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the magazine of power generation
April 2014 t www.power-eng.com
SMALL MODULAR REACTORS
OAK RIDGE DEVELOPS MODELING
PROGRAM FOR SMR DESIGNS
POWER PLANT CONTROLS
COGEN PLANT IN OREGON GETS AN UPGRADE
VALVES AND ACTUATORS
INNOVATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES
TO BOOST EFFICIENCY
WATER
Treatment Trends
1404PE_C1 1 4/4/14 11:58 AM
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Power Engineering
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VOLUME
POWER ENGINEERING ONLINE : www.power-eng.com
Industry News:
Global updates
throughout the day
Newsletter:
Stay current on industry news,
events, features and more.
Newscast:
A concise, weekly update of all
the top power generation news
2 Opinion
4 Industry News
10 Clearing the Air
12 Gas Generation
14 View on Renewables
16 Energy Matters
20 Power Plant Profile
58 Products & Literature
DEPARTMENTS
No. 4, April 2014
FEATURES
28
Wastewater Treatment
Issues for Combined
Cycle Plants
Significant focus has been on water emissions from
coal-fired plants, but personnel at gas-fired plants are also
dealing with stringent effluent limitations. Contributing Editor
Brad Buecker looks at water treatment issues for combined
cycle power plants in this article.
36 New Control System Solves Black
Box Problems at Cogen Plant
Faced with frustrations with their current control systems, the owners of
the Klamath Cogeneration Plant in Oregon hired ABB to install a more
reliable control system to create opportunities for additional revenue.
46 Valves & Actuators: The Path to
Greater Efficiency & Performance
Valves and actuators are critical in every aspect of power plant
operations, and companies are working to make innovations
that will improve performance and reduce costs.
1404PE_1 1 4/4/14 11:53 AM
www.power-eng.com
2
OPINION
In Europe, CHP capacity is projected to
grow from 202 GW now to 245 GW by
2020 at a rate of 3.2 percent a year, accord-
ing to a report from research and consult-
ing firm GlobalData.
With its strict emission and carbon
savings targets, coupled with its focus on
decentralized energy, Europe is comfort-
ably the biggest market for CHP installa-
tions, said Sowmya-
vadhana Srinivasan,
senior power analyst
for GlobalData.
CHP, or cogenera-
tion, has been around
for 100 years. It has
quietly been provid-
ing highly efficient,
reliable power to the
nations most important industries for a
long time. In addition to CHPs high ef-
ficiency ratings, the technology offers the
flexibility and reliability grid managers
need to accommodate growing amounts
of variable wind and solar power.
Like combined cycle gas turbines,
CHP systems fueled with gas can be
used to support the deployment of re-
newable power.
As power producers face a market
where centralized coal and nuclear pow-
er plants are no longer practical options
for new capacity, CHP offers utilities a
proven alternative that is cleaner, more
efficient and less costly.
As the Obama administration pursues
new carbon limits for new and existing
power plants in the U.S., the market for
CHP capacity will continue to grow.
If you have a question or a com-
ment, please contact me at russellr@
pennwell.com. Follow me on Twitter
@RussellRay1.
C
ombined heat and power
(CHP), a highly efficient form
of generation used to power a
wide range of industries, is perhaps the
most underutilized and underappreci-
ated source of electricity production in
the U.S.
But cheap natural gas, new incentives
for CHP projects and a public demand for
greater efficiency and reduced emissions
are driving the development of CHP proj-
ects across the nation.
CHP plants, also known as cogen-
eration plants, recycle the waste heat
produced during power production for
manufacturing processes and other use-
ful purposes. By capturing and utilizing
the excess heat, CHP plants can achieve
energy efficiency rates of 75 percent or
higher, well above efficiency rates for
conventional power stations.
More than 4,000 MW of new CHP
capacity are in some stage of develop-
ment in the U.S., according to ICF Inter-
national, a research and consulting firm.
Most of that capacity more than 1,000
MW will be built in Texas. In the Mid-
west alone, the industry has announced
plans to build 38 CHP projects between
2014 and 2016. More Midwest projects
are under development but havent been
announced.
Altogether, the U.S. has more than
82,000 MW of CHP capacity at 4,200
sites. More than 70 percent of that ca-
pacity is fueled with natural gas. Most of
that power is used in industrial applica-
tions such as paper, refining, chemical
and food processing. CHP is also used
to power hospitals, universities, military
bases and residential facilities.
The potential to add more CHP capac-
ity to the U.S. grid is significant, ranging
from 50,000 to 200,000 MW, according
to some studies.
The Obama administration wants to
boost CHP capacity by 40,000 MW, or
50 percent, by 2020. That was the goal es-
tablished in an executive order directing
several federal agencies and departments
to encourage more investment in CHP
projects through existing programs and
policies.
If that goal is met,
American businesses
would save an estimat-
ed $10 billion a year in
energy costs. The emis-
sions reduction would
be tantamount to tak-
ing 25 million cars off
the road.
California-based Capstone Turbine
Corp. has installed 471 CHP systems in
the U.S., which translates to more than
3 million fewer tons of carbon dioxide
(CO
2
)

emissions versus CO
2
emissions
from conventional power plants. In 2013
alone, Capstone customers avoided near-
ly 300,000 tons of CO
2
emissions.
CHP accounts for 9 percent of total
generation capacity in the U.S. In a 2008
study by Oak Ridge National Labs, re-
searchers found that boosting the use of
CHP to 20 percent of total U.S. capacity
would save 5.3 quadrillion thermal units
of fuel per year. Thats equal to nearly half
of the total energy consumed by all U.S.
households. Achieving that level of CHP
capacity would also cut CO
2
emissions by
60 percent, which is the equivalent of tak-
ing 154 million cars off the road.
In addition to using very little wa-
ter, CHP plants emit 40 percent fewer
emissions compared with convention-
al power stations.
CHP
:

An Emerging
Market
BY RUSSELL RAY, MANAGING EDITOR
Like combined
cycle gas turbines,
CHP systems fueled
with gas can be
used to support
the deployment of
renewable power.
1404PE_2 2 4/4/14 11:53 AM
@WECNuclear
Westinghouse
Electric Company
For more information, visit us at www.westinghousenuclear.com
W
E
S
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G
H
O
U
S
E

