Sabrina Isaac (madefullmetal) Rockets:

A rocket is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle that obtains thrust from a rocket engine. Rocket engine exhaust is formed from propellants carried inside the rocket before hand. Rockets are generally very tall and slim. "Rocket" can also mean a type of engine. Rocket Engines: Like most other engines, rockets burn fuel. Most rocket engines turn the fuel into hot gas. Then the engine pushes the gas out its back. The gas causes the rocket to move for ard. Rockets don!t rely on the atmosphere, unlike a "et engine. Rockets don!t need air to ork because they already carry everything they need. This is hy a rocket is able to ork in space. There are t o main types of engines that rockets use. #ome rockets use li$uid fuel hile others use solid fuel. An example of a rocket that uses li$uid fuel is the Russian #oyu%. &n the sides of the space shuttle are t o hite solid rocket boosters. 'ire orks and model rockets also use solid fuels to fly. Newtons Laws: The ay a rocket orks can be explained ith #ir (saac )e ton!s third la of motion. )e ton!s third la states that for every action in nature there is an e$ual and opposite reaction. The la explains the creation of thrust by a rocket engine. (n a rocket engine, hot exhaust gas is produced by the combustion of a fuel ith an oxidi%er. An oxidi%er is a type of chemical hich a fuel re$uires to burn. Most types of burning on *arth use oxygen, hich is idespread in the atmosphere. +o ever in space there is no

atmosphere to provide oxygen or other oxidi%ers so rockets need to carry up their o n oxidi%ers. The hot exhaust gas flo s through the rocket no%%le and is brought to the rear of the rocket. Thus, a thrusting force is produced on the engine mount. The thrust accelerates the rocket as described by )e ton,s second la of motion hich states acceleration is produced hen a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass of the ob"ect being accelerated, the greater the amount of force needed to accelerate the ob"ect. Four Forces of Flight: The four forces of flight are eight, lift, thrust and drag. These forces determine ho an aircraft flies. +o the ob"ect moves through the air changes ith the amount of each force. These forces cause an ob"ect to move up and do n, and faster or slo er. eight is a natural force generated by gravity that acts vertical to earth!s surface. -eight is exerted through the center of gravity. (t is also the opposite of lift. *verything on *arth has eight. This force comes from gravity pulling do n on ob"ects. To fly, an aircraft needs something to push it in the opposite direction from gravity. The eight of an ob"ect controls ho strong the push has to be. Lift is the push that lets something move up. (t is the force that is the opposite of eight. *verything that flies must have lift. An aircraft needs to have more lift than eight to move up ard. A hot air balloon has lift. The hot air inside is lighter than the air around it. +ot air rises and carries the balloon ith it. A helicopter,s lift comes from the rotor blades at the top of the helicopter. Their motion through the air moves the helicopter up ard. Lift for an airplane comes from its ings. Airplane ings, usually, are flat on the bottom and curved on top. This is because the air flo ing over the ing is forced to move faster than the air flo ing under the ing.

This causes a lo er air pressure above the ing, than the pressure beneath it. This causes the ing to be pushed to the lo er pressure, thus lifting the ing. !rag is a force that tries to slo something do n. (t makes it hard for an ob"ect to move. (t is harder to alk or run through ater than through air because ater causes more drag than air. The shape of an ob"ect also changes the amount of drag. Most round surfaces have less drag than flat ones. )arro surfaces usually have less drag than ide ones. The more air that hits a surface, the more drag it makes. .rag is hori%ontal force acting parallel to the flight path, and is the opposite of thrust. "hrust is the force that is the opposite of drag and is the push that moves something for ard. 'or an aircraft to keep moving for ard, it must have more thrust than drag. A small airplane might get its thrust from a propeller. A larger airplane might get its thrust from "et engines. -hen airspeed is constant, thrust e$uals drag. -hen airspeed is accelerating, thrust is greater than drag. Lastly, hen decelerating, drag ould be greater than the thrust.

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