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16 April 2014

website : www.adfagra.org

INDEX

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The 175 crore Taj Heritage Corridor Project, in year 2003, brought a political turmoil in UP leading to the exit of Mayawati (Aug., 03). However, before this controversial project could be stayed by the Supreme Court on M.C. Mehta's plea (Writ Petition No. 13381 of 1984), Rs. 17 crores stood spent to reclaim 2 areas in the river bed of Yamuna, namely, Component-A having an area of about 20 Hect. on the right bank between the upstream and of Taj Mahal to the upstream end of the Agra Fort & Component-B having an area about 6 Hect. on the left bank between Ram Bagh and opposite Agra Fort.

maximum protection to the environment in and around the Taj? The Supreme Court, on being confronted with these vexed issues, appointed on 5.12.2005 (Annexure-1) an Expert Committee to examine the issue, which consisted of Krishna Mahajan (Amicus Curie), besides the representatives of the CPCB, Ministry of Environment & Forest and the Superintending Archaeologist of ASI, Agra.

Supreme Court accepted Committee's recommendation on 13.2.2006 Supreme Court appointed expert committee on 5.12.2005
The question then cropped up before the Supreme Court as to what was to be done with these reclaimed areas whether the debris were to be removed? What steps were needed to ensure The Committee submitted its report, which was accepted by the Supreme Court on 13.2.2006 ( Annexure-2 ). Its implementation and the responsibility to oversee were entrusted to the ASI but curiously enough, the recommendations are yet to see the light of the day. The reclaimed areas are lying barren as an eyesore for the tourists visiting Agra Fort and Taj Mahal.

Main recommendation of the Committee:

The Committee, after visiting the site, opined (Report: February, 2006) that the existing construction work in the disturbed area should not be undone and that there was no question of any large scale removal of the debris of the reclaimed components (A & B). Notably, the principal findings of the Committee were : The influence of the construction work (Component-A) on river flow field is only local and the effect is dissipated before river reaches Taj Mahal. The large scale undoing of the earthwork carried out under the THCP will further create environmental problems and amount to uprooting of the stabilized soil. The undoing activity may loosen the soil which might affect the Taj. The Committee then also recommended that the entire reclaimed area should be converted into Green Belt with rain water harvesting system. It should be under the supervision of the ASI. The Committee also opined that the green area of the Component-A be declared to be a part of the protected monuments of the Taj and the Agra Fort and the whole green area be an integrated complex having only walking mud tracks.

Conserve rain water by enhancing percolation and recharging ground water aquifers. Provide adequate ecological habitat for wild life. Preserve important terrestrial habitat. Increase scenic beauty around heritage monuments as a visual delight of serenity. Protect soil erosion near the monuments. Absorb flood water during high flow condition in river. The Committee also emphasised that the major drain, the Nala Mantola and also of the smaller drain flowing from the Taj Western Gate to the Shamshan Ghat be tapped and properly managed; the entire

Committee pointed out environmental benefits

The Supreme Court Committee emphasized several environmental benefits of converting the reclaimed areas into green belt by stating that it would Provide excellent protection to the protected monuments from air and water pollution. Have beneficial effects for the health of people of Agra.

none made a mention to the Supreme Court to clarify its funding agency. Should such important project remain hanging, even after ASI agreed in its affidavit that it would be in the interest of Taj Mahal, Mehtab Bagh, Agra Fort, Etmad-ud-Daula, Chini-Ka-Rauza & Ram Bagh?

ADF met the PM on 5.5.2010 & other concerned

A delegation led by MP, Dr. Ramshankar Katheria, met the PM, Manmohan Singh, on 5.5.2010 & represented him the matter with the request to resolve the issue by his kind intervention but of no avail. ADF also met several times the various Divisional Commissioners of Agra in this regard. A delegation also met Sri Jawahar Sarkar, the then Secretary, Ministry of Culture, New Delhi.

greening project should be under the monitoring of the Supreme Court and there should be solar lighting of this river front development, besides the immediate demarcation of river bed and its protection from encroachment or occupation.

Cost estimate by the Committee

The Committee estimated the cost of ecorestoration to be approx. 42.5 crores, which included 39 lacs for the development of green belt of 26 hect. of lands of Component-A & B and Rs. 27 crores for the cost of managing Nala Mantola and the second Nala. The Nala Mantola, just very close to Taj, posses a shabby view.

ASI filed affidavit in March, 2006 instead of implementation:

The ASI instead of preparing the estimate of the project cost for its implementation in terms of the Supreme Court's order dt. 13.2.2006, pushed the buck by filing an affidavit in March 2006 before the Supreme Court, and took a stand that 'the funds and technical manpower for converting the area into a garden /green belt should be provided by the Ministry of Environment & Forest.' Since thereafter,

Forest Department moves IA No. 502 in 2012 for greenery

Consequent to the issue being raised, time and again, before the authorities, the Forest Department of UP Govt. moved IA No. 502 on January, 2012 seeking appropriate direction /permission to the Forest Department to develop the Taj Heritage Corridor Area (20 hectare area) in accordance with its development scheme.

for seeking further orders in the matter. The proposal of the Forest Department (vie IA No. 502) is also incomplete and is not agreeable to the ASI.

Way Ahead:
The reclaimed site (Component-A) lie just in the front of the Agra Fort and offers an unique picturesque and mesmerizing view of the 17th Centaury marvel, Taj Mahal and magnificent Agra Fort. Once this 20 hectare (2 lac sq.mtrs.) stretch of this land, being 1.3 kms. in its length, is developed, it would add to another beautiful & strategically located 'must visit' spot for the tourists. This site is probably the world's only site from where two UNESCO World Heritage Monuments can be viewed together. At present, the site is an eyesore to all visitors, as which is full of garbage with stinking smell of the dead-bodies of the animals. The people from tourism trade often complain of the glaring apathy of the Departments. The issue needs to be addressed with urgency. Lets the ASI and the Ministry of Environment & Forest take immediate steps to develop this most significant site and the unpleasant controversy of the Taj Heritage Corridor Project ends with a happy note of this green space. The Divisional Commissioner, Agra may have a proactive role for evolving a consensual approach of all Departments including ASI & Environment.

ASI opposes the application by filing its CA on 11.7.2013.

ASI, in its response, filed its counter affidavit (dt 11.7.2013) taking following points to oppose the application: Fencing & entire work should be under the control & supervision of ASI; Component A & B should be simultaneously developed; Treatment of Nullah Mantola discharge be an integral part of development of ComponentA; Proposed extensive loan historically incongruent; Detailed plan supported by drawings be filed; & Expert committee be appointed to scrutinize the detail proposal.

Matter still pending consideration:

Most unfortunately, the Supreme Court order dt.13.2.2006 yet remains pending for its implementation. The ASI or Ministry of Forest & Environment never approached the Supreme Court

Reference - 2 Reference - 1 On December 5, 2005 the Hon'ble Supreme Court passed the following order in IAs 387,389 and 390 in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 13381/1984;
For the purpose of facilitating the rehabilitation of the area which was disturbed by reason of the constructions made pursuant to the Taj Heritage Corridor Project, we set up a Committee which shall consist of following members: (a) Mr. Krishan Mahajan. Advocate, Supreme Court of India, (b) Dr. R.C. Trivedi, Scientist, Central Pollution Control Board; (c) Representative of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, (d) The Superintendent, Archeological Survey of India, Agra Circle; and (e) An Expert to be nominated by the Central Pollution Control Board The Ministry of Environment and .Forests as well as the Central Pollution Control Board shall name their representative to be member of the Committee, within a week from date. The Committee shall submit a report in respect of the following matters: (i) Removal of the debris; and (ii) Taking of further steps to ensure that the maximum protection is given to the environment in and around the Taj, including the cost of removal of debris and the embankment, if necessary. It is made clear that at the outset the Committee will note in detail the present status of the environment including the steps taken for the construction of the Taj Heritage Corridor and in particular take an inventory of the debris., The expenses of the Committee shall be met by the Ministry of Culture. The Committee will submit its report within a period of eight weeks from the date of its constitution.

Order passed by the Hon'ble Supreme Court on 13.2.2006 in I.As. No. 387 & 389-390 in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 13381/1984
The recommendations made by the Committee appointed by this Court by its order dated 5th December, 2005 are accepted and directed to be implemented. The Archaeological Survey of India will oversee the implementation of the project and will consider the report and submit to this Court within a period of two weeks as to the necessary project costs for implementation of the project. List these applications after two weeks.