E
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C
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C
O
M
P
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Nuclear energy plants dont emit smoke, just steam from
hot water. No other generating source provides more
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AND LOTS OF
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ITS JUST STEAM.
1404PE_3 3 4/4/14 11:53 AM
www.power-eng.com
4
INDUSTRY NEWS
Mitsubishi Hitachi
signs $77.8 million deal
for 501J gas turbine
A deal to build what may be the most
effcient combined cycle power plant
in the U.S. was fnalized last week in
Tulsa, Okla.
Executives from Mitsubishi Hitachi
Power Systems and offcers from the
Grand River Dam Authority gathered in
Tulsa on March 21 to sign contracts for a
328-MW gas turbine known as the 501J
and a 167-MW steam turbine. The 495-
MW unit will replace an old coal-fred
unit at the Grand River Energy Center
near Chouteau, Okla.
The project is the frst of its kind in the
Western world. The J-Series gas turbine is
the largest and most effcient gas turbine
in the world, according to Mitsubishi Hi-
tachi. Nine are in commercial operation
worldwide, including six in South Korea.
One of the big features of this ma-
chine is its effciency, said Bill Newsom,
vice president of New Equipment Sales
& Commercial Operations for Mitsubi-
shi Hitachi. At 50 percent output, youre
still above 55 percent combined cycle ef-
fciency.
The new combined cycle plant is ex-
pected to be up and running in spring
2017.
This unit has the potential to be the
most effcient combined cycle plant in
the country, said Charles Barney, assis-
tant general manager of thermal genera-
tion for GRDA.
Dan Sullivan, GRDA CEO, and Yoshi-
hiro Shiraiwa, president and CEO of Mit-
subishi Hitachi Power Systems Americas
(MHPSA), signed the agreement during a
public gathering at the GRDA Engineer-
ing and Technology Center in Tulsa. Also
present were Takato Nishizawa, president
(RDS), a residential solar power installa-
tion company. Terms of the transaction
were not disclosed.
According to NRG Energy President
and CEO David Crane, RDS is a perfect
ft with NRG as the companies take a
big step towards a national residential so-
lar platform. Over the next month, RDS
will begin operating under the brand
NRG Residential Solar Solutions.
RDS, which has 475 employees, has
been operating in the Northeast U.S. and
is expanding into California and other
areas. The companys headquarters will
remain in Wall Township, N.J.
GE releases new 9HA and
7HA natural gas turbines
General Electric has announced it will
be releasing the 7HA and 9HA air-cooled
gas turbines, according to a report from
Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide. The H-
class gas turbine will be released in two
versions for the 50 Hz market, the 9HA.01
and 9HA.02, and two versions for the 60
Hz market, the
7HA.01 and
7HA.02.
According to
the article, the
9HA.01 is rated
397 MW and the
9HA.02 is rated
470 MW in a simple-cycle confguration,
with each offering more than 41 percent
effciency. In a 1x1 combined-cycle con-
fguration, the 9HA.01 is rated 592 MW
and the 9HA.02 is rated 701 MW, with
each offering more than 61 percent eff-
ciency.
The report stated the 7HA.01 is rated
275 MW and the 7HA.02 is rated 330
MW in a simple-cycle confguration, with
each offering more than 41 percent eff-
ciency. In a 1x1 combined-cycle confgu-
ration, the 7HA.01 is rated 405 MW and
the 7HA.02 is rated 486 MW, with each
offering more than 61 percent effciency.
GE told Diesel & Gas Turbine World-
wide the H-class gas turbine incorporates
an aerodynamic 14-stage compressor
and includes an advanced radial diffuser
and CEO of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power
Systems (MHPS), and Yasuo Fujitani, se-
nior executive vice president of MHPS.
Part of the GRDA Boards strategy is
to reduce our reliance on coal, Sullivan
said. We can achieve some of that with
this new facility.
Yashihiro said the GRDA deal will be
the frst of many for MHPSA in the U.S.
GRDA will issue bonds to fnance the
project. Board members recently selected
JP Morgan as the lead fnancial institu-
tion. Hawkins Delafeld & Woods LLP
will serve as legal advisers.
GRDA has not yet selected an engineer-
ing and construction frm for the project.
Cape Wind wins
multiple legal victories
United States District Judge Reggie
B. Walton issued rulings on March 14
in four lawsuits that challenged Cape
Winds permitting approval by the
U.S. Department of Interior.
Judge Walton upheld the
Department of the Interior along
with 16 other Federal and State
agencies review and approval of
Cape Wind, a permitting process that
took 10 years and includes more than
400,000 pages.
Judge Walton rejected a long list of
legal claims opponents had raised, in-
cluding arguments over the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the
Endangered Species Act, the Migratory
Birds Treaty Act, the National Historic
Preservation Act, the Outer Continen-
tal Shelf Lands Act, the Coast Guard
and the Maritime Transportation Act
of 2006.
The four lawsuits were originally
fled in 2010 by the Alliance to Protect
Nantucket Sound, the Town of Barn-
stable, the Aquinnah Wampanoag
Tribe and the Public Employees for En-
vironmental Responsibility.
NRG Energy acquires
Roof Diagnostics Solar
NRG Energy Inc. announced March
27 it has acquired Roof Diagnostics Solar
1404PE_4 4 4/4/14 11:54 AM
FOR A 60-YEAR OLD
INDUSTRY.
ITS A N
U
DAY
And the winner isNuScale Power. The US Department of Energy selected NuScale
Power for the second round of funding for Small Modular Reactor (SMR) development.
The fve-year funding program will signifcantly advance the design and certifcation of
the NuScale Power Module SMR technology. This accelerates commercial availability
to support customer needs for carbon-free baseload electricity, and validates the viability
of smaller, safer, simpler, more economical nuclear power. Its a Nu day.
nuscalepower.com @NuScale_Power NuScale Powe
1404PE_5 5 4/4/14 11:54 AM
www.power-eng.com
6
INDUSTRY NEWS
allow the 605-MW Vermont Yankee nu-
clear power plant to operate through the
rest of 2014 in exchange for payments to
the state.
VTDigger.org reports that the board
issued a certifcate of public good which
allows the plant to operate through the
end of the year. Plant owner Entergy an-
nounced in August that it would close the
plant in 2014 due to market conditions.
Duke Energy releases
plans for coal ash basins
Duke Energy released an update
March 26 regarding the companys fu-
ture plans for its coal ash basins.
The utility said they are working
with the state of North Carolina, the
North Carolina General Assembly and
the North Carolina Utilities Commis-
sion on developing and implementing
long-term solutions for ash basins as
quickly and as safely as possible for
every site, including analysis of trade-
offs, risks and costs.
The company is also working with an
independent, third-party engineering
company to complete assessments for
all the ash basins. Assessments are ex-
pected to be fnalized by May 31.
After securing the necessary permits,
Duke will move ash at three retired
plants, accelerate closure of an addition-
al basin, convert to dry ash handling at
all remaining facilities in North Caro-
lina and begin dewatering the other re-
tired basins.
On March 12, Duke offcials sent a
letter to state Gov. Pat McCrory and the
North Carolina Department of Environ-
mental and Natural Resources stating
the company is pursuing landfll and
storage solutions and converting to all
dry fy ash handling.
Pumpjack and Wildwood will each
consist of a standalone 20-MW AC pho-
tovoltaic facility and a new 115 kV sub-
station for connection to the grid. The
projects will use 171,000 x BYD 305 W
polycrystalline modules, 40 x 1 MW NX
Advanced Energy inverters and Array
Technologies Inc. single-axis trackers.
Duke will sell the power generated at
the projects to Southern California Edi-
son under 20-year power purchase agree-
ments that are already in place.
Samsung, Pattern and Capital
Power begin construction on
$850M K2 wind power project
Construction at the K2 wind power
project broke ground March 24 after se-
curing $850 million in fnancing.
Samsung Renewable Energy Inc., Pat-
tern Energy Group LP and Capital Power
LP entered into a joint venture to build
the 270-MW project in Ontario, Canada
Upon completion, the site is expected
to produce more than $3.2 million dol-
lars in annual revenue, the companies
said in a press release.
The project will include 140 wind tur-
bine towers and is expected to be opera-
tional by the second half of 2015.
B&W to perform steam
generator work at Michigan
nuclear power plant
American Electric Power awarded a
contract to Babcock & Wilcox Nuclear
Energy, a subsidiary of The Babcock &
Wilcox Co., to provide steam generator
services for the D.C. Cook Nuclear Plant
in Michigan. The multi-year contract be-
gan in February.
The Cook plant has two units, one of
which is outftted with B&W replacement
recirculating steam generators. B&W NE
will perform comprehensive inspection
and cleaning work, which includes eddy
current testing, visual inspections and
water lancing.
Vermont Yankee nuclear plant
can operate through year-end
The Vermont Public Service Board will
that, combined with the Dry Low NOx
2.6+Axial Fuel Staged combustion sys-
tem, allows improved operation of the
combustion liner and transition piece
cooling.
The frst 9HA gas turbine was manu-
factured in Belfort, France and was trans-
ported to Antwerp, Belgium before being
shipped to the U.S. for validation testing
at GEs test facility in Greenville, S.C.
$1.3bn contract signed
for hydroelectric power plant
in Canada
BBE Hydro Constructors Limited Part-
nership was awarded a C$1.4 billion ($1.3
billion) contract to build the 695-MW
Keeyask hydroelectric power plant for
Manitoba Hydro in Manitoba, Canada.
The BBE Hydro Constructors team
consists of Bechtel, Barnard Construction
and EllisDon. The team will build a sev-
en-unit powerhouse and earthen struc-
tures; perform rock excavation as well as
electrical and mechanical work; and will
be responsible for the construction and
removal of temporary cofferdams.
First power from the plant is expect-
ed in 2019, with completion scheduled
for 2020.
Swinerton awarded contract
for 40 MW of Duke solar
power projects
Duke Energy Renewables has awarded
contracts for turnkey engineering, pro-
curement and construction services for
two California solar power projects to
Swinerton Renewable Energy. The proj-
ects, called the Pumpjack and Wildwood
solar power projects, are located near Ba-
kersfeld and have a combined capacity of
40 MW.
Design and procurement have already
started for the two sites, which are expect-
ed to begin commercial operation by the
end of 2014.
The two projects will bring Dukes to-
tal solar capacity in California to 65 MW
and its total U.S.-installed solar capacity
to 185 MW at 23 utility-scale facilities, the
company stated in a release.
1404PE_6 6 4/4/14 11:54 AM
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1404PE_9 9 4/4/14 11:54 AM
www.power-eng.com
10
CLEARING THE AIR
The primary goal of this analysis is not
simply to determine what type of permit
you must apply for and identify even
more requirements with which to com-
ply. Rather, it is to develop a strategy to
avoid permitting entirely if possible, and
if not to at least minimize its impacts.
The process of obtaining a federal New
Source Review (NSR) permit requires sig-
nificantly more time and effort than state
or local permitting and has several addi-
tional requirements. The requirement to
install the Best Available Control Tech-
nology (BACT) is often the most costly.
NSR applicability is determined for
each individual pollutant by compar-
ing the increase or decrease in emissions
resulting for a modification, in tons per
year, to that pollutants significant emis-
sion rate (SER). Any for which the change
in emissions exceeds the applicable SER
are subject to the requirements of NSR.
If you consider the typical emission
rates for coal and natural gas on a lb/
MMBtu basis, this calculation may
seem trivial, but it may not be. For a
utility boiler, baseline emissions are
defined as the average annual emission
rate over any consecutive 24-month
period within the last five years. If that
boilers utilization over that period
has been significantly lower than that
planned after the project, the calculat-
ed increase of one or more pollutants
could conceivably exceed its SER, at
which point you may be forced choose
between taking a more restrictive limit
on the future operation of that boiler,
or installing and operating additional
control equipment.
Making the investment necessary to
understand how these complex regula-
tions may impact you now can pay huge
dividends in the future.
D
oes it make sense to switch from
coal to gas? It is a question that
every electric utility with a coal-
fired boiler will have to answer eventu-
ally, and for some, the time to make that
determination is about to run out.
Recent regulatory changes affecting a
large number of utility boilers have tar-
geted both criteria pollutants, such as
NO
x
and SO
2
, as well as many hazardous
air pollutants (HAP) including mercury,
heavy metals, acid gases, and organics.
The costs associated with installing and
operating the necessary control equip-
ment can be significant, especially for
older boilers. While the potential impact
of future GHG regulations is difficult to
quantify, they will undoubtedly serve as
further incentive to switch to gas.
For any coal-fired boiler, the available
options that must be considered include:
t Retire the boiler, purchase power if
necessary
t Comply with the new regulations,
which may require modifying the
boiler or installing new emissions
control equipment
t Replace the boiler with a gas-fired
CCGT
t Convert the existing boiler from coal
to gas
Depending on the circumstances, the
decision process can become extremely
complex, especially for a utility with mul-
tiple generating units, where the solution
often involves some combination or all
of those options. In all cases, making
the right decision depends on accurately
identifying all of the relevant factors and
evaluating their potential impacts.
A quick internet search will turn up
links to hundreds of articles, presenta-
tions, white papers, etc. that address a
wide range of factors to be considered.
Unfortunately, the importance of certain
environmental permitting requirements
is almost entirely overlooked. The ap-
plicability of those requirements can
affect which option you choose, and if
you choose either of the fuel switching
options, the way you operate your boiler
on coal today can affect not only the time
and expense required to obtain a permit,
but also the permit requirements, even
though the project may be years away.
Its also important to note that federal,
state and local regulations all contain dif-
ferent permitting requirements that may
apply. Any regulatory applicability anal-
ysis depends on a number of project and
site-specific factors must be done on a
case-by-case basis. As you might expect,
state and local requirements vary consid-
erably. The federal regulations also vary
by location as well as by pollutant.
To provide a relevant example illustrat-
ing that point, and the importance of un-
derstanding permitting requirements, re-
quires significant simplification. To give
you an idea how significant, consider that
the guidance document EPA developed
to explain the New Source Review (NSR)
permitting process is 322 pages long.
Before beginning any activity that in-
volves physically modifying a source of
air emissions or changing its method of
operation, a utility must to determine
the regulatory requirements that apply,
and the importance of this regulatory
applicability analysis should not be un-
derestimated. It is more than just another
requirement found in every facilitys per-
mit to operate; it can lead to significant
benefits if done correctly. However, the
financial penalties that can result from
doing it incorrectly are even more signifi-
cant, which is why some utilities delegate
the task to a consultant.
Permitting Implications of
Switching to Natural Gas
BY MICHAEL BURKHART, PERMITTING MANAGER, KIEWIT POWER ENGINEERS CO.
1404PE_10 10 4/4/14 11:54 AM
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1404PE_11 11 4/4/14 11:54 AM
www.power-eng.com
12
GAS GENERATION
personnel dont use the system. By not
using the system they lose familiarity
with it, and in a very short period of
time the system is abandoned alto-
gether.
To avoid this scenario at your plant,
here are some ideas to consider before
investing in a new performance moni-
toring system or reinstating a system
that has been neglected:
1. Initial installation is important, so
consider using an owners engineer
throughout the procurement and
implementation stages. Software
vendors are experts in their own
system but may not be sensitive
to the objectives and special cases
of individual facilities. An owners
engineer can serve to bridge the
gap between the vendor and plant
personnel to ensure the system and
installation services purchased are
suitable for meeting the project ob-
jectives. The owners engineer can
verify the system is set up accurate-
ly from the beginning, preventing
problems down the road, and can
serve as an additional training re-
source for the plant.
2. Successful performance moni-
toring programs have dedicated
personnel whose top priority is
performance monitoring. While
it may be unrealistic to have a
dedicated person onsite, an off-
site performance monitoring lead
could support multiple plants. If
your companys structure does
not lend itself to having corpo-
rate performance monitoring sup-
port shared among several plants,
T
he U.S. Energy Information
Administrations Annual Ener-
gy Outlook 2014 early release
projects a 17 percent increase in natu-
ral gas-fired power generation from
2012 levels by 2020. During the same
time frame the EIA expects a 6 percent
increase in combined cycle gas turbine
capacity and a 5 percent increase in
gas turbine capacity. Weve already be-
gun to see the effects of this trend as
increasing capacity factors in our com-
bined cycle and simple cycle gas tur-
bine fleet. At the individual plant level,
maintaining or even improving maxi-
mum capacity levels and minimizing
heat rate is more important than ever.
If youve been thinking about install-
ing a thermal performance monitor-
ing program at your facility, or youve
realized you need to dust off that old
performance monitoring software
that was installed years ago and rarely
used, now may be the perfect time.
Make no mistake, todays perfor-
mance monitoring software packages
are enormously powerful tools with
wide ranging capabilities and features;
however, without the proper support at
the facility and at corporate levels, in-
vestment in performance monitoring
can be wasted. I used to be surprised
to hear of performance monitoring
systems that were bought, paid for, in-
stalled and working at one time but no
longer being used. Ive come to learn
that this is not an unusual scenario.
Invariably, the personnel who were
supposed to be using the system had
lost confidence in the data and the re-
sults the system was providing. With-
out confidence in the results provided,
and if a dedicated person onsite is
not feasible, consider third party
monitoring to ensure the results
of your system are being reviewed
and interpreted on a regular basis.
3. As a supplement to item 2, be re-
alistic when it comes to time re-
quirements and priorities when
considering your onsite talent. An
operator or technician might have
more enthusiasm for a perfor-
mance monitoring system than an
already overburdened engineer.
4. Plant personnel must have an inter-
est in the performance monitoring
system and confidence in the data
and results it provides. Even if per-
formance monitoring is not among
their highest priorities, plant per-
sonnel are ultimately the end users
of the system results. They are the
ones calibrating instruments, per-
forming maintenance or making
operational decisions based on the
results from the system; therefore,
on-site interest and trust in the
system is crucial.
Every facility is different in their re-
quirements and objectives regarding
performance monitoring. Likewise,
there is no one size fits all performance
monitoring system. With the expecta-
tion of continued increases in capacity
factors for the natural gas generation
fleet, adding a performance monitor-
ing system to your facilitys toolbox is
a timely consideration. Reflection on
the concepts above will help ensure
your new thermal performance moni-
toring program is a success for years to
come.
Avoiding Performance
Monitoring Pitfalls
BY KATIE CHENEY, POWER PLANT OPERATIONS ENGINEER, NAES CORP.
1404PE_12 12 4/4/14 11:54 AM
1404PE_13 13 4/4/14 11:54 AM
www.power-eng.com
14
VIEW ON RENEWABLES
PV installation growth in 2014, with
installations reaching nearly 6 GW.
Growth will occur in all segments
but will be most rapid in the residen-
tial market.
t The U.S. installed 410 MW of con-
centrating solar (CSP) in 2013, in-
creasing total CSP capacity in the
U.S. more than 80 percent.
t And finally, Brightsources massive
Ivanpah project also began oper-
ating this year and SolarReserves
Crescent Dunes project began com-
missioning.
So while 2013 was a record-breaking
year for the U.S. solar industry, 2014
promises to be even better with 30 per-
cent growth being forecast. Part of this
unprecedented expansion is due to the
fact that the average price of a solar sys-
tem has dropped by more than 50 per-
cent since 2010, benefitting consumers,
businesses, schools and government en-
tities.
Today, 40 years after SEIA was first
formed, there are nearly 143,000 Ameri-
cans employed by the U.S. solar industry
at more than 6,100 American compa-
nies with SEIA leading the fight to ex-
pand markets, remove market barriers,
strengthen the industry and educate
Americans about the benefits of solar en-
ergy. These efforts have led to the adop-
tion of a wide range of smart public poli-
cies, including the solar Investment Tax
Credit (ITC) in Congress and Net Energy
Metering (NEM) at the state level.
And to think it all started when a 19
year old in the 19
th
century came up with
the idea of turning sunlight into electrical
energy.
Merci, Monsieur Becquerel.
W
hat would Alexandre Ed-
mond Becquerel be think-
ing now?
In 1839 at the age of just 19, Bec-
querel built the worlds first photovol-
taic panel, later inspiring the imagina-
tions of millions of people worldwide,
including legendary scientist Albert
Einstein. Still, it took another 115
years before Bell Labs invented the
first modern silicon solar cell.
Its no stretch to say that recently, the
solar timeline has rocketed forward at
warp speed.
Continuing its explosive growth, the
U.S. solar industry had another record-
shattering year in 2013. According to
GTM Research and the Solar Energy In-
dustries Associations Solar Market In-
sight Year in Review 2013, photovoltaic
installations expanded rapidly last year,
increasing 41 percent over 2012 to reach
4,751 MW of new capacity. In addition,
410 MW of concentrating solar power
came online in 2013. Consumers nation-
wide benefitted from this growth as the
cost to install solar fell throughout the
year, ending 15 percent below the record
low set at the end of 2012.
When the final 2013 numbers were
added up, there were 440,000 operating
solar electric systems across the United
States, totaling more than 12,000 MW of
PV and 918 MW of CSP.
What does this mean for you? Well
