STRUCTURE 2 SPRING 2014

7 th Class: April 13, 2014 Module 8 &9 Noun Clauses & Reported Speech

Bonita Dilasari

Universitas Terbuka
Korea Selatan

MODULE 8 NOUN CLAUSE

Class 6 : Noun Clauses

Noun clause is a clause that plays the role of a noun. Like any noun, a noun clause can be a subject, an object, or a complement. In a sentence, a noun clause will be a dependent clause. In other words, a noun clause does not stand alone as a complete thought.

Noun clause sbg subjek: His story was interesting. What he said was interesting

Noun clause sbg objek: I heard his story. I heard what he said.

There are 3 groups of words that can be use to introduce noun clauses: 1. Question words :When, where, why, how, who, whom, which, whose 2. Whether if 3. That

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Noun Clause with Question Words

Noun Clause with Question Words

Question Where does she live? What did he say? When do they arrive? Noun Clause I dont know where she lives. I couldnt hear what he said. Do you know when they arrive?

I dont know where she lives S V O

where she lives Q S V

Learning Points: 1. Where she lives adalah objek dari kalimat tersebut 2. Do, did, does tidak dipergunakan dalam noun clause

Beberapa noun clause mempunyai pola yang sama dengan kalimat tanya, seperti:
Question Noun Clause S V S V Who lives there? I dont know who lives there. What happened? Please tell me what happened. Who is at the door? I wonder who is at the door.

Sementara beberapa lainnya harus mengalami perubahan pola:

Question Noun Clause Q Aux S Q S Aux Who is she? I dont know who she is What are these man? I dont know what these man are

Noun clause dapat digunakan sebagai subjek. Subjek dalam bentuk noun clause menggunakan singular verb.
Question What did he say? What should they do? Noun Clause What he said surprised me. What they should do is obvious.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2

Noun Clause with Whether or If

Noun Clause with Whether or If

Dikembangkan dari yes or no question

Pada noun clause with whether or if, kita bisa menambahkan kata or not. Or Not tidak mengubah makna kalimat, hanya memberi penekanan.
Without or not I dont know whether she will come. I wonder whether he needs help. I dont know if she will come. With or not I dont know whether she will come or not. I wonder whether or not he needs help. I dont know if she will come or not.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 3

Question Words Followed by Infinitives

Question Words Followed by Infinitives

Question Words Followed by Infinitives memiliki makna yang sama dengan should can/could.

For example:
Should Can/Could I dont know what I should do. Pramuki cant decide whether she should go or stay home. Please tell me how I can get to the Post Office. Jamal told us where we could find it. QW with Inf I dont know what to do. Pramuki cant decide whether to go or to stay home. Please tell me how to get to the Post Office. Jamal told us where to find it.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 4

Noun Clause with That

Noun Clause with That

Noun Clause with That berasal dari sebuah statement (pernyataan). Statement adalah ekspresi dari suatu gagasan. Noun Clause with That dapat berperan sebagai subjek ataupun objek pada sebuah kalimat.
Statement The word is round Noun clause as subject That the world is round is a fact Noun clause as object It is a fact that the world is round

She doesnt understand Korean

That she doesnt understand Korean is obvious

It is obvious (that) she doesnt understand Korean

Learning point: 1. Jika digunakan sebagai subjek, that tidak boleh dihilangkan. 2. Namun bila digunakan sebagai objek, that dapat dihilangkan. Terutama dalam percakapan.

MODULE 9 REPORTED SPEECH

Class 6 : Reported Speech

Reported speech adalah kalimat tidak langsung. Terdapat 3 jenis reported speech: 1. Reported Statement 2. Reported Question, and 3. Reported Order

LEARNING ACTIVITY 5

Reported Statement

Reported Statement
Reported Statement adalah mempergunakan noun clause untuk melaporkan suatu pernyataan yang telah dikemukakan oleh seseorang
Quoted Statement She said, I listen to the radio She said, I am listening to the radio She said, I have listened to the radio Reported Statement She said (that) she listened to the radio She said (that) she was listening to the radio She said she had listened to the radio

She said, I listened to the radio

She said, I will listen to the radio She said, I am going to listen to the radio She said, I can listen to the radio She said, I may listen to the radio She said, I must listen to the radio

She said she had listened to the radio

She said she would listen to the radio She said she was going to listen to the radio She said she could listen to the radio She said she might listen to the radio She said she had to listen to the radio

She said, I should listen to the radio

She said she should listen to the radio

Reported Statement
Learning Point:
1.
2. 3.

4.

5.

Apabila reporting verb dalam bentuk past, verb pada noun clause juga dalam bentuk past. The verbs: could, should, would, might, neednt, ought to, used to biasanya tidak berubah. Dalam percakapan, jika percakapan sedang berlangsung, tidak ada perubahan tenses A :what the teacher just said? I cant hear? B : He said he wants us to read. Present tense tetap digunakan jika membicarakan general truth She said that the world is round. Apabila reporting verb dalam bentuk simple present, present perfect atau future, kata kerja dalam noun clause tidak berubah.
Quoted Statement She says, I watch TV everyday She has said, I watch TV everyday Reported Statement She says she watches TV everyday She has said she watches TV everyday

Reported Statement
Say and Tell Learning Point: 1. Say langsung diikuti oleh noun clause 2. Tell diikuti oleh (pro)noun setelah itu baru noun clause Example: Lucy told that she was happy salah! Lucy told me that she was happy benar Lucy said me that she was happy salah! Lucy said (to me) that she was happy benar

LEARNING ACTIVITY 6

Reported Question

Reported Question Yes/No Question

Menggunakan noun clause untuk melaporkan suatu pertanyaan Learning point: 1. Menggunakan ask bukan say atau tell. Atau dapat jg menggunakan want to know, wonder atau inquire 2. Menggunakan whether/if untuk memperkenalkan noun clause 3. Pronoun object (kata ganti objek) dapat dihilangkan setelah ask
Question Reported Question

Sandi asked me whether/if I was alright

Sandi said, Are you alright?

Sandi wanted to know if I was alright

Sandi wondered whether I was alright Sandi inquire whether or not I was alright

Reported Question Question Words

Learning point: 1. Menggunakan ask bukan say atau tell. 2. Langsung menggunakan kalimat Tanya 3. Perhatikan perubahan subject dan pronoun!
Question She said, Where do you live?
She said, What is your name? She said, How old she is? She said, What do you do?

Reported Question She asked me where I lived.

She asked me what my name. She asked me how old she was. She asked me what I did.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 7

Reported Order

Reported Order
Menggunakan noun clause untuk melaporkan kalimat perintah, ajakan, undangan atau permintaan
Direct Order Jamal said, Please come to my party! My teacher said, You should learn more! Reported Order Jamal invited me to come to his party My teacher advised me to learn more.

Pattern pada reported order: Jamal invited me to come to his party S + reporting verb + (pro)noun object + infinitive phrase

Kata-kata yang dapat berperan sebagai reporting verb:

Allow Beg Challenge Convince Direct Encourage Expect Instruct Persuade Urge

What did they say?