Reference - 3 Order passed on 15.7.2013 on IA No. 502-503 in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 13381/1984 passed by Hon'ble Supreme Court
The learned AAG for the State of U.P., Mr. Gaurav Bhatia, submitted that in IA Nos.502-503 of 2012, filed in the pending writ petition, a response had been filed by the Archaeological Survey of India (A.S.I.), to which the applicants would like to file their reply. Let these applications stand over for a period of two weeks for the present, to enable the State of U.P.to file its response to the said affidavit.

Reference - 4 Stand taken by ASI in its Counter Affidavit dated 11.7.2013 filed before the Hon'ble Supreme Court in IA No. 502 of 2012
1. Fencing & entire work be under the control & supervision of ASI:
Fencing and other aspect of the proposal indicate the preparation of the control over the facilities created in the disturbed area by the Applicant. This is also against the spirit of the recommendation of the said committee which clearly lay down that this entire work should be under the control and supervision of the Archeological Survey of India which has already gained experience in implementing the court orders concerning the creation and maintenance of Mehtab Bagh on the basis of historical documents and principles of aesthetics. That the area should be part of the protected monument under the control of Archaeological Survey of India. The applicant is conveniently silent on this aspect.

also causes many unpleasant experiences to the visitors near the Agra Fort, which is also a World Heritage Monument. The Government of UP in spite of collecting huge revenue through the Pathkar has not attended to this problem. Developing a huge green park with a massive nullah carrying sewage in the middle defies logic.

4. Proposed extensive loan historically incongruent:

Further it is stated that an extensive lawn in between the Agra Fort and Taj Mahal will be historically incongruent as the area was traditionally a dry river bed.

5. Detailed plan supported by drawings be filed:

It is further submitted that the applicant may be asked to file a detailed plan supported by drawings as the LA provides only a sketchy plan. The applicant had not stated the role of Archaeological Survey of India in project implementation which was enshrined and central in the recommendations. Further, the Hon'ble Court may issue suitable instruction in this regard so that the role of Archeological Survey of India in the project implementation and future control of the area as recommended by the Mahajan Committee. This will enable the Archaeological Survey of India to include the area as part of the protected area by bringing out due notifications.

2. Component A & B should be simultaneously developed:

Further, the Committee was categorical that both the components should be simultaneously developed. However, the applicant seems evinced interest in the most disputed and disturbed component.

6. Expert committed be appointed to scrutinize the detail proposal:

It is further submitted that the Hon'ble Court may be pleased to appoint an expert committee for scrutinizing the details proposal of the applicant for its final approval.

3. Treatment of Nullah Mantola discharge be an integral part of development of Component A:

The Committee is categorical in the tackling the problems posed by the sewage discharge through the Mantola Nullah and recommends that treating the discharge is an integral part of the efforts in the development of the component A. This was not addressed by the applicant except for channelizing the nullah by construction of retaining wall. It is further brought to the notice of the Hon'ble Court that the sewage discharge through the nullah is not only an acute problem at this area but

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v k x j k e sa m k j n s' k e sa i g y h c k j f u t h { k s= e sa l o Zl qf o / k k ; q b aM f L V ; y , f j ; k f o d f l r d j u s d h i g y g qb Z g SA b l s v k i , l b Z t s M d h r j g e k u l d r s g S a A v a r j f l Q Z n sd j v k S| k sf x d H k wf e d h d e h d k sm k j n s' k b r u k g S f d , l b Z t s M e s a , D l i k s V Z v k / k k f j r ' k k l u d s l aK k u e sa y k p qd k g SA K k i u e sa , Q e Sd c u k , x k y Sn j i k d Z b d k b Z; k ag k sr h g Sa] t c f d ; g k aM k se sf L V d e k d sZV L i " V d g k x ; k F k k f d v k S| k sf x d H k wf e d h n j sa v k x j kQ qV f o ; j e SU ; qQ SD p j l Z , aM s f y , m R i k n u d j u s o k y h b d k b Z; k a e q[ k m | e h d h i g qap l s c k g j g k s x b Za g SaA b l d k d , D l i k s V Z l Z p k S a c j ( , Q e S d ) u s e s x k y s n j : i l s g k s a x h v k S j , D l i k s V Z d j u s o k y h e q[ k d k j . k f o d f l r v k S| k sf x d H k wf e d h D y L V j d s f y , [ k q n t e h u r y k ' k u h ' k q : b d k b Z ; k a H k h g k s a x h A ; g j k " V h ; j k t e k x Z u a 2 d e h g SA f o d f l r H k wf e d h m i y C / k r k c < +k u s j n h g SA v / ; { k J h i wj u M k c j u s c r k ; k i j d qc sj i qj d su t n h d / k j sj k x k ao e sa c u j g k d d s f y , y SaM i wf y ax d h f o p k j / k k j k d k s v k x s f d e s x k y s n j D y L V j d s f y , m | e h g h SA c < +k u sd h v k o ' ; d r k g SA x qt j k r , o ae g k j k " V g f e y d j 6 0 l s1 0 0 , d M +r d t e h u [ k j h n e sa y k x w r d u h d d k ; k sx m k j n s' k d s j g s g S a A o g [ k q n v i u k v k S | k s f x d { k s = f o d f l r v k S| k sf x d i f j n `' ; d k sc n y l d r k g SA d j sax sA J h M k c j d k e k u u k g Sf d l j d k j d s i k l H k w f e u g k s u s l s g e v i u k v k S | k s f x d e k L V j I y k u e sa g S f o d k l u g h aj k sd l d r sA v k x j k e sa g q, y Sn j d e v k S| k sf x d H k wf e ' k k sd k y k H k H k h f e y u k r ; g SA : l d sg k y k r f Q j l d k j k R e d g SaA v k x j k e k L V j I y k u e sa d qy 8 0 1 f r ' k r , d e k = x sV l s o s' ko k y k; g H k wf e g h v k S| k sf x d H k wf e v af d r g SA v k x j k b aM f L V ; y i k d Z l qj { k k d s m P p e k u n aM k sa d k s v k b ZV h g c d s: i e sa f o d k l k f / k d j . kd hL o h r v k x j k / ; k u e sa j [ k d j c u k ; k t k j g k g SA i wj k e k L V j I y k u & 2 0 2 1 e sa f o f H k U u H k w& m i ; k sx k sa f o d f l r g k su k g Sv k x j k b aM f L V ; y i k d Zl h l h V h o h d Se j k sa d h u t j e sa (Different Land use) d sf y , f p f U g r d qy d Sn j g sx k A 6 Q h V d h n h o k j v k Sj m l d s m k j n s' k l j d k j u s n s' k e sa v k x j k H k wf e d k { k s= Q y 2 0 ] 0 3 6 9 7 g SD V s; j g S] i j 2 Q h V d h Q saf l ax l sd o j d j u so k y h v k S j y [ k u d k s v k b Z V h g c d s : i e sa f t l e sa l s m | k sx ( n w" k . k j f g r ) d s f y , o k m aM h d sl g k j sd k sb ZQ SD V h u g h ag k sx h A o k m aM h f o d f l r g k s u s d h ? k k s " k . k k d h F k h A y [ k u e s a t k su o k j { k s= Q y b l d k j g Sa & d sc k n p k j k sa r j Q g f j ; k y h o k y h [ k k y h t x g v k b ZV h f l V h c u k u s d s f y , d Sf c u sV u s p d g k sx h A b aM f L V ; y i k d Zd sv an j i qf y l p k Sd h ]x t k su 2 & 3 4 0 6 7 g SD V s; j t f j ; k Q k e Z d h 1 5 0 , d M + t e h u v k b ZV h Q k ; j L V s' k u ] f c t y h d k l c L V s' k u ] c Sad f o H k k x d k s n s u s d s L r k o d k s e a t w j h n s n h x b Z t k su 3 & 1 0 3 2 7 g SD V s; j v k Sj , V h , e ] i k sL V v k Wf Q l ] Q wM d k sV Z] d SaV h u ]g S A ; g t e h u i ' k q / k u f o H k k x g S ] t k s f u % ' k q Y d t k su 5 & 5 0 4 3 2 g SD V s; j / k e Zd k aV k d sf y , L F k k u l qj f { k r j [ k k x ; k g SAn h x b Z g SA ; g k a l ap k j O ; o L F k k d s f y , ( ' k e ' k k c k n o n so j h i k d Z e sa l k e qn k f ; d l so k v k sa d s l k F k v f r f F k M sf M d sV sM v F k ZL V s' k u d s v y k o k o h l SV f y ad j k sM d se / ; ) x `g H k h j g sx k A i k u h d sf y , V Sad v k f n d sl k F k H k h g k sx k A n qH k k ZX ; d k f o " k ; g S f d v k x j k e sa o k r k o j . k d k s e u k s j e c u k , j [ k u s d s f y , t k su 7 & 4 4 2 7 3 g SD V s; j v k b Z V h f l V h d s f y , ' k k l u d k sb Z t x g g f j ; k y h d k f o ' k s" k / ; k u j [ k k x ; k g SAQ k b u y d j f o d f l r d j u s d h ; k st u k i j d qy H k wf e 1 3 9 0 9 9 g SD V s; j b aM f L V ; y , f j ; k d h n j # i ; s6 2 0 0 f r o x Z d k e u g h ad j j g k g SA t ; i qj j k sM i j y sn j m k j n s' k v k S| k sf x d f o d k l f u x e e h V j g SaA i k d Z d h d qN H k wf e v k b ZV h i k d Z d s f y , n su s f y (UPSIDC) d h H k wf e b l d k j n ' k k Z; h f u t h { k s= d s b aM f L V ; y i k d Z m k j d h c k r d g h x b ZF k h y sf d u v H k h b l f n ' k k e sa g qb Zg S H k k j r e sa f l Q Z e / ; n s' k d s b an k Sj v k Sj d k sb ZB k sl d k ; Zo k g h u g h ag qb Zg SA m k j k [ k aM d sg f j } k j e sa f l M d qy g SA m k j k [ k aM t k su 2 & 8 9 4 1 g SD V s; j e s a n s ' k l s c k g j d s f u o k f l ; k s a d k s v k o k l h ; t k su 3 & 5 2 8 9 g SD V s; j t e h u [ k j h n u s d s f y , 2 0 0 o x Z e h V j d h t k su 7 & 7 3 0 2 g SD V s; j l h e k f u / k k Zf j r g SA ; k u h ; f n d k sb Zm | e h ; g k a v k d j j g d j m | e p y k u k p k g s r k s v k x j k d qy H k wf e 2 1 5 3 2 g SD V s; j e sa d k sb Z f r c a/ k u g h a g SA f n Y y h ] g f j ; k . k k ] j k t L F k k u ] f c g k j v k S j f g e k p y n s ' k e sa ' k e ' k k c k n j k sM v k Sj n so j h d k sb Zf u t h b aM f L V ; y i k d Zu g h ag SA ; g i k d Z j k sM d sc h p H k wf e v f o d f l r m | e h d s f y , l H k h l qf o / k k , a e qg S ; k d j k u s o k y k l k f c r g k s j g k g S A ' k e ' k k c k n j k sM v k Sj n so j h j k sM d s c h p v k x j k f o d k l k f / k d j . k d h e g k ; k st u k 2 0 2 1