today, solar is the fastest-growing source
of renewable energy in America, generat-
ing enough clean, reliable and affordable
electricity to power more than 2.2 mil-
lion homes and were just beginning to
scratch the surface of our industrys enor-
mous potential. Last year alone, solar cre-
ated tens of thousands of new American
jobs and pumped tens of billions of dol-
lars into the U.S. economy. In fact, more
solar has been installed in the U.S. in the
last 18 months than in the 30 previous
years combined. Thats a remarkable re-
cord of achievement.
California continues to lead the U.S.
market and installed more than half of
all new U.S. solar in 2013. In fact, the
Golden State installed more solar last
year than the entire United States did in
2011. North Carolina, Massachusetts and
Georgia also had major growth years in
2013, installing 663 MW more than
doubling their combined total from the
year before. On the whole, the top five
states (California, Arizona, North Caro-
lina, Massachusetts, and New Jersey) ac-
counted for 81 percent of all U.S. PV in-
stallations in 2013.
Here are some of the other highlights
of the report:
t The amount of PV installed last year
was nearly 15 times greater than the
amount installed in 2008.
t Q4 2013 was by far the largest quar-
ter ever for PV installations in the
U.S. with 2,106 MW energized,
up 60 percent over the next largest
quarter (Q4 2012).
t The market value of all PV installa-
tions in 2013 was $13.7 billion.
t Solar accounted for 29 percent of all
new electricity generation capacity
in 2013, up from 10 percent in 2012.
This made solar the second-largest
source of new generating capacity
behind natural gas.
t Weighted average PV system prices
fell 15 percent in 2013, reaching a
new low of $2.59/W in the fourth
quarter.
t The new report forecasts 26 percent
U.S. Solar Industry
Has Record-Shattering
Year in 2013
BY RHONE RESCH, PRESIDENT, SOLAR ENERGY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION
1404PE_14 14 4/4/14 11:54 AM
1404PE_15 15 4/4/14 11:54 AM
www.power-eng.com
16
ENERGY MATTERS
amount of time it takes to access the
damage, identify the materials and get
the materials delivered.
If this is true, why dont utilities uti-
lize some of these new technologies
to help streamline a power restoration
process that in many cases takes weeks
to complete?
Even though drones have been around
for years, they have not been available for
commercial use. Currently, only public
agencies and individuals who have ac-
quired special certifcates of waiver can
use drones, and they must do so under
tightly controlled conditions. The Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) is cur-
rently working to establish guidelines for
commercial use. This year, the FAA has
approved six test sites across the country
to spend most of 2014 conducting re-
search and making recommendations so
that a regulatory framework can be put in
place by 2015.
Certifcates of Waiver or Authoriza-
tion (COA) are available to public enti-
ties that want to fy an unmanned air-
craft system (drone) in civil airspace.
Common uses today include law en-
forcement, frefghting, border patrol,
disaster relief, search and rescue, mili-
tary training and other government
operational missions. Obtaining a COA
would be one way that electric utilities
could be granted permission to utilize
drones for power restoration.
In any natural disaster, teamwork is the
key to quick resolution. Adding drones to
the utility crew can greatly speed up pow-
er restoration. Hopefully, regulators will
catch up to this new technology so that
2015 can see a faster return to normal life
for areas experiencing power loss.
S
tay home, if you can was the
message given to residents
of the Southeast as a major
winter storm pushed through the South-
ern and Eastern United States in mid-
February. However, this message was not
intended for the hundreds of electric util-
ity workers in those areas. Just the term
Ice Storm can bring a chill to linesmen
as they know the pressure, stress and
long hours that are in store, braving the
elements to restore power as quickly and
safely as possible under the worst condi-
tions. To most people it seems to take a
long time to get the power restored, but
they dont know why.
As the storm approaches, whether
its a winter storm, a hurricane or a
tornado outbreak, the utility is hoping
that either 1) the storm is not as bad as
predicted or 2) the storm changes path
and misses their system entirely. But in
either case, or if neither happens, they
must start getting ready. Material coor-
dinators must take a look at all of the
materials in stock as well as those that
are being delivered in the coming days.
They talk with their materials suppliers
to make sure vendors are ready in case
additional materials are needed. They
also need to have drivers in place to de-
liver the materials to the various sites.
At the same time, construction crews
are getting geared up making plans for
the long days ahead as well as contact-
ing neighboring utility crews to see if
they can help out with the restoration,
if needed.
However, until the storm hits and the
utility can assess what the actual damag-
es are, it is diffcult to know how long the
outages to the system will last. Until the
utility knows what needs to be fxed and
where, it is impossible to prioritize the
work, the materials, or the crews. Enter
the newest member of the power restora-
tion team: the unmanned drone.
Currently, accessing the damage to a
utilities system requires personnel on
the ground with knowledge of the pieces
that make up the system. Until someone
can identify that the crossarm bracket is
broken, or the insulator assembly is dam-
aged, or the strain clamp came loose, it
is diffcult to plan how many people are
required to fx the problem, let alone to
have the parts delivered and ready for
installation when the crew gets there. To
identify the problems usually requires
someone to walk along the right-of-way
to the affected area and make notes of the
problems. After assessing the damage, the
worker then walks back to the truck, radi-
os the supervisor to report what materials
are needed and proceeds to the next area
or line section to fnd more problems.
The supervisor collects the various feld
reports, totals the materials needed and
the locations where they are required,
and calls the information to the materials
coordinators to get the supplies delivered.
Simultaneously, supervisors are working
with the system operations personnel to
begin prioritizing the work.
However, with the drone as part of the
team, you can speed up the process of ac-
cessing the damage to the system. With
video capabilities and GPS coordinates,
assessment personnel can stay near the
vehicle and record on tablet computers
what materials are needed. This infor-
mation can be sent to the materials co-
ordinators and supervisors at the same
time. This approach greatly cuts the
The Newest Member
of the Power Restoration
Team: Drones
BY ROBYNN ANDRACSEK, P.E., AND DAVID WALLACE, P.E.
1404PE_16 16 4/4/14 11:54 AM
1404PE_17 17 4/4/14 11:54 AM
www.power-eng.com
18
NUCLEAR REACTIONS
and India, ExxonMobil sees big gains
in 10 key growth countries: Brazil,
Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, South
Africa, Nigeria, Thailand, Egypt,
Mexico and Turkey. By 2040, these 10
countries will have energy demand ap-
proaching the level of China. Several
of these countries already have oper-
ating nuclear plants and several oth-
ers are evaluating commercial nuclear
power programs.
Youll notice that there has been
no discussion of
the United States
and other mature
economies in this
discussion. Thats
because, for the most
part, urbanization
has played itself out
there. Birth rates
which are one of the
leading factors driv-
ing urbanization are relatively low in
these countries, so the lumpy slugs of
electricity demand are likely all in the
pastabsent a tectonic shift in electri-
fication, such as might accompany a
system-wide move to electric vehicles,
or a global commitment to carbon-free
generation sources.
That doesnt mean that nuclear pow-
er is finished as a generation option
in advanced economies. It just means
that the construction of 20 or 30 nucle-
ar plants at one time will be limited to
places like China and India.
Lets end with another quiz question.
How many people across the globe have
no access to electricity? A whopping 1.3
billion. Thats a lot of power plants
nuclear or otherwise.
L
ets take a little quiz. Question
#1: Whats the global population?
Take your timeand Ill give you
half a billion slack on either side.
The estimate at the time I wrote
this in mid-February was 7.2 billion.
Im guessing most of you were able to
come within the half billion mark.
Question #2: How many cities in the
world have a population greater than
10 million? This ones not so easy, but I
bet many of you could get within three
or four of the right answer. The right
answer is 22, according to the United
Nations.
Now lets look forward. How many
cities will have populations greater
than 10 million in 2040? Ten more?
Twenty more?
Actually, 31 more based on current
projections. And where will those
cities be? Not surprisingly, predomi-
nantly in China, with nine, and India,
with eight. As shown in the accompa-
nying graphic, the world is becoming
more urban. For example, whereas
only about 25 percent of the people
in China lived in urban areas in 1990,
that figure grew to 50 percent in 2010,
and is expected to reach 75 percent by
2040. India and Africa are following
similar tracks.
So what does this have to do with
nuclear power? Urbanization is closely
associated with energy demand, and
greater urbanization is projected to
lead to greater electrification around
the world, according to a study from
ExxonMobil, The Outlook for Energy: A
View to 2040.
The link between urbanization
and energy demand is tied to several
factors:
t The expansion of urban infra-
structure creates demand for iron,
steel, cement and other industrial
goods that are energy intensive.
t Urban income levels tend to be
higher than in rural areas
t Energy-intense manufactur-
ing and other industries cluster
around cities
t The number of people per house-
hold is usually lower in urban
settings, which
leads to a higher
number of actual
households.
Urbanization re-
sults in sizable,
lumpy demands for
energy and electric-
ity, which augur well
for nuclear power.
Urbanization tends to track to higher
levels of air pollution, which should
help nuclear power as well since its a
carbon-free generation source. Devel-
oping economies like China recognize
that excessive levels of pollution can
impact quality of life and the strength
of its economic engine. Steps to re-
duce adverse environmental impacts
through tighter controls on coal-
fired generation and closing of smaller
coal-fired plants indirectly support
nuclear growth.
Urbanization expands awareness
of and interest in the trappings of a
middle-class lifestyle, many of which
are tied to electricity, including larger
homes, air conditioning, appliances,
and electronic devices. Beyond China
Urbanization
and Nuclear Power
BY BRIAN SCHIMMOLLER, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
Greater
urbanization
is projected to
lead to greater
electrification
around the world.
- ExxonMobil
1404PE_18 18 4/4/14 11:54 AM
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www.power-eng.com
20
POWER PLANT PROFILE
The facility originally began as two
coal-fred units, with two additional
units added in 1948 bringing the pow-
er plants generating capacity to 198
MW.
In 1972, Duke built the 556-MW
Unit 5 half a mile from the original
facility. Since then, Unit 5 has under-
gone two major upgrades to reduce its
emissions, with a selective catalytic
reduction system being added in 2002
and a fue gas desulfurization system,
known as a scrubber, added in 2010.
The SCR system reduced nitrogen ox-
ide emissions by around 80 percent,
while the scrubber reduced sulfur di-
oxide emissions by around 99 percent.
In 2006, Duke proposed the con-
struction of two 800-MW supercriti-
cal units to the Cliffside site, although
only one of the units received approval.
As part of the proposal, the company
also planned to retire units 1 through
4 at the site, which had been in opera-
tion for more than 50 years. The de-
cision to retire the four units became
enforceable in early 2012 as part of an
air permit-related settlement related to
the new Cliffside Unit 6 with several
environmental groups in which Duke
agreed to retire 1,667 MW of coal-fred
capacity without emissions control
technology.
Duke began demolishing units 1
through 4 last fall.
CONSTRUCTING UNIT 6
Although the two upgrades on Unit
5 had reduced emissions at the plant,
Duke stated the culmination of the
modernization project at the site was
the beginning of commercial operation
of the 825-MW Unit 6 on Dec. 30, 2012.
W
hile many power produc-
ers are shuttering their
coal-fred generating as-
sets and looking to other fuel sources
to replace the generation capacity,
Duke Energy has taken a more bal-
anced approach in replacing the capac-
ity lost from retiring older and less ef-
fcient units in its coal feet.
In addition to diversifying its gen-
eration mix, Duke Energy is modern-
izing its coal-fred assets with several
projects. While the Edwardsport Inte-
grated Gasifcation Combined Cycle
Station in Indiana may draw atten-
tion as one of the frst of its kind, The
Cliffside Modernization Project at the
James E. Rogers Energy Complex, for-
merly known as the Cliffside Steam
Station, drew upon commercially
proven systems that reduced the facil-
itys emissions while more than dou-
bling its generation capacity.
HISTORY
The James E. Rogers Energy Com-
plex began commercial operation as
the Cliffside Steam Station in 1940.
Modern Effciency
In Coal-Fired
Production
BY JUSTIN MARTINO, J.D., ASSOCIATE EDITOR
After Dukes modernization project, the James E. Rog-
ers Energy Complex generates more than twice the
electricity with 80 percent less SO
2
and half the NOx
and mercury. Photo courtesy of Duke Energy
1404PE_20 20 4/4/14 11:55 AM
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1404PE_21 21 4/4/14 11:55 AM
www.power-eng.com
22
SMART. PROVEN. POWER.
With hundreds of North American service locations and a global network, Volvo Penta delivers
whenever, wherever. Each location is backed by our customer service commitment: 24/7 technical
support, 24-hour critical parts availability, advanced real-time diagnostic tools, exible service
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SERVICE. COAST TO COAST. AROUND THE CLOCK.
emission rates for the Rogers Energy
complex, using proven technologies
that allow the facility to be classifed as
a minor source of hazardous air pollut-
ants. The plant uses a spray dryer ab-
sorber, fabric flter baghouse and wet
fue gas desulfurizer as well as the SCR
system. According to Duke, the combi-
nation of air quality controls removes
99.9 percent of fy ash emissions, 99
percent of SO
2
, 90 percent of NOx and
90 percent of mercury.
The improvements mean the plant
generates more than twice the electric-
ity that it did before the moderniza-
tion project with 80 percent less SO2
and half the NOx and mercury, Duke
said. Thermal impacts to the Broad
River have also been eliminated.
The air quality control system in
Unit 6 was verifed last October after
repeated performance testing, Duke
Duke selected CB&I as the EPC con-
tractor for the project. Construction of
the unit began in January 2008, and
fell within the projected budget of
$1.8 billion. Construction materials
included 348,000 linear feet of piping,
81,000 cubic yards of concrete, 36 mil-
lion pounds of structural steel and 4.4
million linear feet of power and con-
trol cable. The project was largely con-
structed inside the existing rail loop
serving the original units, and contrac-
tors had to coordinate work, includ-
ing extensive rail and coal unloading
modifcations, around coal deliveries
and minimize the impact of tie-in out-
ages at the existing units.
The project required rerouting a
nearby state highway and construct-
ing a new highway bridge to elimi-
nate an at-grade railroad and landfll
road crossings, which was done at no
cost to the state of North Carolina.
Unit 6 uses a spiral-would, near ultra-
supercritical Hitachi boiler and quad-
fow Toshiba turbine generator that
operate with main steam/reheat pres-
sures of 2932/678 PSIA and steam tem-
peratures of 1055F/1075F. The Unit
6 is designed to burn a wide range of
fuels, including bituminous and sub-
bituminous blends, and has a heat rate
of 8,806 Btu/kWh net.
According to Duke, one of the plants
key innovations is integration of the
operator Human Machine Interface
exclusively within an Emerson Ova-
tion DCS, which eliminated almost
all standalone controllers, PLCs and
displays.
EMISSIONS CONTROLS
Alstom provided the air quality con-
trol systems and guaranteed lowered
1404PE_22 22 4/4/14 11:55 AM
S1 Series
Insulation Resistance Tester
Think inside the box.
The new Megger S1 Insulation Resistance Testers provide a higher
performance range than any other comparable tester in a smaller, lighter
package. The remote control feature allows you total control of the unit
during testing, via USB to PC, removing all direct contact with the S1 unit
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stated in a release issued at the time.
During the time the company was going through the
air permitting process to build Cliffside Unit 6, there was
signifcant debate about whether a new coal unit could
achieve this level of emissions reductions, plant manager
Rick Roper said. We can close that chapter and put those
concerns to rest. This units air permit is one of the most
restrictive in the country, and its performing very well.
The testing showed that emissions from the plant were
well below permit limits under full load conditions. Test-
ing showed SO
2
emissions of 0.02 to 0.04 lb/MMBtu, NOx
emissions of 0.04 lb/MMBtu and mercury emissions of
0.001 to 0.008 lb/GW-hr. The plants permit limits allows
for SO
2
emissions of 0.12 lb/MMBtu, nitrogen oxides emis-
sions of 0.07 lb/MMBtu and mercury emissions of 0.019
lb/GW-hr.
Duke stated that future test results may vary, but control
equipment will assure compliance well below permit lim-
its. The company noted the performance of Unit 6 shows
it will be well-positioned to demonstrate compliance with
1404PE_24 24 4/4/14 11:55 AM
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that will be in effect by April 2015.
REUSING AND RECYCLING
While the Rogers Energy Complex manages to provide more
effcient energy with fewer emissions, it is also designed to be
effcient in other ways.
The cooling tower blowdown is used as makeup for the wet
scrubber, and the wet scrubber purge stream is used as makeup
for the dry scrubber. Synthetic gypsum, a byproduct of the wet
scrubber, is recycled to make wallboard.
The unit also uses closed-loop cooling towers that allow
for the water drawn from the Broad River to recirculate,
which minimizes the intake from the river the company
stated the systems cooling system allows the plant to with-
draw 80 percent less water from the Broad River than pre-
vious operating conditions.
Units 5 and 6 also share a common stack, which allowed for
The Rogers Energy Complexs cooling system enables the plant
to withdraw 80 percent less water than it did before the modern-
ization project.Photo credit: Justin Martino
1404PE_25 25 4/4/14 11:55 AM
www.power-eng.com
26
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show how coal-fred power can be ef-
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down.
cost savings in the project, Duke stated.
Additional savings in the project in-
cluded the use of the sites existing water
intake, transmission facilities and other
plant systems.
LOOKING TO THE FUTURE
Duke currently has plans to retire
nearly 6,300 MW of coal capacity in
the coming years, which represents
25 percent of its coal feet. According
to the company, it retired more than
3,800 MW of its older coal capacity by
the end of 2013.
The company has worked on keep-
ing its generation feet diversifed.
However, Keith Trent, Duke Excecutive
Vice President and Chief Operating
Offcer of Regulated Utilities, said coal
is an important part of the mix while
speaking at COAL-GENs keynote ses-
sion last August.
The Rogers Energy Complex helps
The 825-MW Unit 6 had a budget of roughly $1.8 billion and entered
commercial operation on Dec. 30, 2012. Photo credit: Justin Martino
1404PE_26 26 4/4/14 11:55 AM
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28
and chromium being two impurities of
focus. The proposed limits are 1 part-per
million (ppm) and 0.2 ppm, respectively.
However, state regulators may impose
limits on other cooling water discharge
constituents, and regulations are now
emerging that include limits on the fol-
lowing constituents:
t Total dissolved solids
t Sulfates
t Zinc
t Copper
t Chromium
t Phosphate
t Ammonia
t Quantity of discharge
In addition, chloride and bromide may
be being examined. At the same time,
regulators are pushing some plants to use
A
t POWER-GEN Inter-
national 2013 and a
follow-up water treat-
ment seminar hosted by
Veolia, much informa-
tion was offered regarding the status
of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agencys Effluent Limitation Guide-
lines (ELGs) for liquid discharges from
power plants.
While significant focus has been on
coal-fired plants and discharges from
wet scrubbers and coal ash ponds,
personnel at natural-gas fired plants,
particularly combined-cycle units,
must also deal with stringent effluent
regulations.
Compounding these difficulties,
some plants are being required to use
reclaimed water or other less-than-
pristine sources for makeup. Meeting
effluent guidelines is made more diffi-
cult when the influent is poor quality.
Throughout the latter decades of the
20
th
Century, power plant chemists
and technical personnel primarily had
to deal with the following parameters
in various plant discharges:
t Oil and grease (O&G)
t pH
t Total Residual Oxidant (chlorine,
bromine, or chlorine dioxide in
the cooling water discharge)
t Total suspended solids (TSS)
Relatively straightforward chemical
treatment and/or operational methods
were sufficient to keep this chemistry
within guidelines.
Now, the story is radically changing,
even for discharge streams not influ-
enced by coal combustion.
Wastewater Treatment Issues
for Combined Cycle Plants
BY BRAD BUECKER, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
NEW STEAM-GENERATED
POWER PRODUCTION
Improved access to large reserves of
shale gas coupled with what some term
the EPAs war on coal have caused a
tremendous growth in simple- and es-
pecially combined-cycle power plants
for new electricity generation. Few water
treatment systems at new combined-cy-
cle projects call for once-through cooling,
no doubt due to pending 316a and 316b
regulations. Rather, all new proposals
specify cooling towers or in some cases,
air-cooled condensers. In the former situ-
ation, cooling tower blowdown typically
constitutes by far the majority of spent
water discharged from the plant.
The EPA has addressed cooling tower
blowdown in their proposed new Efflu-
ent Limitations Guidelines, with zinc
Author
Brad Buecker is a process specialist
with Kiewit Power Engineers in Lenexa,
Kan., and a contributing editor for Power
Engineering.
WATER ISSUES
1 Cooling Tower Blowdown vs. Cycle of Concentration
This graphic outlines the discharge quantities for cooling system with very reasonable values for
evaporation and circulating water fow.
B
l
o
w
d
o
w
n

