1. Usage 2. With gen. 3. With acc. 4. Semitisms Bibliography Lit.: On preps. in general . BAGD s.v. BDF 222f.

222f. KHNER, Grammatik II/1, 480-85 (434b). LSJ s.v. MAYSER, Grammatik II/2, 419-27 (120). A. OEPKE, TDNT II, 65-70. For further bibliography see TWNT X, 1039. 1. originally expressed the area throughout which an event took place. In the NT its range of meaning is limited in the acc. to the causal; however, in the gen. it is expanded into the realm of the instrumental dat. In addition it represents Hebrew clauses ( with the inf. or with acc. and inf.) and phrases. 2. with the gen.: a) Spatial: through, throughout with vbs. that indicate or imply motion: , "they were saved through water" (1 Pet 3:20). b) Temporal: extension over a period of time until the end: throughout, during. Examples include (sc. ), "always, constant" (Matt 18:10); , "during the night" (Acts 23:31). It is used also for a period of time during which something occurs: , "by night" (Acts 5:19). Although these usages are unclassical (Mayser 420), the meaning corresponds to classical usage when it designates length of time: after, in the course of . . . , as in , "after some years" (Acts 24:17). c) Instrumental (substituting for instrumental dat.): , "to write with paper and ink" (2 John 12). Modal: indicating manner (with vbs. of speaking): , "tell by word of mouth" (Acts 15:27 ); accompanying circumstances: , "to eat with offense, misgivings" (Rom 14:20); effective cause: , "through the law comes knowledge of sin" (Rom 3:20); occasion: , "in virtue of the grace" (Rom 12:3); the urgency of a request: , "by the mercies of God" (Rom 12:1; a Latinism for per?). Human agency: , "through human mediation" (Gal 1:1). Causal: , "because of our unspiritual nature" (Rom 8:3, JB). 3. with the acc.: a) Spatial: only in Luke 17:11 (Koine and others have gen.). b) Grounds: because of, for: , "for fear of the Jews" (John 7:13); to indicate the purpose for which something exists (unclassical): for the sake of: , "for [the sake of] man" (Mark 2:27). c) With inf. and subj. acc. indicates (more frequently than in classical) cause: . . . , "because he was of the house . . . of David" (Luke 2:4). d) In place of with the gen.: , "I live because of the father" (John 6:57). 4. Semitisms with include the following: (for lm), "why?" (Matt 9:11); with the gen. (for bya), "by the hands of" (Acts 2:23); with the gen. (for b), "by the mouth of" (Luke 1:70); and (for b), "through the midst of them" (Luke 4:30).