11

 h g k sY M d j n s v k Sj y SaM ; wt p sat d j u s d h j k t L F k k u l j d k j u s3 5 l k y l sd e d s f ; k v k l k u d j n sr k sF k k sM +s l e ; d sf y , ; qo k v k sa d k s m | k sx d s f y , y k su v k Sj t e h u u h f r 2 0 1 4 e sa v k o k l h ; H k wf e d sf o d k l d s g h l g h j k g r f e y l d r h g S A n su s d k Q Sl y k f y ; k g SA v c j h d k s] m | k sx f y , O ; o L F k k d h x b Z g S A v k x j k v k ; j u Q k m aM l Z , l k sf l , ' k u d s f o H k k x v k Sj v k j , Q l h d st f j , e / ; e ] y ? k q f u t h { k s= } k j k t k su , v k S| k sf x d { k s= v / ; { k J h v e j f e k y d k d g u k g S f d g e v k Sj v f r y ? k qm | k sx k sa d k sD y L V j d s: i e sa f o d f l r f d , t k , m U g s a f o d k l k f / k d j . k ] ac s l e ; l s u , v k S| k sf x d i k d Z f o d f l r f o d f l r d j u s d h f n ' k k e sa d k e f d ; k y v k S | k s f x d f o d k l k f / k d j . k } k j k k s R l k f g r j u sd h e k ax d j r sj g sg SaA ' k k l u d sl k F k t k , x k A j h d k sd h v k sj l sv k j f { k r n j l sH k h d f d ; k t k , v k Sj f c u k v M +p u k sa d s o f d l h g k s u s o k y h m | k s x c a / k q c S B d e s a H k h p p k Z g k s r h d e n j i j 3 0 f r ' k r l sT ; k n k v k S| k sf x d d k j d h y so h d sL o h r f d ; k t k , A j g r h g SA c M +s [ k sn d k f o " k ; g Sf d ' k k l u u s { k s= e sa H k w[ k aM v k o aV u d j u sd sl k F k g h m | k sx v H k h r d d g h a d k s b Z u ; k v k S | k s f x d { k s = c u k u s v U ; n s ' k k s a e s a v k S | k s f x d H k w f e v k o aV u f o H k k x d se k / ; e l sb y Sf D V f l V h M wV h ] o SV ] d s f y , L r k o r d r S ; k j u g h a f d ; k g S A d h n j d h u h f r d k v / ; ; u f d ; k t k , v k Sj m R i k n ' k qY d e sa N wV v k f n f j ; k ; r sa H k h n h m u d h v P N k b ; k sa d k sv i u s n s' k e sa H k h y k x w t k , ax h A g e k j sl q> k o f d ; k t k , A H k wf e v f / k x zg . k d k u wu v k x j k d s l H k h e q[ k j k t e k x k saZ i j y sn j i k d Z i j l j d k j L V s [ k k f j t v k S| k sf x d { k s= g k su sp k f g , A v H k h t g k au g h ag Sa d j o k d j m l sv k o af V r d j s] f t l l sf o d k l l sc < +h d h e r o g k af o d f l r g k saA d h f ; k ' k q: g k sA H k wf e v f / k x zg . k d k u wu l sm | k sx t x r d s b Zi h v k b Zi h e sa , D l i k sV Zv k / k k f j r m | k sx l j d k j d k sb l f o " k ; i j f o p k j d j u k f y , t e h u y su k e qf ' d y g k sx ; k g SA d k u wu d s d sf y , t x g v k o af V r d h t k j g h g SA [ k k y h p k f g , f d m | k sx d h L F k k i u k l s u d so y k o / k k u k sa i j m | k sx t x r d s t k u d k j k sa d k I y k WV n sl h & f o n s' k h n k su k sa c k t k j k sa d s f y , j k st x k j g h f e y r k g S] l k F k g h l k F k O ; k i k j d g u k g Sf d b l l sy k x r e sa r h u l sl k < +s r h u m R i k n u d j u so k y sm | k sx d sf y , v k o af V r d j ] m R i k n u d j o d b Zv U ; d j l sj k t L o x qu k r d y k x r c < +k s k j h d k v u qe k u g SAd j f n , t k , aA H k h k I r g k sx k A v r % b l n `f " V l s ; f n l h v k b Zv k b Zd sv / ; { k J h , l x k si k y " . k u u s v k S| k sf x d H k w[ k aM k sa i j l j d k j l f C l M h H k h n s y SaM ; wt c n y k o d h f ; k d k sv k l k u d g k ] ^ f c y d s k o / k k u k sa l s k st sD V k sa d h y k x r r k s H k h l j d k j d s f y , Q k ; n s d k l k Sn k f d ; k t k , A e sa d k Q hb t k Q kg k sx k A b l d kv l j g k sx k A e k L V j I y k u v k Sj v f / k d v k S| k sf x d v F k ZO ; o L F k k i j H k h i M +sx k * A , l k sp k Se d s u , v k S| k sf x d { k s= k sa e sa l qj { k k ] f c t y h ] H k wf e d k s v k x j k f o d k l k f / k d j . k } k j k e g k l f p o J h M h , l j k o r u s d g k ] ^ H k ; k u d l M + d o j [ k j [ k k o v k f n l q f o / k k , a H k h l j d k j f p f U g r f d ; k t k , ] t k s m | f e ; k s a d h e k a x l qL r h l s t w> j g s m | k sx t x r d s f y , ; g qg S ; k d j sr k f d u , { k s= k sa e sa b d k b ZL F k k i u k d k s/ ; k u e sa j [ k r sg q, e q[ ; e k x k saZ i j y x h e > V d s d s l e k u g SA b l l s v k S| k sf x d e s a m | f e ; k s a d k s l q x e r k g k s A H k w f e g k s A i f j ; k st u k v k sa v k Sj j h ; y , L V sV { k s= e sa n k e v k l e k u i j i g qap sax s* A v k S| k sf x d H k wf e d h j f t L V h i j L V k E i ' k qY d e k Q g k su k p k f g , A < wa< u sg k sax su , m i k ; k Wl l f C l M k b t s' k u d s e k / ; e l s t k f g j g St c f o d k l d sf y , v k S| k sf x d v k S| k sf x d H k w[ k aM k sa d h v k o aV u n j d e j [ k h { k s= / k qj h d h H k wf e d k f u H k k r s g Sa] r k s g e sa m u t k , r F k k v k S| k sf x d v k L F k k u e sa c u k , t k u s l H k h l aH k k o u k v k sa d k s r y k ' k u k g k sx k ] t g k a l s o k y s O ; o l k f ; d , o a v k o k l h ; H k w[ k aM k sa d k s b l / k qj h d k sx f r f e y r h g k sA v k x j k u s' k u y c k t k j n j i j f u L r k f j r f d ; k t k , A p SE c j d sv / ; { k J h v r qy x qI r k d k d g u k g S] v k S| k sf x d b d k b Z; k af u / k k Zf j r l e ; k o f / k l j d k j d s i k l f Q j k st k c k n j k sM i j d k Q h e sa m R i k n u k j E H k d j n sr h g Sa r k s m U g sa t x g g S] m l e sa l s l j d k j 1 ] 0 0 0 , d M + v k o aV u n j e sa f o ' k s" k N wV d k k o / k k u d k c k Wy h c qM g L r h J h l at ; [ k k u d k sn sj g h g SAy k H k f n ; k t k , A g e k j h e k ax g Sf d ; f n n s' k ' k k l u e k = 5 0 0 N k sV s v k S| k sf x d H k w[ k aM k sa d h n j sa c M +s , d M +t e h u u , v k S| k sf x d { k s= d s f y , n s v k S | k s f x d H k w [ k a M k s a d h r q y u k e s a d e j [ k h n sr h g S] r k s v k x j k e sa u , m | k sx k sa d s f y , t k , aA f u o s' k v k Sj j k st x k j l `t u d h > M +h y x v k S| k sf x d H k wf e d sf o d k l d sf y , y SaM t k , x h A i w f y a x d h v o / k k j . k k d k s y k x w f d ; k t k , , l k sp k Se d si n k f / k d k j h J h j k t h o x qI r k t S l k f d m k j n s ' k ' k k l u d h u b Z v k o k l d k e k u u k g S f d v k S| k sf x d f o L r k j e sa