(
g
p
m
)
2000.0
1800.0
1600.0
1400.0
1200.0
1000.0
800.0
600.0
400.0
200.0
.000.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
C
Recirculating fow = 100,000 gpm
Range = 25 degrees F
Evaporation Factor = 0.75
1404PE_28 28 4/4/14 11:55 AM
www.power-eng.com
29
While significant focus has been on
coal-fired plants and discharges from
wet scrubbers and coal ash ponds,
combined-cycle units must also deal with
increasingly stringent effluent regulations.
1404PE_29 29 4/4/14 11:55 AM
www.power-eng.com
30
produced at cathodic corrosion sites to
generate a zinc hydroxide [Zn(OH)
2
]
film that helps to inhibit reactions at
cathodes. Tight restrictions are also be-
ing placed on copper in some locations,
with discharge limits reportedly as low
as 12 parts-per-billion (ppb). For new
plants, copper is often not a problem as
system components are almost entirely
fabricated of steel. However, I have come
across facilities that have cooling towers
fabricated of wood, in which the wood
was treated with a copper preservative.
Copper leaches from the wood, and may
concentrate above discharge guidelines
during unit outages. Chromium is an al-
loy component of some steels, and thus
may appear in small concentration in
steam generator blowdown. Normally,
chromium is of greater concern when it
appears in chemical cleaning spent so-
lutions, where much of it may be in the
hexavalent (Cr
+6
) form, the toxic form of
chromium.
With respect to the common cooling
tower phosphate/phosphonate programs
of the past, and still in many cases the
present, concern continues to grow re-
garding the impact of phosphate as a nu-
trient in receiving bodies of water. Algae
blooms have caused enormous problems
at times. Zero phosphate residual is ap-
pearing in some new NPDES permits.
In the same vein, ammonia discharge is
coming under tighter control. Ammonia
alternatives to fresh water for makeup.
These sources include reclaim water from
municipal wastewater treatment plants
and low-purity groundwater. California
is a notable example regarding reclaim
water use, per their Title 22 regulations.
REASONING BEHIND
NEW GUIDELINES
The logic behind the selection of the
original four impurities, pH, O&G,
TSS, and residual oxidants is easily un-
derstandable. Suspended solids such as
coal and ash particles can fill receiving
bodies of water with material. Excur-
sions in pH, where a common regulated
range has been 6.0 to 9.0, can be fatal to
aquatic creatures, as can release of exces-
sive oxidants. Oil and grease, and similar
carbon-based materials, if released in ex-
cess will increase the biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD) of waters, which in turn
can reduce oxygen concentration and
harm aquatic creatures.
Researchers now conclude that other
impurities, including those just outlined,
are also harmful. Many heavy metals
are toxic to aquatic organisms, and in the
modern power industry two of the most
common that might be released in a plant
discharge are zinc and copper. For many
years, a small dosage of zinc served as an
integral part of phosphate/phosphonate
based cooling tower treatment programs.
Zinc reacts with hydroxyl ions (OH
-
)
in small concentrations serves as a nutri-
ent for aquatic plant growth, while on the
other hand, accidental releases of large
quantities have been known to cause
substantial fish kills.
Limits are also appearing for dis-
solved solids and salt content of waste-
water. At one plant I recently visited,
the previous NPDES permit only called
for monitoring of TDS. The new permit
limits TDS in the wastewater discharge
to slightly over 1,000 ppm and sulfates
to just a few hundred ppm. This has
major implications for cooling tower
makeup and cycles of concentration,
as we will examine shortly.
This list of new impurities is only ex-
pected to grow in upcoming years. For ex-
ample, at coal plants with wet scrubbers,
discharge of contaminants, including
arsenic, mercury, selenium and boron, is
also being regulated. While these impu-
rities are not common to the combined-
cycle industry, expect to see other metals
show up in future discharge regulations.
WASTEWATER IMPURITIES
When fresh water supplies were more
plentiful, many plants took makeup wa-
ter from a lake, reservoir, or river. Now,
many plants are being required to use less
pristine water, such as treated municipal
waste or possibly high-TDS groundwa-
ter. These makeup stream chemistries
can have enormous impact upon cool-
ing tower operation and wastewater dis-
charge. For example, I recently observed
data from a proposed plant in which a
snapshot analysis of the planned tertiary-
treated makeup indicated 5 ppm of phos-
phate and 14 ppm of ammonia! In other
cases, the phosphate concentration may
reach 20 ppm.
Another issue of potential concern
regards TDS and sulfate restrictions.
A common makeup water treatment
process for many years in cooling
tower applications has been sulfuric
acid feed to remove bicarbonate alka-
linity (HCO
3
-
), which in turn reduces
2 Generic outline of an emerging wastewater
treatment technology
CT
Blowdown
UF or MG
NaHSO
3
Sodium
Softener
NaOH
High pH RO Unit
Reject to Pond
or E/C
Permeate Return
to Process
1404PE_30 30 4/4/14 11:55 AM
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Dire Conditions
Can dictate the need to operate gas turbine back-up liquid fuel systems
consider a cooling tower where 150 ppm
of alkalinity needs to be removed, but
where the limit for sulfate discharge is
400 ppm. The tower would have to oper-
ate at less than three cycles of concentra-
tion (COC) if sulfuric acid were utilized
for bicarbonate removal. Consider also if
the makeup was a well water with say 400
the potential for calcium carbonate
(CaCO
3
) scaling.
H
2
SO
4
+ HCO
3
-
A HSO
4
-
+ H
2
O + CO
2
B
By virtue of the stoichiometry and
molecular weights, sulfuric acid and al-
kalinity react on a 1:1 weight basis. So,
ppm TDS, but with a TDS discharge limit
of 1,200 ppm. Again, the maximum
COC would be limited to three.
These scenarios are potentially of great
concern where the quantity of cooling
tower blowdown is limited. Figure 1 out-
lines the discharge quantities for cooling
system with very reasonable values for
evaporation and circulating water flow.
As is evident, at three COC the
blowdown rate is 600 gpm, but if the
tower could be operated at six COC,
the blowdown rate drops to approxi-
mately 250 gpm.
DEALING WITH ALL
THESE ISSUES
So, how do personnel deal with these
issues, either at existing plants or at fa-
cilities in the planning stage, and where
air-cooled condensers are not an op-
tion? One noted expert feels that new
systems should be designed with zero
liquid discharge (ZLD) as the goal, with
the thought that NPDES regulations will
only become more stringent, so the de-
sign should meet all future contingencies.
We will return to ZLD thoughts shortly.
For existing plants, process and/or
equipment modifications are possible
to address some of these issues. The
following list outlines a number of
these possibilities.
t Alternative programs based on poly-
mer feed have been developed for
cooling tower treatment. Polymers
are not inexpensive, but they can
eliminate phosphate discharge.
One noted expert
feels that new systems
should be designed
with zero liquid
discharge as the goal,
with the thought that
NPDES regulations will
only become more
stringent.
1404PE_32 32 4/4/14 11:55 AM
www.power-eng.com
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3
Reclaim makeup to a cooling tower with all blowdown
returned to the WWTP
WWTP
Infuent
Evaporation
WWTP
Makeup
Cooling Tower
Blowdown
Treated WW
To River
- CooIing owci poIymci piogiams
can aIso hc dcsigncd o conioI caIci-
um caihonac scaIing, wlicl wouId
icducc oi in somc cascs cIiminac
lc nccd foi suIfuiic acid fccd o ic-
ducc hicaihonac aIlaIiniy.
- AIlougl a sccmingIy cxicmc mca-
suic a imcs, malcup waci cIaiifi-
caion and Iimc sofcning lavc hccn
uiIizcd o icmovc laidncss-foim-
ing consiucns fiom cooIing owci
malcup. 1lis pioccss can hc piaci-
caI foi ligl-laidncss gioundwacis
la may aIso lavc a ligl siIica con-
ccniaion, oi foi malcup la con-
ains plosplac. 1lc piohIcm wil
fuII-fIow malcup waci icamcn
of any lind is la mos of lc waci
is Ios o cvapoiaion in lc cooIing
owci. 1lus, lc malcup waci fIow
iac is aIways mucl gicaci lan is
1404PE_33 33 4/4/14 11:55 AM
www.power-eng.com
34
land area, evaporation ponds may be
sufficient to handle the wastewater dis-
charge. However, these ponds have to be
lined to prevent seepage of the wastewa-
ter with its impurities into the underlying
soil and possibly shallow aquifers.
Another alternative, at sites strategi-
cally located, is to have the wastewater
trucked off-site to a waste disposal com-
pany. Transportation and disposal costs
for this method may be rather expensive.
If none of the above options are
available, thermal evaporation of the
waste stream may be the only option.
Due to the energy requirements of
evaporators, or to reduce costs for the
other processes mentioned above, it
can be very beneficial to recover most
of the waste stream for reuse and re-
duce the discharge quantity. A rapidly
emerging technology to do so is out-
lined in Figure 2.
One version of this process is licensed
for various markets as HERO by such
firms as Aquatech, GE, and U.S. Water,
while Veolia supplies their Opus technol-
ogies. Keys to the process are:
t Micro- or ultrafiltration (UF) to
evidenced in the blowdown alone.
t If ammonia discharge is of concern,
and the makeup water contains sig-
nificant quantities of ammonia, it
may be necessary to treat the waste-
water with chlorine to convert the
ammonia to elemental nitrogen.
Residual chlorine must then be re-
moved by feed of a reducing agent
such as sodium bisulfite to the dis-
charge. An ammonia removal sys-
tem could be rather complicated
given the variable nature of the
impurity. Another alternative, al-
though not common at present for
power plants, is ammonia stripping
of the makeup water stream.
t If the discharge quality does not
have tight restrictions but the quan-
tity is of concern, then per Figure 1
the COC can be increased to reduce
blowdown.
t Conversely, if the quality is restricted
but quantity is not, reducing COC
may put the wastewater discharge
within guidelines. An important
factor in this scenario is a potential
restriction on makeup water quanti-
ty. If this volume is restricted, lower
COCs may not be an option.
ZLD TO THE RESCUE?
Now, let us step into a bit of discus-
sion regarding ZLD. This process is
often rather complex. Perhaps most
straightforward, but with a large caveat,
is the question, Can the discharge be
permitted for deep well injection with-
out any quantity limits? Such wells are
often several thousand feet deep to avoid
any discharge into shallow groundwa-
ters used for domestic purposes. While
this concept sounds simple, experience
has shown that some wastewaters can
generate scale within the well casings,
particularly as the water warms further
underground. High-pressure is generally
required for this process, and if scale for-
mation occurs capacity may decrease.
At plants in arid locations with a large
remove suspended solids in the
waste stream.
t Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO
3
) feed to
remove residual oxidizing biocides.
t A sodium softener to remove cal-
cium and magnesium.
t Sodium hydroxide injection to el-
evate the pH above 10. (The combi-
nation of hardness removal and pH
elevation keeps silica in solution.)
t Two-pass reverse osmosis (RO)
treatment to recover 90 percent of
the water.
While the process appears straightfor-
ward, I can report on a number of direct
lessons learned with the technology in
actual application. These include,
t Use of cationic polymers in the cool-
ing water or for pre-treatment to the
system can be quite deleterious. UF/
MF and RO membranes often have
a negative surface charge. The poly-
mers will attach like glue, making
the membranes unusable.
t Subsequent to discontinuation of the
polymer feed, the UF membranes
were changed from an inside-out
normal flow path to outside-in. This
4 The fow schematic with a control volume boundary
WWTP
Infuent
Evaporation
WWTP
Makeup
Cooling Tower
Blowdown
Treated WW
To River
1404PE_34 34 4/4/14 11:55 AM
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another facility where the mem-
branes suffer from magnesium
silicate fouling.
These issues aside, it is obvious that this
technology can greatly reduce the volume
of wastewater that must then be disposed
to reach complete ZLD. Energy costs for a
thermal evaporator or land area for evap-
oration ponds are much lower with a 90
percent reduction in wastewater volume
prior to final treatment.
A RECLAIM
WATER SCENARIO
Very recently, the author became in-
volved in a project where reclaim water
will be used as the makeup to a power
plant cooling tower, but where the entire
blowdown will be recycled to the waste-
water treatment plant. Another plant in
the area is already doing so.
greatly improved the ability of the
regular backwash sequences to
keep the membranes clean.
t A cooling tower of course cycles
up the makeup stream and in-
creases both suspended and dis-
solved solids concentrations. In
this particular application, as
with most modern systems, peri-
odically the backwash sequence
includes a chemically-enhanced
backwash, in which the mem-
branes are scrubbed with an alka-
line-bleach solution to remove or-
ganics and microbes, followed by
an acid stage to remove iron par-
ticulates. In this case, the alka-
line CEB induced calcium silicate
scaling on the membranes. The
remedy has been a change to soft-
ened water for CEBs. This mecha-
nism appears to be a difficulty at
At first glance, the natural inclination
is to believe that complete blowdown re-
covery would cause a continual increase
in solids within the system. However, if
one examines this schematic using a con-
trol volume diagram, the issue becomes
more clear.
The recycle of blowdown is an internal
process, and after startup of the system
as the blowdown solids concentration
increases, at a certain point the amount
of solids exiting the process balances
the amount entering. The author has
prepared an iterative program in Ex-
cel that demonstrates this calculation.
It should be noted that a blowdown
treatment system, perhaps a lime soft-
ener, may be needed to prevent excess
accumulation of scale-forming solids
in the WWTP. Such a system, with
equipment to generate a solid sludge,
can establish ZLD conditions.
1404PE_35 35 4/4/14 11:55 AM
www.power-eng.com
36
control system, which made it very dif-
ficult to self-troubleshoot and respond
quickly to turbine issues. Peaking pow-
er plants are regularly under the gun to
bring assets online quickly. If the com-
bustion turbine does not start properly,
operators need to be able to diagnose
and address the root cause quickly, or
they miss their opportunity to run. That
can result in expensive penalties as well
as lost revenue.
The OEM control system also present-
ed safety issues, because it was housed
in a control cabinet that contained all of
the electrical equipment. On one side
were the 480 V distribution breakers,
and on the other side was the control
equipment and HMI where the operator
S
everal years ago, the own-
ers of Iberdrola Renew-
ables Klamath Cogenera-
tion Plant in Oregon began
looking for an alternative
control system strategy for their Pratt
& Whitney FT8 turbines. They turned
to ABB for help in developing an open
system that would give them the free-
dom to take true ownership of the op-
eration, improve starting reliability and
successfully enter into more profitable
contracts.
EXISTING CONTROL
SYSTEM PROBLEMATIC
The Klamath operators had long been
frustrated by the OEMs black box
New Control System
Solves
Problems at
Cogen Plant
BY ED DUPRE, ABB INC.
Iberdrola Renewables Klamath Pratt & Whitney FT8 Turbines.
Photo courtesy of ABB
would stand to start and stop the equip-
ment. At the end of this long rectangular
room were the 13.8 kV generator circuit
breakers, less than ten feet from where
the operator would stand to start and
stop the turbine. That put the operator
squarely within an arc-flash zone.
PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
Klamath identified the need to re-
place the control system with a more
reliable, open-architecture control sys-
tem that would allow them to be more
aggressive in marketing the plant.
That was the key to justifying the proj-
ect. A new control system would en-
able them to meet more demanding
reliability requirements and create the
opportunity for additional revenue. It
would also allow their traders to be
more aggressive in the spot market.
THE SOLUTION
Klamath asked ABB to help them
solve the black box problem. ABB
came back to Klamath with a totally
POWER PLANT CONTROLS
Author
Ed Dupre is a Senior Marketing Consultant
for ABBs Power Generation business.
Black Box
1404PE_36 36 4/4/14 11:55 AM

