1) What are the three states of water and its form and process?

a) Solid Ice-Solicitation b) liquid-water -condensation c) Gas steam evaporation 2) What is Absolute Pressure? The pressure above zero pressure equal to gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure. 3) What is Combustion? The rapid reaction of fuel and o idation. 4) What is Furnace? !n enclosed space provided for combustion of fuel. 5) What do ou mean b ma!e up water? The amount of raw water necessar" to compensate for the amount of condensate that is not returned in the feed water suppl" to boiler. ") Wh water treatment is necessar for boiler operation? !ll natural water contains solid liquid and gaseous impurities which ma" be harmful to boiler. #) $%plain the &armful effects of impurities in water? a) Scale and sludge deposits. b) #orrosion and $itting c) %oaming d) $riming e) #arr" over f) #austic embitterment g) &ud deposits ') (ain causes for scale formation in )oiler tube? #alcium and &agnesium *) $ffects of scale formation? 'educes efficienc" of boiler and boiler tube life( decreases heat loss. 1+) What are the dissol,ed -asses in water? ) "gen and carbon dio ide. 11) $%plain the P& in water chemistr ? It is the number between * to +, indicating the degree of acidit" and al-alinit". .elow /- !cidit" !bove /- !l-alinit"

12) .ifference between $rosion and Corrosion? #orrosion is an electrochemical attac0rosion is the mechanical action causing near b" abrasion 13) What is /.0? (ention some test 1on destructive Test2 vibration( ultrasonic test( -ra" test( penitraite test. 14) e%plain where steam trap used and wh ? Steam trap is a device used to collect the water and discharge it automaticall" from the steam pipe with out allowing the steam to escape it used in steam lines (header . 15) Wh the safet ,alue of super heater set a lower pressure than the safet ,al,e of the boiler drum? It is a safet" measure to protect the super heater from starvation. 1") $%plain important parts of boiler? $ressure parts2 steam drum (super heater (economizer (boiler valves and fitting etc. 1on pressure parts2 air heater( gas duct( dust collector boiler supports( insulation( refractor" materials. 'otating parts2 feeders( fans( soot blowers( feed pump etc. 1#) What are the three re1uirements are needed for the proper chemical reaction to ta!e place in combustion? a) $roper proportional of fuel and o "gen with fuel element. b) Thorough mi ing of fuel and o "gen so a uniform mi ture is present in the combustion zone and so ever" fuel particles has air round it to support combustion. c) The ignition temperature must be established 3 motivated so that the fuel will continue ignite itself without e ternal heat when combustion starts. 1') 2ist out different t pe of heat losses in Furnace? a) 4r" flue gas losses b) 5eat distribution losses c) 5igh temperature losses d) 5eat losses through openings. e) 4raft losses f) 'adiation and #onvection losses

1*) What is 3nsulation? ! material which is poor conductor of heat and having a low thermal conductivit". Some common insulators are a) #eramic fiber b) &ineral wool c) Glass wool d) #alcium silicate 2+) /ame the characteristics of steam which ma!es its most popular and useful? a) 5ighest specific heat and latent heat b) 5ighest heat transfer co-efficient c) 0as" to control and distribute d) #heap and inset 21) Wh low pressure steam is more efficient? The low pressure steam has more latent heat compared with the high pressure steam indirect heating efficienc" will be more for low pressure steam. 22) What is the effect of sulphur in coal when used in boiler? Sulphur will get o idized to sulphur and fraction of so6 and will react with water to from sulphuric acid dew point which is normal in +7* c the sulphuric acid so formed corrodes the steel when it comes in contact. 23) Wh boiler blow down is re1uired? !s the feed water evaporate concentrate in the boiler above certain level of concentration these solids encourage carr" over of water into steam (this leads to scale formation inside the boiler ( resulting in the localized over heating and ending finall" in tube failure (hence blow down in ver" much required for boiler. 24) What is 0emperature? It is the degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale. 25) What is Pressure? It is the force per unit area applied to out side of a bod". 2") What is &eat? 5eat is a form of energ" a distinct and measurable propert" of all matter. #aloric is the unit of measuring the quantit" of heat. 1Caloric 4 451'# 6oules 2#) What is 7pecific humidit ? It is the actual weight of water vapour mi ed in a -g of dr" air.

2') What is dr bulb and wet bulb? 4r" bulb temperature2 it is an indication of the sensible heat content of air water vapour mi tures. 8et bulb temperature2 it is the measure of total heat content or enthalp" .it is the temperature approached b" the dr" bulb and the dew point an saturation occur. 2*) What is dew point? It is the temperature at which condensation of water vapour from the air begins as the temperature of the air water vapour mi ture falls. 3+) $%plain the .ifference between -as and ,apour? The gas is the term applied to the state of an" substance of which the evaporation from the liquid state is complete. ! vapour ma" be defined as a practicall" evaporated liquid and consist of the pure gaseous state together with the partials of liquid in suspension. 31) What is perfect -as? ! perfect gas or ideal gas is one which strictl" obe"s all gas laws under all conditions of temperature and pressure. 32) 2aw8s of perfect -as The following three variables control the ph"sical properties of gas . a) $ressure 9p) b) :olume 9v) c) Temperature 9t) 33) $%plain )o le8s law Stats that ;the volume of a given mass of a gas varies inversel" as its absolute pressure provided the temperature remains constant.< 34) $%plain Charlie8s law Stats that ;the volume of a given mass of a gas varies directl" as its absolute temperature provided the pressure the pressure is -ept constant<. 35) $%plain 9oule8s law Stats that ;the internal energ" of a given quantit" of a gas depends onl" on the temperature<. 3") $%plain the /ewton8s laws of motion 1st law2 ;0nerg" bod" continuous in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is acted upon b" some e ternal force<. 2nd law2 ;The rate of change of momentum is directl" proportional to the impressed force and ta-es place in the same direction.< 3rd law2 ;%or energ" action there is alwa"s an equal and opposite reaction<

3#) What do ou mean b -as!et? Gas-et is a sealing material which seals to zero clearance the matching surface of a flange or mechanical assemble. 3') What are the t pes of -as!ets? +) Spiral wound metallic gas-et 7) &etal =ac-eted and heat e changer gas-et 6) >en?s gas-et with or without cladding. ,) 'ing t"pe =oint gas-et @) Solid metal gas-et A) #omposite( ferrule and ennlope gas-ets /) compressed asbestos fiber gas-et B) 1on metallic gas-ets C) &echanical pac-ing and fluid sealout 3*) What are the parameters anal :ed in pro%imate anal sis of coal? +) !sh 7) &oisture 6) :olatile matter ,) %i ed carbon content @) $ercentage of weight basis 4+) Choice of -as!ets in di,ided b +) Temperature( $ressure and the corrosion nature of fluid or gas. 7) &aintenance operation 6) 0nvironment requirements ,) #ost of material 41) $%plain the term heatin- ,alue of fuel? The heat liberated b" the complete and rapid buring of fuel per unit weight or volume of the fuel in the heating or calorific value of the fuel.