Physical Properties

Acetaldehyde, C2H4O, Mr 44.054, is a colorless liquid with a pungent, suffocating odor that is slightly fruity when diluted. bp at 101.3 kPa mp Critical temperature tcrit other values Critical pressure pcrit other values Relative density Refractive index Molar volume of the gas at 101.3 kPa and 20.16C at 25.0C Specific volume of the vapor at 20.16C at 25.0C Vapor density (air=1) Vapor pressure t, C p, kPa -20 16.4 -0.27 43.3 5.17 67.6 14.76 82.0 50 279.4 100 1014.0 0.531 m /kg 0.541 m /kg 1.52
3 3

20.16C 123.5C 181.5C 187.8C , 195.7C 6.44 MPa 5.54 MPa , 7.19 MPa d 4=0.80450.001325 t (t in C) n D=1.342400.0005635 t (t in C) 23.40 L/mol 23.84 L/mol
t t

For dependence on T (293.32800 K) and p (0.1 30 MPa).

For further values between 60 and +180C. Viscosity of liquid at 9.5C at 20C Viscosity of vapor at 25C 8610 mPa s
-4

0.253 mPa s 0.21 mPa s

For further values between 35.0 and 77.8C and between 0.13 and 0.40 kPa.

Surface tension at 20C Dipole moment (gas phase) Dielectric constant of liquid at 10C of vapor at 20.16C, 101.3 kPa Heat capacity of liquid cp (l) at 0C at 20C
-1 -1

21.210 mNcm 2.692% D 21.8 1.0216 2.18 Jg K 1.38 Jg K

-1 -1 1 1

-2

-1

For further values between 80C (cp=1.24 Jg K ) and +120C (cp=1.50 Jg K ). Heat capacity of vapor cp (g) at 25C, 101.3 kPa cp/cv (= K) at 30C, 101.3 kPa Thermal conductivity of liquid at 20C for more values of vapor at 25C for further values. Cubic expansion coefficient per K (020C) Heat of combustion of liquid at constant p Heat of solution in water (infinite dilution) Latent heat of fusion Latent heat of vaporization at 20.2C other values 0.00169 1168.79 (1166.4 ) kJ/mol 17906 J/mol 3246.3 J/mol 25.73 kJ/mol 27.2, 30.41, 27.71, 26.11kJ/mol 1.0910 Jm s K
2 -1 -1 1

-1

-1

1.24 Jg K
-1

-1

-1 -1 -1

For dependence on temperature (nonlinear) between 0C (cp=1.17 Jg K ) and 1000C (cp =2.64 Jg K ). 1.145 0.174 Jm s K ;
-1 1 -1

-1

For dependence on temperature (nonlinear) between -80C (32.46 kJ/mol) and 182C (0 kJ/mol). Heat of formation H from the elements at 25C for gaseous acetaldehyde -166.47 (166.4) kJ/mol For dependence of heat of formation for gaseous and liquid acetaldehyde, and enthalpy of vaporization on temperature up to 800 K and 30 MPa. Gibbs free energy of formation G from elements at 25C for gaseous acetaldehyde other values -133.81 kJ/mol 133.72, 132.9 kJ/mol

Entropy for gaseous acetaldehyde at 25C Entropy for liquid acetaldehyde at 20.16C Entropy of vaporization at 20.16C First ionization potential Dissociation constant at 0C 91.57 Jmol K 10.5 eV 0.710
-14 -1 -1

265.9 Jmol K 172.9 Jmol K

-1

-1

mol/L (H3CCHO H2CCHO+H )

For the second virial coefficient of the equation of state for gaseous acetaldehyde at 31C, 66C, and 85C. Acetaldehyde is completely miscible with water and most organic solvents. It forms no azeotrope with water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, or benzene. Binary azeotropes are formed with butane (bp 7C, 84 wt% of butane) and diethyl ether (bp 18.9C, 23.5 wt% of ether). Other physical data: compressibility and viscosity at higher pressure are given in, vapor pressure of aqueous acetaldehyde solutions in . For solubility of carbon dioxide, acetylene, and nitrogen in acetaldehyde; for freezing points of aqueous acetaldehyde solutions; for vaporliquid equilibria of binary systems of acetaldehyde with water, ethanol, acetic acid, and ethylene oxide, with vinyl acetate. Safety Data. Flash point (AbelPensky; DIN 51755; ASTM 5670) 20C (40C according to the safety regulations of the Berufsgenossenschaft der Chemischen Industrie, Federal Republic of Germany). Ignition temperature (DIN 51794; ASTM D 215566) 140C; for ignition retardation when injected into a hot air stream. Explosive limits in air: 457 vol%; for influence of pressure on explosive limits.