INTRODUCTION

Speed is the rate of movement of a vehicle, generally expressed in kilometers per hour.
A spot speed study is a study of traffic speed at one point or spot on a traffic way. It
consists of a series or a sample of observations of the individual speeds at which
vehicles are approaching an intersection or passing a point at a non-intersection
location. These observations are used to estimate the speed distribution of the entire
traffic stream at that location, under the conditions prevailing at the time of the study.
Spot speed studies can be used to study speeds at problem locations in order to
determine whether speeds are too high and if complaints received are justified, for
accident analysis in order to determine the relationship of speed to accidents which
may help in developing corrective measures, and for before-and-after studies in order
to evaluate the effect of some change in controls or conditions.
In relation with this study, there have been several complaints of vehicles speeding
along the UTHM-Fujitsu section of road. This poses a danger to motorists, pedestrians
and cyclists as there is a lot of activity in the area. Furthermore, there are plenty of
right-turning movements along this stretch of road, with no storage lanes provided for
right-turners. This is dangerous because the right-turners stop on the fast lane and
have no protection.
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study are:
1. To determine the speed characteristics of traffic at the location.
2. To justify the problem of speeding at the location.
APPARATUS
1. Radar Gun
2. Forms SS1 and SS2
3. Graph Paper (3 nos)
4. Safety Vest
PROCEDURE
1. The spot at which the speed data will be collected are being identified.
2. The radar gun that being used are needed to measured the speed of vehicles
according to their respective vehicle class Class 1 (Motorcycles), Class 2
(Cars), Class 3 (Vans & Medium Trucks), and Class 4 (Large Trucks &
Buses).
Make sure that the operator of the radar gun is not seen by the motorists
3. All speed measurements are recorded in Form SS1.
4. Based on Form SS1, the mean, maximum and minimum speed of vehicles is
being determined according to their class. All the findings are being
commented.
5. The data in Form SS1 are being transferred to Form SS2.
6. The following data are being plotted:
(a) Frequency Histogram (Percentage of vehicles vs. Speed)

(b) Frequency Distribution Curve (Percentage of vehicles vs. Speed)

(c) Cumulative Frequency Distribution Curve (Cumulative percentage vs.
Speed)
7. The following speed characteristics are being determined:
(a) Mean speed
(b) Median speed
(c) Mode speed
(d) 85-th Percentile speed
(e) Standard deviation
(f) Pace
8. All the findings are being stimulated.

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT

Form SS1
Location: In front Factory Fujitzu
Date : 16-2-2009
Time 2.35pm - 3.35pm
Weather: Sunshine
Spot Speed (km/h)
Time
Vehicle Class
1
2
3
56
62
65
66
55
44
70
64
52
53
68
36
45
76
70
63
58
75
74
64
75
57
50
63
55
63
72
48
53
53
54
62
66
57
69
56
62
42
46
2.35pm
until
46
46
75
2.45pm
64
72
66
72
65
75
48
77
88
66

2.45pm
until
2.55pm

2.55pm
until
3.05pm

Time

58
70
88
65
87
66
51
58
70
59

52
56
70
41
57

4
65
78
56

59
55

44
63
74
44
58
31

37
51
55
63
62
74

80
72
47
67
61
78

70
57
60
45
63
70
55
77
58
107
61

45
61
34
65
65
60
68
67
68
57
58

61
43
57
50

56
77
57
47

64
51
54

55
63
67

52
53
60

75
41
43
43
35
67
58

63
54
43
57
44
52
64

72
69
65
49
60
68
46

74
66
59
65
55
50
64
59
64
64
62

74
61
61
68
67
50
57
64
57
69
55
59
43
53
66
43
51
66
63
59
73
73
53
62
78
64
75
63
70
57
72
74
65
68
Spot Speed (km/h)

67
50
66
66
60

45
54
60
57

71
61
60

62
65
59

Vehicle Class
1
2.55pm
until
3.05pm

3.05pm
until
3.15pm

3.15pm
until
3.25pm

3.25pm
until
3.35pm

65
67
56

2
63
62
57

3
62
48
56

47
61
72
68
38
62
47

60
70
62
70
60
67
62

54
73
66
60
65
78
60

100
62
59
62
45
65
56
65
60
65

69
67
67
70
85
50
71
61
67
64

63
57
76
71
66
60
66
59
66
59

70
43
69
56

47
49
47
56

52
65
57

56
69

58

66

48
52
86
52
50
52
82
49

58
57
58
65
56
63
60

44
53
61
68
65
67
65

42
92
67
81
62
84
49

52
98
63
61
57
80
51

80
61
66
72
77
50
61

62
43
38
56
52
42

55
52
55
40
62

53
60
58
55
61

61
49
59
48
80

43
35
56
63

49
47
61
43

67
67
60
87
70
70
50
60

63
65
63
73
54
71
59

61
58
70
56
64
59
99

69
67
66
72
69
77
67
54
67
57
67
50
80

65
59
62
60
57
55
60
67
73
73
70
60

76
59
70
73
60
61
51
85
65
76
63
67

60
45
50
68
70
64
50

50
70
60
50
57
77
64

53
64
54
51
53
45
53

54
59
50

53
80

68
55

Form SS2
Speed
Class
(km/h)

Upper
Limit
(km/h)

Class
Mid-point
(km/h)