y k y Q h r k ' k k g h d k s e t c wr d j u s o k y s f u ; e k sa j k t L F k k u n sj g k ; qo k v k sa e sa c n y k o y k d j Q k Sj h r k Sj i j j k g r t qV k b Z k l d r h g SA ; f n ; wi h , l v k b ZM h l h t e h u d k s d k sy k su v k Sj t e h u t

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d k sy sd j c zf V ' k l al n e sa u k F k sZE i V u ' k k ; j l s v k u so k y sl k al n o sf j u f L e F k d s} k j k 0 9 e k p Z 1 8 4 3 e sa y k ; sx ; s, d L r k o i j y E c h c g l g qb Z F k h ] v k Sj c k n e sa L r k o d k s 2 4 2 d h r qy u k e sa f e y s e g t 1 5 7 e r k sa d s d k j . k f u j L r d j f n ; k x ; k A f o j k s/ k d j u so k y k sa e sa , e l Zu V su sU V e q[ ; F k s t k s f d m l l e ; l sd sV h ] c k sM Zv k WQ d aV k sy d se g R o i w. k Zi n d k n k f ; R o H k h l aH k k y r s F k sA f u j L r g q, b l L r k o e sa b f y x c F k Zd s} k j k l k se u k F k e f U n j d sn j o k t se f L t n l sm [ k k M +d j y k u sd k s1 6 u o E c j 1 8 4 2 d k s f n ; s x ; s v k n s' k d h v k y k sp u k d j t k j h ' k k l u k n s' k d k s b ZL V b af M ; k d i u h d sd k sV Zv k WQ M k ; j SD V j d sm l f u . k Z; d sf o # c r k u sd k ; k l f d ; k x ; k F k k f t l e sa c g q / k e Z v u q; k f ; ; k sa o k y s H k k j r h ; m i f u o s' k e sa / k k f e Zd L o r a= r k d sv k Sf p R ; d k s L o h d k j k x ; k F k k A H k k j r d s v y k o k b L y k e h x t u h e sa e k Sg E e n x t u h d h n j x k g i j y x sn j o k t sf t U g sa l k se u k F k e f U n j l sy wV d j y st k ; k x ; k j k T ; k sa e sa t u l ao sn u k v k sa d k s> ar d j n su so k y h e k u k t k r k F k k v k Sj b U g h ad k s^ 1 t k V c V k f y ; u ( c k n e sa 2 & e Sd su k b T M b U Q sU V h ) * b l i wj h c g l e sa r F ; k sa v k Sj ? k V u k v k sa d k s d st k V t o k u m [ k k M +d j H k k j r y sv k ; sF k sA e u k F k e f U n j d so y / k e Zv k Sj v k L F k k L F k y g h l k su g h aj k " V d sl E e k u d k r h d g S] b l l st qM +h g j ? k V u k v k Sj l k e k u d k [ k k l e g R o g SA f Q ? j t c e k e y k e f U n j d sn j o k t k sa d k g k s r k s c k r g h v y x g SA l k se u k F k e f U n j d s f u e k Z. k d k d k e v i u st h o u d k y e sa ' k L r d j o k u s o k y s l j n k j c Y y H k H k k b Z i V sy d k t U e ' k r h o " k Z g k su s l s v k x j k f d y s e sa j [ k s n j o k t s , d c k j i qu % v k d " k Z. k d k d sU g SaA l e ; d s c n y k o d s c k n v c b u d k e g R o l k se u k F k e f U n j d se wy n j o k t sg k su sl sd g h v f / k d H k k j r d s y qV sj s f o n s' k hv k k ar k e k Sg E e n x t u o h d h e t k j l s m [ k k M + d j y k ; sx ; sx sV k sa d s: i e sa v f / k d g SA l aH k o r % b l h f y ; s x qt j k r d s y k sx [ k k l d j b f r g k l f o n k sa e sa l s, d o x Zp k g r k g Sf d ? b u n j o k t k sa d k sH k y sg h i qj k r R o l o sZ{ k . k v i u sg h i k l j [ k s f d U r q n ' k Zu d s f y ; s l k se u k F k d s v k l i k l f d l h L F k k u d k sp qu k t k ; sA v k x j k f d y sd s, d d { k e sa n ' k Zd sr k Sj i j j [ k N k sM +s x ; s b f r g k l d s ; s e wd l k { ; , d c k j f Q j l s t u v k d " k Z. k d k d sU c u x ; s g SaA f d y s d s i f j l j e sa c U n i M +s ' k h ' k e g y d sl k F k g h e k p Ze sa b U g sa H k h v k e i ; ZV d k sa d sf y ; sl g t n ' k Zu h ; c u k f n ; k x ; k g SA y d M +h d sb u x sV k sa d k sn s[ k d j ] f t u d k s y sd j g qb Z c g l d s d k j . k b aX y SaM d h l al n f g y x ; h F k h A ; g i g y k e k Sd k F k k t c f d ? r F ; k sa d k su t j v an k t d j i aF k f u j i s{ k r k d sj k L r si j p y u k g e k j h f u ; f r r ; g k sx ; k F k k A

c g l f t l l sl SD ; qf j t e c u x ; h f u ; f r ?
f c zf V ' k H k k j r d s x o u Zj t u j y y k M Z b f y x c F k Zd s} k j k l k se u k F k e f U n j d sn j o k t s x t u h d h e f L t n l sy sv k u sl E c U / k h v k n s' k