183

 demos [people], ekdemeo [to be abroad], endemeo [to be at home], parepidemos [sojourner]
demos. Originally portion, then a. district, b. territory, c. people of a land or city (sometimes, but not always, derogatory: mob). In the LXX it first means race, family, later people. In the NT it means the people of a place; cf. Acts 12:22 (Jerusalem), 17:5 (Thessalonica), 19:30, 33 (Ephesus). ekdemeo, endemeo. These two terms denote being abroad and staying at home. Not used in the LXX, they occur in the NT in 2 Cor. 5:6ff. to express the thoughts (1) that bodily existence is absence from the Lord, and (2) that full fellowship with the Lord is possible only apart from this existence. We and the Lord are in separate spheres. Faith overcomes the separation (v. 7) but is not the final reality. We thus desire to be out of the present sphere and at home with the Lord so as to enjoy the full fellowship of sight. Nevertheless, even in the present sphere the desire to please the Lord gives direction to life (v. 9). parepidemos. This rare term has the sense of one who is (temporarily) a resident alien. It occurs in the NT in 1 Pet. 1:1 ; 2:11: Christians are only temporary residents on earth and must not let their lives be shaped by its interests. They are a Christian diaspora whose true home is the place of their election. Heb. 11:13 applies the same term to the OT examples of faith. Hellenistic thought has a similar idea of earthly life as a sojourn but with a dualistic nuance. [W. GRUNDMANN, II, 63-65] 184 dia [through, during, with, etc.] A. dia with Genitive. 1. Spatial through or through ... to (Mt. 7:13; Mk. 10:25; Jn. 10:1; Rom. 15:28). p. 150 2. Temporal a. through a whole period (Lk. 5:5), b. during part of a period (Acts 5:19; 16:9), c. after a time (Mk. 2:1; Gal. 2:1). Within occurs in Mk. 14:38. 3. Modal a. of manner, through, in, with (Lk. 8:4; Jn. 19:23; Rom. 8:25), b. of accompanying circumstance with, among, in spite of (Acts 14:22; 2 Cor. 2:4; Rom. 2:27); the reference in 1 Jn. 5:6 seems to be neither to Christ's baptism and death, nor to baptism and the eucharist, but to baptism as a sprinkling with Christ's blood (cf. 1 Pet. 1:2). There is a personal genitive in 2 Tim. 2:2. 4. Instrumental a. with genitive of cause by means of, with, through (Rom. 3:27, the law; 3:22, faith; Acts 15:11, grace; Rom. 5:10; Col. 1:20, Christ's death; perhaps 1 Tim. 2:15, childbearing; possibly too Mk. 6:2, Christ's hands; Acts 11:28, the Spirit), b. with genitive of person through the mediation of (Mt. 1:22, the prophet; Gal. 3:19, angels; references such as Jn. 1:3; Acts 10:36; Col. 1:20, etc. in which Christ mediates God's action in creation, miracles, judgment, etc., and also Jn. 10:9; 14:6; Heb. 7:25; Rom. 5:2 in which he is a Mediator for us, although not in the sense that it is we who set him in motion; cf. also believing through him in Jn. 1:7; Acts 3:16; 1 Pet. 1:21). 5. Causal a. in consequence of, on account of, on the basis of (Rom. 8:3, the flesh; 2 Cor. 9:13, the proof of the service; 1 Cor. 1:1, the will of God; Rom. 12:1, the mercies of God; 15:30, Christ and the love of the Spirit; 2 Cor. 10:1, the meekness and gentleness of Christ), b. by, for the sake of with a personal reference (Mk. 14:21; Acts 12:9, etc.), and many references to Christ in which Christ is the author of authority (Rom. 1:5), fruit (Phil. 1:11), comfort (2 Cor. 1:5), peace with God (Rom. 5:1), triumph (Rom. 8:37), acceptance with God (Heb. 13:21), resurrection life (1 Cor. 15:21), final deliverance (1 Th. 5:9); cf. also Rom. 1:8; 2 Cor. 1:20; 1 Pet. 4:11; Heb. 13:15, in which the initiative lies with Christ, so that we never find verbs of asking with the formula through Christ; it expresses the constitutive significance of Christ for Christians.

B. dia with Accusative. 1. Spatially through ... to (cf. Lk. 17:11, though in view of the order [Samaria and Galilee] through the borders, i.e., between, seems more likely here). 2. Modally, Gal. 4:13: in bodily infirmity. The genitive would be more correct for this, hence the translation because of is sometimes preferred, but it yields no real sense. 3. Causally on account of, for the sake of, with a certain final element when the accusative of person is used (e.g., Mk. 2:27; 1 Cor. 8:11), and sometimes the accusative of thing (e.g., Mt. 15:3, 6; 1 Cor. 9:23; Phil. 2:30). The double dia in Rom. 4:25 offers some difficulty in view of the tension between a purely causal rendering of the first half and the parallelism of the statement. The point is perhaps that Christ died because of our sins and in order to expiate them (cf. 1 Tim. 1:16). In Rom. 11:28 the Jews are enemi es in order that salvation may come to the Gentiles but beloved on account of the fathers; the parallelism here is purely rhetorical. [A. OEPKE, II, 65-70]

