful appearance. The foil, near the river, is a rich ftrong clay; but in the other parts it is partly light and gravelly, and partly a rich loam. Beiides the village of Scone, there are feveral fmall villages, and a confiderable bleachfield at Stormontfield. The village of Scone lies nearly in the center of the pariih, about a mile N. of the town of Perth, on the E. bank of the Tay. It is noted for its palace, anciently the refidence of the Scottifh kings, the place of their coronation, and the fcene of many fplendid actions. Here formerly flood an abbey, founded by Alexander I. in the year 11 14, and dedicated by him to the Holy Trinity and St. Michael. It is faid to have been originally a feat of the Culdees, but was afterwards filled with monks of the order of St. Auguftine. It was, like the reft of the monaftic eftabliihments, burnt to the ground at the Reformation. Long before the foundation of this abbey, Scone appears to have been a place of note. Some writers call it the ancient capital of the Picts ; and it was certainly the chief feat of the Scottifh monarchs as early as the time of Kenneth II. In the church of the abbey was preferved the famous ftone, which was faid to have ferved Jacob as his pillow and was after!

town on SCARP ; one of the Harris ifles, is the Mainland of Shetland, lying on the a high conical rocky ifland; a folid
5. coaft, with an excellent harbour, in long. Near 6o 9' N. lat. and 31'

SCALLOWAY;

W.

it

is

the ancient caftle of Salloway,

by one of the Earls of Orkney. SCALPA; a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, lying in the found between the xfle of Sky and the Mainland about 5 miles long, and from 2 to 3 broad. The furface is rocky and barren. In
built
;

the higheft part of the ifland is a petrified rock of mofs, in which are a variety of (hells ; and in many of the high grounds are found great quantities of ihells, feveral feet under ground. a fmall ifland of the Orkneys, near the Mainland of Orkney. Scalpa Flow ; a large expanfe of water amongft the Orkney ifles, refembling a fmall Mediterranean, about 50 miles in circumference. It is fur-

SCALPA;

rounded by 1 3 different iflands, through which are feveral outlets to the Pentland Frith, and to the Atlantic and German oceans. In time of war it is
the
great

thoroughfare

for

veflels

coming north about ; and it abounds with numerous fafe road-fteads and
harbours for
veffels of the largeft fize. principal entrance from the E. is through Holme Sound, and from the

The

W.
its

through Hoymautb. The tide, at entrance into Scalpa Flow, is remarkably rapid ; but it foon fubfides,

and becomes fcarcely perceptible. SCALPAY; one of the Harris ifles.

is a low, heath-covered ifland, much interfered by arms of the fea jutting through it in various directions its extreme points may be about 3 miles On the eaftern extremity, a diftant. light-houfe was eredtcd in 1788 ; and near its weftern extremity are two of the belt harbours in the Hebrides. Scarabine; a mountain in Caithness, in the parifh of Latheron. SCARBA, or SKARBA ; a fmall ifland of the Hebrides belonging to Argyllfhire, and the diftridt of Jura and Colon/ay, lying at the N. end of the ifland of Jura. In the found between them, lies the much dreaded Coryvrechan, or Gulf of Breacan, the Scylla and Charybdis of the navigators of the weftern leas. Scarba is about 3 miles long, and nearly as broad, exceedingly rugged and mountainous, and contains 14 families, or <o inha-

It

wards tranfported to Spain, where it was ufed as a feat of juftice by GeIt thalus, a cotemporary of Mofes afterwards found its way to the palace of Dunftaffnage, and continued
!

there as the coronation chair of the Pictifh kings, until Kenneth II. re-r

moved

it

to Scone, where

it

was

ufe<$

bitants,

SCO
as the coronation feat of every Scot- a
tiih

SCO
fmall
Boot-bill,

year 1296, when Edward I. carried it to England ; and it continues one of the appendages to royalty in Weftminfter abbey. The following prophetic diftich is faid to have been the caufe of its removal,, and to have reconciled many of the Scottifh bigots to the

eminence, commonly called and by many writers omnis term tumulus, " the mount of every man's land." The common tradition concerning this eminence is, that at the coronation of a king, every man who affifted brought fo much earth ia his boots, that each perfon could fee the king crowned itanding upon -his own land ; and that, after the cereUnion mony, they caft the earth out of their Ni fallnt fatum, Scoti, quocunque loca- boots upon this hill, on which account tum, it received the name of omnis tetra. Iwvenient lapidem, regtiare tenentur ibi- Another tradition aicribes its formadem* tion to Kenneth, who, from this place promulgated his edicts, called the TJnlefs old prophecies and wierds are vain, Macalpine laws; and, it is probable Where'er this ftone is found, the Scots that Boot-hill is a corruption of Motefliall reign. hill, " the hill of meeting." In the And the prediction was confidered as Gaelic it is named Tom-a-mhoid, " the 3 verified when James VI. afcended the hill where jufliee is adminiftered.' Englifh throne. It is not certain whe- Upon this hill was erected a fine pather the prefent palace, which is a feat rifli church, now taken down, except of the Earl of Mansfield, as Lord Vif- the aifle, which is ufed as the burycount Stormont, ftands on the foun- ing-place of the family, and contains dation of the former palace ; though, a fine marble monument to David from the following lines in Adamfon's firft Vifcount Stormont, and an lira ** Mufes Threnodie,"'and other circum- of white marble of beautiful workmanfhip, containing the embalmed ftances, it is probable it does. heart of Lady Stormont, firft wife of tc And as we talk'd, our barge did fweetly the Earl of Mansfield. The village of pafs Scone is regularly built, having two By Scone's fair palace, fometime abbey broad ftreets with bye -lanes, and conwas." taining 446 inhabitants. Befides the It is pleafantly fituated on an exten- palace and other antiquities connectiive lawn, Hoping gently to the Taj, ed with it, this pariih exhibits feveral remains of encampments and military and furrounded by fine plantations ftations. In 1795, the population was it is in the ftyle of building which prevailed about two centuries ago, 1442 ; increafe 553 fince 1755. SCOONIE ; a pariih in Fifelhlre, and which is more remarkable for its ftrength than elegance ; it is built a- otherwife called Leven, from the

monarch,

till

the

'

round two courts, and contains many principal

fpacious apartments: the dining-room is large and handfome, with a magnificent chimney-piece with the royal arms ; and beneath, thofe of the family of Stormont with this motto,
'

village,

which

is

fituated at

the

mouth of

Nobis hcec i?zi'i3a, miferunt centum fex proavi.

pariih is to S., and 2 in breadth ; bounded ou the S. by the Frith df Forth, from which the furface rifes gently to the northern extremity. The greater part of the parim is enclofed with hedgerows and ditches : there are no hills,

the river Leven. The about 5 miles long from N

In the drawing-room is fome good old tapeftry, with an excellent figure of Mercury ; in one of the bed-rooms is a fcripture-piece in needle-work, the production of Queen Mary during her confinement in Loch Lcven-cajlle. The gallery is 155 feet long, and 18 broad; with the cieling arched, and covered with paintings in water colours. Afeout 70 yards N. of the palace, is

but feveral fwells and riling grounds, which, with belts and clumps of plant-

compote a finely variegated landfcape. Of the whole pariih about 10 acres only are unarable, and the foil vai-ies according to the diftance from the Frith, from a dry fharp foil to a The only rich heavy loam or clay.
ing,
feats

are
:

Chriflie

Diirie, belonging to Mr. and Kilmaux, the refidence

SEL
f Mr. Tullidelph
;

SEL

both of which are which was ftocked by great herds of delightfully fituated, and command an red and fallow deer, kept by the exteniive profpeL There are fevei-al Scottifli princes for the chafe, who rich teams of coal, too of which are had houfes for themfelves and their wrought at prefent. The village of train in different parts of the country. Leven contained, in 1793, about 1165 The wood is now almoft entirely cut inhabitants ; and the total population down, and the country is ftocked with of the pariih in that year was 1675 ; great flocks of fheep. The country is mountainous, and interfedted by being an increafe of 147 mice 1755. Scrape ; a high hill in the county numerous ftreams, on the banks of f Peebles, and pariih. of Manor, ele- which, thofe plantive airs were produced, the natural iimplicity of which vated 2800 feet above the fea leveL Seam m ada le -(Loch); a fmall is the pride of the Scots, and the lake in Argyllfhire, in the pariih of admiration of ftrangers. Befides the Kiiuinver, about a mile and an half Tweed, it is watered by the Etterick long, and a mile broad, giving rife to and Yarrow, two paftoral ftreams, the fmall river Eucbar, which falls into more celebrated in poetic lays than any of their fize in Scotland. For the found of Mull. O ; a fiihing village in feveral miles above the junction of SEA Rofs-fhire, on the coaft of the Moray the Etterick with the Tweed, the It contains 380 inhabitants, banks of the latter river are covered Frith. and is the property of Sir Roderick with wood, the remains of the great

Mackenzie of Scatwell.
S E I L one of the Hebrides, belonging to Argyllfhire. It is about 3 miles long, and 2 broad, feparated from the Mainland by a narrow ftrait, over which a bridge is thrown. The ifland is in general flat, but pofleffes 2 few eminences, from the tops of which is a pleafant view of the many iflands fcattered over the ocean, and the diftant mountains of Jura and Mull. The greater part of the ifland confifts of ftrutiiied rocks of micaceous
;

foreft ; the Yarrow, alfo, before its junction with the Etterick, exhibits a bold and ftriking afpect ; its native woods ftill remain, through which the ftream has cut its turbid courfe deeply gulfed arnidft its rugged and rocky banks. Here, certainly, in a flood, flood the defcriptive Thomfon, when he law it

"

Work

and

boil,

and foam, and thunder

through."

Jchijlus

and

ardefia

bafaltic veins are

very frequent, traverfmg both kinds of ftrata ; and, when the ftratiiied matter is waihed away, or has fallen down by decompofition, the vertical veins appear like bafaltic crags or perpendicular primary ftrata. There are alfo veins of quartz, and fmall quantities of iron pyrites. Some quar- native groves, which are preparing for But, to reftore this ries of (late are wrought; but the their reception. principal attention is turned to the country to its former ftate of refpecquarries in the neighbouring ifland of tability, as well as beauty, it muff be Eafdale, which are far more valuable. indebted to the proprietors of the foil, Mr. Campbell, the proprietor, refides not only for reftoring the woods, but
alio

Upon a peninfula cut out by the furrounding ftream, in the middle of this fantaftically wild fcene of grandeur and of beauty, ftands the ruinous cattle of Newark, the fuppofed birthplace of Mary Scot, the flower of Yarrow. Many plantations have been lately made out, which will probably again induce the mufes to revifit their

on the

ifland.
is

SELKIRKSHIRE

of an irregular

figure, extending 20 miles in length, and 10 at its greateft breadth ; bound-

ed on the N. by Peebles-fhire; on the E. by Berwickshire ; on the S. E. and S. by Roxburghshire ; on the S. W. by Dumfries-fhire ; and on the W. by Peebles. This county was formerly

named ihejberi/fdom of Etterick forejl, being covered With anextenflve wood, country which was once the nurfe $f

which the impopractice of adding farm to farm has compelled to leave their native homes. It is painful to fee one perfon rent a property, on which, in former times, 100 inhabitants were reared to the ftate, and found a comIt adds to the fortable fubfiftence. bleaknefs of the fcene, to fee a fevr ihepherds ftrolling over the face of a
alfo the inhabitants,
litic

SEL
"

HA

hetocs, who were juftly Accounted the bulwark of their native foil, being ever ready to brave danger in its deOf this we have a memorable fence. proof in the pathetic lamentations of
their wives and daughters, after the difaftrous battle of Flowden ;

valour cf the citizens, however, fo ex* afperated the Englifh, that they reduced their defencelefs town to afhes j

but their grateful fovereign, James V.

fhewed

his fenfe of their fervices

by

"

Where their brave wed away."

contains

foreflers

were

a'

Selkirkfhire

towns,

viz.
;

Selkirk, which is a royal borough and Galashiels. In the divifion of

parochial diftricts, it is very irregular, only % parifhes lying entirely within its bounds ; while 5 or 6 lie partly in it, and partly in the neighbouring
fhires
:

its

population

is

thei-efore

not

fo eafily calculated from the returns made to Sir John Sinclair: it is, however, computed to contain about 4368 inhabitants, and that its population

a grant of an extenfive track of Etterick foreft, the trees for building their houfes, and the property as a reward of their heroifm. Selkirk is a royal borough, uniting with Lanark, Linlithgow, and Peebles, in fending a member to parliament; it is governed by z bailies, a dean of guild, treafurer, and 10 counfellors ; the revenue of the town is upwards of 250!. fterling per annum : it contains about 1000 The extent of the painhabitants. rifh is about a fquare of 10 miles, and it lies partly in Selkirk, and partly in

Roxburghfhires.

It

is

moftly hilly,

and much better adapted for pafturage than tillage. The higheft hills are Peatlawy and Three Brethren ; the former elevated 1964, and the latter 1978 feet above the level of the fea. The number of fheep is computed to be 22,000 ; of horfes 265 ; and of black cattle 735. Befides Newarkcaftle, mentioned in the account of Selkirkfhire, there is an elegant man(ion at Raining, about a mile from the town, the feat of the Pringles, one of

has varied very little fince 1 755. There are many agreeable feats, belonging chiefly to the families of Ker, Scott, and Pringle. The valued rent of the

county

is

the real land

80,3071. 15s. 6d. Scots, and rent is eftimated at

36,320!. fterling.

SELKIRK ; a foyal borough, and county town of that diftrict of Tweeddale to which it gives its name, is pleafantly tituated on a riling ground, on the banks of the Etterick, commanding an extenfive profpect in every direction. The town is but poorly built, and does not convey an idea of its former importance it is well iituated for the eftabliiliment of a woollen manufactory ; but, as yet, little has been attempted in that line. The citizens
:

whom, Andrew Lord Alemoor, was

a
fcholar.

diftinguifhed judge and eminent Selkirk gives title of Earl to a branch of the family of Douglas.

The

population
9-?

in

1792, was 1700

decreafe

SELLAY;

fince 1755, a fmall ifland of the

He-

brides, in the diftrict of Harris,

of this burgh, like the other inhabitants of the fheriffdom of Etterick foreft, rendered themfelves famous by adhering to the fortune of their fovereign James IV. Of 100 citizens, who followed that monarch to the plains of Flowden, a few returned loaded with fpoils taken from the Englifh. Of the trophies of that day, there yet remains in the poffeffion of the corporation of weavers, a ftandard taken by a member of that body. It may alio be mentioned, that the fword of William Brydone, the townclerk, who led the citizens to the battle, and was knighted for his valour, ftill remains in the poflefiion of John Brydone, a citizen of Selkirk, his lineal defeendent. The dtfperste

It is 2 miles N. from Pabbay. a mile in circumference, and yields excellent pafture for fheep.

about about

SETON,

or

PORT-SETON;
in

fea port village

Haddingtonfhire.

Vide Port-Slton.

SHAINT, or ISLES; three fmall iflands of the Hebrides, lying in the channel betwixt the ifles of Lewis and Sky, and in the diftritft of the former. One is called Uaan Moair, or St. Mary's ifland, and has a chapel on it, which was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Thefe ifies are famous for pafturing fheep and black cattle. One family reiid.es on the largeft of them, for the purpofe of tending the
i

HOLY

le.

SHAPINSHAY
ney
ifiandsj

one of the Ork%

about
3

miles

N. of

the

SHE
Mainland. It is about 7 miles long, forces under the command of the Earl and 5 broad ; fomewhat in the form of Marr. ofacrofs. Around the whole ifland SHETLAND, or

ZETLAND
lie

the fnores are low ; and, to a confiderable difLmce inland, pretty level, and covered with rich fields of grafs and corn. Towards the middle, the land is confiderably higher; and, as the hand of induftry has never feparated the turf from its native bed, nor the plough ever broken its furface fince the creation, it exhibits the appearance of a barren wafte, fit only for fheep pafture. The ftate of agriculture is wretched ; exhaufting the foil by alternate crops of oats and barley, and denying it the advantage of reft

ISLES
Scottifh

the northern divifion of the

Northern
Bergen
in

Isles,

about

15 leagues N. of the Orkneys. neareft part of the continent of

The

rope

is

EuNorway, from

which they lie 44 leagues W. The fouthern promontory of the Mainland lies in 59 59' of N. latitude, and the northern extremity of Unft, the moft remote of them all, in the latitude of 6i 15'. The meridian of London
panes through about 86
this laft ifiand.

The

ifiands belonging to this divifion are

in number; of which 40 are inhabited, and the others fmall holms or rocky ifiets, ufed only for pafturage. The principal inhabited ifiands are the Mainland, Yell, Unst,

Whalsay, Br ess ay, Bur ray, owing House, Trondray, Fetlar, Pato a Roman veffel, one of Agricola's pastour, Mickle and Little Rhoe, Skerries, Noss, &c. with ftiips, in his celebrated voyage round the ifiand of Britain, being here ftrand- the fmall ifiands of Fowla and Fair ed in a violent florin ; which report Isle, which lie in the ftrait between is rendered more probable from fome the clufters of Orkney and Shetland. Roman coins having been found lately Though thefe ifiands are generally near the place. There are feveral of deemed very inconfiderable, and have
eula,

or rummer fallow. The Jlanding-Jlone of Shapinfhay, and the black Jlone of Odin, are fuppofed to be the remains of the places of Scandinavian worfhip. fmall bay bears the name of Gru-

which

tradition reports

is

thofe fubterraneous habitations, called The harbour of Ehvick About is the only one of the ifiand. 120 tons of kelp are annually burnt on the mores. Jt forms a parochial diof itfelf, containing, in 1794, ftricl: 730 inhabitants; increafe 88 fince 1755. Shechallion, or Thichallin ; a mountain in Perthihire, in Rannoch. It rifes in a conical form, from a broad and circular bafe, to the height of 3564 feet. Although its fides are extremely barren, prefenting little to the eye, except folid rock, with fmall tufts of heath, Shechallion has acquired
Piers' houfes.

been much neglected, it is certain that they contain near three times as much land as the Orkneys, and are computed to be equal in extent to the provinces of Utrecht, Zealand, and all the Dutch provinces taken together. The climate in thefe ifiands is far from being agreeable, and yet they are by no means fo miferable habitations as they have been reprefented. The longeft day in the ifiand
of Unft is 19 hours and 15 minutes; and, of confequence, the fhorteft day 4 hours and 45 minutes. The lpring is late, the fummer is very fhort, and the autumn wet and foggy. The winter fets in about the end of Oclober, and lafts till April. During that feafon they have frequent ftorms, and almoft conftant rain ; but little froft or fnow. The fea fwells and rages in fuch a manner, that, for 5 or 6 months, their ports are inacceffible and, of courfe, during that fpace, the people have no communication with the reft of the world. In that gloomy feafon, however, they have the fame advantage as other countries in high northern latitudes, from the Jlurora Boreal'u, which affords a light nearly

great celebrity, from having been made choice of by Dr. Mafkelyne, aftronomer-royal at Greenwich, for afcertaining the power of mountains in attracting the pendulum, thereby eftafclifhing the Newtonian principle of
gravitation.

Sheriff Muir

a place in the
Perthihire,

parifh of Dumblane, in lying between the Ochil

and Gram-

pian mountains; the fcene of a bloody,

but indecifive

battle,

fometimes cal-

led the battle of Lumblane, fought in 1 715, between the royal army under the Duke of Argyll, and the rebel

SHE
equal to that of a
full

SHE
moon.

The

wild.

That

this defect, viz. the

want

coafts afford numerous bays and harbours for the veffels employed in the

of wood, does not arife entirely either from the foil or climate, appears from filheries ; and no part in the world is feveral late experiments ; fome genbetter adapted for the profecution of tlemen having raifed alh, maple, horfethat employment, though it has un- cheihuts, &c. in their gardens on the accountably been negle&ed by the Mainland. There is great plenty of The black Britifh nation, who have allowed the peat and turf for fuel. Dutch almoft. to monopolize that cattle in Shetland are in general of a branch in the Shetland ifles. That larger iize than in Orkney, owing to induftrious nation annually fit out a their more extenfive paftures. Their great number of buffes for the fifhery, horfes are very fmall, but ftout and which rendezvous in Brejfay Sound, well fhaped, live hardy, and to a great where, at one time, 300 fail belong- age their breed of fheep is alfo fmall, ing to Holland have been numbered. but exceedingly delicate, and affordThe inhabitants, indeed, export con- ing excellent wool. They have few siderable quantities of dry fifh, but goats, no hares or foxes, and in geby no means to the extent they might. neral few wild or ravenous creatures The greater part of the coafts is high of any kind, except rats and mice, and rocky ; but many of the bays are which are found on a few of the iflands. Though there is great abundflat and fandy, affording fafe anchorage, and abounding with fhell fifh. ance of heath, there are no muirfowl; They have alfo great numbers of ot- but the freih water lakes abound with ters and feals ; add to thefe fponges, many forts of water fowl, particularly ambergrize, amber, &c. mentioned the dunter-goofe, claik-goofe, folanunder the article Orkney, the fpoils goofe, fwans, ducks, teal, whaps, foifts, of the ocean, which are found upon layers, kitti-weaks, gulls, cormorants, their coafts. The foil in the interior &c. Eagles, hawks, ravens, crows, parts of the larger iflands, for the and other land birds abound, partimoft part, is muirifh and boggy, with cularly the firft ; infomuch, that every high mountains, fo as to render the perfon that kills an eagle, is entitled furface almoft impaffable. Near the to a crown from the commiflioners coaft, there are fometimes, for miles of fupply of the ftewartry. All the together, pleafant fiat fpots, very fer- iflands are well fupplied with water. tile, both in pafture and corn. The They have indeed no rivers; but many hilly diftricl produces large crops of pleafant rills or rivulets, which are nutritive grafs, not only fufficient for fufficient to drive their corn mills, and the fummer, but alfo for hay through contain a few trout and falmon. The the winter. They might eafily bring property in Shetland is divided in the more of their country into cultivation; three divifions of crown lands, kirk but from the fifhery, and the indolent lands, and udal lands ; holding by the habits which they indulge, with the fame tenures as- in Orkney, (which little neceffity they feel for having re fee.) The inhabitants are a ftout, ;ourfe to hufbandry for fubfiftence, well made, comely people ; moftly of they are content to let at leaft two a fwarthy complexion. They are a parts out of three of their land remain hardy, robuft, and laborious race, and Their fields are hofpitable to ftrangers : they marry in a ftate of nature. pretty fertile, even under the worft very early ; and a bachelor is confipractice of hufbandry. The hills a- dered as a lingular phenomenon: they bound with medicinal herbs, and their delve their little farms with the fpade, kitchen gardens are faid to thrive bet- and have no need of any confiderable ter than thofe of the Orkneys. They ftock to begin life ; all that is required have few trees, and hardly any fhrubs, being a cow, a fmall hut, a pot, fifhexcept juniper; but, it is probable ing tackle, and a rug or blanket. that their country was formerly over- Though their crops of barley and oats grown with woods, as roots of large cannot, with the ftri&eft economy, trees have been, and ftill are dug up maintain their families above 7 or 8 jn every part ; and in fome, and thole months in the year, yet, by the natoo, almoft inacceffible places, the tural advantages which they enjoy, Tnountain-afh is ftill found, growing their abundance of fuel, and immenfc
:
1

.vHa

SHE
quantities of
fifh,

SHE
live

they

fully as

ftitute,

and other magiftrates, for the

with

comfortably as the generality of the peafants in Scotland. Though the face of the Shetland ifies exhibits a very rude appearance, as Buchannan fays, *' adeofera, lit nullum animal, nifi illic natum ferai" yet improvements in agriculture are not by any means impracticable ; and, were due attention and encouragement given, there is no queftion but this country might produce corn fufficient for its inhabitants. But the {iihing engages their attention, ana the people being poor, and without the benefit of leafes, it is not to

adminiftration of juftice, as well as a

cuftomhoufe,

proper

officers.

their great intercourfe with the Dutch fifherrnen, moft of the inhabitants fpeak the Dutch language

From

with as

much

fluency as the Englifh.

There are two towns, viz. Lerwick and Scalloway ; the latter containing only about 100 inhabitants, is, however, by far the moft ancient. Near
Lerwick
is

a fmall fort and barracks,

named Fort Charlotte, garrifoned by a company of invalids. The whole didivided into 12 parochial dicontaining, by the returns made to Sir John Sinclair, in 1790-8, 20,186 inhabitants ; increafe 4976 lince 1755. It has been a matter of great difpute from whence the firft inhabitants of thefe iflands came it is the general opinion that they were firft inhabited by the Norwegians ; but it feems more probable that the Pidts were the firft fettlers. This opinion is adopted by the rev. Mr. James Gordon, for the following reafons. ift, have no account in ancient hiftory, that the Danes were in pofleffion of this country prior to the year 850. About that time Kenneth II. King of the Scots, gave the Pidts fuch a total defeat, that they never by themfelves adventured to engage with the Scots
ftrict is

be fuppofed that any remarkable exertions will take place among them in cultivating the ground. But they are much more i'uccefsfulin the management of their pafture grounds, which are enclofed, kept in good order, and fuppiy them with excellent beef, while

ftrieLs

'

the commons fuppiy them with mutProvifions are proportionably ton. cheaper here than in Orkney. Beef, 2-d. per lb. ; a iheep between 3 and 5 years old, from 4s. to 6s. a pig ready for the fpit, 1 s.6d.; a chicken, 3d.; butter from 4CL to 6d. per lb. ; eggs, 2d. per dozen ; a hen jd. and 6d., &c. 1 hey pay their rents generally one half butter, at Lammas ; and the pther half in money, at Martinmas. As to the manufactures, they make a poarfe cloth tor their own ufe, and a littk linen t! ey likewife export great dockings, wrought numbei sofp; fome of the pairs or thei) owi v. uoi of which are fo fine, as to be equal in Their chief trade is price with 61k. to Leith, London, and Hamburgh, but they alio deal extensively by barter with the Dutch filhermen, who vifit their iflands. Freeftone and limethere are confiftone are abundant derabk quantities of marl, and feveNo mines ral quarries of good flate. have been hitherto wrought ; though in many places there are vifible appearances of metals, particularly of On iron, copper. Lad, and filver. etlar there are feveral inthe L. oi dications p: [ pper, and a rich bogore 01 iron-. Frsim iome of the fmaller
;

We

in battle thereafter

but were com-

to the northward, as is recorded by Bede, Boethius, and other ancient hiftorians. 2nd, the Frith that feparates Caithnefs from Orkney, is fometimes called the PiSland Frith, from a number of the Picls being drowned in their paffage over to Orkney, in order that they might efcape from the fury of the Scots. As the number of the Pidts who landed in
pelled to
fly

Orkney could not be accommodated

that country, they fet fail again for the next fpot of land which was in their view, which could be no other than the ifland of Fonula ; but, upon their near approach to that ifland, they were much at a lofs what courfe they fhould next take. Some of them are faid to have obferved a thicknefs and mift lying directly to the N. E. of Fowla, and accordingly fleered their courfe towards it, and to their great joy difcovered Shetland; upon which the one who firft obferved it, cried out in raptures, Zetland, i. e. " these
in

if]
-

ds

a green

beautiful fpecimens of jafper, and black colour, have been

as:

ght:
1

rock cryftals, garnets, &c. The Scots laws, ns, manners, drefs, and language ilj and they have a fherift-fubalfo
Ibefios,

SHE
yet land, and we fliall be fafe." origin of the name, it being common with the Saxons to ufe Z in in their language. The Head of Picts, upon their landing in this new country, erected a number of fmall
is

HO
in

Shetland unites with Orkney

form-

Hence the

ing a ftewartry, which fends one ber to parliament.

;

mem-

deenfhire,
its

Shf.vock a fmall rivulet of Aberwhich joins the Gadie near

confluence -with the Ury.

the weftern fea -at Cajlle-Tioram, by the river ShieL Shin (Loch) ; a lake in the county of Sutherland, about 20 miles long, and from 1 to 2 broad ; the banks of they had been lately expelled. Their which, efpecially on the S. fide, are requeft was readily complied with by covered with natural wood ; the prothe warlike Harold King of Norway, perty of Mr. Monro of Pointxfield. It who warmly efpoufed their caufe; and, difcharges itfelf, at its eaftern extreaccordingly, a powerful fleet was fent mity, by the river Shin ; which, after to fea without delay, and they landed a courfe of 6 or 8 miles, during which on the ifland of Fetlar ; but, as Harold it forms feveral great cafcades, falls could not there procure fafe anchorage into the head of the Frith of Dornoch, for his fleet, he failed to the ifland of at a fmall village called In*uerjhin. Unit, to a bay which ftili retains his Shinnel ; a romantic and pictuname, being called Harold's Week ; refque ftream in Dumfries- fhire, in the and the tradition of the country is pariih of Penpont, which joins its handed down, that it was from this waters to the Scarr. At the point of circumftance it acquired its name. their union, there is a remarbable Harold remained there with his fleet, ridge of precipitous rocks, over which the Shinnel ruffles with the greateft till he had collected all the Picts in Scotland capable of bearing arms, and imp'etuolity. Shira ; a fmall river in Argyllshire, then he fet fail for the coafts of Sutherland and Caithnefs. Of both thefe which rifes in the mountains behind countries he made an eafy conqueft ; Inveraray ; and, after forming a fmall and they became tributary to the deep lake, called Loch Dubb, falls into crown of Norway, till the end of the Loch Fyne near the town of Inveraray. 12th century ; at which time William It is named, from its placid appearance, the Lion King of Scots overthrew the Sio-reidh, i. e. " always frr.ooth"; eviNorwegians, and annexed the two dently contrafted with the Aray or Aocounties to the Scottifh crown. This reidh, which implied " never fmooth." was the firft time that we read of any The Shira gives name of Glenfhira to Danes or Norwegians being in Shet- the diftrict through which it runs. land. The Picts, now fruftrated in Shochie; a fmall river in Perth their expectation of regaining their loft fliire, rifing in the parifh of Monedie, country, were reduced to the difagree- and falling into the Tay at Loncarty, able neceffity of returning to Orkney in the parifh of E.edgorton. and Shetland again ; and a number of SHOTTS; a pariih in Lanarkfhire, Danifh adventurers took up their a- fituated in the N. E. corner of the bode amongft them, and made inter- county. It is of considerable extent, marriages with them ; after which, being of a rectangular form, 10 miles the inhabitants were fubject to the in length by 7 in breadth. The furDanes, till they were finally ceded to face is in general level, having feveral the crown of Scotland, in lieu of hills of confiderable elevation on its dowry, when the Princefs of Norway eaftern border ; particularly the Hirft, was married to King James VI. (as the Tilling, and the Cant hills, from pentionedunderthearticleORKNEyj; the fummits of which the profpect is
,

afterwards Brought, upon which they lighted fires as fignals cf an approaching enemy ; and fo contrived, that the whole of Shetland might be apprized of danger in lefs than an hour. Having now fecured themfelves in the beft manner they could in thefe ifiands, till then uninhabited, they fent over ambafladors to the court of Norway, to folicit aid againft the Caledonians, that they might regain the country from whence
eaftles, called

Shikl (Loch);
nefs-ihire,

a lake in Inver-

about 10 miles long, and 2 broad, lying in the pariih of Ardnamurchan. It has a fmall beautiful ifland, called Ifland Finn)?, on which are the ruins of a church, dedicated to St. Finan ; it difcharges itfelf into

SKE
I

SKI
J
i

mod extenfive. It is watered by the hood of the town of Moffat. Vide North and South Calders ; and the Moffat. Cramond and A-von have their fources SKENE; a parifh in Aberdeenin it. The foil is chiefly clay, with a mire, of an oval form, 6 miles long, mixture of loam on the banks of the and 3| broad, comprehending above rivers. Till of late the appearance 8000 iquare acres; 356 of which are was. bleak and barren ; but, by the arable, 1640 pafture ground, 5 34 mofs, exertions of fome of the proprietors, and the remainder black rnuir. The the greater part is enclofed, and be- general appearance is hilly and rocky; gining to affume a more fertile and and, though the foil is exceedingly vapleafant afpect. Coal and ironftone rious, both in point of quality and are abundant; andthelatter iswrought fertility, the moft predominant is that to a great extent at the Omoa iron of gravel. The loch of Skene is about ivorks, on the eftate of Col. Dalrym- a mile long, and fomewhat more than ple of Cleland, and on the eftate of \ of a mile broad ; it abounds with Mr. David Young of Little-Hahjhaw. pike and eel. There is a confiderable Gavin Hamilton, Efq. of Murdie- extent of plantation around the houfe Jlon, the well known hiftorical painter, of Skene, the elegant refldence of Geo. is a native of this parifh, and pofieffes Skene, Efq. About a mile from the a confiderable eftate in it. In 179?, church are evident traces of a rectanthe population was 2041 ; decreafe gular encampment ; and near thefe is a very large cairn. In 1792, the po281 fmce 1755. SHUNA ; a fmall ifland of Argyll- pulation was 1233 ; decreafe 18 fince fhire, which contains a quarry of ex1755.
|

cellent flate.

a fmall lake in the county of Caithness, which gives rife to the river Forfe.
;

Shuriry (Loch)

SlDLA,SlDLAW,OrSUDLAW HlLLS;
which extends in a dito E. through the counties of Perth and Angus, beginning at Kinnoul, and terminating near Brechin. This ridge forms the S. fide
a ridge of
rection
hills

from

W.

of the valley of Strathnwre, and' receives its name from that circumftance ; Sudlauis being the Gaelic name iorfovth hills. The mountains of the ridge are of various heights but the elevation of the moft remarkable, above the level of the fea, is as SKIPNESS; follows: Dunjinnane, io2^\iett; King's Seat, 1238 feet; Kinpurnie (on which Saddel and Skipness. is an obfcrvatory), 1151 feet; and SidSKIRLING ; a parifh in the county of Peebles, about i\ miles in length, law hill, 1406 feet. SIMPRIN; a parifh in Berwick- and nearly of the fame breadth ; confbire, united to that of Swinton in taining between 2000 and 3000 acres. 1 761 ; alfo a fmall village in that pa- The general appearance is uneven rilh. Vide Swinton. but none of the eminences deferve S k A G G 1 a. ; a fmall river in Perth- the name of hills, and they are all shire, which rifes in the parifh of covered with verdure to the fummit. Monzie, and joins the Erne near Crieff. The foil is in general light, and tolerably fertile ; but the crops, from the SKARBA. Vide Scare A. Skeen (Loch); a fmall lake in high fituation, are liable to be affected Dumfries-fhire, about 1100 yards long, by the frcft towards the end of fumand 400 broad, having a fmall ifland, mer. The village of Skirling is fituon which great numbers of eagles ated on the road from Edinburgh to breed. The waters iffuing from this Leadhills, and is noted for 4 great lake form a beautiful cafcade, called annual fairs. The caftle of Skirling the Cray mare's tail, in the neighbour- appears, from the veftiges of its walls^

SKERRIES, or ISLES ; three fmall iflands of Shetland, lying 15 miles N. E. from the ifle of Whalfay, and nearly 20 from the Mainland. In 1792, they contained 11 families, or 70 inhabitants. a name applied to certain low-lying rocky iilands, in different parts of the Northern and Weftern Ifles ; particularly Hell's S kerries, Pent l and Skerries,&c^ See thefe articles. Skiach (Loch); a fmall lake in Perthshire, in the parifh of Little Dunkeld; well ftored with excellent trout. a parifh in ArgyllShire, united to that of Saddel. Vide

SKERRY

SKERRIES;

Sky
to have been very extenfive, and ftrong-

KY
:

of the fame temperature : the air is ly fortified ; it is furrounded by a bog generally loaded with vapours ; and, or morafs, over which was a bridge of on an average, three days in twelve ftone. In 179I} the population was throughout the year are fcarcely free from rain, far lefs from clouds thefe, 234 ; decreafe 1 fifcce 1755. one of the mod attracted by the hills, fometimes break SKY, or ; confiderable of the Hebrides, belong- in ufeful and refrefhing fhowers ; at ing to the county of Itivernefs. Ac- other times, fuddenly burning, like a cording to Mr. Pennant, Dr. Johnfon, water fpout, pour down their conand Dr. Campbell, it is at lead 60 tents with tremendous noife, deluging miles long, and nearly the fame in the plains below, and often deftroying breadth where broadeft ; but, accord- the hopes of the hufbandman : the ing to others, its greateft length is 50 crops alfo fuffer by the ftormy winds, miles, and its greateft breadth not which fet in about the end of Auguft more than 40. It is feparated from and beginning of September. To this the Mainlaind of Scotland by a chan- variable temperature of the air, and nel about 3 leagues broad ; but, at uncertainty of the weather, the agues, the ferry of Glenelly, it is not more fevers, rheumatifms, pecloral affecthan half a mile from the nearer! part tions, and dyfenteries, the prevailing of Invernefs-ihire. The coafts are in diftempers, may be afcribed. That general bold and rocky, abounding the climate, however, is far from bewith many fafe and commodious bays, ing unhealthy, the long life of the inefpecially at the harbour of Omafay, habitants fufficiently teftifies. The foil in the parifh of Sleat, and the harbour is in general black and moffy, and betat the village of Portree. The coun- ter adapted for pafture than tillage; try is mountainous ; and fome of the though the latter might be advantagehills are fo high, as to be covered oufly followed, if leafes and proper with fnow on their tops, at mid-fum- encouragement were given to the temer : their fides are covered with nants. The cdfcroim, or crooked fpade, heath and grafs, which afford good is almoft the only utenfd ufed by the pafture for fheep and black cattle. common clafs of tenants in labouring Between the mountains are fome fer- the ground. The wild birds are comtile valleys ; and the greater part, to- mon to the other iflands of the Hewards the fea coaft, is plain and ara- brides; as wild geefe and ducks, gulls, ble, particularly in the parifh of Kil- cormorants, cranes, eagles, crows, ramuir, where the foil produces good vens, rooks, cuckoos, rails, woodcocks, crops. The ifland is well watered by muirfowl, partridges, plovers, wild a great number of rivers, abounding pigeons, &c. Sky has been long noted with trout and falmon. In the fmall for an excellent fmall breed of cattle ; rivers Kilmartin and Ord, is found and the number of fheep is very conthe great horfe mufcle (mytilus mar- fiderable. Of thefe, great numbers are garitifera , in which pearls are bred. annually fold at the two fairs of PorMr. Martin was informed by the pro- tree. Befides other reptiles, there are prietor of the Ord, that a pearl has three fpecies of ierpents common to been found in it valued at 20I. fter- this ifland: the firft fpotted black and ling. There are alfo a number of white, and very poifonous ; the fecond frefh water lakes, well ftored with yellow, with brown lpots ; and the trout and eel. The largeft of thefe third of a brown colour, the fmalleft lakes takes its denomination from St. and leaft poifonous. Whales and fun Columba, to whom is dedicated a fifh, called by the natives cearbari, are chapel, which ftands on a fmall ifland fometimes .caught in the bays; but in the midft of the lake. That this the principal attention is paid to the ifland, like moft of the other iflands white and herring fifheries. Some of of the Hebrides, has been formerly their bays contain fhell fifh in the covered with woods, appears from greateft abundance and variety. The the large trunks of fir and other trees people are ftrong, robuft, healthy, and daily, dug up in all the bogs and peat prolific: they, for the moft part, profnoffes in the country. From the fefs the Proteftant religion are hoheight of the hills, and its infular fi- neft, brave, and hofpitable they fpeak tuation, the air feldom continues Ions; the language, wear the habit, and ob-

SKYE

SLA
ferve the cufioms of the other inhabit-

SLE
the pni'eft white. The river" Ythat! falls into the fea at this parifh, form-* ing the boundary with the parifh of

ants of the Hebrides aridWeftern Highlands : they bring up their children in the hardieft manner, allowing them to run without fhoes or (lockings, till they are 8 or 10 yeai-s old : they live hardy themfelves, ufing no bed, except a layer of heath, with a coverlid of rug ipread over them. In Sky there are many ruins of Danifli forts,

F^veran ;' its mouth forms a tolerable harbour for fmall veffels. The furface is in general level, and the foil fertile and, except enclofures, agricultural improvements have been carried on with great diligence and acti;

watch-towers, beacons, temples, and

fepulchral monuments. are named duns; as Diin-Skudhorg, Dun-Derig, Dun-Sker'mefs, Dun-David, &c. Many valuable minerals have' been difcovered ; but none have been wrought to any advantage. In many places the hills exhibit marks of volcanic fire. In the parifh of Strath, limeftone and marl are abundant and there is fome marble of an infeNear the village of rior quality. Sleat are found marcafites of various kinds, and finely variegated pebbles. valley near Loch Fallart produces fine agates ; and many of the rivulets contain topazes, walhed down from the hills in mountain torrents. Rock cryftals, and other precious ftones,

chiefly owing to the great abundance of marl, limeftone gravel, All the forts and lliell land, with which the pariih
vity,

abounds. The only plantations are around Gordon-Lodge^ the elegant refidence of the Gordons of Pitlurg.

Upon

a peninfulated rock, the foot of which is wafhed by the fea, are the remains of the old caftle of SlahiSi

which was demolished in 1594 by King James VI. upon the rebellion of the Earl of Huntly it afterwards became the property of the Earls of Errol but, in 1791, it was difpofed of,
:

are alfo found, after heavy rains, among the debris, at the foot of the hills. The S. and W. coafts abound with corai, both red and white. The whole ifland belongs to two proprietors, viz. the

Laird of Macleod, and

Lord Macdonald.
vided into

The
;

ifland is di-

along with the other lands belonging the Ear! of Errol in this parifh, to Mr. Callander of Crichton ; whofe brother, Sir John Callander, now pofThere are the ruins of fefles them. a fmall chapel, of great antiquity, laid to have been built about the beginning of the 7th century, and dedicated to St. xldampmnan, the friend and In 1791* difciple of St. Columba. the population was 1117J decreafc 169 fince 1755. or St.

SLAMANNAN,
;

LAW-

tuated in the S. W. corner of the county. It is about 5 miles long, and from 3 to 4 broad, lying on the banks creafe 3218 fince 1755. Skurr-Choinich, and Skurr- of the A-von. Near this river the foil Dkonuil ; two mountains in Argyll- is light and fertile ; but, at a fmall diftance, it becomes a ftrong clay, and shire, in the pariih of Ardnamurchan the former elevated 2364 feet, and the gradually degenerates into a muiry or mofiy cold foil, upon which the latter 2730 feet above the fea level. SLAIN3; a parifh in Aberdeen - crops rarely come to perfection. Befhire, on the fea coaft of Buchan, of fules feveral caftles, there were 2 conia triangular figure, about 5 miles long, cal artificial mounts, fimilar to thofe and broad. The extent of fea coaft at Dunk ace ; but one was lately letwo thirds of which velled, and the church of St. Lawrence is about 6 miles Jtn 1792, the popuare rocky, and the other fandy. The erected upon it. rocks are in general high, and indent- lation was 1010; decreafc 199 liner ed with immenie chaifns, and exca- 1755a pariih in Invernefsvated in many places to a great extent. One of thefe caves is upwards fhire, in the ifland of Sky, 17 miles of 200 feet long and another of them, long, and from 1 to $\ broad. The well known by the name of the Drop- two extremities are hilly, and adapted ping Cave, or the White Cave of Slains, for pafture ; and the middle, for about is a great curiofity ; every part is co- 5 miles, is arable, with a deep clay vered with ftaladtical incrullations, of foil. On the W. fide there are 3 con;
;,

containing, in 1790-8, by the returns made to Sir John Sinclair, 14,470 inhabitants ; in7 parifhes

RENCE

a pariih in Stirling'fhire,

ii-

SLEAT;

SNI

SOL

fiderable copfes of natural wood, the which ftretches from the weftern coaft only remains of the extenfive foreft, of the ifland nearly 14 miles in a S. E. which almoft covered the illand of direction, and is nairovv and fhallow,

Sky. There is an excellent harbour, with frequent funk rocks. The gewhich receives its name, IJlc Ornafay, neral appearance is hilly and mounfrom a fmall iflet which covers it- Be- tainous; but the fea coaft, and fome lides feveral Danifh forts, there are 2 of the glens, afford fome pretty ex-* old caftles, viz. Dunjkaicb and V Cha- tenfive arable fields." The foil is vamuis } the former of which is cele- rious but a gravelly loam, on a cold brated in the poems of Gffian. In clay, is moft prevalent. There are 1794, the population was 1788; in- 7 or 8 confiderable fcreams, which af;

creafe 538 ilnce 1755.

a lake in Sutherlandihire, noted for its excellent

Sleital (Loch);

red trout. Sli abh-gavil ; a mountain in Argyllfhire, in the diftrid of Knapdale.

Slittrck; a fmall river in Roxburghfhire, which unites with the Teviot at the town of Hawick. a parifli in the county of Roxburgh, of an irregular triangular form, the length of which from E. to W. is about 4 miles, and from N. to S. about 3. The furface exhibits an agreeable variety of high and low grounds ; and the foil is eqnally various, but in general with a mixture of clay, highly fufceptible of Of cultivation, and tolerably fertile. late, a confiderable part has been en-

SMALLHOLM;

clofed.

The

village of

Smallhohn

is

on the turnpike road from Edinburgh to Kelfo, about 4 miles from the latter. At the S. W. corner
fituated

of the parifli is a large fquare tower, belonging to Mr. Scott of Harden, which is called Smallkolm Tonver, or Sandy Know ; and, as it is fituated on a confiderable eminence, it forms a confpicuous land-mark at fea, to diIn 1791, the rect veffels to Berwick. population was 421 ; decreale 130 fince 1755. SMALL ISLES ; a parifh of the Hebrides, comprehending the iflands
of

Eigg, Rum, Canna, and

Muck

of which Eigg is politically annexed to the county of Invernefs, and the other three belong to that of Argyll (fee the account of each ifland in the order of the alphabet.) In 1792, the population of the parifh of Small Hies was 1339; increafe 396 fince 1755.
a pariih in Invernefsfhire, in the ifle of Sky, about 18 miles long, and 9 broad, of an irregular figure, the W. part being interfered by an .arm of the fea, called Loch Snjzort,

SNIZORT;

ford falmon. The moft confiderable of thefe is the water of Snizort, which, about a quarter of a mile before it falls into the ocean, forms a fmall ifland, on which are the ruins of an old cathedral, formerly the metropolitan church of the ifle of Sky. There are feveral cairns, tumuli, and druidical temples ; but the greateft curiofity is a natural obelifk or perpendicular ftone, of uncommon height and magnitude ; being 360 feet in circuit at the bafe, and gradually tapering to a fliort point, which is calculated to be 300 feet of altitude from the bafe. In 1793, the population was 1808; increafe 181 fince 1755. SOA; a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, about a mile in circumference, lying near the remote ifland of St. Kilda. SO-AY; a fmall pafture ifland on the coaft of Sutherlandihire, near the entrance of Loch In<ver harbour, in the parifli of Affint. Solway Frith, or Boonefs Wath a navigable arm of the fea, which extends eaftward from the Irifh fea, forming the boundary between England and Scotland for upwards of 50 miles. The fhore, particularly on the Scottifh coaft, is flat and fandy, with a few funk rocks ; but almoft every part affords fafe landing-places for The Frith is navigable fmall veffels. for veffels of 100 tons burthen within 6 miles of its extremity ; but the fea is gradually retiring from the land, fo that many places are now covered with verdure, over which, even in the memory of thofe alive, the tide was wont The tides are very regular ; to flow. fpring tides riling 20 feet above low water mark, and ordinary tides about confiderable number of 10 or 12. rivers pour into this arm ..of the fea, particularly on the Scottifh lide, where it receives the Southern Dee, the Urr, the Nith, the Annan, and the Kirtle while the Sark, the EJk, and the L'uidal

'

SOL
Hinting form its eaftern extremity. It contains various kinds of fiih ; and the fiiliings, efpecialiy of falmon, are very conliderable, and merit a particular detail, from the lingular modes of timing which are adopted. There are fourmcdes. ift, VJith leiflers, a kind of four- pronged fork, with the prongs turned a little to one fide, having a fhaft from 20 to 24 feet long : thefe they run along the land on their edge,

SOR
a parifh in Wigtonfrmr* lying on the coaft of the bay of Wigton. It extends about 6 miles in length, and at its broadeft part is nearly the fame extent ; but its average breadth
;

SORBIE

is

not more than 2 miles. There is' upwards of 12 miles of fea coaft, in-

or throw them when they fee any fiih this manner' they kill or wound great quantities. Some of the people are very dexterous at this exercife infomuch, that, according to Mr. Pennant, they will, on horfeback, at full gallop, throw a leifter, and kill at a great diftance. 2nd, By haai&ng or hauling; that is, by ftanding fir the current of the tide with fmall hand nets. 3d, By fixing fmall pock nets to ftakes in the currents. Thefe nets are made with wide rnefhes, and the fiih coming rapidly down with the ftream, inftantly run their heads into tfee mefhes, from whence they are unable to difengage themfelves. The other method is the common net with boats, ufed in other parts for catching falmon. By thefe methods great quantities of fifti are taken, which are either fold in the neighbourhood, or fent pickled to London and other places. Befides the common fea productions, the coaft of this arm of the fea affords the water polypus or fea flower, which feems to be the link that connects the animal and vegetable fyftems. The form of thefe
in
'

and pleafantly diverfified, refembling the fun flower, the poppy, and the hundred-leaved rofe, of various colours. Although poffeffed of no locomotive power, they feem to
polypi
is

elegant,

partake of the nature of an animal, from their manner of catching the worms upon which they feed. See Encyclopedia Britannica, article Anian extenfive mohead of the Solway Frith ; which, when the rivers were fwollen with rain, burft out on the 13th November 1771, and covered a great extent of the neighbouring country. Solway mofs is alfo remarkable for a fhameful defeat, of the Scottifh army by a fmall' party of Englilh, on 23d Nov. 1540, the grief for which brought King James V. to
;

mal Flower.. Solway Moss

rafs near the river Eflk, at the

cluding the bays. The headlands are Crugleton and Eagernefs ; and the chief bays are Garlieflmwn and Rigg, with the ports of Allan, Whaple, and InnerThefe bays and ports are very well. convenient for (hipping, and well adapted for the profecution of the fifheries. The face of the country is" beautiful, being varied with little hills and plains, which are exceedingly fertile ; and, where untilled, covered with verdure, and affording excellent pafture for almoft innumerable flocks of fheep, and herds of cattle. The foil is not deep, but exceeding fine. The greater part is enclofed, and well fheltered by belts and clumps of planting. The great improvements in agriculture are chiefly owing to the exertions of the Earl of Galloway, who is the chief proprietor in the parifh, and refides in it the greater part of the year. There are two villages, viz. Garlieflown, at the foot of the bay of the fame name, and Sorbie, in which the church is fituated, and which laft contains about 100 inhabitants. Galloway-houfe, the refidenee of the Earl of Galloway, is a large and elegant building, commanding a delightful profpecl:, and furrounded with extenfive policies and plantations the rooms are alfo fpacious, and the library contains many thoufand volumes. There are the remains of two ftrong caftles, on the headlands of Crugleton and Eagernefs, which are called by the fame names : the former is the property of Sir Stair Agnew, Bart, of Lochnaw. In 1790, the population was 1069 increafe 101 fince 1755. SORN; a pariin in Ayrfhire, of nearly a fquare form, each fide of which is about 6\ miles long ; watered by the river Ayr, -whofe banks are fteep and bold, and clothed with naThe furface is elevated tural wood. on the E. fide, and defcends gradually
: ;

'

diverfified, however, by ; to the various inequalities in its furface the only conliderable hill is BIa ckflde-end, the altitude of which is between 1500 and 1600 feet. The parifh. contain?
:

W.

his grave.

sou
about 23,000 which 3000 are mofs, 7000 hill, muir, and pafture land, 200 covered with wood, and the remainder arable, though not all at prefeht under cultivation. The prevailing foil is a reddilh clay, with loam on the banks of the river. The village
acres, of

SPE
covered with black heath but, fince the introduction of iheep, the hills have affumed a more verdant appearance. Along the coaft are the remains of feveral Daniih forts; the moft remarkable of which is called Balemacumra, and is fituated on the promon1353 inhabit- tory of the Mull of Kintyre, near the
;

of Catrine, containing
ants,
is

fituated in this pariih;

(vide

place where the light-houfe

is

erected.

Catrin e.) There is alfo a fmall vil- The old caltle of Duna'verty is built lage named Dalgain, containing 192 on a pyramidal rock, one fide of which inhabitants. The principal places of prefents a dreadful precipice to the
refidence are Sorn-caJUe, the feat of Mr. Tennent ; GiUmillf croft, the feat of Mr. Gray ; and Auchmonnach, the The whole of feat of Mr. Campbell. the pariih abounds with coal, Hmeftone, and ironfione : there is alfo a vein of lead ; and, in a hill near BurntJhiel burn, there is a vein of cawk or fulphate of barytes, which promifes to point out lead ore. In 1797, the population was 2-779; increafe 1285 lince
fea.

It was one of the caftles of the Lords of the Ifles, and once afforded fhelter to King Robert Bruce during his adverfity. In 1647, this caftle underwent a fiege, when it was poffefied by Alexander McDonald, common-

ly called Alijier

M'Coll Kiitacb,

who

had

1755-

SOTA-BRITIL ; an ifland of the Hebrides, about 5 miles in circumference, lying about half a mile S. of the ifland of Sky. a pariih in Roxburghshire, about 12 miles long, and 7 broad ; lying on the banks of the Jed, and comprehending a part of the old parifh of Abbotrule. The furface and is hilly, adapted for pafture ; there are upwards of 17,000 fheep and 428 head of black cattle in the pariih. The extent of arable ground is fmall, and chiefly devoted to the railing of turnip, for the fupport of fheep during the winter. There are and the feveral quarries of freeitone limeftone rocks are inexhauftible. Like the reft of the border diftridts, this pariih affords many monuments of as camps, caftles, warlike antiquity and other fortifications. In 1793, the number of inhabitants was 714; increafe 2^4 fince 1755. a parifh in Argyllfhire, about 11 miles long, and 5 broad, lying at the extremity of the peninfula of Kintyre. The furface exhibits a beautiful and variegated profpect of hills of fmall elevation, and

SOUTHDEAN;

few Highlanders to affift the Marquis of Montroie during the civil wars. It was invefted by General Leflie; and, after the befieged had furrendered at difcretion, they were barbaroufly maflacred. Near to this rock is the ifland of Sanda ; and between them is a fine coral bank, which affords excellent manure. In 1792, the population was about 1300 ; decreafe
raifed a

91 fince 1755.

South Esk. Vide Esk (South).

SOUTH FERRY,
QUEENSFERRY.
I

or

SOUTH
Vide

Vide Queens-

ferry.

SOUTH RONALDSHAY.
Ronalds hay (South).

SOUTH UIST. Vide UisTf South). SOUTHWlCK; a 'parifh in the

ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, united to the parifh of Co l vend. Vide Col-

;'

vend and Southwick.

SOUTHEND

wick; a fmall river in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright; which rifes in the parifh of Colvend, and falls into the Solway Frith 2 miles E. of the seftuary of the river Urr. It is navigable for veffels of fmall burden 2 miles from its mouth. a pariih in Haddingtonfhire, united to that of Fala in

South

SOUTRA;

Mid-Lothian.

Vide Fala and Sou;

TRA.

the wefternmoft hill ridge, is elevated valleys in which are feveral fmall 1000 feet above the fea level. Upon ftreams of water, which, frequently it are the ruins of an hofpital, founded overflowing their banks, leave the ex- in 64 by Malcolm IV. King of Scottenfive haughs fertilized by the flime, land, " for the reception of pilgrims, and capable of producing any crop, and for poor and fickly people." The higher grounds were formerly! Speyj a large and rapid river, which
of the

Soutra Hill

Larnmermuir

3 I a

SPO
Badenoch, in Invernefs-fhire. few miles from its fource, fpread out to fuch an extent, as to become a fmall lake of the fame name ; from which, refuming the form of a river, it proceeds with great rapidity towards the E., till, reaching the vilrifes in

SPR
higher grounds are paftured by large flocks of fheep. The edges of Lam-

Its waters, a

mermuir are beautifully fkirted with natural wood, particularly oak and
Spott-honfe, the refidence of Robert Hay, Efq. is romantically fituated on a rock, in alow den, furrounded with beautiful pleafure grounds.

hazel.

lage of Rothes,

it

directs its courfe

into the Moray Frith at Gannach or Garmouth. The whole length of its courfe is about 90 miles ; but, following all its windings, its courfe cannot be lefs than 120 miles. It flows through the great fir woods of Glenmore and Strathfpey, great floats of which are fent down to the fea at Garmouth. To prevent the trees from being fhivered in paffing the great cataracts of the river, fmall canals have been cut out in the banks with a gentle flope, down which the wood is directed. It gives name to the Highland diftrict of Strathfpey, fa-

northward, and

falls

On

field

the borders of this parifh is the of the battle of Dunbar, between Oliver Cromwell, and the Scottifh
Lefiie.

army under General

The

pa-

rochial records contain the following extract, which ihews, fo late as the
tal effects

beginning of the 18th century, the faof fuperftition. " 03. 1705. Many witches burnt on the top of Spott Loan." The village of Spott

about 5 miles from Dunbar, and contains about 180 inhabitants. In 1791, the population of the parifh of Spott was 619; decreafe 108 fince
lies

1755-

and for giving SPRINGFIELD ; a new village in to a very ftriking and popular Dumfries-ihire, in the parifh of Graitfpecies of Scottifh mufic. ney, begun in 1791, on the eftate of SPEYMOUTH ; a parifh in Mo- Sir William Maxwell of Springkell. rayfhire, which derives its name from It is regularly built, with fine broad its local fituation, at the asftuary of ftreets, and brick houfes covered with the Spey. It is about d\ miles long, blue fiate it is fituated on a dry and on an average 1^ broad. The healthy foil, on the banks of the river furface is flat and level on the coaft Sari, on building leafes of 99 years ; but, about half a mile from the fea, it, in 1793, confuted of 40 houfes; the ground rifes fuddenly to another and, fince that time, it has greatly plain of greater extent, and at leaft increafed, owing to the many advan40 feet above the level of the former tages which it poffeffes with refpect plain. This level field is again termin- to its fituation. Both coal and lime ated by a hill of confiderable elevation. are plenty, at a fmall diftance : the The foil, for the moft part, is light river Sark is well adapted for the eand the fea and fertile ; but agriculture cannot be rection of machinery faid to be in a ftate of great improve- port town of Sarkfoot is not above a ment. About 300 acres are covered mile diftant add to thefe, the two with fine old trees. The thriving vil- great roads from England to the W. lage of Garmouth or Garmach, is fitu- of Scotland pafs through it.

mous name

for

its

foldiers,

a parifh in Roxburghfhire, about 6 miles long, and 4 broad. On the banks of the Tweed, 353 fince 1755. Spian ; a river in Invernefs-fhire, which bounds it on the N., the furwhich rifes from the weftern extremity face is flat, and the foil exceedingly of Loch Laggan ; and, after a japid fertile, but liable to be overflowed and precipitous courfe of 20 miles, the fouthern part is more elevated, joins the Lochy near the church of but not hilly ; and no part can be The only wafte Kilmanivaig. faid to be barren. a pn.rifh in Eaft-Lothian, ground is an extenfive commonty, ; in the neighbourhood of Dunbar; a- which bears diftinct marks of the bout 10 miles lung, and 5 broad, com- plough, and, indeed, is very well aprehending a fertile lowland difrricr, dapted for culture. There are feveand part of the billy diftriift of Lam- ral quarries of excellent freeftone iriennuir. Tbe low country is en- but no other mineral of value has

ated in this parifh In 1793, the parifh contained 1347 inhabitants; increafe

SPROUSTON;

SPOTT

clokq and well cultivated; and the been difcovered.