www.power-eng.com
37
have two channels that operate indepen-
dently of one another. Each has the abil-
ity to trip the stop
valve directly and
each channel pro-
vides alarms. This,
along with the TPM
taking action direct-
ly from the I/O lev-
el, allows the ABB
control system to
protect the turbine
better than the original control system.
Troubleshooting
Klamath operators now have the
long-desired ability to take full control
and ownership of their turbine opera-
tions. They have total visibility into the
control system. The new control system
has an engineering workstation that al-
lows Klamath to see live data flowing
across the logic, and to tune and change
open control system solution that would
meet their needs. The new turbine con-
trol system provided control for:
t Hydraulic Starter
t Surge Protection
t Thrust Balance Valve
t Cold Air Buffer
t Bleed Valve Scheduling
t T3 Synthesized Temperature
t Exhaust Temperature References
t NH DOT/CDP Acceleration and De-
celeration Limits
t Inlet Guide Vanes and Variable Sta-
tor Vane Scheduling
t Water Injection
t Lube Oil System
t Water Wash
t Ammonia Injection, CEMS and
Evaporator Coolers
t Generator/Voltage Regulator/Ex-
citer Interface
t Vibration Interface
ABB also worked with Klamath to
develop several enhancements over
the original control
system, examples of
which are described
in the following para-
graphs.
Surge protection
ABBs standard tur-
bine protection mod-
ule (TPM) is a specially
designed I/O module
with onboard intelligence to facilitate the
high speed processing of trip signals. The
TPM was used for surge protection on
this project. This required ABB to modify
the standard TPM to accommodate com-
pressor discharge pressure transmitters,
which are used to recognize a surge con-
dition. The original control system had
a single transmitter. If it failed, the unit
would trip. ABB modified the TPM to
Enhanced Permissive Monitoring 1
Tags and graphics were customized for the operators, which reduce errors and improves response
time. The operator can analyze everything and take action from one simple graphic.
The FT8 control
system led to vast
improvements in
the availability,
reliability and overall
performance of
the units.
1404PE_37 37 4/4/14 11:55 AM
www.power-eng.com
38
- 1lc ncw conioI syscm aIIowcd
KIamal o quiclIy icsoIvc an oiI
pump faiIuic wil a woilaiound
inscad of waiing foi a icpIaccmcn
pump la wouId lavc mcan a
wccl-Iong dcIay.
- 1lc syscm cnahIcs KIamal o malc
sIigl modificaions o low lc pio-
ccss woils. 1lcy can clangc lings
sucl as lc amoun of gas picssuic
icquiicd o sai lc uihinc. 1la
simpIc clangc hy iscIf significanIy
impiovcs saiing icIiahiIiy.
Olci impiovcmcns madc duiing lc
pio}cc incIudc:
- 1lc ncw lius haIancing Iogic aI-
Iows foi monioiing of lc posi-
ionci and impiovcd aIaim managc-
mcn. Opciaois now lavc a giaplic
imagc of lc cniic pioccss and lc
ahiIiy o manuaIIy posiion lc
vaIvc o hcci haIancc lius.
- Opciaois can monioi lc cxlaus
gas cmpciauic (EC1) moic cffcc-
ivcIy and quiclIy idcnify piohIcms
wil lcimocoupIcs oi comhusois
liougl advanccd aIaiming, iun-
hacl and iip condiions.
- 1lc ncw lydiauIic saici syscm aI-
Iows monioiing and uning of lc
saicis pcifoimancc o hcci mcc
lc dcsiicd saiup iac. 1lc addi-
ionaI infoimaion piovidcd aIso
cnahIcs picvcnaivc maincnancc.
- 1lc govcinoi giaplic dispIays Iivc
daa of lc cniic govcinoi and sc-
qucncci. 1lc opciaoi can scc aII
sc poin conioIIcis and lc pio-
ccss vaiiahIcs foi cacl, as wcII as
wlicl conioIIci is conncccd o
lc vaIvc oupu.
- 1lc ammonia, cvapoiaoi cooIci
and CEMS PLCs, consising of
icIay Iogic, IocaI anaIog conioI-
Icis and ficId dcviccs, wcic aII
incgiacd ino lc ncw syscm.
AII ciiicaI ficId dcviccs wcic in-
cicascd o piovidc icdundancy,
and aII vaIvc conioI macios wcic
upgiadcd foi pIan consiscncy.
- 1lc oiiginaI waci wasl syscm was
no fIcxihIc. 1lc cniic wasl iouinc
lad o iun fiom sai o finisl. If
somcling maIfuncioncd duiing
lc iouinc, i lad o hc icsaicd
fiom lc hcginning. 1lc ncw waci
wasl Iogic is ad}usahIc and cusom-
izcd o lc pIan's dcsiic.
KIamal aIso ool advanagc of lc
ncw syscm insaIIaion o malc plysi-
caI impiovcmcns la cnlancc safcy.
An addiion o lc cxising huiIding
was huiI o lousc lc ncw conioI sys-
cm. 1lis ncw configuiaion ficcs lc
opciaoi fiom lc dangci of aic fIasl
and olci cIcciicaI lazaids.
CONCLUSION
1lc F18 conioI syscm dcvcIopcd
hy IhcidioIa and ABB is dcsigncd fiom
lc cnd-usci's pcispccivc.
I piovidcs lc infoimaion nccdcd
o malc quicl dccisions and mainain
opimaI pcifoimancc of lc uni. Ac-
coiding o IhcidioIa, lc opcn and inui-
ivc conioI syscm Icd o 'vas impiovc-
mcns in lc avaiIahiIiy, icIiahiIiy and
ovciaII pcifoimancc of lc unis.
lc Iogic in lc conioIIcis hascd on
Iivc daa. 1lis aIIows piohIcms o hc
soIvcd moic quiclIy.
Operator effectiveness
1lc ncw giaplics lavc a Io moic
funcionaIiy lan lc picvious syscm.
1ags and giaplics wcic cusomizcd foi
lc opciaois, wlicl icduccs ciiois and
impiovcs icsponsc imc. Foi cxampIc, a
ncw giaplic was addcd idcnifying cacl
scp in lc pioccss icquiicd o sai lc
uihinc. If any of lc icquiicmcns aic no
mc, lc ncw conioI syscm spccificaIIy
idcnifics lc issuc. If i's an opciaionaI
issuc, lc opciaoi can icspond o i iigl
away. If i's a pump la's no iunning,
lc opciaoi can uin i on. If a hicalci is
opcn, lc opciaoi can lavc i cIoscd. 1lc
opciaoi can anaIyzc cvciyling and alc
acion fiom onc simpIc giaplic.
1lcsc modificaions lavc aIicady
hcncficd lc pIan in scvciaI ways:
- A icccn clccl vaIvc issuc la
wouId lavc IilcIy alcn scvciaI
days and significan cffoi o soIvc
was diagnoscd and icpaiicd in a
fcw louis duc o lc impiovcd
iouhIcslooing ooIs and giaplics
piovidcd hy lc ABB syscm.
Enhanced Overview Graphic 2
The new control system allows Klamath to see live data flowing across the logic,
and to tune and change the logic in the controllers based on live data.
1404PE_38 38 4/4/14 11:55 AM
1404PE_39 39 4/4/14 11:55 AM
www.power-eng.com
40
BOILER
Cleaning Methods
& Techniques
Cleaning built-up slag deposits from a
fossil fuel boiler can increase efficiency
between 1 percent and 4 percent,
helping maximize revenues for a utility.
Photo courtesy of Clyde Bergemann.
many options when it comes to tech-
niques used to clear slag and ash build-
up. Cleaning practices vary from offline
cleaning, which requires a planned out-
age, to online cleaning that can occur
while the plant is still operating. Meth-
ods can use everything from sound
waves to dynamite.
ACOUSTIC CLEANING
One option for boiler cleaning is an
acoustic cleaning system, which can
knock ash off boiler tubes or selective
catalytic reduction systems with acoustic
energy without risking damage or fatigue
to the units. While this can be done by
using acoustic horns that can be retro-
fitted onto boilers, Advanced Acoustic
Technologies LLC uses a technique that
is engineered specifically for a plant.
Unlike the horn suppliers, our
acoustic devices are part of an engi-
neered, integrated system where the fre-
quency produced by the acoustic device
is determined by 3D element modeling,
AAT co-founder Robert van Dam said.
The process is similar to flow modeling,
except the company looks at the acoustic
aspects of how sound waves behave in an
enclosure.
The companys WaveMaster Acoustic
Cleaning systems provide continuous,
online, volume cleaning with soot blow-
ers used in a remedial role, van Dam said.
The company uses acoustic modeling to
determine the natural frequency of the
flue gas and decide the proper frequency
for the custom system as well as where it
needs to be placed in the boiler.
Our acoustic cleaners are designed
to be operated continuously if that is
required for the application, van Dam
F
or power plants burning
anything other than nat-
ural gas, boiler cleaning
is an important part of
keeping the plant work-
ing efficiently.
Over time, boilers will build up ash
that will form slag deposits on the boiler.
Slag acts as an insulation that protects
the tube from the heat of the boiler, cre-
ating a need to use more fuel to reach the
same temperature and produce the same
output as a clean boiler. Cleaning slag de-
posits inside a boiler can increase boiler
efficiency between 1 percent and 4 per-
cent. Clean boilers can also reduce emis-
sions produced by a power plant because
less fuel is required to produce the same
amount of power.
While the importance of boiler clean-
ing is clear, power plant operators have
BY JUSTIN MARTINO, J.D., ASSOCIATE EDITOR
1404PE_40 40 4/4/14 11:55 AM
Industrial Insulation Shaped by Experts
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1404PE_41 41 4/4/14 11:55 AM
www.power-eng.com
42
be very careful spraying the water direct-
ly into the boiler while its operating, he
said. Its an extremely critical process.
Whether cleaning can be done while
the boiler is online depends on the par-
ticular boiler. Although the company
routinely cleans boilers without having
to shut them down, Wise said it may not
be possible in every situation.
Online cleaning has multiple advan-
tages when it is possible, however.
If you take a boiler completely down,
it takes a lot of time to bring it back up,
Thompson Senior Sales Representative
Jim Walker said. It saves the utility time
and money to have that boiler up and
running when we do our deslagging.
Because of the high-volume pumps,
Wise said the company is able to clean
farther distances with their lances and
can be more effective because the lance
can go out more than 40 feet on either
Dam said the system is used to clean the
entire convection pass at Tennessee Val-
ley Authoritys 1,300-MW Cumberland
plant, which is 67 rows of tubes, with
two acoustic devices.
WATER LANCES
Another method for cleaning slag
from a boiler is using high-pressure wa-
ter jets. Thompson Industrial Services
uses high-volume, specialized hydro-
blasting equipment, with pumps that
can send up to1,200 gallons per minute
through the hoses. The company also
uses remote-controlled robotic cleaning
systems and other automated tools to
clean boilers.
Thompson Senior Business Develop-
ment Manager Carl Wise said the com-
pany is able to use water lances for both
online and offline cleaning, although
whether online cleaning is possible may
depend on the specific boiler.
You have to do online cleaning from
strategic positions because you have to
said. Theres no erosion. Its online, so
its running when the boiler is running,
and by being specific with the frequency
and the location we can place the acous-
tic effective area where we want it. Were
not just cleaning what is directly in front
of our device. Were cleaning a volume
because the acoustic cleaner is in reso-
nance with flue gas.
Acoustic cleaning works especially
well on dry and dusty deposits, van Dam
said. The company works with areas
where ash is below the fusion point, such
as horizontal tube banks in a utility boil-
er. The technology is not as effective in
superheaters or other other areas where
the ash is likely partially molten.
According to van Dam, the company
has seen excellent results on a wide va-
riety of fuels, including Powder River
Basin, pet-coke, bituminous and sub-
bituminous coals. The fully-optimized
sound field can penetrate throughout
several tube banks with the application
of only one or two acoustic cleaners. Van
Slag deposits on boiler tubs will act as
insulation, preventing the heat produced
by the boiler from transferring to the water
inside the tubes. Photo courtesy of Clyde
Bergemann
1404PE_42 42 4/4/14 11:55 AM
V1 - Forged & cast ball valves
ASME/ANSI Class 150 - 2500, 36
Integral seat design
Hard-faced seat & ball with HVOF coating - Rc 70
Blow-out proof stem
Live loaded packing
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equipping the most knowledgable people with
the latest technology, we have created solutions
where quality and dependability are build into
our products and services from start to finish.
Four-year zero-leakage guarantee
All ValvTechnologies valves manufactured for
the power industry are stringently tested to
meet the zero-leakage testing criteria & are
backed by a four-year, zero-leakage guarantee.
Parallel Slide Gate (PSG) Bi-directional, zero-leakage isolation
ASME/ANSI Class 300 - 2500, 6 36
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Electronic Relief Valve (ERV) Protection of safety valves
ASME/ANSI Class 150 - 2500, 12
ASME Sec. I, V-stamp capacity certifed
Integral isolation valve available
Easily adapted to existing controls
NEXTECH Trunnion mounted bi-directional isolation
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1404PE_43 43 4/4/14 11:55 AM
www.power-eng.com
44
May 6-7, 2014
Marriott Gaslamp San Diego, CA
KEYNOTE ADDRESS
Lauren Azar
Attorney & Advisor
Azar Law
Former Senior Advisor to Energy Secretary Chu
PRESENTED BY:
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CONNECT with the people
who CONNECT electric power
director of product management for
the boiler efficiency product division
with Clyde Bergemann Power Group
Americas Inc.. Our basic technology
does the bare minimum itll keep
the boiler clean and keep it online and
running. Our advanced technology is
where we get into targeting the areas of
boilers that really need to be cleaned
with the proper intensity, so we really
get into monitoring the boiler perfor-
mance and adjusting the cleaning pa-
rameters in real time, and thats where
the plant can gain efficiencies from us-
ing the advanced technology.
Intelligent soot blowing sys-
tems have several advantages over
traditional systems, Martin said. The
companys advanced technology can
increase the efficiency by 1 percent
over basic systems. Intelligent soot
blowing systems also only clean when
necessary, which avoids boiler tube
erosion.
Basic systems are blind to whats go-
ing on inside the boiler, Martin said.
There may be areas in your boilers
that are clean, but youre running a soot
blower because its time in the sequence,
so its blowing high pressure steam on
a bare tube, which can lead to erosion.
In addition, you may have areas of your
boiler that foul much more quickly and
because of the way the sequence is set
up, it may not be able to hit that area for
several hours. In those hours, that area
could really foul up significantly and
plug the boiler and cause a clinker or
severely restrict the heat transfer, forcing
them to have a shutdown.
Many coal-fired boilers built in the
side of the lance.
Thompson also performs many other
types of cleaning for power plants, in-
cluding hot ash removal and using a pro-
cess involving dry foam to remove com-
bustible dust, which can create a safety
hazard on the external part of the boiler.
SOOT BLOWERS
Soot blowers use compressed air,
steam or water to keep slag buildup
from occurring without the necessity
of taking the plant offline. Soot blow-
ers have been in use for some time
now, but, like many other aspects of
power plants, are becoming more so-
phisticated as time goes on.
We have a basic technology, and we
have our advanced technology, which
we call SmartClean, said Tim Martin,
Areas that collect dry coal ash, such as convection passes,
are suited for acoustic cleaning. Photo courtesy of Advanced
Accoustic Technologies
1404PE_44 44 4/4/14 11:56 AM
www.power-eng.com
45
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past 10 years were installed with intel-
ligent soot blower technology, Martin
said. Clyde Bergemann is also working
on retrofits for power plants that werent
originally equipped
with intelligent soot
blower technology.
EXPLOSIVES
Using explosives to
clean slag from boilers
isnt a new process, but
its one still in use that
many plant operators
prefer.
The method was first used by Norm
Harty of N.B. Harty General Contractor
Inc. Over the years, Harty said he and
his staff have built the procedure into a
state-of-the art technique that can quick-
ly clean the slag from a boiler and have it
back online.
To clean a boiler using explosives, Har-
ty said his company will use primer cord
around tubes that are close to avoid dam-
age. The cord has connectors to delay the
chargers, which he said is important to
avoid destroying the wall or insulation of
the boiler.
Harty said us-
ing explosives has
several advantages,
including speed and
convenience. With
dynamite, you can
put all of it in a pick-
up truck and clean
any boiler, he said.
Explosives also
have an advantage in areas where plants
are concerned about water use, he added.
Water is really scarce out west, and
this is another reason explosives are be-
ing used predominately in the western
plants, he said. They cant afford to
waste a drop of water, and by using dyna-
mite theyre able to save their water and
clean their boiler at the same time.
With dynamite, you
can put all of it in
a pickup truck and
clean any boiler.
- Norm Harty, N.B. Harty
General Contractor Inc.
1404PE_45 45 4/4/14 11:56 AM
www.power-eng.com
46
better performance for high-pressure
steam bypass, turbine bypass and other
critical power plant operations.
Actuators regulate mass and energy
flows by adjusting valves, flaps and cocks.
The actuator and valve create a single
unit the control valve. Actuators per-
form different motion sequences, includ-
ing linear, pivoting and rotating motions,
and they are powered by pneumatic, hy-
draulic or electrical energy.
Actuators receive a control signal from
VALVES &
ACTUATORS:
The Path to
Greater Efficiency
& Performance
BY RUSSELL RAY, MANAGING EDITOR
V
alves and actuators are
critical in almost every
aspect of power plant
operations. They are
used in a wide range of
applications, including pollution control,
feed water, cooling water, chemical treat-
ment, bottom ash and steam turbine con-
trol systems.
They are exposed to a variety of
chemicals, abrasive materials and very
high temperatures. They are critical in
optimizing efficiency, and they are often
the final control element in the operation
of a power plant.
Although the basic technology for
most valves and actuators has remained
unchanged, innovative applications
and design modifications for problem
solving have led to notable improve-
ments in actuator technology. These
improvements can reduce costs by sup-
porting the control valves ability to
throttle accurately, thereby providing
1404PE_46 46 4/4/14 11:56 AM
www.power-eng.com
47
automation systems. The signal is con-
verted into a motion so that the control
element of the actuating element assumes
a corresponding position. With control
valves, this is a stroke motion. With flaps,
ball cocks or rotary plug valves, this is a
pivoting motion.
To better understand the options avail-
able to power producers, Power Engineer-
ing reached out to the following compa-
nies for more information about valves
and actuators.
ROTORK
Power plants are complex in that there
are many different sub systems required
to deliver electricity. These plants were an
early adopter of distributed control sys-
tems to monitor and control the facilities.
Due to the arduous nature of the envi-
ronment, certain practices were adopted
to allow for reliability and maintenance.
Motor operated valves in particular are
key to plant performance. Until 20 years
ago motor operated valves tended to have
motor control centers remote from the
valve. This did not allow for the benefit of
technology advances in electric actuators.
The early 1990s saw a trend towards
smart actuators with integral data logging
capabilities. These actuators could also be
networked to provide the control system
to receive data that had occurred in the
actuator. Power plant designers started
to take advantage of this in the past 10 to
15 years. Today, there has been a major
change in the availability of better infor-
mation from the motor operated valves.
Instead of being alerted after the fact, the
electric actuators are now monitoring the
systems and providing data ahead of po-
tential failures in the equipment.
As an example, early actuators had
torque switches which tripped after
the valve had an internal failure which
caused it to require more force than origi-
nally designed for. The more recent smart
put to beneficial use and thus may be
proportionately reducing the amount of
electricity or revenue being produced.
While plants are designed with ancil-
lary equipment to compensate for some
of the effects of valve leakage, this adds
substantial costs to operations and the
capability is limited. Recent client ex-
perience includes mitigating cycle wa-
ter losses on a new generating plant in
which cumulative valve leakage rates
exceeded the make-up water system
capacity. This forced the plant to cur-
tail operations to allow the make-up
system to catch up demonstrating how
cycle isolation can directly impact plant
reliability and availability.
The cornerstone to capturing these
benefits is diagnostics. A systematic ap-
proach to accurately measuring valve
leakage eliminates uncertainties that
manifest as unnecessary added costs.
Improvements to valve leakage diagnos-
tic programs quickly result in plant per-
formance improvements as well as sus-
tained reductions to valve O&M costs.
YOUNG & FRANKLIN
Advances in the design and manufac-
turability of electrically powered actua-
tors have allowed for the replacement of
hydraulically actuated control valves and
guide vanes on heavy duty class combus-
tion turbines. Asset owners and opera-
tors benefit from reduced life cycle cost,
improved component reliability, and in
many cases interrelated components can
be eliminated, thereby improving system
reliability.
The hydraulic valve product is ma-
ture, but to ensure their reliability fre-
quent maintenance must be performed
on a 24,000 hour cycle minimum. Lack
of maintenance causes unpredictable
control performance such as start-fails,
forced trips, trips during controlled shut-
downs and loss of flame during transi-
tions. Hydraulic oil leaks of worn seals
and vulnerable fittings create slip and
fire hazards. On-site work includes messy
filter changes, replacement of lube-oil
varnish plagued servos and safety trip
Rotork IQ electric actuator being installed at a power
plant. Todays modern generation of intelligent, electric
actuators offers power plants a host of benefits,
including the potential of significant energy savings.
Photo courtesy of Rotork
actuators have an internal data logger in-
side which has had the ability to monitor
torque output.
The most recent electric actuator has
these two features plus more. The newest
feature is to have a monitoring set point
above the baseline torque and below the
over torque setting to alert the plant oper-
ator that there is an impending issue that
needs to be addressed.
Miscellaneous trip alarms are also in-
cluded to monitor things like starts per
hour to insure the internal contactors
are not being overused, perhaps due to
an actuator that is hunting because of a
faulty process signal. There are also main-
tenance interval settings that can be ad-
justed by the plant operator.
These newer actuators also have
expanded screens at the unit to allow
for better operator local diagnostics.
These are just a few of the upgrades
available today.
VALVTECHNOLOGIES
Leaking isolation valves are found ev-
erywhere in the steam generation indus-
try and equally widespread is the detri-
ment to P&L statements worldwide. How
can a simple worn, damaged or improp-
erly specified isolation valve have such far
reaching effects? The following summa-
rizes the adverse impact on four critical
plant performance measures: efficiency,
production, reliability and maintenance
costs.
Like all thermal engines, steam plants
are powered by energy differences and
the greater this difference, the greater
the fuel efficiency. Valves maintain the
separation by isolating the high energy
processes from the low energy processes.
When valves leak, they are acting in di-
rect opposition to the forces that drive the
plant by allowing energy to leave the high
energy processes and enter the low.
Another key characteristic of the steam
cycle is that production (or kilowatt-
hours) is governed by the steam rate or
mass flow through the cycle processes.
Steam or energy that is bled out of the
processes via leaking valves is not being
1404PE_47 47 4/4/14 11:56 AM
www.power-eng.com
48
the ball to seal. Whereas, with the float-
ing design, the ball is not fixed and is free
to make contact with both seats; sealing is
achieved by pre-loading the seats during
assembly and test. Both of these designs
offer a broad array of unique optional fea-
tures to provide the best possible product
to meet the end users applications and
expectations.
Apollo Valves is headquartered in Mat-
thews, N.C., with a bronze foundry and
manufacturing facilities in Pageland,
S.C., and a steel foundry and manufac-
turing facilities in Conway, S.C. Apollo
produces valves for the Commercial and
Industrial markets. Conbraco, Apollos
parent company, offers a full line of
bronze, steel and high alloy floating ball
valves for the industrial market.
S&K AUTOMATION
Bonomi North America has introduced
a new line of ANSI Class 150 flanged in-
dustrial full-port ball valves, designed
for easy automation with low operating
torque and direct actuator mounting. The
new split body valves accept any appro-
priately sized ISO standard actuator and
are performance-matched to Bonomis
Valbia electric and pneumatic actuators.
Designated the Valpres 766000 Series
(stainless) and 766001 Series (carbon
steel), the valves feature an ISO 5211
mounting pad and square stem, raised-
face flanges and Fire Safe certification
to API 607, 6
th
edition. In addition, they
are also certified to API 6FA. They are
designed to ANSI 16.5, ANSI 16.10 and
ANSI 16.34. They meet NACE MR 0175,
NACE MR 0103 and are TUV T.A. Lusft
approved.
Valpres 766000/766001 Series valves
are currently available in five sizes: 1,
1, 2, 3 and 4. They offer long ser-
vice life with minimal maintenance in
applications such as power generation,
pulp and paper, chemical/petrochemi-
cal processing, water treatment and skid
mounted pumping systems.
Standard features include virgin PTFE
seats, stainless steel ball and blowout
relays, unverified adjustment of valve
stem packings, and re-calibration. Off-
site work is typically a time-zero overhaul
of the valve and actuator at 48,000 hour
intervals.
Y&F set out to develop the EMA (elec-
tric motor actuator) product line with as-
set owners and operators in mind. Speci-
fications were based on real world duty
cycles, operating conditions and owner/
operator inputs while meeting or exceed-
ing original equipment performance
metrics. Development testing was based
on the most stringent requirement of
each category. All products were designed
to fit into the same envelope or smaller
than existing hydraulic products and are
suitable for many OEM turbine makes.
Retrofit projects can be completed within
typical outage duration with minimal
on-site modifications required.
The Y&F EMA product line is designed
for a 96,000 hour time-zero overhaul
cycle.
Owner/operators benefit from im-
proved reliability and realize mainte-
nance budget gains by eliminating the
recurring costs associated with lube oil
powered hydraulic actuators.
APPOLLO VALVES
The Ball valve has proven to be a highly
efficient valve product providing good
isolation with minimal pressure drop and
the ease of quarter-turn operation. The
simplicity of the designs makes it possible
to offer a variety of seating materials, end
connections, materials-of-construction,
body styles, thru-flow in Full or Reduced
Port designs, and is very adaptable from
manual operation to electric/pneumatic/
hydraulic automation.
There are as many different types of
ball valves as there are applications for
ball valves.
Two of the basic designs are commonly
referred to as, the Floating Ball Design
and the Trunnion Ball Design. Each
design has various pros and cons, but
typically the larger (6 and larger) higher
operating pressure/temperature valves
will be of the Trunnion design and the
smaller (1/4 to 12) floating design will
typically be used in lower pressure/tem-
perature conditions.
With the Trunnion design the Ball is
fixed in-place by a bottom trunnion, and
the stem-to-ball connection acting as the
upper trunnion. With the trunnion de-
sign the Ball does not come into sealing
contact with the Seats; the Seats are me-
chanically energized and move toward
Cycle Isolation testing utilizes acoustic
monitoring instruments to help customers
monitor valve performance. Photo courtesy of
ValvTechnologies
1404PE_48 48 4/4/14 11:56 AM
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50
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When Faure s Not An Opton
leavy 0uly Preural|c & lydrau||c va|ve Aclualors
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LehighFluidPower.com
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3teel 8ress Comosite 3teinless
to show the current position of the valve.
A light or display showing full closure of
a valve is incredibly useful because if the
valve/actuator is mounted high enough
or in dim light, the actuator indicator
may not be visible from ground level.
Having a local control station mount-
ed to the actuator makes for a very quick
and simple installation in the case of a
valve retrofit, and allows for quick com-
missioning in a new installation as the in-
stallers will not need to fabricate a switch
box for local control.
Operators really appreciate the con-
venience and safety offered by a well
placed remote-mounted local control
station which saves them from climb-
ing a tall ladder to close or change the
position of a valve located in an incon-
venient or dangerous location.
proof stem, and a locking handle that can
be secured in either the open or closed
position. The stainless steel body is cast
from ASTM A351-CF8M. The carbon
steel version is made from ASTM A216-
WCB. Optional high-temperature seats
are also available.
PROMATION
Local control stations are self-con-
tained signal generating units which are
attached to an actuator, or in the case of
an actuator in an inaccessible location,
mounted on the wall close to the actua-
tor it controls. It gives the ability to switch
the actuator off or from REMOTE to
LOCAL mode. An example of REMOTE
mode is when a central control room con-
trols the actuator. In case of emergency or
during maintenance work, the actuator
can be placed in LOCAL mode and then
opened, closed, or jog to the appropriate
safe condition. At the conclusion of the
outage or maintenance work, the actuator
is switched back to REMOTE mode and is
returned to its normal role in the overall
control scheme.
Local control stations are designed for
either 2 position, floating, or propor-
tional control, in many supply voltage
options, and have a wide selection of
switches and displays such as indicator
lights for open/closed position, end of
travel indicator lights, and LCD displays
The Valpres 766000 Series stainless steel
valve. Photo courtesy of S&K Automation
1404PE_50 50 4/4/14 11:56 AM
DECEMBER 911, 2014 / ORLANDO, FLORI DA / ORANGE COUNTY CONVENTI ON CENTER