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d k f u . k Z; d k s y su s d s n t Zu H k j l s v f / k d e k Sd s v k ; s] f d U r q d H k h H k h c k r v k x s u g h a c < +h A v k t k n h d s c k n l j n k j c Y y H k H k k b Z i V sy u s t c l k se u k F k e f U n j d s f u e k Z. k d k f u . k Z; y sd j 1 2 u o E c j 1 9 4 7 d k st c v k n s' k t k j h f d ; k r k sd sU h ; e f = e aM y d sv y k o k n s' k e sa , d u ; s j k t u Sf r d H k wp k y d h f L F k r c u x ; h F k h A e g k R e k x k a/ k h H k h f u e k Z. k d s Q Sl y sl sl g e r g k sx ; s] f d U r qb r u k t : j d g k f d l j d k j h [ k t k u s l s b l f u e k Z. k i j d k sb Z [ k p Z u g h a f d ; k t k u k p k f g ; sA d qN g h f n u k sa d sc k n i g y sx k a/ k h t h d h g R ; k d j n h x ; h c k n e sa l j n k j H k h L o x Zo k l h g k s x ; s Q y L o : i e f U n j d st h . k k sZ k j d h ; k st u k d k s v Q x k f u L r k u d sv e h j ] c k n ' k k g g c h c qY y k [ k k u v k x j k ; k = k i j ] m U g k sau sv i u sn s' k l s v d sy sd s, e e qa' k h d k si wj k d j o k u k i M +k F k k ] t k V l Sf u d k sa d s} k j k m [ k k M +y k ; sn j o k t k sa d k sH k h f d y sd k H k ze . k d j u sd sn k Sj k u n s[ k k F k k t k sf d i wo Z / k k u e a= h L o t o k g j y k y u sg : d se af = e aM y e sa [ k k | , o au k x f j d v k i wf r Ze a= h k sA e f U n j f u e k Z. k d s n k Sj e sa n j o k t s d k s u d k j r s g q, / k e Z f u j i s{ k r k d k s g h v k x s j [ k k e sa d k j Zo k g h d sn k Sj k u m [ k k M +d j o k i l y k ; k F x qt j k r y s t k ; s t k u s d k e k e y k H k h p y k t k r k j g k F k k A x ; k F k k A l e k j k sg i wo Zd f o t ; r h d d s: i f d U r q^ l SD ; wy f j T e * d sp y r sQ Sl y k u g h ag k s e sa y k ; sx ; sb u n j o k t k sa d k o k i l h i j j k L r s l aj f { k r , f r g k f l d l k { ; d k A e sa i M +u s o k y s x k ao k sa e sa J k H k k o d s l k F k l L o k x r f d ; k x ; k F k k A c ax k y v k e h Z d h l k se u k F k e f U n j d sv k x j k f d y se sa j [ k s l k se u k F k d sv l y h n j o k t s ^ 1 & t k V c V k f y ; u * d s } k j k v i u s i M + k o L F k y g q, n j o k t s d k s y sd j t c r c f u " d " k Zg h u v k x j k f d y se sa v k L F k k v k Sj l E e k u d sl k F k x t u h l s y k ; s x ; s n j o k t s r k s v k x j k c g l p y r h j g r h g S] , sf r g k f l d y s[ k d k sa d s y k d j j [ k f n ; s r c l s ; s f d y s d s v f H k U u f d ? y se sa j [ k sg sr k sf Q j l k se u k F k e f U n j l s } k j k b l s t g k a n j o k t s d g k t k r k g S] o g h a H k k x d s: i e sa y x H k x 1 7 2 l k y l st g k ad s y st k ; sx ; sn j o k t sd g k x ; sA ; g ' u v c o k L r o e sa ; sd b Zn j o k t su g k sd j n k si Y y k sa r g k a j [ k s g q, g SaA b u d s x t u h l s ; g k a r d v u qR r f j r u g h aj g k g S] ; g c k r v y x g Sf d o k y k e g t , d n j o k t k g SA d b Zy s[ k d b U g sa i g q a p u s v k S j x t u h l s l q Y r k u d h e t k j l s c ax k y v e h Z d h f e f y V h f g L V h d s v y k o k p k an h d k x sV d g r s g Sa t c f d v U ; d b Z u s m [ k k M +d j y k ; s t k u s d h t k u d k j h d k , d b l d k v U ; d k sb Zl k { ; f Q y g k y u g h ag SA p U n u d k n j o k t k c r k ; k g Sa] f d U r qo k L r o e sa c k sM Zy x k g qv k g s f d U r q' k k ; n g h m l s i < +u s p h M + d h y d M +h d k e t c wr p k S[ k V ; qD r p aM +h x < e sa j g u so k y sf c zx sf M ; j d s, l d h t : j r H k z e . k d j u s v k u s o k y k s a e s a , d v k d " k Zd u D d k ' k hv k Sj f M t k ; u o k y k d a x ( f j V k ; M Z ) d k d g u k g S f d L o . k Z e f U n j f r ' k r d h i M +r h g k sA n j o k t k g SA n j o k t s d h ap k b Z 1 6 5 0 Q qV d h n ' k Zu h M ; k s< +h d sn j o k t so g h g Sf t U g sa f d r F k k 1 3 5 Q qV p k SM k g S] v k x j k d s e k e y k sa x t u h d h l s u k l k s e u k F k e f U n j l s y w V y s m i ; qD r L F k y d k s e sa [ k k l # f p j [ k u s o k y s , , l v k b Z d s x ; h F k h v k Sj 1 8 4 2 & 4 3 e sa c ax k y u sf V o e g k f u n s' k d l j t k W e k ' k Zy d s} k j k d s} k j k L F k k u k U r f j r g k su sd k b ar t k j b U Q saV h v i u s v Q x k f u L r k u d s v f H k ; k u e sa x sV k sa d s l E c U / k e sa v af r e c k j f o p k j f o e " k Z d e k a M j L V s l h d s u s r ` R o e s a x t u h d s e d c j s d l h H k h H k k j r h ; E ; wf t ; e d s f y ; s d j f u " d " k Zf u d k y k x ; k f d x t u h d h e t k j f l s m [ k k M + y k ; h F k h A ; s x s V i g y s Q h j k s t i q j s' k d h e r h n ' k Z l k f c r g k s l d u s o k y s b u l s m [ k k M + d j y k ; s x ; s b u n j o k t k sa d k o i g qap s f Q j o g k a l s v e `r l j y s t k ; s x ; sA n j o k t k s a d k s m i ; q D r L F k k u i j y s t k ; s t k u s l k se u k F k l s y s t k ; s x ; s n j o k t k sa d s : i e sa H k y s g h L o h d k j u k l k { ; i j d u g k s] b l d s c k o t wn ; s e g R o i w. k Z g Sa] v k Sj b u d k s i qj k r R o l o sZ{ k . k d h l ai R f r d s: i e sa l qj { k k d sl k F k j [ k k t k u k p k f g ; sA l k Sl k y l si qj k u sg k su sl s n s' k d sd k u wu d sr g r v c ; sl aj f { k r d y k l k { ; g SaA ; g h u g h al k se u k F k d se f U n j l st qM +h m u f d o n f U r ; k sa d k H k h ; st h o ar l k { ; g Sa t k s f d v c H k k j r h ; b f r g k l d k f g L l k c u p qd h g SaA

v k e h Z; wf u V d k b f r g k l x o k g
^ b ZL V b af M ; u v k e h Z* d s v k f / k d k f j d b f r g k l d s v u ql k j ; s n j o k t s l k se u k F k e f U n j d s e q[ ; } k j l s 1 0 2 4 b Ze sa l qY r k u e k sg E e n x t u h d s } k j k l k se u k F k d s e f U n j l s y wV d j y s t k ; s x ; s F k sA i g y s v Q x k u ; q d s n k Sj k u ^ 1 t k V c V k f y ; u ( v c 2 & e Sd su k b T M b U Q sU V h ) * d s} k j k b U g sa l qY r k u e k Sg E e n x t u h d h e t k j l s6 f l r E c j 1 8 4 2