In 179c; the popu*

ST A
lation

TA

was about iooo, of which 200 Icolm-kill ; its form is oblong and irwere inhabitants of the village of regular, about one mile in length, and half a mile in breadth ; its coafts Sproufton. SPYNIE, or SPYNIE ; a are fteep and craggy the (ides being parifh in Morayfhire, about 4 miles entirely bare,exhibitmgfuperb bafaltic long, and 2 broad, ftretching along columns, and hollowed by various the banks of the Lqffie, about a mile caves, particularly thofe of Fingal and from the burgh of Elgin. A ridge of the Cor-ijorant. The ifland is accefiiblc muir extends the whole length of the only by a fmall entrance on the W. parilb, feparating the cultivated land fide, where the furface flopes towards from an extenfive natural oak wood, the fea ; but it can only admit a fmall the property of the Earl of Fife. The boat, and that in the calmeft weatherarable land poffeffes almoft every va- Nearly oppoiite to this is the fmall riety of foil, from the heavieft clay to ifland of Boojhala, which is entirely the lighten: fand the whole is enclo- compofed of bafaltic pillars ; (vide fed and well cultivated. The loch Booshala.) The moft elevated part

NEW

of Spynie will be noticed in the next article. On the banks of this lake, near its eaflern extremity, is the palace of Spynie, formerly the refidence of the Bifhops of Moray. It has been a magnificent and fpacious building, round a fquare court, having a gate and draw-bridge on the E. fide, and fortified towers at the corners, and furrounded by a dry ditch. Some of
the rooms are ftill pretty entire ; and the remains of the paintings, on the walls, were fo diftinct a few years ago,
as to fhew that feveral reprefentations of fcripture-hiftory had been

the defign. Adjoining to the palace were the gardens, now only diftinguifhable by the ruined walls. Spynie is a dormant barony in the family of Lindfay, a younger branch of the Earls of Crawford. In 1793, the population was 603 ; decreafe 263 fince 1755Spynie (Loch) a lake in the a;

miles long, and 1 broad, and appears to have been formerly a frith of the fea, though it is now fhut up at the E. and W. ends by a long extent of valuable land: accordingly, the land between the lake and the fea ftill retains the name of Rofs ijle, and many beds of fea fhells, particularly oyfters, are found on the banks of the lake, feveral feet below the fvrrface of the earth. It abounds with pike and perch, and is frequented by fwans. It has lately been drained to a conliderable depth ; but it is ftill far from being reduced to its
pai-ifn,
is

bove

former

limits.

a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, celebrated for its bafaltic pillars. It lies about 5 leagues W. of the ifland of Mullj and 3 leagues from

STAFFA;

of the ifland of Staffa, is over the cave of Fingal, where it is 214 feet above the fea, at ordinary tides. Near the middle of the ifland are two wretched huts, built with fragments of bafaltic pillars one of which ferves for the herd and his family, who take care of the cattle that feed on the ifland; the other hut is ufed as a barn and cowhoufe. Around thefe houfes is a fmali field, for railing a few oats and potatoes. There is a fmall fpring, which would be foon dried up, were it not The only for the weeping climate. fuel ufed by the poor people, is the fods or turf, which they carefully dry, and in which the only combuftible parts are the fibrous roots of the grafs. " This family refided here," fays Dr. Garnett, " both fummer and winter, but in winter their for feveral years fituation was frequently very unpleafant ; for, during a ftofrri, the waves beat fo violently againft the ifland, that the very houfe was maker., though indeed, fitnated in the middle of it the conculTion was often fo great, that the pot which hung over the fire partook of it, and was made to vibrate. This fo much alarmed the poor inhabitants one very ftormy winter, that they determined to leave the ifland the firft favourable opportunity, for they believed that nothing but an evil fpirit could have rocked it in that manner. Since that period, they have refided here only during the fummer feafon." Dr. Garnett alio adjoins this note. " This circumftance was related to us by the herd ; but the ftory feemed fo fabulous, that we regarded it merely as an inftance of the love of the marvellous. I find, however, in -St. Fond's Tour, a confirmation of it. Some of
; ; :

ST A
companions having been obliged to fpenci two nights on Staffa, in the miserable hut of the herd, declared, on their return to Torloiik, that the fea broke upon the ifland with fuch impetuofity, and rufned into the caves, which penetrated its interior with fuch nolle, that the hut fhook to its foundation, and they could get no fieep." More than one half of the circumference of the ifle is occupied by very handfome colonnades of regular pillars, which are completely laid bare
his
ferver,

STA
and one the leaft fenfible to the phenomena which relate to the convulfions of the globe, not to be Angularly aftonilhed by this prodigy, which may be confidered as a fort of
natural
palace.

To

inciter

myfelf

from all critical obfervation, on the emotion which I experienced while

contemplating the moft extraordinary cavern yet known, I fhall borrow the expreffions of .him (Sir Jofeph Eanks)

who

firft

defcribed

it.

Thofe

who
be

are acquainted with the character of

this illultrious naturalift, will not

of the ifland exappearances ; but the pillars are bent and twifteS in various directions ; fame lying nearly horizontal, and others forming {egments of circles. They generally reft on an irregular pavement, formed of the upper fides of thofe pillars which have been broken off, which extends in a Sloping direction as far under water as the eye can reach. Here the forms of the pillars are apparent thefe are of 3, 4, 5, and 7 fides ; but thofe of 5 and 6 are moft prevalent. They ate of various diameters from that of a foot to four feet and an half. The furfaces of the large pillars are rough and uneven, full of cracks in all directions the pillars are jointed, and the upper furface of each joint is generally concave, having a corresponding convexity in the inferior furface of the other ; but the reverie of this is often noticed, and many of the pillars .exhibit a plain furface. In fpme places the interftices, between the perpendicular prifms, are filled up with a yellow fparry matter, compofed of the oxyd of iron, feparated from the bafaltes, and a little argillaceous earth, with fome Specimens of zeolitic cryftals. The pillars near the landing-place are Small, but increafe in magnitude as they are nearer the cave of Fingal, the greateft natural curiofity of the ifland, where they are the largeft both in diameter and altitude, that are to be found in the The following are the obserifland. vations on the cavt of Fingal, by Mons. Faujas de St. Fond. " This fuperb monument," fays he, " of a grand Subterraneous combuftion, the date of which has been loft in the lapfe of ages, prefents an appearance of order and regularity fo wonderful, that is is difficult for the coldeit obfea
;

by the

the

reft

hibits the

fame

bafaltic

apt to accufe him of being liable to be hurried away by the force of a too ardent imagination ; but the fenfation he felt at the view of this magnificent fcene was fuch, that it was impoffible to efcape a degree of juft en' thufiafm. The impatience which every one felt to fee the wonders we had heard fo largely defcribed, pre* vented our morning reft : every one was up and in motion before the break of day, and with the firft light arrived at the S. W. part of the ifland, the feat of the moft remarkable pillars where we no fooner arrived, than we were ftruck with a fcene of magnificence which exceeded our expectation ; though, formed, as we thought, upon the moft fanguine foundations ; the whole of that end of the ifland, Supported by ranges of natural pillars, moftly above 50 feet high, ftanding in natural colonnades, according as the bays or points of the land formed themfelves, upon a firm In a ihort time balls of folid rock. we arrived at the mouth of the cave ; the moft magnificent, I believe, that ever has been defcribed by travellers. The mind can hardly form an idea more magnificent than fuch a fpace, ted on each fide by ranges of .ns, and roofed by the bottoms of thofe which have been broken off to form it ; between the angles of which, a yellow ilalagmitic matter has been exuded, which ferves to define the angles pz-ecifely, and at the fame time with a great deal of elegance ; and, to render it (till more agreeable, the whole is lighted from without, and the air is perfectly free from the damp and noxious vapours with which natural caverns in general abound.' Let us alfo for a moment
;

.1

liften to

Dr.

Uno Von

Troil, on

tJi<3

ST A
fame
*

ST A
are agitated,
'

fubje<5t, in his Letters on Iceland.

How fplcndid,'

fays this prelate,

do

in

the porticoes of the ancients appear our eyes, from the oftentatious magnificence of the defcriptions we have received of them, and with what
I

in a very fmall degree, the boat would inevitably be dafhed to pieces againft the fides of the cavern. The only way of entering at fuch times, is by a caufe-

though only

Way not more than

eaftern fide,

2 feet

broad on the

formed by the bales of even the colonnades of our modern broken pillars, which is exceedingly edifices But, when we behold the flippery, being conftantly wanted by cave of Fingai, formed by nature in the fpray. At the farther extremity is the ifle of Staffa, it is no longer pof- another fmall cave, which, from cerfible to make a comparifon, and we tain paffages, fends forth an agreeable are forced to acknowledge that this ncife every time the water rufh.es into piece of architecture, formed by na- it from which circumflance it has
are feized on feeing
!

we

ture, far furpaffes that of the Louvre, that of St. Peter at Rome, all that re-

mains of Palmyra and Poejlum, and all that the genius, the tafte, and the luxury of the Greeks were capable of inventing.' Such was the impreflion made by the cave of Fingai on Sir Jofeph Banks and the Bifhop of Linckoeping. *' I," fays St. Fond, " have feen many ancient volcanoes, and I have given defcriptions of feveral fuperb bafaltic caufeways, and delightful caverns in the midft of lavas ; but I have never found any thing which comes near to this, or can bear any comparifon with it, for the admirable regularity of the columns, the height of the arch, the fituation, the form,

received the name of An-ua-*vine, or " the melodious cave." The following are the dimenfions of the cave of
Fingai, from Sir Jofeph Banks, who had it very accurately meafured by fome of his attendants.
Feet. hi.

Length of the cave from the rock without, 237 Do. from the pitch of the
arch,

............
....
at

Breadth of do. at the mouth,

Do.

at the farther end,

250 53 20

o
7

o
6

Height of the arch

the

mouth, '....117 Do. at the end, . 70 Depth of water at the mouth, 18 Do. at the end, 9 the elegance of this production of na- Height of the talleft columns ture, or its refemblance to the mafteron the right fide of the enpieces of art though this has had no trance, 45
;

o o o

It is therefhare in its conftruction. fore not at all furprifing, that tradition mould have made it the abode of

a hero." This wonderful work of nature is 53 feet wide at the entrance, 117 feet high, and 250 feet long. The arch is compofed of two unequal fegments of a circle, which form a natural pediment. The mafs which crowns, or rather which forms the roof, is 20 feet thick at its loweft part.
It confifts of fmall prifms,

o Befides the cave of Fingai, there is* another which exhibits the fame appearances, though on a lefs fcale. It is fituated on the N. tide of the ifland, in the midft of a magnificent colonnade, and is named in Gaelic Ua-nafcarve, the " corvofants cave." This ifland, though one of the greater! curiofities in the world, has, till lately, been fcarcely known. Buchannan
[lightly

mentions

it,

and

its

remark-

more or lefs

regular, inclining in all directions, cloiely united and cemented under-

Mr. Leach, a native able columns. of Ireland, feems to have been the fii ft to call the attention of the world to
this fingular
ifle. Having, in the year 1772, been on a vint to fome of his

neath and in the joints, with a pale yellow calcareous matter, and zeolitic eryftallizations, which, when contrail ed with the dark purple hexagons, formed by the ends of the pillars, has a very fine effect, the whole refembling Mofaic work. The bottom of the cave is filled with the fea, reaching to the very extremity. In very calm weather, a boat may fail into it ; but, if this fhould be attempted when the waves

friends in

Morven

in Argyllfhire, in

one of

his fifliing excurfions

he was

(truck with the Angularity of the appearance of its rocks, and landed upon it., few days afterwards, Sir jofeph Banks, Dr. Uno Von Troil, and others, on their voyage from Iceland, caft anchor in the found of Mull, and

having met Mr. Leach; that gentle-

S
man

TE

TE

reported to the voyagers the wonders he had feen. They vifited the ifl and and, an account of it was, by Sir Jofeph Banks, communicated to Mr. Pennant, who publifi led it in Since Jus " Tour to the Hebrides." that time it has been vifited by innumerable naturalifts, who have publifhd accounts of it in their different works ; of thefe we may principally mention Mons. Faujas de St. Fond, and have been more miDr. Garnett. nute than ufual in the notice of this ifland; as it is, to ufe the words of the laft tourift, " undoubtedly the greateft natural curioiity in Europe, if not
;

We

in the

world."
;

a parifh in Ayrfhire, about 6 miles long by 2 broad, lying on the banks of the river Ayr. The foil is in general a deep clay, but is loamy on the fides cf the river: the whole is enclofed, and well cultivated. The chief feats are Stair, the feat of General Stewart ; Barjkimming, the feat of Lady Miller of Glenlee ; Drongan, the feat of Mr. Smith ; and Gadgirtb-cajlle, the feat of Mr. Steel. The parifh of Stair is exceedingly well fupplied with coal from 3 extenfive coalcries. On the lands of Dalmore, fpecimens of antimony and copper have been found ; and on the fame lands a confiderable quantity of plumbago or black lead has been difcovered, which has been found to anfwer all the purpofes of that found in Cumberland. This parifh alfo affords thofe hones, known by the name cf the water of Ayrjlones. In 1791, the population
increafe 149 fmce 1755. a lake in Suther; landfhire, in the parifh of Edderachylis, two miles long, and half a mile broad,
;

STAIR

was 518

Stalk (Loch)

to the river of Laxford. a confiderable village ; in Perthshire, lying partly in the parifh of Auchtergaven, and partly in that of Redgorton, famous for the extenfive cotton-fpinning machinery, erecled by a company of gentlemen, on the eftate of the Duke of Athol. In 179;, the village contained about 520 inhabitants.

giving

rife

STANLEY

STAXIGOE a fmall village with a harbour, in Cakhnefs, near the town of Wick, built on the eftate of Mr. Dunbar of Hempriggs.
;

STEKNESS
f

a parifh in the ifland

Pomona,

in

Orkney, united with

the parifh of Firth. In 1793, tfie population of the united parifh was 1186 ; increafe 78 fmce 1755. Stenness (Loch ) ; a fmall lake in Orkney, in the above parifh, noted for a remarkable caufeway or highway over it, forming a communica tion between two druidical temples. ; a parifh in Haddingtonfhire, about 3-5 milts long, and 3 broad ; but there is a narrow fcripe of muiry land, which extends S. into Berwickfhire to the banks of the Whittadder. The face of the countryis open and beautiful ; and the greater part is enclofed. The foil is exceedingly various it lies moftly upon freeftone and gravel. Around the village of Stenton the ground is very ftony, and the fmall ftones lie fo thick upon the ground, that in fome fpots, when harrowed, fcarce any foil is to be feen ; and yet, in the fields, the crops are generally good, and often in 17 91, the population luxuriant, was 624 ; decreafe 7 fmce 1755. a parifh in Ayr; fhire, lying on the northern fhore of the bay of Ayr. Its form is a kind of irregular fquare, 2~| miles in length, and nearly the lame breadth ; but the fandy ground extends about 2^ miles farther S. along the coaft, terminating at the mouth of the river Irvine. The whole extent of coaft is flat and fandy ; affording no harbour, except at the northern extremity at Saltcoats, and at the fouthern extremity at the harbour of Irvine, The furface of the parifh is divided into two diftricts of nearly equal extent ; the fandy level plain on the coaft, and the enclofed and cultivated land in the interior diftrict : thefe are feparated from each other by a ridge of rocky ground, now almoft covered with foil. In the latter diftrict the foil is moftly clay, with fome fields of gravelly loam. The town of Stcvenjfon is fituated nearly in the center of the pariih, built on the elevated rocky ridge, and commanding an extenfive and delightful profpeel; of the whole bay of Ayr, with the diftant ifland of Arran, and the conical rock of Aifla. In 1792, it contained 1019 inhabitants. At the northern border of the parifh ftands the thriving town of Saltcoats, lying partly in the parifh of Ardrujjan; (vide Saltcoats.) There

STENTON

STEVENSTON

STI
are feveral feats of the refiding proprietcrs ; the chief of which are thofe

STI
broad
fhire,

f Alexander Hamilton of Grange;] R. R. Cunningham of Seabank ; and: Patrick Warner of Ardeer, Efqrs. There is an old ruin, called Kirrilacajile, formerly one of the feats of the Earls of Glen'cairn. The coal ftrata of the parifh are very extenlive, nay almoft inexhauftible, and are fuppofed to be the northern limit of the coal country on the W. of Scotland. The total quantity raifed at the pits is about 23,000 tons the greater part of which is exported at the harbour of Saltcoats. Limeftone of excellent qua>

alfo abundant ; and there are In quarries of fine freeftone. 1792, the population was 2425; increafe 1013 fmce 1755. a fmall village in the diftricTt of Buchan, Aberdeenfhire. It is built on the eftate of
jfity

is

bounded on the N. by Perth* and the river Forth ; on the E; by Clackmannanihire, and Weft-Lothian ; on the S. by Lanarkfhire ; and on the W. by the county of Dumbarton, and Loch Lomond. The features of the country are rich and beautiful. An extended plain ftretches towards the N. W. terminated by the mountain of Benlomond, and wafhed by the Forth, winding with placid dignity, and forming the beautiful Links for which it is fo rema. liable- From this level a bank of coniiderable height rifes to the fouthern border, where the furface becomes hilly, affording great abundance of game, and excel;

many

lent pafturage for fheep.

1

The

eaftern

STEWARTFIELD;

Mr. Burnet of Denns, who has

efta-

blifhed a bleachfield in its neighbourhood, for the encouragement of its linen and yarn trade. It is about \i

miles diiiant from Peterhead, and contains nearly 800 inhabitants. a parifh and coniiderable town in Ayrihire. The parifh is above 10 miles in length, and in fome places about 4 in breadth. The general appearance is flat, with a gentle flope towards the fea, beautified with extenfive belts of planting.

STEWARTOWN;

of Stewartown may vie with any of its flze in the W. of Scot-

The town

land, for the beauty, regularity, and cleanlinefs of its ftreets and houfes. It is fituated on the water of Annock, about 6 miles N. from the town of Ir- kingdom ; fituated upon the confines vine ; it is a poft town, and has feve- of not lefs than four kingdoms, having ral well attended annual fairs. The the Northumbrian and Cumbrian conchief trade is the manufacture of bon- quered provinces on the S., and the nets, which has been carried on to a the dominions of the Picls and Scots great extent for upwards of a century on the N., it was the field of much paft ; it contains about 2500 inhabit- contention and bloodmed. Here, too, ants. There is plenty of limeftone, the Romans having conquered the but no coal. Near the town are the fouthern provinces of Britain, found foundations of a houfe, faid to have the greateft- difficulty in fubjugating been a feat of the family of Stewart, the ancient inhabitants, who, from from which the diftricl: derives its their almoft impenetrable faftneffes, name. In 1793, the population was poured down upon them like torrents about 3000 ; increafe 181 fince 1755. from their native mountains. To flop Stinchar, or Ardstinchar ; a the inroads of the Caledonians, Agririver in Ayrlhire. Vide Ardstinch ar. cola the Roman general, about the formerly a year 80, built a chain of forts between part of the fnire of Lennox ; is about the Friths of Clyde and Forth, which 26 miles long, and on an average 12 were afterwards, about the year 140,

but there are feveral extenfive moffes on the banks of the Forth, which, however, in a fhort time, will be converted into excellent land the chief of thefe is Mofs Flanders, which, with the Mofs of Kincardine in Perthfhire, have nearly been cultivated, through the exertions and example of the late Lord Karnes (vide Kincardine.) In former times, the greater part of this county was covered with wood ; and the foreft is denominated the Nemus Stri-velenfe in many old charters. To the S. of the town of Stirling, there are veftiges of it for feveral miles ; and banks of natural wood fh ill remain in the caftle park of Stirling, at Murray's wood, at Kilfyth, and at Bannockburn ; and ftumps of trees are found in all the moffes, and many of the plains. StirHngfhire is one of the moft noted counties of Scotland in the annals of that
diftricl: is fertile
; :

STIRLINGSHIRE;

STI
connected by the famous wall of Antoninus; (vide Antoninus' Wall.) In this county the heroes of Offian perfoi"med many of their heroic exploits, and here fought againft the Ro;

STI
merce, and calls forth the true riches of the country and the Carron river, having long ceafed to roll its waters in the din of arms, now lends its aid to the molt extenfive manufactures ; (vide Carron.) Stirlingfhire contains one royal borough, viz. Stirling, the county town; the confiderable burghs of barony of Falkirk

mans under Caracalla, who is named " the fon of the king of the world."
Near Bannoekburn was fought the eventful battle between Robert Bruce and Edward I., which finally defeated the fchemes of the Engliih monarch for uniting the whole ifland by conqueft under his fovereignty. Contiguous to this is the Torivood, famous for being the hiding-place of the re-

and

St.
;

villages

Ninians, and of which the

nowned
Falkirk,

Sir

William Wallace.
battles

Near
were

two famous

fought ; one wherein Wallace and the Scots were defeated,' and the other where the adherents of the Stuart family met with a total defeat in 1745. On the banks of the Carron are the hills of Dunipace, reprefented by Buchannan as " the hills of peace," where national caufes of great importance have been decided, often by great thefe articles, and Lennox and Omonarchs in perfon, and where the chjls.) The county abounds with -treaties of peace were wont to be coal, ironftone, freeftone, and limefigned. But a late celebrated anti- ftone ; and more valuable, at lead quarian, Sir James Foulis, conjec- more precious minerals have been disthefe tures, with equal probability, that covered, and in part wrought the name is "a corruption of Dunabas, are filvei", copper, cobalt, and lead. *' the hills of death," where the priThe parilh of Kilfyth affords many fine foners of war in thefe barbarous ages fubjedts for mineralogical refearch ; were immolated, to fatisfy the re- (vide Kilsyth.) Stirlingfhire' fends venge of the injured country. The one member to parliament. The vacaftle of Stirling has frequently fu- lued rent of the county is 108,518k ftained the molt lengthened fieges re- 8s. 9d. Scots, and the real land rent is corded in the annals of Scotland. But, eftimated at 86,720k fterling. STIRLING ; an ancient town in, happily for thefe days, the fcene is changed ; inftead of gloomy caftles, that divifion of Lennoxfhire to which and fields of blood, we fee the arts it gives its name, fituated upon the of peace converting to human ufe river Forth, 25 miles N. W. of Edineven the rudeft materials of nature. burgh, in 3" 59' W. longitude from
:

Larbert, Kippen, Airth, Campfie, and Killearn. Numerous feats and plantations are interfperfed throughout, and enrich the appearance of the whole county. Stiriingfnire is divided into 22 parochial diftricTis, which, by the returns to Sif John Sinclair, between the years 1790 and 1798, contained 46,663 inhabitants; increafe 7850 fince 1755. The two ridges of hills, called Lennox and Qcijil, in this county, exhibit many volcanic appearances, particularly at Fit/try, and the Campfie Fells; (fee

feveral large principal are Kilfyth, Buchlyvie,

the <wall of Antoninus, that moinvafion, is almoft entirely dernolilhed by the ploughHere the Caledonian tramples share. on the ruin of. Roman ambition, and unfettered commerce occupies the Inftead feat of imperious' ufurpation. of that wall, which put a barrier betwixt two countries that nature intended to be united, we have the great canal running parallel to it, which unites the eaftern to the weften", feas, that nature had disjoined. Inftead of a barrier, which prevented even amicable intercourfe, we have a navigable canal, that facilitates com-

Now

London, and
iituation
is

5 6 6'

N.

latitude.

Its

nument of Roman

very romantic, feated, like the Old Town of Edinburgh, on the Hoping ridge of a rock, the precipitous end of which, towards the W., is occupied by a fortrefs. The great ftreet, on the funimit of the hill, is broad and fpacious, with elegant houfesj but the other ftreets are narrow and

The Tonvn-houfe is a lai"ge building, with convenient apartments In for the town and county courts.
irregular.

the council chamber is kept the Jugg* appointed by law to be the ftandard There for dry meafure in Scotland. are three hofpitals : the firft endowed

STI
by Robert
Spittal,
in

STI

1530, for the ter of Alexander is not a charter of erection, but only confers fome additional privileges on the burghers and : About the middle of the freemen. 12th century, it became a royal refidence. David I. kept his court in it, : the third was founded by John Allan, probably that he might be near the for the maintenance and education of abbacy of Cambufkenneth, which he

fupport of poor tradefmen, with an annual revenue of 221I. fterling the fecond was founded by John Cowan, in 1639, for 1 2 decayed guild brethren, with an income of 15 81. fterling and

the children of decayed tradefmen. There are two churches, called, from their htuation, the Eaft and Weft Kirks. The former is a very fine building, erected by Cardinal Beaton; the latter is alfo a beautiful piece of architecture, but of much older date, having been founded in the time of King Alexander III. to ferve as a chapel for a monaftery of Francifcans. Stirling has long been famous for its grammar fchool, and can boaft of giving birth to fome eminent literary

founded, and on which he beftowed many marks of his favour. It is pro-

bable that the town grew to its prefent iize very foon after it became the temporary refidence of royalty ; and, from the moft accurate accounts, it appears to have undergone very little change either in fize or the number of its inhabitants, for the laft 600 years, till very lately, when the intro-. duction of the cotton and carpet manufactures caufed a number of new buildings to be erected. It holds a characters. Amongft thefe we may fifth rank among the Scottifli royal mention Dr. Robert Pollock, firft burghs, and was one of the curia quaPrincipal of the Univerfity of Edin- tuor burgorum ; a court which gave rife burgh, a very celebrated writer of his to the prefent convention of royal boage; and Dr. John Moore, well roughs. The municipal government known for his " Travels in France, confifts of a provoft, 4 bailies, a dean Italy, Switzerland^ and Germany," of guild, treafurer, and 14 other counand as author of " Medical Effays," fellors, making the whole town counand feveral excellent Novels. As far cil 21 ; 14 of whom are merchants, back as the end of the 16th century, and 7 reprefentatives of the incorpoBefides the ordinary Stirling carried on a confiderable ma- rated trades. nufacture of fhalloons for exporta- jurifdiction in civil caufes, which is tion ; but, about the middle of laft common to the magiftrates of all century, this trade almoft dropt. Of royal boroughs, the magiftrates of this late it has again revived ; and, for fe- town have alio an extenfive criminal veral years paft, upwards of 200,000 jurifdiction conferred on them by yards have been annually manufac- their charters, equal to the power of tured. The carpet manufacture has fheriffs within their territories. There of late been introduced ; and the cot- is a peculiar bye-law of this corporaton trade is very fiourifhing. Befides tion, which the members of the couna branch -of the Bank of Scotland, cil annually take an oath to obferve, there are three private banking com- originating in a liberal and independpanies. Stirling is a place of confider- ent fpirit, and which, from its faluable antiquity. Buchannan mentions tary tendency, deferves to be followed it frequently in his hiftory fo early as by other corporations. By this they the 9th century, but gives no defcrip- bind themfelves to take no leafe of tion of it ; and it is impoffible to any part of the public property under throw any light upon this fubject their management, nor to purchafe from the town's charters, many of any part of it; neither to receive any which have been loft during the civil gratification, out of the public funds, wars and Engliih invafions, in all of under pretence of reward for their which Stirling made a confpicuous trouble of going about the affairs of figure. The moft ancient of the town's the burgh. By the fame bye-law alrecords is granted by King Alexander fo, a Board of Auditors for infpecting I., and is dated at Kincardine the 1 8th the public accounts is elected annuof Auguft, in the 12th year of his ally, confifting of two members chofen reign (i. e. A. D. 1120). But there by the merchants, and two by the inis reafon to believe that Stirling was " The manner, (fays corporations. incorporated long before, as the char- Mr. Nimmo in his Hijiory of Stirling

3K3

STI
Jhire,')

STI
whole ftory bears much of the chamonkilh fable ; yet its authenticity is not a little confirmed by
racter of

in which the old treafurei* of the town ufed to keep his accounts, when writing was a more rare accomplifhment than at prefent, was fuffici-

boots, one on each fide of the chimney: into one of them he put all the money which he drew, and into the other the receipts or vouchers for the money
ently lingular.

He hung two

which he paid away; and he balanced

his accounts at the

emptying

his boots,

money left in away by the receipts The caftle, which is

end of the year by and counting the the one, and that paid
in

the armorial bearings of the town of upon which is a bridge and a crofs, with the laft line of the Latin diftich, as a motto around it. muft not however imagine, that in thofe times the fortrefs of Stirling bore any refemblance to its pi;efent ftate, which is adapted to the ufe of fire
Stirling,

We

the other."

fituated at the

weftern extremity of the rock on which the town is built, is of great antiquity ; but, previous to the 9th century, there are no accounts of it. When the Scots under Kenneth II. overthrew the Pictifh government, they endeavoured to obliterate every memorial of that people. They not only changed the names of the Pictifh towns and provinces, but, with all'the rage of barbarians, demdlifhed many magnificent and ufefulftructures which had been reared by the Picts, and this
fortrefs amongfc the reft it was foon, however, rebuilt for, in the fucceed:

ing reign of Donald V., the kingdom

was invaded by G {bright and Ella, two Northumbrian princes, and the Scottifh monarch was obliged to fue
for peace on the moft abject terms no lefs than yielding up to the con-

querors all his dominions S. of the Forth. The Northumbrians taking poffifiion of the territory ceded to them by that treaty, rebuilt the caftle
of Stirling, and planted in it a ftrong garrifon to preferve their new conquells, on the frontiers of which it

arms. Its iize and form more probably refembled thofe caftlcs which, underthe feudal fyftem, the greater barons erected for their dwelling-houfes. In the 10th century it again came into the poflefiion of the Scots ; and, during the Danifh invafion in 1009, it was the place of rendezvous of the Scottifh army. In the 12th century, it was one of the moft important fortreffes in the kingdom, and was one of the four which were delivered up to the Englifh, as part of the ranfom of William the Lion, who, in 74, had been taken captive near Alnwick, in Northumberland. Though it had been fome? time a regal relidence, before the acceffion of the Stuart family, it does not appear to have been fitted up with great magnificence, until it became the favourite relidence of James I. It was the birth-place of James II. ; and in it he perpetrated that atrocious deed, which ftains his character and reign, the murder of his kinfman William Earl of Douglas, whom he ftabbed with his own hand and, whatever may be faid in palliation of the infolence and cruelty of Douglas, yet, he ought to have been puniihed in a

different

manner.

The room where

was

lituated.

It is alfo

reported, that

they erected a ftone bridge over the Forth, upon the fummit of which a profs was raifed, with the following
infcription in rnonkiih
*'

rhyme

Anglos a Scotis feparat crux

ijla re-

Armis which
writer
I

moils ; hie Jlant Bruti, Scoti Jiant hie,

cruce tuti
is
:

;"

thus tranflated by an ancient

am

free

marche,

as pafiengtris

may

ken,

To
this

Scottis, to Britonis,

and to Ingliimen.

the deed was committed Itill goes by the name of Douglas's room. James III. was very fond of this palace, and built within it a magnificent hall for the meetings of parliament. s This is now (tripped to its bare walls, and converted into a riding fchool. Adjoining to the parliament-houfe is the chapel* royal, which was erected by Pope AlexanderVI. It had conliderable landed property , and was accounted the richeft collegiate church of the kingdom. This chapel has undergone a fimilar reverie of fortune with the parliament-houfe, and is now converted into a (lore-room

and armoury. James V. was crowned

here ; and the palace was the work of that prince. It is a ftately building.

None

of the Englifh hiftorians relate circumftance ; and, indeed, the

STI
in the form of a fquare, with a finall court in the center. Its infide is totally without form or regularity ; but,

STO
and populous
villages

which adorn

externally,

it

is

very richly and curi-

Marr, which was begun in i77o,during the regency of that nobleman, but never finifhed it is faid to have been built from the ruins of the abbey of Cambufkenneth ; the outfide is ornamented with the fame grotefque figure as the palace within the caftle. contortions of the mufcles of their The rock upon which the caftle is faces. The ground ftory of the palace built is bafaltic, being compofed of is now converted into barrack wards jointed pillars of 5 or 6 fides. Around for the foldiers of the garrifon ; and the caftle is a pleafant walk, carried the upper ftory affords a houfe to the from the town in many places cut governor, and rooms for the inferior out of the folid rock. From this walk officers. A ftrong battery was erected there are feveral beautiful views ; and about the year 1559, during the re- it gives an excellent opportunity of gency of Mary of Lorraine, called the examining the bafaltic pillars of which French battery. In the reign of Queen the rock is compofed. The parifh of Anne, the caftle was enlarged and re- Stirling is confined to the burgh, and paired and a flanking battery, named a fmall field called the King's Park. Queen Anne's battery, with barracks In 179a, the population was 4698 ; and a bomb proof, was erected on the increafe 747 fince 1755 : but it is proS. fide. Since that period, no alteration bable that the population is now conor repairs of any confequenee have fiderably more than 5000. STITCHEL and HUME; an united been made. This caftle has once been
:

oufly ornamented with grotefque figures, upon flngular piilars or pedeftals, each of which refts on a figure lying on its breaft, which appears a very painful pofition, efpecially when encumbered with fuch a load ; and fome of the figures feem to wife to be freed from it, if we may judge by the

the Carfe of Stirling. Between the caftle and the town are feen the palace of the Earl of Argyll, called Argyll's lodging ; and the houfe of the Earl of

a place of confiderable ftrength, when parifh in the" counties of Roxburgh the ait of ordnance was in its infancy; and Berwick, of an irregular figure, but now, it could fcarcely hold out a 5 or 6 miles long, and between 3 and few hours againft an army of 3000 4 broad. The furface prefents a genmen, conducted by an engineer of tle declivity towards the S. ; the foil knowledge and integrity. About 36 gradually degenerating from a rick guns are mounted on the ramparts. clay to a wet muir, in proportion to It is commanded by a governor, de- the elevation. The lands are almoft all puty-governor, fort-major, and three enclofed, and under tillage. There fubalterns: it is one of the Scottifh are two villages, which bear the names forts, which, by the aiticles of Union, of each barony of the united parifh. are always to be kept in repair. Upon The village of Stitchel lies about 4 the rock, and on the S. fide of the miles from Kelfo, and the village of caftle, is a fiat piece of ground, en- Hume is noted for the old caftle of clofed, which was the place of the Hume, often the bone of conteft durtournaments on one fide is a rock, ing the border wars ; (vide Hume.) where the ladies ufed to fit and ob- Siiichel-hovfe, the refidence of Sir Jas. ferve the addrefs and valour of the Pringle, Bart, is an elegant building, combatants, fail named the Ladies' near the village of Stitchel Neivtonrock. As this fortrefs was frequent- Don, the feat of Sir Alexander Don, ly the fcene of bloody contention, Bart, is not lefs diftinguifhed for its it is cuftomary to point out to every elegance. In feveral places are diftinct ftranger 12 fields of battle within bafaltic columns, of a regular polygon view of its walls. The profpect from form, 5 or 6 feet high, and 16 or 17 the caftle-hill is moft delightful, as inches over. In 1791, the population well as extenfive ; being greatly beau- of the united parifh was about 1000 tified, efpecially towards the E., by the increafe 41 fince 1755. windings of the Forth, the ruinous ; a parifh in the county of abbey of Cambufeenneih, the Abbey Peebles, about 6 miles long, and from Craig, the houfe of Colonel Callander 3 to 4 broad The greater part of of C.raigforth, and the numerous feats the parifh is mountainous, and fit for
: :

STOBO

STO
j
j

STO
town contained 107a
j

pafture ; but a confiderable part is the jurifdiclion is, by the charter, either cultivated, or fufceptible of veiled in magiftrates chofen by the Some of the hills are fuperior and fetters. In 1792-, the cultivation.

green to the fummits ; but molt of them are covered with heath. The foil of the arable land is exceedinglyvarious ; but a light fertile loam, upon a bed of gravel, is the molt prevaThe river Tweed runs through lent. the parifh, dividing it into two nearlyequal parts. In this parifh is the Sheriff-muir, or place where the Tweeddale militia met during the animofity which fub lifted between the lifter kingdoms : it is a fiat uncultivated heath, with many monumental ftones upon it, which probably point out the fcene of fome battle, which neither hiftory nor tradition have hand-

inhabitants, bein the parifh

fides the
\

new fuburb

of

Fettereffo.

a parifh in Laand on an average 2 broad, containing about 6000 acres. Of thefe there are about 13 acres of mofs, and 24 of muir ; the
narkfhire, 5 miles' long,

STONEHOUSE;

remainder is all arable, except the banks of the Clyde and Avon, which
are planted.

The

foil is fertile,

being

chiefly a light loam,

clay near the rivers. the parifh is the village of Stonehouse, which lies 18 miles from Glaf-

but mixed with In the center of

ed down to thefe times.

This parifh

contains 2 quarries of excellent flate, of a dark blue colour, from which moll of the houfes of the New Town of Edinburgh are covered. Here are the man (ions of Stobo and New Poffo ; the former a feat of Mr. Montgomery, fon of the late Lord Chief Baron ; and the latter the refidence of In 1791, the Sir James Nafmyth. population was 318; inceafe 5 fince

gow, 7 from Hamilton, and nearly the fame diftance from Lanark. It is chiefly inhabited by weavers, who,
with their families, make 593 fouls. There is plenty of coal ; but none is wrought at prefent. Limeftone and freeftone are abundant, and of excellent quality. In 1791, the population was 1060; increafe 237 fince 1755. STONYKIRK, (more properly

Stephenkirk)
tonfhire,
rifh es

parifh

in

Wig-

compofed of the united pa-

1755-

STONEHAVEN,
a fea port

or

STONE-

in KincarDunnottar, about 15 miles S. of Aberdeen. It confifts of two confiderable ftreets of houfes, built on feus granted by the

RIVE;

town

dinefhire, in the parifh of

Earls Marifchal, within whofe eftate The harbour is exit was fituated. cellent, being a natural bafon, fheltered on the S. E. by a high rock which runs out into the fea, and on the N. E. by a quay, very convenient Notfor the unloading of goods. withftanding its fine fituation for carrying on manufactures, there is very little trade tranfa&ed at Stonehaven ; it derives its principal fupport from the fheriff court of the county, which has its feat here. Of late, a fpirit of trade has manifefted itfelf; and the
linen manufacture has been introduced. The town has alfo received a confiderable increafe in its extent, from the public fpirit of Mr. Barclay of Urie, who has feued a large and regular village adjoining the town, on his eftate, in the neighbouring parifh of FetterefTo. Stonehaven is a burgh of barony, of which

of Stony kirk, Cla/hank, and TofIt lies on the W. coaft of the bay of Luce, and contains about 17,000 acres; of which 700, lying on the coaft, are fandy, and hardly capable of improvement ; the remainder has a light and dry foil, tolerably ferWithin this parifh are no fewer tile. than 4 mills for dreffing flax, and an extenfive bleachfield. There is a confiderable fifhery of cod, falmon, and mackarel. On the lands of Garthland, the property of Mr. Macdpwall, is a fquare tower 45 feet high, and having on its battlements the date 1274, faid to have been a feat of one of the ancient Lords of Galloway,
carton.

Near

it,

too, are

fome

artificial

mounds

brown

or moats, of a circular form ; one of which is 460 feet in circumference at the bafe, 60 feet in height, and has a curious excavation on the fummit. In 1 7 9 1, the population was 1365 j
increafe 214 fince 1755.

3TORMONT

a diftridt in Perth-

lying on the E. bank of the Tay, and giving title of Vifcount to the family of Murray. a fmall lake in th?
fhire,

Stormont;
diftri<5t,

above

and parifh of Bendothy a

STO
which which is
In
is

STR
STOURHOLM
; ;

an ifland and a building, ; a fmall ifland of have been a place for Shetland, lying on the N. fide of Mainwhence land, and pariih of Northmaven. depofiting the royal ftores a parifh fituated in the was derived the name of the diftrict. fouthern part of Mid-Lothian, and Storemount, contracted Stormont. a town and pa- comprehending a fmall part of SelIt extends about 15 miles rifh in Rofs-fhire, in the ifland of kirkshire. Lewis. The parifh is of very great in length, and on average 5 in breadth, but the inhabited parts are containing 37,500 fquare acres, of extent foraewhat of the figure of an ifofceles which 3700 are under culture. The triangle, two of the fides of which are furface is hilly, and interfered by nuabout 10 miles, and the remaining 7 merous ftreams, which fall into the The whole miles long. The general appearance Gala and the Tweed. is a flat muir, with a fmall extent of diftrict is well adapted for the pafture cultivated land on the coafts, the foil of fheep, of which there are computed of which is generally a blackjfh mould, to be about 2,1,000. In 1792, the ponot unfertile when properly drained pulation was about 140 ; increafe and manured. The extent of fea coaft ig6 fmce 1755. STRACAT HRO\ Vide Strickais about 35 miles, and the fhores are partly fandy and partly rocky. The THROW. STRACHAN. Vide Strathaen. principal bays are Broad bay, South STRACHUR and STRALACHbay, Loch Stornaway, and Loch GrimJbader ; and the headlands are Torjia- LAN; an united parifh in Argyllfhire, All in the diftrict of Cowal, about 18 miles J'eller Tiumpan, and Seller-heads. thefe bays afford tolerable anchorage long, and from 3 to 6 broad, lying on for veffels employed in the fifheries ; the S. W. bank of Loch Fyne, and wabut Loch Stornaway is particularly ex- tered by the river Chur, which falls cellent: fhips of any burden have fuf- into Loch EJk in this parifh, which "ficient water, good ground, and no again empties itfelf by the river Eachheavy fea can ever come into it. At aig into the Frith of Clyde. The gethe head of this bay, upon a point or neral appearance is hilly, affording exnefs jutting into it, is built the town cellent pafture for ?fheep and black of Stornaway ; which, from a fmall cattle but there are confiderable fields origin, has, of late, by the exertions of of arable land on the banks of Loch Lord Seaforth, arrived at a confider- Fyne; and the floping fides of the hills able fize and extent. The harbour of are finely covered with wood, both Stornaway is excellent, and well fre- natural and planted, the cutting of quented ; and the principal fource of which every twentieth year is estifaid to

STOW

STORNAWAY;
;

employment is the profecution of the mated at 6000I. fterling. In the white and herring fifheries in the bays, are feveral remarkable caves ; as
in

hills

alio
re-

which about 35 or 40 fmall

veffels

obeliiks, watch-towers,

and other

are annully fitted out. It is a port of the cuftcm-houfe, and has a poft-office and a regular packet, which fails every week with the mail and paffengers. The houfes in the town are in general well built ; and, befides a neat and commodious cuftom-houfe, there is a town-houfe, an affembly-room, an elegant church, and two commodious fchool-houfes. The number of inhabitants in the town is about 760. On an elevated fituation near the town, ftands Seaforth-Lodge, the refidence of Lord Seaforth, the proprietor of the ifland, when he comes to viflt his eftates. The number of cattle in the parifh is 7440, fheep 2576, and horfes 556. In 1798; the population was

mains of antiquity. The number of fheep is about 12,280, of black cattle 1000, and of horfes 175. Cajile-Lachlan, the feat of Donald Maclachlan, Efq. is an elegant building, near the fite of the old caftle of the fame name, Strachur-Park is alfo an elegant modern manfion, the feat of General Campbell of Strachur, the chief of In 1791, the the clan Macarthur. population was 1061 ; decreafe 13 a
fince 1755.

STRAGLASS
nefs-fnire.

diftrict. in

Inver-

STRAITON

a parifh in Ayrfhire,

3639

increaie 837 fincc 1755.

about 15 miles in length from N. W. to S. E., and 5 in breadth, comprehendinga fuperficiesof 75 fquare miles. The greater part of the pariih is only

STR
.lit

for pafture: in the S. E. the flu-face

extremely wild and rocky, interfperfed with a number of fmall lakes, which abound with trout, and which
is

1200 tons. Stranraer is a royal bo* rough, governed by a provoft, 2 bailies, a dean of guild, and 15 counfellors, and poflefTes a fourth vote with Wigis

give rife to the rivers Boon and Giwan. The number of fheep is about 20,000. There is a great deal of natural wood,

ton, Galloway, and Whithorn, in electing a reprefentative in the Imperial parliament. Near the town is fome of the hills being Skirted with it the old caftle of Stranraer, now unineven to the top. There are alfo feveral habited : it was formerly a feat of the exteniive plantations, efpecially around Earls of Stair ; and, not far from it is the place of IVbilefoord, the feat of the caftle of Culhorn, the beautiful reSir John Whitefoord, Bart. The vil- sidence of that noble family. The lage of Straiten or Strctowjn, is plea- burgh is chiefly the property of that fantly fituated on the banks of the nobleman, or at leaft dependent upon Gii-van, near the veftiges of a great him : the circumjacent grounds are Roman way which paffes through the alio within his Lordihip's eftate. The pariih. It is regularly built, and, being great road from Carlille to Port-Pawell fheltered by Surrounding trees, trick paffes through the town. In has a very pleafant appearance ; it 1791, the population was 1602; incontains about 200 inhabitants. There creafe 953 fmce 1755. is plenty of coal, lime, marl, and irona name given to many ; ftone ; and, on the banks of Loch Boon, diftricts of Scotland ; denoting a large there is a ftratum of fullers' earth. In and broad valley, in contradistinction

New

STRATH

creafe 189 fmce 17^5.

STRANRAER, RAWER;

to Glen, which is generally applied to a valley of fmaller extent. Like the or term Glen, Straths receive their a royal borough of con- distinguishing appellation either from fiderable antiquity, in Wigtonfliire, the rivers which run through them ; feated at the head of the bay of Loch as Strathardle, " the valley of Ryan. It is the feat of a prefbytery, the river Ardh /" Strathbogie, and the chief town of the diftrict of Strathdevon, &c. from fome partiGalloway, called the Rinns or Rhyns. cular characteristic of the place ; as The principal Street is of great length, Strathmore, " the great vale;" in proportion to the extent of the Strathbeg, " the little vale," &c* whole : the greater part of the houfes or from fome occurrence in ancient are old, and no regular plan of ar- times, which have rendered it remark-

1792, the population was 934; de-

STRAN-

rangement has been obferved when the ftreets have been formed. But whole ftreets of elegant houfes have been lately built ; and a handfome town-houfe and prifon, erected about 30 years ago, adds greatly to the appearance of the town. It is a port of the cuftom-houfe, of which all the harbours of the Rinns are members. It has fome trade to the Baltic, to Ireland, and to England, chiefly in the" exportation of grain, of which there is on an average nearly 6000

e. g. Strathaven, from the Gaelic Sirath-dih-Fhin^ " the valley of the ford of Fingal ;" the wife of that hero having been drowned in croffing the ford, as recited in a Gae* lie verfe afcribed to that chieftian, and thus translated: " On the limpid water of the Slippery ftones has my wife been drowned ; and, Since my wife has there been drowned, henceforth its name fhall be the water of Fingal." Another example of the' fame ufe of this appellative is to be quarters annually exported, or carried found in Strath groy, corrupted coaftways. The cotton and linen ma- from Strath-Druaidh, " the valley of nufactures are carried on to a confi- the druids," one of the places of reliderable extent; the average number gious worihip of that ancient order, of yards of the latter is about 28,000. being the molt remarkable object in There is alfo a considerable tan -work. the valley. The harbour of Stranraer is excellent, STRATH, (more properly Strath" being fheltered on all fides, and lying fkvordle) ; a parifhin Invernefs-Shire, in at the head of Loch Ryan, which af- the ifle of Sky, about 19 miles long, fords excellent anchorage. The ton- and 5^ broad, lying on the found nage of vefiels belonging to Stranraer which feparatts Sky from the Main-

able,

STR
land
:

STR

Strathaven alfo comprehends the fmall 400 looms are employed. of Scalpa and Pabba. The was erected into a burgh of barony in middle of the parifh is fiat, but the the year 1450, with the ufual privigreater part is hilly, and covered with leges, and had an extenlive commonty heath ; the arable foil is partly clay, granted to the burgeffes; all of which partly loam, but by far the molt pre- has long ago become private property. valent foil is moify. The coait is It has a weekly market and fairs in rocky ; but there are 3 fmall and fife January, June, and November : but, harbours. Several of the hills exhi- having no public funds, has no other there is magiftracy than a baron-bailie, nobit volcanic appearances great abundance of limeftone and minated by the Duke of Hamilton. marl ; and fome marble of an inferior Strathaven lies 7 miles E. of the town kind. In 1793, the population was of Hamilton, and contains 1610 inhait

islands

1579

STRATH A E N,

increafe 6 ;6 fmce 17^5. now' generally

,

bitants.

Strath beg (Loch);

a fmall lake

a parifh in called Kincardinefhire, lying on the N. fide of the Grampian ridge, extending from the top of the Cairn-o''-mount to the banks of the Dee, about 11 miles,

STRACHAN;

in Aberdeenfhire, in the pariihes

of

Crimond and Loumay, about

in length.

a mile

and comprehending 40,230 Englifh acres, of which not more than 3000 are arable. The arable land, which is
tolerably fertile, lies for the molt part on the Dee, and the fmall rivers Feugb and Dye, which areits tributary ftreams. Through this parifh is a fine road over the Cairn-o''-mount, leading from Brechin N. to Invernefs. The altitude of the higheft of the Grampian hills, which are within this parifh, was, by

a late accurate meafurement, found to be as follows: Kerloak 1890 feet, MoJitbattack 3450, and Kloachnabane 2370, above the fea level. Blackball, an excellent modern building, the feat of Francis Ruffel, Efq. is the only manfion of note in the parifh. In 1 791, the population was about 700 ; decreafe 96 fmce 175:5. ALL ALE ; a vale in ST the county of Sutherland. a vale in Perthfhire, which formerly gave title of Vifcount to the family of Drummond, attainted in 1745.
.

RATH

AD

STRATHALLAN;

STRATHARDLE;

a valley in
a
diftriet
title

Perthshire.

STRATHAVEN;
Banff-fhire,

in

which gives fecond Baron to the Earl of Aboyne.

of

It

was

the paternal eftate of the chief of the clan of Gordon.

STRATHAVEN.or AVENDALE
a parifh in Lanarkihire.

It covers 550 acres, and is feparated from the fea by a ridge of fandy hills about half a mile broad. In the beginning of the laft century, it communicated with the fea, and veffels of fmall burden could enter it but, about 1720, a ftrong E. wind blew the fand into the channel, and ftopped the communication, by forming a bar of fand. a beautiful vale in the counties of Stirling and. Dumbarton, formed by the Lennox bills on the S., and the Grampians on the N., in the middle of which runs the water of Blane, meandering through rich paftures and fertile fields. This ftrath comprehends the pafiih.es of Buchannan, Drymen, Kilmarnock, Killearn, and Strathblane. a parifh in Stir; lingmire, in the valley of the fame name, in the N.W. corner of Stirlingfhire, of a rectangular form, 5 miles long, and 4. bread. The general appearance is agreeably picturefque: the land in the valley is exceedingly fertile, and beautified by feveral neat villas while the fides of the hills are clothed with the luxuriant foliage of natural woods : beyond thefe there is a couderable extent of muiriand,- covered with heath, but affording good pafture for fheep. Towards the W., the hill of Dumgoiack prcfents a lingular and ftriking appearance ; infulated in the middle of the valley, of a coni-

STRATHBLANE;

,'

SRATHBLANE

Vide Aven-

cal

figure,

and completely covered

DALE.
a confidersble town in that parifh. pleafantly fituated on the Aven. Its chief branch of manufacture is the cotton, inwhich nearly
;

with wood,

STRATHAVEN

it forms an interefting fcene ; whilft a cliff of the oppofite hill, projecting like a pedeftal, directs the eye, as it were, through an immenfe vifta to the plains below, where

TR

STR

the profpecl is bounded by the lofty ^of the Nochtte with the Don. BcfideA mountains on the fide of Loch Lomond. that fmall river, there are feveral There are 3 old catties, Mugdock and ftreams which flow from the adjacent Duntreatk, which have been ftrong- mountains, and join the Don in its ly fortified : the latter is the maniion- courfe through the parifh. Upon the houfe of the great barony of Dun- banks of thefe waters there are conlitreath, in right whereof the proprietor derable patches of arable land ; but fat hi the Scottiih parliament, without the general appearance of the country election or patent. The prefent pro- is hilly, and covered with heath, afprietor, Sir Archibald Edmonitone, fording pafture to large flocks of fheep, Bart, is lineally defcended from the and fhelter to abundance of game. royal family of Stuart. Oppolite the The hills of Curgarff, in particular, caftle of Mugdock is a fquave tower, are noted for the latter production, the echo of which repeats a fyllable and are reforted to by fportfmen from fix times distinctly. The river Blojie, every part of the kingdom. The live in this parifli, forms the cafcade called flock is calculated to be as follows, the Spout of Ballagan, at which a re- viz. horfes552, black cattle 2286, and markable lection ofthe adjoining hill fheep 8540. The only places of reis prefented; (videBLANE.) 1111794, fidence are Glenkindy, the feat of Mr. the population was 620 ; decreafe 177 Keith, and Acbernacb, the feat of Mr. fince 175?. Forbes. The moft ancient building is the caftle of Curgarff, on the great ; a diftricT: of Aberdeenfhire, formerly one of the road from Edinburgh to Fort George great divilionsof that ihire, called lord- it is fuppofed to have been a huntingihips or thanages, comprehending the feat of the Earl of Marr, and was whole original eftate which King Ro- burnt in 1571 by the Gordons, during bert Bruce gave to the noble family the feuds between that family and the of Gordon, the anceftors of the Duke Forbefies : it was afterwards repaired, of Gordon. It extends over a furface and, in 1745, purchafed by governof 120 fquare miles, including the ar- ment to accommodate a fmall garriable and uncultivated land, lying on fon of 20 or aj men ; but, for fome each fide of the river Bogie, which years paft, it has been inhabited only difcharges itfelf into the Deveron at by a corporal's party of invalids. Huntly ; which town, from that cir- Within this parifli is a detached part cumftance, was formerly denominated of the parifh of Tarland, which is orby the fame name ; as the lordihip of namented by not fewer than 4 genwhich, it is the chief town. tlemens feats, viz. Edinglaffie, the feat a valley in Perth- of Mr. Houfton ; Skeliatar, the feat fhire, in the parifh of Little Dunkeld. of Mr. Forbes ; bit'crearnan, the feat a valley in Su- of Mr. J. Forbes ; and Candacraig^ ; the feat of Mr. Anderfon. In 1793, therlandfhire. the parifli contained 1524 inhabit; an ancient Scottifn nation or principality, the capital ants; decreafe 226 fince 1755. ; a valley in Moof which was Alcuid or Dumbarton. a diitrift in rayfhire. ; or STRATHAberdeen and Banfffhires, being a cona beautiful valley in Perthtinuation of the vallev of Strathhogie. ; a valley in shire, watered by the Erne, and a; Angus- Ihire, watered by the river dorned with numerous villages and

STRATHBOGIE

STRATHBRAN;

STRATHBRON

STRATHCLYDE

STRATHERIN

STRATHDEVON

STRATHERNE, EARN
'

STRATHDIGHTY
;

Dighty.
a parifh in Aberon the weftern border ofthe county, about 50 miles It is diftant from the county town. very extenfive, being about 28 miles
deeriftiire,

gentlemens
fituated

feats.
;

STRATHDON

STRATHERROCK
vernefs-fhire.

a vale in In-

STRATHFILLAN;
Perthshire,
shire,

a vale in

on the borders of Argyll-

long, and from 7 to 8 broad, occupying the head of the valley in which the river Do.- purfues its courfe to the German ocean. It was formerly named Invernaehtie, from the iituation of the
kirk,

noted in former times for a facred pool dedicated to St. Fillau, efleemed highly fanative in almoft every
difeafe.

STRATHFLEET
therlandihire.

a valley in Su*

which ftands

at the confluence

STR
or STRAa vallev in Perthfhire. ; a parifli in ; Forfarfhire, about;z miles fquare, lying in the pleafant and beautiful vale which is watered by the Dighty. The fiirface is pretty level, and the foil It is the property light and fandy. of Captain Laird of Strathmartin, and Walter Ogilvie, Efq. ofTuMdelph-hall, who have enclofed and greatly improved their eftaf.es. The former gentleman has erected an elegant modern houfe, on the fite of the old caftle of Strathmartin. On the W. fide of the parifli, on Clattu muir, are the traces of a camp, which is generally believed to have been occupied by Agricola's army, and afterwards by the armies of Sir William Wallace and .General Monk. In 1796, this parifli was united to that of Mains of Fintry ; fo that the population in 1801 may be thus ftated. In the united parifhes of Strath-

STR
reftridfced fenfe,

STRATHGARTNEY,

to that part of the

is

GARTNEY STRATHMARTIN

" Great Strath" which

bounded by

the Sidlatus, extending from Metbvencqfile in Perthshire, to the village of Laurencekirk in Mearns. Strathmore gives title of Earl to the family of

Lyon.
landfhire,

a river of Sutherinto an arm of the lea called Loch Hope. On the banks of this river are the ruins of the famous ancient fortification Dun Dornadilliz.
;

Strathmore
which

falls

STRATHNAIRN,
county of Nairn.

otherwife or

the

Vide Nairn.

STRATHNAVER,

NAVERN

STRATH-

a diftrict in Sutherlandfliire, which gives fecond title of Baronefs to the Countefs of Sutherland.
;

a beautiful vale in Rofs-fhire, near the town of Dingwall. In this vale is 3 celebrated mineral fpring, called the Well of
Strathpejer, ftrongly impregnated with

STRATHPEFFER;

fulphurated hydrogenous

martin and Mains, 1442; increafe 224 fince 1795 ; at which time the population of the two parifhes was as under: In Mains, 878 Strathmartin, 340

STRATHPHILLAN.

sraz.

Vide

Strathfillan.
a diftrict in Invernefs and Morayfhires, celebrated for its great forefts of fir ; the property of the Duke of Gordon, and Sir

STRATHSPEY;

Total,

1 218

James Grant of Grant.

Strathy (Loch) ; a lake in Sua parifh in Fifelhire, about $\ miles long, and $\ therlandfliire, which difcharges itfelf broad, lying on the fmall water of by a river of the fame name into the Miglo, one of the tributary dreams of Northern fea, at a fmall creek called the Eden. The furface is partly flat, Strathy bay. Head; a promontory and partly hilly, and the foil is equally confklerable part is en- in Sutherlandfliire, forming the various. clofed, and the whole is well culti- boundary of Strathy bay ; fo named The village of Strathmiglo, from the river which runs into it. vated. a diftrict in Banffwhich contains upwards of 200 inhabitants, is diftant 4 miles from Falk- fliire, often named Stryla. STRELITZ; a village in Perthfhire, land, and 15 from Cupar-Fife, on the road from the latter town to Kinrofs. in the parifh of Cargill ; fo named in In 1 79 1, the population of Strathmiglo honour of her Majefty. It was built parifh was 980; decreafe 115 fince in 1763, by the commiflioners for managing the annexed eftates, and was if55' RE, or the Great intended as a place of refidence for Strath ; a name applied to that valley the difcharged fbldiers at the concluwhich traverfes the kingdom from fion of the German war. It confifts Stonehaven in Kincardineihire on the of upwards of 80 dwelling-houfes, E., to the diftrict of Cowall in Ar- built in a heat manner, forming a fpaIts northern cious ftreet 90 feet broad, watered by gyllfhire on the boundary is formed by the Grampian a fmall ftream which runs through it. mountains ; and on the S., the Sid- To every houfe is annexed a good laws, the Ochils, and the Lennox hills garden, with about 3 acres of land form its boundary. The whole vale properly enclofed ; and the whole vilniterfperfed lage is finely fheltered by belts and is fertile and pleafant, with numerous towns, villages, and ftripes of planting. In 1793, it cor.* elegant feats. Strathmore, how- tained nearly 350 inhabitants, ever, is more generally applied, in a z
'

STRATHMIGLO;

Strathy

W.

STRATHYLA;

STRATH MO

W.