Dia,) Delbrck99 says: "Of the origin of dia, I know nothing to say." One hesitates to proceed after that
remark by the master in syntax. Still we do know something of the history of the word both in the Greek and in other Indo-Germanic tongues. The form dia, may be in the instrumental case, but one must note diai, (dative) in the lyric passages of schylus, not to say the Thessalian di,e)100 But there is no doubt about dia, being kin to du,o di,j. Sanskrit dva, dvi (cf. trayas, tri), dvis; Latin duo, bis (cf. Sanskrit dvis, Greek di,j, b = u or u); German zwei; English two (fem. and neut.), twain (masc.), twi-ce, twi-light, between, two-fold, etc. 1. The Root-Idea. It is manifest in diako,sioi disci,lioi di,dracma diplou/j (cf. a`plou/j). The etymology of the word is 'two,' du,o, as shown in these three words as well as in di,j diplo,w, all of which occur in the N. T. Thus it will be seen how persistent is the etymological force in the word. Cf. Mk. 6:37; Rev. 18:6; Mk. 5:13. See also di.j muria,dej (Text. Rec., du,o m. Rev. 9:16), di,logoj (1 Tim. 3:8), di,stomoj (Heb. 4:12), di,yucoj (Jas. 1:8), di,dracmon (Mt. 17:24), Di,dumoj (Jo. 11:16). Cf. evsci,sqh eivj du,o (Mt. 27:51). 2. 'By Twos' or 'Between.' But the preposition has advanced a step further than merely "two" to the idea of by-twain, be-tween, in two, in twain. This is the ground-meaning in actual usage. The word diqa,lassoj originally meant 'resembling two seas' (cf. Euxine Sea, Strabo 2, 5, 22), but in the N. T. (Ac. 27:41) it apparently means lying between two seas (Thayer). The notion of interval (be-tween) is frequent in the N. T. both in composition and apart from composition. Thus in h`merw/n diagenome,nwn tinw/n (Ac. 25:13), 'some days came in between' (dia,). Cf. diagnw,somai ta. kaqV u`ma/j (Ac. 24:22) with Latin di-gnosco, dis-cerno and Greek-English dia-gnosis (dia,gnwsin, Ac. 25:21). Diaqh,kh is an arrangement or covenant between two (Gal. 3:17). See diairou/n (1 Cor. 12:11); diadi,dwmi (Lu. 11:22) 'divide'; ouvqe.n die,krinen metaxu. h`mw/n te kai. auvtw/n (Ac. 15:9) where meatxu, explains dia,. Cf. dia,krisij (Heb. 5:14), discrimination';
PREPOSITIONS (PROqESEIS) 581

dialei/pw (Lu. 7:45), 'intervals of delay'; dialu,w (Ac. 5:36), 'dis-solve'; diameri,zw (Ac. 2:45), 'distribute'; diarh,gnumi (Lu. 8:29), 'rend asunder'; diaskorpi,zw (Jo. 11:52), opposed to suna,gw disperse'; diaspa,w (Mk. 5:4), 'rend in two'; diaspei,rw (Ac. 8:1) = 'scatter abroad'; diaspora, (Jo. 7:35), 'dispersion'; diaste,llw (Heb. 12:20), 'divide'; dia,sthma (Ac. 5:7), 'distance' or 'interval';