15

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e g k j k t k ' k sj f l ag u s v ax zst Q k St d k s v i u s j k T ; l sg k sd j x qt j u sd k l e > k Sr k f d ; k F k k A b u x sV k sa d k sl k se u k F k e f U n j ' k k l u d k sf n ; s t k u s d h d k sf ' k ' k g qb Z F k h a f d U r q m l d s } k j k b U g sa v i f o = e k u d j v L o h d k j d j f n ; k x ; k A f t l i j b U g sL o . k Ze f U n j e sa y x k f n ; k x ; k A f c zx sf M ; j d ax f t U g k sau s b u x sV k sa d s e k e y se sa d k Q h ' k k s/ k i j d l wp u k v k sa d k l ax zg f d ; k g Sd k d g u k g Sf d j St h e saV y f g L V h e sa l c d qN l k Q r k Sj i j L i " V : i l sm Y y sf [ k r g S] t c f d v d k y h n y v k Sj L o . k Ze af U n j d k c a/ k u b l l s u k b R r Q k d h j [ k r k g S] f t l d k r d Zg Sf d b L r se k y e sa y k ; st k p qd sn j o k t k sa d k x q# } k j s e sa b L r se k y g k s g h u g h a l d r k A ; g h u g h av d k y h j k t u h f r K k sa e sa l sv f / k d k a' k e k u r sg Sa f d l k se u k F k d sv l y h n j o k t so sg h g Sa t k sv k x j k f d y se sa g h j [ k sg SaA

v Q x k f u L r k u d sc k n ' k k g u s[ k qn n s[ k sF k sn j o k t s
x t u h l s y k d j j [ k s x ; s l k se u k F k d s x qt j k r j k T ; d so sj k o y e sa l k se u k F k e f U n j d h f L F k f r n j o k t k sa d k s v f / k ? d k f j ? d r k Sj i j f t l f o n s' k h u sl c l si g y sn s[ k k r k so g v k Sj d k sb Z u g h a y qV sj s e k Sg E e n x t u hd s n s' k f c f V ' k i k f y Z; k e saV e sa g qb Zc g l v Q x k f u L r k u d s c k n ' k k g g c h c qY y k [ k k u g h c f V ' ki k f y Z; k e s aV e sa g qb Z c g l d k s i wj kv f o d y i < +kt kl d r kg SA L o ; a F k sA m u d s v k x j k v k x e u i j j k W; yf l SY ; wV d h j L e d s c k n f d y s d k H k ze . k (http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/macaulay/txt_comm ons_somnauth_1843-html) l k F kg hb l s i < +u s d s f y , i ; kf D y d d j sA d k ; Z e F k k ] b l h n k Sj k u m U g sa x t u h l sy k ; s e q[ k v a' k i k B d k sa d h l qf o / k k d sf y , ; g k af n ; k x ; sb l x sV d k sf n [ k k d j i wj k o `R r k ar c r k ; k www.adfagra.org/the-gates-of-somnauth/ k j g k g SA x ; k A v e h j [ k q' k g q, ; k f Q j u k j k t b l d k t r k sm Y y s[ k v c d g h au g h ag S] f d U r qm l l e ; e k Sd s i j e k St wn f g U n w j k t k v k sa d s p sg j k sa i j t : j m l l e ; j k Su d F k h A v e h j d s l k F k e k St wn , M h l h u sx sV d h Q k sV q, sa v o ' ; y h F k h aA f t l d Se j s l s Q k sV q, sa y h x ; h F k h a o g L o ; a e g k j k u h f o D V k sf j ; k d s } k j k m U g sa H k saV f d ; k A SPEECH DELIVERED IN THE HOUSE OF x ; k F k k A ; g o g d k y F k k t c f d i g y sv k Sj COMMONS ON THE 9th OF MARCH 1843 n wl j s v Q x k u ; q d s c k n v ax zst l R r k d s l k F k v Q x k f u L r k u d sl E c U / k k sa e sa l q/ k k j g qv k On the ninth of March 1843, Mr Vernon Smith, Member for F k k v k Sj m l s v i u h f o n s' k u h f r l ac af / k r Northampton, made the following motion: Q Sl y sy su sd k v f / k d k j g k f l y g k sp qd k F k k A ; g c k r v y x g Sf d , d n ' k d d sg h H k h r j "That this House, having regard to the high and important v e h j d h g R ; k g k s x ; h v k Sj r h l j s v Q x k u functions of the Governor General of India, the mixed ; q d h H k wf e d k c u x ; h A f l f o y v k Sj character of the native population, and the recent measures of f e f y V h l so k v k sa d s v / ; { k d s : i e sa m u d k the Court of Directors for discontinuing any seeming sanction L o k x r e st o k u d s: i e sa d j u so k y k sa e sa y k M Z to idolatry in India, is of opinion that the conduct of Lord d Sp u j v k Sj j k ; y v k V Zy j hd s d Sf I V u t su d h al F k sA l aH k o r % r c r d v k x j k e sa V e Ellenborough in issuing the General Orders of the sixteenth of November 1842, and in addressing the letter of the same date V e v k Sj c f X ? k ; k sa d k o h v k b Zi h n k Sj sd sf y ; s p y u F k k ] t c f d v e h j d sf y ; se k sV j d k j to all the chiefs, princes, and people of India, respecting the d k [ k k l r k Sj l sb ar t k e f d ; k x ; k F k k A b lrestoration of the gates of a temple to Somnauth, is unwise, d k j e k sV j x k M +h i j p < +d j f d y k n s[ k u s indecorous, and reprehensible." i g qap u so k y si g y sf o n s' k h j k " V v / ; { k e k u st k l d r sg SaA 1 5 t u o j h 1 9 0 7 d k sn k sf n u d sb l Mr Emerson Tennent, Secretary of the Board of Control, opposed the motion. In reply to him the following Speech was n k Sj s e sa y k M Z d Sp u j d s v y k o k m u d s l k F k l g ; k sx h e st o k u d s : i e sa t u j y l j , made. x zsl y h ] l j g Su j he Sd e k sg u ] e g k j k t k The motion was rejected by 242 votes to 157. X o k f y ; j l f g r d b Zf g U n wj k t k ' k k f e y F k sA

"The Gates of Somnauth"

16

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h U k k j k ; . k l g l qe u M k Wj k e ' k ad j d B sf j ; k J J h e g k j k t l g / k u x j