3L

STR
AberdeenBuchan, comprehending about 8000 acres ; of an oblong form, (loping to the banks of the Ugie, which divides into two nearly equal parts, and falls into the fea about 13 miles below. The face of the country is -much improved by plantations ; and there are fome old trees around the houfe of Strichen, the feat of Mr. Frazer, which were of
a parifh in
fhire, in the diftridt of

STR
to the fword for the determination of their quarrel, they agreed to a curious mode of deciding it. Some venomous animals were brought to Stroma, and continued to live in it ; whereas, all fuch die when tranfported to the Orkneys : the ifiand was therefore adjudged to belong to Caithnefs. It
is

STRICHEN;

very productive of corn ; but the crops are fometimes damaged by the ipray of the fea. The rocks all aiize fufficient to attract the notice of round, but efpecially on the W. fide, Dr. johnfon, and to draw from him are very high ; and the height of the the following obfervation. " I had waves, which beat againft them durnow," fays he, in his Tour through ing a ftorm from the W., exceeds all Scotland, " travelled 200 miles, and defcription. In the caverns of this had onlyfeenone tree not younger than ifiand were formerly feen feveral humyfelf ; but at Stricken, I faw trees of man bodies, in a itate of great prefervation, though they had been dead full growth, and worthy of my notice!" The village of Strichen is diftant about upwards of 60 or 80 years. On the 15 miles from Peterhead, and contains W. fide of the ifiand are the ruins of about 200 inhabitants, who are chiefly an old caftle. STROMNESS a confiderable town employed in the linen manufacture. The fide of one of the hills is covered in the ifiand of Pomona, in Orkney, with ftones of a white colour, probably in the united parifh of Sandwick and of the nature of the fetun/e of the Stromnefs, poffeffing an excellent harPentland hills, in 1792J the popula- bour, and enjoying a confiderable fotion was 1400; increaie 242 fince 1755. reign and coafting trade. The entry STRICKATHROVV; a parifh in to the harbour is from the S., and is the county of Forfar, about 7 miles about a quarter of a mile broad. There long, and 2 broad, ftretching acrofs is a fand bank on the W. fide of the the valley of Strathmore. The furface, entrance, which is not dangerous, and which rifes at each extremity, is un- two fmall ifiands or rocks on the E. commonly pleafant and the foil varies fide, which point out the entrance. from a rich clay to a black gravel, The harbour is well fheltered from all though the former is the moft preva- winds, and affords fafe anchorage for Very little of the parifh is en- veffels of upwards of 1000 tons burlent. clofed ; but, upon the whole, confider- den. The bay is not above a mile able attention is paid to agriculture. long, and half a mile broad ; but is Freeftone and hmeftone are abund- one of the fafeft harbours in the northant; but, though the latter is wrought, ern parts of the kingdom. Very large the great diftance and expence of fuel veffels ufually anchor in Cairjlon ready render the advantages which might on the outfide of the fmall ifiands The but there the tide is ftronger, and the accrue from it lefs general. church-yard of Strickathrow is noted waves, efpecially with a S. wind, very The town of Stromnefs, as having been the fcene of the abject. impetuous. furrender of the crown of Scotland by in the beginning of the laft century, John Baliol to King Edward 1. in 1296. was fmall, and much hampered in its In 1801, the population was 593 ; de- commerce by the neighbouring royal creafe 79 fince 1791 ; but an increafe borough of Kirkwall ; which, acting upon an act of parliament of William pf 64 fince 1755. a fmall ifiand, fituated and Mary, that denies the benefit of ; in the Pentland Frith, about 3 miles trade to all other places except royal from the ihore of Caithnefs. It is a- boroughs, exa&ed from the town of bout a mile long, and half a mile Stromnefs a fhare of the cefs or burbroad ; is inhabited by 170 perfons, dens to which Kirkwall was liable, and rents at 120I. fterhng. 1 he pro- The town of Stromnefs refufed to pay perty of this ifiand was once difputtd the exaction, and was nearly ruined between the Earls of Orkney and by the expences of the procefs before Caithnefs. Jnflead of having recourfe the Court of Seflipn and the Houfe of
; ;

'

STROMA

STR
but, in the year 17.58, it was finally fettled in favour of Stromnefs; and, lince that time, its trade and commerce have greatly increafed. In 1794, it contained 222 houles, and

SUD
STRONSAY
in

Lords

and ED AY; a pariih Orkney, comprehending the iilands

of

Stronsay, Eday, Papa Stron-

,44 inhabitants.

STRONSAY?
ifles, is 7 V

one of the Orkney

say, Fairay, and 9 holms or palture ifles. In 1787, the population was 1488; increafe 473 ftnee 177a; crroneoufly ftated in the index of Sir

a place in Argyll; the pariih of Ardnamurchan, noted for its lead mines. There is a ; fmall village erected for the accommodation of the miners. The mines of this place are famous for having given to the world a new fpecies of earth, which is diftinguiihed by the name ofjirontites. The characters of Its colour is this mineral are thefe. whitifh or light green ; its luftre common ; its tranfparency intermediate, which they afford for the making of between femitranlparent and opaque ; kelp, of which this ifland on an aver- its fracture ftriated, prefenting oblong age produces no lefs than 300 tons diftinct concretions, fomewhat uneven per annum. There are two fafe har- and bent ; its liardnefs moderate, bebours in the ifland, viz. Ling Bay, a ing ealily fcratched, but not fcraped ; found on the W. fide of the ifland, it is very brittle, and its fpecific graflickered by the holm of Ling ; and vity is from 3.4, to 3.644. IndepenPapa Sound-, lying between Stronfay dent of tinging flame of a blood red The furface of colour, it is found to difagree with and Papa-Strortfay. he ifland is rugged, a ridge of hills barytes in its order of chemical attracrunning its' whole length from N. to tion, holding an intermediate rank beS. The foil is a dry, friable blackifh twixt barytes and lime. An hundred earth, lying on a clay bottom, mixed parts of jlrontites are compefed of with fmall ftones, which in many 60.21 of pure earth, 30.20 of carboplaces have been turned up by the nic acid gaz, and 8.59 of water. It plough, and render the foil very gra- was firft difcovered in 1790, and anaThe hill paflure feed about lyzed by Dr. Kirwan, and Dr. T. C. velly. 3000 fheep, 900 head of black cattle, Hope, of Edinburgh ; the latter of vein of whom read a paper to the Royal So500 horfes, and 300 fwine. lead was difcovered many years ago, ciety of Edinburgh, on its chemical on the W. coaft of the ifland, but has properties, in 1793. a parifli in Perth, never been properly examined- There is a mineral fpring, called the well of fliire, united to Blair-Athol. Vide Kildinguie, containing a great quan- Blair-Athol. a parifli in Perth tity of aerial acid, which caufes it to fparkle in the glafs like the Seltzer fliire, united to Monivaird. Vide water. Tradition fays, that it was in Monivaird. STRYLA, contracted for Strathfo high repute while the Orkneys were fubject to Denmark, that per- isla or Strathyla; a dilTricr. in fons of the firil rank in that kingdom Banfffliire. Stuic-a-chroin ; a mountain in ufed to come over to drink its waters. Hence arol'e a proverbial faying, ftill Perthfhire, in the pariih of Callander. Y ; a pariih in Rofs-fhire, in ufe in the illand, " that the well S U of Kihlingide can cure all maladies, ex- united to Kilmuir-Wktser in formcept black death." There are the re- ing a parochial charge ; which is now mains of 4 chapels on the ifland. In generally named Knockeain. Vide 179a, the niiiTiber of inhabitants wa,s Knockbain, i about 900.
shire, in
.

and nearly of the fame breadth but fo indented by long and narrow bays, that no place of the ifland is above a mile and an half diftant from the fea. The coaft is partly flat, and partly rocky, having two remarkable promontories Burrowhead on the S.E., and Rothejholm or Rodnumhead on the S. W. There are three fandy bays, which, however, do not afford fafe anchorage, on account of the jlcrries or low funk rocks with which they are interfperfed. Thefe rocks, however, are the chief fource of emolument to the inhabitants, from the immenfe quantity of fea ware
long,
;

miks

John
887
;

Sinclair's Statiftical

Account

at

STRONSAY (PAPA).
STRONTIAN

decreafc 128 from 1772.

Vide

Papa Stronsay.

STROWAN;

STROWAN;

DD

SUT
SuDfcA'Wr.

SUT
A

head. number of fmall iflands are imall infulated rock fcattered along the coaft ; few of in the northern diftrict of the He- which are inhabited, or fit for any brides, about a quarter of a mile in thing but the pafturage of fheep and circuit, lying 4 leagues E. of the ifland black cattle. The E. coaft is alfo of the rugged, but in a far lefs degree than of Ron a, and 13 leagues N. butt of Lewis. It is noted for its great the N. and W. coafts. It alfo poffeffes feveral commodious harbours and abundance and variety of fea fowl. Sunart (Loch) ; a navigable in- fifhing ftations, chiefly at the mouth let of the fea, between the {hires of of the rivers which run into the fea Argyll and Invernefs ; about 20 miles on this coaft. The foil, where it admits of culture, though various in its long, and from i\ to % miles broad. a diftrict in Argyllfhire, quality, is in general fuperior to the lying in the parifh of Ardnamurchan, arable lands of Rofs-fhire ; but the upon the coaft of the arm of the fea ftate of agriculture is far behind. In the northern diftrict s, the chief inftruof the fame name. is one of ment of culture is the cafcroim or the molt northerly counties of Scot- crooked fpade. As this inftrument land, extending the whole breadth of of hufbandry has been often menthe ifland ; about 80 miles in length tioned in the accounts of the Highfrom N. to S. E., and 40 miles in lands and Hebrides, it may not be breadth ; bounded on the N. E. by improper in this place to give a deCaithnefs ; on the E. and S. E. by the fcription of it. It is a crooked piece German ocean and the Frith of Dor- of wood, thick at the lower end, anoch ; on the S. and S. W. by Rofs- bout %\ feet long, and armed with a fhire ; on the by the Atlantic piece of iron, made thin and fquare, ocean ; and on the N. by the great to cut the earth. This is termed the North fea. It comprehends the dif- head, and it is affixed with an obtufe tricts of Strathnaver, Affint, and Su- angle ; the fhaft, which is pretty therland ; the former of which was ftraight, about 6 feet long, and taformerly a county of itfelf. The face pering to the upper end : juft below of the country is mountainous and the obtufe angle, formed by the juncrocky ; the more inland parts pre- tion of the fhaft and head, there is a fenting nothing to the eye but vaft hole, in which a ftrong peg is fixed groups of mountains, partly covered for the workman's right foot, in pufhwith forefts, and partly bleak and bar- ing the head into the earth ; while, ren heaths, the (loping fides only co- in the mean time, ftanding upon the vered with verdure ; and the valleys left foot, and holding the fhaft firm occupied by numerous pleafant lakes with both hands, when he has driven and rivers, the chief of which are the head of the cafcroim far enough Loch Shin, Loch Naver, Loch Yol or into the earth with one bend of his Lyol ; and the rivers Shin, Naver,. body, he raifes the clod by the ironStratbjt Strathmore, Brora, Sec. A- headed part of the inftrument, making long the fides of this mountainous dif- ufe of the heel or angle as a fulcrum; tricl are extenfive tracts of heath and in fo doing, he turns it over always mofs ; and along the coaft there are to the left hand, and then proceeds many fine arable fields ; yet the fur- to pufh for another clod in the fame With all its difadvantages, face is by no means level, but par- form. takes of the rugged appearance of the however, when compared with the interior, though in a far lefs degree. improved agricultural inftruments, the The coafts, for the moft part, on the cafcroim is beft adapted for moft of the

Vide Sidlaw.

Sulisker; a

W.

SUNART;

SUTHERLANDSHIRE

W.

W.

N. and W. coafts,

are bold and rocky, indented by numerous bays of great extent, and having many promontoThe ries extending into the ocean. principal arms of the fea are Lochs Eribolc, Durnefs, Laxford, Inchaid,
Loivie, Sec. and the chief promontories are Cape Wrath, Point Affynt,

Highland

diitricts;

for,

amongft fo

Far-out-head, Whiten-head, and St rat by-

rocks, a plough can fcarcely be and, where rocks are wanting, 11 fed ; the foil is in general fo marfhy, as not to bear the weight of the horfes. It is faid that one man can turn over more ground in a day with this inftrument, than four are able to do with a common fpade. The principal crops

many

SUT
raifcd in Sutherland, are oats

SWI

and bear many veins of lead ore very rich in alternately, with a few potatoes. The filver, but as yet none have been climate is temperate, efpecially on the wrought ; ironitone is very abundant E. coaft ; towards AJJint and the N. and in Strathnaver, Affint, and EdW., it is rather cold and damp, from derachylis, are diftinct marks of its the vicinity to the fea, and fubjecc to having formerly been wrought, and frequent ftorms. The mountains af- fmelted with wood. A rich vein of ford pafturage to numerous flocks of black oxyd of manganeze has been fheep and herds of black cattle, which lately difcovered near the Frith of
conftitute the chief branch of

merce. There are 3 great deer forefts, belonging to the three great proprietors to the Countefs of Sutherland, Lord Reay, and Mr. Moriibn. The other kinds of game are found in great plenty ; as common and alpine hares, muirfowl, black cocks, ptarmigans, wild pigeons, partridges, Sec. befides a bird peculiar to the county, called
;

The mineralogy of this com- Dornoch. county and Rofs-fhire deferves more attention, and there is no doubt that the difcoveries would amply repay the trouble. Sutherland has been an
in the Sutherland family the year 1057. It fends one member to parliament ; and it is lingular, that there are no freeholders of the county, all the voters and proprietors holding of the family of Sutherland, an act of parliament being paffed for that fpecial purpofe. The valued rent of Sutherland is 26,193!. 9s. 9d. Scots, and the real rent is efti-

earldom
fince

Knag, which refembles a parrot, and its nefl with its beak in the trunks of trees. The lakes and rivers abound with various kinds of fifh ; and fevedigs
ral rivers, particularly the Helm/dale,

are noted for the abundance of falmon. The people of Sutherland are hardy, and make excellent foldiers they are chiefly Proteftants ; and, like the inhabitants of Caithnefs, for the moft part fpeak the language of the Lowlanders. Sutherland contains only one town, viz. Domocb, which is a royal borough, and the county town and feveral fmall fifhing villages. It is divided into 13 parochial diftricts, containing, in 1790-8, 22,961 inhabitants; increafe 2187 fince 175J. The names of the inhabitants are chiefly Sutherland, Mackay, Macclay, Macleod, and Moriibn. There are few feats of any note ; but there are many ancient Pictifh houfes, fimilar to thofe in Orkney and Caithnefs.

mated

at

about 9,754!.

fterling.

Sutherland has abundance of freeftone, limeftone, and flate ; the limeftone in many places, particularly in

of the nature of marble. Rock cryftals and pebbles are found in many parts ; and beautiful garnets are found on the coaft, in the pariih of Tongue. There are feveral veins of coal ; but the quality is far from good, and the veins are too fmall to Although the be of confequence. fearch after metals in this county has been very limited, yet confiderable riches of that kind have been difcovered. are allured that native gold has been found in the debris, at the foot of the mountains. There are
Affint,
is

two rocky promontories ; one on each fide of the opening of the Frith of Cromarty. Sweetheart, or New Abbey; an ancient rnonaftery in the pariih of New Abbey, in Kirkcudbright ftewartry. Vide New Abbey. a fmall ifland, about a ; mile long, and half a mile broad, lying nearly in the middle of the Pentland Frith. It is a barren and inhoipitable ifland, containing 5 or 6 families, or 22 inhabitants, who gain a livelihood by the high wages for pilotage through that dangerous ftrait. At each fide of it are the dangerous whirlpools, called the Wells of Sivinna Swinna belongs to (vide Orkney.) the parochial diftrict of South RonaldJhay and Burray. ; a parifh in Berwickfhire, united to that of Simprin in The united pariih extends 4 1 7 61. miles in length from E. to W., and

Sutors

of Cromarty;

SWINNA

SWINTON

from

3 to 3 1 in breadth.

The

general

appearance is neither uniformly flat, nor is it mountainous or rocky; it ex-

We

by gently floping ridges, with alternate flats. The foil in general is deep, and for the moft part fertile, and to a high degree productive of grafs. Some of the flats; are marfhy ; but the greater part is arable, and under culture. The only ftream of importance is the Leet} the
hibits a furface varied

SYM

YM

hanks of which are very flat, arid much (hire, in the diftrict of Kyle, rathef expofed to inundations. The only more than 4 miles long, and if miles mineral is freeftone, of excellent qua- broad. The furface prefents an agreeThe village of Swinton is fitu- ably diveriified landfcape of gently lity. ated at the N. E. corner of the parifh, riling grounds and Hoping fields, with and, in 1793, contained 357 inhabit- numerous enclofures, clumps of plantants. The village of Simprin is much ing, and gentlemens feats. The foil imaller, containing only 75. The is in general clayey, or a rich black greateft curiofity in the parifli, is the loam, on a freeftone bottom. The antiquity of the family of Swinton. whole parifh contains about 2100 aThis family is faid to have received cres, of which upwards of one half is the firft grant of thefe lands for clear- cultivated, and another fourth part
ing the diftrict &if<wine, which at that
fufceptible of cultivation.

The

village

time much infefted it. This fact does not reft merely on tradition for the name, the bearings of the arms, and other circumftances, feem to corroborate the opinion. The Swintons afterwards made a confpicuous figure in the reign of Malcolm Canmore, who confirmed to them the property of the whole parifh, by one of the firft charters granted in Scotland, and ftill
;

of Symington, which contains about 204 inhabitants, is delightfully fituated on the great road from Port-Patrick On the to Glafgow and Edinburgh. S. W. borders of the parifh is the houfe of"Rofemount, the elegant feat of William Fullarton, Efq. with the exIn tenfive policies and plantations. 1792, the population was 610 ; increafe

251 fince 17^5.

preferved in the archives of Durham. Since that time, it appears that 22 barons, including the late proprietor, occupied the eftate during a period of 73 1 years ; the average of which is upwards of 2,1 years to each proprietor: this is the more remarkable, when we recollect the turbulent fpirit of ariftocracy, and the vicinity of England, which gave rife to fo frequent feudal broils and border wars during that long period. In 1792, the population of the united pariihes was 898; increafe 404 fince 1755. ; a parifh in Ayr-

SYMINGTON; a parifh in Lanarkfhire,'of nearly a circular figure, 3 miles in diameter. The furface is in general

Doping from the bafe of the hill of Tlnto to the Clyde. The greater part
level,
is

enclofed, and well cultivated. The fmall village of Symington is fituated on the Clyde, about 30 miles from E-

SYMINGTON

dinburgh, and 33 from Glafgow. Near it is an eminence called the Caftk-hill> which appears to have been ftrongly fortified. In 1792, the population of the parifh of Symington was 307 ; in* creafe 43 fince 1755.

TA
TAIN,
;

TA!
Tayne ground
on the
have been feued for building* eftate of Mr. Macleod of This fuburb is feparated Geanies. from the town by a fmall river, over
'

(fometimes written

and Thane) a royal borough and county town of Rofs-fhire, feated on the S. of the Frith of Dornoch, which is fometimes named the Frith of Tain. The town is old, and irregularly built; but there are a number of new houfes, and an elegant building for afiemblies, and the meetings
of free mafons. The town has lately received a confiderablc increafe towards the E. } where fcveral acres of

a handfome bridge. The an old but elegant fabric, formerly collegiate, built in 1471, and dedicated to St. Duthus. 1 he town has long enjoyed the charter of a royal borough, and unites with Dingwall, Dornoch, Kirkwall, and Wick, ia fending a representative to parliament.

which

is

church

is

TAN
It Contains

TAR

clay than fand. The only remarkable mountain is St. Arnold's Seat, on the Frith of Dornoch 8 miles in length, top of which is a huge cairn. On and 2 in breadth. The furface is in the banks of the EJk ftands the houfe general flat, riling into fmall hills to- of InJ/mvcn, the refidence of John wards its weftern fhore the fea coaft Ogilvie, Efq. Near the eaftern exis flat and fandy the arable land, tremity of the parifh is a fmall valley, which is about one-fifth of the whole, called the Devil's Honvs or Hollozvs, is various in quality, but tolerably fer- from whence large pieces of earth are the hilly parts are either cover- fometimes thrown out by the fpontatile ed with black heath, or planted. The neous combuftion of martial pyrites, chief feats in this parifh are Anker- of which there is a ftratum at the depth of a foot and an half or two I'ille, the feat of David Rofs, Efq. one of the fenators of the Court of Seffion, feet below the furface. On the N. by the title of Lord Ankerville ; and lide of the EJk formerly ftood the caf-

The

parifh of

about 1350 inhabitants. Tain extends along the

Little Tarrel, the feat of

Mr.

Baillie.

the town are the remains of a fmall chapel, dedicated, as well as the church, to St. Duthus. To this chapel, it is reported, King James IV., by way of penance, travelled on foot from Falkland with uncommon expedition, refting only a fhort time at Plufcardine abbey, near Elgin. In 1 791, the population of the parifh of Tain was 2100; increafe 230 fince

Near

of ^ueicb, the refidence of the Earls of Buchan ; of which, however, there are now no remains. The fituation is exceedingly romantic, and appears much better adapted for the refidence of a chieftain, from the fecurity it
tle

promifed, than from its pleafantnefs. It was built on the fummit of a precipitous rock, almoft infulated by the river which waihes three fides of its bafe. There are alfo veftiges of old caftles, at Aucbloiverie and Barnyards. fJSS(fometimes called In 1801, the population was 1373 ; Tomantoul) ; a fmall village in decreafe 118 fince 175 tTARANSAY; one of the northern Banfffliire, in the parifh ofKirkmichael. It lies in the midft of the Highlands, Harris Ifles. It is a high rocky ifland, on the banks of the Aven, on the great about 4 miles long, and 1 broad. road to Invernefs. It is entirely com- There is little or no foil on the whole pofed of turf-covered hovels, except ifland ; and the occupation cf the inthe parifh church, and a neat meeting- habitants is fifhing and burning of houfe for thofe of the Roman Catholic kelp. Near Taranfay is a large verperfuafion. It has two well attended dant ifland, which is frequented by fairs yearly. In 1792, it contained 37 vaft flocks of geefe. On Taranfay are the remains of two religious houfes, families, or about 220 inhabitants. Tanar; a river in Aberdeenfhire, concerning which even tradition does which falls into the Dee near the not hazard a conjecture. church of Aboyne. It gives name of ; a pariih partly in RofsGlentanar to the diftricl: through fhire, and partly in Cromarty, occuwhich it runs, now united to the pying the extremity of the peninfula parifh of Aboyne. On its banks is formed by the Friths cf Cromarty the foreft of Glentanar the greateft and Dornoch, about 7^ miles long, length of which is 10, and the great- and &,\ at its greateft breadth. It has eft breadth 6 miles. 15 miles of fea coaft, which, for the TANNADICE,orTANNADYSE moil part, is bold and rocky, excaa parifh in Forfarlhire, about 13 miles vated into numerous caves covered long, and on an average 4 broad ; with ftalactical incruftations. At one though, in fome places, its breadth place the coaft is fandy, and affords a extends to 8 or 10. The river South fafe harbour at Port-maholmack, where EJk runs through it, as well as the there was formerly a pier, built at the' limpid Koran, which here joins the expence of the firft Earl of Cromarty, former river. The greater part of but now fallen into ruins through nethe parifh is hilly and mountainous glect. At the northernmoft part of the and the banks of the rivers prefent a coaft alfo, is a fmall creek, called variety of romantic fcenes. The foil Port-cbajleil or Cajlle-bai'en, from the is in general good, more inclined to ruins of a caftle near it. The furface

TAMMTOUL

TARBAT

-,

TAR
is

TAR
and the Invernefs-fhire, about 3 mile's in cirvarying from ference, in which are feveral beautiful
;

irregular,

but not

hilly

and,' after a courfe of 7 or 8 miles, falls into Loch Ne/i, at a fmall diftance from the aeftuary of the Oich, between which, on the point of land, is Fort Auguftus. a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, united to that of Migvy. The united parifh forms a moft disjoined 214 fince 1755. Tarbatness; the extremity of and irregular diftric"t, lying on the the parifh of Tarbat, being the point weftern borders of the county. The of land formed by the Friths of Cro- village of Tarland, fituated nearly in the center of the diftricT: of Cromar, marty and Dornoch. a parifh in Ayr- is a burgh of barony, with a weekly ; fhire, in the diftrict of Kyle, about 7 market, and 6 annual fairs. It conor 8 miles long, and 6 broad. Its fur- tains about 150 inhabitants. The face is diveriified with many inequali- lands about the village are moftly flat ties, interlperfed with marines, and and level ; but the greater part of the heath-covered eminences. Though, parifh is mountainous, and the feafons The mountains are generally in former times, its general appear- cold. ance has been exceedingly rude, yet covered with heath, and afford pretty the greater part is now well culti- good pafturage for fheep, and in fome vated. The live ftock is eftimated at places for cattle : they abound with 386 horfes, 1800 cows, and 500 fheep; game of all kinds. The water of the management of cattle for the dairy Dejkry runs by the village of Tarland occupies the chief attention of the and a disjoined part of the parifh, lyfarmer. The village of Tarbolton, ing in Strathdon, is watered by the containing about 450 inhabitants, is river Don. In this detached corner fituated 9 miles E. of the town of are fituated the manfion-houfes of Ayr ; it is neatly built, and contains Mr. Forbes of Skellator, Mr. Forbes two neat mafon lodges. Near the of Itrverearnan, Mr. Anderfon of Canvillage ftands the ruinous monaftery dacraig, and Mr. Houfton of Edinof Feak, having a fniall hamlet of the glajfie. In 1792, the population was fame name befide it. It belonged to 1100; decreafe 200 fince 1755. the monks of the order of Clugni, Tarras ; a fmall river in Dumbeing a dependency on the abbey of fries-fhire, which rifes in the parifh of Paifiey. At a fmall diftance from it Ewes, and falls into the EJk 3 miles below the town of Langholm. It is is the elegant manfion of Coihfield, the property of the Earl of Eglinton. remarkable for its praerupt channel, Entcrkine, the feat of Mr. Cunning- its romantic fcenery, and for having ham, and Smithjlone, the feat of Mr. given title of Earl to the family of Cooper, are alfo elegant refidences. Scott, now conjoined Buccleugh. Tarth; a fmall river in the county In 1796, the population was about of Peebles, which falls into the Tweed 1200 ; decreafe 16.5 fince 1755. Tarf ; a river in the ftewartry of near the church of Newlands. Kircudbright, which riles from a fmall a parifh in Aberdeen; lake called Lech Whinnoch, in the pa- fhire, about 9 milts long, and 6 broad, The general rifh of Girthon ; and, after a couife of watered by the Tthan. a 1 miles along the W. fide of the pa- appearance is flat, interlperfed with The foil is rifh of Tongland, at the fouthern ex- fome hills of fmall fize. tremity of that parifh, unites with the various ; in fome parts deep, in fome Dee. Its banks are in many places a- fhallow, but generally fertile. About dorned with copies of natural wood, 100 acres are covered with thriving and tine fertile meadows, which are plantation. Sh'fves, the feat of Hugh enriched by the flime depofited from Forbes, Efq. is the only manfion in the river in its frequent innundations. [the parifh. In 1792, the population was 1690 ; decreafe 656 fince 1755'. It abounds with trout and falmon. Tarfs (Loch) ; a fmall lake in J

foil is in general fertile, a rich to a fandy loam. The parifh contains 5081 acres ; of which 2998 are arable, 709 pafture, 113 muir, 82 mofs, and 165 planted. The only feat is that of Mr. Macleod of GeaThere is great abundance of nies. marl ; and every part of the parifh affords excellent freeftone. In 1791, the population was 1370; decreafe

wooded
iffues

iflands.

Tarff River,

in Invernefs-fhire,

from Loch Tarff ;

TARLAND;

TARBOLTON

TARVES

TAY
W.

TAY

T.ay (Loch); one of the moft before it joins the body of the lake, it beautiful of the Scottifh lakes, lies in fuddenly becomes very deep. At the Braidalbin, in Perthfhire. It extends extremity of this bay, the water was about 15 miles in length, and from 1 obferved to retire about 5 yards with? in its ordinary boundary, and in 4 or to 2 in breadth, receiving at its S. extremity, the united ft reams of the 5 minutes, to flow out again. In this Dochart and Lochay, and pours forth manner it ebbed and flowed fucoefits waters at the N. E. end by the ri- fively 3 or 4 times, during the fpace ver Toy. Its depth is faid to be from of a quarter of an hour, when, all at
and there is no muft be conGderable, from the height and fteep (lope of the adjacent mountains, which dip their The banks, on bafes in its waters. both fides, are fruitful, populous, and finely diverfified by the windings of the coafts, and the various appearances of the mountains. On a imall promontory, at the eaftern extremity, is the church and village of Kenmore near which, on a fmall ifland covered with trees, ftand the ruins of a priory, which was dependent on the religious eftabliihment of Scone. It was founded in 1122, by Alexander I. King of
15 to 100 fathoms
it
;

doubt

once, the water rufhed from the E. and W. in oppofite currents, towards a line acrofs the bay ; and, about the edge of the deep, rofe in the form of a great wave, to the height of 5 feet above the ordinary level, leaving the bottom of the bay dry, to the diftance of between 90 and 100 yards from its When the opponatural boundary. fite currents met, they made a claming noife, and foamed; and the ftronger impulfe being from the E., the wave, after rifing to its greateft height, rolled weftward, but flowly, diminifhing as it went for the fpace of 5 minutes, when it wholly difappeared. Scotland, who depolited in it the re- As the wave fubfided, the water flowmains of his queen Sybilla, the na- ed back with fome force, and exceed-? tural daughter of Henry I. of Eng- ed its original boundary 4 or 5 yards, land. At his own death the priory and again returned, and continued to was more liberally endowed, that the ebb and flow in this manner for the monks might fay mafs for the repofe fpace of 2 hours; the ebbings fucceedof his foul, as well as that of his queen. ing each other at the diftance of about Loch Toy abounds with falmon, pike, 7 minutes, and gradually leffening eels, perch, charr, and trout ; the ex- till the water fettled in its ordinary clulive privilege of fifhing belongs to level. At the fame time that the un r the Earl of Braidalbin. The waters dulation was obferved in the bay, on of this Jake, like Loch Nefs and others, the S. fide of the village, the river on have at times fuffered violent and un- the N. was feen to run back : the accountable agitations. The follow- weeds at the bottom, which before ing extract of a letter, written by Mr. pointed with the ftream, received a. Fleming, late minifter of Kenmore, contrary direction, and the channel in reply to fome queries fent him by was left dry about 12 feet from either Profeflor Playfair of Edinburgh, and edge. Under the bridge (which is 60 which is published in the firft volume or 70 yards from the lake) the curof the " Tranfaclions of the Royal rent failed, and the bed of the river Society of Edinburgh," contains the appeared, where there had been 18 moft diftincT: account of this pheno- inches of water. During the whole menon that has yet been given to the time that this phenomenon was ob" On Sunday the 12th of ferved, the weather was calm : it public. September, 1784, about 9 o'clock in could barely be perceived that the the morning, an unuiual agitation was direction of the clouds was from the obferved in Loch Tay, near the village N. E. The barometer (as far as of Kenmore. That village ftands at I recoiled) ftood the whole of that the E. end of the lake, having the and the preceding day, about 29^ river, which there iffues from it, on inches. On the next and the 4 fucthe N. fide, and a bay, about 460 ceeding days, an ebbing and flowing yards in length, and 200 in breadth, was obferved nearly about the fame on the S. The greater part of this time, and for the fame length of time ; bay is very mallow, being generally but not at all in the fame degree as fimilar agitation f.0 more than a or 3 feet deep ; but, on the firft day.
3

M%

TA Y
was remarked
in the at intervals,

T
fome days
in the af-

AY
A

morning, other days

till

the 15th of O<5tober; fince which time no fuch thing has been obferved. I have not heard (although I have made particular inquiry) that any motion of the earth Gowrie, a fine level plain, which was felt in this neighbourhood, or the formerly, in all probability, was part agitation of the water was obferved of its channel. Soon after receiving any where, but about the village of the laft river, it enlarges itfelf to about Kenmore." On the 13th July 1794, 3 miles broad, but contracts to 2 miles Loch Tay experienced agitations fimi- at the town of Dundee; about 8 miles lar to thofe defcribed by Mr. Fleming below which, it opens into the Gerbut they were neither fo violent nor man ocean. At the entrance of the continued fo long. It is not our in- Frith, there are fand banks on both tention in this place to give any of fides; thofe on the S. fide named Goa, the theories concerning phenomena and on the N. ABerlay and Drumlon ; of this kind : and, indeed, we muft and before thefe, in the very mouth acknowledge, that we are not yet in of the Frith, lie the Crofs funds, upon poffeffion of a fufficient number of which a buoy is moored, to direct veffacts ; and thofe which are already fels into the river. On the Buttonnefs known, are collected by perfons not or Barry finds, the northern promonfufficiently accurate, to enable us to tory, which forms the mouth of the form any fatisfactory Speculation upon Frith, are 2 light-houfes. Between the fubjedt. the N. and S. finds, the opening may Tay. This noble river, which be about a mile, with about 3 fathoms pours into the ocean a greater quan- water ; but it foon turns wider, and tity of water than any other river in the depth of the roads near Dundee Britain, arifes in Braidalbin, on the is fully 6 fathoms. The river is nafrontiers of Lorn, in Argyllshire ; al- vigable as far as Newburgh, in Fife, though it does not affume the name for veffels of 500 tons ; and veffels of of Tay till it iffues from the lake of confiderable fize can go up as far as that name. At its fource, it has the Perth. The Frith of Tay is not fo name of Fillan:, winding through the commodious as that of the Forth : ftrath of the fame name ; its ftream but, from the Buttonnefs to Perth foon becomes confiderably augmented (nearly 40 miles), the whole may be veral brooks, which fall into it considered as a harbour ; having the b\ from the neighbouring hills. About county of Fife on one fide, and the 10 miles from its fource, it diffufes it- ihires of Angus and Perth on the ofelf into Loch Docbart ; iffuing from ther. There are fewer great falls of that expanfe of water, it lofes the name water on the river Tay, than in moft of Fillan, and gives name oiGkndochart other rivers which rife in a Highland to the vale through which it now district ; but it poiTefles feveral casruns. At the eaftern extremity of cades of confiderable height, partithis vale, it, betides other ftreams, re- cularly at the Linn of Campfie, near ceives the waters of Locbay from the its junction with the IJla, where the N. W. ; and, fhortly after, the united river is precipitated over a huge baftreams are loft in Loch Tay. About 2 faltic dike, into a pool of altonifhing miles after, leaving this lake, it re- depth. There are only a few Small ceives a confiderable addition to its iflands near the town of Perth, and lize from the Lyon, and it continues mugdrum's Inch near Newburgh. The At Logie- lalmon fifhery on the Tay is very exits courfe towards the E. rait, it is joined by the united ftreams tenfive, and the rent has advanced of the Garry and Tummel, a river confiderably of late. Befides the rights which almoft rivals it in fize. Here of fifhing, which many proprietors reit turns towards the S., and receiving tain for their own convenience, it is the waters of the Bran nearDunkcld, calculated that the rents of the river it advances to Perth, augmented by are about 7000I. fterling. The filhing various tributary ftreams, particularly begins on the nth of December, and he IJla at Kiuclaven } the Shpchie at ends on the 36th of Auguft,
.

ternoon,

Lone arty, and the Almond about 2, miles above the bridge of Perth. little below this town, it turns to the S., and receiving, as it proceeds, the waters of the Erne near Elcbo-caflle, it wafhes the coaft of the Carfe of

TEA
TAYNDRUM. Vide Tyndrum. TAYNUILT a fmall ill-built vil;

TE V
Drummond ;

and, forming a junction with the Alien/, falls into the Forth lage in Argyllihire, on the S. coaft of about 3 miles N. W. of Stirling. The Loch Eti-ve, about 6 miles from Bun- river Teath abounds with trout and falmon but the ufe of cruives and aive. nets is not fo convenient in mull TAYNE. Vide Tain.
;

TEALING;
fliire,

law

a parift in Forfarlying on the S. fide of the Sidhills, about 8 miles from Dundee,

places, owing to the rapidity and force with which it pours down, when increafed in fize during a rainy
feafon. The value of this river for driving machinery, is exceeded by fcarcely any in Scotland ; yet it is almoft totally neglected, chiefly from the want of coal and lime. a parifh in Mid-Lothian, lituated on the S. borders of the county, about 11 miles from Edinburgh. Its greateft length is about 9 miles, and its greateft breadth about 5 ; but there is a detached part of the

on the road to Glammifs. It extends about 3 miles in length, and from i to i in breadth, watered by the fmall river Fit hie, a tributary ftream of the
Uigbty.

The

furface flopes gradually

from the mountains toward the S., and the foil varies from a light loam to a rich black mould, and a ftrong wet clay, very retentive of moifture. Agriculture has been much attended
watering of meadow lands, which has been introduced and practifed by Patrick Scryrngeour, Efq. of Tealing, one of the proprietors, who refides in the parifh. The higheft of the Sidlaws,
to, particularly irrigation or in this diftricl, is Craig-Onyl, elevated

TEMPLE;

parifh,

feet above the fea level. About 380 acres are covered with wood and head of black cattle. On the borders plantation. Befides feveral druidical of this parifh, with that of Borthwick, circles, and fubteranneous houfes, this is the houfe of Arnijlon, the elegant parifh affords feveral relics of antiqui- feat of Lord Chief Baron Robert DunThe church is an old Gothic ty, which are with great probability das. afcribed to the Romans. In 1801, building, being part of an eftablifhthe population was 755 ; decreafe 47 ment for the Templars or Red Friars, imce 1791, but an increafe of 20 fince by King David I. In 1794, the population was 593 ; decreafe 31a fince I75J-

noo

comprehending 300 acres, infulated by the parifh of Borthwick, 4 miles diftant from the reft of the diitrict. The arable land is moftly drv and fharp, upon a gravelly bottom', and tolerably fertile. The hilly part affords pafture to 850 fheep, and 763

TliATH or Teith
fhire.

a river in Perth-

from Loch CaBalquidder, from whence it paffes in an eafterly direction through the fmall lakes Loch Vannachoir and Loch Achray, and falls into Loch Li'.bnaig, a noble lake, furrounded with ftupendous rocks and mountains. The river, conliderably increafed by this
It takes its rife

therine, in

from its S. eaftern extremity, and dafhes over many precipices, rocks, and cataracts, till it reaches the romantic village of Callander, where it receives a confiderable branch from the N. In this
lake, iffues

W.

neighbourhood it winds and meanders in a furpriimg manner, as if unwilling to leave the charming fpot. At length it becomes rapid, and takes its courfe by the church' of Kilmadock, paffing the town and ancient caflle of Doune, where it receives the waters of the
Ardocb. After this it moves more gently through the vaks of Blair-

a parifh in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, about 5 miles long, and 3 broad, lying on the river Nit/% nearly oppofite to the town of Dumfries. The furface is level, and the foil in general either a light loam or fand. Here ftands the old caftle of Terregies, formerly the feat of the Earls of Nithfdale; and, on the banks of the Nith, near where the Cluden joins that river, are the ruins of the old provoftry or college of Lincludcnc In 1790, the population was 51c, and had increafed 113 fmce 1755. Teviot, or 1 v 1 o t ; a river in Roxburgh fliire, has its rife on the Eng lift border ; takes a ccurfe nearly I\ E., being joined by the SUttnck ai; Hawick, the Rule at Cavers, the jfed near Jedburgh, the Oxnam near Crailing, the Kale at Eckford, and other tributary ftrearns ; unites with the Tweed at Kelfo. It formerly gave

TERREGLES;

THU
of Vifcount to the family of Rutherford, now an extinct peerage.
title

THU
at the seftuary of the river Thurfo. The town is irregularly built, con-

Rox- taining no edifices of any note, exthe river. cept the church, which is an old fubThe diftrict takes in fo great a part of ftantial Gothic building, in good rethe county, that the fhire itfelf is of- pair. new town, on a regular plan, is beginning to be feued on the banks ten called by the fame name. Thichallin, or Shechallion of the river, in a pleafant elevated ii(Gaelic, the Maiden's BreafiJ ; a tuation. Though the ancient hiftory mountain in Perthihire. Vide Shech- of this town cannot be traced with allion. any degree of certainty, it is probaa village in Dum- ble from many circumftances, that ; fries-fhire, and parifh of Morton, is in former times it was a place of conpleafantly fituated on a dry rifing fiderable trade and confequence : inground, half a mile E. from the river deed, its happy fituation, at the mouth Nitb. It is regularly built in two of a large river, poffeffing a valuable ftreets, croffing each other at right falmon fifhing and a natural harbour, angles ; in the middle of which is a muft have early rendered it a place of neat ftone pillar or crofs, erected by note. The town is a burgh of barony, the late Duke of Queenfberry, by holding of Sir John Sinclair of Ulbjler, whofe patronage the village was great- Bart, as fuperior. The charter of high roads crofs erection was granted in 1633, by King ly enlarged. each other at the village ; the one Charles I. in favour of John, mafter leading from Dumfries to Ayrfhire of Berrydale, by which it was enby Sanquhar, and to Edinburgh by titled " to all and fundry privileges, Lead-hills ; and the other going weft- immunities, and jurifdictions, belongward into Galloway by Minniehive. ing to a free borough of barony of There are 4 fairs held anmiallv, on Scotland," and to hold a weekly marthe fecond Tuefday O. S. of the ket, and 5 free fairs yearly, of which months of February, May, Auguft, only 2 are kept. It is governed by a and November; at which are fold magiftracy of 2 bailies, and 12 counconfiderable quantities of coarfe linen fellors, elected by the fuperior, and and woollen cloth, and linen yarn, retained in office during the fuperior's made in the neighbourhood. In 1791, pleafure. The principal manufacture of the town is coarfe linen cloth it contained 430 inhabitants. a village in the there is a bleachfield and a tannery parifh of Kincardine, Perthihire, near- in the neighbourhood, which promife For the convenience of ly joined to the village of Norries- to fucceed. town. In 1792, they contained 626 trade there is a branch of the Bank inhabitants. of Scotland, which is of material adTHRAEVE, or THRIVE ; a fmall vantage, not only to the county of ifland in Kirkcudbright ftewartry, Caithnefs, but alfo to the Orkneys. formed by the river Dee ; on which The harbour admits veffels of 10 feet is fituated the ftately caftle of the fame draught of water at fpring tides; and, name, formerly the refidence of the after paffing the bar, they lie in perLords of Galloway. fect fafety : the great dii'advantage is THULE, or THTL^E ; in ancient the want of a pier, which prevents geography, one of the northern iflands, them from loading or unloading, exthe moft remote which was known to cept at low water. Thurfo is a port the Romans about the beginning of of the cuftomhoufe, having 16 decked the Chriftian era. Though the learn- veffels, amounting to 858 tons, of ed are much divided in their opinion which only 8 belong to the town. what ifland was defignated Ultima They are almoft all coafters, or em-: Thule, it feems probable, from various ployed in the ftfheries. It is calcucircumftances, that it was that now lated, on an .average, that corn and known by the name of Fowla. Vide meal are exported from the port of Thurfo to the value of i2,oool. fter^ FOWLA. a town in Caithnefs, ling, and fifh to the amount of 13,824k fituated on the N. coaft of the fterling. The property of the houfes
;

TEVIOTDALE
;

a diftrict in

burghshire

fo

named from

THORNHILL

Two

THORNHILL;

THURSO;

W.

county, at the head of a fpacious bay,

in

town holds

of Sir John Sinclair,

THU
exertions it has of late rifen to a ftate It conbf confiderable profperity. The tains about i6iz inhabitants. parifh of Thurfo extends about 3 miles around the town in every direction, except towards the N. where it is bounded by the fea. Its figure is irregular, and it contains, befides commonties, 4000 acres of arable land. The fea coaft in general is rocky ; but the bay of Thurfo is of fine hard fand, iheltered on the by Hslbum-head, and on the E. by
;

TIB
of St. James's for fettling the peace of 1783 and what is more to its honour, is the birth-place of Sir JohnT Sinclair of Ulbfter, Bart, whofe name will be immortalized by the Stati/lical Account of Scotland, collected and published by his indefatigable exertions. In 1797, the population of Thurfo parifh was 3146 ; increafe 133 firice 1755.

under whofe patronage and laudable the plenipotentiaries from the court

W.

Thurso River

rifes

from Locb

W.

Dunnet-head, from the tremendous waves of the Pentland Frith. The

rocks to the W. of Holbur?i-head exhibit the moft aftonifhing fcenes of natural grandeur. The Clett is a preinfulated.

cipitous rock, nearly 400 feet high, from the land by a deep

channel only 80 yards broad. This rock, as well as the reft of the precipices on the coaft, is frequented by immenfe flocks of fea fowl. The furface of the parifh, for the moft part,
interfperfed with fmall eminences, watered by the river Thurfo, and prefenting a rich profpect of pleafant villasj and well cultivated fields. In 1797, the live ftock of the parifh was as follows horfes 534, cows and ether black cattle 937, Iheep 688, and fhort way E. from the hogs 280. town ftands Thurfo Eafl, or, as it is often called, Thurfo-caflle, the feat of Sir John Sinclair, which is the principal refidence in the parifh. Except feveral Pictifh houfes, which are lb common in different parts of Caithnefs, the only antiquity of note is the burial-place of Harold Earl of Caithnefs, who was flain in 11 90; to whom Sir John Sinclair has erected an elegant monument. The rocks of the coaft are moftly whinftone ; but there are many excellent freeftone quarries. There are many appearances of veins of lead ore; but no fufficient trial has been made to afcertain the value of the mine. Several veins of mundick have been opened, and that mineral is faid to be a fure attendant on metallic veins. Mr. Rafpe, too, in 1789, difcovered near, the mundick, a regular vein of cazvk, or amorphous Julphate of haryies, with lead and cryftals 3 feet in breadth. Slate of a coarfe quality is abundant. Thurfo parifh gave birth to RrcHARD Oswald, Efq. one of
is level,
:

More, a beautiful lake in the higher parts of Halkirk parifh, in Caithnefs ; and, after a rapid and impetuous courfe over a rocky and ftony channel, through a fertile country, falls info the Pentland Frith at the^town of Thurfo, into the bay of the fame name. It abounds with falmon, and is noted for an almoft incredible draught of falmon, on the 23d July O. S. 1743-4, which is too well authenticated to be difputed. On that day, at one haul, there were caught Two thoufand /i-ve hundred and Jixty ordinary fized falmon. The river is navigable for about 2 miles for veffels of 50 or 60 tons burden. (vulgo Tippermuir, and Ttbermore, of the Sc.otichronicon) ; a parifh in Perthfhire, a-

TIBBERMUIR

bout 8 miles Jong, and from 1 to 3 broad, lying on the W. fide of the town of Perth. The furface, without being hilly, is confiderably diverfified ; towards the W. it exhibits a gentle Hope from N. to S., and on the E. it defcends abruptly in the fame direction to the level plain, on the banks of the Aimond, which bounds it on the N. The fuperficial contents of the parifh are about 4670 Scots acres, of which 186 are under wood, 196 muir and mofs, and the remainder arable. The foil varies confiderably ; part being dry, and part wet but, upon the whole, it is tolerably productive ; and the fields are moftly enclofed with hedge-rows and ditches.

But this parifh is more remarkable for the extenfive printfields and bleachfields which are eftabiifhed upon it, particularly thofe of Ruth-ven and Runtingto-Mer. Thefe, befides other bleachfields in the neighbourhood, are

fupplied with water by an artificial canal from the Almond to the town of Perth, which is of great antiquity, having been formed fometinie previ-

TIB
mis to the year 1244, it being diftincbly mentioned in charters of that date; and it is probable, that it was formed by the Romans under Agricola, for

TIL
TILLICOULTRY;

a parifh of Clackmannanfhire, of an oblong form, 6 miles long, and from 1 to a broad, containing about 6000 Scots acres, of fuiing the ditches of the fortifications; which 4000 lie amongft the Ochil (vide Perth.) Befides this example hills, and the remaining 2000 form the of the induftry of very early times, low arable ground, at the foot of the The foil is in general this parifli po defies an ancient cattle, mountains. Hunthigtowtr, which is entitled to dry and fertile ; the ground is (tony, attention, as being the ancient feat of and there are many fields which prothe Ruthven or Gowrie family, and duce excellent crops, where no foil the place where James VI. was fome- can be Fe'en on the furface for the time confined by the Earl of Gowrie large quartoze nodules with which it and other confpirators which enter- is covered. On the banks of the Doprife is ufually termed the Raid of i<an, which bounds it on the N., the Rutbven, as defcribed in Robertfon's foil is clayey, and the appearance Hiftory of Scotland. Ah extraordi- extremely beautiful, and the air fo nary exploit of a fair lady has alfo temperate, that a late traveller, Mr. added to the celebrity of this caftle, Newte, calls this diftrict the Tcmpe of and has given name of the Maiden's Scotland. The Ochils afford good Loup or Leap to the fpace between its pafture to large flocks of fheep. Bentwo towers, which, though united by clock, the higheft, is elevated 2324 The mine late buildings, were originally fepa- feet above the fea level,
;

vate.

The

following

is

the defcrip-

rals

found
;

in this parifh are granite,

tion of this exploit,

by

a late tourift,

bafaltes, fcheorls, fchiftus, mica, ful-

Mr. Pennant. " A daughter of the phur, &c. and the metals are filver, lead, copper, cobalt, antimony, and firit Earl of Gowrie was courted by a young gentleman of inferior rank, arfenic. Ironftone is found in great
v/hofe pretentions were not countenanced by her family. When the
caftle,

young gentleman was a vifiter at the he was always lodged in a feparate tower from the young lady. low grounds
night, however, before the doors were (hut, the conveyed herfelf into

abundance ; as alfo confiderable ftrata of Jeptaria ironftone ; which are wrought by a mining company, called the Dovan Iron Company. In the*
is

abundance of excelDo-van there are

One

lent

coal.

In the

fometimes found mufcles containing

(mall pearls. There are 3 villages in the parifh, viz. Earlftown, Coalfnaugkton, and tVeJlertovjn, each of which contains upwards of 210 inhabitants. The chief manfions are Tillicoultryhoufe, one of the feats of James Bruce, Efq. of Kinrofs and Harvie/lon, the feat of John Tait, Efq. This parifh has been for fome hundred years famous for a fpecies of manufacture,
;

her lover's apartment ; and fome prying duenna acquainted the Countefs with it,who cutting off, as (lie thought, all polfibility of retreat, haftened to

them. The young lady's ears were quick, (he heard the footfteps of the old Countefs, ran to the top-of the leads, and took the defpeiurprife

rate leap of 9 feet 4 inches, over a chafm of 60 feet, and luckily lighting on the battlements of the other tower, crept into her own bed, where her

called Tillicoultry ferge, a kind of (balloon, having worfted warp and

linen woof.

affotiimed mother found her, and, of courfe, apologized for her unjuft fufpicion. The fair daughter did not choofe to repeat the leap ; but the next night eloped, and was married." On the borders of the parifli, near Perth, at a place called Tullitum, there are the remains of a convent of Carmelites ; but neither the name of the founder nor the time of the eftablilhmeut have been preferved. In 1796, the population was 1280; increafe 292 fince 1755.

In 1793, the population increafe 122 fince 1755. (Loch); a (mall lake in Fifefhire, lying between the parifhes

was 909

Tilly

of Beath and Dunfermline, about a mile long, and half a mile broad. Tilt ; a fmall rapid dream in Athol, in Perthihire, which rifes on the borders of Marr, and falls into the Near this Carry near Blair-cafile. elegant feat it forms feveral romantic falls, of which that named " the York Cnjcadc," particularly attracts attenc

TIN
tioh, by the beauty of its wooded fcenery, and its broken and interruptis

TIR
a rich dry loamy foil, producing all kinds of crops, and is much more fertile than the higher lands towards the N. E., where the foil is alfo loam,

ed

falls.

and Thefe united parifhes lie in Mainland of Shetland, and extend 10 miles in length, and j in breadth ; but are fo much interfered by numerous i<oes or friths, that no part of the diftridt is upwards of 2 miles from the fea. Like the

TINGWALL, WEISDALE,

WHITENESS.

but wet and cold, from lying on an impervious till bottom. About 20 years ago, the parifh abounded with woods but of thefe only a few trees
;

reft

of the Shetland

ifles,

the

foil,

remain. A great variety of warlike and culinary utenfils of great antiquity have been found in the Luchar branch of the vwfs, in this parifh.

though not unfertile, is poorly managed, and of confequence unproductive. The principal harbours are the bays of Laxforth and Scalloway ; at the latter of which is the ancient village of the fame name. At the S. E. end of the village, is the ruinous caftle of Scalloway, built in 1601, by Patrick Stewart Earl of Orkney ; and in other places Piclifh houfes and Romifh chapels are to be met with.

There
in

are feveral frefh water lakes one of which is a fmall ifland called Lawtaing, formerly the place

where criminals were

middle of the

tried.

village is

In the a pleafant

road from Brunfwark pafTes through it, terminating in the parifh of Dunfcore: near it are diftincl Veftiges of an ancient caftellum. On the N. E. border of the parilh ftands. Amisfield-houfe, a feat of the Earl of Wemyfs. Paterson, famous for being the planner of the Bank of England, and the unfortunate Darien expedition, was born at the fmall village of Skipnupe, in this parifh, in 1660: he reprefented the burgh of Dumfries more than once in the Scottifh parliament. In the fame houfe was born Dr. James Mounsey, his grand negreat
firft phyfician for many years to the late Emprefs of Ruffia. In 1790, the population was 850; in-

Roman

phew,

modern houfe, the

refidence of Mr. Several fmall Scott of Scalloway. iflands belong to this parifh, particularly Oxna, Hai'era, Trohdray, &c. In 1797, the population was 1745 ; iricreafe 329 iince 1755. Tinnis; a mountain of great height in Roxburghfhire, jn the parifh of

c'reafe

55 fince 17? 5.

TIR-Y, TIR-I,

or

TYREE
W.

art

ifland of the Hebrides, belonging to

Argyliihire, about 21 miles

ifland of Mull.
It is

of the

about 11 miles

long,

Caftletown. Ti n n 1 s ; a fmall river in Roxburghmire, which joins its Waters to the Liddal. TiNTO- (Gaelic), " the hill of fire;" a hill, or rather a ridge of hills in Lanarkfhire, between the parifhes of

and Hear t\ broad. Its coaft is interfered by many beautiful bays of coniiderable extent. About one half of the furface is arable, interfperfed with fmall rocks and rifing grounds, none of which are above 250 feet a bove the fea level but the furface in general is fo even, that its ancient
;

Carmichael and Symington, ftretching above 2 miles from E. to S. Near the E. end of the range there is a cairn of a circular form, the top of which is elevated 2351^ feet above the level of the fea, and 1 740 feet above the Clyde, which flows about a mile from its bafe. ; a parifh in Dumfries(hire, united to that of Trailflat The united parifh forms a in 1650. rectangular figure, 6 miles long, and 4 broad, lying on the E. fide of Lochar mofs, which feparates it from Dumfries ; and watered by the fmall river Ac. The greater pail of the parifh is arable ; the foy.thern diftrift

name was Riogbacbd bar fotlmin, i. e. " the kingdom whofe fummits are
lower than the name, ftill ufed

waves ;" and this the popular tales of the Hebrides, defcribes the low fituation of the ifland, as the waves are often feen from the one fliore rifing apparently feveral feet above the level
in

TINWALD

of the other. In the interior of the fiand are not fewer than 24 fmall lakes, covering in all about 600 acres, many of which might eafily be drainIn one of thefe is a fmall ifland, ed. on which was a fquare-tuneted caftle, with an entrance by a draw-bridge. Upon the ruins of this, a neat houfe is erected for the refidence of the Buke
2

TOB
of Argyll's factor; and the ifland was made a peninfala. The foil of Tir-y is various ; from a black molTy earth to fand, which laft is the mo!t prevalent. The crops are generally bear and black oats, with potatoes and final] quantities of lint. There is no wood on the ifland but, like the other iflands of the Hebrides, large roots and trunks of trees are found in
;

TON
by the fmall
ifle

of Calve ; and

it

&
of

fituated in the tract of the flapping,which pafs from the weftern parts of

Britain to the northern countries

Europe, and has an eafy communication by water with the fi filing lochs in one direction, and with the Frith of Clyde, Liverpool, and other coniiderable towns in the other. The Society began to form this village in 1788 ^ all the mofies. The fifheries employ and a cuftom-houfe and poft-office a number of hands, as well as the ma- were eftablifhed here in 17 91. The nufacture of kelp, of which there is village confifts of about 20 houfes* annually burnt about 245 tons. The built with ftone and lime, and covernumber of fheep in the ifland is 600, ed with flate ; befides about 30 huts of black cattle 1800, and of horfes or thatched houfes. A few perfons140. There is a regular ferry from follow the mercantile line, particularthis ifland to Coll, 3 miles diftant, ly the Stevenfons of Oban, who have which is often dangerous, owing to a here eftablifhed one of their wareheavy fwefl from tbe Atlantic, to a houfes. A boat-builder and cooper rapid current and breakers, over fhift- find conftant employment in preparing ing fands and rocks from Coll there for the herring-fifhery. There is alfo is a ftated ferry to Mull. The hill of a confiderable ftore of fait kept here Kean-mharra, the W. point of Tir-y, for fupplying the bufies and boats is remarkable for the great number of during the fifhing feafon. In 1793, it caves, which, at the time of hatch- contained about 300 inhabitants; but, ing, are frequented by innumerable fince that time, there is no doubt but
:

flocks of wild fowls. Hard whinftone it has confiderably increafed. and granite are the principal ftones Toftingall (Loch) a fmall lake and there is abundance of ironftone in the county of Caithnefs, and parifh and limeftone which latter, in one of Wattin.
; ;

quarry, is of the nature of marble Vide Tammthis is of various colours, variegated TOUL. TONDERGARTH,orTUNDERwith beautiful figures, and takes a it is now come into very ; a parifh in Dumfries-fhire, fine polifh general ufe for in fide ornaments in about 14 miles in length, and i\ in houfes. It is faid that Mr. Rafpe dis- breadth, comprehending the declivity covered wolfram on this ifland. There of a range of hills which lie along the are many duns or fmall caftles, and river Milk. The furface in general is other remains of antiquity, religious, level, at the fame time pofleffing that warlike, and monumental. The Duke inequality which is fuppofed to conof Argyll is proprietor of the whole ftitute picturefque beauty ; in many ifland. In 1792, it contained 2.416 places it is cultivated, in others covered with heath, though fufceptible inhabitants. TIR-Y ; a parifh of the Hebrides, of culture. There are feveral woods, in Argyllfhire, comprehending the both natural and planted. About 400 iflands of Tir-y, Coll, and Gunna, fheep are reared in thepafture grounds. belides feveral uninhabited iflets or The chief feats are thofe of Mr. Johnholms, containing in all about 25,000 ftone of Grange, Mr. Brown of WejlIn 1792, the population was wood, and Mr. Richardfon of Pierceacres. by-hill. The old caftle of Tondergartb, 3457; increafe 755 fince 1755. now in ruins, was formerly the chief Tiviot. "Vide Teviot. T1VIOTDALE. Vide TEVIOT- feat of the Marquiffes of Annandale. At its weftern border this parifh takes DALE. a village in the in a part of the hill of Brunfqjoark, fa; ifland of Mull, in Argyllfhire, lately mous for two confiderable encampbuilt by the Britifh Society for the ments of a rectangular figure, afcribed encouragement of fifheries. The fitu- to the Romans. In 1796, the popuation of this village is excellent for a lation was j 10 j decreafe 11$ fince fifhing ftation and fea port ; itpofTefTes a fine bay, fheltcred frojn the ocean.
:

TOMANTOULL.