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5 EVENTS + 5 DAYS
1404PE_51 51 4/4/14 11:56 AM
www.power-eng.com
carbonization , metal to metal sealed
water injection check valves rated for
service at 600 degrees F, multiple use
crush gasket technology which replace
o-rings with a 1000 degree F rating at
2000 psi and a zero emissions equipment
design which allows a turbine owner to
test the readiness of the liquid fuel system
without firing on oil are examples of the
JASCs unique technology.
These system specific products have
two common design goals. First, they pro-
vide reliable operation for at least 24,000
hours or until a scheduled turbine service
interval is reached. This provides the op-
timal timing for returning the valves to
the JASC facility for refurbishment after
three or four years of use.
Second, the valves must maintain
an ANSI Class 6 sealing capability from
installation until removal for refurbish-
ment. Elimination of reverse flow results
in separation between the turbine com-
bustion process and auxiliary systems
such as liquid fuel, purge air and water
injection. With no reverse flow of com-
bustion gasses into these systems, back-
up fuel system availability and reliability
typically exceeds 98 percent.
Finally, JASCs solutions are con-
figured to be interchangeable with
the turbines existing hardware. This
characteristic both minimizes the cost
and reduces the time associated with
performing fuel system upgrades on a
turbine of any age.
divider failures, fuel system evacuation,
exhaust temperature spreads and related
turbine trips have all been addressed by
designs developed by JASC Controls. Wa-
ter cooled check valves, which prevent
JASC CONTROLS
Over time, there may not be another
auxiliary system more maligned than
that of a back-up liquid fuel system on a
dual fuel gas turbine. The hardware short-
comings responsible for the inability to
start on liquid fuel or transfer from gas
to liquid fuel, check valve failures, flow
Local control stations like this one are simple to
install and operate. It gives the operator the ability
to switch the actuator off or from Remote to
Local mode. Photo courtesy of Promation
1404PE_52 52 4/4/14 11:56 AM
electric control valve actuator
RoIork CohIrols, Ihc.
675 Mile Crossing 8lvd.
Pochesler, NY !4624
phone. 585 247 2304
email. inlorolork.com
Flow CohIrol Flow CohIrol