diastolh, (1 Cor. 14:7), 'distinction'; diati,qemai (Lu. 22:29), 'dispose'; diafe,rw (Ac. 27:27, Mt. 6:26), 'bear apart,' 'differ'; dia,foroj (Ro. 12:6), 'different'; dica,zw (Mt. 10:35), 'set at variance' ('cleave
asunder'). These numerous examples ought to be sufficient to show what the real meaning of the word in itself is. A particularly noticeable instance appears in Lu. 24:51, where we have die,sth avpV auvtw/n. The N. T. preserves this notion of interval in expressions of time and so it is hardly "peculiar only to 101 literary style." Thus in Mk. 2:1 diV h`merw/n means 'interval of days,' 'days between,' 'after some days,' though surely no one would think that dia, really means 'after.' Cf. Mt. 26:61, dia. triw/n h`merw/n (cf. evn, 27:40); diV evtw/n pleio,nwn, Ac. 24:17; Gal. 2:1, dia. dekatessa,rwn evtw/n. Cf. Ac. 5:7. In Ac. 1:3, diV h`merw/n tessera,konta ovptano,menoj, the appearance of Jesus was at intervals within the forty days. But see opposition to this idea in Abbott, Johannine Grammar, p. 255 f. In the phrase dia. nukto,j (Ac. 5:19; 16:9, etc.), 'by night,' dia, adds little to the genitive itself. It is the real adnominal genitive. The preposition is very common in the N. T., especially with the genitive (gen. 382, 102 acc. 279), though the accusative becomes dominant later. 3. 'Passing Between' or 'Through.' The idea of interval between leads naturally to that of passing between two objects or parts of objects. 'Through' is thus not the original meaning of dia,, but is a very common 103 one. The case is usually the genitive, though in Homer the accusative is common also, as we find it once in the N. T. (Lu. 17:11), dia, me,son Samari,aj (cf. dia. me,sou, 4:30), and even here note the 104 genitive after me,son. Some MSS. in Jo. 8:59 read also dia. me,sou. Blass wrongly calls the accusative an "inadmissible reading" in view of Homer and the growing use of the accusative in the vernacular with all prepositions (cf. modern Greek). This use of 'through' or 'thorough' is common in composition and sometimes has a "perfective" idea ('clear through') as in diakaqariei/ th.n a[lwna (Mt. 3:12), 'will thoroughly cleanse.' Cf. also diabai,nw
582 A GRAMMAR OF THE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT

(Heb. 11:29), diable,pw (Mt. 7:5), diagge,llw (Lu. 9:60), diagrhgore,w (Lu. 9:32), dia,gw (1 Tim. 2:2), diade,comai, (Ac. 7:45), diakatele,gcomai (Ac. 18:28), diama,comai (Ac. 23:9), diame,nw (Lu. 1:22), dianuktereu,w (Lu. 6:12), dianu,w (Ac. 21:7), diaparatribh, (1 Tim. 6:5); diasei,w (Lu. 3:14), diasw,zw (Lu. 7:3), diafula,ssw (4:10). This sense of dia, is used with words of place, time, agent or abstract word. In all of these relations the root-idea of the preposition is easily perceived. Thus in Mt. 12:43, die,rcetai diV avnu,drwn to,pwn dia. xhra/j (Heb. 11:29), dia. th/j Samari,aj (Jo. 4:4), dia. puro.j (1 Cor. 3:15), diV evso,ptrou (1 Cor. 13:12). Cf. Ac. 13:49; 2 Cor. 8:18. In Ro. 15:28, avpeleu,somai diV u`mw/n eivj Spani,an, Winer (Winer-Thayer, p. 378) takes diV u`mw/n to be 'through you,' i.e. 'through your city,' 'through the midst of you.' In all these examples the idiom runs just as in the older Greek. The use of dia, with expressions of time was never very common 105 and gradually was transferred to eivj. But some examples occur in the N. T. like diV o[lhj nukto,j (Lu. 5:5), which may be compared with dia. panto.j tou/ zh/n (Heb. 2:15) and the common phrase dia. panto,j (Mk. 5:5). Here the idea of through is applied to time. Rouffiac (Recherches, p. 29) cites dia. tou/ ceimw/noj o[lou from inscriptions of Priene 112, 98 and 99 (i/B.C.). The agent may also be expressed by dia,. This function was also performed in the ancient Greek, though, when means or instrument was 106 meant, the instrumental case was commonly employed. Dia, is thus used with inanimate and animate objects. Here, of course, the agent is conceived as coming in between the non-attainment and the attainment of the object in view. One may compare gra,yantej dia. ceiro.j auvtw/n (Ac. 15:23) with du,o evpistola.j dia. Nhdu,mou mi,an dia. Kroni,ou macairofo,rou mi,an B.U. 1079, A.D. 41 (Milligan, Greek Pap., p. 39). So ouv qe,lw dia. me,lanoj kai. kala,mou soi gra,fein (3 Jo. 13), <), dia. glw,sshj (1 Cor. 14:9), ta. dia. tou/ sw,matoj (2 Cor. 5:10), dia. tw/n o[plwn (2 Cor. 6:7), mh,te dia. pneu,matoj mh,te dia. lo,gou mh,te diV evpistolh/j (2 Th. 2:2). In 2 Pet. 3:5 note the difference