GARTH

TOBERMOREY

TON
or ftewartry of ; a parifh in the Kirkcudbright, of a triangular figure, 8 miles long, and 4 broad at its northern extremity, gradually decreafing in breadth to its fouthern extremity,

TOR
TONGUEDruids
caftle ;" and, at a place called

1AND

TON GLAND,

where the

thele rivers bounding

Tarff and Dee unite; it on the E. and W. fides. The middle of the parifh 1439 increafe 346 fince 1755. Torleum ; a mountain in Perthis occupied by a ridge of mountains running N. and S. On the banks of fhire, in the parifh of Monivaird, elethe rivers the furface is level, and the vated 1400 feet above the fea level. a parifh of Argyllfoil a fertile loam ; in the N. end the furface is rocky, interfperfed with fhire, in Mull, on the E. fide of that many arable fields. There are about ifland, along the found'of Mull. It 1200 head of black cattle, and 790 extends 13 miles in length in every fheep reared in the parifh. Near the direction, and the fea eoaft is indented church are the ruins of the priory of by numerous fmall bays, which afford Tongueland, founded for the monks good anchorage, particularly at Anchof the Pnemonjiratenfian order, by nacraig, from whence there is a reFergus Lord of Galloway, in the 12th gular ferry to Oban in Lome, by the century. In 1792, the population was ifiand of Kerera. The general appearance is rugged, mountainous, and co520; decreafe 17 fince 1755. a parifh in the county vered with heath. The higheft of the ; of Sutherland, on the N. coaft of that mountains are Benmore andBentaluidb, fhire ; about 1 1 miles long, and nearly which are entirely compofed of lava the fame breadth of which, however, and other volcanic productions. Seonly 714 acres are arable, the re- veral of the mountains are entirely mainder being pafture or wafte lands. barren ; but the greater part of the The general appearance is hilly; a parifh is excellently adapted for fheep ridge of high mountains pafling nearly pafture. On a lofty promontory, othrough the middle of the pariih the verhanging the found of Mull, ftands moft remarkable of which are Knock- Cajlle-Dowart, formerly the relidence Rbeacadan, Ben-Laoghal, and Ben-Hope, of the chief of the Macleans, and now which form part of Lord Reay's ex- occupied as barracks by a fmall party tenfive deer foreft, fuppofed to con- of foldiers, there ftationed to reprefs The chief lake is fmuggling. On a fmall eminence, at tain 2000 deer. Loch Laoghal or Loyal, the fource of the foot of the mountain of Benmore, the Torrifdale, which falls into the is the refidence of Mr. Campbell of That gentleman has cleared fea near a village of the fame name. Knock. The coaft is high and rocky, indent- a confiderable extent of barren ground ed by the bays of Tongue and Torrif- with great labour, for planting,' and dale, and having the promontories of the other embellifhments of his habitWhitenhead and Torrifdale projecting ation. In 1790, the population was a confiderable way into the fea. The 1733 ; increafe 721 fince 1755. TORPICHEN; a parifh on the rocks along the coaft are excavated into many caves; the largeft of which, weftern borders of Weft-Lothian, ava mor Ftaifghill, " the great cave of bout 9 miles long, and on average %\ The general appearance is Fraifghill," is 20 feet wide at the en- broad. trance, and penetrates nearly half a hilly, particularly fo at the E. end, mile under ground. There are feve- where the hill of Cairti-Naple is fitural fmall iflands, of which Ealan nan ated, the altitude of which is 149815 Roan only is inhabited. The live feet above the fea level. Except the ftock of the parifh is eftimated as fol- hilly pail, however, the eaftern diftricl: lows of black cattle 2142, of horfes is the moft fertile ; the foil gradually 538, of fheep 2846, and of goats 714. degenerating into a wet muir towards There are feveral cairns and circular the W. There is a fmall lake, about buildings. On the top of Ben-Laoghal a mile in circumference, abounding are the remains of an ancient build- with pike and perch, the waters of ings called Qaijleil ?jqk Druidh, " the which run into the Avon. The greater
rivers
'>

Mclnofi, are the remains of a caftle, the erection of which is, by tradition, afcribed to Dornadilla King of the Scots. On the bay of Tongue is the houfe of Tongue, a beautiful feat of Lord Reay, who is fole heritor of the parifh. In 1791, the population was

TOROSAY

TONGUE

3N3

TOR
part of the parifh is cnclofed ; and in moil places where the land is unfufceptible of tillage, confiderable plantations have been made, of great advantage, both for fhelter and beauty. The village of Torpichen lies on the line of road from Edinburgh to Glafgow, about 17 miles from the metropolis ; it contains about 400 inhabitants. Near it, towards the N. E., are the remains of the hofpital or preceptory of Torpichen, long the principal refidence of the Knights of St. John of Jerufalem, founded in 11 20 by KingDavid I. The choir and a fquare tower only remains, fine fpecimens of the elegance and beauty of the architecture. At the Reformation, the lands belonging to this hofpital were erecled into a temporal lordfhip, in favour of Sir James Sandilands, ; in which family the title of Lord Torpichen ftill remains. There is plenty of excellent freeftone, and two valuable coal mines : there is alfo feveral feams of ironftone, very rich in metal. Near the village is a ftrong chalybeate fpring. In 1795, the population was 2069 ; decreafe 226 fince .1755. Torrisdale ; a river in Sutheris

TR A
the village of Torthorwald. Next to the Lochar mofs, there are extenfive meadows and pafture grounds, frequently overflowed by the Lochar water: farther E. there is a fine fandy bank of various breadths : above this the foil is rich and fertile ; and on the eaftern border, the ground rifes into black muiry hills. The arable lands are moftly enclofed, and well cultivated marl is found in great abundance. There are two fmall villages, viz. Torthorwald, containing 135 inhabitants, and Roncan containing 143. The ruinous caflle of Skrimple is beautifully fituated, and is fuppofed to have been built about the 12th century : there are the veftiges of 2 circular camps, and a druidical temple. In 179,1, the population was 660 j in:

creafe 76 fince 1755. Torwood; a fmall foreft in Stirlingshire, and pariih of Larbert and

Dunipace, noted for having afforded fhelter to Sir William Wallace, after his defeat in the north. The remains
of the tree are
himfelf.
;

ftill

obferved, in the

hollow of which that hero fecreted

TOUGH a parifh in Aberdeenfrom Loch La- fhire, about 22 miles diftant from the oghalox Loyal, i the parifh of Tongue, County town, 5 miles long, and 3 and falls into the Northern fea, at the broad. The furface is irregular; but village of Torriflak, at which there is moftly ail the hills are arable. The
landihire,

which

rifes

a valuable falmon nfhing.

TORRYBURN
fr
;

a pariih in Fife-

formed by the union of the baronies of Torry and Cromeie. It lies in the weftern extremity of the county, upon .the coaft of the Frith of Forth, extending about 5 miles in length, and 2 in breadth. The foil in general is good, and well cultivated. The village of Torryburn contains about 1200 inhabitants, and poffcilcs an excellent harbour, to which there belong 13 veffeis, amounting to upwards of 1000 tons. There are feveral excellent feams of coal, which are wrought to a confiderabie extent. Near the village is the manfion-houfe of Torry, the feat of Sir William Erfkine. In 1793, the population was 1 .loo; decreafe ^5 fince 1755. a parifh in Dumfries-fhire. lying on the E. Ude of Lochar mofs-. It contains about 4400 acres, including 900 acres of the mofs. The inhabited part forms a fquare of about 2 miles, in the rnidft of which

foil is in general a light loam, interfperfed with fields of deep rich loam or mofs : thofe hills which are not under culture, afford excellent fheep. pafture. Tonky, the refidence of Mr. Byres, is the only feat in the parifh. In 1792, the population was 560; de.

creafe 10 fince 1755.

TOWIE,
TOCFI
;

or

TOWIE-KINBAT-

TGRTHORWALD;

a parifh in Aberdeen fh ire, about gs$ miles long, and 2 broad, watered by the Don, which is here only an inconfiderable rivulet. The general appearance is hilly ; and the hills are moftly covered with heath. By the river fide, the foil, though not deep, is tolerably fertile ; the other arable lands have a wet cold foil. There is plenty of freeftone and granite in the parifh. In 1791, the num-. ber of inhabitants was 550 ; being a decreafe of 106 fince 1755. ; a parifh in Dumfries-fhire, united to Tinwald in.

TRAILFLAT
5

i^o.

Vide Tinwald.
a pariih in

TRANENT

Hadding-

TR A
about 6 miles long, and 3 broad, lying on the Frith of Forth. The furface is level, and, except a fmall extent of links, and 100 acres of commonty, the whole is cultivated. The foil, especially towards the coaft, The is inferior to none in Scotland. fea coaft is perfectly flat and fandy, except the rocky ground, where the villages of Port -Set on and Cockenzie are built. At the former village is a fmall harbour, which, previous to the Union, was a place of confiderable reThe coaft abounds with oyfter fort. beds, which have been nearly exhaufted by over-dredging. At Port-Seton, a manufactory of fine fait was eftablifhed by Dr. Swediaur, but it did not fucceed. At Cockenzie the manufacture of common fait is earned on to a great extent ; there being always 11 or 12 pans at work. The mod confiderable diftillery in Scotland is
loflfliire,

TRI
hill in

an half N.

Eaft-Lothian, about a mile and W. from the village of

Whittingham.

(pore properly St rathquair) ; a parifh in the county of Peebles, lying on the S.bank of the Tweed, and watered by the river Quair. It extends about 9 miles in length, and from 4 to 5 in breadth, containing
17,290 acres, of which about 4000 are
is rocky and Minchmoor, one of the hills, is elevated 2000 feet above the fea level, and Gumfcleugh is at leaft 200 feet higher. The hills in genera!

TRAQUA1R

arable.

The

furface

mountainous

afford excellent pafturage for fheep, of which there are about 10,000 in

the parifh. Thefoil in the low grounds is in general fhallow and ftony, but tolerably fertile. The rivers abound with trout and falmon. The old manfion of Traquair, the refidence of the branch of the Stewart family, carried on at St. Clemenfs Wells, in who derive their title of Earl from this parifh, which pays upwards of this parifh, is delightfully fituated on 4000L of duty annually to government. the banks of the Tweed ; and on the The town of Tranent is pleafantly fide of the hill, overlooking the lawn, fituated on the great E. road from E- is " the Bujh aboon Traqualr" pointed dinburgh, about 8 miles diftant from out by 5 folitary thorn trees, where the metropolis. It is a neatly built love, and its attendant poetry, .had town, and is reputed to be exceedingly their origin. There is a quarry of exhealthy. The church is an old Gothic cellent flate ; and confiderable quanbuilding, with a fquare tower in the tities of lead ore have been difcovered, middle. The town, in 1792, contain- though not in fufficient abundance as ed 1386 inhabitants. Near the town to be adequate to the expence of formerly ftood the princely ruins of working. Not long fince, a fpecimen Seton-boufe, the refidence of the Earls of galena lead ore was found in a of Winton. Upon the attainder of fmall ftream which runs into the the late Earl, in 17 15, the eftate fell Quair. In 1792, the population wa* to the crown, by whom it was fold 446 ; decreafe 205 fince 1755. TREISHNISH, orTRESHUNISH to the York Buildings Company, who fufFered the houfe to fall into decay. ISLES ; a clufter of fmall iflands of In 1790, the whole was taken down, the Hebrides, belonging to Argylland a new manfion built in the caf- fhire, lying about 4 leagues W. of the tellated form, on a plan of the late ifland of Mull. The chief ifles are Mr. Adams. At the fmall village of Cairnbulg and Little Cairnlxdg ; on Seton, a collegiate church was found- both of which are the remains of aned in 1493, by Geo. Lord Seton, cient caftles. None of the Treifhnifh which, is ftill pretty entire. The moft ifles are inhabited. ancient edifice in the parifh is St. a parifh in ; German's, the feat of David Ander- Perthfhire, in Stratherne, compofed of ibn, Efq. where there was an hofpita] the united parifhes of Kinkel and founded before the year 1296, and Wester-Gask. It ftretches for feafterwards poffefied by the Knights veral miles on both fides of the Erne; of Saint John of Jerufalem. Coal a- the banks rifing gradually to the N., bounds in the parifh, and is wrought and the reft of the parifh being level at 3 coaleries to a great extent. In and fertile. The whole is arable; but 1791, the population was 2732; in- 1 coo acres of improvable muir are creafe 273 fince 1755. allowed to remain in a ftate of nature.
.

TRINITY-GASK

Traprene Law;

a fmall conical

The Erne

often overflows

its

banks,

TRO
fertilizing the
foil

TRO

by the flime depo- rev. Dr. James Robertfon of Callander, iited from its waters, but often doing which is allowed by every one to be far infinite damage to the crops, and car- from being exaggerated. When you rying away many acres of the beft enter the Trofacbs, there is fuch an land at every inundation. There are affemblage of wildnefs and of rude 6 great heritors; but only Sir Thomas grandeur, as beggars all defcription, Moncrieff of Moncrieff, and Mr. Hep- and fills the mind with the moft fuburn of Gafi, are refident. In 1796, blime conceptions. It feems as if a the population was 795; decreafe 118 whole mountain had been torn in
pieces, and frittered down by a conor a vulfion of the earth, and the huge fragfmall ifland f Shetland, lying oppo- ments of rocks, and woods, and hills, It is fcattered in confufion into the E*. end fite to the village of Scalloway. and on the fides of Locb Catherine. about 2% miles long, and 2 broad. a promontory in Ayr- The accefs to the lake is through a shire, projecting about a mile into narrow pafs of half a mile in length, the Frith of Clyde, between which fuch as JEneas had in his dreary pafand Lady Ijle, 2 miles diftant, there is fage to vifit his father's home; vajtoque a bay affording fafe anchorage at all immanis hiatu. The rocks are of ftupendous height, and feem ready to times of tide. TROQUIRE, or a clofe above the traveller's head, and parilh in the ftewartry of Kirkcud- to fall down and bury him in their huge column of thefe rocks bright, lying on the river Nith, oppo- ruins. fite the town of Dumfries, and con- was fome years ago torn with thunnected with it by a handfome bridge, der, and lies in very large blocks near at the end of which is a confiderable the road, which muft have been a village, named Bridgend from its fili- tremendous icene to paffengers at The parilh is about i\ miles that time. Where there is any foil, ation. long, and 4-^ broad ; partly flat, and their fides are covered with aged partly hilly; containing 5625 acres, weeping birches, which hang down of which 1450 are under tillage, 3625 their venerable locks in waving ringarable, but laid out in pafture, and lets, as if to cover the nakednefs of 550 covered with wood. The arable the rocks. The fenfible horizon is foil is various ; but in general light bounded by thefe weeping birches on and fertile. The ftate of agriculture the fummit of every hill, through is fo much improved, that it is ftated, which are feen the motion of the on the beft grounds, that in 1790, clouds as they fhoot acrofs, behind Travellers, who wifh to fee the rental had increased to five times them. the rental of 1752. Lying in the neigh- all they can of this fingular phenobourhood of the fafhionable town of menon, generally fail W. on the S. Dumfries, many gentlemen have e- fide of the lake, to the rock and den rected elegant refidences in it : of of the ghoft, whofe dark recefies, from thefe we may mention Mr. Currie of their gloomy appearance, the imagiRedbank, and Mr. Maxwell of Car- nation of fuperftition conceived to be gen; two gentlemen who have exerted the habitation of fupernatural beings. themfelves greatly in the encourage- In failing, you difcover many arms of ment of agriculture. In 1790, the po- the lake. Here, a bold head-land, pulation of Troquire was 2600, of where black rocks dip in unfathomwhich 1302 refided in the village of able water ; there, the white fand in Bridgend ; the increafe of population the bottom of a bay, bleached for ages by the waves. In walking on the was 1209 fince 175J. certain rugged and N. fide, the road is fometimes cut ftupendous mountains in Perthfhire, through the face of the folid rock, about 10 miles W. from Callander. which rifes upwards of 200 feet perThe fcenery amongft them is exceed- pendicular above the lake fometimes ingly wild and romantic; rugged rocks the view of the lake is loft ; then it furround the road in every fide, and burfts fuddenly on the eye ; and a renders it truly wild to the eye of the clufter of iflands and capes appear, at traveller. The following is the de- different diftances, which give them scription from the elegant pen of the an apparent motion of different ie?
fince 1755.

TRONDA,

TRONDRAY;

Troon;

TROQUEER;

Trosachs;

TRO
grees of velocity, as the fpectator rides along the oppofite beach : at other times, his road is at the foot

TUL
Trostrie (Loch); a final! bat beautiful lake in Kirkcudbright ftewartry, and parifh of Twyneholme, abounding with pikes. Truim ; a fmall river in Invernefsfhire, which falls into the Spey near

cliffs ; and growing where no earth is to be feen. Every rock has its echo every grove is vocal, by the melodious the church of Laggan. TudhopeFell; a mountain ii* harmony of birds, or by the fweet airs of women and children gathering fil- Roxburghshire, on the Englifh border.

of rugged and ftupendous

trees are

a parifh in Perthof an irregular figure, about 4. mower of rain, flow a hundred white mile3 long, and 4 broad, having a ftreams, which rum with incredible pretty level furface, gently declining velocity and noife into the lake, and to the S. where the Forth forms its fpread their froth upon its furface. On boundary : the whole pariih contains one fide, the water eagle fits in ma- about 2760 acres, the greater part of jefty, undifturbed, on his well-known which is in a high ftate of cultivation. rock, in fight of his neft on the top of The town of Kincardine lies in this Ben-verm; the heron ftalks among the pariih, oppofite to which is an excelreeds in fearch of his prey ; and the lent road-ftead in the Forth ; (vide fportive ducks gambol on the waters, Kincardine.) The pariih abounds or dive below. On the other, the wild with excellent quarries of freeftone, the quarry goats climb, where they have fcarce both yellow and white ground for the foles of their feet; and of Longannat has been in great reputhe wild fowls perched on trees, or tation from time immemorial, and n the pinnacle of a rock, look down the ftones have been carried to a great with compofed defiance at man. (In diftance : many of the public buildone Of the defiles of the Trofachs, ings of Edinburgh are built of it, anil two or three of the natives met a band it is faid to have furnifhed the ftones of Cromwell's foldiers, and forced for erecting the Stadt-houfe of Amthem to return, after leaving one of fterdam. The ruin of the caftle of their comrades dead on the fpot, TulliaUan, formerly the property of whofe grave marks the fcene of ac- the Knights of Blackadder, fhew i% tion, and gives name to the pafs. In to have been a place of confiderable one or other of the chafms of this ftrength ; it is now the property of fingular place, there lived, for many Colonel Erfkine of Carnock. In 179 ;, years, a diftiller of fmuggled fpirits, the population was 2430; increaie who eluded the moft diligent fearch 1109 fince 1755. of the officers of the revenue, although TULLIEBOLE ; a parifh in Kinrofs-fhire, united with FossawaY;, they knew perfectly he was there becaufe a guide could not be bribed which lies moftly in the county of to difcover his retreat.) In a word, Perth. Vide Fossaway and Tulboth by land and water, there are fo liebole. many turnings and windings, fo many TULLOCH; a parifh in Aberdeenheights and hollows, fo many glens, fhire, united with thofe of Glenand capes, and bays, that one cannot muick and Glengairn, in forming advance 20 yards without having his a parochial charge. Vide Glenprofpect changed by the continual ap- MUICK. pearance of new objects, while others Tulloch-Ard; a lofty mountain are conftantly retiring out of fight. in Rofs-fhire, in the diftrict of Kintail, This fcene is clofed by a W. view which claims particular attention, oa f the lake, for feveral miles, having account of the veneratiun it comits fides lined with alternate clumps manded in ancient times. Like thg of wood and arable fields, and the temple of Janus of ancient Rome, it fmoke rifing in fpiral columns through indicated peace or war; for, when the air, from villages which are con- war commenced, a barrel of burning cealed by the intervening woods ; and tar on the higheft peak was the figthe profpect is bounded by the tower- nal, and in 24 hoars all the tenants ing Alps of Arroquhar, which are che- and vallals at Seaforth appeared at quered with fnow, or hide their heads the caftle of St. Donan, armed pre in the clouds."
shire,
:

berts in their feafon. Down the fide of the oppofite mountain, after a

TULLIALLAN;

TUM
This mountain is the arts ei focis. creft of the Seaforth arms. L E S S L E ; a parifh in A[

TUR
palm to the Tummel, though the
fails

TUL YN

berdeenfhire, about 4 miles long, and i\ broad, lying on the N. bank of the river Don. The appearance of the country is hilly, or rather mountainous, elpecially towards the N. and W. The arable foil is in general a
light loam, vefy capable of improvement : the hills are ftony, for the

of the Clyde are undoubtedly higher. To the N. W. of the fall is a cave, in the face of a tremendous rock, to which there is only one paffage, and that very difficult. In this cave a party of the Macgregors is faid to

have been furprifed during their profcription

;

after part

of

them were

climbed up a tree that grew out of the face of the rock ; upmoft part barren, and fparingly co- on which their purfuefs cut down the vered with heath ; but abounding tree, and precipitated them to the with hares, a few deer, and plenty of bottom. A little below the falls, the other kinds of game. The number Tummel mixes its waters with the of fheep does not exceed 700 ; and Garry. Near this junction is Fa/cally* there may be about 400 head of black the feat of Mr. Robertfon, delightfulcattle reared in the parifh. In 1791, ly fitUated. After the Tummel unites the population was 396; increafe 127 with the Garry, its character feems entirely changed ; before this, it was fince 1755. Tummel; a large fiver in Perth- a furioiis and impetuous torrent* fhire, which iffiies from Loch Ran- tearing up every thing in its way, uoch ; and, taking an eafterly courfe and precipitating itfelf headlong frorri through the diftrict of Athol, falls in- rock to rock, as if regardlefs of the to the Tay at Logierait. About the confequences ; it now becomes a fomiddle of its courfe, it expands into ber and ftately ftream, rolling along a fmall lake of the fame name, in its waters with majefty. The banks which is a fmall ifland partly artifi- of the Tummel, below the junction, cial, with an old foilrefs or caftle, are extremely rich, and the river formerly the reiidence of the Chief of meanders through a fine valley ; now The dividing its ftream, and forming litthe clan of the Robertfons. whole courfe of the Tummel is rapid tle ifiands ; riow running in a fine and furious, forming every where the broad fheet. Though the Tummel mod romantic! and picturefque caf- is fmaller than the Garry, it gives its cades. One of its falls, near its junc- name to the river formed by their tion with the Garry, is particularly union, becaufe it can trace its origin grand. " The fall of the Tummel," farther back than the Garry, which fays Dr. Garnett, " though by no is an upftart ftream, formed by the means fo high as thofe of Bruar and waters of the neighbouring hills
killed, the reft

Foyers,
if

is

neverthelefs equally grand,

fo,

while the fource of the

Tummel

is

on account of the confiderable lake, in its courfe from much greater quantity of water that which feveral diftant ftreams contrifalls. It precipitates itfelf over the bute to fwell its pedigree." Garbroken rocks with a fury and noife nett's Tour, Vol. ii. page 54. that aftonifhes, and almo'ft terrifies the TURREFF ; a parifh in Aberdeen, fpectator. The accompanying fcenery (hire, of an if regular figure, extending about 4^ miles around the town of is particularly fine ; rugged rocks, wooded almoft to the fummit, but the fame name, in every direction, exrearing their bald heads to the clouds, cept the N. W., where it is bounded with diftant mountains of the moft by the Deveron. The parifh contains picturefque forms, compofe a view in 16,896 Scots acres, of which one-third which every thing that a painter can only is cultivated and the remainder, dcfne is contained. It has been dif- though capable of cultivation, is coputed, whethef, in the quantity of vered with heath. The foil is in gewater, the falls of the Tummel or neral light and fertile ; and, of late, thofe of the Clyde, claim the pre-emi- the ufe of lime as a manure, and other nence. As far as the diftance of a agricultural improvements, have been few weeks, which elapfed between introduced. The town of Turreff, feeing them both, will allow me to which is fituated on the banks of the form a companion, I fhould yield the Deveron) is at free burgh of barony.
;

not more

Saj

TWE
entitled to hold a weekly market and

T
gives title of

WY

Marquis to the noble

two annual

fairs.

The

charter

is

family of Hay.

granted by King James in 151 1, under the great leal. It contains about 700 inhabitants. The principal manufacture is that of linen yarn, thread, and brown linens ; and there is a confiderable bleachfield. There are feveral confiderable plantations, particularly on the eftates of Mr. Garden of Delgaty and Troup, Mr. Duff of Hatton-lodge, Mifs Gordon of Laltbers, Colonel Dirom of Muirejk, and Mr. Robinfon of Gqfk. Here was formerly an hofpital for the Knights Templars, and an hofpital founded in 1272, by Cumin Earl of Buchan, and richly endowed in the fucceeding century by King Robert Bruce : here are alfo the veftiges of a druidical circle. In 1794, the population was 104J ; increafe 44
fince 1755.

a fmall river in Rox; burghshire, which joins the Liddal near its asftuary on the Solway Frith.
a parifh in Peebles-fhire, formerly a part of the parifh of Drummelzier, but erected into a feparate parifh in 1643. It ia

Tweeden

TWEEDSMUIR;

about 9 miles long, and in many places of the fame breadth. The furface is hilly, interfperfed with fome flats and moraffes. Many of the hills are covered with verdure, others have a mixture of heath ; fome are f confiderable elevation, Ha rtfield and Broad" law being about 2800 feet above the
fea
level.

From

the nature of the

country,

Turret (Loch) ; a fmall lake in Perthfhire, in the parifh of Monivaird and Strowan, about a mile long, and one-fourth of a mile broad. It difcharges itfelf into the Erne by a fmall river, which gives name of Glenturret
to a wild and romantic valley. Tweed; a large river, which has its fource in Tweedfmuir, hear where the counties of Peebles, Dumfries, and Lanark join, and near the fources of the Clyde and Ann an. Ittakesacourfe nearly N. E., receiving many fmall ftreams, till it reaches the royal borough of Peebles, when running nearly E. its ftream is augmented by the Etterick near Selkirk, the Gala at Galafhiels, the Leader near Melrofe, and the Teviot at Kelib. few miles be-

pafture : lerably fertile, but, owing to the great rains and early frofts, the crops are precarious. The parifh contains about 15,000 fheep, which are efteemed for the finencfs of the wool, and the delicate flavour of the mutton. There are feveral ancient caftles, at Oliver, Fruid, and Hawk/haw ; the latter is the feat of the ancient family of Porteous. In 1792, the population was 227; decreafe 170 fince 1755. ; a parifh in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, united with that of Kirkchrist in forming a parochial charge. The form of the united parifh is oblong, extending about 9 miles in length by 2 in breadth, lying on the banks of the rivers

chiefly adapted for fheep the arable foil, indeed, is toit is

TWYNEHOLME

W.

Dee and Tarff, and watered by the fea on the S. and W. The furface is
riling into many that are partly arable, and having many fmall and fertile valleys

moftly high land,

fmall
hills,

low

town, it leaves Roxburghfhire, and forms for many miles the boundary between England and Berwickshire, until it falls into the German ocean at the town of Berwickupon-Tweed. During this part of its courfe, it receives no ftream of eonfequence, except the Whittadder, which joins it about 5 or 6 miles from its mouth. The Tweed abounds with various kinds of trout ; and the falthis

interfperfed.
clay,

The

foil

is

various
:

and gravel, being found on almoft every farm but the

fand, mofs,
is

moft prevalent

a fort of gravelly

foil,

formed by the decompofition of that

kind of ftone commonly called rag or fmrdy, lying upon a bed of the fame.

The

foil is in

general pretty fertile,

and repays the induftry of the farmmon fifhings are particularly valuable. er with exuberant crops of grafs and It is a celebrated paftoral ftream, giving corn. There are 3 fmall lakes, called name to many of the moft beautiful Loch Whynnion, Loch Glengape, and
Scottifh melodies.
Trojlrie, which, with the rivers of the parifh, abound with trout of Peebles and Berwickfhires watered by various kinds. Of the extenfive woo'do the river Tweed ; and a name often with which this part of Galloway ufed for the county of Peebles* It formerly was covered, the only re-

TWEED DALE;

Loch

that diftrict of

3O

T
fnains
is

YN
the

T
which
is

YR

Tynninghamc-hmtfii the beautiful feat of the Earl of Haddington. New Beat t the elegant feat of Mr. Baird, is alio in this parifh. The moft remarkable thing in this diftrict is the extenfive and thriving woods of Tynninghame and Binnin^ planted in the beginning of the laft century by Thomas Earl of Haddington: although planted on barren links, and clofe to the fea beach, they have grown with uncommon vigour. In 1792, the populationwas 904; increafe 26 fince 1755'. ; a parifh in Dumfriesfhire, lying in the S. corner of the county. It is about 15 miles long, and on an average 4 broad, occupying a ftrath or valley, and the adjoining hills. The greater part of the pariih is well calculated for raifing and feeding of fheep ; and the fmall proportion of arable land has a thin fandy foil, producing only fcanty crops. The number of fheep is above 8000. It is watered by the rivers Scarr and Shinnel; on the latter is a fall called the Aird Linn, which is worthy of a vifit from the lovers of picburefque fcenery. Roman cauieway runs through the whole length of the parifh, along the face of the hills ; and the veftiges of fortifications are in many places very diftincb. The Boon of Tynron is a beautiful pyramidal hill, on the top of which is a caftle commanding a moft extenfive profpect. In 1793, the population was 500 ; indenly rofe 17 feet above its level, and creafe 36 fince 1755. TYRIE ; a pariih in Aberdeenfhire, continued in that ftate feveral hours, about 10 miles long, and 4^ broad. and then gradually fubfided. Tyne; the Englifli river of that The furfaee is agreeably diverfified name has its principal fource in the with hill and dale, heath, mofs, meaborder hills in Roxburghshire ; but dow, corn, and grafs parks, fmall riThe foil, its courfe in Scotland is of fo fmall vulets, and plantations. an extent, that a particular notice of when not in the vicinity of mofs, is for the moft part a fertile reddifh-coit does not come within our limits. a pariih in loured loam, pretty deep in the valBaft-Lothian, united in 1761 to that leys, more fhallow on the eminences, of White Rirk in forming a paro- and many hundred acres lie in their The united parifh ex- natural uncultivated ftate, which are chial charge. tends nearly 6 miles in length, and 3 very capable of improvement : a conin breadth, bounded on the N. and fiderable extent of land, however, has . by the Frith of Forth. The furfaee been lately improved on the eftate of is level, and the foil is in general a rich Sir William Forbes of Pitjligo, and gravelly loam, highly favourable for Mr. Frazer of Stricken. The former agricultural purpofcs ; and the whole gentleman has founded a village called The Neiv Pitjligo, with a bleachfield and is in a high fiate of cultivation. river Tyne interfects the fouthern part other conveniencies for manufactures*, of the parifh ; near the feftuary of

old caftle of Clv.mpjionc, the property of the Earl of Selkirk ; a building pleafantly fituated on an eminence, nigh the junction of the Bee and Tarff. There are feveral conical hills or moats, fimilar to thofe which are fo frequent in Galloway. The great road from England to Port-Patrick panes through the pariih. Calcareous manures of all kinds abound, particularly marl, fhellfand, &c. In 1793, the population Was 620; increafe 101 fince 1755. a fmall village in Braidalbin, in Perth (hire, upon the wefterh military road, about 12 miles from Balmally, and the fame diftance from Killin. Its principal inhabitants are the workmen employed at a lead mine in the neighbourhood. y n e ; a fmall river in Fladdingtonfhire, which rifes on the borders of the county of Mid-Lothian ; and, after a cOUvfe of nearly 30 miles to the N. E., palling the royal borough of Haddington and many pleafant feats, falls into the Frith of Forth in the parifh of Tynninghame. It contains trout and falmon, but in no great abundance. The tide flows about % miles from its mouth, and it might be made navigable to that height at no great expence. It is liable to fudden riiings of its waters, often laying the whole country under water. The moft remarkable inundation of this tiver in modern times, was on October 4, 1775, when it fud-

around

fttuated

TYNDRUM;

TYNRQN

TYNNINGHAME;

TYR
;

TYR

In 1791, the parifh contained 8(^4 in- theHebrides, belonging to Argyllshire* increafe 268 fince 1755. Vide Tir-y. habitants TYRIE, or TIR-Y ; an ifland of

UDN
; a hill in Perthflilre, the parifh of Kilmadock, of confiderable elevation, but principally noticed for a large natural cave in the S. fide, from whence it derives its name, Vaigh-mor, fignifying " great

UIG
tion.
ries
;

UAIGHMOR
in

There

are

many limeftone

and granite fit for building be found on almoft every farm.

quaris to

The

only refidence of note, is that of Mr. Udny of Udny. In 1791, the population was 1 13 7; decreafe 185 fines
1755-

cave."
a fmall ifland of Shetland, lying at the entrance of a creek, on coaft of the Mainland, called the
;

Venny, or Finny ; a fmall rivulet of Angus-fhire, which rifes in the neighbourhood of Forfar, and joins W. from it Vaila Sound. It is about a the Lunan near the kirk of Kinnell. mile long, and as much broad, and It is a fine trouting ftream. Ugie ; a river in Aberdeenfhire. It lies in the parifh of Walls and SandNear its middle ftands the takes its rife about 20 miles from the nefs. houfe of Melbie, the refidence of John fea, in two different ftreams, called Scott, Efq. the proprietor of the ifland. the waters of Stricken and Deer, from Vallafield; a hill in the ifland pafling the villages of the fame name. The two branches unite about 5 miles of Unft, in Shetland. one of the Hebrides, from the fea, and then take the name ; lying to the N. of the ifland of North of Ugie; from thence it continues a fmooth and level courfe, till it falls XJiJi, from which it is feparated by a narrow found, dry at low water. It into the fea at Peterhead. It is navigable about a mile and an half from is a mile and an half long, and half a mile broad ; with a light fandy foil, its mouth, and might eafily be rendered navigable for 6 or 8 miles, at a exceedingly fertile. Vannachoir, or Vennochar fmall expence. The falmon fifhing is (Loch); a fmall lake in Perthfhire, the property of Mr. Fergufon of Pitbetween the parifhes of Port of Mon- four, who lets it at 120I. fterling of teith and Callander ; about 4 miles yearly rent. UIG ; a parifh in Rofs-fhire, fitulong, and in general about 1 broad. The banks are very pleafant, covered ated in the S. W. diftrid; of the ifland with wood, and Hoping gently to the of Lewis. It is about 15 miles long, water. It is one of the chain of lakes not including the wide entry of Loch Roag, which runs into the middle of formed by the waters of the Teith. Vaternish, or Waternish the parifh from the wefhvard ; its Point ; a remarkable promontory on breadth is 13 miles. The coaft, following its windings around Loch the N. W. coaft of the ifle of Sky. VATERSAY. Vide Waters ay. Roag, is upwards of 60 miles ; and it a parifh in Aberdeenfhire, every where affords fafe harbours for about q\ miles fquare. The general flapping of any burden. Loch Roag appearance is pretty flat, with fmall is an extenfive arm of the fea, about eminences or little hills covered with 6 or 8 miles broad, and 18 or 20 long, grafs. The foil is in general a deep interfperfed with iflands ; the largeft loam, with a confiderable proportion of which, called Large Bernera, is no of marihy ground, on a clay bottom. lefs than 12 miles long, and inhabitSeveral of the eftates are well en- ed the whole loch abounds with fafe U>fed, and under excellent cultiva- places of anchorage, fufficient to hold

VAILA

VALLAY

UDNY

Oa

UIG
the whole Britjfh navy. This bay or loch alfo contains immenfe quantities of fifh of all kinds, which, with the manufacture of kelp, conftitutes the chief fource of livelihood to the inhabitants of the parifh. The coafts only are level and cultivated ; the interior is hilly, covered with heath, and
interfperfed

VIG
four breafts ; the two upper are fituated under the arm-pits, and by being diftended with milk, are very troublefome to her for the firft two or three months after delivery." In 1793, the population of the parifh of Uig was 1898 ; increafe586 fince17.ee. VIGEANS (St.) ; a parifh in Forfarfhire, lying on the fea coaft, to the E. and N. of the town of Aberbrothock, and comprehending a great part of the fuburbs of that town.. It is of confiderable extent,being 7 miles long, and from 3 to 4 broad, containing 9385 acres ; all of which, except about 700 or 800 acres of improvable nvuir and

with fmall lakes, from

4 fmall rivulets which contain falmon. The live ftock of the parifh in 1794, is thus ftated in the ftatiftical report: calves rearing 641, milk-cows 914, cattle 2007, fheep 5044, goats 304, and horfes 682. Near the fmall village of Calarnijh, not far from Loch Roag, there is an entire druidical place of worfhip. The circle confifts of iz ftones or obelilks, each about 7 fee^ high, and diftant from each other about 6 feet in the center is an obeliik of larger fize, 13
arife
:

whence

feet

above ground

directly S.

from

The furface pretty level, riling on both fides from the fmall river Brothock, which divides it into two parts. The foil is exceedingly various; but, upon the whole, fertile, and well cultivated. The coaft, for about a mile E. from
plantation, are arable.
is

the circle ftand 3 obelilks, running cut in a line ; another fuch due W., and another to the E. ; each ftone being nearly of equal fize, and arranged nearly at equal diftances from each other. Towards the N. there are 2 ftraight ranges of obelilks, reaching, by way of avenue, to an opening between two of the ftones which form the circle. Each of thefe ranges confifts of 6 ftones, placed in a regular manner, one exactly oppofite to another of the different range. All the ftones ftand on end, and are wholly in a rough natural ftate, as taken from the fhore. At a place called Melifta, are the remains of a nunnery, ftill called in the Gaelic Teagh ?ian cailicban dou, i.e. " the houfe of the old black women." At Cailaivay is a Danifh fort or dun, the mod entire perhaps of any in Scotland: it is quite circular, with a double wall of dry ftone 30 feet high, broad at the bafe, and narrower at the top, like the fruftum of a cone. In 1794, there was living in this parifh a curious and uncommon cafe of lufus ?iatur<e, of which the following is the account given by the minifter, Mr. Hugh Monro, in
his ftatiftical report.

Aberbrothock, is flat and fandy : at the end of this plain it rifes abruptly ; and becomes high, bold, and rocky, excavated into numerous caverns of great extent : into fome of thefe the tide flows, and it is poflible for a boat to fail feveral hundred feet under ground. Several of the caves are alfo dry. One called the Maiden-cajlle cove, is 231 feet long, and from 12 to 25 feet broad ; and was wont to be ufed by the Arbroath Mafon Lodge as the place for initiating members* The Gaylet Pot of Auchmitbie is a natural curiofity, well deferving of a vifit. This is a deep cavity, in the midft of a corn field, about 300 feet from the front of the rocks which overhang the fea. At the bottom of this cavity, the fea is feen waihing through a grand fubterraneous paffage, which is 70 feet high, and 40 broad towards the fea, gradually contracting to 12 feet high and 10 broad Through this at its inner extremity. paflage, in calm weather, a boat can fafely fail to the bottom of the pot,

which

is

at leaft

120 feet deep from

" Vevy

near the manfe there lives a woman, who has 4 diftinct breafts or mamma. She has had feveral ftout healthy chil- a fteep and rocky bank, 100 feet above dren, and fuckled them, and likewife the level of the fea. The parifh church one of the minifter's children. She is old, and romantically ieated on the has nipples and milk in each of the top of a fmall conical mount, near the

the top of the rocksimmediatelyabove. About a quarter of a mile from this curiofity, is the fmall fifhing village of Auchmitbie, containing 180 or 200 inhabitants, and fituated on the top of

UIS
It

UIS
feafons, luxuriant crops of oats and barky, and the richeft pafture ; but, as there are no trees to afford fhel-

Broibock. ing to the abbey of Abcrbrothock, the ruins of which lie in this parifh ; (vide Aberurothock.) Several of the pro- ter during the inclemency of winter, prietors have neat manfions on their the appearance is greatly changed, and eftates ; of which we may mention verdure is fcarcely to be fcen ; fo that Seatoivn, the feat of Alexr. Strachan, the cattle in thefe feafons are fed Efq. of Tarry ; Aiichmitbie, the feat partly upon ftraw, and partly upon of John Rolland, Efq. ; Parkbill, of fea weed thrown by ftorms upon the Alexr. Duncan, Efq. ; Ho/pi talfieUs, fhore. There are a great number of frelh water lakes, well ftored with of Major John Frazer of Balmadies North Tarry of the rev. Mr. Aiken ; trout, and frequented by innumerable and Letbam, the property of Mrs. flocks of aquatic fowls. The numStephen. The chief employment of ber of cows is about 2000, of which the inhabitants is the manufacture of 300 are annually exported : the numlinen cloth for the Arbroath market. ber of fmall horfes is at leaft 1600. In 1801, the population was 4931 ; The ftate of agriculture is far behind; increafe 1595 fince 1792, and 1746 and the implements of -hufbandry, more fince 1755. Of that number, at with a few exceptions, are the fame leaft 2500 may be faid to belong to kind that were ufed a century back. The quantity of kelp annually manuArbroath. UIST (NORTH); an ifland of the factured, is about 1200 tons; the Hebrides, belonging tolnvernefs-fhire, greater part of which is in the hands lying between the diitricx of Harris of the proprietor. The whole ifland belongs to Lord Macdonald, who on the N. and Benbecula on the S. from which laft it is feparated only draws from it 2100I. fterling of anby a ftrand, dry at low water. It is nual rent, befides the profits of the of a very irregular fhape ; about 30 kelp. The parifh of North Uist miles long, and from 12 to 18 broad. comprehends, befides that ifland, the That part of the coaft which is warn- adjacent ifles of Bore ray, Orinsay, ed by the Atlantic, is inacceffible to Vallay, Heisker, Kirkbost, Ileveflels, or even to fifhing boats, ex- ray, Grimsay, and feveral fmall cept in the calmeft weather, on ac- holms. In 1793, it contained 3218 count of the rocks and fhoals which inhabitants; increafe 1309 iince 1755. iurround it : the E. coaft alfo is bold, UIST (SOUTH) ; alfo one of the except where it is interfered by the Hebrides, belonging to Invernefs-ihire, feveral inlets of the fea, which form lying in the diitricl called the Long i'afe and commodious harbours. Thefe Ifland, between the ifles of Benbecula are Cheefe Bay, Loch Maddie, Loch on the N.j and Barray on the S. It Evert, and the harbours of J^tehcva is about 32 miles long, and from 9 to apd Keliin ; of thefe, the beft is Loch 10 broad. Its general appearance and Maddie, which would make an excel- furface is very flmilar to that of North lent ftation for a village, having fafe TJiJl ; being iandy and cultivated on anchorage for velfels of any burden, the W. and N., and muiry and hilly toand an eafy outlet with almoft any wards the E. The principal harbours wind. Along the E. coaft, around are Loch Skiport, Loch Eynort, and thefe harbours, the ground is barren, Loch Boifdald, which are well adapted hilly, and almoft uninhabited; the W. for fiihing ftations. The number of and N. parts of the ifland are low fheep is about 7000, and of hcrfes and level for about a mile and an half 800. About 480 or 500 cows are anfrom the fea, when the furface alfo nually fold from the ifland ; but the becomes muiry, wLh hills of fmall principal fource of emolument to the height, covered with black heath. parifh, is from the making of kelp; of The cultivated land on the coaft which, on an average, iroo tons are has moftly a fandy foil, which, as annually manufactured. Colin Macit approaches the muiriands, is a donald, Efq. of Bcifdale, and John thin black loam, lying upon a gravel- Macdonald, Efq. of Clanranald, are ly or freeftone bottom. The culti- the proprietors ; the former of whom vated part is pleafant and agreeable is refident. The parifh of South in furnmer, yielding, in favourable Uist comprehends; befides the ifiaad.

was a parfonage belong-

UNS

UNS

of that name, the adjacent iflands of markable of thefe are Fallafield, exBenbecula, Rona, Eriskay, and tending along its weftern border for feveral fmaller iflets and pafture holms. the whole length of the ifland ; SaxaIn 1793, the population was 3450; fortb towards the N., elevated 700 feet increafe 1241 fince 1755, notwith- above the fea level ; Crofsfield rifes near the middle, and Ford bill runs parallel standing numerous emigrations. ULLAPOOL ; a village on the W. to the E. coaft. Amongft thefe hills coaft of Rofs-fhire, fituated on that there are many level tracts interfperarm of the fea called Locb Broom. It fed, and there are feveral frefti water lakes of confiderable extent; Locb Cliff', is one of the fifhing ftations belonging to the Britifh Society. It was begun the largeft, is about af miles long, and to be built in 1788, and has been gra- 1 broad. The fhores of Unft are redually increaiing fmce that time. In markably indented with bays and 1792, there were 72 houfes, of which creeks, having many fmall iflands and 2$ were Mated, and the remainder co- pafture holms fcattered around. The vered with heath and thatch. This two principal harbours are Uya Sound place is moft advantageoufly fituated on the S., fheltered by the fmall ifland for fifhing or trade, having a good of Uya ; and Balta Sound on the E. harbour on one of the beft fifhing lochs fheltered by the holm of Balta. Aon the W. coaft. The road-ftead is round the coaft are a variety of nafafe and commodious for almoft any tural caves, fome of which penetrate number of veflels ; and a good quay at leaft 300 feet under ground. The has been lately built, where they can foil is, upon the whole, tolerably fereither load or unload with the greateft tile, even under the worft mode of The foil around it is good, and culture ; and the pafture grounds are eafe. will be parcelled out in lots or feus moftly covered with a fhort tender by the Society. There is plenty of heath, affording excellent feeding for ftone for building ; and in the neigh- fheep. The number of horfes is about bourhood are extenfive, and almoft in- 1000, of fheep 6600, and of horned The river cattle 2000. Hogs are alfo fed in conexhauftible peat moffes. which runs into Loch Broom, at the fiderable numbers, and rabbits are exvillage, is alfo well adapted for the e- ceedingly abundant, particularly on add to this the the two holms of Balta and Hunie. reclion of machinery fituation, in the midft of a wool coun- Seals and otters alfo inhabit the fhores The fifhery is an try, which points out the advantage- in great numbers. ous eftablifhment of a woollen manu- important branch of the induftry of In 1792} it contained nearly the inhabitants ; and about 80 tons of factory. cured fifh, on an average, have been 400 inhabitants. Ullapool; a fmall river in Rofs- annually exported from the ifland. In fhire, which rifes in the mountains, former times there were no fewer than on the borders of Sutherland, and falls 24 chapels on the ifland, the remains into Locb Broom at the village of Ulla- of which can be diftindtly traced. Unft abounds in ironftone, which, however, pool. It abounds with falmon. ULVA ; a fmall ifland of the He- has yet never been applied to ufe. It brides, about 2 miles W. from Mull, poffefles many large veins of jafper, lying between that ifland and Staffa. fome fpecimens of which are beautiIt is about % miles in circumference, fully variegated with black and green and is inhabited by 3 or 4 families. It fhades and fpots. Rock cryftals of exhibits the fame kind of bafaltic co- great beauty have fometimes been lumns as Staffa but they are inferior found : and a beautiful piece of topaz, fimilar to the Cairngorm ftones, having in fize and regularity. UNST ; the moft northern of the 12 equal parallelogramic fides, was Shetland ifles, being fituated in 6i 12' lately picked up from a rock. FreeN. latitude. It is of an irregular ob- ftone of various kinds is abundant, long figure, 12 miles long by 3 or 4 and a vein of limeftone has been lately broad. In comparifon with the other difcovered: marl of an inferior quality Shetland ifles, Unft may be reckoned is found in feveral of the lochs ; and level ; but its furface is diverfified by in one or two places there are found feveral extenfive ridges of hills, fome fmall pieces of petreolic fchijlus, and of confiderable height. The moft re- other bituminous fubftances indicative
: ;

URQ^
Unst

UR<L

forms a parifh of itfelf, feet above the level of the lea ; and, of coal. which, in 1792, contained 1988 inha- in all probability, has been formerly bitants; increafe 620 fince 1755. covered by water, as there are evident Voil (Loch); a lake in Perth fhire, marks of the fea having receded from in the parifh of Balquhidder, about the coaft the reft of the parifh is 3 miles long, and 1 broad the fource more elevated, and with an unequal of the river Balvag, one of the prin- waving furface. There is only one cipal branches of the Teith. lake, called the Loch of Cotts, about a Vord Hill ; a hill in the ifland of mile in circuit and Loch Nabeau forms Unft, in Shetland. the march betwixt this parifh and that UPHALL, or Strathbrok ; a of St. Andrews Lhanbryd. Agricul: ; ;

tiarilh in

3120 Scots acres.

Linlithgowfhire, containing The foil is in ge-

ture

is

far behind, chiefly

leafes,

owing to the
fcarcity of

want of
(tones
fit

and the

neral a rich clay, upon till; and many of the lower fields are covered with a rich black loam ; both of which foils It is watered by a are very fertile. fmall rivulet called Broxburn, upon

for building enclofures. The Earl of Fife is proprietor of 4-nfths of the parifh, and has one of his moft elegant feats, the houfe of Lines, fitu-

a village of the fame name, now increafing rapidly, owing to the exertions of the Earl of Buchan, the proprietor, who has let the ground at moderate terms, on building leafes of 99 years it has a great annual fair in Auguft. In this parifh are a coalery, a freeftone quarries, many teams of valuable ironftone, limeftone, marl, reed ifh -coloured chalk, clay, fit for making bricks or pottery, and fome coarfe fullers earth. In 1793, the population was about 600 ; decreafe 90
is
:

which

ated near the Loch of Cotts; the other proprietor is Mr. Innes of Leucbars r who has alfo a pleafant refidence. Thefe proprietors have greatly improved the face of the country by their plantations, which are every year

becoming more

extenfive.

Here was

fince 1755.

a village in Ren; the parifh of Nielfton, containing 142 inhabitants in 1791. Urchay, or Urquhay; a river which rifes on the borders of Perthshire, near the fource of the Tay; and, after a courfe of 10 or 1 2 miles through the beautiful vale of Glenurquhay or Glenorchay, falls into Loch Oa>. Glenrchay gives fecond title of Baron to the Earl of Braidalbin. Urchany; a hill in Nairnfhire, near the royal borough of Nairn. URiE,or Ury; a conliderable ftream in Aberdeenfhire, which rifes in the diftrict of Garioch, and falls into the Don, at the royal burgh of Inverury. Vrine (Loch); a fmall lake in Rofs-fhire, about 3 miles long, and 1 broad, which difcharges its waters by a river of the fame name, into the head of Loch Broom. a parifh in the county of Elgin, about 4 miles long, and 2 broad, lying on the coaft of the Moray Frith, between the rivers Spey and Lqffii. The N. W. part is flat, and the foil fandy, riling only a few
frewihire,
in

UPLAMOOR

formerly iituated the Priory otUrqubart, founded in the year 25, and dependent on the abbey of Dunfermline its fite is now converted into a corn field, and the name of the Abbey Well is the only memorial of it that now remains. In 1793, the population was 1050 ; decreafe 60 fince 1755.

a parifh in Invernefs-fhire, a8 to 1.5 broad. The furface is very mountainous, comprehending the two valleys of Urquhart and Glmmori(lon, which extend in a werterly direction
;

TON

URQUHART and GLENMORIS-

bout 30 miles long, and from

from Loch Nefs, parallel to, and feparated from each other by a ridge of lofty mountains the higheft of which is Mealfourm 'honre, elevated 3060 feet above the fea level. The fcenery of
;

the
at

two

valleys

is

uncommonly grand,

beautiful,

and pi&urefque, prelenting

of

once a fine variety of landfcape, hill and dale, bare rocks and

precipices, lofty craggs, and and fertile plains. The foil of Urquhart is in general a rich, though not a deep loam, and uncommonly
level

wooded

URQUHART;

that of Glenmorifton is fandy, inferior in point of fertility. The rivers are Morifton, Enncric, and Coiltie ; all of which fall into Loch Nefs. In their courfe they form feveral magnificent cafcades, particularly at Moral and Divach ; the latfertile
;

and rather

ter

wanting only a

fufficicnt

quan-

URR
tity of

URR
of Foyers. of napretty level, few of the hills being of great height. The foil is in general light and produftive the upper parts of it are muiry, but for the moil part capable of tillage ; and it is calculated that the proportion of arable land to that which cannot be ploughed, is as 12 to 1. Corn to the value of 4000I. is annually fold out of the parifh, be-< fides 800 or 1000 head of black cattle. The parifh is bounded by the Solway Frith on the S., and by the water of Urr on the W., and poffeffes feveral fmall harbours. The village of Dalbeattiv. has rifen to confiderable importance within a few years, by the exertions of Mr. Maxwell of Munjhes, and Mr. Copland of King's Grange, the proprietors ; both of which gentlemen poffefs elegant feats in the pa:

water to
is

rival the fall

There
tural

a considerable extent

wood on the eftate of Sir James Grant; and the feats of the other proprietors are furrounded by belts and chimps of planting. Sir James Grant
has feveral neat houfes for occafional refidence in this parifh. Corrimony, the feat of Mr. Grant, is a large old building, with extenfive policies ; Invermorifton, the feat

Grant,
Nffiy
itfelf

is

delightfully fituated
'

of Major John on Loch

where the Morifton difcharges into that lake. The caftle of Urqubart, a venerable remnant of antiquity, is now fallen into decay; it is fituated on a rock jutting into Loch Nefs, which wafhes two fides of its towards the land it was ftrongly bafe
:

fortified

by a rampart and a ditch, with a draw-bridge and within its rifh. Limeftone and marl are abundwalls were accommodations for 500 ant ; but there is great want of fuel. or 600 men it was a royal fort, and There are to be feen the veftiges of underwent feveral fieges, during the feveral ancient fortifications, the erecinvafion of Scotland by Edward I. tion of which is attributed to the RoNear this caftle are the remains of a mans, which is the more probable, fmall religious houfe, which belonged from the many pieces of Roman coins to the Knights of St. John of Jerufa- found in the neighbourhood. In 17 934 Iem. In 1797, the~ population was the population was 1354 ; increafe 161 fince 1755. as?? ; increafe 41 2 fince 17^5.
; :

*URQUHART& LOGIE-WEST;

Urr, or Orr (Loch);

in Kirkcudbrightfhire,

a fmall lake'

united parifh in Rofs-fhire, extending 9 or 10 miles in length, and from 3 to 4 in breadth ; lying along the head of the Frith of Cromarty, where the Canon difcharges itfelf into that arm of the fea. The furface is pretty level, and the appearance pleafant, being diverfified by fertile fields and verdant pafture lands, and fhelteted by plantations. In this parifh is the barony of Ferrintojh, well known for the privilege it long poffeffed of diftilling whilky without being liable to the Excife laws ; (vide Ferrintosh.) Though the three heritors, who divide the property of the parifh, have their chief places of refidence in other diftricts, yet they all pofiefs elegant feats in this parifh. Thefe are Findon, the property of Sir Roderick Mackenzie of Scatwell ; FerrintoJ]], belonging to Mr. Forbes of Culloden; and Cononf.de, a feat of Sir Hector Mackenzie of Gairloch. In 1792, the population was 2901 ; increafe 311 fince 1755. URR, or ORR; a parifh in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, about 19 miles long, and 6 broad, containing about 12,000 acres. The furface is
ail

ER

about 3 miles in circuit, bordering with the parifhes of Glencairn, Dunfcore, Balmaclellan., and Ballingry. It is about 9 fathoms at its deepeft, and the waters appear exceedingly black, the earth under it
being black mofs. Towards the eaftern extremity of the lake is a fmall ifiand r upon which is an old caftle furrounded by a high wall. It was built in the reign of Malcolm III. by a Sir Duncan de Lochurr; but was repaired at a future period by one of the Wardlaws of Torry, whofe name is engraven on many places of its
walls.
It is quite in ruins, but forms a beautiful object in the lake. Urr, or Orr ; a river in Kirkcudbrightfhire, which iflues from the above loch ; and, after a courfe of nearly 30 miles, falls into the Solway Frith It is naviat the fmall ifle of Uefton.

gable about a mile from its mouth for veffels of 60 tons ; and, at a fmall expence, the navigation might be greatly Near its increafed and extended. mouth ftands the fmall, but thriving village of Dalbeattie, which is a convenient port for fmall vefiels,

URR
Urb., or

UYA
Vide

of which contain abundance of trout and falmon. There are 4 or 5 feats in the parifh. ; but the moft remarkable ; a parifh compofed of the united parifhes of Urray and Kil- is Bra ban or Braan-cajlle, the chief christ, lying for the moft part in the feat of Lord Seaforth. In 1793, the county of Rofs, though a fmall part is population was i860; decreafe 596 fituated in Jnvernefs-ihire. It extends fince 1755. VU1ST, orVUISTA; the name about 7 miles in length from the Beaulie to the Gorton, and its breadth given by Buchannan to the ifland of Vide Unst. varies from 6 to 3 miles. A fmall por- Unft in Shetland. a fmall pafture ifland of tion is infulated by the parifh of Contin, and lies in the bofom of the Shetland, which covers a fafe harbour mountains, at the diftance of 18 or 20 of the fame name, on the N. coaft of miles. The face of the diftrict in ge- the Mainland. It is efteemed very valuable, from the excellence of its neral prefents a piclurefque landfcape in which are beheld corn fields, barren pafture. a fmall ifland of Shetland, ; rriuirs, rapid ftreams, natural woods, plantations, and gentlemens' feats. about a fquare mile in extent, lying The foil is very various ; but, upon on the S. coaft of the ifland of Unft ; the whole, warm, dry, and tolerably between which is the fafe and comproductive. Befides the two rivers, modious harbour called Uya Sound. It which foi-m its N. and S. boundaries, is uninhabited, but affords excellent pafture for flieep and black cattle. it is interfered by the Orrin, the Carve, the Meig, and the Licbart ; all

Orr,

in Fifefhire.

Orr.

URRAY

UYA;

UYA

w
WAL
WALLACETOWN
and populous
shire,
;

WAL
a thriving

village

the parifh of St. years ago, the late Sir Thomas Wallace of Craigie began to feu houfes and gardens at the N. end of the old bridge of Ayr, and in a fhort time this village was erected, and named after its founder. This village nearly joins to the Newtown of Ayr, and, in 1792, contained 250 families, or 960 inhabitants. and ; a parifh in Orkney, comprehending a part of the ifland of Hoy, called or Wayes, the ifland of Flota, and the fmall iflands of Far a, Cava, and Gransey. In the diftrict of Walls is the refidtnce of Mr. Moodie of In 1794, the population MUfetter. was 991 ; decreafe 9 fince 1755. and a pa; rifh of Shetland, compofed of the difin

AyrQuivox.
in

About 40

the moft weftern part of the Mainland, and are fomewhat of a triangular figure, 11 miles long by 9 broad, much interfected by arms of the fea, diverfified by many fmall eminences. The chief creek is Faila Sound, at the mouth of which is an ifland of the fame name. In 1797, the parifh contained 1723 inhabitants; increafe 273
fince 1755.

Vide

Papastour and

Fowla.

a parifh in Lanark; near the fouthern borders of the county. The furface is uneven, though not rocky ; but in the high grounds the foil is fhallow and barren, and moftly covered with heath ; in the low grounds the foil is a black loam, upon clay or gravel, and tolerably It contains about 3000 Scots fertile. acres, of which 2000 are arable, and SANDNESS the remainder affords pafture to about 32,0 black cattle, 960 fheep, and tricts of Walls and Sandness, and 90 horfes. Upon one of the hills, on the iflands of Papastour and Fow- the S. border, are the traces of a cirja. The two former diftriets lie on cular encampment. In 1792, the p-

WALLS

WALSTON

FLOTA

fhire,

Walls

WALLS

XV
3?755

AN
fince

WEE
a hill in Selkirkfhfre, in the parifh of Etterick, 1900 feet above the level of the fea.
in the parifh

fnthtion was 427; decreafe 52

Wardlaw;

a hill ; in the parifh of Walfton, elevated about 1550 feet above the fea level. a parifh in Dum; fries-fhire, about 4I miles long, and 3 broad, fomewhat in the form of an

/alston Black Mount

WAMPHRAY

a hill in Caithnefs, ; of Canifbay. Warth, or Hill: a hill in Orkney, on the S. fide of Pomona

Warth

Hill

Ward

ifland.

