Reg. No.

Question Paper Code :

66237

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2011. Sixth Semester

Mechanical Engineering

ME 2351 GAS DYNAMICS AND JET PROPULSION (Regulation 2008)

(Common to PTME 2351 Gas Dynamics and Jet Propulsion for B.E. (PartTime) Fifth Semester Mechanical Engineering Regulation 2009) Time : Three hours Answer ALL questions.

PART A (10 2 = 20 marks) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Write the energy and momentum equation for the compressible fluid flows. How is the Mach cone geometry related to the Mach Number? List the assumptions required for analysing Rayleigh Flow. What is meant by friction factor in Fanno flow? Is the flow through Shock waves reversible or irreversible? Why?

Compare momentum thrust with pressure thrust. Express propulsive efficiency in terms of speed ratio. Can speed ratio be greater than one? Why? What are the unique features of rocket engines in comparison to Air Breathing Engines? What is mass ratio? How does it affect rocket velocity gain?

9.

10.

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Write the Prandtl Meyer relation and identify its application.

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Use of Gas Tables is permitted.

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Maximum : 100 marks

PART B (5 16 = 80 marks) 11. (a) (i) From the fundamental energy equation for compressible fluid flows, deduce the energy equation in terms of C (fluid velocity) and a (sound velocity) and hence label various flow regimes on the C a diagram. (6) If atmospheric air relatively approaches the aircraft at 175 m/s

(ii)

velocity, 0.54 bar pressure, 40C temperature, determine the area ratio for the diffuser to reduce its Mach number to 0.2 before entering the compressor. Also calculate the pressure, temperature and mass flow rate per unit area. (4 + 6) Or (b) (i) (ii)

Derive the expression for the differential change in area in terms of differential change in pressure in an isentropic flow. (6)

12.

(a)

(i) (ii)

Compare Fanno flow with Rayleigh Flow with suitable figures. (6) Consider one-dimensional flow in a constant area duct of 0.35 m2 with heat supply through wall. Calculate the quantity of heat transfer per kg of air (at pressure = 90 kPa and Temperature = 290 K) to increase its Mach number from 0.25 to 0.75. Also calculate its final pressure, temperature, density and mass flow rate. (10)

(b)

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(i) (ii)

Explain the various methods, known to you, for changing the properties of gas with their brief merits and demerits. (6) A pipe receives air at 3 bar pressure and 32C temperature and discharges 10.23 kg/s of air at the exit with the Mach number of 0.65. The coefficient of friction of the pipe is 0.005. If the Mach number at entry is 0.2, determine the diameter and length of the pipe, pressure and temperature at the exit and stagnation pressure loss.

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Or

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An isentropic nozzle expands Hydrogen gas at 10 bar and 282 K to 1 bar in a nozzle with 0.5 m2 of throat area. Calculate the final pressure, temperature, velocity and Mach Number. Suggest a suitable shape of the nozzle for this case. (10)

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(10)

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13.

(a)

(i)

Derive the RankineHugoniot expression for the normal shock wave and hence deduce the maximum possible density ratio for air across the normal shock wave. (6) A supersonic nozzle is delivering air as supersonic parallel jet at 0.1 bar pressure at the exit. Due to flow resistance a normal shock wave is encountered at the exit. The downstream flow after normal shock wave is found to have Mach number 0.7011. Calculate the percentage change in Mach Number, and pressure across the shock wave. Also calculate the reservoir pressure and exit to throat area ratio required to operate the nozzle. (10) Or

(ii)

(b)

(i)

Explain the change in flow properties of supersonic flow through an oblique shockwave, with a suitable velocity diagram. (6)

(ii)

If air at 1 bar and 310 K, moving at M = 3, encounters a flow deflection of 10, calculate the percentage change in Mach number and pressure and wave angle. If subsequent second flow deflection also brings about the same percentage change in pressure, find that flow deflection angle. Explain the working principle of turbofan engine with a neat sketch. (6)

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(10) (10)

14.

(a)

(i) (ii)

A turbojet engine, on the test bed, receives air at 1 bar and 300 K and it is compressed through a compression ratio of 8, with an isentropic efficiency of 85%. Fuel with heating value of 40 MJ/kg is used to raise the temperature to 1100 K before entering the turbine with isentropic efficiency of 95%. The mechanical transmission efficiency is 95%. The expansion in the nozzle is complete. Determine the jet velocity, specific impulse and specific fuel consumption.

(b)

(i)

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(ii)

Explain the working principle of Ramjet engine with a neat sketch. (6)

A turbojet engine, flying at an altitude, receives air at 0.6 bar and 255 K and it is compressed through a compression ratio of 8, with an isentropic efficiency of 80%. Fuel with heating value of 40 MJ/kg is used to raise the temperature to 1200 K before entering the turbine with isentropic efficiency of 95%. The mechanical transmission efficiency is 97%. A convergent nozzle with an exit area of 0.5 m2 is used to produce a gas jet. Determine the jet velocity, thrust, and specific fuel consumption. (10)

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Or 3

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66237

15.

(a)

(i) (ii)

Explain the working of turbo-pump feeding system for the rocket with a neat sketch. If a rocket has to develop a specific impulse of 250 s, calculate the effective jet velocity. It the rocket to jet speed ratio is 0.75 and propellant flow rate is 100 kg/min, calculate the thrust power. If the overall efficiency is 20%, determine the required heating value for the propellant. Or

(8)

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66237

(8)

(b)

(i) (ii)

Explain the working of Multi-stage rocket with their merits and demerits. (8) Describe the importance of characteristic velocity. A weather satellite is to be launched at an altitude of 500 km above the earth surface. Determine the required orbital velocity and derive the equation used. (8)

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