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1 6 o h ay k sd l H k k d sv k x k e h p qu k o d sn `f " V x r l k al n R ; k f ' k ; k sa l s x q. k o k k i w. k Z i s; t y d h m i y C / k r r k d s f y , d sU l j d k j f u E u e k ax sf t u i j l k al n R ; k ' k h v i u k f r c r k L i " V d j sa& f o ' k s" k ; k st u k ; sa v k x j k d sf y , c u k ; sa ; e qu k i j v i L V h e o M k m u L V h e e sa c Sj k t g k s U ; k f ; d O ; o L F k k ; e qu k d sf d u k j sf L F k r j so k b U l e sa i k u h d k sL V k sj f d ; k t k ; sA d sU l j d k j } k j k 2 0 0 0 & 0 1 e sa Q k L V V Sd d k sV Zc u k ; h x ; h F k h aA i g y s; g i k ap l k y d sf y , c u k b Zx b ZF k h f d U r qc k n e sa b U g sa v x y si k ap v k x j k d sl H k h u k y k sa d k sd d j SB k k st sD V d k sv k / k k j e k u d j l k y k sa d sf y , c < +k f n ; k x ; k A 3 1 e k p Z2 0 1 1 r d d k e d j u sd sc k n ; s V h V e saV d j r sg q, l k Q i k u h ; e qu k e sa f e y k ; k t k , A v n k y r sa l e k I r d j n h x ; h g SaA d sa } k j k b u i ; ZV u f o d k l v n k y r k sa i j d qy g e v k x j k v k u so k y si ; ZV d k sa e sa d b Zx qu sd k b t k Q k p k g r sg SaA r ; 8 7 0 d j k sM +# i ; se sa l s g S f o d k l f e d g h L F k k b Z g k s r k g S A v k x j k v k u s o k y k g j i ; Z V d l c l sT ; k n k [ k p Z1 3 6 k x j k d h L e `f r ; k sa d k s; k n x k j i y d s: i e sa l at k sd j j [ k sA d j k sM + # i ; s m k jv n s' k e sa f d ; k x ; k A k t V wf j T e M o y i e sU V v k WF k k Wf j V h n s' ke sa d qy 2 4 2r Q k L V V Sd d k sV Z d s d sU l j d k j } k j k v k x j k e sa i ; ZV u d k sc < +k o k n su sd sf y , , o a x B u d h ? k k s" k . k k d h l e f U o r ; k l g sr qr k t V wf j T e M o y i e sU V v k WF k k Wf j V h d k x B u f d ; k x b Z F k h ] m u e sa l s t k ; sA d k ; Z' k h y 1 5 3 v n k y r k sa g e l c l si g y sv k x j k v k u so k y si ; ZV d k sa d h l a[ ; k , d d j k sM + l sd qy 4 ] 1 1 ] 6 5 8 d sl f u i V k , x , A g e k j h v i s{ k k g Sf d & d k si k j d j t k u k g e k j k i g y k y { ; g SA ; g ' k h ? k zr H k h l aH k o g St c v k x j k e sa v ar j k Z" V h ; L r j d k g o k b Zv k c u sA v k x j k o n s' k d s v U ; f t y k sa d s f y , Q k L V V Sd d k sV Z c u k ; h t k ; sa f t l d h Q f . M ax d sU l j d k j } k j k d h t k ; sA r k t e g y o v U ; / k j k sg j sa m P p U ; k ; k y ; b y k g k c k n e sa U ; k ; k / k h ' k k sa d s2 0 0 L o h r i n k sa r k t e g y o v U ; / k j k sg j k sa i j ' k h ? k zr k ' k h ? k b Z& f V d f V ax y k x w d sf o : d qy y x H k x 8 0 t t g h d k ; Zj r j g r sg Sa D ; k saf d u d k sV Z g k sA : e g Sa v k Sj u l qf o / k k ; saA d sU l j d k j b l l E c U / k e sa i g y d j s v k Sj c t V L o h r d j sA r k t e g y d k sd sa e k u d j , d f d y k se h V j d sn k ; j se sa f o ' k s" k l Q k b ZO ; o L F k k g k sA v k x j k e sa b y k g k c k n m P p U ; k ; k y ; d h l f d ZV c Sap d h L F k k i u k r qj U r d j n h t k ; s f t l d s f y , d sU l j d k j L i s' k y , , l v k b Zl q h e d k sV Ze sa e t c wr i Sj k sd k j h d j j k f = n ' k Zu e sa Q f . M x d j sA T ; k n k l g wf y ; r sa y sA b l l s j k f = n ' k Zu v k Sj j k f = B g j k o n k su k sa c < +sx k A i s; t y i ; ZV d k sa d h l qf o / k k d sf y , r k t e g y d si f ' p e h x sV d si k l H k wx H k Zt y L r j f u j U r j f x j j g k g Sv k Sj i s; t y d h f u j U r j d e h Q sf l f y V s' k u l saV j [ k qy sA g k sj g h g SA H k wx H k Zt y f o H k k x d sl u 2 0 0 9 d sv k ad M +k sa d sv k / k k j i j k t e g y v k Sj v k x j k f d y s d s e / ; g Sf j V st d k Wf j M k sj i j v k x j k d s1 5 C y k Wd k sa e sa l sN g ( 0 6 ) C y k Wd v f r n k sf g r ? k k sf " k r f d ; sx , r d l h m i ; q L F k k u i j ^ r k t O ; wi k Wb aV * f o d f l r g k sA F k sA 2 0 1 1 d s v k ad M +k sa d s v k / k k j i j v k x j k d s n l ( 1 0 ) C y k Wd v f r f n k sf g r ? k k sf " k r g k sl d r sg SaA ; f n 2 0 1 4 d sv k ad M +k sa d k sv k / k k j e k u sr k s v k x j kf d y k ; g f L F k f r v k Sj c g qr l su k d s d C t s l s T ; k n k c n r j g SA e q g k sd j v r % g e k j h v i s{ k k g S , , l v k b Zd k sf e y sA f d v d c j v k Sj H k wx H k Z t y , sR e k n q k Sy kd s d s l j a{ k . k v k Sj e d c j s ' k h ? k z l ao / k Zu d s f y , f o ' o n k ; / k j k sg j H k k o hd k u wu ? k k sf " k r g k saA c u sA

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g k su k p k f g , A b l l s v k x j k d h y x H k x l k r g t k j b d k b Z; k sa d k s j k g r f e y sx h A v k x j k e sa 4 5 0 d k sY M L V k sj st g SaA n s' k e sa f d l h , d f t y se sa ' k k ; n ; g l c l sc M +h l a[ ; k g SA b l d so k c t wn ; g k ad k sY M p su d k v H k k o g SA ; f n d k sY M p su c u t k , r k s d j k sM +k sa # i ; s d h l C t h c c k Zn g k su sl sc p t k , A v k x j k e sa f c t y h d h e k ax v k Sj t : j r d sv ar j d k s/ ; k u e sa v k x j k ; e qu k f d u k j sd se qx y d k y h u c k x i qu q# T t h o u d s j [ k r s g q, d k sY M L V k sj st d k s l k sy j r d u h d l s p y k u s d s f y , f y , 2 5 & 2 6 v D V wc j 2 0 1 3 d k s v k x j k f o d k l k f / k d j . k v k Sj n s' k l j d k j v u qn k u ? k k sf " k r d j sA H k k j r h ; i qj k r R o l o sZ{ k . k d sl k St U ; l sf o n s' k h f o ' k s" k K k sa d sl k F k v k x j k e sa i k sV sV k sc k sM Zv k Sj l saV j v k WQ , D l y sal c u u k r ; g S] f o p k j e aF k u g qv k A v c b l i j d k ; Zo k g h g k sA y sf d u c u k u g h aA c k sM Zv k Sj l saV j c u sA ; g v k y wd s c h t k sa v k Sj Q r sg i qj l h d j h e sa v k Wu l k b V E ; wf t ; e c u sA b l d h L o h f r m R i k n k sa n k su k sa i j ' k k s/ k d j m | k sx d k sr d u h d e qg S ; k d j k , A i g y sg h g k sp qd h g SA f ' k { k k , o aL o k L F ; Q r sg i qj l h d j h v k Sj f l d U n j k e sa i f C y d k b o sV i k V Zu j f ' k i ( i h i h i h ) v k / k k j i j y k b V , aM l k m aM d k d k ; Z e p y k ; k t k , A v k x j kd kj k t k i h i h i h v k / k k j i j ; g y x k r k j p y i k , x k A v U ; F k k f d l h c y c ar f l g d k y st f " k r d u h f d [ k j k c h d su k e i j c an j g sx k A f o ' o f o | k y ; c u sA v k x j k e sa o " k Zi ; aZr p y u so k y k u ; k f ' k Y i x zk e f o d f l r g k su k v k x j k d k , l , u p k f g , A f n Y y h g k V b l d k t h r k & t k x r k m n k g j . k g SA e sf M d y d k y st i h t h v k b Z c u s A v k x j k e sa , sl sl k aL f r d L F k y f o d f l r g k su sp k f g , ] f t u d s i k ' k Z~o e sa r k t e g y g k sA n qf u ; k H k j e sa , sl sL F k y i j g q, d k ; Z e v k x j kf o ' o f o | k y ; l sv i u sv k i c zk af M ax g k sr h g SA l s y x H k x l k r l k S e g k f o | k y ; l a c a / k g S a A r k t u s' k u y i k d Z d h e k ax i qj k u h g SA v k x j k o k f l ; k sa d k s c sg r j d k ; Zl ai k n u d sf y , b l d h n j d k j d sa l j d k j l sg SA e F k qj k ; k f Q j k st k c k n e sa r k t e g y d su t n h d e Y V h y sc y i k f d aZx d h v k o ' ; d r k g SA n wl j s f o ' o f o | k y ; d h b l l sd e t x g e sa T ; k n k { k e r k m i y C / k g k sl d sx h A b l si h i h i h t : j r g SA v k / k k j i j H k h y k x wf d ; k t k l d r k g SA v k x j ke sa g k sE ; k si SF k h v k x j k e sa r k t e g y d sn h n k j d h g l j r f y , i g qap sv f r f F k ; k sa d kf o ' o f o | k y ; , o a d k L o k x r c sg r j v k Sj o SK k f u d r j h d s l s g k su k p k f g , ] f t l l s v L i r k y c u sA b l e sa M k Wj k / k s ' ; k e i k j h d d k l y k g & l g ; k sx m U g sa f d l h d k j d h v l qf o / k k u g k sA o g v i u sn s' k e sa r k t d h f y ; k t k l d r k g SA r k j h Q k sa d sd ' k h n sd k < +saA j sy o s v k x j k t Sl si ; ZV u u x f j ; k sa d sl e x zf o d k l d sf y , d sU l j d k j v y x l s ; k st u k c u k ; sa t Sl s f d t o k g j y k y u sg : v k x j k l sH k j r i qj n wl j k j sy o sV Sd f c N s] f t l l sv i v k Sj v j o u f j u wv y f e ' k u d sv ar x Zr 6 4 ' k g j k sa d sf y , ; k st u k c u k b Z M k m u d h x k f M ; k a f c u k d k sb Z b ar t k j f d , v k l k u h l s v k & t k x ; h F k h A l d saA v k x j k d k si ; ZV u n `f " V l sd sU l j d k j d k sL i s' k y L V sV l e F k qj k l s X o k f y ; j r d o k ; k v k x j k d SaV , d v k Sj j sy o s n su h p k f g , D ; k saf d f n Y y h d sv f r f j f d l h H k h v U ; ' k g j d s y k b u ' k h ? k zf c N sA v U n j r h u f o ' o n k ; L e k j d (World Heritage Monuments) v k x j k e sa t k s j sy o s V Sd m i y C / k g S m l i j y k sd y V su u g h g SA p y k ; h t k ; s t k s V waM y k l s e F k qj k , o a n wl j k V waM y k l s H k j r i qj i ; ZV u l s l ac af / k r v i j k / k k sa d k s j k sd u s , o a v i j k f / k ; k sa d k s ( j k t L F k k u ) r d g k sA o / k Zj k t u d e sV h } k j k o " k Z1 9 9 0 d sv k l i k l R o f j r : i l s n f . M r d j u s d s f y , L i s' k y d k u wu (Special V waM y k l s Q r sg i qj l h d j h r d y k sd y V su p y k ; h t k u s d h Criminal Law) c u k u k p k f g , D ; k saf d i ; ZV d x o k g h n su sd sf y , l aL r qf r d h x ; h F k h A , sl k g k su sl se F k qj k l sH k j r i qj ] v y o j o k y k v i u sn s' k l su g h v k l d r k g SA : V f n Y y h & V waM y k & d k u i qj : V l sl h / k k f e y t k , x k A ; g f y ad k sx k sa d k sv u k o ' ; d f n Y y h v k u s& t k u sl sc p k , x k A b l l s; k f = ; k sa v k x j k e sa i ; ZV u @ g k sV y c a/ k u l aL F k k u d h L F k k i u k d sa y d k sd k Q h l e ; v k Sj f d j k ; sd s: i e sa / k u d h c p r g k sx h A l j d k j d j sA