WATERSAY; one of the Hebrides, amphitheatre, of which the ftraight part is formed by the river Annan. lying to the S. of the ifland of Barray, The banks of this river, for about a from which it is diftant about 1 mile, is level, and fertile ; but, to- mile. It is about 3 miles long, and in wards the N., the furface becomes fome places 1 broad, and tolerably It poffeffes an excellent harhilly and mountainous, affording ex- fertile. The church bour for veflels of any burden, fhelcellent fheep pafture. and fmall village are romantically fi- tered from all ftorms by the iflands of tuated in a deep and woody recefs, Sanderay and Muldonich, or the deer on the banks of the fmall river of ifland. Waterfay is inhabited by 10 Wamphray, which winds through the families, and is the property of the parifh, falling into the Annan after a Macniels of Barray. a parifh about 14 lucceffion of ftupendous waterfalls. broad, lying There are confiderable tracts of wood, miles long, and 10 or of nearly in the center of the county of chiefly around the old caftles Wamphray and Locbivood ; the latter. Caithnefs. The furface is flat and the old family feat of the lords of level, having a confiderable extent of Annandale. There is a neat refidence excellent arable land between the at Stenries hill, the feat of"Mr. Ander- muirs and moffes with which it aThe foil is light and fandy, fon. The number of fheep is about bounds. 6000, of cattle 600, and of fvvine 100. and very capable of improvement, In 1798, the population was 483; in- efpecialiy as there is great abundance of limeftone in the neighbourhoods creafe 24 fince 1755. lock; a fmall river on the It is watered by the river Wick and borders of Dumfries and Lanarkfhires, feveral of its tributary ftreams. In tributary to the Nitb. 1793, the population was 1230; dea confiderable creafe 194 fince 1755. Wattin (Loch ) ; a beautiful lake village in Dumfries-fhire, in the parifh of Sanquhar, feated on the above in the above parifh, about 3 miles mentioned river. It is folely inhabited long, and 2 broad, frequented by fea by the lead miners, who with their fowl, and fometimes by fwans. Wauchope; a fmall river in Dumfamilies amount to about 870 inhabitants. Like their neighbours of the vil- fries-fhire, which joins the EJJi near lage of Lead hills, they have eftabliih- the village of Neiv Langholm. a name ed a fupfcription library, and employ themfelves in reading, at. their fpare fometimes given to the eaftern diftrict hours. The varieties of ore found here, of Dumfries-ihire, commonly called % are the potters' lead ore the fmall or EJkdale. fteel-grained ore, which is very rich an extenfive Highland in filver ; the white lead ore, or car- parifh in Perthshire, in Braidalbin, bonate of lead, which is cnrioufiy rami- which is fo intermixed with the neighThe bouring diftridlts, that no accurate idea fied, like petrifactions of mofs. galena or fmall-grained ore yields a- can be given of its extent. The furbouc 70 parts of lead from the 100 of face is mountainous' and rugged, waore ; the carbonate about 60. Some tered by the rivers Tay, Lyon, Lochay, fpecimens of green phofphate of lead and Docbart,, and lying upon the fide are likewife met with. Though the of Loch Tay. The great military bowels of thefe mountains are to rich road from Stirling to Invernefs paffes in metallic riches, nothing can equal through the parifh, crofiing the Tay the barren and dreary appearance of at Tay-bridge, near Kenmore. There the furface; neither trees, fhrubs. nor are about 8000 fheep, and 1300 head erdure, not even a picburefque rock of black cattle. Near the church of mufes the eye of the traveller. Weem is Cajlk-Mcn%ies } the beauti.

WATTIN;

Wan

WANLOCKHEAD;

WAUCHOPEDALE;

WEEM;

WEW
fal feat of Sir
caitle,

WES
of the parifh all belong to General Wemyfs, the lineal defcendant of the old Earls of Fife, in which family they have remained fince the year 11 28. In 1792, the population was 3035; decreafe 16 fince 1755.

John Menzics, Baronet

a handibme edifice, in the form of a

with turrets, &c. and fun-omul fine plantations,

ed with

orchards.

gardens, and 1793, the population was 1364 ; increafe 69 fince 1755. WEICH, or WICK. Vide Wick. In

WEST CALDER.
(West).

Vide Calder.

WEISDALE.

Vide

Ting wall.

WESTER-KIRK; a parifh in Duma parifh in Fifefhire, ; to the eaftward of, and adjoining to, fries-fhire, extending about 9 miles in the parifh of Dyfart, on the coaft of length ; but, as the boundaries are irthe Frith of Forth. Its greateft length regular, its breadth varies from a to 8 from S. W. to N. E. is about lix miles- It contains about 27,300 acres, miles, and its greateft breadth is a of which not more than 1360 are aramile and an half. From the fhore, ble. The general appearance is hilly, which is rocky, the ground rifes gra- partly covered with heath, but for the dually to the northern extremity, af- moft part green and dry, and affordfording a great variety of foil and fur- ing excellent pafture for fheep. The It is entirely arable ; though a arable land lies chiefly on the banks face. confiderable extent is occupied by the of the EJk, w.here the furface is flat, plantations around Wemyfs -cafile, the and the foil a light and fertile loam ; elegant refidence of Major- General the climate is moift, though not unWemyfs. This cattle is of great an- healthy, nor unfavourable forthe crops. tiquity, but has been greatly modern- The number of flieep is about 17,480, ized by the fucceffive proprietors. It and of cattle about 200. There is a is celebrated as the place where Queen rich marl loch on the farm of Megdak, Mary had her firft interview with the the property of the duke of BucEarl of Darnley. There are feveral cleugh, which is, however, little ufed confiderable villages in this parifh, by the farmers. Upon the grounds of viz. Wejler-Wemyfs, a burgh of barony, Glendonrjjyn or Glendining, there is a belonging to General Wemyfs, go- rich mine of antimony, which is verned by 1 bailies, a treafurer, and wrought to a confiderable extent, and council. It has a good harbour, pof- is almoft the only productive mine or feffes feveral vefiels, and carries on a that metal in Britain : there is a fmeltfmall trade in fhip-building, and con- ing houfe, in which the ore is manutains about 770 inhabitants; Eajier- factured, both into the fulpburet and, Wemyfs, a village on the coaft, but the regulus of antimony. To accomhaving no fafe harbour, containing modate the miners, the proprietor 557 inhabitants; Buckbaven, a cele- has built a neat, village, called James' brated fiihing village, containing 601 Tonvn, pleafantly fituated on the banks inhabitants (vide Buckhaven) ; Me- of the Megget. There are two ruinthil, a burgh of barony, with a fafe ous caftles, at Glendining and Weftcrharbour, containing 314 fouls; and bali; and near the latter is the elegant the Eaji and Weft Coaltowns, two vil- feat of the fame name, the refidence lages in the country, inhabited by of Sir William Pulteney-Johnftone of colliers, containing nearly 400 fouls. Wejier-hall. This parifh gave birth to There are many valuable feams of the celebrated Mr. Pulteney, the coal, which is wrought to a great ex- oppofer of the corrupt adminiftration tent, and fhipped at the ports oiMeth'rf of Sir Robert Walpole ; to Governor and Wefier-Wemyfs. There is alfo lime- Johnstone ; and to the gallant Adftone ; but it is of inferior quality. miral Su'Thomas Pas ley, who comThe rocks are moftly compofed of manded the van fquadron in the glo r freettone, which is hollowed out into rious action of Earl Howe, on the firft large caves, from whence the parifh of June. In 1794, the population was received its name; Weans or Wemyfs 655 ; increafe 106 within the laft 45 being the Gaelic for a rocky cavern. vears. " WESTER-LENZIE. Vide KirkBefides Wemyfs-cajile, there is an old ruin, called the caftle of Eafler-Wemyfs, intilloch.
laid to have been built

WEMYSS

about 1057 by

WESTERN ISLANDS.
3P2

Macduff,
Fife

who was

by Malcolm

created Earl of Canmcre. The lands

are called the Weflern IJles" favs

Thofe Bu

WES
channan, in his Hiftory of Scotland, " which lie between Scotland and

WES
frequent defcents on thefe iflands, now got firm poffeffion of the greater part of them. Nor were the invaders
fatisfied with this, but in a fhort time made fo frequent inroads into the heart of the country, as to put it out of the fovereign's power to command the weftern frontier of the Scottifli kingdom: Kintyre,Ayrfhire,Lorn, Knapdale, and part of Galloway fell under the dominion of the Norwegians, and afforded haunts for pirates and men of defperate fortunes, who infefted the coafts of England and the neighbouring parts. At length, Harold Harfager King of Denmark and Norway, about the end of the 9th century, made an expedition to the Scottifh ifles, and appointed a viceroy or governor, confidering thefe iflands as forming a part of his kingdom. One of the Danifh viceroys, however, threw off his dependence on the mother country, and declared himfelf King of the Ifles, and fixed the feat of his government in the Ifle of Mann, where he and his fucceffors, for feveral generations, were fometimes independent, and at other times tributary, according to the viciffitudes of their affairs. With one of thefe kings or viceroys, Somerled, a powerful chieftain of Kintyre, formed a matrimonial alliance, about the beginning of the 12th century; and fome time after, in 1 15 8, availing himfelf of the troubles of that period, fet up for an independent prince, and feparated the Weftern Ifles and Kintyre from the crown or viceroyalty of Mann. After this, by conqueft or treaty, he made himfelf mafter of a great part of Argyllfliire. Not yet fatisfied with the extent of his poffeffions, and elated with his former fuccefs, he formed the defign of fubje&ing all Scotland to his power. Accordingly, in 11 64, he made a defcent on the Clyde with a fleet of 120 fail, and fought with the army of Malcolm IV. near Renfrew ; but he there fell, with a great number of his followers, a facrifice to his ambition. The effects of this difafter were long

on the W. of Scotland, in the Deucaledonian lea, and reach almoft to the ifles of Orkney or Orcades. They who have written of Scottifh hiftory, either now or in the age before us, call them Hebrides ; a new name of which there is not any fign, or any original in ancient writers: for, in that tract of the ocean in which they lie, fome authors place the Ebuda:, the Acmoda, or Emoda ; but, with fuch inconfiftency amongft themfelves, that they fcarce ever agree as to their number, fituation, or names. Strabo, the molt ancient, may be the better excufed, becaufe he followed uncertain report ; this part of the world being very little known in his time. Pomponius Mela reckons the Emoda: to be feven ; Martialis Capella makes the Acmoda; as many ; Ptolomy and Solinus make the number of the Ebuda five ; Pliny numbers the Acmoda: feven, and the Ebuda: thirty. I for my part (fays Buchannan), think fit to retain the name moft ufed by the ancients, and therefore I call all the Weftern Ifles by the general name of Ebuda:" Thefe iflands were never accurately known or defcribed, till the beginning of the 16th century, when a defcription of them was publifhed by Donald Monro High Dean of the Ifles, termed by Buchannan " a pious and diligent perfon, who travelled himfelf over 'all thefe iflands, and
Ireland,

viewed them carefully.'' They are about 3C0 in number; and the principal ifles have been already noticed under the article Hebrides; which
fee.

The

ancient hiftory

is

involved

in great obfcurity ; lous ftories are told

and many fabuby Boethius and

ancient inhabitants of the Ebuda:. They appear to have been under their own princes, and fubjedt to the Scottifh monarchs, until the 8th century, about the time when the Pictifh kingdom was utterly deftroyed by Kenneth II. At this period, the feat of the Scottifh monarchy was removed
;

Buchannan concerning the

feverely felt by his family, who, infrom Campbelltown and Dunftaffnage ftead of attempting new conquefts, to the eaftern coaft and this remote were hardly able to preferve the terand deferted corner foon became a ritories of their father. Accordingly, prey to foreign invaders. The Danes at different periods, we find the Kings and Norwegians, who, fince the be- of Norway, of Scotland, and of Engginning of the 8th century, had made land, laying claim to the fovereignty
I
j
i

WES
of the of them at their pleafure, although the defcendents of Somerled ftill kept poffefSion, exercifed the power, and often aflumed the title of kings. But the Norwegian monarchs not onlyhad the greateft authority in this district, but their authority appeared to be well founded ; for, in 1093, the Sovereignty of the Ifles had been formally ceded to Magnus (firnamed the Barefooted) King of Norway, by Donald Bane King of Scotland, brother to Malcolm III. as the bribe to the Scottiih aflift him in ufurping crown. In the beginning of the 13th century, the Somerled or Macdonald family were tributary to Norway, until 1263, when, by lofmg the battle of Largs, the Danifh power in Scotland was greatly weakened, and the SucceSfor of Kacho finally ceded the Ifles to the crown of Scotland for the annual tribute of 100 merks. In 1335, the defcendents of Somerled were aand Donald, the gain independent anceftor of the Macdonald family, was in poffeffion of the fovereignty of the Ifles ; and, having acquired the earldom of Rofsby marrying the daughter of Alexander Leflie Earl of Rofs, became the moft powerful Subject of Scotland. The Lordlhip of the Ifles continued in the pofieffion of the Macdonald family for many years ; but, having offended the Kings of Scotland by their haughty conduct, they were reduced from the Situation of an independent prince to that of a powerful baron and the family is ftill reprefented by the prefent Lord Macdonald. Concerning the Lords of the Ifles, the following remarks by Dr. Smith of Campbelltown are worthy of notice. Speaking of the power and feverity of* thefe petty monarchs, he adds, " It is, however, but juftice to fay of the Macdonalds, that they were probably ao worfe than the times required. rough people had need of rough lords; and as, in the courfe of ages, the influence of no regular government reached thefe remote corners, which the Scottish Sovereigns had totally abandoned, the Macdonalds, who made annual circuits to receive and to fpend their revenues, to adminifter juftice, and to enforce a few fnnple laws, were, in many reSpects, uleful to their people, and of fervice to fociety. On this account, 'it is. not to be wonderIflcs,
; ;

WES
ed, that thefe little fovereigns claimed, and were allowed, a very high

and pretending to difpofe

degree of confequence. The representative of the laft of thefe kings happening to be in Ireland, was invited to an entertainment given by the Lord Lieutenant. He chanced to be among the laft in coming in, and fet himfelf down at the foot of the table near the door. The Lord Lieutenant afked him to fit befide him

Macdonald, who had no Englifh, afked " what the carle Said." He bids you move towards the head of the table. " Tell the carle, that wherever Macdonald fits, that is the head of the table." The opinion conceived
of thefe lords in their own country, emphatically expreffed in the fliort epitaph difcoA'ered lately on one of
is

their

tombs in Icolmkill; " Macdonuill fato hie;'" as much as to fay, that Jkte alone could lay Macdonald there. The Macdonalds were much celebrated for their hofpitality, and no lefs for their generofity. A night's
lodging, or a fingle meal furniihed to Macdonald, was often rewarded with a farm. Many familes in the iflands hold their property in confequence of grants from thefe lords, who conveyed them in charters extremely fhort,

This will but abundantly ftrong. appear from the following fpecimen, though divelted of the Spirit and rhyme of the original. " I Donald, chief of the Macdonalds, give here, in my caftle, a right to Mackay, to Kihnahumag, from this day till to-morrow, and fo on for ever." The inhabitants of the Weftcrn Ifles obferve the fame cuftoms, wear the fame drefs, fpeak the fame language, and are in every
refpect
fimilar to the Highlanders and, indeed, properly belong to the Highland diviiion of Scotland; (vide

Highlands.)
article,

cannot leave this without noticing the great advantages which thefe iflands hold out
the profecution of the fisheries and we cannot help ; lamenting, that the mifguided policy of many of the great proprietors, by throwing a number of arable farms under Sneep, and obliging their tenants to hold their farms without leafes, from year to year, Should banilh from the kingdom, and caufe to emigrate many of the beft Subjects, and the fureft ftandards of national wealth,
for

We

and of trade

j 1

WES
WESTERTOWN;

WHI
WESTRUTHER;

a village in the a parifh in Bercounty of Clackmannan, and parifh of wickfhire, about 5 miles long, and 4 Tillicoultry, containing upwards of broad ; lying on the London road by Coldftream, about 28 miles S. of Eaoo inhabitants. KILPATRICK. YideKiL- dinburgh.' About one half of the parifh is hilly, and fit only for pafture ; patrick West. a diftrict of Su- and the other half is fiat and level, and therland, lying in the N.W. corner of either under culture or fufceptible of The live ftock in 1793 the county, terminated by the pro- cultivation. was thus eftimated 160 horfes, 700 montory of Cape Wrath. Westraw Hill, in Lanarklhire, black cattle, and 5000 fheep. There in the parifh of Pettinain, is elevated are 3 villages, Wejtruther, Wetherly, and about 1000 feet above the level of the E@t0i/lgw ; the latter is entirely of recent erection, and, in 1793, contained fea. one of the Orkney about 70 inhabitants. In the fame ST iflands, about 20 miles N. from Kirk- year, the population of the parifh was wall. It is of an irregular figure, 730; increafe 139 fince 1755. an ifland of Shetland, having many bays and jutting -out points of land ; it is about 9 or 10 on the E. coaft of the Mainland, amiles in length from E. to W., and bout 6 miles long, and 3 broad, belonging to the parochial charge of its breadth varies from 1 to 2 miles but, towards the W. end, it is at leaft NeJJing. The coaft is rocky, and the 6 miles broad. At this end alfo, there furface unequal; but, upon the whole, it is tolerably fertile. It is obferved is a ridge of hills of conficlerable height, -ftretching from N. to S. near- by mariners, that on approaching this ly 4 miles : the reft of the parifh is ifland, the compafs reels and becomes pretty level. The arable foil is vari- unfteady, plainly indicating fome magous in its quality ; part being fandy, netic influence in fome of the rocks of and part being a rich black mould, the ifland. It contains 84 families, or even under the mode of culture which about 500 inhabitants. WHINNION,OrWHINNYAN (LoCHJj prevails in the Orkneys. Upwards of ieven-eighths of the ifland is in a ftate a fmall but beautiful lake in the ftewof nature, and paftured by 1074 head artry of Kirkcudbright lying between of cattle, and 1843 fheep. The coaft the parifhes of Girthon and Twyneholme. It abounds with delicious is in general rocky, affording only one iafe harbour, on the N. W. fide of the yellow trout. a parifh in Weftifland, called Pyra-avall, which only ; admits veffels of fmall burden. At Lothian, in the S. W. corner of the the head of the bay, which forms the county. It extends about 6 miles in harbour, ftands a (lately Gothic ruin, length, and bet-ween 2 and 3 in breadth. called the cattle of Noltland, part of The furface is pretty level, and the which has never been finifhed. There foil in general a loam, inclining to clay ; in fome places with 3 mixture is a tradition, that this cattle was intended as a place of retreat for Queen of mofs, on a ftrong clay or tilly botMary and Bothwell, from the then tom. Near the W. end of the parifh prevailing difturbances ; but, upon there is a high ridge, about 2 miles her defeat, the cattle, and fome ad- long, and 1 broad, of a very deep joining lands, were granted to a gen- barren mofs; part of which, however, tleman of the name of Balfour, who lies upon a valuable feam of coal, put the Balfour arms on various parts which has never been wrought, on acof the houfe. The rocks around the count of the vicinity to the coal works Except this ifland yield fea weed fufficient to pro- in the parifh of Shotts. barren fpot, almoft the whole parifh duce 280 tons of helper annum. STRAY (PAPA). Vide Papa is under tillage. It is watered by the

WEST

WESTMOINE;

WE

RAY;

WHALSAY;

WHITEBURN

Almond, the Briecb, and two rivulets a parifh of the Ork- called the Black and Whiteburns. The neys, comprehending the ifles of village of Whiteburn contains aWestray and Papa Westray; and bout 500 inhabitants, and lies on the road from Edinburgh to Hamilton containing, in 1793, 1629 inhabitants by Mid-Calder, about %\ miles from increafe 339 fince 1755.

Westray.

WE WE STRAY

WH
the metropolis.
lation

WHI
Port-Tarrock, and IJle of Whithorn, At the latter place is a fate harbour, and a village containing 350 inhabitants. The face of the parifh is varie-

was 1322;

In 1793, the popuincreafe aoi fince

1155'

WHITEKIRK
Vide

dingtonfhire,

hame.
parifh.

a parifli in Had; united to TynningAlfo a pleafant village in that

gated wih
is

hills

and

valleys.

The

foil

in general fertile,

and the

fields are

moftly enclofed and well cultivated. Orkney, There is a great deal of thriving plantunited to Tingwall. Vide Ting- ing in the parifh ; particularly on the eftates of Mr. Hawthorn of Cajllewall. 1 ten-he ad ; a promontory on nuigg, and Mr. Stewart of Tonderghie,

Tynninghame.
a parifli in

WHITENESS;

Wh

who have fine refidences here : the the N. coaft of Sutherland. Whitewynd, or Whitewool- feat of the former is an old caftle in len-hill; a beautiful green hill in the ftyle of thofe of the old Scottifh Dumfries-fliire, in the parifli of Dry'f- barons ; and that of Mr. Stewart is dale ; which commands a delightful an elegant modern building, on an elevated fituation, commanding an exprofpect of the furrounding country. tenfive view of England and the Ifle WHITHERN, or a royal borough in Wigtonfhire, feat- of Mann. Marble and flate are found ed on the bay of Wigton, where a in confiderable quantity ; there are fmall ftream of water falling into it many promising appearances of lead forms a harbour. The town confifts and copper mines, but as yet none have In 1793, the populachiefly of one ftreet, running from N. been wrought. to S. from this ftreet there are feve- tion was 1890; increafe 590 fince 175^. and ral alleys, ftretching to the E. and to an the W. About the middle of the united parifh in Bervvickfhire, about town there is a good hall for public 4\ miles long, and 2% broad. The meetings, adorned with turrets and a land under culture is moftly a deep fpire, and furnifhed with a fet of good rich clay, but there is a confiderable beautiful ftream of water, extent of muiry and marfhy ground. bells. over which there is a neat bridge, runs The village of Whitfom is very inconacrofs the main ftreet. The houfes fiderable, having no manufactures or are neat and commodious. It is a trade of any kind, and containing aroyal burgh, governed by a provoft, bout 140 inhabitants. The parifli beIt u- longs to a number of proprietors % bailies, and 15 counfellors. nites with the burghs of New Gallo- none of which refide, except Jofhua way, Wigton, and Stranraer, in fend- Tait, Efq. of Langrigg. In 1793, the ing a reprefentative to the Imperial population of the united parifli was parliament. Whithorn (the Candida 590; increafe 191 fince 1755. Whittadder, or Whitewater; Cafa and Leucopibia of the ancient geographers) is a place of great anti- a river of Berwickfhire, which has its quity, having been a Roman ftation, rife in the mountains of Lammermuir9 the capital of the No-vantes, and the on the borders of Eaft-Lothian, and oldeft bifhopric in Scotland. The taking a courfe nearly S., is joined by cathedral, of which there are now the Blackadder near the village of fcarce any remains, was founded in Chirnfide ; from thence its courfe is the fourth century by St. Ninian, S. E., and it falls into the Tweed awho dedicated it to St. Martin. Here bout 5 miles above Berwick. It awas alfo a priory of the Premonftra- bounds with excellent trout and faltenfian order, very richly endowed. mon, and is fubject to frequent inunIt contains about 756 inhabitants. The dations ; one of which, in October parifli of Whithorn is about 8 miles x 775 w ^ s fo dreadful, that almofc long, and 4 broad, occupying the ex- every bridge was fwept away by the tremity of that peninfula of Wigton- torrent. a parifli in fhire formed by the bays of Wigton and Luce. The extent of fea coaft is Haddingtonfhire, about 1 1 miles long, about 9 miles, and it is moftly bold and 4 broad, containing 9267 Scots and rocky. The headlands are Burgh- acres; of which 5870 lie amongft the head, Port -Tarrock-head, and Stun- hills of Lammermuir, and 3397 are bead i and the bays are Port- Allan, low and flat. About 6000 fheep are

WHITHORN

WHITSOM

HILTON;

WHITTINOHAM;

WI
bred
in

L.

WIC
The low earldom
of Caithnefs. On the petition of George Earl of Caithnefs, a charter was granted by James VI. of Scotland, of date 24th September, 1589, erecting the town of Wick into a royal borough, under the fuperiority of that nobleman. -#About the year 1 71 8, the property and fuperiority came into the family of Sinclair of Ulbfter. Thefett of the borough was fixed in 1 716, by which the content of the original founders or their fucceffors was declared to be necefiary to the election of the magiftrates. By this fett the old magiftracy make out a leet of 2 perfons, out of which a provoft, 4 out of which 2 bailies, are to be chofen by the free burgeffes, and their choice muft be approved of by the fuperior, otherwife the election is void, and a new leet muft be made out. When the provoft and bailies are elected, they have the right of nominating 7 counfellors, a treafurer, and dean of guild. The income is fmall, but on the increafe. Wick is the county town of the fhire, and, of confequence, the feat of the fheriffcourt. It is one of the northern district of boroughs; and, with Kirkwall, Dornoch, Dingwall, and Tain, fends a member to parliament. In 1793, it contained about 1000 inhabitants. The pariih of Wick extends about 20 miles in length, and 10 in breadth, fomewhat of a femicircular form, the chord of which is formed by the fea. The coaft is rocky, indented with many creeks, and excavated with innumerable caves, the habitations of feals and otters, and the neftling places of cormorants, and other fea fowl. Befides the harbour, formed by the river Wick, there are feveral fafe boat ftations, particularly at Staxigoc, Braadhanjen, and Lovi/burgb. The principal promontory is Nofs-head, very high and rocky, and vifible at a vaft diftance at fea. The appearance of the country in general is flat, open,

the

hilly

part.

is all arable and well cultivated, the greater ; part being endofed with hedge and ditch, or ftone dykes. The foil is various,; that on the S. {ide of the water of Whittingham being much inferior to that on the N. The village of Whittingbmn contains about 140 inhabitants, and lies about Near the 5 miles S. of Haddington. village is Traprene Law, a fmall eminence ; at the foot of which ftands Hailes-caftle, noted for the refidence

ground

of Queen Mary and Bothwell. Upon one of the Lammermuir hills, called the Prkji's Law, is a ftrong and regular fortification, the parts of which are very entire : it is of an oval form, furrounded with 3 ditches on 3 of the fides, and 4 on the N. fide ; the circumference of the outer works will meafure about 2000 feet. The only manfions in the pariih are Whittmgkam-koufc, and Ruchlaw ; the former the family-feat of Hay of Drummellightful fituation.
its deIn 1792, the pariih contained 655 inhabitants ; decreafe 59 fince 17^5.

zier,

and deferves notice for

WICK

(SHIRE

of).

Vide Caith-

ness.
; a royal borough on the E. coaft of the county of Caithnefs, feated at the mouth of a fmall river of the fame name, the aeftuary of which forms the harbour. The town is fmall, and the ftreets narrow and confined ; but there are feveral buildings, which are a considerable ornament to the The harbour at prefent is place. quite natural, and very inconvenient but feveral of the proprietors have it in contemplation to erect a new har-

WICK

bour, which, if completed, would not only be of great importance to the town, but alfo to the kingdom at
large, by faving many veffels which are wrecked on this coaft; there being

no

fafe

harbour

between Cromarty

Frith and the Orkneys. If this harbour is completed, the town will alfo and champaign ; and though immenfe receive a confiderable addition to its tracts of land are uncultivated and fr/e towards the S., where a new wafte, or covered with heath, yet the town is to be feued, on a neat and re- greater part is highly fufceptible of gular plan, on the eftate of Sir Benja- cultivation. The mode of hufbandry min Dunbar. The chief branch of is, however, ftill far behind ; in many commerce and induftry is the fiiheries, places the diftinction into infield and which are profecuted with great at- outfield is preferved, and green crops tention. The town and borough lands and fallow are little ufed. There arc f Wick were formerly a part of the feveral lakes which abound with trout?

WIG
an'i the parifh is interfered its whole extent by the river of Wick. At Keifs,
eftates of Sir John Sinclair of Ulbfter, is an elegant modern houfe ; and near it is the old caftle of Keifs, formerly the reiiuence of the Mr. Sinclair of Earls of Caithnefs. Frefivick has alfo a relidence at Nybfler ; Acker-vilie Tower, the feat of Sir Benjamin Dunbar of Hempriggs, is an old Gothic building- formerly a feat of the Earls Marifchal. Befides Keifs, there are two ruinous caftles, Girmgoe and Gafile-Sinclair, which formerly belonged to the Earls of Caithnefs

W
artry;

G
burghs,

It contains three royal

one of the

viz.WlGTON,STRANRAER,andWHlTr horn; the town of Port-Patrick, and

feveral cor.fiderable villages; of which the chief are Glenluce, IJle of Whithorn, Cairn, Garlieflown, &c. The principal feats are Culhorn and Cafile-Kennedy, the Earl of Stair ; Galloway-houfe', Earl of Galloway ; Park, Sir Thomas Hay ; Dunfkey, Sir D. HUnter-Blair ;

Admiral Keith StewR. Hawthorn-Stewart, Efq. ; Merton-caflle, Sir William Maxwell of Monreith, Bart. ; Lochnawcaflle, Sir Stair-Agnew, Bart. ; CajlleGlafferton, iate
Phyfgill,

art;

Stewart, Efq.; Cajllewigg, upon a narrow promontory, Stewart, (land the ruins of the caftle of Old Captain Hawthorn Tonderghie, James Wick, in former times a feat of the Stewart, Efq. Balcail, Major Rofs % Lords Oliphant. In 1793, the popu- &c. &c. Wigtonfhire is divided into lation of Wick parifh was about 5000; 17 parifhes which, by the returns to Sir John Sinclair in 1790-7, contained increafe 1062 lince 1755.
there,
; ; ;

county of 20,983 inhabitants; increafe 4517 fince the high 1755. The valued rent is 67,646k 173; grounds, in the parifh of Latheron. In Scots, and the real land rent is eftiits courfe it is augmented by two mated at 53,890k fterling. dreams; one from the lock of Toftingal, ; a royal borough, and and the other from the loch of Wattin; capital of that diftriet of Galloway to> and difcharges itfelf into the fea at which it gives its name, is a fmall the town of Wick, where its asftuary town, pleaiantly fituated on the fide forms the harbour of that town. The of a hill, near the mouth of the river falmon fiihing on this river is very Blaidenoch- It is a place of confiderable antiquity ; and; indeed, few of productive. Wig; a fafe bay in Wigtonfhire, the homes are Of recent erection. It is in Lock Ryan, nearly oppofite to the probable that it came to be a place of fome confequence about the 8th or 9th village of Cairn WIGTOWNSHIRE, fometimes cal- century, and that it received its chara river
in the

Wick;

Caithnefs,

which

rifes

in

WIGTON

led Upper or Wefl Galloway, is of an irregular figure, the greateft length of which is about 30 miles, and in no place is its breadth more than i%, excluding the two narrow promontories of the Mull of Galloway and Burghhead. It is bounded on the S. E. by the bay of Wigton, which feparates it from the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright ; on the S. and by the ocean; on the N. by Ayrfhire; and on the E. by Kirkcudbright. The bays of Luce and Ryan extend inland, forming by their approximation a peninsula, called the Rhyns of Galloway. The coaft is tolerably fertile ; but agricultural improvements are yet in their infancy : the interior and northern parts are barren and hilly, fit only for the pallurage of lheep and black cattle. There is no river of any lize, except the Luce, which falls into the bay of Luce and the Cree, which forms the boundary with Kirkcudbright ftew-

ter of ereclion into a royal borough,

during the reign of Robert Bruce. It is a port of the cuftomhoufe, comprehending the creeks of Wigtonfhire, from the Mull of Galloway to the mouth of the river Dee. The town is governed by a provoft, a bailies, and is counfellors; and, with Whithorn,
Stranraer, and New-Galloway, elects a member of the Britifh legifiature. It is laid to be uncommonly healthful; and initances of longevity are fre-

W.

quent. In 1792, according to the report of the rev. Mr. Duncan, there was living in town a woman, who at that time had children, grandehildrehj great-grandchildren, arid great-greatgrandchildren, all in exifterice. In the fame year, the population of the town was 1032. The parifh of Wigton is of an irregular figure, approaching id an obiong fquare, extending 5^ miles' in length, and 4 in breadth, compre=

hendin? about 5500 acres.

3

It is

wau

WIL
tered by the Blaidenoch, and exhibits a confiderable variety of foil and furface. Towards the S. it is interiperfed with hills, which are aim oft entirely arable, with a dry, light, and fertile mould", adapted for aftridii 'every fpeeies of hufbandry. The N. corner is more diversified in its furface: upwards of iooo acres are incapable of tillage, and the fmall fpots of arable ground are cf a coarfe and unproductive foil. The N. E. part is moftly covered with mofs, and appears in former times to have been an "arm of the lea. The greater part is enclofed ; and the modern improved plans of hufbandry are gaining ground. The live ftock is about 130 horfes, 'iooo head of cattle, and 1100 fheep. There is a fmall falmon fifhing on the Blaidenoch, which rents at 33I. fterling per annum. In 1793, the population 'of-'Wigton parifh was 1350 ; increafe
it

WIN
flood a fiege of 5' weeks, 1745, which commenced on the 34-th February, and was raifed on the 3d April following, with the lofs of only
killed and 24 wounded. It however, by no means a place of ftrength ; and for feveral years paft has been garrifoned by a governor,

men

is,

W.

fort-major, and a fmall company of invalids. Some time ago, a confiderable part of the walls was undermined, and fwept away by the river Nevis, which runs by it. Since that time it has been going to ruin, and there feems little probability of its being repaired.

a village in Lanarkfhire, in the -parifh of Carnwath, erected about 14 years ago by Meffrs. Wilfons of London, to accommodate the workmen, at their extenfive iron foundery at this place.

WILSON-TOWN;

The work

is

excellently fituated in

318 fmce 1755.

a fine fafe bay of confiderable extent, running northward from the Sohvay Frith into the interior of Galloway. It affords fafe places -of anchorage in many places,
;

Wigton Bay

forj on the ; very ground where the blaft furnaces

refpect to the materials

'

'

'

good harbours, of Whithorn, Wigton, Garlirjroivn, (jfeeio'ivn, and Gate1792, the number of workmen and From receiving the river Cree their families was upwards of 400. hov.fe. at its northern extremity, it is fomea parifh in Roxburgh; shire, lying on the banks of the Tetimes called the Frith of Cree. William (Fort); a regular fort- viot, and containing about 5000 acres. refs, fituated at the eaftern extremity The furface is irregular, but in geneof Lech Linnhe, where it begins to ral fertile, and well cultivated- Limeturn northward to form Loch Eil. ftone and marl abound, and are of The fort is of a triangular form, with great advantage in improving the aratwo baftions, mounting fifteen im- ble land. The only refidence of note pounders, feveral mortars, and having is that of Lord Napkr, at Wi/tcti It was built Lodge. The village of Wilton lies aa confiderable armory. during the ufurpation of Cromwell, bout half way between Jedburgh and by the advice, and under the direc- Hawick, and is noted for the manution, of General Monk, and occupied facture of Scots carpeting, often from much more ground at that time than this place named Milton carpets. hi accommodating 1792, the population of the parifh it does at prefent, not fewer than 2000 effective troops. was about 905 ; decreafe 31 fince It was then named the " Garrifon of 1755Winbrough ; a hill in R.oxburghInnjerlochy," from the ancient caftle of that name in the neighbourhood ; fhire, in the parifh of Hobkirk ; from In the time of the flimmit of which the E. and W. (vide Inverlochy.) King William, it was rebuilt on a feas are diftindtly feen, though each' imalter fcale with ftone and lime, in- is at the diftance of 40 miles. Wind-head Fell a mountain in ftead of earth; and it received the name of that monarch, while the vil- the parifh of Caftletown, in Roxlage around it received the name of burghfhire, elevated 2000 feet above the fea level. Maryburgh, from his royal confort In the year (vide Maryburgh.) a fmall village in
pclfeffes feyeral
Ijle

and

particularly at

are erected, there are coal, ironftone, limeftone, and fire clay, all eflentially neceffary for the manufacture ; and, perhaps, no work of the kind in Britain has all thefe materials fo near at hand, and in fo great abundance. In

WILTON

WINTON;

s
V/iftoun,

WRA
and
JVeszm&osw?

Haddine+onfhu-e, in the parifh of Pen.caitlaiici, which formerly gave title of pari to the family of Seton, attainted

of

IViJloun.

Here alio is an elegant feat of the Macqueens of BraxjielJ, which was greatly improved and ornamented by in 1715. Wisp; a hill of confiderable eight the late Lord juftice Clerk. In 1793, in the parifh of Cavers, in lie xb irgh- the population was 740; decreafe 363 'the return. fince 1755, at which peri dhire. ,*ows WISTOUN; a parifh in Lanark- to Dr. Webfter was C IWiiftoun 59i shire, united in 1772 to that of RoInhabitants in bertoun. The united parifh extends ( Robertoun 51 r about 5 miles along the W. bank of Total the Clyde, and is nearly equally ex" tenfive in the oppofite direction. The Wt SUA IT H a(/C A.P '<') ag the furface is hilly, the ground rifing from promontory of Suth<J
--

the banks of the Clyde to the ealtern border, where the hill of Tinio forms the boundaiy. The parifh contains g villages, each of which contains afcout 150 inhabitants, viz. Robertoun,

N.

W. comer W.

Scotland.

i4o'
burgh.

of the Manila: Lat. 58 34' N. :v of the meridian of

3

...'

YAR
YARROW;
fhire,

YE L
from coal and lime, which
is

a parifh in Selkirkin

at ieaft

length, and 16 at its greateft breadth. The general appearance of the country is

30 miles. Mary Scott, " the flowe,.of Yarrow,"' fo highly celebrated in long, v/as a native of this parifh : fhe mountainous, the profpecl on all fides, is f-iid to have been a daughter of Mr, being bounded by the towering fum- Scott of Dryhope, and was married to mils ; fome of which are of great Mr, Scott of Harden: from this union height, particularly thofe called Black- fprung a daughter, almcit as much boufe Heights, which are elevated 3270 celebrated, who married the heir of feet above the fea level. The arable Stobs, commonly called " Gibby with his golden garters," the anceftpr cf foil, which lies chiefly in the valleys and the fides of the hiils, is various in the Elliots of Minto and Stobs. In its quality ,?t but in general not well a1793, the population was 1230; indapted for culture indeed, the chief creafe 50 fhice 1755. branch of .hufbandry is the rearing of Yarrow; a celebrated paftoral iheep, of which there are upwards of ftrearn in Selkirkfhire, which rifes from 55,000 in the parifli. This diftrict, St. Mary's loch, in the ganfb.es of Yarlike the other parts of Etterick forejl, row and Etterick ar.d, after a courie is now almoft denuded of wood, ex- of about 16 miles, through the ancept fome fmall clumps of planting on cient diftrict of Etterick forefl:, joins the eftates of the Duke of Buccleugh, its waters to the Ev the and a confiderable extent of natural town of Selkirk. Near Newark-co wood around the once beautiful, but it forms that highly romantic and now ruinous feat of the Murfays of picturefque fcenery, of which notice Phillpbaugh. Between this parifh and is taken under the article Selkirkthat of Etterick are two frhall lakes, shire ; which fee. the loch of the Lows and St. Mary's YELL, or ZELL ; one of the mofr. loch, from which refpectively arife the northerly of the Shetland ifies, is athe rivers Etterick and Tarr&w. The bout 20 miles long, and 12 broad. great difadvantage of the whole of The coaft is bold and rocky, intertins neighbourhood, is the diftance fered by feveral bays or <voes, which

about 18 miles

YET
the chief of ffiefe are called f-Iamna-'voe, Burra-voe, and Mid-YeU-voe. The furface is pretty level, with feveral fmall lakes, which are the fources of a few rivulets. The only arable land is on the coaft ; the interior affording a coarfe pafture for fheep. There are feveral extenfive peat moffes, in which are found large trees, though fcarce a fhrub is how to be feen. It is divided into two parifhes, viz. North Yell, united to the iiland of Fetlar in forming, a parochial diftrict ; and the united paIn riihes of Mid and South Yell. 1793, the ifland of Yell contained increafe 486 fince i 97 z inhabitant?
fafe
;
,

YTH
but the hills are covered with verdure, and are paftured by nearly 5000 fheep, befides 2.500 lambs; There are fome confiderable haughs on the banks of the Bozumont, and about 1 1 70 Englifh acres are under tillage. The foil of the arable land is good, and adapted for wheat hufbandry, though chiefly ufed in raifing barley and turnips. Where this parifh marches with that of Morbattle, there is a lake of about a mile in circumference, which abounds with pike and perch. The town of Yet holm is pleafantly fituated on the Bonvtnont watery which divides it into two villages ; the one on the N. W, fide,
face
is

form

harbours

hilly;

1755a parifh in the county of Eaft-Lothian, about 3 miles long, and 2 broad, without including that portion which makes part of Lammermuir, and extends 2 miles farther to the fouthward. This latter diftrict
;

called To-wn-Yetholm, the property of

Mr. Wauchope of Niddry, containing 490 inhabitants ; and the other on the S. E. fide, called Kirk-Yetbolm, belonging to the Marquis of Tweeddale, and containing 305 inhabitants. This town has been long inhabited In 1797, the is hilly and covered with heath ; but by tinkers and gypfies. the reft of the parilh is level, and population of the parifh of Yetholm moftly arable, with a fertile, but rather was 976 being a confiderable decreafe
;

YESTER

About 200 acres are within the laft 20 years, but an increafe fhallow foil. covered with wood ; as elm, oak, of 277 fince 1755. amongft which are YICH.KENNISH a fmall iflarrd beech, and fir fome of the largeft and molt beauti- of the Hebrides, lying between North
: ;

ful trees in Scotland.

Yejler-houfe, the

TJi/l

and Benbectda.
;

magnificent residence of the Marquis of Tweeddale, and its extenfive policies, greatly beautify this quarter. About a mile from Yejhr-houfe is an old ruin, called Bothotf s-cajlle, formerly the chief feat of the Tweeddale family. The village of Gifford, which gives fecond title of Earl to the Marquis of Tweeddale, is a burgh of barony, containing about 400 inhabitIn 1791, the population was ants'. about 1000; decreafe 91 lince 1755. or a parifh in Roxburghshire, about 4^ miles long, and 2 broad boused on the S. by the Englilh border, and divided into two nearly equal parts by the fmall river Bowmorit. The fur-

Yochin

fries-fhire, tributary

fmall river in Dumto the Nith.

Vide

Yol, Loyal, orLAOG hal (Loch). Laoghal (Loch). Ythan, or Ithan a river in A;
-

YETHOLM,

ZETHOLM;
;

berdeenfhire, which rifes in the hills of the pariih of Forgue ; and, aftei a courfe of 20 or 24 miles, falls into the lea at the fmall village of Neiwburgb, in the parifh of Foveran. It is navigable for 3 miles as far as Ellon ; and veffels of 100 or 150 tons burden can come a mile up. It poffefTes a falmon fifhing of confiderable value;

but

is

chiefly noted for the large pearls^

which its mufcles produce, fome or which have been fold fo high as 3^
fteiiing.

ZES
'EAL, orZELL.
i

ZET
ZETHOLM. ZETLAND,
Vide Yetholm^ Vide Shetlam;,-

ZESTER,

Vide Yell, Vide Ye iter.

APPENDIX,

A
AG A
ABERTARFF
;

ALL

a parifh in Inver- formed by the waters of the Beaulle Bo- river. It is of an oval figure, about a Leskine. Vide Boleskine and mile and an half in circuit, and beau* Abertarff. tifully covered with natural wood. ACHESON'S ; a fmall harOn the S. fide of the ifiand is a large bour and village near Preftonpans, in faw-mill, erected in 1765 by Mr. Chifthe county of Eaft-Lothian. It car- holm of Cbijholm, the proprietor. AILS A. Vide Aisla. ries on a confiderable manufacture of AIR, and AIRSHIRE. Vide Ayr, coarfe ftoneware, and had formerly a and Ayrshire. glafs-vvork it is often named Morria parifh in the fon's Havoi. a fmall ifiand of the mainland of Shetland, united to SandHebrides, lying on the S. fide of Ilav. sting. Vide Sandsting. (LOCH); a fmall ALBANY, or ALBAIN ; the anarm of the fea, on the W. coaft of cient name of the interior of Scotland, which formerly gave title of Duke to Rofs-fhire. AE ; a fmall river in Dumfries- the royal family of Scotland. fhire, which joins its waters to the ALCLUID, or the ; Annan, near the royal borough of ancient name of the caftle of Dumbarton, (fuppofed to be the Balclutba Lochmaben. JEBUDM, and JE. Vide of Oman,) the capital of the kingWestern Isles, and Hebrides. dom of Strath-clyde. F F L A ; a fmall ifland of the ALFRA1G ; a diftrict in Rofs-fhire, Hebrides, at the mouth of Loch\ abounding with fir woods. ALGRISTON-HEAD ; a promonBroom. a fmall river in Ayrfhire, tory on the W. coaft of Rofs-fhire. a tributary ftream of the Nitb. It gives ; a fmall river of Aberits name to a barony or diftrict in the deenfhire, which joins the Tanar, near parifh of New Cumnock, where there the junction of that river with the is a valuable lead mine. Dee. AGAISH, or AIGASH ; a fmall (PORT). Vide Port and beautiful ifland in Invernefs-fhire, Allan.
nefs-fhire, united to that of

HAVEN

ACHNAR;

AITHSTING;

ACHRAKIN

ALCLUYTH

JEMOD

AFTON

ALLACHY

ALLAN

3R

ARN
ALL ART OWN
in
;

AUC
j

a fmall hamlet

ARNOT;
fhire,

a fmall river in

Pe?rr=>

a place in In; the parifii of Laggan, which has been accounted facred ground from the moft remote anti quity ; and' it is reported by tradition, to be the burial-place of 7 Caledonian monarchs. It is fituated on the N. bank of Loxh Laggan. ASKERMR; a fmall ifiand on the S. W. coaft of the ifle of Sky. ; a mountain in Aberdeenfhire, in the parifii of Forgue; on bitants. ; a fmall river in Ayr- the S. Ej declivity of which are the fhire, which falls into the fea near the remains of a circular encampment. a place in town of Irvine, after a courfe of about Aberdeenfliire, in the pariih of Crathy, 12 miles. a royal borough, near Caftletown of Braemarr, noted ; and parifh in Forfar fh ire. VideABER- for a great annual fair, on the 3d B R IT H O f K Monday and Tuefday of September, I E ; a fmall village in O. S~ a village in Lan; Perthihire, in the parifh e>f Forgandenny, fituated amsngft the Ochil arkfiiire, in the parifh of Cadder. ; a fmall village "Near it is a very entire rectanhills. gular encampment, the erection of in the parifii of Coldingham, Berwickwhich is generally attributed to the fhire. Romans. ; a village in Lana fmall ifiand of arkfiiire, in the parifii. of Cadder,- aArgyllfhire, in the found of Mull. bout 4 miles from Auchenairn. a river in Perthfhire, in a village in ; the parifii of Kirkmichael, formed by Kircudbright ftewartry, in the pariih the junction of the Arnot and Briar- of Buittle. achan ; and, after watering the valley ; a village in the of Strathardle, unites with the Shee or county of Mid-Lothian, about f\ miles S. from. Edinburgh, where there Black water, in forming the ErichU is an extenfive paper manufactory. ; a rivulet in Perthfhire, which rifes from J.ocb Maghaig, in the ; a hill in Dumparifii of Kilmadock, and runs into fries-fhire, in the parifh of Crofebunr, elevated 1500 feet above the fea level. the Teath, at the caftle of Doune. (LOCH); a lake ARISAIG; a promontory on the weftern coaft of Invernefs-fiiire, in in Aberdeenfliire, in the pariih of Lumphanan, about a mile long, and the diftricf of Glenelg. nearly half a mile broad. It abounds ; a village in Sutherlandfhire, feated on a bay of the fame with various kinds of fiih, and is frename, which is an excellent fifhing quented by numerous flocks of aquaPikes have been caught ire tic fowls. ftation. (LOCH) ; a fafe har- it meafuring 6 feet in length, an bour on the W. coaft of the ifle of weighing 35 lb,

Berwickfhire, in the parifii of Edrom, at the junction of the rivers Whittadder and Blackadder. a place in Invernefsfhire, on the N- fide of Loch' Nefs, where there, is a lafe harbour, audgood anchorage. ALSVIG; an ifiand on the N. W. coaft of the ifle of Sky, about % miles in circumference, and very fertile. ALTIVAIG ; a fmall ifiand on the coaft of the ifle of Sky, with a good harbour. a or fmall village in Perthfhire ; being a itage on the military road from Stirling by Crief to Invernefs-, about 66 miles from Edinburgh. It has a great fair on the firft Wednefday of May. a populous village in the neighbourhood of Glafgow, and one of the fuburbs of that city, containing, in 1791, 3895 inha-

ALSTAY;

which runs through the valley of Glenfernat) in the parifii of Moulin and, uniting with the Briarachau, forms the Ardle. ARNTILLY, or ARNTULLY a
;

village in Perthfhire, in the parifh of

Kinclaven, conlifting of 60 or 70 houfes fcattered in every direction, and exhibiting a ftriking piclure of the ancient villages, of the kingdom^ In 1796, it contained nearly 300 inhabitants.

AMaLRIE,

AMULRIE;

ARST-MERIGIE

vernefs-fiiire, in

ANDERSTONj

AUCHABER

ANNOCK

AUCHANSKAICH;

ARBROATH
'

A RD A R G

AUCHENAIRN

AUCHENCRAW
AUCHENLOCH

ARDIESCAR;

ARDLE

AUCHENREOCH;

AUCHINDINNY

ARDOCH

AUCHLNLECK

AUCHLOSSAM

ARMDALE

ARNIFORD

Skv.

AUL
AUCHMACHER;
AUCHMITHY;
hill in

ATJL
Aoerty.

way it runs a through a vaft chafm, called the Craigideenfhire, in the parifh of Deer. a fifhing village gratide, or Ugly rock, of which the rev.
For
a confiderable

about 3! miles N. E. of Arbroath. It is fituiited on a high rocky bank, riling about 120 feet above the fea ; is irregularly built, but contains feveral good houfes, upon feus granted by the Earl of Northefk. The harbour is only a level beach, in an opening between the high rooks which furround this part of the coaft ; and, after every voyage, the boats are obliged to bi" drawn up from the fea, to prevent their being deftroyed by the violence of the waves. The inhabitants, which are about 200 in number, are ?J1 fifhers, and have 8 or 9 large
on the coaft of Angus-fhire,

Dr. Harry Robertfor, in the

ftatiftical

report of Kiltearn, gives the following " This is a deep chafm description. or abyfs, formed by two oppofite precipices, that rife perpendicularly to a great height, through which the Aultgran-de runs for the fpace of two miles. It begins at the di^ance of four miies from the fea, by a bold projection into the channel of the river, which diminiflies in

The

breadth by at leaft one half. river continues to run with ra-

boats. Near the village is the Gaylet Pot, a remarkable cavern, into which the fea flows. Vide St. Vigeans parifh, in which it is fituated.

AUCHNACRAIG;

a village in

Argylllhire, in the ifland of Mull ; at which there is a poft-ofnee, and a regular ferry to Oban on the Mainland, by the ifland of Kerrera. the ancient name ; of the parifh of Deer. Vide

pidity for about three quarters of a mile, when it is confined by a fudden jutting out of the rock. Here, the fide view from the fummit is very ftriking. The courfe of the ftream being thus impeded, it whirls and foams, and beats with violence againft the oppofite rock, till, collecting ftrength, it fhoots up perpendicularly with great fury, and, forcing its way, darts with the fwiftnefs of an arrow through the winding paflage on the other fide. After paffing this obftruction,
it

becomes in many places inviowing partly to the increafing Defr (New). depth and narrownefs of the chafm, AUCiiRONIE a hill in Aberdeen- and partly to the view being interfliire, in the parifh of Kinnellar, on cepted by the numerous branciK of the top of which is a high cavern. trees, which grow out on each ,i" of

AUCHREDDY

New

fible,

a fmall rivulet in the parifh of Montquhitter, in Aberdeenfhire, which runs by the village of Cv.minejhiin, and falls into the Tthan. a rivulet in Lanark; shire, which runs through the parifh of Cambufnethan into the Clyde. a place in Rofsfhire, in the parifh of Kintail, where there was formerly a confiderable and
;

AUCHRY

AUCHTER

AUCHUIRN;
;

the precipice. About a quarter of a mile farther down, the country people have thrown a flight bridge- compofed of trunks of trees covered with turf, over the rock, where the chafm is about 16 feet wide, Here, che obferver, if he has intrepidity ^ncugr to venture himfelf on fuch a touuing fupport, and can look down on che gulf below, without any uneafy fen-

populous town
deftroyed in

but was completely

1745, by a mountain torrent, (called in Gaelic Seriddan.) AULD-DAVIE ; a rivulet in Aberdeenfhire, tributary to the Tthan. Near the confluence of the two ftreams are fome relics of Roman antiquities, fuppofed by many to point out the Statio ad Itbunam of Tacitus. a village in Ayr; fhire, in the parifh of Loudon. ; a river in Rofsfhire, in the parifh of Kiltearn, which rifes from Loch Glafs, about 6 miles from the fea ; and, after a winding courfe, falls into the Frith of Cromar-

AULD

TOWN

AULTGRANDE

be gratified with a view equally awful and aftonifhing. The wildnefs of the fteep and rugged rocks ; the gloomy horror of the cliffs and caverns, ' inacceflible by mortals trod,' and where the genial rays of the fun never yet penttrated ; the waterfalls, which are heard pouring down in different places of the precipice, with founds various in proportion to their diftances ; the hoarfe and hollow murmuring of the river, which runs at the depth of near 130 feet below the furface of the earth ; the fine groves of pines, which majeItically climb the fides of a beautiful
fations, will
. ;

R*

AVO
eminence, that rifes immediately from the brink of the chafin ; all thefe objects cannot
tains
till

B A L
it

enters the parilh of Port

of Monteith.

be contemplated without exciting emotions of wonder and ad-

AW(LOCH). See alfoOw (Loch).

miration in the mind of every beThe appearance of this linholder. gular and pic"turefque fcene, will naturally bring to the recollection of the
claffical fpedtator, thofe beautiful lines

B
BADEAUT
BALAGICH
(LOCH)
;

an arm of

of Virgil, in which he defcribes the go through which his Aledto fhoots herfelf into the infernal regions :
denfis biinc frondibus tiirum
L'n.
t

the fea, on the of Sutherlandlhire.

W.

N.

W.

coaft

BAINSFORD.
;

Vide Briansford.

uirimque

lati'.s

nemoris, medioque

Dai

t'onitum /axis? et torto mortice tor-

rent.

Hicfpecus horrendwn,
at its

et fifvi

fpiracula

Mo ijftranturf

raptoque ingens. Acheronte

:

njorago
Pejliferas aperit fauces

JEneidos
Clitics (fays

vii. 1.

565.

Dr. Robertfon), may labour to convey the force and meaning of the author's words ; and tramay, by their ingenious descriptions, give us a ftill more lively idea of their beauty and propriety hut he who would fee a living commentary on this noble paffage, mult vifit the rock of Aidtgrande" Siatiflical Account, Fol.i.p. 294. a confiderable rivulet in Banfflhire in the parifhes of
vellers

a mountain in Renfrewfhire, in the parifh of Eaglelham, 1000 feet above the lea level it contains confiderable quantities of fulphate of barytes, and is faid to contain ores of filver and lead. was anciently the name of the mountain on which the caftle of Stirling is built. BALASS; a fmall village in the neighbourhood of Cupar in Fife. BALBJRNIE ; a village in the pa, nfh of Markinch, in Fifefhire, containing 250 fouls. It is celebrated for
:

BALAGICH

its

BALBROGIE

extenfive coaleries. a village near ;

Cu-

par of Angus, containing 35 families, or 1 60 inhabitants. a fertile diftricl, ;

BALCARRAS

and elegant feat in Fifefhire, in Kilconquhar parilh ; from whence the family of Lindfay have the title of
Earl.

AULTMORE;
IJIa.
;

Keith and Grange, which

the
ty

falls

into

a fea port on the the parilh of Rei'rick, in the ftewartry of Kirkcud-

BALCARRY;
Frith,
in

Solway

AULTRAN
fiiire,

a rivulet in Cromar-

bright.

near which a bloody battle fought between the Scots and Danes. AViCH a river which runs from the -bove lake into Loch O^w. C A V I C H (L Q C H), or L
;

an ancient village near Largo bay ; where, according to tradition, the firft Christian church in Scotland was founded.
in Fifefhire,

BALCHRISTIE;

BALEDGARNO, orBALERNO

O H

LUIN A
brated
in

a lake in Argyllfhire, cele; Fingalian tales.. Vide Luina

a

(Loch).

AVi^-M.RE,

fmall village in

iri.'.rn-fbflure, or, the great rlighland

rpad ; being a ftage between Pftmajn and pataiagauue, i:.;, miles from :i ]a from Invernefs. ibiirgh,
.

a village in the county of Mid-Lothian, in the parilh of Currie, lituated on the water of Leith. It has an excellent freeftone quarry, from whence many of the houfes of the New town of Edinburgh have been built. (LOCH) ; a fmall lake in Angus-ihire, formed by the waters of the Lunar., in their palfage

BALGAVIES

A V ON, or AVGN/i
r
:

';
'

VONDOW

A through the parilh of Aberlemno. It formel name of the ifland of has lately been drained, and affords on the coailof ki.ityre. Vide immenfe quantities of excellent marl. BALGAY; a hill in the neighbourthe name .of the ri- hood of Dundee, from whence arifes ; orth, near its fource, which it re- a rivulet of the fame name. BALGOLLO; a hill in the parifh
,

PORTUOS

BAR
of Monifieth,
in Angus-fhire,
tifications.

BEI
a village in Fifethe parifh of Kilconquhar, containing about 200 inhabitants. a parifh in Haddington; fhire, united to that of Garvald.
fhire,

about villages near Dunbar, in HaddingtonThe latter has a confiderable half a mile from the river Tay, on fhire. which are the remains of ancient for- rope-work, and a cotton manufactory.

BARNYARDS;
in

BALGONIE

a village in Fifefhire,

in the parifh of Markinch, containing BARO about 250 inhabitants. Near it is Balganie-cajlle, one of the feats of the Earl of Leven, from which he takes his fe- Vide Garvald and Baro. BARONY Parifh of Glasgow. cond title of Baron. BALLEDGARNO ; a thriving vil- Vide Glasgow. BARR ; a village in Argyllfhire, in lage in the Carfe of Gowrie, in the miles N. from parifli of Inchture ; the property of Kintyre, about 13 Campbelltown. Lord Kinnaird. BALLYCHELISH a village in the BARRY; a hill in Perthfhire, in the parifh of Ap'pin, in Argyllfhire, where parifh of Alyth, 688 feet above the there is an excellent flate quarry, and fea level. BARSICK-HEAD ; a promontory a ferry over Loch Leven, into the counon the S. coaft of the ifland of South ty of Invernefs. BAY; a fmall, Ronaldfhay, in Orkney. BARVAS ; a parifh in Rofs-fhire, but fafe harbour, on the coaft of Kirkin the ifland and diftrict of Lewis, acudbright. BALTA; a fmall ifland of Shetland, bout 36 miles long, and on an average 13 broad ; occupying the northnear the ifland of Unft.
;

BALMANGAN

a river in Perthfhire, in ; of Balquhidder, which connects Loch Doine^ Loch Rail', and Loch Luinaig ; and forms one of the moft confiderable branches of the Tenth. BALVAIRD; a place in Perthfhire, in the parifh of Abernethy, where there is one of thofe monuments of druidical fuperftition, called' rockingJioms, which has now loft its motion, being choked with earth and gravel. Near it is Bal-varrd-caJIle, the property of the Earl of Mansfield. a diftrict of Eanff-

BALVAG
parifli

the

BALVENIE

Vide Banffshire, ; a mountain in. the parifh of Kirkconnel, in Dumfriesshire, where there are ftrong indicafhire.

BANKHEAD

tions of lead ore. BAR. ;* a hill in Renfrew fhire, in the parifh of Kilbarchan, on the top of which are the remains of an ancient

extremity of the ifland. The is pretty level ; but the foil is moftiy thin and muiry, and ill cultivated. The extent of fea coaft is about 45 miles ; is bold and rugged, and does not afford a fingle harbourwhere veffels may fafely anchor, and but a few creeks where boats can enter, and that only in the calmeft weather. The live ftock of the parifh 5 in 1797, was as follows horfes 1050, black cattle 2670, and fheep- 3392. There. are the remains of many old Romifh chapels, and ancient duns and In 1790, the druidical monuments. population was 2006; increafe 11 fince 1755. (St.) ABBAY. Vide Abbay St. Bathans-.
ern

ground

BATHANS

BATTACK,
TACK.