between evx u[datoj and diV u[datoj. Abstract ideas are frequently so expressed, as seswsme,noi dia. pi,stewj (Eph. 2:8), dia. qelh,matoj qeou/ (Eph. 1:1), dia. tou/ euvaggeli,ou (1 Cor. 4:15), dia. no,mou (Ro. 3:27), diV avpokalu,yewj (Gal. 1:12). Cf. 1 Cor. 6:14. When dia, occurs with the personal agent, he is regarded as the intermediate agent. Sometimes the immediate agent is also expressed by u`po,. So u`po, Kuri,ou dia. tou/ profh,tou (Mt. 1:22, etc.). Cf. also dia. th/j gunaiko,j -- evk tou/ qeou/ (1 Cor. 11:12), where source and mediate agent are distinguished. In Gal. 1:1, avpV avnqrw,pwn -- diV
PREPOSITIONS (PROqESEIS) 583

avnqrw,pou, Paul takes pains to deny both ideas. In 1 Cor. 8:6, evx ou- -- diV ou-, the first refers to
God the Father as the source of all things and the second refers to Jesus as the mediate agent by whom all things come into existence. Cf. Col. 1:16. Indeed God himself may be regarded as source, mediate agent, and ultimate object or end, as Paul does in his noble doxology in Ro. 11:36, o[ti evx auvtou/ kai. diV auvtou/ kai. eivj auvto.n ta. pa,nta. There are other instances also where God is looked upon as the intervening cause or agent. So diV ou- (Heb. 2:10; 1 Cor. 1:9). But dia, is often used with Christ in regard to our relation to God (cf. Paul's use of evn). Thus Ro. 1:8; 5:1, etc. Cf. div evmou/ in Jo. 14:6, dia. pollw/n martu,rwn (2 Tim. 2:2), diV avgge,lwn (Heb. 2:2). The intermediate idea of dia, appears well in 1 Cor. 3:5 dia,konoi diV w-n evpisteu,sate, Heb. 3:16 dia. Mwuse,wj, Ro. 5:5 dia. pneu,matoj. In 1 Th. 4:2, ti,naj paraggeli,aj evdw,kamen u`mi/n dia. tou/ kuri,ou VIhsou/, the matter seems turned round, but, as Paul was the speaker, he conceives Jesus as also making the commands. Abbott, Johannine Grammar, p. 236, rightly argues in favour of 'through him' (not 'it ') in Jo. 1:7. It is important to note dia. VIhsou/ Cristou/ (Eph. 1:5), pregnant with meaning. Cf. Schettler, Die paulinische Formel "Durch Christus," pp. 28 ff. This use of dia, occurs in the papyri (Wenger, Die Stellvertretung im Rechte der Papyri, 1906, p. 9 f.). Christ is conceived as our representative (Deissmann, Light, etc., p. 340). It is not far from the notion of means like dia. pi,stewj to that of manner like dia. parabolh/j (Lu. 8:4). Indeed the two shade off into one another as diV o`ra,matoj (Ac. 18:9). Note also diV avga,phj (Gal. 5:6), diV evpaggeli,aj (Gal. 3:18), dia. brace,wn (Heb. 13:22), diV ovli,gwn (1 Pet. 5:12), diV u[datoj kai. ai[matoj (1 Jo. 5:6), dia. gra,mmatoj kai. peritomh/j (Ro. 2:27), dia. prosko,mmatoj (14:20), dia. do,xhj (2 Cor. 3:11), diV u`pomonh/j (Heb. 12:1), dia. pollw/n dakru,wn (2 Cor. 2:4). Cf. Rom. 2:27. But here also the notion of between is always present. This is true even in a case like dia. tw/n oivktirmw/n tou/ qeou/ (Ro. 12:1). Cf. also dia. th/j ca,ritoj in Ro. 12:3 with dia. th.n ca,rin in 15:15. 4. 'Because of.' With the accusative dia, comes to be used with the idea of 'because of,' 'for the sake of,' 'on account of.' The notion of between is still present. Take Mt. 27:18, dia. fqo,non pare,dwkan auvto,n. Envy is the reason that prompted the betrayal and so came in between and caused the act. The accusative (extension) is natural and helps also to distinguish this idiom from the others. For instance, in Heb. 2:10, diV o]n ta. pa,nta kai. diV ou- ta. pa,nta the two ideas are distinguished entirely by means of the
584 A GRAMMAR OF THE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT