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v k x j k e sa v k b ZV h f l V h v k d k j y sA ' k k L = h i qj e e sa c u u so k y s l k W V o s; j i k d Zd Sf l ay g k su sl si g y s; e qu k , D l sl o si j t e h u r y k ' k h t k u h p k f g , A v c H k h ' k h ? k z? k k s" k . k k j k g r n sl d r h g SA v k x j k n s' k d s6 5 Q h l n h v k Sj f u ; k Zr d s2 7 Q h l n h t wr s v k Sj p e M +s d sd k j k sc k j d k f g L l sn k j g SA ; g k ay sn j i k d Z' k h ? k z' k q:

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 j k t k e aM h j sy o sL V s' k u l sc M +k , o ac sg r j f c Y y k sp i qj k L V s' k u i ; k Zo j . k h ; ; k st u k ; sa d k f o d k l d j u sd h ? k k s" k . k k , o aj k f ' k v o e q g k sA ( ' k g j e sa V Sf Q d d at s' k u d k sd e d j u sd sf y , v k x j k Q k sV Zd s r k t g sf j V st d k Wf j M k sj l k b V i j l q h e d k sV Z d s Q j o j h L F k k u i j b Zn x k g L V s' k u d k f o d k l f d ; k x ; k g SA j k t k e aM h i j 2 0 0 6 d s v k n s' kd s e af n j d sp y r sf o L r k j l aH k o u g h ag SA f c Y y k sp i qj k v k b Z, l c h V h d s v u ql k j g f j ; k y h u t n h d g SA ; g j sy o sd h u h f r d sv u q: i g SA b l d k L r k o i wo Z f o d f l r d h t k ; sA e sa j g sf t y k f / k d k j h J h e qd s' k e sJ k e u sv x zl k f j r f d ; k F k k A v k t V h V h t sM d h l H k h ; g j sy o sc k sM Zd h Q k b y k sa e sa / k wy [ k k j g k g S) ; k st u k v k sa d k s t Y n l s t k i k u d h e n n l s p y u s o k y h c qy sV V Su d k d k e r st h t Y n d sU l j d k j l s i wj k g k s] b l l s l e ; d h c p r l s T ; k n k i ; ZV d v k d f " k Zr L o h r d j sv k Sj Q . M g k sax sA b l d k L r k f o r : V f n Y y h & v k x j k ( V waM y k ) & y [ k u & n sA o k j k . k l h & i V u k g SA ; g 4 5 f e u V e sa f n Y y h l sv k x j k ( V waM y k ) v k x j kd s d k l Q j i wj k d j sx h A , u o k ; j e sU V e su st e sU V v k x j k l sx qt j u so k y h l H k h j k t / k k u h V su k sa d k v k x j k d SaV I y k u d k sy k x wf d ; k t k ; s j sy o sL V s' k u i j B g j k o ? k k sf " k r g k sA v k Sj l H k h d k j d s n w" k . k k sa d k sf u ; f U = r f d ; k t k ; sA v k x j k d SaV j sy o sL V s' k u d k r d u h f d l q/ k k j g k s] f t l l sd SaV e k l o k sZP p v n k y r } k j k x f B r ^ r k t f V i sf t ; e t k su * d s L V s' k u t k u so k y h x k f M ; k sa d k sv k V j i j d k Q h n sj c so t g u f o d k l d sf y , x f B r ^ e k Wu h V f j ax d e sV h * d k sT ; k n k l ' k c u k u s [ k M +k g k su k i M +sA d h v k o ' ; d r k g SA c k sn y k & f l d U n j k j sy o sv k so j f c zt d k r st h l sf u e k Z. k g k sA ; e qu k d k i qu Zt h o u # b Zd h e aM h j sy o sQ k V d i j j sy o sv k so j f c zt d k f u e k Z. k d sU l j d k j ; e qu k d s i qu Zt h o u d s f y , f o ' k s" k ; k st u k ' k h ? k z' k q: g k sA c u k ; s c sy u x at e k y x k sn k e L V s' k u d h t x g O ; o l k ; f g r e sa ; k sx v k x j k e sa v g e n k c k n t Sl sl c j e r h u n h d se k WM y i j ; e qu k e sa y k b Zt k , A d k si qu Zt h f o r f d ; k t k ; f t l l sl H k h f x j u so k y su k y sj k sd st k l d sa v k Sj ; e qu k e sa ' k q V Sf Q d O ; o L F k k t y l af p r j [ k k t k e k l j sf i M l d sA V k al i k sV s' k u d s f y , ; e qu k d k f u ; f e r O ; o L F k k d h t k ; s r k f d [ k u u g k s r k f d ; e q u k c < +r s g q, V sf Q d d h x g j h g k s l d s v k S j l e L ; k l s e qf f e y x zk m . M o k V j f j p k t Zg k s l d sA l d sA i ; k Zo j . kf e = ; e qu ke sa f x j u s f u t hc l k sa d k s o k y s l k j s u k y s j k s d s k F k f e d r kd s v k / k k j t k ; s v k S j b l d s f y , d sU h ; n w" k . k f u ; a= . k c k sM Z ( l h i h l h c h ) i j f u / k k Zf j r : V i j p y k u sd k si j f e V n saA e g R o i w. k ZH k wf e d k v n k d j sA

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d sU l j d k j } k j k u ; k H k wf e v f / k x zg . k d k u wu 2 0 1 3 e sa c u k ; k x ; k t k s 1 4 2 0 1 4 l s y k x w g k s x ; k f d U r q m l e sa v u sd k sa d f e ; k ag SaA y S. M i wf y ax d k su ; sd k u wu d k f g L l k c u k ; k t k ; sA v k i l h l e > k Sr sd sv k / k k j i j e qv k o t k f u / k k Zj . k d s k f o / k k u g k saA

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