Polork's new, exciling lQ3 generalion ol smarl, eleclric valve
aclualors incorporales advanced lechnology lhal provides a smarl
window inlo your power planl's process.
The lQ3's smarl window includes local access lo imporlanl
operalional and perlormance dala, normally available only
lhrough lhe Planl's conlrol syslem. Now, real-lime and
hislorical inlormalion is available locally, so you can easily
and quickly idenlily operalional, perlormance, and currenl
or polenlial mainlenance problems in lhe lield.
lQ3 aclualors oller a cosl-elleclive way lo maximize
planl perlormance, minimize mainlenance problems,
and help beller meel slringenl salely and
environmenlal regulalions.
ln addilion lo lhe lQ3 range, Polork ollers an
exlensive array ol eleclric, lluid power, eleclro-
hydraulic, and manual gear operalors
producls lhal can service every applicalion
and duly cycle lrom small process conlrol
valves lo super-large isolalion valves as well
as rolary, linear, or quarler-lurn
combuslion-air and llue-gas dampers.
Polork aclualors and drives have
demonslraled lheir ellicacy and
reliabilily in lossil-luel, nuclear, and
green-energy power planls around
lhe world. So, whelher you are
building a new planl or need lo
upgrade your currenl lacilily,
conlacl us loday.
5M6000 52 heavy-duty
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1404PE_53 53 4/4/14 11:56 AM
www.power-eng.com
54
NUCLEAR
partnering on the project with Mode-
lon, an international supplier of mod-
el-based systems engineering tools,
libraries and services; and Xogeny, a
start-up exploring ways to integrate
engineering models into web-based
analysis applications.
SMALLER SIZE, LARGE
ADVANTAGES
Small modular reactors are about
one-third the size of the current gener-
ation of nuclear power plants. Key ad-
vantages include the ability to fabricate
in the factory and de-
liver by truck or rail
to a site, zero carbon
emissions, lower ini-
tial cost, scalability,
and site flexibility.
SMRs could also pro-
vide better safety and
security than their
larger counterparts.
But, small or large,
modular or not, one
aspect that doesnt change is the need
for teamwork on a massive scale.
The design and licensing of new nu-
clear reactor concepts takes hundreds
of engineers and many different orga-
nizations, says Hale. And the simu-
lation of these designs for licensing,
safety, operations, maintenance and
economics requires close collaboration
among multi-disciplinary groups.
Following Modelons lead, ORNL is
turning to open-standards modeling
as embodied by Dymola, Modelica
and FMI.
LOW THRESHOLD
OF ENTRY
Dymola is software from Dassault
Systmes that uses the open-standard
Modelica language to model and
simulate the dynamic behavior and
performance of systems with com-
plex interactions. FMI (Functional
Mockup Interface) is an open-standard
interface that enables compiled mod-
els called FMUs (functional mockup
units) to be integrated into multiple
simulation environ-
ments.
FMUs can be used
outside of the origi-
nal authoring tool
or solver, opening
the way for wider de-
ployment through-
out the enterprise
and among qualified
partners.
Dymola, Modelica
and FMI are some of the key building
blocks for model-based systems engi-
neering (MBSE), which is defined by
three basic characteristics:
t multi-domain, where the phys-
ics from different engineering do-
mains and control configurations
can be simulated within the same
models;
t multi-fidelity, where models of
different sizes and complexity can
be used according to specific anal-
ysis needs; and
W
hen it comes
to modeling
for engineer-
ing simula-
tion, there are
haves and have-nots: those who have
the specialized skills needed to create
models for accurate simulations and
those who dont.
Not surprisingly, the haves are a vast
minority.
Modeling often suffers from the
limitations associated with propri-
etary products that require excessive
time and/or training for their effec-
tive use, says Richard Hale, principal
investigator for the advanced small
modular reactor program at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory (ORNL).
The answer for ORNL and other
organizations dealing with complex
assemblies requiring large-scale col-
laboration could be modeling based
on open standards.
FROM DECADES
TO YEARS?
ORNL recently completed a key
phase of a project to produce shareable
models and an easy-to-use interface
for collaborative development of small
modular nuclear reactors (SMRs).
The complexity of nuclear reactor
design and modeling is such that the
increased potential collaboration will
hopefully shorten the time for design
and development from decades to
years, says Hale.
Hale and his colleagues are
ORNL modeling
program to simulate
SMR designs
BY BOB CRAMBLITT
Author
Bob Cramblitt is a freelancer who writes
about computer-aided technologies.
The design and
licensing of new
nuclear reactor
concepts takes
hundreds of
engineers and
many different
organizations.
1404PE_54 54 4/4/14 11:56 AM
www.power-eng.com
55
While our nuclear past is symbolized by hulking,
concave, steam-emitting towers at enormous, expensive
facilities, our nuclear future is poised to look very dif-
ferent. Here, an artists rendering of the mPowers Twin
Pack site layout. Photo courtesy of Babcock & Wilcox
plant itself.
Models of different fidelities give us-
ers the ability to consider many differ-
ent variants and topologies for concept
assessment and system optimization.
These types of analysis can be per-
formed in the very early stages in the
design process, often before detailed
geometry is available.
From the modeling and simulation
standpoint, says Hale, models are
easier to build and modify. They also
provide a more convenient environ-
ment from which to set specifications.
In the current architecture and
simulation framework developed by
Modelon for ORNL, models are con-
figured on a web interface then down-
loaded for local simulation on a users
computer. This approach allows us-
ers to easily set parameters, download
models (FMUs) created in Modelica,
and automatically set up cases and
run them within the Excel add-in or
commonly used simulation programs.
The combination of a dynamic
modeling interface, supported librar-
ies, the modeling language and the
FMI Add-in for Excel enables nov-
ice modelers to run parametric cases
across a wide suite of models, says
Hale. Its a powerful combination
that did not exist previously for mod-
eling and simulating reactor designs.
TAKING IT TO THE CLOUD
The next major step in the ORNL
project is making the transition from a
local application to a web-based simu-
lation platform. Thats where the dual
expertise of Xogenys Michael Tiller
comes in. Tiller has 15 years of expe-
rience in the Modelica environment
and hes now turned his attention to
building web-based engineering archi-
tectures that employ open standards.
Xogenys goal is to use Modelica
and FMI as a springboard to a modern
t wide deployment, where mod-
els can be exported outside their
original environments and used
for a wide range of engineering
analyses.
Modelon was selected as an ORNL
project partner based on its expertise
in implementing MBSE for organiza-
tions in the automotive, aerospace and
energy business sectors. The company
offers a range of FMI-based products
and more than a dozen Modelica li-
braries for specific industries and
physical domains.
Modelon is helping us develop a
low threshold of entry for non-mod-
elers to simulate reactor design con-
cepts, says Hale.
MODELING AND
SIMULATION
MBSE focuses on interaction among
systems in different physical domains,
such as those between controls and the
1404PE_55 55 4/4/14 11:56 AM
www.power-eng.com
56
Bechtel and the Tennessee Valley Au-
thority have already submitted appli-
cations for construction and licensing
of the reactor at the Clinch River site in
Tennessee. The project is on schedule
to be completed by 2022. Clinch River
will be made up of
two, 180-MW mPow-
er reactors and con-
struction is expected
to take 36 months.
NuScale Power
LLC became the sec-
ond company to win
a funding opportu-
nity from the U.S.
Department of Energy to develop and
certify its 45-MW SMR.
NuScale, which is majority owned
by Fluor Corp., has partnered with
Rolls Royce and Energy Northwest to
develop the SMR. The company ex-
pects to have first plant operational
by the early 2020s. Fluor invested $30
million in NuScale in October 2011.
NuScale recently completed testing
activities of its helical coil steam gen-
erator (HCSG) at the SIET S.p.A. (SIET)
facilities in Italy.
During the testing phase, the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission con-
ducted a quality assurance inspection
of the testing activi-
ties.
Holtec Interna-
tional, along with
partners NuHub,
PSEG Nuclear and
SCE&G, said it will
continue to develop
its 60-MW SMR-160
despite not winning
any funding from the DOE. General
Atomics said it would also find anoth-
er way to develop its EM
2
SMR without
the funding.
Westinghouse has since shifted fo-
cus from developing its 225-MW SMR
to building and marketing its 1,100-
MW AP1000 reactor, saying there is
a customer base for the larger reactor
and not the smaller one.
approach that involves cloud comput-
ing and web-based user interfaces,
says Tiller. We want to make deploy-
ment of and access to models as fric-
tionless as possible.
It might take a village to design and
simulate a small modular nuclear reac-
tor, but it will go a lot smoother and
faster if villagers can make their contri-
butions in a way that is most comfort-
able for them.
It appears that ORNL, with the help
of Modelon and Xogeny, is on the right
path to the long-sought goal of large-
scale modeling and simulation col-
laboration.
SMR RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT
The following is a description of
projects related to the research and de-
velopment of SMRs:
Babcock & Wilcoxs Generation
mPower division was the first win-
ner of the $425 million DOE funding
for its 180-MW SMR. Project partners
Architecture
The architecture developed by Modelon serves as the starting point for all modeling work.
We want to make
deployment of and
access to models
as frictionless as
possible.
- Michael Tiller, Xogeny
1404PE_56 56 4/4/14 11:56 AM
TM
OWNED &
PRODUCED BY: PRESENTED BY:
TM TM
A U G U S T 2 0 2 2 , 2 0 1 4 | N A S H V I L L E , T E N N E S S E E
MU S I C C I T Y C E N T E R , H A L L B
WWW. C OA L - G E N . C O M
1404PE_57 57 4/4/14 11:56 AM
www.power-eng.com
58
PRODUCTS
steel sensor materials.
The output signal is ideal for oil and gas well
site applications. It can operate as low as 8VDC
and has current consumption with voltage out-
puts as low as 2mA. The housing has a special
layered paint suitable for NEMA 4X environments
and salt spray conditions. Using 316L SS, the
transducer is compliant to NACE MR0175/ISO
15156.
American Sensor Technologies
Info http://powereng.hotims.com RS#: 406
Remote monitor units
G
lobal Monitoring reintroduced its GMU 8100
Remote Monitor under its Messenger brand
of remote monitoring units.
The remote monotirs are land-line based, us-
ing common telephone lines that are ideal for
use in applica-
tions where
other networks
are not readily
available or in
remote, unat-
tended facilities. The monitor also supports OEM
vendors needing to monitor third-party services
at customer locations without tapping into cus-
tomer communication networks.
Global Monitoring
Acoustic vent
W
.L. Gore & Associates Portable Electronic
Vents group designed the GAW113 acous-
tic vent to provide dust and splash protection for
acoustic opening
in portable elec-
tronic devices
such as scanners,
two-way radios,
tablet and laptop PCs.
The vents are made to protect acoustic open-
ings with a barrier against dust, dirt and various
liquids while equalizing pressure and minimiz-
ing transmission loss and attenuation in sealed
acoustic devices. The vents are a proprietary
non-woven composite material that adheres to
the acoustic openings and has a thickness of
0.47 mm.
W.L. Gore & Associates
Endevco charge output
accelerometer
M
eggitt Sensing Systems has made available
its Endevco model 2280, a hermetically
sealed, triaxial, piezoelectric charge output ac-
celerometer with high-
temperature operation
to 482 degrees C (900
degrees F).
The model is de-
signed for vibration
measurements across
three orthogonal axes on power plant equip-
ment and other machinery that operates at high
temperatures. The accelerometer is 1.35 inche
square and weighs less than 0.6 pounds.
Meggitt Sensing Systems
Info http://powereng.hotims.com RS# 400
Low temperature chillers
M
okons line of low temperature chillers is
made with operating temperatures from -20
degrees F to 20 degrees F and nominal capacities
up to 12 tons in both air-
and water-cooled con-
densing. The extreme
low temperatures are
ideal for reactors and
other industrial applications.
The portable chillers use R-507 refrigerant and
come with a microprocessor-based controller with
a semi-hermetic discus compressor and a heavy-
duty insulated plastic tank, among other features.
Mokon
Pre-cut sheets
E
nsinger/Penn Fibre has developed pre-cut strips
of any material of various thickness and width.
Strips are slit from standard 2 x 4 foot sheets
using a modifed
slitter. The strips
are often needed
in the frst step to
a stamping or ma-
chining operation.
Any Ensinger/Penn
extruded material
up to 0.156 thick and 2 feet wide can be handled.
Ensigner/Penn Fibre
Convection
vacuum gauge
T
elevac said their compact MX4A Active
Convection Vacuum Gauge is available.
The gauge is designed with a replaceable
Televac 4A convection vacuum censor that fea-
tures a wide range of
measurement from 1.0 x
10-4 up to 1000 torr, RS-
485 communications,
two programmable set
points and a selectable
analog output.
The display is made
to be easy-to-read from a distance without a PC
and options can be set from four capacitive touch
controls or through RS-485 communications.
Televac
Impact wrench
C
hicago Pneumatic announced its CP69 1-inch
impact wrench series that is ideal for the oil and
gas industries.
The series was
redesigned to be
more ideal for
harsh industrial
env i r onment s,
including those
with higher dust concentrations. The wrenches
deliver up to 1,920 foot-pounds of torque with 700
blows per minute.
The wrench offers ergonomic features includ-
ing a low vibration level of 8.7 m/s2. The light
aluminum alloy clutch housing is protected by
a molded rubber front cover, and precision ma-
chined and fnished steel rotor and end-plate
components help ensure optimum durability and
tool performance.
Chicago Pneumatic
Explosion-proof
pressure transducer
A
merican Sensor Technologies released the
AST46DS explosion-proof pressure transduc-
er with display.
The sensor has available pressures from 1 to
20,000 PSI with zero function capability, voltage
or 4-20 mA output signals, and all 316L stainless
1404PE_58 58 4/4/14 11:56 AM
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Why Should You
Filter Your Water?
2Z2 5 Io Cienego lvd, Ios Angeles, CA 0034 U5A
(800) 22T42 (3T0) 832828 Fo (3T0) 838Z8
www.|ekleen.com inlo|ekleen.com
The Best Engineered Water
Filteration Solution Always
Costs Less
Scale formation reduces the heat
transfer rate and increases the water
pressure drop through the heat
exchanger and pipe. Dirty water is also
causing to unscheduled shut down for
maintenance for cleaning and replacing,
pump seals, packing, shaft, turbine,
spraying nozzles and many more. The
Tekleen filter is a proven and working
solution.
Automatic Filters
Viega offers press ball valves specifically designed
for lead-free press systems. Made from Viegas
unique silicon-bronze alloy, engineered for press
technology, Viega ProPress
Zero Lead ball