Vide
or

Mont-Bat;

BEIN, BEN,

BINN

a Gaelic
;

This hill is alfo re- word, fignifying a mountain and markable for the arrangement of the forming a part of the names of many Gratification of its parts, which is con- mountains in the Highlands of ScotVide Bf.n and Binn. fiderably different from the prevailing land. BEIN-ACHAOLAIS one of the theories. Vide Kilbarchan. a village in the mountains of the ifland of jura, named parifh of Erfkine, in Renfrewfliire ; the Paps. Vide jura. famous for being the firft place in BEIN-AN-INI a mountain in ArScotland where fine thread was ma- gyllfhire, in the ifland- of- Mull-, in nufactured. which there is a feara of coal that has BARHEAD ; a village in Renfrew- been attempted to be wrought, but mire, near Paifley, containing 439 in- aftevwards given up. habitants, and carrying on extenfive BEEN-AN-OIR; one of the Pap* manufactures. oijura. Vide Jura. BARNS (EAST and WEST) ; two
;

encampment.

BAR GAR RAN

BE1N?
BEIN-ARDLANICH
level.
;

BER
a mountain the borders of Invernefs and Perlhfhires, on which was a romantic building called the Cage, where the unfortunate Charles Stuart lay concealed feveral weeks, till the arrival of the

in Pcrthfhire, in the diftricT: of Rannoch, elevated 3500 feet above the fea

BEIN-BHARFHION ; a mountain nearly in the middle of the ifle of Ar- French frigates, which conveyed him ran. from this country. BEIN-CHROMDAL; a lofty mouna mountain in Kirk* ; tain in BanfFfhire, in the parifh of cudbrightfhire, in the parifh of RerCromdale. rick, elevated 1200 feet above the fea BEIN-DIANABHAIG; a moun- level. tain in the ifle of Sky, neaf the hara mountain in Su; bour of Portree. therlandfhire, on the borders of Loch BEIN-DONICH; a mountain in Laoghal, upwards of a mile of elevaArgyllfhire, in the parifh of Loch- tion above the fea level. goil-head. BENIVAS; a mountain in RofsBEIN-DORAN ; a very high moun- fhire, in the parifh of Fodderty, fuptain in Argyllfhire, in the parifh of pofed to be nearly 4000 feet above Glenorchay. the level of the fea. BEIN-EIDEN ; a mountain in Ara mountain in gyllfhire, in the parifh of Morven. Banfffhire, on the banks of the Fiddich. BEIN-GHIELLIEN, or BEINa mountain in GHULBHUIN; a mountain in Perth- the county of Sutherland, near the fhire, at the head of Glenjhee, in Kirk- Loch Laoghal. michael parifh ; mentioned in Celtic BENLAOI ; a mountain in Argylltales as the fcene of a hunting-match, fhire. which proved fatal to Diarmid, one BENNACHIE, or of Fingal's heroes. a mountain in Aberdeenfhire, in the BEIN-LUBHAIN ; a mountain in diftrict of Garioch, about 3000 feet, Argyllfhire, near Benlomond. above the fea level. BEIN-MOR-ASSYNT ; a mourtBENREISIPOLL ; a mountain iiv tain in Sutherlandfhire, which abounds Argyllfhire, in the parifh of Ardnawith marble of various colours. murchan, 2661 feet high. BEIN-THIOLAIRE ; a mountain BENTALUIDH; a mountain in in Argyllfhire, in the parifh of Loch- the ifle of Mull ; often named, from goil-head. its conical fhape, the Sugar Loaf. BEIN-UARICH; a mountain in ; a mountain of Sutherlandfhire, in the parifh of Kil- great elevation in Perthfhire, in the parifh of Weem. donan. BEIN-VEIR ; a mountain in ArBENVIE ; a parifh in Forfarfhire, gyllfhire, in the parifh of Appin. united to Liff, (vide Liff) ; alfo a BEIN-UNA; a mountain in Ar- village in that parifh. gyllfhire, in Loch-goil-head parifh. a fmall fortrefs, or a village in Had- rather barracks, in Invernefs-fhire, in ; dingtonfhire, near the harbour of the parifh of Glenelg, fituated on the Dunbar, and within the royalty of inner found of Sky, at the termination of the road from Fort Auguftu8 to that town. BELL'S MILLS ; a village near E- the ifle of Sky. It was formerly a dinburgh, with feveral mills on the confiderable military ftation, but is Water of Leith, where the road to now occupied by a ferjeant's guard, to reprefs fmuggling. It lies 178 miles Queensferry croffes that river. one of the Sidlaw N. W. of Edinburgh. (GREAT); an ifland hills, in the parifh of Meigle, 759 feet on the N. fide of Lewis, in Loch Roag, above the fea level. a mountain in about 12 miles long, and 4 broad. f (LITTLE); another Perthfhire, in the parifh of Clunie, about 5 miles N. by E. of Birnam, ele- ifland near Lewis, in Loch Roag, 4 vated 1800 feet above the fea level. miles long, and 1 broad. 3ERRINDALE j a river in CaithAt its foot, on the N. fide, is JSenacbaily, about a mile in diameter. nefs. BENALDER; a large mountain on

BENCAIRN

BENHOPE

BENLAGEEN;

BENLAOGHAL;

BENNOCHIE

BENTESKERNY

BERNERA;

BELHAVEN

BELMONT;

BERNERA

BENACHALLY;

BERNERA

BOR
BHROTACHAN
;

BRE
BORROWSTOWN;
BORTHWICK

a village off BERUBIUM ; the name given by Iftolomy and ancient geographers, to the coaft of Sutherland, in the parifh of Reay. Dun%ijbay-bead. (LOCH); a a fmall river in ; fmall lake in Aberdeenfhire, in the Tweedale, which runs into the T-xveed. BOSWELL'S (St.) ; a parifh in parifh of Crathy. BIELD a fmall village in Peebles- Roxburghfhire, generally named Lesfhire, on the road from Edinburgh to suden. Vide Lessuben. BOSWELL'S (St.) GREEN; a Dumfries ; 15 miles from Peebles, and 16 from Moffat. It has a poft- place in the above parifh, where one of the largeft fairs of Scotland is held, office, and a good ftage inn. BIGGAY ; one of the fmall ifles on the 1 8th July. of Shetland, lying between Yell and ; a fmall river in Roxburghfhire, which rifes on the Engliih Mainland. BIN of CULLEN ; a remarkable border; and, running through the parifh of Yetholm, falls into the Kail, hill in Banffihire, about 1 mile S. W. from the town of Cullen, and 2 miles near the village of Morbattk. from Ae fea, above the level of which ; a thriving village in the ifland of May, in the parifh of its fummit is elevated 1050 feet. From It was begun in 1768, on its conical fhape, it forms a confpicu- Killarrow. a regular plan, with an elegant church, ous land mark at fea. 3INBHRAGIE ; a hill in Suther- and a good harbour. In 1793, it conlandmirej in the parifh of Golfpy, a- tained no houfes, and 500 inhabitants. bout three quarters of a mile high. a diftrid: and fmall rive? BIRSAY a parifh on the Main; land of Orkney, united to Harray. of BanfFfhire. BRACADALE ; a parifh of InverVide Harray. BLACKSIDE-END ; a hill in Ayr- nefs-fhire, on the W. fide of the ifle shire, in the parifh of Sorn ; elevation of Sky, of an irregular figure 25 miles long, and from 7 to broad. The 1560 feet. a village in fhore, for the moft part, is bold and Perthfhire, in the parifh of Foffaway rocky, and interfered by feveral bays and Tulliebole. It is a burgh of ba- and harbours ; of which the chief are rony, holding of the Duke of Athol, Loch Bracadak, Locb Harport, Loch Eynort, and Locb Britil. The iflands and has a fair in June. a village on the fea are Haver/ay, Vuiay, orty,and Oranfay; in- which laft is a peninfula at low water. coaft of Buchan, near Peterhead habited chiefly by fiihers, who poffefs The furface of the parifh is hilly, with fome level fields near the fea : it in ^ or 6 boats. a promontory general affords good grazing for black ; near that village, often named Buchan- cattle, and fome parts of it are well adapted for fheep. In 1790, the ponefs. (anc. geography); pulation was 2250 increafe 343 fince the Frith of Forth. 1755, notwithftanding numerous emiBOLITTIR ; a celebrated pafs in grations. (LOCH); a fmall lake the Highlands of Braemarr, whofe tremendous rocks threaten the tra- in Ayrfhire, with an ifland and ancient veller with deftrudtion. BRAINSFORD [vulgo BAINS; a village in the county of Mid-Lothian, in the parifh FORD) ; a village in Stirlingfhire, upon the great canal near Falkirk, of Ratho. containing 758 inhabitants in 1796. ; a village in Fifefhire, (GULF of). Vide in the parifh of Dyfart, containing aCORYVRECKAN. foout 200 inhabitants in 1793. BREADALBANE. Vide BraidBORERAY ; a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, about a mile in circuit, lying ALBIN.

BOWMONT

BOWMORE

BOYNE

BLAIRINGONE;

BODDOM;

BODDOM-HEAD

BODOTRIA

BRADEN

BONNINGTON
BORLAND

BREACAN

% miles

N. from

St. Kilda.
;

BRESSAY, BURRA, & QUARFF;

an united parifh in Shetland, comprehending a part of the Mainland, and the iflands Bf.es? ay, Bvrra, House,

a fmall lake in the county of Sutherland, and parifh of Durnefe.

BORLEY (LOCH)

BRIt
IT a v ira,

C
Romans.

At

and Noss ;

kr

or holms. pulation was 1225 ; increafe

iflets

with other fmalIn 1792, the po1-27 fince

.

this hill, the great military roads go off in every direction, through the fouthern parts of

From

the kingdom. , Pertha fmall village of shire, which rifes in the parifh of Mou- Perthshire, in the parifh of Kilmadock, lin ; and, running through Glenbriar- containing 174 inhabitants in 1796. BUCHLYVIE; a confiderable vilachat:, forms the Ardle, by its junction lage in Stirlingfhire, in the parifh of with the Arnot. BRIDGE-END ; a large village in Kippen, about 5 miles W. from the the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, on the village of Kippen. In 1796, it conliver Nith, in the parifh of Troquire ; tained 102 families, or 460 inhabitfo named from its local tituation, at ants. It is a burgh, of barony, entitled the W. end of the bridge of Dumfries. to hold 5 fairs in the year. BUCK ; a mountain in AberdeenIn 1792, the number of inhabitants fhire, 2377 feet above the fea level. was 1302. an infulated rock on the BRIDGE-END ; a village in Perthshire, feated on the Toy, at the E. end coaft of Fife, about 2 miles E. from of the bridge of Perth. It was lately St. Andrews. BUIAY (Greater and Lejfer) ; two erected into a burgh of barony, by the name of the burgh of Kinnoul. Vide fmall iilands, about 2 miles S. of Sky. BULLERS of a fmall ; Kinnoul. a fmall village fifhing village in Aberdeenfhire, in the parifh of Cruden ; fituated on the fea ia Fifefhire, near Kinghorn. coaft, near the ftupendous rocks, cal; a village in the barony parifh of Glafgow, and a fu- led by the fame name ; of which a burb of that city_, containing, in 1792, defcription is given by Dr. Johnfon along with the village of Calton, 6695 in his Tour through Scotland. a village in Argyllinhabitants. fhire, at the junction of the river Azue ; a mountain in Peebles-mire, about 2800 feet above the with Loch Et'i-ve ; 13 miles from Dalmally, and 16 from Oban. Here the level of the fea. a fmall fifhing vil- Lorn Furnace Company have erected ; lage, in Buchan, a little W. from the their manufactories. town of Frazerburgh, containing 160 BURGH-HEAD. VideBROUGHE ad. BURGH-HEAD, or inhabitants. a promontory of Wigton; ISLE 5 a fmall ifland of Shetland, on the S. coaft of Yell, fhire, in the parifh of Whithern, fuppofed by many to be the moft fouthinhabited by 2 families. (LOCH) ; a fmall lake ern land of Scotland; in i 18' W. in Renfrewfhire, about 3 miles in cir- longitude from Edinburgh, and 54 44' 20'' N. latitude ; being a few feconds cuit. a fifhing village in farther S. than the point of the Mull Caithnefs, near Dunnet-head, where of Galloway.

*755-

BRIARACHAN

a river

in

BUCHANY;

BUDDO

BUCHAN

BRIDGETOWN;

BRIDGETOWN

BUN A WE;

BROADLAW
BROADSEA

BURROW-

BROTHER

HEAD

BROTHER

BROUGH;
is

a fafe harbour ; thought by to be one of the bed: fifhing Rations on the coaft of Caithnefs. Linlith; a village in gowfhire, in the parifh of Uphall, feated on a rivulet of the fame name. It

there

Mr. Knox

BROXBURN
fair in

or a fandy promontory in Forfarfhire, at the N. fide of the mouth of the river Taj.

BUTTON-NESS,
;

BARRY

SANDS

has a

Auguft.

a rivulet of Haddington (hire, which rifes in the parifh of Spott, and falls into the fea rear the Pentland Dunbar, at Broxmouth, a feat of the bove the fea level. Duke of Roxburgh.

BROXBURN;

CAERKETAN
CAIRN
;

CRAIG;
hills,

one of
feet a-

1450

BRUNSWARK
fries- fliirc,

hill

in

Dum;
i

a village in Wigtonfhire,

famous for 2 rectangular in the parifh of Kirkcolm ; on the the coaft of Loch Ryan, with a good harencampments, flill very entire formation of which is aicribed to the bour, and a fafe bay, where veffels of
|

CAL
any burden may anchor in the greateft
fafety.

AN
irt

TOWN

two

villages

the neigh-

bourhood of Glafgow, containing 608

a river which has
its

between 3000 and 4000 feet above the CAMPBELLTOWN ; a fmall villevel of the Cree ;" but the rev. Mr. lage in Invernefs-fhire, which has been Maitland, in the ftatiftical account of lately built, in the neighbourhood of Minnigaff, fays, " Cairnfmuir is 1737 Fort George. feet above the level of the fea ; and CANNON-MILLS a village near there are one or two neighbouring Edinburgh, on the water of Leith, mountains, which are 20 or 30 feet where there are extenfive flour mills higher." and diftilleries. CALDER (EAST) aparifhin MidCANNOR (LOCH) a fmall lake
; ; ;

CALNAR; a rivulet in Lanarkand, running S. E., forms the^bound- shire, tributary to the Amen: a village in the barony ; ary between that (hire and the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright. It falls into of Glafgow, containing, with Bridgethe Nith, about 4 miles above Dum- ton, 6695 inhabitants in 1793. CALTON; a fuburb of Edinburgh, fries. CAIRNCHUICHNAIG ; a moun- fituated upon the Calton-hill ; (vide It contained 1497 intain in Rofs-fnire, in Kincardine pa- Edinburgh.) rifh, upon which are found topazes habitants in 1792. a fmall ifland on the fimilar to thofe of the Cairngorm. coaft of the ifle of Mull, near the vil; a village of Argyllfliire, in the parifh of Loch-goil-head. lage of Tobermorey. It is a ftage on the military road, 94 ; an ancient miles from Edinburgh, and 9 from In- abbey in Clackmannanfhire, near Stirling, fituated on one of the peninfulse verary. CAIRNGELLIE; a mountain in formed by the Forth. It was founded by King David I. in 1147, and was one Perthfhire, 8 miles N. of Crieff. CAIRNHARRAH ; a mountain in of the richeft abbeys in the kingdom. CAMBUSMICHAEL ; a parilh in the ftewartry of Kirkcudbright, and parifh of Anwoth, elevated 1 100 feet Perthfhire, united to St. Martins j which fee. above the fea level. a village in StirlingCAIRNIEMOUNT, or CAIRN; one of the Grampian fhire, on the line of the great canal, mountains, in Kincardine/hire, near near Falkirk, containing 568 inhabitthe river Dee. Over this mountain ants in 1796. Near it is the lite of there is an excellent road ; opening a Old Camelo?i, which appears to have communication between the S. and N. been formerly a place of confequence. Not long ago, foundations of houfes, parts of the country. one of the and the direction of the ftreets, were 5 Grampians, in Aberdeenfhire, 1030 diftinctly to be traced. Much has been faid about its former importance, and feet high. CAIRNNAPLE; a mountain in the riches which were found there, Linlithgowihire, elevated 1498^ feet when it was taken by the Romans ; but there are no authentic documents above the fea level. a mountain in by which it can be with certainty deKirkcudbrightfhire, fuppofed to be termined, whether it was a town of the higheft in the S. of Scotland. Its the ancient Scottiih inhabitants, or elevation has never been exactly as- only a Roman Station. CAMLACHIE ; a village in the certained, and various accounts are given of its height. Alexr. M'Lean, barony parifh of Glafgow, about % Efq. in the ftatiitical account of Kirk miles from that city, containing 977 mabreck, fays, " It may probably be inhabitants in 1793.
in the higher parts of Dumfries-fhire;

CAIRN;

fource

inhabitants in 1793.

CALTON

CALVE;

CAIRNDOW

CAMBUSKENNETH

CAMELON

O'MOUNT;

CAIRNMONEARN

CAIRNSMUIR;

Lothian, united to Kirknewton; in Aberdeenfhire, in the parilh of erroneoufly ftated under the article Glenmuick, about 3 miles in circumCalder, to be joined to Mid-Calder. ference, and containing Several fmall CALFA ; a fmall ifland of the He- iflands; on the largeft of which, about brides, near Tir-y. an acre in extent, there formerly ftood and a fmall fortrefs, built by, and occa-

CALLENDAR

DENMS-

3S

G
fionally

AV

OE

occupied as a hunting-feat by

King Malcolm Canmore.

a fuburb of Edinburgh, occupying the eaftern diftrid: CAWDOR. Vide Caldrr. of that city, and comprehending the CELLARDYKES ; a decayed vilchapel and palace of Holyrood-boufe, and the adjacent parks. It is a burgh lage in Fifefhire, on the coaft o f the df barony, under the fuperiority of Frith of Forth, between the royal boEdinburgh, and is governed by a ba- roughs of Kilrenny and Crail. In ron-bailie, and 2 refident bailies, ap- former times it was a place of conpointed by the town council of that iiderable fize, and much employed in

CANONGATE;

a fmall village in Teviotdale, about 6 miles from Kelfo? near which is an extenhve muir, on which the Kelfo races are held.

CAVERTOWN;

than 50 large fifhing boats, that required 6 men each, belonging to the town of Cellardykes ; and, at that time, he remembers no lefs than 24 finall brewers, which are now reduced habitants in this diftrict. CANSEA ; a fmall fifhing village, to two or three, owing to the decay on the coaft of the Moray Frith, in of the fifheries. CIMBRAES. Vide Cambray. the parifh of Dairny. CLAYHOLE ; a village in WigtonCAOLISPORT (LOCH) ; an arm of the fea, on the W. coaft of Knap- fhire, in the parifh of Lefwalt ; but, lying fo near the town of Stranraer, as dale. one of the Pentland to be confidered as a fuburb, or rather a part of that town. hills* 1550 feet above the fea level. It contained, in CARLIN SKERRY; an infulated 1 791, about 500 inhabitants. CLEMENT'S WELLS ; a village rock of Orkney, about a- miles S. of Pomona ifland; well known to feamen in Haddingtonfhire, in the parifh of Tranent, where there is an extenfive by the name of the Barrel of Butter. CARNIBURGH ( Greater & Lejkr); diftillery., CLERKINGTON; a fmall village two of the Treifhnifh ifles, lying W. from the ifle of Mull. in Haddingtonfhire. CARTSDTKE, or CRAWFURDSCLIFTON ; a village in Braidalbin, DIKE ; a village in Renfrewfhire, ad- near Tyndrum, where is a lead mine. joining to the town of Greenock CLOVA. Vide Cortachy. from which, however, it has a diftinct CLUNAIDH ; a fmall river in Amagiftracy and civil government ; berdeenfhire, which run3 into the Dee? having been erected into a free burgh in the parifh of Crathy. of barony in 1633, by a charter from CLYTHENESS ; a promontory of King Charles II. It has a good har- Caithnefs, 5 8 16' N. latitude, and bour and quay, well frequented by the o 13' E- longitude from the meridian Glafgow (hipping. Vide Greenock. of Edinburgh. of BRiEMAR a village ; a fmall village in Aberdeenfhire, in in Clackmannanfhire, in the parifh of the diftrict from which it takes its Tillycoultry, containing upwards of name. It is feated on the river Dee} 200 inhabitants in 1793. and the great road to Fort George, and by the Splttal of Glenjhee ; from which two adjacent villages in laft place it is 15 miles diftant. Fifefhire, in the parifh of Wemyfs, CAVA ; a fmall ifland of Orkney, containing 393 inhabitants in 1793. 2 miles S. from Pomona, and belongCOCKENZIE ; a village in Hading to the parifh of Orphir. It is about dingtonfhire,'in the parifh of Tranent, a mile long, and a quarter of a mile near the harbour of Portfeton, conbroad; and, in 1796, was inhabited taining, with that village, 430 inhaby 3 families, or 19 fouls. There is a bitants in 1792. ruinous chapel on the ifland, and CQE, or CONA; a celebrated river round it a church-yard,
,

While Edinburgh was the feat of royalty, the Canongate was the place of refidence of moll of the noble families who attended the court and there are feveral old houfes which retain the names of the noble owners but it is now chiefly inhabited by trades people, and thofe of the lower order. In 1793, there were 6200 incity.
;

the profecution of the fifheries. The rev. Mr. Beat, in his account of the parifh of Kilrenny {Statijiical Account,
vol.
i.

p. 410), fays, that he can relefs

member when he numbered no

CAPELAW

CASTLETOWN

COALSNAUGHTON

WEST);

COALTOWNS

(EAST

CR A
in

'

CUM
CRAIG-DAVID.
BROW.
in

Argyllfhire, which runs through the vale of Glencoe ; a diftrict famous

Vide Bervie-

as the birth-place of the Gaelic bard, and infamous for the maffacre perpetrated there. Vide Glencoe.

COICH;
fhire,

a fmall river in Aberdeenwhich runs into the Dee, in the

parifh of Crathy. COILTIE ; a rivulet of Invernefsfhire, in the parifh of Urquhart, which falls into Loch Nefs.

a fmall ifland ; the found of Jura, 4 miles from Jura. a promontory on the E- coaft of Sutherlandfhire, in the parifh of Loth, 8 miles S. W. from the Onl of Caitbnefsy and 18 miles N. N. E. of Dornoch. or

CRAIG-ENDIVE

CRAIG-OAG-POINT;

CRAIG-GRANDE,
Vide

UGLY

a fmall river in Argyllshire, which runs into the fea, at the head of Loch Linnbe.

COINICH;

ROCK.

Aultgrande.

COLDSTONE.
COLDSTONE.

Vide

Logie-

CRAIG-LOGAN; a promontory of Wigtonfhire, on the N. W. extremity of Loch Ryan, 10 miles N. N.W. of Stranraer.
CRAIG-MILLAR. Vide Liber ton. CRAIG-ROSSIE; one of the Ochil
hills, in

a village in Fifethe parifh of Kilconquhar, lying between the towns of Kilconquhar and Earlsferry. In 1793, it contained ^57 inhabitants.
fliire,

COLINSBURGH;
in

the parifh of Auchterarder.

CRAKENISH POINT; a promontory on the W. coaft of the ifle of

Sky.

COLLISTOWN
TLE
;

and

OLDCAS-

CREACH-BEIN; a mountain in Aberdeenfhire, in the parifh of Argyllfhire, in the parifh of ArdnaSlains, containing 329 inhabitants in murchan, 2439 ^eet above the fea level. (LOCH) ; an arm of CONVETH, or KILTARLITY. the fea in Argyllfhire, going off from Vide KlLTARLITY. Loch Linnbe, in the diftrict of Appin. CRINAN (LOCH) ; a fmall arm or KIRK. Vide Laurencekirk. of the fea, on the W. coaft of ArgyllCOPINSHAY. VideCupiNSHAV. fhire, lately connected with Loch Gilp COPPAY; a fmall ifland of the (an arm of Loch Fyne), by a navigable Hebrides, 2 miles S. W. from the ifle canal, named the Crinan Canal. of Lewis. C a fmall flat ifland of ; Vide Hut ton and Sutherlandfhire, on the coaft of Affint. CORRIE. of ; a fmall vilan immenfe lage in Perthfhire, in the parifh of mountain in Invernefs-fhire, over Foffaway and Tulliebole, feated on which the great Highland road pafTes the river Devon. It is a burgh of babetween Garviemore and Fort Au- rony, under the fuperiority of Monguftus. crief Wellwood, Efq. of Tulliebole of ANGUS, and COU- and has a great fair in May, and anoPARofFIFE. Vide Cupar of An- ther in October. gus, and Cupar of Fife. CROSS one of the fmaller ShetISLES; two fmall land ifles. iflands, lying between the ifle of Sky a promontory in ; and the mainland of Scotland, 4 miles Wigtonfhire, on the Frith of Cree! from the ifle of Scalpa. a rivulet of Sutherland, a village about which runs into the fea at Loch Iniwr, 2 miles from Glafgow, containing where there is an excellent fifhing fta1158 inhabitants in 1793. tion, and a fmall village of the fame
two adjacent
fifhing villages

in

CRERAN

CONVETH,

LAURENCE-

CORRIE.

RON AY

CORRYARRACK;

CROOK

DOVAN

COUPAR

COURLIN

CRUGLETON
CULAG
;

COWCADDENS;
CRAIG-ALVIE
;

mountain
part of

in

name.

Strathfpey, in the S.
rayfhire.

W.
a

Moin

CRAIG-ANN;
Braidalbin, 16 miles

mountain
a

CULLICUDDEN. Vide Kirkmichael and Cullicudden. CUMBRAY. VideCAMBRAY.

N. W. from Perth.
mountain
in
j

CUMINESTOWN;
I

a village

in

CRAIG-EENYON;

Aberdeenfhire, in Montquhitter parifh, founded in 1760 by the late Mr, Cumine of duchry, and containing

Perthfhire, in Monteath, 3 miles N. E. of the town of Callender. CRAIGIE-BARNS ; a hill in PerthIhjre, near Punkeld.

404 inhabitants

in

1793.

DAL
CUMNACALLACH
;

JDEU
a mountain

road from Ayr to Muirkirk, on the banks of the river Ayr. It is regularly In the ifland of Arran. CUNNINGHAM; a diftrift of built, and, in 1797, confifted of upAyrfhire, feparated from Kyle by the wards of 30 neat houfes, inhabited by It is a fine level plain, 200 perfons. river Irvine. DALNACARDOCH,in Perthfhire, watered by numerous ftreams, and having feveral populous towns and a ftage inn, on the great Highland road villages : it is, however, moftly in the to Invernefs, 85 miles from Edinburgh. DALWHINIE, in Invernefs-fhire, hands of great proprietors, and i9, of confequence, ornamented with few a ftage inn, on the great Highland road to Invernefs, 98 miles from Edinburgh. feats. ; a fmall ifland of OrkCURGIE; a fmall port and village, on the bay of Luce, 3 miles N. from ney, in the parifh of Stennefs, about 2 miles from the ifland of Pomona. the Mull of Galloway. DEERNESS ; a parifh in Orkney, CUTHBERT'S (St.), or CHURCH ; a parifh of Mid-Lothian, united to St. Andrews in forming a lying on the N. and W. fides of the parochial charge. It is fituated in the metropolis, and comprehending the eaftern extremity of Pomona ifland ; New town of Edinburgh. In 1793, is 6 miles long, and from 1 to 3 broad. the population was 32,947 ; increafe The principal harbours are Itiganefs and Deer Sound, where there is excel30,7.^4 fince 1755. CUTTLE ; a fmall village in Had- lent anchorage. The ifland of Copindingtonfhire, near Preftonpans, con- /hay, and feveral fmaller iflets, are fituated on this coaft. The foil is chieflytaining 290 inhabitants. lpam, and mofs intermixed with fand, and, upon the whole, tolerably productive: but the cultivated land bears a fmall proportion to that which lies wafte and common. There are apa village in Renfrewfhire, in pearances of lead ore- in St. Andrews the parifh of Innerkip, containing parifh ; and a fmall holm on the coaft upwards of 400 inhabitants, and lying feems to be compofed chiefly of a fort about 3 miles from the fea port of of bituminous_/c//??,'j, approaching to the nature of coal. In 1797, the poGreenock.

DAMSAY

WEST

DAFF;

DALAROSSIE
nefs-fhire,

a parifh in Inver; united to that of Mqy.

Vide Moy, and Dalarossie.

pulation was 1335. DEERNESS ; a peninfulated promontory, on the coaft of the above
parifh.

DALAVICH
fhire,

in Argyll; a parifh united to that of Kilchrenan.

DELTING

a parifh in Shetland,

Vide Kilchrenan and Dalavich.

DALBEATTIE, or DALBEATY; a recent village in Kirkcudbright ftewartry, in the parifh of Urr, built 20 years ago, on the eftates of Alexander Copland of King's Grange, and George Maxwell of Munjbes, Efqrs. It is admirably fituated for trade, the river Urr being navigable 10 far for fmall veffels; and a confiderable ftream, called Dalbeaty bum, runs through it, well adapted for driving machinery. late traveller, after remarking the advantageous fituation of Lalbeattie, adds, " that if proper manufactures were introduced into this village, I would expect to fee it rife to rival the molt confiderable towns in this diftrict

on the N. coaft of the Mainland. It is fcT interfered by arms of the fea, that no accurate idea can be given of
its

extend

the furface

is hilly,

bleak,

and barren ; but the fmall part on the coaft, which is under culture, produces tolerable crops of oats and barchief harbours are St. MagBufla Voe, South Voeter, and Sulom Voe. The principal iflands are Mickle and Little Rhoe, Brother IJle, Fijh-holm, and Biggar. In 1 79 1, the population was 1504 ; increafe 281 fince 1755. SEA ; the name given by Ptolomy, and the ancient geographers, to the ocean which,
ley.

The

nus Bay,

jilt ha Frith,

DEUCALEDONIAN

waflies the weftern coafts

and

ifles

of

of Galloway."

Scotland.
j

Buchannan

is

of opinion,

DALGAIN

a village in Ayrlhire,

\n the parifh of

Lorn, feated on the

ought to be wrote Duticaledoniani from Duncalden, the chief city in thefe times ; now Dunkeld.
it

DUI
DEVON

DUN

(BLACK) ; a fmall river fea coaft is about 80 miles, the diftrict in Clackmannanfhire, which has its being interfered by large arms of the rife in the Saline hills, in the parifli fea ; the chief of which are Loch Bay, of Alloa ; and falls into the Frith of Loch Pottech, Loch Dunvegan, and Loch Marlojh. The promontories or Forth, at Clackmannan harbour.

DILTY MOSS

an extenlive mofs

in Forfarfhire, in the parifhes of Car-

mylie and Guthrie, about a miles

It gives rife to the river Elliot, which runs into the fea near Arbroath, and to a fmall ftream which joins the Ifla in its courfe through Strathmore. a parifh in PerthVide mire, united to Dunkeld.

long, and i| broad.

DOWALLY;
DREINICH

DONKELD.
gyllfhire,
in

a fmall ifland in Ar; Loch Li?mhe} near the increafe 432 fince 1755, notwithstanding
;

headlands, particularly Vaternifh, Huand Trotternij?:, are exceedingly high and rocky. The fhores afford, annually about 100 tons of kelp. The furface is hilly ; but the whole parifh affords excellent pafture, and there are many fertile arable fpots on the coaft. The remains of ancient fortifications, fimilar to thofe in other parts of the Hebrides, are to be feen on almoft every headland of the parifh. In 1792, the population was about 3000;
nijh,

ifland of Lifmore.

numerous emigrations.
a river of Invernefs; which, after watering the ex-

DRUMLTTHIE

a confiderable ma-

DULNAN
fhire,

nufacturing village of Kincardinefhire, in the parifh of Glenbervie, on the line of road from Laurencekirk to Stonehaven, nearly equidiltant from both

tenfive parifh of Duthil, falls into the Spey.

towns.

DRUMMOCHTER.
MUACHDER.
Largo.

Vide

Dru-

a parifh in Aber; deenfhire, latelyfupprefled, and united to that of Kin ore in forming the parifh

DUMBENAN
of

a fmall fifhing village in Fifefhire, in the parifh of

;

DRUMMOCHY

DUNAN POINT
on the S. Lat. 57

Huntly.

Vide
;

Huntly.
5'

W.
9'

a promontory coaft of the ifle of Sky.

3

N., long.

a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, in Argyllfhire, 3 miles N. W. of Jura. a village in Dumfriesother in December. a high mountain fliire, in the parifh of Kirkmahoe, conin Invernefs-fhire, on the S. fide of taining about 200 inhabitants. DUNIPACE a parifli of StirlingLoch Lochy, a fmall village in shire, united to Larbert ; (which fee.) Berwickfhire, on Tweedfide, where It takes its name from two artificial there are the remains of an ancient hills, concerning the ufes of which abbey, founded by King David I. Its antiquarians are divided. Vide Stirfine ruins are the property of the Earl lingshire. DUN-O-DEER ; a hill in Aberdeenof Buchan, whofe elegant feat, called Dryburgh- Abbey, is in the immediate fhire, upon which are the ruins of a vitrified fort or caitle neighbourhood. the erection of

a village in Rofsfhire, in the parifh of Kiltearn, feated on a level field near the river Skiack. It is yet in its infancy, but is increafing rapidly in extent and population ; being fituated in an excellent centrical fpot, on the port road from Dingwall to Novar inn. It has two well attended fairs ; one in June, and the
;

DRUMMOND

W.

from

Edinburgh.

DUNBEATH;
miles

a river of Caithnefs,
Orel.

which runs into the German ocean, 8

N. E. of the

DUNCANSBY-HEAD.
DUN GISB AY-HE AD.

Vide

DUNCHONNEL;

DUNCOW;

DRUMNADIAL

DRYBURGH;

a village in Fifefhire, on the Frith of Forth, at the mouth of the river Leven. Though furround.

DUBIESIDE

which
Great.

is

King Gregory the VidelNscK.

aferibed to

of Wemyfs, it belongs to the parifh of Markinch, and contains about 200 inhabitants. DUIRNISH ; a parifli in Invernefsfhire, in the ifle of Sky, about 25 miles The extent of long, and 18 broad.

ed by the

parifli

a parifh in Shet; land, united with the parifhes of Sand-

DUNROSSNESS

wick and Cunningsburgh.

in the

It lies

fouthern extremity of the Mainland, and is a peninfula wafhed on three fides by the fea. The chief creeks or harbours are ^uendal Vot, IVeJl Foe,

EOR
Crutmfs, and Aith's Foe. Sumburghhead is the fouthern promontory, and Fair Isle is the only ifland attache-."' to this miniftry. In 1792, the population was 3327 ; increafe 103a Since 1755; a fmall ifland of Sutherland, 4 miles N. of the promontory of Far-out-head. a bay and headland on the W. coaft of the ifle of Sky. Near it is a fmall village of the fame name, with a poft-office.

FAR
gitude from Edinburgh, and 58" 35'

30" N. latitude.

EOUSMIL an infulated rock, about half a mile in circuit, lying on the W. fide of North Uift. It is noted
;

for its feal fifhing.

DUNSKERRY

EOY;
brides,

a fmall ifland of the Helying between Barray and a fmall

;

South

Uift.
iflet

DUNVEGAN;
DURROR;

ERIN;

on the

W.

coaft of Lewis.

ERISAY

a rivulet in Argyllshire,

brides, lying Harris.

one of the fmaller Hebetween North Uift and

which runs into Loch Linnhe.

E RISK ; a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, on the S. fide of South Uift. It is noted for having been the firft place upon which Charles Stuart landed, in his wild attempt to regain the Britifh crown. a fmall river of Argylla fmall ifland near Mull. ; shire, in the diftrict of Cowal, ON, or which has its rife from Loch Eck, and ; a parifh and village in Berwickshire. Vide Earlstown. runs into the Frith of Clyde. EAGERNESS ; a promontory of ESDALE. Vide Easdale. ESHANESS; a promontory on the Wigtonfhire, on the Frith of Cree. EAGLESHEY ; one of the fmaller W. coaft of the mainland of Shetland. Shetland ifles, about a mile N. of the Latitude 6o 37' N., longitude i 7' Mainland. E. of Edinburgh. ESSIE ; a parifli in AberdeenShire, EALAN-A-GHARIN, and EALAN-AN-DU ; two fmall iflands, on united to Rhynie. Vide Rhynie. EU (LOCH) ; an arm of the Sea, the W.N.W. coaft of Sutherlandfhire. EALAN-USNICH ; a fmall ifland on the W. coaft of Rofs-lhire, in the of Argyllshire, in Loch Etive, cele- parifh of Gairloch. EUSDALE ; a diftria of the counbrated in Fingalian tales as the refidence of Ufnath, one of Offian's he- ty of Dumfries ; fo named from the fmall river Ewes, a tributary ftream roes. a village in Clack- of the Eft. mannanfhire, containing about 220 (LOCH) ; afafe harbour on the E, coaft of North Uift. inhabitants. (LOCH); a harbour EAST CALDER. VideKiRKNEwon the E. coaft of South Uift. TON.

AY

EACHAIG;

EARLSTOWN

ERRA ER SILT

ERLSTON,

EARLSTOWN;

EVORT

EYNORT

EAST KILPATRICK.
patrick (New).

Vide KilVide

EYSDALE.

Vide Easdale..

EAST MONKLAND.
a rivulet

Monkland (New). EBUD^:. Vide Hebrides, Western Isles.

and

ELVAN
famous

in Lanarkshire,

FAIRLEY

for the particles of gold found Vide Glengonar. in its fand.

in Ayrfhire, in the parifh

a fmall fea port village of Largs,

ENHALLOW;
ney
ifles.

one of the Ork-

Vide Inhallow.
;

ENNERIC
fhire, in
;

a river in Invernefs-

Glenmorifton,

which

falls

into Loch Nefs.

ENZIE a diftricT: in ECRAPIE POINT,

Banfffhire.

containing 132 inhabitants in 1792. FAIRLEY ROAD; a narrow ftrait in the Frith of Clyde, oppofite to the above village, formed by the ifles of Cam bray and Ayrfhire, affording Safe anchoiage. ; a hill of grrit elevation,

FANNA

or the Butt

in

Roxburghshire.

of Lewis ; the northern promontory of the ifland of Lewis, s 54' W. Ion-

FAR A
brides,

a fmall iflani ; lving between

of the HeBarray and

South

Uift,

FIN
PARA
;

FUD
tiful

ifles,

Argyllshire, in Loch Shiel, upon which are the ruins of a about a mile S. E. of Hoy. FARA one of the fmall Orkney church. FINAN, or FINNIN; a river in ifles. Iving between Eday and Weftray. FAR-OUT-HEAD ; a cape of Su- Invernefs-fhire, which gives name to thulaudfhire. Latitude 58 36' N., Ghnfinnin ; and falls into the eaftern extremity of Loch Shiel, at Iftand Filor.g~.tude i 20' W. of Edinburgh.
ifland
in
:

one of the fmall Orkney

FiRR.

Vide Far.
;

nan.

FEACHAN (LOCH)
FERELAY

an arm of
diftrict

FINDO-GASK.

Vide Gask.

the fea in Argyllshire, in the of Lorn.

a fmall fifhing village in Kincardinefhire, near the Girdknefs. FINNIS ; a fmall illand of the a fafe harbour on ; Hebrides; near Harris. the E. coaft of the ifle of Harris. FERNESS ; a promontory of Orka fmall ifland of the ney, on the coaft of the ifle of Hebrides, on the coaft of Argyllfhire, a fmall rivulet in RofsEday. Latitude 59" 3' N., longitude ; fhire, which falls into the fea in the o 30' E. of Edinburgh. a mountain parifh of Applecrofs. ; in Perthfhire, 8 miles S. of Blair- Athol. FIRTH and STENNESS. Vide FERRY; a confiderable village in Stenness. FISHLIN ; a fmall ifle of Shetland, Forfarfhire, feated on the Frith of Tay, about 3 miles E. of Dundee, 6 miles S. from the ifland of Yell. and nearly oppolite to Ferry Port-on; a fmall ifland near the Craig. It is divided into two diftricts, N. coaft of the ifle of Sky. called the Eajl and Weft Ferries ; the a fmall ifland near former whereof lies- in the parifh of the ifle of Sky. Monifieth, and the latter in that of one of the Trefhunifh ; Dundee. It is regularly built, and ifles, near the ifle of Mull. contains feveral good houfes, neatly ; three ifles of that name, fitted up for the accommodation of between Barray and Sanderav. bathers during the feafon. It cona large flat ifland in ; tains nearly 500 inhabitants. the diftrict of Harris, near the ifle of ; a confiderable vil- Scarp. two of the fmaller weftlage in Forfarfhire, in the parifh of Craig, on the S. bank of the South EJk em ifles ; one near Barray, and the river, and nearly oppolite to Mon- other near North Uift. trofe. It is chiefly inhabited by fifhera fmall ifland, lying ; men and their families, and has de- between Sky and Raafay. a fmall ifland, on the cayed very much fince the failure of the fifheries on the E. coaft ; and, as E. coaft of Barray. one of the Hebrides, ; formerly it was the ferry over the ricoaft of Lewis. ver to Montrofe r the erection of the on the N. {vulgo Foottie) ; a new bridge has materially injured it. It poffeffes a good harbour and a fafe confiderable village in the neighbourroadftead, and ftill contains about 300 hood of Nc-zu Aberdeen, where there is The principal a handfome church. inhabitants. (LITTLE and MEIKLE); inhabitants are the owners of the veitwo villages in Rofs-fhire, on the coaft fels belonging to the port of Aberdeen. of the Frith of Forth. a fmall village in Mid(NORTH). Vide North Lothian, in the parifh of Borthwick. Ferry.

FINDON;

BAY

FIOLAY;

W.

FIRDON

FERROGAN-BEIN

FLADA

FLADAHUIEN;

FLADDA

FLADDA

FLADDAY
FLATTA;

FERRYDEN

FLODDAY FLOTTA

FLODDAY;
W.

FOOTDEE

FERRY

FERRY

FORD;

FERRY (SOUTH). VideQuEENSFFRRY

FRAOCHELAIN. VidelmsFRAOCH.

FERRYTOWN
Creetown.

of

CREE.

Vide

FRESWICK; a fmall river of Caitlinefs,

which runs into the German oa fmall ifland of the cean near the town of Wick. a fmall ifle near the N. Hebrides, about a mile N. of Barray. FIDA ; a fmall ifland of the Frith coaft of the ifle of Sky. FUDIA a fmall fertile ifland of of Forth, 2 miles from North Berwick. FINAN (St.) i a fmall and beau- the Hebrides, s| miles N. of Barray.

FIARRA

FRODA

GIG
FULA.

GLE
the diftrict of Harris. a confiderable village in Mid-Lothian, in the parifh of Liberton, about 4 miles S. of Edinburgh. In 1793, it contained 755
in

Vide FowLA.Lat 6o 8'N., GIGULUM ; a fmall ifland of the long. 45 E. of Edinburgh. Hebrides, lying between Gigha and FURA ; a fmall ifland on the W. Cara. coaft of Rofs-ihire, 4- miles W. of GILLISAY; one of the fmaller
Udrigla Point.

Hebrides,

GILMERTON;

G
GAIR, GARE,
or

inhabitants.

G-ER (LOCH);
on the W. coaft

GIRDLENESS

promontory on

an arm of the

fea,

of Rofs-fhire, which gives name to the parifh in which it is fituated. It has alfo an ifland of the fame name. (LOCH) ; a branch of the Frith of Clyde, extending in a northerly direction about iz miles into

GAIR

Dumbartonshire, forming the E.

fide

the coaft of Kincardinefhire, being the fouth point of the mouth of the river Dee, and the eaftern extremity of the Grampian mountains. It lies a miles S. from Aberdeen, and 15 N. N. E. of Stonehaven ; 57 8' N. lat., and i 13' E. long, from the meridian of Edinburgh.

of the peninfula of Rofeneath. BEIN; a GAIRSAY; one of the Orkneys, mountain in Argyllfhire, in Sunart, about 4 miles in circuit, lying z miles elevated 1920 feet above the fea leS. of Pomona ifland, in the parifh of vel. GLASLETTER; a diftrict of RofsEvie and Rendall. fhire, in the parifh of Kintail. ; a fmall ifland, on the N. GLASS (ISLE of), or SCALP AY? coaft of Sutherlandfhire, 3 miles E. an ifland of the Hebrides, in the diftrict N. E. of Cape Wrath. GARANHILL ; a neat village in of Harris. Vide Scalpay. Ayrfhire, in the parifh of Muirkirk. a picturefque HILLS a ridge of vale in Perthfhire. fmall hills in Haddingtonfhire. a valley in Suthera fmall ifland, landfhire, 15 miles N. of Dornoch. ; a vale in Argylllying between Barray and South Uift. ' fhire, in the parifh of Inveraray. GARVIE. Vide Inchgarvie. GASKIER ; a fmall ifland of the ; a valley in StirHebrides, in the diftrict of Harris, lingshire. frequented by vaft flocks of geefe ; a valley of Perthwhence its name Gaajkeir, in Gaelic fhire, near Callender of Monteith. fignifying a flock of geefe. GLENBEG; a diftrict inlnvernefsGAVIN a fmall ifland, on the coaft fhire. a valley in Inverof Argyllfhire. nefs-fhire, in the united parifh of A; a village in Ber-

GLAISCHOIREN

GARAN

GLENALMOND;
GLENALOT
;

GARLETON

GARULINGAY

GLENARAY;
'

GLENARCLET

GLENARTNEY

GLENBRAWN;

GAVINTOWN

wickfhire, lately erected in the parifh of Langton, and containing 159 inhabitants in 1793. a fmall village, or rather military barracks, in Perthshire, at the end of Loch Rannoch.

bernethy and Kincardine; which

fee.

GEORGE TOWN;

GLENBRIARACHAN
GLENCARREL;

a valley

in Perthfhire, in the parifh of

Moulin-

GER(LOCH).VideGAiR(LocH).

a village in Eaft-Lothian, about 4 miles S. from Haddington, and containing about 400 inhaIt is the property of bitants in 1790. the Marquis of Tweeddale, to whole eldeft fon it gives the title of Earl. a fuburb of ties of the town of Haddington. Vide Had;

GIFFORD

a valley in Sutherlandlhire, near Glenalot. ; a vale in Argyllfhire, in the parifh of Kilmadan. ; a vale in Perthfhire, near Blair-Athol. a valley in ; Perthfhire, in Braidalbin. a valley in the coun-

GLENDARUEL
GLENDERBY

GLENDOCHART

GLENDOW;
GLENDUCE

GIFFORDGATE;
;

Dumbarton and
;

Stirling.

dington.

GIGAY a fmall inhabited ifland of the Hebrides, on the E. coaft cf

Ban ay.

a village in Sutherland, on the lea coaft, near the arm of the fea called Loch Scozur'te.

GLENDUISK.

Vide Kilmadan.

GLE
GLENELCHAIG;
GLENELLY
;

GLE
a
diftricT:

in

Rofs-fhire, bordering with Kintail. in Inver; a village

on the coaft of the found which feparates the ifle of Sky from the Mainland between which there
neis-ihire,
is

a ferry at this place.

GLENESK; adiftrict in Forfarfhire,

N.
of Brechin.
; a valley in Perthof Moulin, watered

GLENFERNAT
fhire, in the parifh

a vale in Rofs. ; near Loch F.mnich. GLENLEDNCCK-avalein PerthShire, near Glenalmond. GLENLIVET a diftricT: in BanSFShire, which gives Second title of Baron to the Earl of Aboyne. ; a vale in Argyll and Perthfhires, near Loch Tay. a valley in PerthShire, in Braidalbin.
Shire,
;

GLENGRUDY

GLENLOCHAY

GLENLOCHAY;

by the Arnot.

GLENLOCHAY;
;

a valley in In-

GLENFICHAN a valley on the W. coaft of Lorn, Argyllshire. GLENFIDDICH a fertile vale in

;

vernefs-fhire.

GLENLOTH;
landShire.

a vale in Suthera valley in Pertha

diftridt

Banfffhire, often

named

Fiddich-Jide,

GLENMORE
Shire, 13 miles

and

to a proverbial faying. ; a narrow vale in Invernefs-fhire, at the head of Loch Shiel, in which the river Finnin runs
fertile

N. of Blair-Athol.
;

GLENFINNIN

GLENMORE

of

Moray

between high and rocky mountains, impaffable, except by travellers on foot. It is famous for being the place where the Pretender firft raifed the ftandard of rebellion, on the 19th Auguft, 1745.
; a valley in Argyllshire, at the head of Loch Fyne. a parifh in Aber-

and Invernefs-Shires, abounding with wood. In 1786, the Duke of Gordon fold his fir woods in this diftridt to an Englifh company, for io,oool. Sterling, It is of excellent quality, and is floated down the Spey to Garmouth, where
large veffels are built with very Strong and durable.
it,

efteemed

GLENFYNE

GLENGA1RN;
in

; a valley in which gives name to parifh a united to that of Urquhart.

GLENMORISTON

Invernefs-fhire,

deenfhire, united to

Glenmuick and Vide Urquhart and Glenmorisa

parochial

Tulloch
charge.
fries-fhire.

forming
;

ton.

Vide Glenmuick.
a vale in
a vale

GLENMOY;
Dumriver
Shire,

GLENGARREL

a vale in Angusnear Brechin.

hills, in

GLENGONAR
in the fouthern
shire,

and

extremity of Lanarknear Lead hills, in which gold Mr. Maconochie, in duft is found. the ftatiftical account of Crawford parifh, fays, " Queen Elizabeth font down a German to gather gold duft in the waters of Elvan and Glengor.ar, both which have their Sources in the hills in which the lead is found. This man wrote an account of his difcoveries and his labours, the M.S. of which is ftill in the Advocates' library. The place where he wafhed the gold There are is ftill named Gold Scour. verfes ftill repeated in the parifh, importing that he made a great fortune. Be that as it will, the bufinefs was refumed by order of the Earl of Hopetoun, but difoontinued, as being lefs profitable than common labour. Gold duft is found on the tops of the rocks; but the foarching for it is rather a matter of amufement than of forious occupation. The particles feldom exceed the Size of the point of a pin."

a hill, or ; Dumfries-Shire^ compofed entirely of limeftone. GLENNEVIS ; a valley of Invert nefs-Shire, near Fort William. a valley hi ForfarShire, in the pariSh of Kirriemuir. a romantic rock in Dumfries-Shire, in the pariSh
rather ridge of

GLENMUC-CLEUGH

GLENPROSSEN;

GLENQUHARGEN;
GLENQUIECH
;

ofPenpont.
Shire,

Vide Penpont.
avalley in

Angus-

near Kirriemuir. GLENQUIECH ; avalley in Perth-

Shire.
; a valley and di= of Banfffhire. ; a valley in InvernefsShire, in which are ,the celebrated parallel at Flngalian roads. Vide Kil-

GLENRINNES

SiricF

GLENROY

M-ANIVAIG.

GLENSHEE (SPITTALof). The

battle, Said to

have taken place at this erroneously ftated in the Gazetteer. The engagement, there mentioned, is the fame as took place in the heights of GlenShiel, in Rofs-fhire
pafs,
is

3T

GUN
GLENTANAR
It is

HAS

(Vide GLenshiel.) The Splttal of maven, about a mile N. of the MainGlenjhee is a ftage on the great mili- land. tary road to Fort George, 2,2 miles from Cupar Angus, and 77 from Edinburgh. ; a parifh in Aber-

H
;

deenfhire, united to

Aboyne.)

(vide celebrated for its ex;

Aboyne;

HAAY

ten five oak foreft.

GLENTURRET
vaird and Strowan.

a romantic vale

HAIAY;

; a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, near Harris. a fmall ifland, between

in Perthfhire, in tiie parifh of

Moni- Barray and South

Uift.

one of the fmaller ; a valley in Hebrides, lying between Barray and Invernefs-fhire, in the united parifh of South Uift. HALBORN-HEAD ; a promontory Urquhart and Glenmorifton. a of Caithnefs, on the W. fide of the hill in the N. borders of Dumfries- opening of Thurfo bay, 8 miles W.S. fhire, where there are indications of W. from Dimnet-head.

HAKERSAY

GLENURQUHART

GLENWHURRY-CLEUGH;

lead ore.

GLENYALDER;
berdeenfhire.

a valley in

A-

GLIMSHOLM;
Orkney mona.
ifles,

one of the fmaller nearly 2 miles S. of Po;

a diftritf h? Dumfries-fhire, in the parifh of Langholm ; but completely feparated from it by the intervention of the parifhes of Middlebie and Canobie. In 1801,
it

HALFMORTON;

contained 497 inhabitants.

Vide

GLITNESS
Shetland Lerwick.
the Clyde.
ides,

one of the fmaller 11 miles N. by E. of

ancient

Langholm.

HARARAY
the

W.

GLOTTA;
GLUSS
;

; two fmall iflands on coaft of Rofs-fhire, near Loch

the

name

of

Broom.

two fmall iflands on the ; E. coaft of the mainland of Shetland. *fcoaft of the mainland of Shetland. ; a place in AberdeenVide Mary- fliire, in Garioch, where a great battle BURfH was fought in 14.11, between the royal ; a fmall ifland of Ar- forces under the Earl of Marr, and the gyllshire, in Loch Linnbe, a few miles forces of Donald Lord of the Ifles. " The fight," fays Buchannan, " was N. of Lifmore. one of the fmaller fevere and bloody ; for the valour of ; Orkney ifles, between the iflands of many nobles did then contend for eftate and glory, againft the ferocity of Hoy and Flota. the adverfe party. The night parted ; a fmall ifland on the coafl them at laft ; and it might rather be of Lewis. (LOCH); an arm fa id that both parties were weary of of the fea, in the ifland of Lewis, near fighting, than that any gained the victory. In this fight there fell fo many the town of Stornaway. noble and eminent perfons, as fcarce ; a mountain ever perifhed in one battle with a foin the ifland of Arran. GRISKAY; one of the fmaller He- reign enemy for many years before and, of confequence, the place of the brides, near Barray. engagement became famous to pofte; a fmall ifland of the Herity." brides, near Harris. ; a fmall ifland, on the (LOCH) ; a fafe harcoaft of Rofs-fhire, 5 miles S. E. bour, on the S. W. coaft of the ifle of Sky, in the parifh of Bracadale. of Udrigill-head. HARTFIELD a mountain in the a mountain in ; Peebles-fhire, in the parifh of Tra- diftricl of Tweed dale, in the parifh of cmair, elevated aaco feet above the Tweedfmuir, elevated 2800 feet above the fea level. fea level. HASCUSAY ; one of the fmaller one of the fmaller ; Shetland ifles, in the parifh of North- Shetland ifles, between Yell and Fcta
final! iflet,

HARAY

on the N.

HARLAW

GORDONSBURGH.

GRAMRY

GRAMSAY
GRAVE

GRIMSHADER

GRINNANATHOL

GROAY

GROINARD W.

HARPORT

GUMSCLEUGH

GUNNISTER

lar.

HUN
HAVERA ; a fmall ifland of Shetland, near the fouthern extremity of the Mainland, in the parifh of Bressay, Burra, and

IN V

Quarff.

HAVERAY;
Lewis.
the S.

a fmall ifland, near

TAMES
J
fo
;

(St.) ; a parifh in Rox burghfhire, united to that of Kel-

HAVERSAY; a fmall ifland, W. coaft of the ifle of Sky.

on

which

fee.

a fmall ifland, near ; the S. coaft of the mainland of Shetland. HELDISAY ; one of the fmaller Hebrides, lying between Barray and

HELDAZAY

IFFERT; a fmall ifland on the W. coaft of Lewis. IMMERSAY; a fmall ifland on the S. W. coaft of Ilay. INCH a parifh in Invernefs-fhire,
;

united to that of
fee.

Kingussie

which

South

Uift.

a fmall ifland of Kirk; cudbrightfhire, fituated at the mouth of the river Urr, where it difcharges itfelf into the Solway Frith.

HESTON

INCHYRA;
in the parifh

a village in Perthfhire,

HILLHEAD.

Vide Clayhole.

a parifh in Berwickshire, united to that of Whitsom.

HILTON;
HOIAY
;

Vide

Whitsom

and Hilton. one of the fmall Hebrides,

;

near Harris.

HOLY ISLE

S. E. coaft of the ifle of

a fmall iflet on the Arran, cover-

ing the harbour of Lamlafh. one of the fmaller Ork; ney iflands, lying in the Pentland

HORDA
HORSE

Frith,

between South Ronaldfhay and Swinna.

a fmall ifland in the Frith of Clyde, near the coaft of Ayrfhire.
;

of St. Madois, fituated on the river Tay, about 8 miles from Perth. It has a good harbour, which admits veffels of considerable burden. INNERPEFFRAY; an ancient abbey in Perthfhire, fituated on the banks of the Erne. The ruins are magnificent and, in a fmall village adjoining, there is a gratis fchool for poor children, and a library for the ufe of the public, richly endowed by Gilbert Earl of Stratherne. INVER (LOCH) ; a fmall arm of the fea, on the W. N. W. coaft of Sutherlandfhire, near the promontory of
;

Ru

Stoir.

INVERGORDON;

village

in

a fafe and commo; dious harbour in the ifland of Kerrera, Cromarty, over which there is a renear Oban. gular ferry to the town of Cromarty. HORSE ISLAND ; a fmall ifland It has a good harbour, and a fine fandy of Orkney, about 3 miles E. from Po- fhore, where veffels may fafely deliver

HORSEHOE

Rofs-fhire, in the parifh of Rofskeen, fltuated on the N. fide of the Frith of

mona.

their cargoes. It is fometimes named or TJREN (LOCH) ; an the Ne/s of Invergordon. a village in the extenfive arm of the fea, on the weftem coaft of Invernefs-fhire, extending Carfe of Gowrie, on the extreme bord20 miles inland from the found of ers of Perthfhire, on the banks of the Tay. It is principally noted for having Sky. a fmall pafture been the firft place of Chriftian worifland of the Orkneys, about 2 miks fliip in Scotland N. of the Tay ; a church having been founded here in S. of Pomona ifland. the 7th century, by Boniface, a legate ; a fmall ifland, on the from the church of Rome. Here alfo W. coaft of Lewis. one of the fmaller a palace was built by Alexander I. King of Scotland, which, however, he Hebrides, near Harris. HUNIE ; a fmall iflet of Shetland, did not long poffefs ; for, having narabounding with rabbits; about a mile rowly efcaped aflaffination, he, in gratitude, founded the church of Scone? from the ifland of Unft. HUNISH, or RU-HUNISH ; the and made over the lands and palace northern promontory of the ifle of of Invergowrie, in dotem, to that eftaSky. Lat. 57 45'., long. 3 22' W. blifhment. a river of Siu of Edinburgh. ; BAY, or BAY; therlandfhire, in Affint parifh, which a bay on the eaft coaft of Wigton- runs into a fmall arm of the fea c,aile4 flijre. 1 l.ocb Invsr.

HOURN,

INVERGOWRIE;

HOUTON HOLM;
HULMAY

HULMITRAY;

INVERKIRKAG

HUNTERS

RIGG

3T?

KER
INVERNETHIE
;

KOO
HOUSE.
near the river Dee, elevated 1890 feet above the fea level. that narrow found, or arm of the fea, which runs between the peninfula of Kintyre, and the ifle of Arran.

a fmall harbour

of Aberdeenfhire, near Peterhead.

INVERNOCHTIE. Vide Strath-

KILBRANNIN SOUND;

don.

O' GROAT'S Vide Groat's House.

;

JOHN JOHNSTOWN

a neat and regu-

larly

built manufacturing village, in

KILCHRIST. VideURRAY. KILL; a rivulet in Ayrfliire, which

falls

Renfrewfaire, about 3 miles W. of Pauley, It was begun to be felled in 1782, on .the eftate of Mr. Houfton of John/town; and, in 1793, it contained 293 families, or 1434 inhabitants. ISAY; a fmall ifland of' the Hebrides, in the Weji Loch Tarbert, in the diftrict of Harris. ISHOL a fmall ifland of Argyllihire, in Loch Linnhe. ISHOL ; an ifland, on the S. W. coail of Ifla.
;

into the river dyr, in the pariih

of Stair.
brides,

KILLASAY one of the fmall Heou the W. coaft of Lewis.

;

a village of Perth; the pariih, and within a mile of the town of Callender. In 1793, it contained about 200 inhabitihire, fituated in

KILMAHOG

ants.