Number of
Observation

30.5

Percentage of
Cumulative
Total
Percentage
Observation (%)
(%)
0

31-35

35.5

33

0.88

0.88

36-40

40.5

38

1.10

1.98

41-45

45.5

43

27

5.96

7.94

46-50

50.5

48

35

7.73

15.67

51-55

55.5

53

60

13.25

28.92

56-60

60.5

58

89

19.65

48.57

61-65

65.5

63

84

18.54

67.11

65-70

70.5

68

76

16.78

83.89

71-75

75.5

73

32

7.06

90.95

76-80

80.5

78

23

5.08

96.03

81-85

85.5

83

1.55

97.55

86-90

90.5

88

0.88

98.46

91-95

95.5

93

0.22

98.68

96-100

100.5

98

1.10

99.78

101-105

105.5

103

99.78

106-110

110.5

108

0.22

100

= 453

= 100

Calculation & Result

Speed
Class
(km/h)
31-35
36-40
41-45
46-50
51-55
56-60
61-65
65-70
71-75
76-80
81-85
86-90
91-95
96-100
101-105
106-110

Class
Mid-point
(km/h) (x)
33
38
43
48
53
58
63
68
73
78
83
88
93
98
103
108

1089
1444
1849
2304
2809
3364
3969
4624
5329
6084
6889
7744
8649
9604
10609
11664

Number of
Observation
(f)
4
5
27
35
60
89
84
76
32
23
7
4
1
5
0
1
= 453

fx

fx 2

132
190
1161
1680
3180
5162
5292
5168
2336
1794
581
352
93
490
0
108

4356
7220
49923
80640
168540
299396
333396
351424
170528
139932
48223
30976
8649
48020
0
11664

= 27719 = 1752887

fx
f
27719
Mean Speed =
= 61.90 km/hr
453

(a) Mean Speed =

(b) Median Speed = L + [

n
(2) fL
fm

]C

453
( 2 ) 220
Median Speed = 60.5 + [
]5
84
Median Speed = 60.89 km/hr
(c ) Mode Speed = 56km/hr to 60 km/hr
(d ) 85th Percentage Speed = 68km/hr (refer to the graph Cumulative Frequency
Distribution Curve)

(e) Standart deviation, =

fx 2
( fx)2

n 1 n(n 1)

(27719)2
1752887

Standart deviation, =

453 1 453(453 1)
Standart deviation, = 11.21 km/hr

(f) Pace = 53 km/hr to 63 km/hr (refer graph Frequency Distribution Curve)

Class 1 (Motorcycles)
Speed
Class
Class
Mid-point
(km/h)
(km/h) (x)
31-35
33
36-40
38
41-45
43
46-50
48
51-55
53
56-60
58
61-65
63
65-70
68
71-75
73
76-80
78
81-85
83
86-90
88
91-95
93
96-100
98

Number of
Observation
(f)
2
3
9
8
12
21
23
14
10
3
1
1
0
1

33
114
387
384
636
1218
1449
952
730
234
83
88
93
98

= 108

= 6499

6499
108
Mean Speed = 60.18 km/hr
Maximum Speed = 99 km/hr
Minimum Speed = 31 km/hr
Mean Speed =

fx

Class 2 (cars)
Speed
Class
Class
Mid-point
(km/h)
(km/h) (x)
31-35
33
36-40
38
41-45
43
46-50
48
51-55
53
56-60
58
61-65
63
65-70
68
71-75
73
76-80
78
81-85
83
86-90
88
91-95
93
96-100
98
101-105
103
106-110
108

Number of
Observation
(f)
1
0
8
12
20
37
49
39
18
15
6
3
1
3
0
1

33
0
344
576
1060
2146
3087
2652
1314
1170
498
264
93
294
0
108

= 213

= 11199

fx

11199
213
Mean Speed = 52.58 km/hr
Maximum Speed = 107 km/hr
Minimum Speed = 34 km/hr
Mean Speed =

Class 3 (Vans & Trucks)

Speed
Class
Class
Mid-point
(km/h)
(km/h) (x)
31-35
33
36-40
38
41-45
43
46-50
48
51-55
53
56-60
58
61-65
63
65-70
68
71-75
73
76-80
78
81-85
83
86-90
88
91-95
93
96-100
98

Number of
Observation
(f)
0
2
4
12
18
19
12
13
3
1
0
0
0
1

0
76
172
576
954
1102
756
884
219
78
0
0
0
98

= 85

= 4915

4915
85
Mean Speed = 57.52 km/hr
Maximum Speed = 99 km/hr
Minimum Speed = 38 km/hr
Mean Speed =

fx

Class 4 (Heavy Truck & Buses)

Speed
Class
Number of
Class
Mid-point Observation
(km/h)
(km/h) (x)
(f)
31-35
33
1
36-40
38
0
41-45
43
3
46-50
48
5
51-55
53
10
56-60
58
12
61-65
63
10
65-70
68
4
71-75
73
1
76-80
78
3
= 49
2837
49
Mean Speed = 57.90 km/hr
Maximum Speed = 80 km/hr
Minimum Speed = 31 km/hr
Mean Speed =

fx
33
0
129
240
530
696
630
272
73
234
= 2837

GRAPH
Frequency Histogram (Percentage of Vehicles vs. Speed)
Percentage of Vehicles
25

30.5-35.5
20

35.5-40.5
40.5-45.5
45.5-50.5
50.5-55.5
55.5-60.5
60.5-65.5

15

65.5-70.5
70.5-75.5
75.5-80.5
80.5-85.5
85.5-90.5
10
90.5-95.5
95.5-100.5
100.5-105.5
105.5-110.5

0
Vehicle Speed km/hr

Frequency Distribution Curve (Percentage of Vehicle vs. Speed)

Percentage of Vehicles
25

20

pace

15

10

58

speed km/hr

0
0

20

40

53

60

63

80

100

120

Cumulative Frequency Distribution Curve (Cumulative percentage vs. Speed)

1
Cumulative Percentage
120

100

85
80

60

40

20

68

speed (km/hr)

0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120