cases. One may note also dia. th.n gunai/ka and dia. th/j gunaiko,j (1 Cor. 11:9, 12). Cf. dia. th.n ca,rin above. In Ro. 8:11 the MSS. vary between dia. to. evnoikou/n and dia. tou/ evnoikou/ntoj (W. H., Nestle). Note also the difference between dia. pi,stewj and dia. th/n pa,resin in Ro. 3:25. Cf. also the common dia. to. o;noma (Mt. 10:22), dia. th.n pollh.n avga,phn (Eph. 2:4), dia. to.n lo,gon (Jo. 15:3), dia. to.n cro,non (Heb. 5:12). Cf. Heb. 5:14; Rev. 12:11. The personal ground is common also as

in evgw. zw/ dia. to.n pate,ra (Jo. 6:57), diV ou[j (Heb. 6:7), etc. Cf. 1 Jo. 4:9 zh,swmen diV auvtou/. The aim (usually expressed by e[neka) may be set forth by dia, also. So to. sa,bbaton dia. to.n a;nqrwpon evge,neto kai. ouvc o` a;nqrwpoj dia. to. sa,bbaton in Mk. 2:27. Cf. also diV evme, and diV u`ma/j in Jo. 12:30. Cf. Mk. 13:20; Ph. 3:7. Moulton (Prol., p. 105) cites i[na dia. se. basileu/ tou/ dikai,ou tu,cw and 20 (iii/B.C.), in illustration of Jo. 6:57. The Pauline phrase dia. VIhsou/n (2 Cor. 4:5) is illustrated by dia. to.n Ku,rion in a Berlin Museum papyrus letter (ii/A. D.) which Deissmann (Light, pp. 176 ff.) thinks curiously illumines the story of the Prodigal Son in Lu. 15. In the modern Greek gia, $dia,% this notion of aim or purpose with the accusative is the usual one.107 A common idiom in the 108 Grco-Roman and Byzantine Greek is the use of dia. to, and the infinitive in the sense of i[na. It is practically equivalent in the N. T. to o[ti and the indicative and is frequent. In Jo. 2:24 f. we have both constructions parallel, dia. to. auvto.n ginw,skein pa,ntaj kai. o[ti ouv crei,an ei=cen. In the modern Greek we actually have gia. na, (dia. i[na) with the subjunctive. Cf. English "for that." The use of dia. ti, does not differ practically from ti, alone.