KJLMARTIN
of Sky.

a river in the

ifle

ISLE
in

MARTIN

frilling

ftation

Loch Broom, on the coaft of Rofs-ihire, with a cuftom-houfe. It Fifeihire, in the Frith of Forth, formboundary of Largo Bay. ing the lies 5 miles N. of Ullapool. (LOCH); a fmall lake ISLE a fiihing ftation ; and village of Rofs-ihire, 3 miles N. in Kirkcudbrightihire, in the pariih of

W.

KINBATTOCK. Vide Towie. KINCRAIG POINT, or KINGCRAIG POINT; a promontory of

W.

TANERA

KINDAR

of

Itie Martin..

Newabbey, with an
;

ifland,

on which

ISLE of
harbour and
j,
,

WHITHORN

good

are the ruins of an ancient chapel.

village in Wigtonfhire, near the royal burgh of Whithorn. In 1 7 9 the village contained 390 in-

KINNESSWOOD
poet

a village of

Kinrofs-ihire, in the pariih of Portmoak, noted as the birth-place of the

habitants.

Michael Bruce.

In 1793,

it

ISSURT
brides, near
!

a fmall ifland of the

He- contained 170

inhabitants.

ITHAN.

Harris. Vide Ythan.

K
AIM IT V
a fmall village in Morayftiire, in Duffus pariih nearwhich is an cbeliik, faidtohave been erected iii confequence of a victory gained by King Malcolm II. over the Danes.
;
;

KINORE ; a fupprefled pariih in Aberdeenfhire, now comprehended in that of Huntly. Vide Huntly. KIP a hill in Lanarkshire, in the pariih of Dolphington, of considerable height, and having a cairn on its fum;

mit.
:

KIRK-YETHOLM;

a village in

Roxburghihire, in the pariih of Yetholm, containing 305 inhabitants. Vide

Yetholm.

KIRMUNDIE NETHER
(

) ;

vil-

or CATTERII'' L; a p :r'{h in Kincardineihire, united to Kinneff alfo a fmall har>at pariih. jbbur, or. the coaft of EEILLESAY; a fmall inhabited ifb-'d of the Hebrides, 3 miles N. E. of Barray.

KATTERLINE,

lage of Aberdeenfhire, in the pariih of Longfide, feated on the Ugie. It has

a confiderable woollen manufactory. one of the fmaller He, ;

KIRTA

KEITH-INCH; (yidePETER.H?Ap.)
he eafternmoft
ind in Cv. land. LTY; a village of Kinrofsrihire, ": the pariih of Cleiin, containing 114 perf^ns in ^79?.Civ; one of the Gramc.f
:

W. coaft of Lewis. a fmall rocky ifland, about 3 miles W. from the W. coaft of Sutherland. itNOCKFARRIL ; a mountain of
brides, near the

KLETT;

point

Inverncfs-ihire.

KNOCKRHEACADAN
hill in

a lofty ; Sutherlandihire, in the pariih a fmall ifland on the

of Tongue.

KOOMB;

N.

pi'

mountains, in Kincardineihire,

coaft of Sutherlandihire j

upon which

LGC
are the remains of a chapel,

MAG
and
burial

that amethyfts of great value have

ground.

been found upon

it.

LOGAN-HOUSE HILL;

one of

a frnall inhabited ifland of Shetland, on the N. E. coaft of the Mainland, in the parifh of North;

LAMBA

ma ven.

LAMERTON;
lately

a parifh of Ber-

wickfhire,

Mordington.

annexed to that of The church of Lamer-

chor. It the frnall

in its neighbourhood. Vide by Tulliallan. LOTHOSCAIR; named by Buillet called Holy IJle. There channan Molochafcair ; a fmall ifland is a frnall village of the fame name at the bottom of the bay. Lat 55 33' N., of Argyllfhire, in Loch Linn he ; near which is a fafe harbour for veflels of long. i 59' W. of Edinburgh. any burden. LANERICK. Vide Lanark.
is

ton deferves to be noticed, as having been the place, where, in 1503, King James IV. of Scotland married the daughter of King Henry VII. of England ; and paved the way flrft for the union of the two kingdoms. LAMLASH ; an excellent harbour, on the S. E. fide of the ifland of Arran, where veflels of any fize, and almoft in any number, could fafely lie at an- ftone
flieltered

the Pentland hills, in the parifh of Collington, elevated 1700 feet above the fea level. ; a fmall paftoral ftream of Mid-Lothian. a place in Perthfhire,in the parifh of Redgorton, where there is an extenfive bleachfield. But it is principally deferving of notice, for being the field of that battle in the end of the 10th century, in the reign of Kenneth III., in which the Danes were totally routed; chiefly by the valour and bravery of a countryman and his fons, of the name of Hay, who were ennobled by the title of Earls of Errol. a village in Perthfhire, in the parifh of Tulliallan, famous for the excellent quarry of free-

LOGAN WATER
LONCARTY;

LONGANNAT;

from the

fea

LAROCH
fhire,

a fmall river in Argyll-

LOUISEURGH;

a fifhing village

which runs into Loch Creran, in of Caitlmefs, near the town of Wick, lately erected on the eftate of Sir Benthe diftricl of Appin. LAXAY ; a fmall ifland, on the jamin Dunbar of Hempriggs.
S. E. coaft of Lewis.

LOYOL(LOCH). VideLAOGHAL

LINADIL

a fmall ifland of the

(Loch).
a lake on the ; borders of Perthfhire, which difcharges itfelf by a river of the fame name ; which, running through the long and narrow vale of Glenlyon, in the pariih of Fortingall, falls into Loch Tay, near Kehmore.

Hebrides, near the coaft of Sky. LING ; a fmall ifland, on the W. coaft of the ifie of Stronfay, in Orkney, which covers a fmall, but fafe harbour of the fame name. LINGA ; two of the fmaller Shetland ifles; one lying between Yell and the Mainland, and the other between Yell and Unft. a river of Perthfhire, ; which rifes on the borders of Argyllfhire, and running through Qlenlochay, joins its waters to the Dochart, at the weftern extremity of Loch Tay.

LYON (LOCH)

W.

LOCHAY

M
MAALMORIE
;

promontory and

a village in Angus; the parifh of Liff and Benvie, about 3 miles from Dundee. a lofty mountain in Aberdeenfhire, in the Grampian ridge, in the parifh of Crathy, upon the top of which the fnow lies the whole year round. Upon it are found many precious ftones, fimi'ar to the Cairngorm ; and it is faid I
fhire, in

LOCHEYE

fmall ifland, on the S. E. coaft of the ifle of Hay. Lat. 55 45' N., 1' long. 25 of Edinburgh.

W. MADDIE (LOCH)

an extenfive

LOCH-NA-GARAIDH;

arm of the fea, on the E. coaft of North Uift, affording fafe anchorage. MAGNUS (St.) BAY; a fafe and commodious bay of the mainland of Shetland, in the pariih of Northmaven. It has good moorings, in from
7

to 22 fathoms water, for almoft any

number of veffels.

MIL
MAIDEN
;

NEW
;

PAP. VideTHiCHALMlNCH (The) that arm of the lin and Shechallion. Deucaledonian fea, which feparates MANOR a parifh in the county the ifle of Sky from the Long Ifland.
of Peebles, 9 miles long, and 3 broad, a lofty mountain ; containing 18,110 acres. The north- in Peebles-fhire, in the parifh of Traern parts are hilly and rocky : but, towards the S., upon the banks of the 7W<?^,thereis excellent arable ground, very productive. The arable lands, however, bear a fmall proportion to the pafture grounds, on which are fed of the hills, about 8700 Iheep. the Scrape and Dollarburn, are of confiderable height ; the latter being elevated 2840 feet above the fea level.
quair, elevated 2000 feet above the fea
level.

MINCHMOOR

Two

MINNIEHIVE ; a fmall village in Dumfries-fhire, feated on the fmall river Da/what, oppofite to the village of Dunreggan, with which it is connected by a bridge. The two villages contain about 400 inhabitants, and lie on the port road from Edinburgh to
Wigton by

New

Galloway, about 15

Roman encampment

can be

ftill

miles from the latter town.

diftinctly traced.

lation

In 1791, the popuMONCRIEFF, or a (ince 1755. hill in Perthfhire, in the parifh of Dum(St.) ; a parifh in the barny, which commands fo grand, excounty of Rofs, united to thofe of tenfive, and varied a profpect, that KlRKMICHAEL and CULLICUDDEN. Mr. Pennant calls it " the Glory of Scotland." Vide KlRKMICHAEL. a fmall port or hara fmall ifland of Argyll; bour, on the coaft of Wigtonfhire, in fhire, near Lifmore. MORISON'S HAVEN. Vide Atthe parifh of Kirkmaiden. two fmall cheson's Haven, and Prestoniflands, on the N. W. coaft of Suther- pans.

MORDUN;

was 229; decreafegi

MARTINS

MARYPORT;

MOREY

MAUL-ELANAN;
;

landfhire.

MULDONICH.VideDEERlsLAND.
fhire, in the parifh

a parifh in Roxburghshire, united to that of Kelfo ; which

fee.

MAXWELL

MELLERSTAIN
near which
is

a village in Ber;

a village of Rofsof Knockbain, fituated on the N. coaft of the Moray Frith, on a fmall bay of the fame name.
;

MUNLOCHY

"wickfhire, in the parifh of Earlftoun

a ridge of
;

hills

of the

fame name.

an excellent fifhing ftation. ; one of the fmaller Shetland ifles, on the E. coaft of the MainIt is

MUSA Y

MERTAICK a fmall iiland, on the W. coaft of Rofs-fhire, in Loch Broom.

a fmall village of ; Mid-Lothian, in the parifh of Borthwick, where there is a poft-office. MIGVIE, or MIGVY ; a parifh of

land.

MIDDLETON

N
NANUAGH
NAOIMPH

(LOCH) ; an arm of the fea, on the W. coaft of Ina fmall village of vernefs-fhire, in the diftrict of Moidart. ; Lanarkflrlre, in the parifh of Dalferf, ; a fmall ifland on the feated on the banks of the Cahiar. N. coaft of Sutherlandfhire. MILLHOUSE ; a manufacturing ; a fmall ifland, on the S. village of Forfarfhire, in the parifh of coaft of the ifle of Hay. Liff and Benvie, diftant 3 miles from NEARTAY;one of the fmaller HeDundee. brides, in the found of Harris. a fmall village, on NEAVIS (LOCH) ; an extenfiye ; the S.W. fide of the ifle of the Greater arm of the fea, in Invernefs-fhire, in Cambray. It is pleafantly fituated, the diftrict of Glenelg. Vide NESS of and has a commodious dry harbour, where veffels of confiderable burden Invergordon. ; a fmall village of can unload, or take in cargoes. There is alfo fafe anchoring ground, fheltered Aberdeenfhire, in the parifh of Foveran, by a rocky ifland. The village, in feated at the mouth of the Ithan. It 1793, contained 60 good houfes, and is pleafantly fituated, and well adapted for a fifhing or a manufacturing ft<i? v/as daily increasing.
Aberdeenfhire, united to that of

Tar-

land

which

fee.

MILLHEUGH

NAOSG

MILNPORT

INVERGORDON.

NEWBURGH

OR A
tiorl
;

FOR
a fmall ifland of the ; Hebrides, between Barray and South
Uift.

but has been unaccountably ne-

ORBANSAY

It formerly contained 200 glected. inhabitants ; but the number is now

ORCAS, or TARFEDKUM, (in anconfiderably diminifhed. a fmall village of cient geography) ; the promontory of ; Roxburghfhire, in the parifh of Mel- Far-out-head. a river of the ifle of Sky. fofe. ; a fmall ifland on the a village in Fifefhire, ; ; near Falkland, containing 180 inhabit- S. coaft of the ifle of Sky, covering a fine harbour of the fame name, in the ants. ; a village in parifh of Sleat. one of the fmaller ShetClackmannanlhire, on the river De; von ; built for the accommodation land ifles, lying between Yell and of the work people employed by the Mainland. OSRIM ; a fmall ifland, on the S. Dovan Iron Company. a fmall iOand of Argyll- coaft of the ifle of Hay. ; a fmall ifland of the mire, in the found of Mull, near the ; It is about half a Hebrides, about 2 miles S. of the ifle ifland of Kerrera. mile in circuit, and is entirely com- of Colonfay. pofed of a coarfe limeftone, intermixed with fcki/ius. On the higheft part of the rock is a ruftic pillar of granite, faid to be erected to the memory of

NEWSTEAD

NEWTON

ORD ORNASAY

NEWTONSHAW

ORNAY

NIORT

OVERSAY

Offian.

NISBET ; a fmall village of Eafta village near Glaf; Lothian, in the parifh of Pencaitland, gow, containing 678 inhabitants containing about 180 inhabitants. in 1793. NOSS-HEAD ; a promontory of PARKHOUSE; a village near GlasCaithnefs, 4 miles N. from the town gow, containing 499 inhabitants in of Wick, and 13 miles S. from Dungif- 1793bay-head. PEFFER ; a river in Rofs-fhire, in ; a confiderable village, the parifh of Fodderty, which falls fuburb, of the or rather town of Had- into the Frith of Cromarty. dington ; fo named from a nunnery PITCAIRN (NEW) ; a village in founded in 78, by Ada Queen of Perthfhire, in the parifh of Dunning, William I. It is connected to Had- lately built on the eftate of Mr. Gradington by an elegant bridge of 3 large ham of Orchill. arches, thrown over the Tyne. PITTENCRIEF ; a village in Fife(ISLE of) ; a fmall ifland fhire, near Dunfermline ; to which of the Hebrides, near I-colm-kill, up- town it is joined by a handfome on which there was a nunnery. Vide bridge.

PARKHEAD

NUNGATE

NUNS

I-COLM-KILL.

PORT- ALLAN;

a "fmall village

and harbour in" the parifh of Sorbie, in the county of Wigton.

O
OLDCASTLE.
TOWN.
Vide C
ll
1

a village in Lanarkftiire, 3 miles from Glafgow, feated upon the great canal ; and fo
s-

PORT-DUNDAS;

OLDNEY;
landfhire,

in honour of Lord Dundas, by whofe exertions the canal, in a great a fmall ifland of Suther- meafure, owes its completion.

named

on the W.1S). W. coaft, belonging to the parifh of Affint. It is about a mile long, and a quarter of a mile where broadeft, and has a fmall harbours. OPSAY ; a fmall ifland, in the found of Harris. ; a fmall ifland, on the W. coaft of the ifle of Sky, peninfulated at low water.

PORT-KESSOCK

a fmall port,

on the coaft of Wigtonfhire, in the parifh of Kirkmaiden, where there

formerly was a great pier,
to ruin

now

fallen

by

neglect.
;

ORANSAY

a fmall fifhing near the promontory of Girdlenefs. a fmall ; harbour in Rofs-fhire, in the parifh of
village in Kincardinefhire,

PORT-LEITHEN

PORT-MA-HALMACX

RIG
erly built

SEA
RINARY;
coaft of the

Tarbat, where a great pier was formby the Earls of Crotnarty,

fallen to ruin

a fmall ifland, on the S.

'-.f

ifle
'

Thy.
;

neglect. ; a fifhing village in the ifland of Hay, in the parifh

now

by

ROAG (L

PORT-NA-HAVEN

)CH j

an extenfive

arm

of the fea, on the of Lewis. It is

W; coaft of the ifland

of Kilchoman.

PORT-SKERRY; a village and harbour on the N. coaft of Sutherland, with iflands, particularly the Greater in the parifh of Reay. and Letter Bcrneras ; the former of PORT-YARROCK ; a harbour in which is 1 a miles long. The whole Wigtonfhire, in the parifh of Whit- of this arm of the fea abounds with horn, near Burgh-head. fafe places of anchorage, fufiicient for POTTECH (LOCH) ; an arm of the whole Britifn n^vy. the fea, on the W. coaft of the ifle of ROAN. Vide Eli, an Nan RoAns. Sky. a fmall ifland of the He; PRESS ; a village in Berwickshire, brides, lying between Benbecula and on the great ftage eaft road and a from North Uift. Edinburgh to England; 14 miles S. of ROTHESHOLM, or RODNUMDunbar, and 12 N. of Berwick. HEAD a promontory on the S. W.
-

5 miles broad at the entry, and rtiire <n a S.E. direction 18 miles through the ifland: it is covered

RONA

coaft of Stronfay ifland.

0.
QUARRY-HEAD
on the N. E.
Ihire.
;

a fmall village of Dumthe parifh of Torthorwald; containing, in 1793, 143 inhafries-fhire, in

ROUCAN;

bitants.

coaft

promontory RU-ARDNAMURCHAN; a proof Aberdeen- montory of Argyilfhire, the moft weft-

em point of the mainland of Scota fihall village, re- land. Lat. 56* 58' N., long. 3 %6' cently eftablifhed on the ifland of from the meridian of Edinburgh. Mull, on the eftate of Mr. Maclean a fmall rocky ifland, of Cadbole, who grants leafes for 99 on the W. coaft of the ifle of Mull. HUNISH. Vide Hunish. years. STOIR ; a promontory in Su; a fafe harbour, near the fouthern extremity of the therlandfhire, in Affint. Lat. 5 8 13' mainland of Shetland. Lat. 59 49' N; N., long, a 4' from Edinburgh. jlong., i 34' Ei of Edinburgh.

QUEENISH

W.

RUDANAY;

'

QUENDAL VOE

RU RU

R
O AARTAY a fmall ifland of the or BEINN REAY a moun- O Hebrides, the found of Harris. RA, tain in Sutherland, in the parifh SAGAY a fmall ifland of the He;

in

of Reay, elevated about a mile above brides, near Harrs. the fea level. SANDA; a fmall ifland of the HeRAIT ; a village in Perthfhire, in brides, in the diftrict of Small Ifles. the parifh of Kilfpindie, half way on It lies about half a mile from Canna, the old road from Perth to Dundee. and poflefles a good harbour. a fmalf ifland in Ara village near ; gyllfhire,in l.och Linnhe, near Lifmore. Glafgow, in the Barony pariih, conRANSA (LOCH); a fafe harbour, taining ^41 inhabitants in 1797. on the N. E. coaft of the ifle of Arran. SATIE'S HEA'D; a promontory of a fmall ifland, near Abeideenfhirr-, ne.^r Peterhead. the W. coaft of the ifle of Mull. SCARVAV; a fmall ifland Of the RESORT (LOCH); an extenfive Hebrides, near Harris. arm of the fea, on the W. coaft of the SCONSER; a fmall village in the ifland of Lewis ;. forming the divifion ifle of oky, 8 '.dies S. of Portree^

RAMASA

SANDYHILLS;

RENINGAY

between Lewis and Harris.

or BAY; a fmall bay, on the coaft of Wigtonfhire, in the parifh of Soibie.

where

ther.- is

a poft office.

RIGG,

HUNTERS

an arm of ; the fea, on the S. fide of the' ifland o

SSEAEOR-TH (LOCli)

suu
Lewis, which feparates Lewis (properly fo called) from Harris.
freflr

TR A
a fmall
dif-

SEAMADALE LOCH;
water lake
in

Lorn, which

charges itfelf by the Euelmn into the found of Mull.

SELLER-HEAD
on the E.
near Stornaway.

promontory
of Lewis,

coaft of the

ifle

SERF'S (St.) ISLE ; a fmall ifland of Loch Leven, on which are the ruins which fee. of a priory, dedicated to the Saint coaft of Hay. whofe name it bears.

fmall ifland, on the coaft of the ifle of Hay. (in ancient geography) ; the E. promontory of the jfluarlum Fararis, or Moray Frith ; fuppofed to be Kinnaird's
S..

TAASKEIR; a
TAIXALIUM

Head;

TANAST

an

iflet,

near the
;

N.
the

SHEIL (LOCH.)
Shiel.
,

Vide (Loch)

TAR.BE RT,
name given

or

TARBET

to feveral ijlhmi of Scota village in land, particularly in Harris and in Ar; Lanarkfhire, in the barony parifh of gylllhire. See the two next articles. (EAST and Glafgow, and a fuburb of that city. two fmall iflands, LOCHS) ; two arms of the fea, in

SHETTLESTOWN
SIGRAMMA;

TARBERT

WEST

.on the

W. coaft of the ifle of Lewis, near Loch Roag. SKEILAY ; a fmall ifland of the Hebrides, near Harris. SKEOTISVAY ; an ifland of the Hebrides, about a mile long, lying in Eajl Loch Tarbert, in Harris. SKIPORT (LOCH); an arm of the fea, on the E. coaft of South Uift, well adapted for a fifning ftation. ; an iflet, on the N. coaft of the mainland of Shetland. SOAY; a fmall ifland, on the S.W. coaft of the ifle of Sky. SOAY two fmall iflands on the W. coaft of Harris. STENNESS; a fmall ifland of Shetland, on the N. coaft of the Mainland.

Argyllfhire, which, by approximation, peninfulate the diftrict of Kintyre.

TARBERT (EAST
LOCHS
) ;

and

WEST

two arms of the fea, which

penetrate a considerable way into the ifland of Harris; one from the E. fide, and the other from the W., peninfulating the fouthern part of the ifland.

yide Karris.

TARFEDRUM (in
phy)
;

SKEAHOLM

ancient geograthe promontory of Far-out-

h e ad.

TEMPLE-LISTOHN.
L1STOUN.

Vide Kirk-

TEONA
TEXAY

a fmall ifland of Inver-

nefs-fhire, in the

covers a fmall bay in Northmaven THORNLIE-HILL ; a manufacparifh, where there is a good fifliing ftation, with drying-houfes and other turing village in Renfrewfhire, in the parifh of Eaftwood, about 7 miles conveniences. a place in Perth- from Glafgow. ; TIFTALA ; a fmall barren ifland, ihire, in the parifh of MuthU, where there is a E.oman camp, communicat- belonging to Orkney, in the Pentland ing by a military road with that of Frith ; near which are feveral dangerous whirlpools. Ardoch. the ancient TIUNPAN-HEAD ; a promontory, name of the county of Renfrew ; fo on the E. coaft of the ifle of Lewis. one of the fmaller named from the Gryfe, the principal Hebrides, in the found of Harris. river. ; a fmall ifland of the ; a fmall fifhing village in Kincardinefhire, near the Girdlenefs. Hebrides, in the found of Harris. ; the fouth- It has a tolerable harbour, and a pier ,ern promontory of the mainland of for fmall veffels. TORSTASELLER-HEAD ; a proShetland. SUURSAY ; a fmall ifland of the montory, on the E. coaft of the ifle of Lewis. Hebrides, in the found of Harris (LOCH) ; a fmall lake in Argyllfhire, in the parifh of Kilr4H=
It

opening of the arm of the fea called Loch Moidart. a fmall ifland, near the ; S. coaft of the ifle of Hay.

STRAGEATH

STRATHGRYFE;
STROMAY

TOROGAY;

TORRY

SUMBURGH-HEAD

TRALIG

3U

VUI
wer, which difcharges its waters by the Oude into the Muriel of Mull. a head-land, on the W. N. W. eoaft of the iOe of Sky. a village of Banfffhlre, on the fta coaft, near Gardenjlon. About halt a mile from the village, is the fteep and rocky promontory of Troup- head. a fmatl ifle of the Hebrides, near ths N". coaft of the ifle of Sky. a ridge of hills ; in Aberdeenlhire, in the parifli of

YLA

TROTTERNISH POINT;

w
WADEHAVEN; a bay or harbour
of the Frith of Forth, in Fifefhire

TROUP;

about a mile E. from the town of Elicit is fo named from General Wade,

TULM;

who recommends it as a ftation for men of war it is a very commodious

:

harbour, having from 22 to 24 feet

TYREBEGGAR

water at

Dyce.

a fmall fifhing village in Aberdeenlhire, near the Bullers of Buchat:, a fmall ifland of ;
;

WARD

common

tides.

WARTHOLM
town
in

u
one of the fmaller Hefound of Harris. VA'i I AR, oxJEs tuarium Fararis ( in ancient geography ) ; the Moray Frith.
;

Orkney, near South Ronaldfhay.

a conliderable fifhthe parifli of Boyndie, in Banffihire, fituated on the fea coaft, about half way between the towns of Banff and Portfoy. Eight boats are conftantly employed in the fifhery, which export annually dried cod and ling to the value of 500I. or 600I. In 1797, the town contained 460 inha-

WHITEHILLS;

ing

VAAKSAY

brides, ir the

VERVEDRUI.i
phy)
head.
;

(in ancient geograthe promontory of Strathy-

bitants.
r

UDRIGILL-HEAD; a promontory, on th e W. coaft of Rofs-fliire. Lat. 5 7 .-V Is"., long. 2 17' W. of Edinburgh.

VOTMSAY a fmall illand of the Hebrides, in the found of Harris. 'UPEE TTINGTOUNE. Vide
;

Lad/kirk.

one of the Grampians ; of Angus-fhire, in the parifli of Lethnot, 7 miles N. of Brechin. a fmall village in Fifelhire, feated on the river Tay, oppofite to Dundee, between which there is a regular ferry. Woodhaven is diftant about 10 miles from Cupar,

WIRRAN

WOODHAVEN;

UREN- orHouRN (Loch).

Hot

Vide and

the,

fame diftance from

St.

An-

drews.
an
iflet,

USABREST;

on the N.

W.

coaft of .he ifle of Hay. USAN. faid to be a contraction for Ultyfes hat-en; a village of Forfai (hire, on the fea coaft, 3 miles S. of

W.

Mo
W.

itrofe.

VUIAY;

a fmall iflet, on the S. coaft of the ifle of Sky.

YEA

a fmall river of Dumfries

(hire, tributary to the Nith.

YLA.

Vide Ilay, and

Is la.

APPENDIX,
TABLE
A.
EXTRACT FROM THE ABSTRACT OF THE ANSWERS AND RETURNS THE POPULATION ACT, 41 GEORGE III. 1801,
As
T<

taken from the Sheriff-Clerk's Books, Edinburgh.*

ABERDEENSHIRE.
Inhab.

DISTRICT OF GARIOCH.
Inhab<,

DISTRICT OF KINCARDINE O NEILL. Bourtrie

445 Culsalmond do 730 Daviot do 644 BOYNE & Glentanar Parish 916 Garioch (Chapel rf) do 1224 Birse do 1266 Insch do 798 Braemarr do 905 Inverury Town 783 Cluriy 821 Keith-hall & Kinkell Parish 853 do Coldstone do 861 Kemnay do 583 Coull do Town 846 679 Kintore Crathy do Parish 971 Leslie 367 Echt Town 1584 do 972 Meldrum Parish 901 Glenmuick, Glengairn and Monymusk Tulloch do do 1901 Oyne 518 Kincardine O'Neil do do 1710 Premnay 486 Lumphanan 614 Rayne do 1228 do Mid-Marr 803 do Tarland & Migvie 922 Total do 11990
Parish

Total * In

13341

few parifhe8 have not been returned : in confeqUence, of population as accurate as poffible, the editor has inferted the deficient parifhes with the population of 1790-8, as returned to Sir John Sinclair ; and thofe parifhes, for diftinction, are printed in Italics. The editor has alfo to notice, that he would hare wifhed that each diftriift had been united to the returns of the parifh to which it is joined ; but he has rather preferred the abftract. in the original arrangement ; and any one may eafily find the population of each parifh, by examining the returns of the different diftrifts of that parifh.
this abftract, a

to

make

the

lift

APPENDIX
District or ALFQRD*
Inhab.

A,
Inhahi

Parish Alford do Auchindore Cabrach (Aberdes n divido sion )

Clatt

Crhnond 644 Deer (New) 532 Deer (Old)

Parish

Forbes Glenbucket

Keam
Keig

KennethmoM Kildrammy
Leochel & Cushnie Rhynie & Essie Strathdon

do do do do do do do
do do do do do do
Total

Fergus (St.) 228 Fraserburgh 433 Longside 206 Lonmay

862 2984 3552 1270 Town 2215

do do do
do

Parish 1825

420 Peterhead

Tough
Towie
Tullynessle

207 Pitsligo 379 Rathen 784 Strichen430 Tvrie 668 Total 676 25518 1354 629 528 district of ellon. 330
'

1607 4491 Parish 1256 do 1588 do 1520 do 1044

Town

8448 Cruden
Ellon Foveran

Parish 1934-

Town 2022
do do do do do do
Total
1391

Logie-Buchan
DISTRICT OF STRATHBOGIE.
Cairny
Parish 1561

539
1215 970 1756 1242
11069

Methlick
Slains

Tarves

Drumblade
Forgue

do do do do

821 1768

Udny

Gartly ( Aberdeen division }

Glass

Huntly

Town
Total

444 793 2863

DISTRICT OF ABERDEEN.

8250
Aberdeen (New) Aberdeen (Old)

Town 17597

do 9911 Banchory-Davinick (Aberdeen division) irish 235 DISTRICT OF TURREFF. Belhelvie do 1428 Parish 1129 Drumoak (Aberdeen diviAuchterless sion) do 2391 do 458 Fyvie do 1723 Dyce do 347 King Edward do 1710 Fintry do 886 Montquhitter Town 2090 Kinnellar do 309 Turreff
Total

Machar (New) 9043 Newhills

Peterculler

do do do

925 1305
871

Skene
DISTRICT OF DErR.
Total

do

1140

35412

Aberdour

Parish 1304

APPENDIX
ARGYLLSHIRE.
Inhab.

A.

AYRSHIRE1478
DISTRICT 3F CARRICK.

Ardchattan

Parish

Ardnamurchan

&

Sunart

2664 Inhah.Bowmore or Killarrow do 2781 Ballantrae Parish 837 Town 7093 Barr Campbelltown do 742 Parish 1162 Colmonell CoU do 1306 Dailly Colonsay & Oronsay Isdo 1621 805 Girvan lands Town 2260 904 Kirkmichael Parish Craignish Parish 1119 486 Kirkoswald do Dalavich do 1679 do 1750 Maybole Town 3162 Dunoon & Kilmore 556 Straiton do Gigha and Cara Parish 1026 do 3293 Glassary do 1111 Glenorchy Total 13752 740 do Inre-hail Town 2051 Inveraray Parish 626 Inverchaolan do 1202 DISTRICT OF_ :UKNISGHAME. Jura Kilbrandon& Kilchattan do 2278 Kilcalmonell <Sc Kilberry do 2952 Ardrossan Parish 1S46 do 566 Beith Kilcholnan Town 3103 do 2050 Dairy Kilchoman Parish 2321 do 1990 Dreghora Kjldalton do 762 do 1432 Dunlop Kilfinan do 808 do 3002 Fenwick Kilfinichen do 1280 Killean & Kilchenzie do 2520 Irvine Town 4584 do Kilmadan 502 Kilbirny Parish 959 Kilbride (West) Kilmalie (Argyll divido 795 do 1279 Kilmarnock sion) Town S079 do 1501 Kilmaurs Kilmartin Parish 1288 do 1543 Kilwinning Kilmeny Town 2700 Kilmore & Kilbride do 1854 Largs do 1361 Kilmorich do 465 Loudon do 2503 Kilninian do 3601 Stevenston do 2146 Kilninver & Kilmelfort do 1173 Stewarton do 2657 do 2401 Knapdale (North) do 1716 Total Knapdale (South) 37192 Lismore & Appin do 3243 Loch-goil-head do 680 Morvern do 2083 do Muckairn 893 DISTRICT OF KTLE. Saddell & Sklpness do 1767 Small Lies do Parish 1214 839 Auchinleck Southend do 1825 Ayr Town 5492 do 646 Coy It on Parish 848 Strachur do 433 Craigie do Strathlachlan 786 do 1764 Cumnock (New) do 1112 Torosay Cumnock (Old) do 1798 do 758 Total \ 5700 Dalmellington
(Argyll division)

do

Appendix
Inhah.

A.

BERWICKSHIRE.
Inhah"i

Abbay(St. Bathans) Parish 138 Ayton Galston do 1453 Bonkle & Preston Mauchline do 674 Channelkirk Monktown 640 do Chirnside Muirkirk do 1147 Cockburnspath Newton upon Ayr do 930 Parish 1308 Coldingham Ochiltree do 2391 Quivox (St.) Town 2269 do 2070 Coldstream 166 Town 1364 Granshaws Parish Riccartoun Parish 2606 Dunse Town 3157 Sorn 6 Stair do 663 Dunse Gaol Symington Parish 1478 do 668 Earlstoun Tarbolton do 1682 do 1766 Eccles do 1355 Edrom do 899 al 33362 Eyemouth do507 Fogo do 393 Foulden 802 do Gordon do 1270 Greenlaw 955 do Hutton 516 do Lady kirk 428 do BANFFSHIRE. Langton Town 1760 Lauder Parish 815 Legerwood Parish 495 Aberlour do 1057 Longformacus' 406 do Alvah Town 3571 Mertoun do 535 Banff 1 Mordington do 330 Banff Gaol Town 1802 Nenthorn do Bellie 395 Parish 589 Oldhamstocks (Berwick diBotriphnie do 1122 109 do Boyndie vision) 456 Polwarth 291 do Cabrach (Banff division) do 415 Town 1076 Stitchel do Cullen 875 do 610 Swinton do Deskford do 2747 Westruther do Fordyce 779 do 560 do Forglen 605 Whitsom do 3052 Gamrie 30206 Total Gartly( Banff division) Parish 51 do 1529 Grange do 2107 fnveraven do Inverkeithnie 503 Town 3284 Keith Parish 1332 Kirkmkhael SHIRE OF BUTE. do 1887 Marnock Mortlaeh do 1 876 Parish 506 do OrdJquhill 510 Ca-mbray do 2183 do 3901 Kilbride Rathven do 2996 Kihnory do l'"Rothiemay do 875 Kingarth Town 5231 35807 Rothesay Total

Dalrymple Dundonald

514 do 1240 do 2139 Town 1748 Parish 986 do 2560 Town 1724
Parish

Total

11791

APPENDIX
CAITHNESS'
Inhab.

A.
Inhab.

Dumbarton Gaol
Kilmaronock
Kilpatrick
(

3
Parish

879
1404 2844 3210 953 632 970
20710

Bower
Canisbay

Parish 1572

Easter or

New,

Dunnet
Halkirk Latheroh
Olrick

Reay
Thurso Wattin

Wick

1986 Dumbarton division) do 1366 Kilpatrick (West) do 2545 Kirkintilloch do 3612 Luss do 1127 Roseneath do 1541 Row do Town 3628 Parish 1246 Total Town 3986

do do do do do do

Total

22609

DUMFRIES-SHIRE.
...

CL AC KMANNANSHIRE.
'

Annan
Applegarth
Caerlaverock

Town 2570
Parish

Alloa

Town
do
divi-

5214
693

Clackmannan
Dollar

Parish 2961

Canoby
Closeburn

Logie (Clackma nnan

sion)

Tillicoultry

do do
Total

Cummertrees Dalton 1074 Dornock 916

Dry'sdale

10858 Dumfries

Dun score
Durisdeer Eskdalemuir

Ewes

CROMART
Cromarty
Fodderty (Cromarty
sion)
'

2208

Glencairn Graitney

691 1607 Town 7288 Parish 1174 do 1148 do 537 do 35S do 1403 do 1765
part

do do do do do do do

795 1014 2580 1679 1300

595

Halfmorton,

of the

Town
divi-

parish of

Langholm

Hoddam
844 Holywood Hutton & Corrie

Parish

Total

3052 Johnston
Keir Kirkcomiel

DUMBART(
Arroquhar
Bonhill Cardr^ss
.

Parish

Cumbernauld Dumbarton

do do do

470 2460 2549 1795

2541

Town

771 1096 1315 Kirkmahoe 904 Kirkmichael 1544 Kirkpatrick-Fleemi ng Kirkpatrick-Juxta 596 Town 2039 Langholm do 2053 Lochmaben Parish 1507 Middlebie Town 1619 Moffat Parish 1255 Morton do 705 Mouswald

do do do do do do do do do do do

497 1250 809 646 740

APPENDIX
Inbab.

A,

Mungo

(St.)

10973 Canongate do 5677 Tinwald Canongate Tolbooth 12 Tondergarth Charity Workhouse 74 Torthorwald College Church Parish 3264 Tynron Cuthberts (St.) do 29636 Wamphray Greyfriars (New) do 2541 Weater-kirk Greyfriars (Old) do 2230 High Church do 1931 Total 54597 Lady Yester's do 2125 Leith (North) do 3228 Leith (South) do 12044 Magdalen Asylum 28 North Church (New) Parish 1888 Old Church do 1920 EDINBURGHSHIRE. Royal Infirmary 190 Tolbooth Parish 2679 Parish 842 TronChurph Borthwick do 2120 do 1014 Calder (Mid) do 1185 Calder (West) Total 82560 409 Carrington or Primrose do Cockpendo 1681 do 1397 Collington do Corstorphino 840 Cramond (Edinburgh division) do 1403 ELGINSHIRE. do Cranston 895 Parish Crichtoa do 923 Abernethy 927 do 1112 Alves Currie do 1049 Town 3906 Birnie Dalkeith do 366 do 1161 Duddingstone Parish 1003 Bcharm Dallas Fala (Edinburgh division) do 818 234 Drainy do 1057 do do 1339 Glencross do 390 Duffus do 1113 Heriot do 320 Duthil Dyke & Moy do 1492 Inveresk and Musselburgh do 1123 Town 6604 Edenkeilhe Town 4345 Elgin Kirklistoun (Edinburgh diParish 3114 Parish 441 Forres vision) do do 1071 Kinloss 917 Kirknewton do 1432 Laswade do 3348 Knockandow Town 3565 Lhanbryd(St.Andr ews)do 799 Liberton do 1030 Parish 1328 Rafford Newbattle do 1521 Newton do 1060 Rothes do 1236 do 1705 Speymouth Pennycuick 843 do do Ratho 987 Spynie (New) do 1023 do 1876 Urquhart Stow do 855 Temple 26705 Total 40394 Total of country part
Parish

Penpont Ruthwell Sanquhar

644 966 do 996 Town 2350 Parish 980 do 484 do 703 do 563 do 423 do 638
Parish

CITY AND SUBURBS OF EDINBURGH,

Inhab.

do

Andrews

(St.)

APPENDIX
FIFESHIRE.
DISTRICT OF CUPAR.
Inhab.

A*.
InJiab.

Pittenweem

Town 1072
Total

22949

Abdie Abernethy

Parish
(

723
133 176
DISTRICT OF KIRKCALDY.
Abbotshall Auchterderran Auchtertool
Ballingry Burntisland
Parish 2501

Fife division)

(do) Aragask Auchtermuchty

Balmerino Ceres
Colessie

Criech Cults

2060 786 .Town 2352 Parish 930 405 do do 699

do do do do

do do do

Town
do do do

1045 396 277 1530

Dysart

5385
1466"

Cupar
Dairsie

Town
Parish
.

44-63

Kennoway

Dunbog
Falkland
Flisk

do

550 Kinghorn 232 Kinglassie.

2211
Kirkcaldy
Leslie

2308 Parish 908

Town
Parish
,

300
,

Town 3248. Parish 1609

do do

Kettle

Kilmany
Logie Monimall Moonzie

Newburgh
Strathmiglo

201 1936 Parish 1629

do do do do do

1889 Markinch 787 Scopnie 339 Wemyss 1066

3130
1681

Town 3264
Total

28748

Town

Total

23867

DISTRICT OF DUNFERMLINE.

Aberdour
DISTRICT OF ST. ANDREWS.

Town
Parish

126CT

Andrews

(St.)

Town
do do do do do
Parish

4'
!

Beath Carnock Dalgety Dunfermline

Saline Inverkeithing

Anstruther (Easter) Anstruther (Wester) Carnbee

Torryburn

613 860 890 Town 9980 Parish 945 Town 2228 Parish 1403
do do

Cameron
Craill

1'

Total

18179

Denino Ely
Ferry

Town
Parish

Forgan

Kemback
Kilconquhar Kilrenny Kingsbarns

do do

Town
do do do
Parish

2
1

FORFARSHIRE.
Abetlemno
Airly Arbirlot Aberbrothock
Parish

Largo
Leonards Leuchars
(

945
1041

St.

Monance Newburn

(St.)

do do do

do do

1050

Town 4943

Alyth( Forfar division) Parish 139

3X

APPENDIX
Tnhab.

A,
Inhale
Parish

Auchterhouse Barry
Brechin Caraldston

Parish

653 Strickathrow

Carmylie Cortachy Craig

sion)

&

Clova

886 Tannadice Town 5466 Tealing Parish 229 Vigean's (St.) do 892 do 906 do 1328
divi-

do

do do

Town
Total

593 1373 755 4243

99127

Cupar-Angus (Forfs r

D un
Dundee
Dunnichen
Essie & Farnell

do do

247 651

Town 26084
Parish 1049

Edzell (Forfar division) do

Nevay

Fearn
Forfar Forfar Gaol-

do do do

Town

HADDINGTO 905 638 576 Aberlady 448 Atholstonford 5165 Berwick (North)
Bolton
Dirleton

Parish

875
897. 1583-

do

Town
Parish

Glammiss
Glenisla

Guthrie
Inverarity Inverkeilor Kettins

Kingoldrum
Kinnell Kinnettles

2 do 1931 Parish 996 do 501 820 do do 1704 do 1207 do 577

do

252 1115
3951

Dunbar

Town
Parish

Fala (Haddington division)

Kirkden
Kirriemuir Lintrathen

do do do

783 567 674

4421

Town
Parish

do Lethnot & Navar LifF and Benvie (including

Lochie, & Forfar division of Invergowrie) do

919 489

120 749 1470 Town 4049 Humbie Parish 785 Innerwick do 846 Morham do 254 Oldhamstocks ( Haddington division) do 466 Ormistoun do 766
Garvald Gladsmuir Haddingtoa

do do

Pencaitland
Preston-kirk

do do

925
1471

2194 Prestonpans
541 Salton 908 Spott 318 Stenton 345 Tranent 939 Whitekirk

Town
Parish

do do do Lunan Lundie (Forfar division) do do Mains do Marytown do Menmuir do Monifieth do Monikie Town Montrose Montrose Gaol Parish Muirhouse do Newtyle do Oathlaw do Panbride do Rescobie

Lochlee Logie & Pert

1964 768

596 Whittingham 949 Yester 1407 1236 7974

1

502 620 Town 3046 Parish 925 do 65S do 929

do do
Total

29986

591 781

384 1583 870

211

INVERNESS
Parish 1058

Ruthven
Strathmartin

do do

503 Alvie

APPENDIX
Inhab.

A.

Ardersier

Ardnamurchan
division)

Parish 1041 (Inverness

KINCARDINESHIRE,
Inhah.

do do Barra do Bracadale Cromdale, Inverallan, and Abernethy (Inverness dido vision) do (do) Croy do Daviot & Dunlichty Dores, Boleskine, & Aberdo tarf do JDuimish do Glenelg do Glenmoriston

2165 Arbuthnot Parish 1925 Banchory Davinick (Kin1865 cardine division) do Banchory Tarnan do Benholme do 2187 Bervie Town 1039 Cyrus( St. )orEcclesgreig do 1818 Drumoak (Kincardine division)

942
1322 1465 1412 1068 1622 190

Parish Parish

3113 3327 2834 689 do 1932 Harries (1st division) do 1064 Harries (2nd do) Inverness( 1st division)Town 670 do 1715 Inverness (2nd do) do 1066 Inverness (3d do) do 52.81 Inverness (4th do)
Kilmalie
sion)

Dunnottar
Durries Edzell
sion)
(

Town 1973
605
107 1794 3687 2223 458 1204 937 1215 710 1530 1143 730 2
divi-

Kincardine

Fettercairn
Fetteresso

Fordoun Garvock
Glenbervie KinnefF & Katterline Lawrencekirk Maryculter

(Inverness

divi-

do

3241

do 2541 Kilnaanivaig Kilmorack (East division) Parish 1495

Kilmorack (West do) Kilmuir
Kiltarlity

Marykirk

Nigg
Strachan Stonehaven Gaol

do do do do do do do do do do do

do

Kincardine
Kingussie
Kirkhill

&

Laggan

do do do Abernethy do do do do

871

2555
2588Total

26349

530
1306 1582 1333
1321 1585

Moy &
Petty Portree

Dalarossie (Inver-

ness division)

Rothiemurchus
Sleat

Small

Isles -(Isle

do do do do do of Eigg)

KINROSS-SHIRE.
division)

2246 Arngask (Kinross 465 1903

Cleish

Parish

do
divi-

184 625 38

do
do Snizort do Strath Uist (South) (1st division)
Uist (South) (2nd do) Uist (North)

500

Forgandenny ( Kinross

sion) 2144 Fossaway and 1748

do
Tulliebole

Urquhart
Total

do do do do

2998 Orwell 1597 3010 Portmoak 1944

{Kinross division) Kinross

do

567

Town 2124
Parish 2036

do
Total

1151

6725

74292

3X2

APPENDIX
KIRKCUDB RIGHT ARTRY.
Anwoth
Balmacieilan

A.
Inhab.

SI 'EWInhab.

Lanark Lesmahagoe
Libberton

Town 4692
Parish

Parish

Balmaghie Borgue
Buittle

Cars e -fern Cclvend & Sou thwick Crossmichael

Dairy
Girthon
Kells

Avendale Kelton Blantyre Kirkbean Bothwell Kirkcudbright Town Cambuslang Kirkcudbright Gaol 1 Kirkgunzeon Parish 545 Cambusnethan Kirkmabreck do 1212 Da/serf Kirkpatrick-Durham do 10Q7 Dalziel Kirkpatrick-Irongray do 730 Glasford Lochrutton do 514 Hamilton ^Vfinnigaff do 1609 Kilbride Newabbey do 832 Monkland (East' Parton do 426 Monkland (Old) Rerrick do 1166 Shotts
Terregles

do do do do do do do do do do do do

554 Pettinain

969 Symington
820 863 496 1106 1084 832 1727 778 1905 696 2380
Walston Wistoun

&

Robertoun
Total

do do do do do

3070 706 430 308 383 757

23625
.

MIDDLE WARD.

Town 3623
do
1751

Town 3017
Parish 1558

Tongueland
Troquire

Twyneholm
Urr

510 Stonehouse 636 Total Town 2774 Parish 683 do 1719 UNDER WARD. Total 292
do do
Calder

1972 1100 611 953 Town 5908 Parish 2330 do 4613 do 4006 do 2127 do 1259

do do do do

34828

Parish 2120

LANARKSHIRE.
UPPEP witn

Carmunnock Govan
Rutherglen

do

700
6701.

Town
do
Total

2437
11958

Biggar Carluke Carmichael

Parish 1216

Carnwath
Carstairs

Covington Crawford Crawford-John

Culter

Dolphington Douglas Dunsyre Lumington

do do do do do do do do do

1756 832 2680 899 456 1671 712 369

231

CITY AND SUBURBS OF GLASGOW,

Barony Barony (East)

Parish 26710

Enoch

(St.)

Gorbals Middle
STorth

Town
do do

1730 ^Jorth West 352 South 375 South West

do do do do do do do do

5253 6404 3896 4338 8089 7401 4901 6594

APPENDIX
Inhab.

A.
Inhab*

West

Parish 3799 Burray

Cross, Burness,

Island

271

and North
Parish 1318

Total

77385

Ronaldshay Durness

Eday
Evie
Firth Flota

do do do
Parish Island Island Parish

LINLITHGOWSHIRE.
Abercom
'iJathgate

&

Fairay

Borrowstownness
Carriden
sion)

Grasmsay 814 Harray Town 2513 Holme do 2790 Hoy Parish 1493 Kirkwall,
Parish
divi-

660 718 812 632 284 179 725

871

do
Island
including;

244
2621 830 864

Olas

Cramond (Linlithgow
Dalmeny
Ecclesmachan

(St.)

Town
Parish

do do do
di-

8 Ladykirk

Kirklistoun (Linlithgow
vision)

do

Linlithgow Linlithgow Gaol Livingstone Queensferry Torpichen Uphall

Town
Parish

do 765 Orphir 603 do 303 Rendall Ronaldshay (South) do 1610 1206 Rousay & Eglishay Islands 1061 Parish 970 3594 Sandwick Island 744 2 Shapinshay
551
Stenness

Parish Island

640

Town
do do
Total

454 Stromness
Stronsay

Town 2223
924 709 Island 1624
do

Parish 1028

Whiteburn

786 Walls 1537 Westray

17844

Total

24445

SHETLAND

ISXES.

NAIRNSHIRE.
Ardclach Auldearn
Calder

Bressay,Burra,&Quarf Parish 1330 Delting do 1449 Dunrossness, Sandwick, & Parish 1256 Cunningsburgh Parishes 3201 do 1401

Croy (Nairn

division)

Moy
Nairn Urquhart

(do) (do)

Lerwick Town 1179 Nesting, Lunesting, Whal562 say, & Skerries Parishes 34 Northmaven Parish Town 2215 Sandsting do Parish 1610 Tingwall, Weisdale, and
do do do

1706
1941

2045 1493

Total

S257

Whiteness,

Unst

Parishes 1863 Island 2259

ORKNEY
Andrews
B'irse

and

SHETLANDParish

SHIRE.
(St.)

Walls, Sandness, & PapaStour Parishes 1817 Yell (North) &Fetlar do 1389 Yell (Mid & South) do 1576 Fair Isle 160

Fowla do
857
1451
Total

150

22379

do

APPENDIX
PEEBLES-SHIRE.
Inhab.

A.
Inhab.

Dull

Parish

Broughton Drummelzier
Eddleston

Parish

Glenholm
sion)

do do do do do

214 278 677 242

Dumbarny Dumblane
Dunkeld Dunkeld Dunning
Errol
(Little)

Inverleithen (Peebles divt-

Kilbucho

Kukurd
Linton

Lyne Manor
Newlands
Peebles Skirling

Stobo Traquair

Tweedsmuir

167 308 do 950 Town 2088 Parish 308 do 338 do 613 do 277

do do do do

524 342 327 1064

Forgandenny
Forteviot Fortingal

4055 1066 2619 Town 1185 Parish 2977 do 1504 do 2653 do 914 do 786 do 3875
do do

Fossaway

and Tulliebole (Perth division) do Foulis (Easter) do Foulis (Wester) Parish

Gask
Glendovan
Inchture Invergowrie
sion)

do do do
(Perth
divi-

745 348 1614 601 149 949

Total
-

8717
.

PERTI
"Aberdalgie Aberfoil
Parish

542

Town Abernethy Parish Abernyte Alyth (Perth livision )Town Parish Arngask (do) do Auchtergaven do Balquhidder do Bendochy do Blackford Blair-Athol & Strowan do
<

Blairgowrie Callander

Caputh
Cargill

Clunie Collace

Comrie
Crieff

Culross

711 1355 271 2397 204 2042 1377 860 1520 2848 Town 1914 do 2282 do 2097 Parish 1585 do 913 do 562 do 2458 Town 2876 do 1502
divi-

do

Cupar- Angus (Pert?

.sion)

do
Parish

Powally
Proii

do

2169 672 428

36 3346 Killin 2048 Kilmadock Town 3044 Kilspindie Parish 762 Kincardine do 2212 Kinclaven do 1035 Kinfauns do 646 Kinloch do 367 Kinnaird do 455 Kinnoul do 1927 Kippen (Perth division) do 474 Kirkmichael do 1568 Lecropt (Perth division) do 260 do Lethendy 345 Logie (Perth division) do 421 do 2890 Logierait Longforgan Town 1569 Parish Madderty 650 do Madois (St.) 295 do 1136 Martin's- (St.) Meigle do 946 do 2073 Methven do 1157 Monedie do 641 Monivaird do 1157 Monzie do 1908 Moulin do 538 Muckart do 2880 Muthil Town 2042 Ouchterarder Parish 1569 Port do 880 Rattray do 2009 Redgorton Rhynd 403 do

Kenmore

do do do

APPENDIX
Inhab.

A.
Inhab,-

Scoon Strowan Tibbermuir

Trinity-Gask
Tulliallan

Town 1670 Mearns

769 Paisley 2800 Port-Glasgow Parish 1337 Renfrew
Total

Parish 1714

do do do do

392 Neilston 1306 Paisley

Abbey

Weem

do 3796 do 14153 Town 17026 do 3865 Parish 2031

111488

Total

78056

TOWN OF PERTH
1st District

2nd do 3d do 4th do 5th do 6th do 7th do 8th do 9th do 10th do

1005 1202 576 483 1229 624 841 529 1134 516

ROSS-SHIRE.
Alness Applecross
Parish 1072

Avoch
Barvas Contin

do do do do

lfchd 12th do
13th 14th 15th 16th 17th

529 466
501 269 686 1424 1470 1394
Total

do do do do do Outwith do

Dingwall ToWn Edderton Parish Fearn do Fodderty ( Ross division) do Gairloch do Glenshiel do Killearnan do Kilmuir (Easter) do Kiltearn do Kincardine do
Kintail

1896 1476 2233 1944 1418

899
1528

945
1437 710
1131

14878 Kirkmichael Knockbain Lochalsh

Lochbroom
Lochcarron Lochs Logie (Easter) Nigg

RENFREWSHIRE,
Cathcart
Parish 1059

Rosemarkie Rosskeen do 1176 Stornaway Eaglesham do 3375 Tain Eastwood do 847 Tarbat Erskine Town 17458 Uig Greenock Houston & Killallan Parish 1891 Urquhart ( Ross division )do 2820 do 462 Urray Inch-Innan do 2083 do 1367 Jr.nerkip do 3751 Kilbarchan Total 53525 do 1130 Kilmalcolm Town 2955 Lochwmnoch

1703 1525 1865 do 1038 do 1234 do 1859 do 1606 do 3533 do 1178 do 1875 do 1031 do 1443 Town 1289 Parish 2074 Town 2974 do 2277 Parish 1343 do 2086

vi

APPENDIX

A;
Inhaij
Parish
248T

Roxburghshire.
DISTRICT OF HAWICK.
Inhab.

MackerstoiT Morbattle

Roxburgh Ashkirk ( Roxburgh diviSmallholm 348 Stitchel ( Roxburgh Parish sion) do 1382 sion) Cavers Town 2798 Sprouston Hawick Parish 320 Yetholm Kirkton
Roberton (Roxburgh,
sion )
divi-

do do do
divi-

785 949 446

506 1105
1011

do do do

Wilton

do do
Total

381 1307

Total

11592

65o&

DISTRICT OF JEDBURGH.

SELRIRKSHIRE.
Ancrum
Bedrule
Crailing

Parish 1222

Hobkirk Jedburgh Minto

Oxnam
Southdean

260 699 760 Town 3834 Parish 477 do 688 do 697

do do do
Total

Askirk (Selkirk
Etterick Gallashiels Inverleithen

division)

Parish

163'

Roberton
Selkirk

(do) (do) (do) (do)

(do)

do

Town
Parish

445 844
67.

Yarrow
8637

237 Town 2d8 Parish 1216

do

Total

5070

DISTRICT OF CASTLETOWN

AND MELROSE,
497 STIRLINGSHIRE. 829 Castletown 1781 Parish 1855 Lillies-leaf do 673 Airth do Lindean 787 do 174 Alva do Maxton 796 do 368 Baldernock do 1634 Melrose Town 2625 Balfron Both-kennar do 575 do 748. Total 6947 Buchannan Campsie Town 2906 Denny Parish 2033 Drymen do 1608 Dunnipace DISTRICT OF KELSO. do 948 Falkirk Town 8838 Parish Eckford 973 Fintry Parish 958 Ednam do 598 Gargunnock do 954 do Hounam 372 Killearn do 1039 Kelso Town 4196 Kilpatrick (East, Stirling Linton Parish division)403 90S do
Boswell's (St.)

Parish

Bowden

do do

APPENDIX
Kilsyth

A,
division)

Parish 1762
(Stirling

Reay (Sutherland

Kippen
Larbert Lecropt

division)

Parish

Logie
Muiravonside
Ninian's (St.)

(do) (do)

1248 Rogart Town 3269 Tongue 248 Parish do 671 do 1070

do

do do
Total

865 2022 1348

23117

Town
do
.

6*849

Polmont Slamannan
Stirling Stirling

Parish 2194

923
15

Town 5256
Parish

Gaol

WIGTONSHIRE.
Glasserton
Parish

Strathblane

734
50825

Total

Inch

Kirkcolm
Kirkinner

Kirkmaiden Kirkowan Leswalt

SUTHERLANDSHIRE.
Assint
Parish 2395

Luce (New) Luce (Old)

Mochrum
Penningham
Port-Patrick Sorbie Stonykirk Stranraer

Clyne
Criech

Dornoch
Durness
Edderachyli's

Far Golspy
Kildorian

Lairg

Loth

1643 1974 Town 2362 Parish 1208 do 1253 do 2408 do 1616 do 1440 do 1209 do 1374 do do

Whithorn Wigton

860 1577 1191 1160 1613 787 1329 368 1221 1113 2569 Town 1090 Parish 1091 do 1848 Town 1722 do 1904 do 1475

do do do do do do do do do do

Total

22918

3Y

APPENDIX

A.

A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE POPULATION OF SCOTLAND, IN THE YEARS 1755, 1790-8, AND 1801 ; WITH THE NUMBER OF MILITIA EACH COUNTY HAVE TO RAISE, AGREEABLY TO THE LAST ACT.
1755,
1

1790-8.
122,921 76,101 75.544 38,487 30,875 10,563 -24,802

180L
123,071 75,700 84,306 35,807 30,206 11,791 22,609 10,858 3,052 20,710 54,597 122,954 26,705 93,743 99,127 29,986 74,292 26,349 6,725 29,211 147,796 17,844 8,257 46,824 8,717 126,366 78,056 53,525 33,712 5,070 50,825 23,117 22,918
1,604,826

Militia.

Aberdeen,

2 Argyll, Ayr,
Banff,

....
.
.

116,836 63,291 59,268 36,521

24,94-6

640
364436'

6,866 22,215 8 Clackmannan, . . 9,003 . 5,163 9 Cromarty, 10 Dumbarton, . 13,857 11 Dumfries, 41,913 12 Edinburgh, 90,412 . 13 Elgin, 28,934 i. . 14 Fife, . 81,570 15 Forfar, 68,297 . 16 Haddington, . 29,709 . . 64,656 17 Inverness, , 24,346 18 Kincardine, 4,889 19 Kinross, 21,205 20 Kirkcudbright, 21 Lanark, 81,726 22 Linlithgow, . 16,829 23 Nairn, 5,694 24 * Orkney & Shetland, 38,591 25 Peebles, 8,908 118,903 26 + Perth, 26,645 27 Renfrew, 28 Ross, 42,493 . . 29 Roxburgh, 31,273 30 Selkirk, 4,368 38,813 31 Stirling, 32 Sutherland, ... . 2,774 33 Wigton, 16,466
Caithness,
. .

Berwick, Bute,

....
.
. .

179 155 61
121

...
. . .

'.

.... ....
. .

.... ....
. .
.

.....

.... .... .... .... .... ....

.

8,74g 5,284 18,408 53,729 122,655 26,080 87,250 91,001 28,966 73,979 26,799 5,302 26,959 125,254 17,570 6,054 43,239 8,107 133,274 62,853 50,146 32,020 4,314 46,663 22,961 20,983
1,527,892

56 16
107 284 645 13& 484 sir 154

384
136

35
151 751

94

45
653 404 270 178 25 163 100 119

Total,

1,265,380

7902

("1755 to 179 790-8, Increase from "[1790-8 to 1 801,

262,512 76,934
339,446
in conscr

Total increase in 46 years,

* Orkney and Shetland are exempted from the militia service, quence of furnishing a certain number of seamen for the navy.

-jThe return of the population of the town of Perth for 1801, stated at 14,878, is undoubtedly erroneous; for, in 1791, the population was 19,871 in 1798, about a 1,000 ; and, since the revival of the cotton manufacture, it is,supposed that the population has increased about a ? joo

APPENDIX,
TABLE
B.

k CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OV THE KINGS OF SCOTLAND, ACCORDING TO UCHA,NNAN.

Began
1
to reign

Began

to reign

before Christ.

Fergus

I.

2 Feritharis 3 Mainus 4 Dornadilla

5 Nothatus

330 305 290

261

6 Reutherus
7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17

233 213
187 173 161 137 107 98

Reuthra Thereus
Josina

Finnanus

Aidanus .575 Kenneth I. 605 51 Eugenius IV. 606 52 Farquhard or Fer chard
I.