valves are certified to ASME A112.4-2004 and
NSF-61G, available in sizes 1/2- to 2-inches with a
variety of configurations.

www.Viega.us
1-800-976-9819

Ball Valves
2
0
1
4
F
lu
o
r
C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
io
n
. A
ll R
ig
h
t
s
R
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s
e
r
v
e
d
. A
D
G
V
1
0
3
1
1
4
_
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_
EXPERIENCE
YOU CAN TRUST
Fluor has extensive experience in boiler
inspection, installation, maintenance, repair,
and replacement of all components - executing
projects across the boiler model spectrum
as well as auxiliary equipment. Through
value-added services, Fluors Power Services
team provides innovation and cost savings to
our clients maximizing their operations and
maintenance projects. To learn more about
these services, email us at power@fuor.com.
Boiler Services
meltric.com
800.433.7642
Connector + Switch in 1 device
Maximizes Arc Flash Protection
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MOTOR
PLUGS
QUICKLY CONNECT
& DISCONNECT POWER
Safety Shutter
(on receptacle)
OFF
Button
Rated up to 200A, 60hp
Electrical Connectors
Phone: +1 (610) 544-7200
E-mail: Buster@PennCrusher.com
Eliminate fugitive dust to
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Dust-free processing of coal, limestone,
biomass, crushed stone, sand,
wood chips and more.
The Leader in Uptime Since 1905
a brand of TerraSource Global
www.TerraSource.com
Posimetric is a licensed trademark of GE Energy (USA) LLC.
TerraSource Global is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hillenbrand, Inc.
(NYSE: HI) 2014, TerraSource Global. All rights reserved.
Handling a World of Materials
Crushers Cooling Tower Fill
http://powereng.hotims.com/RS#300
http://powereng.hotims.com/RS#302 http://powereng.hotims.com/RS#301
1404PE_59 59 4/4/14 11:57 AM
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SOLVAir Solutions was formed
to help customers address the
problems of SO
X
, HCl and other
stack emissions, as well as help
with the changing EPA regulations.
SOLVAir Solutions is the market
leader in providing sodium
sorbents for use in DSI systems.
Access our brochure on our
Library page at www.solvair.us
Contact Rosemary Dunn
ardunadv@gmail.com
713.521.7450
Emission Control
Increase Steam Boiler Efficiency:

Brochure HRS 1188 describes three differ-
ent types of continuous boiler blowdown
heat recovery systems manufactured by
Penn Separator Corp. All systems recover up
to 90% of the BTUs normally lost to drain.
Visit our website www.pennseparator.com
for a sales representative nearest you.
Heat Recovery Systems
High Temperature
Industrial Solutions
When you need high temperature
thermal performance or personnel and
fire protection, ROXUL
has you covered

with a wide range of Pipe, Board, Blanket
and Wrap products to meet
your industrial insulation
requirements.
indust
equirem
with a wide
and Wr
yourr in
req
Visit www.roxul.com
or call 800.265.6878
High Temperature Insulation
Call or Email for a quick quote
and fast track delivery of
High Voltage Equipment
24/7/365
Phone660.596.7727
Emailhvsales@energy-parts.com
www.energy-parts.com/power-eng
High Voltage Equipment
For construction of the worlds largest solar power
plant, Viega ProPress
for stainless was hard-

specified in the plans for process water, service
water and instrumentation air systems. Viega
ProPress for stainless saved more than 30 percent
on materials and labor combined for installing the
systems.

www.ViegaProPress.us
1-800-976-9819
Joining Stainless Pipe
S
o
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n

f
o
r

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.
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s
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m
s
.
c
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Power Systems
1404PE_60 60 4/4/14 11:57 AM
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Silo and Bin
Cleaning Services
and Equipment
Call 800-322-6653
or visit
www.molemaster.com
Silo and Bin Cleaning Sevices
PARTS | SERVICES | REPAIRS
Mechanical Dynamics & Analysis
19 British American Blvd. | Latham, NY 12110
ph.518-399-3616 | www.MDAturbines.com
For over three decades Mechanical Dynamics & Analysis has
proudly offered a vast range of products and services for power
generators. We provide complete project management, overhaul
and reconditioning of your rotating equipment, as well as, parts
solutions.
POWERFUL
SOLUTIONS
ONE CALL
ONE SOURCE
Turbine-Generator Repair
http://powereng.hotims.com/RS#312 http://powereng.hotims.com/RS#313
REACH YOUR
AUDIENCE
ADVERTISE your career opportunities,
equipment, services, and training
programs in Power Engineerings
Classifed Section.
GET RESULTS
Put your message in front of North
Americas most qualifed circulation with
Power Engineerings classifeds.
CALL NOW FOR DETAILS:
JENNA HALL
Phone: 918.832.9249
Email: jennah@pennwell.com
Books, BooksSo Many Books
www.PennEnergy.com
Check out over 50,000 Books Related to
the Energy Industry at PennEnergy.com
1404PE_61 61 4/4/14 11:57 AM
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WE ARE
BUYING!!!
ARE YOU SELLING?
VALVES
INSTRUMENTATION
ELECTRICAL CONTROLS
PROCESS EQUIPMENT
PROCESS CONTROLS
PLANT MACHINERY
PSA SNUBBERS, ETC.
VISIT
www.FerncroftManagement.com
email:vavlebuyer@ferncroftmanagement.com
T. 978-815.6185 Fax. 603-814.1031
Ferncroft
Management,LLC
LIMITORQUE OPERATORS WANTED
24 / 7 EMERGENCY SERVICE
BOILERS
20,000 - 400,000 #/Hr.
DIESEL & TURBINE GENERATORS
50 - 25,000 KW
GEARS & TURBINES
25 - 4000 HP
LARGEST INVENTORIES OF:
Air Pre-Heaters Economizers Deaerators
Pumps Motors Fuel Oil Heating & Pump Sets
Valves Tubes Controls Compressors
Pulverizers Rental Boilers & Generators
847-541-5600 FAX: 847-541-1279
visit www.wabashpower.com
FOR SALE/RENT
POWER
EQUIPMENT CO.
444 Carpenter Avenue, Wheeling, IL 60090
wabash
Get a thorough mix with:
Pugmill Systems, Inc.
P.O. Box 60
Columbia, TN 38402 USA
Ph: 931-388-0626 Fax: 931-380-0319
www.pugmillsystems.com
POWER PROFESSIONALS
Opportunities in Operations and Maintenance,
Project Engineering and Project Management.
Business and Project Development.
First-line Supervision to Executive Level Positions.
Employer pays fee. Send resumes to:
P.O. BOX 87875,
VANCOUVER, WA 98687-7875
email: dwood@staffing.net
(360) 260-0979 (360) 253-5292
www.powerindustrycareers.com
1319 Macklind Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110
Ph: (314) 781-6100 / Fax: (314) 781-9209
www.ampulverizer.com / E-Mail: sales@ampulverizer.com
Quality and Service Since 1908
Ring Granulators, Reversible Hammermills,
Double Roll Crushers, Frozen Coal Crackers
for crushing coal, limstone and slag.
CONDENSER OR GENERATOR AIR COOLER TUBE PLUGS
THE CONKLIN SHERMAN COMPANY, INC.
Easy to install, saves time and money.
ADJUSTABLE PLUGS - all rubber with brass insert.
Expand it, install it, reverse action for tight fit.
PUSH PULL PLUGS - are all rubber, simply push it in.
Sizes 0.530 O.D. to 2.035 O.D.
Tel: (203) 881-0190 Fax: (203) 881-0178
E-mail: Conklin59@aol.com www.conklin-sherman.com
Just Plugging Along
CONDENSER & HEAT EXCHANGER TOOLS
CLEANERS, PLUGS, BRUSHES
John R Robinson Inc
PH # 800-726-1026
e-mail: jrrinc@earthlink.net
www.johnrrobinsoninc.com
GEORGE H. BODMAN, INC.
Chemical cleaning advisory services for
boilers and balance of plant systems
George H. Bodman
Pres / Technical Advisor
P.O. Box 5758 Office (281) 359-4006
Kingwood, TX 77325-5758 1-800-286-6069
email: blrclgdr@aol.com Fax (281) 359-4225
Weve got people.
The PennEnergy JOBS process puts your
recruitment message in front of the industrys
best talent whether its online, in print, or at an
event. This approach offers you the fexibility
to create custom recruitment advertising
campaigns best suited to meet your budget
and objectives.
| Learn More |
Visit: www.PennEnergyJOBS.com
Call: 1-800-738-0134
Got jobs?
1404PE_62 62 4/4/14 11:57 AM
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Light up your
ad with a little
COLOR!
Call Jenna Hall
at 918-832-9249
Tur bine Controls
Woodward, GE, MHC
Parts and Service
Obsolete Parts Inventory
Control System, Modernization
Training, Troubleshooting
(610) 631-3480
www.turbogen.net
info@turbogen.net
TurboGen Consultants, Inc.
ESI Boi l er Rent al s, LLC
RENTAL EQUIPMENT
- Rental Boilers - Economizers - Deaerator Systems - Water Softener Systems -
24/7 On-Call Service
1-800-990-0374
w w w . r e n t a l b o i l e r s . c o m
Get a BoiIer RentaI Quote within one hour at
www.wareinc.com/equipment or caII 800-228-8861
For sale or rent
The worlds very
best portable end
prep tools and
abrasive saws
800-343-6926
www.escotool.com

Burner Management
System Logic Review
Exothermic Engineering, LLC
Complete BMS Services
We are also experts at solving ancillary
problems with flame scanners, igniters
and other BMS I/O equipment.
Begin with a conference call
No cost, No obligation.
Call Bill Smith:
Has your Burner Management System
been reviewed for compliance with
current NFPA code?
The Code is revised approximately
every 4 yrs, and our staff of NFPA 85
experts has performed more BMS
reviews than anyone.
Our staff actively maintain seats on key
NFPA 85 technical committees,
averaging over 30 yrs of experience.
H8 |nterna| Log|c Rev|ews and 0es|gn
H8 Externa| 6omponent & w|r|ng
Log|c Rev|ews
H8 troub|eshoot|ng, startup and check
out services
H8 purchas|ng spec|f|cat|on deve|opment
and contract administration
Exothermic Engineering, LLC
(816) 415-8888
www.ExoEng.com
1404PE_63 63 4/4/14 11:57 AM
www.power-eng.com
64
INDEX
RS# COMPANY PG# SALES OFFICE RS# COMPANY PG#
1421 S. Sheridan Rd., Tulsa, OK 74112
Phone: 918-835-3161, Fax: 918-831-9834
e-mail: pe@pennwell.com
Sr. Vice President North
American Power Group

Richard Baker
Reprints

Foster Printing Servive
4295 Ohio Street
Michigan City, IN 46360
Phone: 866-879-9144
e-mail: pennwellreprint@fosterprinting.com
National Brand Manager

Rick Huntzicker
Palladian Professional Park
3225 Shallowford Rd., Suite 800
Marietta, GA 30062
Phone: 770-578-2688, Fax: 770-578-2690
e-mail: rickh@pennwell.com
AL, AR, DC, FL, GA, KS, KY, LA, MD, MO,
MS, NC, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV
Brand Sales Manager

Dan Idoine
806 Park Village Drive
Louisville, OH 44641
Phone: 330-875-6581, Fax: 330-875-4462
e-mail: dani@pennwell.com
CT, DE, IL, IN, MA, ME, MI, NH, NJ, NY,
OH, PA, RI, VT, Quebec, New Brunswick,
Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Ontario
Brand Sales Manager

Tina Shibley
1421 S. Sheridan Road
Tulsa, OK 74112
Phone: 918-831-9552; Fax: 918-831-9834
e-mail: tinas@pennwell.com
AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, IA, ID, MN, MT, ND,
NE, NM, NV, OK, OR, SD UT, WA, WI, WY,
Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan,
Northwest Territory, Yukon Territory,
Manitoba
International Sales Mgr

Anthony Orfeo
The Water Tower
Gunpowder Mills
Powdermill Lane
Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN
United Kingdom
Phone: +44 1992 656 609, Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: anthonyo@pennwell.com
Africa, Asia, Central America, Europe,
Middle East, South America
European Sales

Asif Yusuf
The Water Tower
Gunpowder Mills
Powdermill Lane
Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN
United Kingdom
Phone: +44 1992 656 631, Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: asify@pennwell.com
Europe and Middle East
Classifieds/Literature Showcase

Account Executive

Jenna Hall
1421 S. Sheridan Rd.
Tulsa, OK 74112
Phone: 918-832-9249, Fax: 918-831-9834
email: jennah@pennwell.com
21 Process Barron 35
www.processbarron.com
27 Renwable Energy 49
World Conference
www.renewableenergyworld-
events.com
32 Rotork Controls Inc 53
www.rotork.com
23 Roxul Inc 41
www.roxul.com
15 Sealeze, A Unit 25
of Jason, Inc
www.sealeze.com
26 Sturtevant Inc 45
www.sturtevantinc.com
25 Transforum West 44
www.transmissionhub.com
20 Turbo Parts LLC 33
www.mdaturbines.com/turbo-
parts
11 United Rentals Inc 21
www.unitedrentals.com/futures
34 Valmet AB C3
www.valmet.com
24 Valvtechnologies, Inc 43
12 Volvo Penta 22
of the Americas
www.volvopenta.com/us
2 Westinghouse Electric Co 3
www.westinghousenuclear.com
31 Winsted Corporation 52
www.winstedcustom.com
8 Young & Franklin Inc 15
www.yf.com
Advertisers and advertising agencies
assume liability for all contents (includ-
ing text representation and illustrations)
of advertisements printed, and also as-
sume responsibility for any claims aris-
ing therefrom made against the pub-
lisher. It is the advertisers or agencys
responsibility to obtain appropriate
releases on any items or individuals pic-
tured in the advertisement.
6 Brand Energy and 11
Infrastructure Services
www.beis.com
Brandenburg Industrial C4
Service Company
www.brandenburg.com
16 Check All Valve Mfg Co 26
www.checkall.com
33 Coalgen 2014 57
www.coal-gen.com
7 Conbraco Industries Inc 13
www.apollovalves.com
28 Conco Systems Inc 50
www.concosystems.com
4 Diamond Power 7
International
www.diamondpower.com
9 Elgin Sweeper Company 17
www.elginsweeper.com
18 Hach Co 31
www.hach.com/power
10 Hobas Pipe USA 19
www.hobaspipe.com
19 JASC Jansens 32
Aircraft Systems Controls Inc
www.jasc-controls.com
29 Lehigh Fluid Power 50
www.lehighfluidpower.com
13 Megger Inc 23
www.megger.com/s1
14 Membrana 24
www.liqui-cel.com
5 Mitsubishi Power 8-9
Systems Americas Inc
www.mhpowersystems.com
22 N B Harty General 39
Contactor Inc

3 Nuscale Power Inc 5
www.nuscalepower.com
1 PIC Group Inc C2
www.picworld.com
17 Power Generation Week 27
30 POWER-GEN International 51
www.power-gen.com
1404PE_64 64 4/4/14 11:58 AM
Discover more at
www.valmet.com
Valmet Corporation is now an independent, listed company that was reborn through the demerger of the pulp, paper and
power businesses from Metso Group in December 2013. We develop and supply competitive services and technologies for
the pulp, paper and energy industries.
Valmets services cover everything from maintenance outsourcing to mill and plant improvements and spare parts. Our
strong technology ofering includes entire pulp mills, tissue, board and paper production lines, as well as power plants for
bio-energy production. Valmet and Metso will continue to work closely together to ofer winning automation solutions.
Our 11,000 professionals around the world work close to our customers and are committed to moving our customers
performance forward every day.
Committed to moving our
customers performance
forward every day
1404PE_C3 3 4/4/14 11:58 AM
1404PE_C4 4 4/4/14 11:58 AM

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