Some of the more significant texts involving dia,, to which the aspiring exegete can practice some of his/her analytical skill, are Matt 1:22; John 1:3; Rom 3:25; 4:25; Eph 2:8; 1 Tim 2:15; Heb 2:10; 1 John 5:6.38

PRIN prep. I. (Introduce un complement circumstanial de loc) 1. (Complementul arat spaiul pe care l strbate sau pe unde ptrunde ceva) Lumina trece prin geam. 2. (Complementul arat spaiul n interiorul cruia se desfoar sau are loc o aciune) n, pe undeva. Se ascund prin vguni. (Complementul arat spaiul dintre dou sau mai multe obiecte identice) Printre. II. (Introduce un complement circumstanial instrumental) Cu..., cu ajutorul..., pe calea..., utiliznd. Se neleg prin soli. Datorit. De ctre, de. III. (Introduce un complement circumstanial modal, n construcii infinitivale cerute de obicei de verbele a ncepe i a sfri) Autorul ncepe prin a-i expune planul. Loc. conj. Prin urmare = n consecin, deci. IV. (Introduce un complement circumstanial de timp) n..., n cursul..., n timpul... Tresare prin somn. Cam n..., aproape de... V. (Precedat de prep. de, formeaz loc. prep. prin care se exprima timpul, locul aproximativ) De prin iulie. De prin pdure. [Var.: (reg.) pn, pin prep.] Pre2 + n. PNTRU prep. I. (Exprim un raport cauzal) 1. Din cauza..., din pricina..., datorit... Pentru asta a plecat. Expr. Nu pentru alta, ci... = nu din alt cauz, dar... 2. (Introduce un complement indirect) Mulumete pentru buna gzduire. Expr. Pentru puin (sau nimic), se spune ca rspuns celui care mulumete cnd i s-a fcut un serviciu. Pentru nimic n lume = cu nici un pre, n nici un caz. Pentru (numele lui) Dumnezeu ! exclamaie care nsoete o cerere sau o rugminte sau care exprim uimirea, indignarea cuiva. II. (Exprim un raport final) 1. (Introduce un complement circumstanial de scop) Cu scopul de..., n scopul.... n vederea... Scrie pentru bani. 2. (Introduce un complement indirect) n interesul..., n (sau spre) folosul..., n favoarea...; n aprarea... Pledeaz pentru el. (n construcii eliptice) Cincizeci de voturi pentru i dou contra. Potrivit cu...; n msur s... Serviciul nu era pentru el. Dup. Plnge pentru cel plecat. (Fa) de... Are o grij deosebit pentru mama lui. 3. (Introduce un atribut) Hrtie i plic pentru o scrisoare. Cu direcia..., cu destinaia... Autobuzul pentru Ploieti. 4. (Intr n compunerea numelor predicative) Acest cadou e pentru tine. 5. (Introduce un complement sau un atribut) Contra,

mpotriva. Medicament pentru diabet. Ia ceva pentru durerile de cap. III. (Exprim un raport de relaie) Cu privire la..., referitor la..., n legtur cu... S-au schimbat lucrurile pentru el. Fa de..., n raport cu... Pentru unii mum, pentru alii cium. IV. (Exprim un raport temporal, introducnd un complement circumstanial de timp) Pleac pentru o clip. Expr. Pentru moment = deocamdat. V. (Exprim un raport de compensaie, de echivalen sau de schimb) n schimbul...; n locul..., n loc de... Pentru un palton a dat o rochie. VI. 1. (Urmat de un infinitiv, are valoare de conjuncie, construcia fiind echivalent, cu o propoziie consecutiv negativ, cnd regenta e afirmativ, i invers) Subiectul e prea vast pentru a putea fi expus ntr-o or. 2. (Formeaz conjuncii compuse) Pentru ca sau pentru c = fiindc, deoarece, din cauz c; de vreme ce, ntruct. Pentru ce (sau aceasta, aceea) = deci, aadar, de aceea, drept care, din care cauz. Din printru.