43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Constantine I. Congallus I.

A. D. 457 479

Goranus or Conranus 501 Eugenius' III. 535 Congallus II. 558

Kinnatellus

574

11 Durstus

em
'

Evenus
Gillus

I,

Evenus Ederus Evenus

II..

79 77

60
III.

Metallanus

12 5

AD.
11.

18 Caratacus 19 Corbred I.

20 Dardanus
21 Corbred

34 54 72 76
111

53 54 55 56 57 58 53 60

Donald IV.

Farquhard II. Malduinus Eugenius V. Eugenius VI. Amberkelethus Eugenius VIL

638 652 670 690 694 704

Murdachus

61 Etfinus

62 Eugenius VIII.
63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
Fergus III.
Solvathius

22 Luctacus 23 Mogaldus 24 Conarus 25 Ethodius I. 26 Satrael 27 Donald I. 28 Ethodius II. 29 Athirco 30 Nathaiocus
31 Findochus
32

706 723 739 770 773 776

796 828 833 840 843 863 868 884 886 904 915 955
96*4

Angusianus or iEneas 354 Fethelmachus 357 Eugenius I. 360 404 40 Fergus II. 420 41 Eugenius II, 452 42 Dongardus

33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Donald Donald

II.

III.

Crathilinthus

Fincormachus

114 150 164 197 201 219 235 247 258 269 270 282 304
351

Achaius
Congallus Dongallus Alpinus
II.

Kenneth II. Donald V.

II.

71 Constantine

Romachus

72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Ethus Gregory Donald VI.

Constantine III.

Malcolm

I.

Indulphus Duffus Culenus

Kenneth

III.

973 978 982

994-

'

81 Constantine IV.

82 Grimus 83 Malcolm II. 84 Duncan I.

996 1006 1034

2

3Y

APPENDIX
to reign

B.
Began
to reign

Began

A.D.
1043 &5 Macbeth 36 Malcolm III, sirnamed Canmore 1057 1093 87 Donald VII. 88 Duncan II. usurped 1094 the crown Donald VII. restored 1095 : 1098 89 Edgar 1107 90 Alexander I. 1124 91 David I. 1153 92 Malcolm IV. 1165 93 William 1214 94 Alexander II. 1249 95 Alexander III. 1292 96 John Baliol
.

A. d!
1306 97 Robert Bruce 98 David II. 1330 99 Edward Baliol usurped the crown in 1332 100 Robert II. first of the Stuarts 1370 101 Robert III. 1390 1423 102 James I. 1437 103 James II. 1460 104 James III. 1489 105 James IV. 1514 106 James V. 1543 107 Mary 108 James VI. of Scotland 1567 & first of England 1604
.

TABLE

C.

PEERAGE OF SCOTLAND.

DUKES.
1643.

Queensberry, Marquis of DrumlanLord Douglas 1786. [Drumlanrig, Dumfries-shire ; Nidpathrig,

HAMILTON,

Duke

of

castle,

Peebles-shire.]

Hamilton, Duke of Brandon 1171, 1701. CAMPBELL, Duke of Marquis of Douglas and Clydes- Argyll, Marquis of Lorn, Lord dale. [Hamilton palace, Lanarkshire y Sundridge 1766. [inverar ay-castle,
Argyllshire ; Roseneath, Dumbar1673. SCOTT, Duke of Buc- tonshire.] cleugh, Earl of Doncaster 1662, Duke of A1703. Earl of Dalkeith. [Dalkeith-house thol, Marq. of Tullibardine, Earl and Smeaton, Mid-Lothian ; Lang- Strange 1786. [Dunkeld-hotife, Blair holm-lodge, Dumfries-shire.] and Tullibardine-castles, Perthshire.] Duke of 1675. LENNOX, Duke of Len1707. nox, Earl of March, Duke of Rich- Montrose, Marquis of Graham, mond 1675. [Goodwood, Sussex.] Earl Graham 1722. [Buchanan1684. Duke of Gor- house, Stirlingshire. don, Marquis of Huntly, Earl of 1707. KER,Duke of Roxburgh, Norwich 1784. [Gordon-castle and Marquis Beaumont, Earl Ker of [Fleurs, RoxHuntly-hdge, Banffshire ; Stratbbogie, Wakefield 1722. Aberdeenshire.] burghshire ; Broxmouth, Hadding1684. Duke of tqnshire.]
Kinniel-house, Linlithgowshire. ]

MURRAY,

GRAHAM,

GORDON,

DOUGLAS,

APPENDIX
MARQUISSES.
694. HAY, Marq. of Tweeddale, Earl of Gifford. { Tester-house
1

C.

of Abercorn in Great Britain 1790? Viscount Strabane in Ireland.

{Duddingstone-house,

Mid-Lothian

-5

Paisley-abbey, Renfrewshire.]

1619.
castle

ERSKINE,

Earl of
{Kellie-

and
'

Nenuhall, Haddingtonshire.]

Kellie, Viscount Fenton.

1701. KER, Marq. of Lothian, Earl of Antrum. {Newbattle-house, "Mid-Lothian ; Mount-Teviot-todge, Roxburghshire.]

and Combo-house,

Fifeshire.]

1619. HAMILTON, Earl of Haddington, Lord Binning. {Tyningham-bouse, Haddingtonshire.]

EARLS.
1399-

1623. STEWART, Earl of 'Galloway, Lord Gairlies, Lord Stewart of Gairlies 1796. {Galloway-house, Wigtonshire Gairlies,
;

LINDSAY CRAU;

EURD,

MAITLAND, Earl of Earl of Craufurd & LindGarncck. Crau n - Lauderdale, Viscount Maitland. {Lauder Fort, Berwickshire.] lodge, Fifeshire Kilbirny, Ayrshire. J 1633. HAY, Earl of Kinnoul, CARR, Earl of 1452. Errol, Lord Kay. {Slaines-castle, Viscount Duplin, Lord Hay 1711. {Ditplin-castle, Perthshire. Aberdeenshire. ] ] 1633. CRICHTON, Earl of 1456. SINCLAIR, E. of Caith{Barogill Dumfries, Lord Crichton. {Dumness, Lord Berriedale.
say, Viscount

Kirkcudbrightshire.] 1623.

HAY

*&

Castle-Sinclair, Caithness-shire.]

fries-house
1

1457.

DOUGLAS,

Earl of

Morton, Lord Aberdour, Lord Douglas of Lochleven 1791. {Dalmahoy and Addiston, Mid-Lothian ;
Aberdour-house, Fifeshire.]

and Ochiltree, Ayrshire.] 633. BRUCE, Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, Lord Bruce. {Broomhall, Fifeshire.] 1633. STUART, Earl of Traquair, Lord Linton. {Traquair-

ERSKIKE, Earl of Bu- house, Peebleshire.] 1469. 1633. chan, Lord Cardross. {Dryburghabbey, Roxburghshire ; Kirhhill, TERIS, Earl of Wemyss, Lord Elcho. {Amufeld & Gosford, FladLinlithgowshire.] R IE, dingtonshire ; Elcho, Perthshire.] 1503. 1633. RAMSAY, Fad of DalEarl of Eglintoun, Lord Mont{Eglintoun-castle, Ayr- housie, Lord Ramsay. {Dalhcusiegomerie.

WEMYSS CHAR.

MO NTGOME

shire.]

castle,

Mid-Lothian.]

1509.
Cassilis,
castle

KENNEDY,
STUART,

Earl of

Lord Kennedy. {Culzean

Earl of

1637. O VIE, Earl of Findlater and Seafield, Lord Deskiord.

{Cullen-house, Banffshire.]

GIL

and Maybole, Ayrshire.]

LESLIE, Earl of Leand Melvill, Lord Balgonie. Castle-Stuart 1796. {Dunabristle, {MehnU-house and Balgonie, Fife.] Drumsheugh, Mid-LoFifeshire ; 1646. TOLLEMACHE, Earl thian Darnivay-castle, Morayshire.] of Dysart, Lord Huntingtower.
1581.
1641.
ray,

Mo

Lord Doune, Lord Stuart of

ven,

1604.
shire.]

HOME,

Lord Dunglas.
1606. of Strathmore,

\_Hirsel,

Earl of Home, BerwickEarl

{In Engl'and..]

1646.
Selkirk,
IJle,

DOUGLAS,
Lord Daar.
{St.

Earl of

Kirkcudbrightshire ; Bctldorn, Lord Glammiss. Wigtonshire.] CARNEGY, Earl of 1647. { Glammiss-castk, Forfarshire. ] 1606. Earl of Northesk, Lord Rosehill. {Ethk~

LYON BOWES,
HAMILTON,

Marfs

Abercorn, Lord Paisley) Marquis

house, Forfarshire.]

APPENDIX
1651.
earras,

C.

LINDSAY,

Earl of Bal-

1706.
raine,

SCOTT,

Earl of Delo,

Lord Lindsay of Cummer[Balcarras-house, Fifeshire.]

Lord Hermitage.

land.

1660, Earl of Aboyne, Lord Strathaven. [AboyneVISCOUNTS. house, Aberdeenshire.} 1661. LIVINGSTONE, Earl 1620. CAREY, Viscount Falkof Newburgh, Viscount Kinnaird. land, Lord Carey. [In England. ~\ 1623. Viscount 1669. Earl of Stormont, Earl Mansfield 1792. Dundonald, Lord Cochrane. [Cul- [Camlongan-cajlle, Dumfries-shire ross-abbey, Perthshire.] Scone-palace, Perthshire.] FALCONER, 1677. 1641, VisEarl of Kintore, Lord Inverury. count Arbuthnot. [Arbuthnot-house, [Inglismaldie and Halherston, Kin- Kincardineshire.] cardineshire ; Keith-hall, Aberdeen1 662. Viscount

GORDON,

MURRAY,

COCHRANE,

KEITH

ARBUTHNOT,
OSBORNE,

shire.]

Dumblane.

1678.

CAMPBELL,

Earl of

Braidalbin, Viscount Glenorchay. [Taymouth, Perthshire j L/angton, Berwickshire.]

BARONS.

1652. Earl of A1440. FORBES, Lord Forbes, berdeen, Lord Haddo. [Ellon, [ Putachie, Aberdeenshire. Aberdeenshire. ] 1445. F R S E R, Lord Sal1686. Earl of toun. [Philortlu Aberdeenshire.] 1445. Lord Gray. Dunmore, Lord Fincastle. [Dun-

GORDON,

MURRAY,

GRAY,

more-park, Stirlingshire.]

1701.

CARMICHAEL, Earl

[Kinfauns, Perthshire, Gray, Forfarshire.]

and

Castle-

of Hyndford, Lord Carmichael.

[Hyndford-house and Mauldslie-castle, Lanarkshire.]

Earl Viscount Dalrymple. [Stair-house, Ayrshire ; Neivliston, Linlithgowshire.] PRIMROSE, Earl of 1703. Viscount Primrose. Roseberry, [_Barnbougle,L,mlithgowshire; Primrose, Mid-Lothian.] BOYLE, Earl of Glas1703. gow, Lord Boyle. Hawkhead, Renfrewshire ; Kellbitrn, Ayrshire.] Earl of 1703. Portmore, Lord Milsington. 1703. STUART, Earl of Bute, [MountMarquis of Bute 1796. Stuart, Isle of Bute; Culhorn,Wig1703.

DALRYMPLE,

of

Stair,

1445. Lord Cathcart. [Shaw-park, Clackmannanshire.] 1489. ST. CLAIR, Lord Sinclair. [Hermandston, Haddingtonshire.]

CATHCART,

ple.

1489. SEMPLE, Lord Sem[North Barr, Renfrewshire.] 1509. ELPHINSTONE, Lord Elphinstone. [Cumbernauld-house

and

Elphinstone, Stirlingshire.]

COLLIER,

SANDILANDS, Lord 1509. Torpichen. Mid[Calder-house, Lothian.] SOMERVILLE, Lord 1509. Somerville. [In Devonshire and Wiltshire, England.^ Lord 1606. Blantyre. \_Erskine-house, Renfrew-

STEWART,

tonshire.]

shire

; ;

Liddington,

Haddington-

JOHNSTON, 1703. Earl of Hopetoun, Lord Hope. \_Hopetov.n-house, Linlithgowshire ; Rachitis, Dumfries-shire ; Qrmslon, Haddingtonshire.^]

HOPE

shire

Blantyre, Lanarkshire.]

vill

1609. COLVILL, Lord Colof Culross. [Ckish, Kinross-

shire.]

APPENDIX
1609. Cranston. 1627. NAPIER,

C.

CRANSTON,

Lord

Marquis, Johnston, Annandale, D. 1792,

Lord Napier.

lWUto7i-lodge, Selkirkshire.]

1627. FAIRFAX, Lord fax of Cameron. 1627. M'KAY, Lord Reay. \_Durness, Sutherlandshire.] 1635. Lord Kirkcudbright. ^Kirkcudbright.'] 1642. OGILVIE, Lord Banff.

Earls, Keith, Marischal, A. 1715. Fair- Erskine, Marr, A. 1715.

Graham, Monteith, D. Cunningham, Glencairn, D.

Maxwell, Nithsdale, A. 1715. Seton, Winton, A. 1715. Livingstone, Linlithgow, A. 1715.

M'LELLAN,

Drummond,

\_Indrtter,

Banffshire].

Perth, D. 1715. Seton, Dunfermline, A. 1690.

1643. Lord Elibank. \_Ballincrief, Haddingtonshire ; Darnhall, Peebles-shire.] 1648. Lord

MURRAY,

HAMILTON,

Fleming, Wigton, D. M'Kenzie, Seaforth, A. 1715. Alexander Stirling, D. Carnegie, Southesk, A. 1715.

{IVisha'w, Ker, Ancrum, conjoined with Lo^ thian. Lanarkshire.] 1651. ROLLO, Lord Rollo. Ogilvie, Airly, A. 1715 & 1745. Dalzel, Carnwath, A. 1715. \Duncrub, Perthshire.] 1651. V EN, Lord Livingstone, Callander, A. 1715. Ruthven. \_Freeland-house, Perth- Maule, Panmure, A. 1715. shire; Ruthven-house, Fifeshire] Bruce, Kincardine, conjoined with 1661. Elgin. Lord Ballenden. \_In Hampshire, Eng- Douglas, Forfar, E. land."} Boyd, Kilmarnock, A. 1745. 1682. Lord Douglas, Dumbarton, E. Kinnaird. \_Drimmie, Perthshire.] Melvill, Melvill, conjoined with

Belhaven and Stenton.

RUTH

BALLENDEN,

KINNAIRD,

Leven.

PEERESSES
IN

Doug- f
las,

THEIR OWN RIGHT.

Ruglen,") conjoined with March, j Queensberry. Ogilvie, SeaSeld, conjoined wr ith

1275. Countess of Sutherland. \_Dunrobin-castle, Sutherlandshire.] 1457. LESLIE, Countess of Rothes. [I,es lie-house, Fifeshire.] 1633. CAMPBELL, Countess of Loudon.] Lou don-castle, Ayrshire.]

SUTHERLAND,

Findlater.

M'Kenzie, Cromarty, A. Campbell, Hay, E.

1745,-

Home, Marchmont, D.
Viscounts,

Constable, Dunbar, E.

Gordon, Kenmore, A. 1715* Seaton, Kingston, A. 1715.

M'Gill, Oxenford,

1695.

HAMILTON,

Countess

D.

of Orkney. Kilsyth, A. 1715. 1633. FORRESTER, Baron- Livingstone, Graham, Preston, D. ess Forrester of Corstorphine. Cheyne, Newhaven, E.

Ingram, Irvine, E.

Drummond,

Strathal.

A. 1745.
with Kin-

ATTAINTED, DORMANT, and Rutherford, Teviot, E. EXTINCT PEERS. Hay, Duplin, conjoined
Peers Attainted marked A. mant Extinct E.

Dor-

noul.

Duhe, Douglas, Douglas, E,

Craufurd, Garnock, conjoined with. Craufurd. Primrose, Primrose, conjoined with Roseberry.

APPENDIX
Baronf,

&

Stewart, Ochiltree,

D.
Z).

Douglas, Mordington,

Elphinston, Cupar, E: Richardson, Cramond, D. Forbes, Pitsligo, A. 1745.

Fraser, Fraser, E.

OlipUant, Oliphant, D. Fraser, Lovat, A. 1745. Borthwick, Borthwick, D. Ross, Ross, E. Lindsay, Spynie, D. Leslie, Lindores, D. Elphinston, Balmerino, A. 1745. Erskine, Cardross, conjoined with

Hamilton, Bargeny, E.
Falconer, Halkerton, conjoinedwitk Kintore. Sandilands, Abercrombie, E. Sutherland, Duffus, A. 1745. Colvill, Ochiltree, D. Rutherford, Rutherford, D.
Leslie,

Buchan.

Newark, D.

Balfour, Burleigh, A. 1715.: Nairn, Nairn, A. 1745. Ker, Jedburgh, conjoined with Churchill, Eyemouth, E. Lothian. Abercrombie, Glasford, Ej Drummond, Maderty, E. Carlyle, Carlyle, Z>. Dingwall, Preston, A. 1715,

TABLE
PARLIAMENT.

D.
TP'

THE DISTRICTS OE ROYAL BOROUGHS WHICH SEND MEMBERS

Edinburgh city, Aberdeen, Aberbrothock, Bervie, Montrose, and Brechin, Ayr, Irvine, Inveraray, Rothe. say, and Campbelltown, Anstruther Easter and Wester,
Crail, Kilrenny,

*'.<.!
1

Dumfries, Sanquhar, Annan, Lochmaben, and Kirkcudbright,

-

...

Inverness, Fortrose, Nairn, and Forres ; . . . . . . Kirighorn, Dysart, Kirkcaldy,

1
1

weem,

.......
Elgm,
. . . .

and

Pitten-

and Burntisland,
1

...

Banff, Cullen, Kintore,

Jedburgh, Haddington, Lauder, Dumbar, and North Berwick,

Selkirk,
1

and Inverury,
Dunfermline,
ferry,

Stirling, Culross, Inverkeithing,

Peebles, Lanark,
.

.......
.

and Queens1

Linlithgow,

....
.

and
I
1

Stranraer, WigtOri, Whithorn,

Perth, Dundee, Forfar, St. drews, and Cupar-Fife,

An1

Kirkwall,

Glasgow, Renfrew, Ruther. glen, and Dumbarton,

Galloway, . Dingwall, Wick, and Dornoch, . .

Tain,

and

New

APPENDIX.

TABLE

E.

THE REAL AND VALUED RENT OF SCOTLAND, BV COUNTIES.

Real Rent,
SfSrlingi

Aberdeen,
Argyll,
.

Ayr,
Banff,

Berwick,
Caithness,

Bute and Arr

Clackmannan
Cromarty,

Dumbarton,
Dumfries, Edinburgh,
Elgin,
Fife,
.

Forfar,

L. 135,652 112,752 165,800 43,490 118,800 9,000 19,960 14,200 7,000 34,25o 109,700 151,500 41,420 174,900 122,000
86,-960

....

.....
.

.....

Haddington, ' o
Inverness,

Kincardine, Kinross, . Kirkcudbright,

Lanark,

Linlithgow, Nairn, . .

Orkney and Shetland

Peebles,
.

Perth,

Renfrew,
Ross,
.

Roxburgh,
Selkirk,
Stirling,
.

Sutherland,

Wigton,

70,530 38,500 12,710 96,730 127,000 44,330 8,000 18,500 29,820 230,900 63,950 38,711 102,350 26,320 86,720 9,754 53,890
L.2,406,099

..... .....

L. 235,665 149,595 191,605 79,200 178,365 15,022 37-256 . 26,482 12,897 . 33,327 158,627 19,1054 65,603 362,584 171,636 168,878 73,188 74,921 20,192

Valued Rent, Scois 8 11

10

7
3| 8 2 10 10 10 2 8 19 10 3 9
13

5 5

O
5 10 9
1

11

4 2

.....
.

114,571 162,118 74,931 15,163 56,551 51,937

.....

..... .....
.
. .
. .

339,818 68,076 75,040 315,594 80,307 108,518 26,193 67,646

19 3 16 11 19 10 12 9 1 3 10 5 8 15 2 10 3 14 6 15 6 8 9 9 9 17 O 5 2|

Total,

Total, L.3,802,574 10
or, sterling,

L.S16,881

The foregoing table was made out by ascertaining the proportion the real rent bore to the valued rent in the different parishes. In two or three counties, however, a deviation was made from that general rule
of computation.

As the real rent of several parishes has considerably increased since the statistical accounts of them were drawn up, the total rental of Scotland (exclusive of houses) must now exceed L. 2,500,000 Add rent of houses, at the moderate computation of 26s. to
each family, and estimating the number of families in Scotland at 350,000 ,
3

612,500
3,112,500

Total,

APPENDIX,

TABLE

F.

PRINCIPAL ROADS OF SCOTLAND,

IN

MEASURED MILES FROM EBINBURGH, &C*

Total

Total
VII. To Lanark.
Little

I.

To Jedburgh.
6 8
11

Dalkeith
Blackshiels

Vantage

11

Lauder
Flyboat Jedburgh
II.

14 Carnwath 25 Lanark

14 6

9
11

34 45

By
'

another Road.

VIII. To Ayr. Carnwath, No 7 Douglas-Mill

Middleton Bankhouse Melrose

Jedburgh

12 9 14

Douglas
21

Cumnock

25 13 2 20
15

U
III.

35 Ayr 46

To Dumfries.
16 16
1

Linton Crook-Inn
Bield-Inn

Moffat

Lochmaben
Dumfries

15 16
1

IV. By another Road. 48 Moffat, No 3 Dumfries, by Johnstonmulr 24

V. By another Road. 16 Peebles 12 Bield-Inn 16 15 Moffat 24 Dumfries, No 4

IX. To Port-Patrick. Ayr, No 7 75 Maybole 8 10 32 Girvan 10 33 Ballintrae 1 48 Stranraer 64 Port-Patrick 5 74 X. To Ayr, another Road. Mid-Calder 12 Whiteburn 9 7- New-Inn 10 Holytoun-Inn 2 Hamilton 5
Strathaven

Howgate

22 Newmills 13 38 Ayr 17 53 XI. To Glasgow. 77 Holytown, No 10 33

Glasgow
1

VI. Wlgion and Whithorn. Bridge-house Inn 16 Biggar 11 27 18 45 Leadhills Penpont 15 60 Monyhi/ve 65 5 New Galloway 13 78 18 Newton-Douglas 96 Wigton 103 7 11 Whithorn 114
i

XII. By another Road. Uphall 12 West Craigs 10 Airdrie 10 Glasgow 1

XIII. By mother Road.
Kirkliston

Linlithgow

8 8

16

APPENDIX
1 "otal
V.iikirk

F.
Total
11

Cumbernauld
Glasgow

8 10 13
Inveraray.

24 Weems-Kirk 34 Tummel-Bridge 47 Dalnacardoch

12 10
13 12 18 9 26 9

XIV. To
Glasgow, No
1 1

Dalwhinny Garviemore
Fort Augustus

44
15 13 8 14 9

Dumbarton
Liuss

Tarbet

59 Unach-lnn 72 Raatachan 80 Bernera

94j

77 89 99 112 125 143 152 178 187

Cairndow
Inveraray

103

XV. By another Road. Tyndrum,iVo 18 87 Dalmally 12

Inveraray

J
|

16
Greenock.

99 115

XXII. To Thurso. Queensferry 9 North Queensferry 1 Maryburgh 11 Kinross 4 Perth 15 Inver-Inn 15

Blair-Inn

10 21

XVI. To Glasgow, No 11 Renfrew Port-Glasgow

Greenock

20
10 13 14 13 18 12 10 9 14 12 9 8

25 40 55 15
.85

44
'6

13 3
Stirling.

Dalnacardoch 50 Dalwhinnie 63 Pitmain 66 Aviemore Dalmagarie

Inverness

9S

XVII. To
Falkirk,
Stirling

No

13

24
11
William,

35

XVIII. To Fort
Stirling,

Beauly Dingwall Invergordon Tain

No

17

35
8
.8

Dornoch
43 51 65 87 105 127

Doune
Callander

Locherne-bead

14

Tyndrum
King's-house Inn Fort William

22
18

Golspy Kirk Helmsdale Dunbeath Poakmast

.

Wick
Thurso

22

112 125 143 155 165 174 188 200 209 217 17- 234 14 248 9 257 12 269 20 289

XXIII. To Kirkwall, Orkney. Wick, No 22 269 }S 112 John-o'-Groat's Buna 17 286 Burwick, by water 18 304 Carra XX. To Campbelltoivn. 9 313 Inveraray, No 14 103 Watersound 1 314 Lochgilphead 22 125 Hamsound 5 319 140 Kirkwall West Tarbet 15 8 327 24 164 Barr Campbelltown 12 176 XXIV. To Fort Gt 'orge. Perth, No 22 40 XXI. To Fort Augustus sf' Bernera. Cupar of Angus 13 53 Stirling, No 17 35 Blairgowrie 4 57 41 Spittal of Glenshee Dumblane 18 6 75 Crieff 14 15 55 Castle of Brasmarr. 90 Amulrie 11 1 66 Kienloan 27 1117
Dalmally,
1
|

XIX. To Buna. No 15 99
'

<

2?

APPENDIX
Camdelmore Grantown
Balvaird Inn Bridge of Dulsie Fort George

F.
Fife

Total 4 121 12 133 1 134 13 147 16 163

Cupar of

Woodhaven
Dundee, by water Aberbrothock Montrose
Inverbervie

Total 29 9 38
2 18 12 13 9 14

40
58 70 83 92 106

XXV.
Perth,

To Fochabers.

Stonehaven
Aberdeen

No 22 Cupar of Angus
Meigle
-

40
13 5 7

Glammiss Or by Newtyle 2
Forfar Brechin
Fettercaira Cuttie'shilloek

miles less

5 12 10 12
7
1

53 58 XXIX. To Fraserburgh, 65 Aberdeen, No 28 106 Ellon 16 122 70 Peterhead 16 138 82 Fraserburgh 155 1 92 104 XXX. To Cupar of Fife, by another
111
road.

Kincardine-O'neil

Boat of Forbes

Huntly
Keith
Fochabers

16 10 8

123 Kirkcaldy, 139 Kennoway 149 Cupar % 157

Cupar,
St.

No 28

12 8
8

20

XXVI. To Old Rain. Fettercaim, No 35 2

Cobleheugh-Boat

XXXI. To No 28

St.

Andrews.

29
38

Monymusk
Old Rain

17 15
II

9 109 XXXII. To Crall 124 12 135 Kirkcaldy, No 28 Dysart 2

Easter

Andrews

XXVII. To
Brechin,

Aberdeen, Banff, Inverness.

Wemyss

Leven
82
11

No 25

Laurencekirk Stonehaven
Aberdeen

14 14
17 12 5 10 6 5 12 9 12 10 16

Pittenweem 93 Anstruther 107 Kilrenny 121 Crall

138

4 12
1
1

14 17 21 33 34 35 38

Old Meldrum
Chapel of Seagate Turreff BanfPortsoy Cullen Fochabers Elgin
Forres

XXXIII. To Dunfermline. 150 10 155 North Queensferry 6 165 Dunfermline

I

16

171

Nairn
Inverness

XXXIV. To Perth. 176 21 188 New-Inn, No 28 18 197 Perth 209 XXXV. To Bo-ness. 219 9 235 Queensferry Bo-ness 9
North Queensferry 9 Culross 12 Clackmannan
8

39

I!

XXVIII. By
Leith Harbour Pettycur do King-horn Kirkcaldy

another Road.

2 6
1

XXXVI. To Claclmannan and Stirling.

10
11

21

New-Inn

21

AUoway
Stirling

7 2
7

28 30 37

APPENDIX
Total

F.
Perth
to Killin, by

XXXVII.
Prestonpans Cockenzie

To North Berwick.
8

XLV. From
Dunkeld
Logierait

Total Ken-

more.

2
5 7
Dunse.
j

Aberlady
North Berwick

Kenmore
Killin

14 8 15 16
Perth
to

22

37 53

XXXVIII. To
Haddington Longformacus
Dunse

17 16
7

XLVI. From
33

Aberdeen, ly

Montrose.

40

Newtyle

Glammiss
Forfar Brechin

XXXIX. From Glasgow to Dumfries.

Kingswell Galston Machlin
14 8 7 7 5 12 13 15
another Road.

Montrose 22 Inverbervie 29 Stonehaven

36 Aberdeen 41

Old Cumnock

New Cumnock
Sanquhar Penpont
Dumfries

17 6 5 12 8 13 9 14

23

28 40 48
61

70 84

53 XLVII. From Greenock to Ayr. 66 Largs 15 81 Saltcoats 13 28 Irvine 35 7

XL.
Elvanfoot, Thornhill

jSty

Ayr
58 74

1 1

46
Fort

No 41

42
16 16

XLVIII. From
General's Hut Fort Augustus Letterfinlay Fort William

Inverness

to

Dumfries

William.
1

XLI. Frem Glasgow

Hamilton
Douglas-Mill Elvanfoot Moffat

to Carlisle.

Dinwoodie
Ecclesfechan

Gretna
Carlisle

18 IS 13 10 13 10 13
to

61 29 42 55 XL IX. From Port-Patrick to Carlisle. 6 65 Stranraer 10 16 78 Gleniuce 16 32 88 Newton-Douglas 17 49 101 Gatehouse of Fleet

14 14 15

32 46

XLII. From Glasgow

Kingswells

Kilmarnock Ayr

Ayr. 14 8

Carlingwork Dumfries

Annan Langtown
Carlisle

12
to Stirling.

13 17 17 13 9
to

62 79
96 109 118

L. From Edinburgh

Newcastle, by

XLIII. From Perth

Crieff

Kelso.

Dumblane
Stirling

17 15 6
Perth

Blackshiels or

Haugh

14
11

32 Lauder 38 Kelso

25
41

XLIV. From
Rait Dundee

to

Dundee.

10 12

Mindrum-Mill Wooller Rimeside Moor-house 22 Morpeth

Newcastle

16 9 10

50 60
76
90-

16 14 14

104

APPENDIX.

TABLE

G.
1

PRINCIPAL FAIRS IN SCOTLAND .

JANUARY.
Alrdrie, 2nd

Dunoon,

2,nd

Wednefday, OJL

Tuefday

Ecclesfechan, Friday after nth Falkland, laft Thurfday, S

Arbroath, 31ft Ayr, 1 ft Tuefday,

Crieff,

OS

2nd Tuefday Cupar in Fife, ift Thurfday Drumblade, 2nd Tuefday, O S Dunfermline, 3d Wednefday, O S Dunkeld, 21ft Dunoon, 2nd Wednefday^ O S
Ecclesfechan, Friday after the
Falkirk, laft Thurfdav Falkland, 2nd Thurfday, Gartmore, 8th

Forfar, laft Wednefday Forres, ift Wednefday, S Fyvie, Faften's Even, S

Gienfhee, 3d Tuefday Hamilton, 2nd Thurfday

Invernefs,

nth, or Wednefday

after

nth

Kilmarnock, Faften's Even Kirktown of Alford, laft Tuefday Kirktown of Weem, and Tuefday Lanark, laft Tuefday
Largs, ift Tuefday Linlithgow, 25th Lockerbie, 2nd Thurfday, r.lon ym'ulk, 2nd Wednefday Nairn, 18th Old Deer 3d Thurfday, S
;

OS
OS OS

Glafgow, 2nd Monday Grantovvn, ift Tuefday, Hamilton, laft Tuefday,

Kilfyth,

OS

2nd
ift

Kilwinning, 21ft

Kippen,

Wednefday
Friday
after

Laurencekirk, 3d Linlithgow, ift

Tuefday Lochmaben, laft Tuefday, O S Lockerbie, 2nd Thurfday, O S Machlin, laft Wednefday* O S
Muthil, 19th Old Deer, 3d Thurfday,
Peebles, 2nd

3d Thurfday Rattray, ift Tuefday, O S Ruthven cf Badenoch, 2nd Tuefday and Shocts, ift Tuefday, OS Spittal of Gienfhee, 22nd, O S
Paifley,
Stirling, ift

Friday

Strichen,

laft

Thurfday,

OS

Tarbert, 3d Tuefday Wigton, ift Friday,

OS

Old Meldrum, 2 nd Tuefday, Tuefday

20th
ift Thurfday Tuefday after ift

OS
MARCH.
Alyth, Uuefday after 2nd Tkirfdav,

St. Fillan's, at Killin,

Strathaven,

Tain,

ift

OS

Turreff,

laft

Tuefday,

OS

Auchterarder, ioth, O S Berwick, ift Saturday

Blairgowrie, 3d Wednefday Bucklyvie, 2nd Tuefday, Calder, 2nd Tuefday Callander, ioth,

FEBRUARY.
Abernethy, 12th
Airdrie, 2nd Tuefday Alyth, Faften's Even Banff, ift Tuefday, S Blair in Athol, ift

OS

OS

Comrie, aift
Cornhill, ift

Monday

Bucklyvie, and Tuefday Carluke, ift Thurfday

Cupar in Fife, ift Wednefday, Dornoch, ift Wednefday Dcune, nth

OS

Dornoch, 3d Wednefday Dumbarton, 3d Tuefday Dumblane, ift Wednefday, O S Dunfermline, 2nd Wednelday Dunkeld, 8th Dunfe, ift Wednefday
Ecclesfechan, Friday after
Falkirk, ift Thurfday Foulis, nth and 19th

nth

Drummochie,
jjunkeld, 3d

ift

Friday

>umfries, 24th

Galaftuds, 3d Wednefday,

N$

APPENDIX
Glafgow, Thurfday before Eafter Jnverkeithing, ift Wednefday Kelfo, ift Friday

G.
ift
ift

Kenmore,

ift

Tuefday,

OS
O
S

Kilty th, ift Tuefday Kinrofs, 3d Wednefday, Kirkpatrick, 17th or 18th Ladykirk, 25th,

OS

Lockerbie, 2nd Thurfday,

OS

Tuefday, O S New Calloway, ift Wednefday, O S Old Aberdeen, Thurfday before Eafter Old Deer, 2nd Tuefday, O S Perth, ift Friday fay, laft Wednefday, O S Rutherglen, laft Friday, O S Saline, 3d Wednefday
Selkirk, 15th

Milnathort, New Deer,

Wednefday,

OS

Marnoch,

ift

Tuefday and Wednef-

day, S Melrofe, Thurfday before Eafter

Shotts,
St.

laft Tuefday, O S Andrews, 2nd Thurfday,

OS

Mid-Calder, 2nd Tuefday Moulin, ift Tuefday Nairn, ift Tuefday Old Deer, 2nd Thurfday,

St. Boniface, ift

Wednefday

Stewarton,
Stricken,

laft

Friday,

laft

Tuefday,

OS OS

OS

Tarbrax,

ift ift

Tuefday Pennycuick, 3d Friday

Peebles,
ift

Wigton,

Wednefday Monday, O S

Perth, ift Friday Rutherglen, ift Friday, Selkirk, 25th, O S

Strathaven,
ift

OS

MAY.
Aberdeen, ift Tuefday Abernethy, 4th Wednefday Airdrie, 3d Thurfday, O S Amulrie, ift Wednefday Ardnachyle, 19th

Thurfday

Tain, 3d Tuefday
Thornhill, 20th, S TurrerT, laft Tutfday,

OS

Ardnamurchan, 19th

APRIL.
Anftruther Eafter,
ift

Auchtergaven, laft Wednefday Banff, 3 d Tuefday, O S

Tuefday

after

Bathgate,

ift

Wednefday

after terir-,

nth
laft Tuefday Auchtermuchty, ift Thurfday Bathgate, 2nd Wednefday Brechin, 3d Wednefday Carlops Green, 23d Crofsgates, laft Tuefday Cupar in Angus, Thurfday before

OS
Berwick, 2nd Wednefday Byth, 4 th Tuefday, OS Callander, ift Thurfday, OS, and i?tH

Auchtergaven,

NS

Carluke, 21ft
Carftairs, ift Thurfday, Comrie, ift Tuefday Cottown, 3d Thurfday, O S Crofsgates, 4th Wednefday Cumnock, laft Tuefday, O S

OS

Eafter

Cupar in Fife, ift Wednefday, O S Dumbarton, Thurfday before Eafter Dunfermline, 4th Wednefday
Ecclesfechan, Friday after nth Elgin, Thurfday before Eafter Falkland, laft Thurfday, S
Fettercairn, Forres, hnd Fortrofe, ift

Cupar in Fife, laft Wednefday, Doune, 2nd Wednefday

Drimtavickillichattan, 13 th

OS

O laft Tuefday, O S Wednefday, O S

Wednefday

Dumbar, ift Tuefday, after 26th Dumbarton, 3d Tuefday Dumblane, laft Tuefday Dunning, 4th Tuefday
Dyfkrt, 6th Ecclesfechan, Friday after Elgin, 4th Tuefday Ellon, iftTuefday, S

Grantown, laft Tuefday, O S Kennoway, ift Thurfday, O S Kippen, 2nd Wednefday

Lanark,
laft

nth

Wednefday

Langholm, 16th Leflie, ift Tuefday, O S Leuchars, 2nd Wednefday, O S Leven, 2nd Wednefday, O S Linlithgow, 3d Friday Lochmaben, laft Tuefday, O S Lockerbie, 2nd Thurfday, O S Melrofe, Thurfday before Eafter

Thurfday Forgandenny, laft Thurfday, O S Gartmore, 16th Glammifs, ift Wednefday, after 26tk Glafgow, in Whitfunday week Glendaruell, Monday before WhitFalkirk, 3d

funday Greenlaw, 22d

APPENDIX
Hamilton, Friday after 15th,

G.

OS

Kawick,

17 th Herriot-houfe,

ift Friday after 26th Houfton, 2nd Tuefday Jedburgh, Tuefday after Whitfun-

Brechin, 2nd Wednefday Bridge of Tilt, 25th Buddy vie, 26th

Ceres

in Fife,

24th

Collinfburgh, 2nd Friday

Tuefday
Inverkeithing, 3d Thurfday Ifland of lilay, 18th

Culfalmond,
nefday,

laft

Tuefday, and

OS OS

Wed-

Cupar

in Fife, 25th,

Kilconquhar, 14th
Killin, Braidalbin, 12th

Dull, 9th

Tuefday, O S Kilfyth, laft Thurfday Kinglaffie, $d Wednefday, O S Kippen, 36th Kirktown of Weem, 2nd Tuefday
Kilmarnock,
ift

Dunning, 20th Dunn's Mar, 3d Wednefday Dunfe, ift Tuefday after Trinity, and ift Thurfday Dyfart, 3d Tuefday

Earlfton, 29th

Kinlochfcriden, 16th Lambden, 29th

Ecclesfechan, rft Tuefday after Ellon, ift Tuefday,

nth

OS

Lanark,

OS Tuefday, O S Lockerbie, 2nd Thurfday, O S

laft

Wednefday,

Langholm,

laft

Eyemouth, ift Thurfday Falkirk, 2nd Thurfday

Falkland 3d Thurfday, O S, and a6tfe Forfar, 26th Forres, 25th and 26th, S Fort Auguftus, 2nd Monday

Lufs, 24th,

OS

Machlin, and Tuefday, O S Muthil, 6th Newmills, 3d Tuefdav, O S Old Deer, 2nd Thurfday, O S
Paifley,

Fortrofe, 3d

Foulden,
Gifford,

3d Thurfday Peebles, 2nd Wednefday Peterhead, 3d Tuefday, O S Pitleffie, 2nd Tuefday, O S

Wednefday Wednefday, 3d Tuefday

laft

OS
Whitfun-

Glafgow, day

ift

Monday

after

Glenfhee, ift Tuefday, O S Gordonfburgh, 2nd Wednefday Graitney try ft, 2nd Thurfday Rutherglen, ift Tuefday after Trinity Grantown, ift Friday, O S Hamilton, laft Thurfday, O S Sundav Jedburgh, ift Tuefday after Whitfun* Shotts, ift Tuefday, O S Tuefday Skirling, Tuefday before 12th, and 3d Inverkeithing, 3d Thurfday Tuefday after the nth Kenmore, Braidalbin, 28th St. Andrews, 22nd, O S Kinghorn, laft Friday Stewartown, laft Tuefday, O S Stirling, laft Friday Kinrofs, ift, O S

Wednefday Renfrew, 3d Tuefday

Portree,
laft

Stranraer, ift Friday Strichen, 2nd Tuefday, Sunart, 22nd

OS

1 ith, S Kh'kton, Alford, 2nd Tuefday Kirk-Yetholm, 27th

Kinrofiie,

Tarbeit, 22nd Thornhill, ift Tuefday, O S Turreff, laft Saturday, O S Udny, 4th Tuefday, O S

Lanark,
Largs,

Whitfonbank, Whitfun-Tuefday

and 2nd TuefdayS Tuefday, O S Lauder, 3d Friday Leven, 2nd Wednefday Linlithgow, 2nd Thurfday Linton weekly market, ift Wednefday
ift
ift

after

nth
Tuefday,

JUNE.
Aberdeen, 2nd Tuefday Aboyne, 3d Wednefday, O S Alyth, 2nd Tuefday, and 25th, O S Arbroath, 3d Wednefday Ayr, laft Tuefday, O S Baldouckie Muir, 2nd Wednefday Bannockburn, 2nd Tuefday, O S
Bathgate, 4th Wednefday Biggar, and Tuefday, S

Livingftone, 2nd Friday

Lockerbie, 3d Thurfday,

Lonmay,
Meigle,

ift

Machlin, 17th,
laft

OS

OS OS

Wednefday

Meiklour, 4th Friday

Melrofe, ift Wednefday Moffat, 24th, or Tuefday after Monifieth, 2nd Tuefday, nthNairn, ift Tuefday, S Newburgh, 3d Friday

APPENDIX
New
Deer, and Tuefday, O S North Berwick, laft Thurfday Old Deer, ift Thurfday, OS Ormiclate tryft, Thurfday before Wednefday
laft

G.

ift

Glafgow, and Monday Greenock, ift Thurfday Haddington, 2nd Tuefday Hamilton, and Thurfday Hawick, 17th day; if Sunday, the day
before

Perth, 15th continues

fortnight

Renfrew, and Friday Ruthven of Badenoch, 3d Tuefday

Saline, 13th,

Huntly,

ift

Tuefday,

OS
after 18th

OS

Tnvernefs, ift Kelfw, 10th

Wednefday

Shotts, 3d Tuefday,
Skirling, ift

OS
after

Kenmore, a6th

Wednefday
Tuefday
laft

nth

Kilbarchan,

ift

Wednefday

Spittal of Glenfhee, ift

Tuefday,

OS

Stenton,

laft

Stewartown,

Thurfday,

OS

Strathaven, laft Thurfday Strathmiglo, 3d Friday

Swinton, 3d Thurfday Tarbolton, ift Tuefday, S Tarbrax, laft Thurfday Torhofe, 3d Wednefday Turreff, laft Tuefday, except one* OS Upper Banchory, 2nd Tuefday, O S

Kilmarnock, 3d Wednefday, O Kinrofs, 3d Wednefday, OS Kirkcaldy, 3d Wednefday Lanark, laft Wednefday, O S Langholm, a6th Largs, 3d Tuefday Lauder, 4th Friday Leven, ift and laft Wednefdays .Lochmaben, laft Tuefday, O S Machlin, 22nd, O S Mellerftain, 2nd Tuefday, O S
Milnathort, 9'th Moffat, 29th

Whitfonbank, Whitfun-Tuefday Wigton, 17th, OS

Newmills, 2nd Wednefday, O S Old Deer, 2nd Tuefday, O S Oldhamftocks, ift Tuefday JULY. Ormifton, ift Tuefday Aicky, 2nd Tuefday, Wednefday, and Paldy Fair, ift Tuefday after ntft Peebles, Tuefday before iath Thurfday, O S Perth, 5th and 3d Tuefday, O S Alyth, laft Tuefday, O S Portree, laft Wednefday Anftruther Eafter, 5th Renfrew, 3d Tuefday Arbroath, 18th Rothefay, 2nd Wednefday, O S Auchterarder, and Tuefday, O 3 Rutherglen, 3d Friday, O S Auchtermuchty, 13 th Selkirk, 4 th, O S Bathgate, 3d Wednefday St. Andrews, ift Tuefday, O S Biggar, ift Thurfday, O S Blairgowrie, 23d St. BofwelPs, 18th Bucklyvie, laft Tuefday, O S Stewartown, Ja'ft Tuefday, O $ Carluke, laft Wednefday Strathfillan, 3d Carnwath, ift Thurfday Strichen, ift Tuefday, O S Carftairs, and Thurfday, O S Tain, 2nd Wednefday Coldingham, 25 th Tarbert, 3d Wednefday, O S Coldftream, 30th Torrybiirn, 2nd Wednefdar Comrie, nth Turreff, laft Tuefday, O S Crofsgates, 3d Tuefday, O S Yethohn, 5 th
,

Culrofs,

laft

Tuefday

Cumnock, ift Tuefday, O S Cupar in Fife, 25th, O S AUGUST. Dornoch, ift Wednefday and 22nd, Airdrie, laft Tuefday O S, or ift Wednefday after Alloway, 2nd Wednefday Doune, 26th Dunfermline, ift Wednefday Auchinleck, laft Tuefday
Ecclesfechan, Friday after Eddlefton, 5th Elgin, laft Tuefday
Falkirk, 2nd Thurfday Forfar, ift Tuefday Galafhiels, 8th

nth

Auchterarder, 2nd, O S Auchtergaven, 2nd Wednefday Auchtermuchty, 21ft Baldouckie Muir, ift Wednefday after

Lammas,
day,

OS
3d Tuef-

Bartle Chapel, Friday after

Gartmore, 7th Gauldry, 3d Tuefday,

OS

OS

4A

APPENDIX
Bathgate, 3d Beith, 30th

G.

Wednefday

Penftoun, ift Wednefday Rutherglen, 3d Friday, Q S

Selkirk, 10th, S Shotts, ift Tu-fday,
St.

ift Wednefday before 26th Blairgowrie, and Wednefday Callander, ift Thurfday,

Berwick,

Carnwath, 2nd Cockbumfpath, 2nd Tuefday Crimond, 4th Tuefday, O S Dumbarton, 2nd Wednefday, OS Dumblane, 10th, OS Dundee, 15th Dunfermline, ift Tuefday Dunoon, 2nd Wednefday, O SDunfe, 26th
Dyfart, 4th Wednefday Ecclesfechan, 26th, or Friday before

OS Wednefday, O S

Andrews,
Lawrence,
laft

ift,

OS OS

Stirling, ift
St.

Friday
21ft

Stranraer,

Friday

Strathaven, 2nd Thurfday Strathgarvie, 3d Tuefday Strichen, 2nd Tuefday, S

Tain, 3d Wednefday Thornhill, ift Tuefday, Wigton, laft Friday, O S

OS

Ellon, 3d Tuefday, SEPTEMBER. Falkirk fair, 3d Thurfday .Auchenfkaich market, Gaftletown of Falkirk tryft, 2nd Tuefday Brasmarr, 3d Tuefday OS, and fheep Falkland, ift Thurfday after 12th market, day before Forfar, ift Tuefday Forres, 10th, S, or Wednefday Balloch, 15 th Bridgend in Ifla, 25th after Carlops Green, 2.3d Fort Auguftus, 2nd Thurfday Coldftone, ift Thurfday, Foulis, 19th Grantown, Lady fair, ift Friday, S Crofsgates, 2nd Thurfday Dumfries, laft Wednefday Hamilton;,- 2nd Thurfday,

OS

OS

Jedburgh, 2nd Tuefday,

OS OS

Dundee, 19th

Inverkeithing, ift Wednefday Invernefs, ift Wednefday after

nth

OS
Irvine,

Dunfermline, 4th Friday Ecclesfechan, 18th, or Friday before Eddlefton, 35th

Falkirk tryft, 2nd Tuefday Falkland, 4th Thurfday
Forfar,
laft

3d

Monday
Wednefday

5 th Killin, ift

Kelfo,

Wednefday

Kilfyth, 16th Kinroffie, Friday before

Galafhiels, 10th

Lammas, OS Graitney,

15th, or

Monday

after

Kirkwall,

ift

Tuefday

after

nth

Lanark, laft Friday, O S Lauder, 4th Friday Laurence (Mearns) 2nd Tuefday, Leven, 3d Wednefday Linlithgow, 2nd Lockerbie, 2nd, O S
Lufs, nth,

Grantown, 3d Tuefday, O S Huntly, 2nd Tuefday, O S

Jedburgh, 25th

OS

Invernefs, ift

Wednefday

after

OS
Keith, snd Thurfday Kenmore, 17th

nth,

OS

Kincardine O'Neil, 2nd Wednefday

Kinglaffie,

Machlin, laft. Tuefday, OS' Meiklour, 3d Friday Melrofe, 12th Milnathort, 29th JVIonymulk, 3d Wednefday Mufielburgh, 2nd Tuefday Muthil, 5th Nairn, laft Wednefday New Galloway, ift Wednefday, OS Newmills, 22nd, O S Old Deer, ift Thurfday, O S Old Rain, 2nd Tuefday, and ift whole week, O S Paifley, 2nd Thurfday Path-head, ift Wednefday Peebles, Tuefday before 24th

and Thurfday Thurfday before Michael-

mas, S Kirkcaldy, laft Wednefday Kirkcudbright, 6th Langholm, 4th Tuefday

Leven, 3d Wednefday
Nairn, 20th, or Friday after, andth.t

day fortnight Old Deer, ift Thurfday, OS Peebles, ift Tuefday before 12th
Percy-Blackwater,
Perth, 9th
ift

Wednefday

Renfrew, 29th
Skirling, 15th
St.

Andrews, 29th,

OS

APPENDIX
Stirling,

G.

3d Friday 3d Tuefday, O S Wemyfs, and Wednefday

T;;rvas,

Kinrofs, 18U1,

OS

Kippen, 23d
KirkintiKoch, 20th Kirktown of Dull, 6th Kirk-Yetholm, 24th

OCTOBER.
Aberdeen, ift Tuefday, Aboyne, ift Tuefday, O S Alyth, Tuefday before 10th,
Ardnachyle, 19th

Lambden,

5 th

Lanark, 4th Friday

Largs, 4th Tuefday

Lauder, 4th Friday

OS

Ardnamurchan, 15th Auchterarder, 7th Auchtergaven, 18th

Ayr, 3d Tuefday

Ay ton,

12th

2nd Wednefday, O S Bannockburn, 2nd Tuefday, O S

Balblair,

Leflie, loth Leuchars, 3d Friday, O S Leven, 3d Wednefday Lochmaben, laft Tuefday, Lockerbie, 2nd, O S Lufs, 14th, O S Machlin, 27th, O S Meigle, laft Wednefday Meiklour, 4th Friday

OS

Bathgate, 4th Wednefday Biggar, laft Thurfday, S Blackford, 7th

Mellerftain, ift Tuefday, O S Mid-Calder, Friday in weeks of Fal-

Byth, 3d Tuefday, O S Callander, 9th Carluke, 31ft Ceres in Fife, 20th Coldingham, 24th Collinfburgh, 2nd Friday Crieff, 10th Crofsmichael, Thurfday after 29th Cumnock, 3d Tuefday, O S Cupar in Fife, ift Thurfday, O S
Dalkeith, 3d Tuefday Drimtavickillichattan, 15th

kirk tryft Moffat, 20th, or Tuefday after Monifieth, 2nd Tuefday after nth Muthil, 31ft

New

Deer, 2nd Tuefday, OS Newmills, 18th, OS Old Deer, ift Thurfday, O S

Partoncraigs, laft Tuefday Path -head, 7th Peebles, 17th; when Sunday, iSth

Pennycuick,
Perth, 20th
Pitleffie,

ift

Friday

Dunfermline,

Jaft

Thurfday

Dunning, 24th

Dunoon, 2nd Wednefday, Earlftoun, 3d ThUrfday

OS

3d Wednefday, O S Wednefday, O S Ratho, Friday after 2nd Tuefday Rothefay, laft Wednefday, O S Rutherglen, 3d Monday, O S
Pitlochry, 3d
Saline, 6th

Ecclesfechan, 26th, or Friday before Elgin, 2nd Tuefday

Sanquhar,

ift

Monday,

OS

Eyemouth,
Falkirk

laft

tryft,

Thurfday 2nd Tuefday

laft

Selkirk, 20th, S Shotts, 4 th Tuefday,

OS

Forgandenny,

Thurfday,

OS

Galafhiels, 10th

Gartmore, 19th Gifford, ift Tuefday Glendaruell, 2nd Tuefday, O S Glenfhee, 3d Tuefday, O S Graitney, ift Thurfday after Falkirk Greenlaw, laft Thurfday Haddington, 2nd Thurfday

3d Tuefday, OS Stenton, laft Tuefday ,St. Lawrence, 31ft

Spittal,

Stranraer, laft Friday Sunart, iStb

Hawick

tryft,

19th

Inverkeithing, 3d Wednefday Kenlochfcriden, 17 th Kennoway; 4th Monday

Killin, 27th

Swinton, 4th Tuefday Tain, 3d Tuefday Tarbert, laft Tuefday Tarboltoh, 2nd Tuefday, Tarbrax, ift Wednefday Turreff, tft Tuefday, O S Wafdale, laft Wednefday Wigton, laft Friday, O S

OS

Yetholm,

31ft

Kilmarnock, 3d Wednefday, Kinethmonth, 2nd Tuefday, Kinghorn, ift Friday

Kinglaffie,

OS OS

NOVEMBER.

mas,

Thurfday before Michael- Abernethy, 2nd Thurfday Aboyne, and Wednefday,

4

NS

APPENDIX
Airdrie, ift Thurfday,

G.

OS Kilfyth, 23d Kinroffie, Friday before Martinmas, Alloway, 2nd Wednefday OS Alyth, 1 ft Tuefday and Wednefday,' S, and 2nd Tuefday after nth, Kirkton of Weem, 3d Thurfday Lanark, ift Wednefday, O S OS Langholm, Wednefday before 22nd Anftruther Eafter, 12th Lauder, 4th Friday Auchterarder, 24th, O S Linlithgow, ift Friday Auchtergaven, 25th Livingftone, ift Friday Auchtermuchty, ift Tuefday Bathgate, ift Wednefday after Mar- Lockerbie, 2nd Thurfday, O S Longfide, 3d Tuefday, O S tinmas Lufs, 7th, O S Berwick, ift Wednefday

Blairgowrie,

ift Wednefday Borrow ftounnefs, 16th

Buddy vie,
Carftairs,

18th

2nd Thurfday, Chirnfide, laft. Thurfday Cockenzie, ift Thurfday

Coldftream, 12th

OS

Comrie, 8th
Crofsgates, Friday before Hallowfair Culrofs, 3d Wednefday Cupar-Fife, nth,

Melrofe, 22nd Methlick, 2nd Tuefday, S Milnathort, 5th Moffat, ift Tuefday, S Nevyburgh, 25th, S Newmills, 29th, S North Berwick, laft Thurfday Old Deer, 2nd Thurfday, S

O O

OS

Dornoch, Dornock,

ift

Wednefday ift Wednefday, or Wed-

nefday after
after 22nd Dumbarton, 2nd Tuefday Dumblane, 12th Dunfermline, 4th Wednefday Dunkeld, 2nd Tuefday, N S Dunfe, 17th, or Tuefday after

Doune 2nd and 26th Dumbar, ift Tuefday

Oldhamftocks, ift Tuefday Paifley, 2nd Thurfday Peebles, Tuefday before 12th Peterhead, 2nd Tuefday, O S Rhynie, 4th Tuefday, O S Rutherglen, 3d Friday, OS Ruthven, 4th Tuefday Sanquhar, ift Monday, O S Shotts, laft Tuefday, O S St. Andrews, 3oth,'o S Stewarton, ift Friday after 12th and
ift

Thurfday thereafter
Friday

Stirling, ift

Dyfart, 8th Ecclesfechan, Friday after

nth

Edinburgh, 2nd Monday, Hallowfair OS Tain, 22nd Ellon, ift Tuefday, O S Udny and Yony, 3d Tuefday, Falkirk, ift Thurfday
Falkland,
ift,

Strathaven, ift Thurfday Strathmiglo, ift Friday Strichen, ift Tuefday,

OS

S,

or Tuefday after

S Fettercairn, laft Tuefday, Forfar, ift Wednefday Forres, 2nd Wednefday and Thurfday,

DECEMBER.
Aberdeen,
Banff,
ift

OS
Fortrofe, 2nd Foulis, 6th

Tuefday

OS 3d Tuefday, O S Barchanfary, ift Tuefday, O $ Galafliiels, 3d Wednefday Glammifs, ift Wednefday after 22nd Callander, ift Thurfday, O S Glafgow, Wednefday after Martinmas Comrie, 4th Gordonfburgh, 2nd Wednefday Dornoch, ift Wednefday Doune, 26th Graitney, 2nd Thurfday Grantown, Tft Thurfday, O S Ecclesfechan, Friday after 11thElgin, 2nd Tuefday Greenock, 4th Tuefday Hamilton, 2nd Thurfday, OS Forres, St. John's day, O S; if WedAlyth, 2nd Tuefday,

Hawick, 8th
Jedburgh,
Invernefs,
ift

nefday,

Thurfday or Friday,
after

or

Tuefday,

OS
after

Wednefday
nth,
Fortingal, 6th

ift

Wednefday

OS
Kelfo, 2nd

Kilconquhar, 8th
Killin, ift

Tuefday,

OS

day Tuefday, O S Kenmore, 3d and 24th Kirkton of Alford, 2nd Tuefday Lanark, laft Tuefday
Huntly,
ift

APPENDIX
jLockerbie,ThurfdaybefoicChriflmas,

G.
ift

Renfrew,
Stirling,
St.

Friday

OS
Machlin, 2nd Tuefday, OS Nairn, id 1 ntfday Old Deer, 2nd Tuefday, OS
Pei:bles, Tuefday before i?,th Perth, nth, and Friday before Chrift-

Selkirk, 8th,

OS

2nd Friday Lawrence, 19th

Tain, Tuefday before Chriflmaii Tarvas, 4th Tuefday, S Thornhill, ift Tuefday,

mas

Turreff, ift Tuefday,

OS OS

THE END,

ERRATA.
Abernetby, 1. 18, for 518 read 851 Orkney JJlands, col. 3, 1. 37, for general read genial Jura, col. 3. 1. 9, for furria read furia I-colm-kill, col. 4, 1. 25, for Reilia Ouran, read Reilig Ouran^ Catertbun, col. 2, 1. 27, for water read crater Clyde, 1. 11, for Carval read Cowal Clackmannan, 1. 22. place the femicolon after public Corjlorphine, col. 2, 1. 7, for adapted read adopted Cal/igray, 1. 4, for Bemeray, read Bernera, Caitbnefs, 1. 48, for inha- read inhabited Carmicbael, 1. 10, for Earls of Hyndford, who are read Earl of Hyndford,

who
Angus,
;

is

518, read 851, 46, Belmont is fituated in the county of Perth Annandale, col. 2. 1. 8, for Brunfwick, read Brunfvvark,
col. 2,
1.

3, for

col. 4,

1.

the population col. 2, 1. 19, after 1792, add fince 1755. Benbolme, 1. 15, for town read tower Benmore, 1. 5, for Strathfillaur. read Strathfillan.

Barr,

was 750; decreafe 10S

Berv'ie,

1.

Don,

1.

1,

15, for town hall, &c. read cellars, for a rivulet read a river

&c

Keir, 1. 7, for Seam, read Scarr, Ket, 1. 3, for Port-Patrick, read Port-Tarrock.
Keith-ball, col. 2, 1. 8, for 200 read 2000 Kinnettles, 1. 10, for Mr. Simpfon read Major Laurinfea
3, 1. 43> for *599> read *559> 25, for Forleum read Torleum Ca?npfte Fells, 1. 9, for bafalric read bafaltie Carrick, 1. 20, for Stincbar read Gir'van Carron ri-ver, col. 2, 1. 3 j, for fons read foil

Glafgow, col.
1.

Moni'vaird,

&

TO THE BINDER.
Signature

A to be cancelled, and replaced by Signatures *A *nd *

}S