Phase equilibrium and phase transformation

1) When the nickel is added to copper, at a temperature of about 10000C, a) Alloy is in liquid state b) Alloy has a solubility limit of 40 wt% Ni c) The alloy is in the FCC solid solution state up to 50 wt% Ni d) The alloy is in the FCC solid solution state for all compositions up to 100 wt% Ni ;ans 2) In the copper nickel alloy a) A eutectic point exists for 65 wt% Ni at 12200C b) There is no eutectic point; ans c) Solubility limit at 10000C is 60 wt% Ni d) The alloy is in solid state below 13000C for all compositions 3) The tie line is used for finding a) The solubility limit of the solute component of the alloy b) Melting point of the alloy c) Composition of the alloy in two phases in equilibrium; ans d) Proportion of the phases in the alloy 4) In the phase diagram, the curve above which the alloy is in liquid state for all compositions is called a) Liquid: ans b) c) d) 5) At the eutectic point in a binary alloy, the no. Of degrees of freedom is a) 0; ans b) c) d) 6) Iron carbon alloy is ferromagnetic at room temperature a) For all compositions b) For compositions above 0.022 wt% of carbon c) For compositions below 0.022 wt% of carbon; ans d) For compositions above 6.7 wt% of carbon 7) In iron carbon alloy, there are ...... eutectic points a) 2; ans b) c) d) 8) Iron carbon alloy of composition between 0.008 wt% and 2.14 wt% of carbon above 10000C exists in........ structure and are classified as......... a) FCC, austenite; ans b)

c) d) 9) Iron carbon alloy of composition between 0.022 wt% and 6.70 wt% of carbon below 7270C exists in two phase form a) +Fe3C b) c) d) 10) The eutectic temperature of Pb-Sn binary alloy is a) 1830C b) c) d) 11) The maximum no. Of co existing in a C-component system is a) C-P+2 b) P(C-1) c) F-C+2 d) C+2; ans 12) In a single component system, the maximum number of phases that can co exist in equilibrium is a) 2 b) 3; ans c) 4 d) 5 13) The degree of freedom when ice, water and water vapour co exist in equilibrium is a) 1 b) Triple pt c) 0; ans d) -1 14) The degrees of freedom when FCC iron and BCC iron co exist in equilibrium are a) 2 b) 1; ans c) 0 d) -1 15) The phase boundary between alpha and ( alpha+beta ) regions is called a) Liquidus b) Solidus c) Solvus; ans d) None of these 16) The reaction that yields two solid phases on cooling a single solid phase is called a) Eutectoid; ans b) Peritectoid c) Eutectic d) congruent

17) If one solid phase splits into two solid phases on heating, the reaction is a) Eutectic b) Peritectic c) Eutectoid d) Peritectoid; ans 18) The reaction that on heating one solid phase yields another solid phase plus one liquid phase is called a) Eutectic b) Peritectic; ans c) Eutectoid d) Peritectoid 19) If alpha of 82% B and liquid of 57% B are in equilibrium in an alloy of 73% B, the fraction of liquid is a) 0.36; ans b) 0.64 c) 36% B d) 0 20) The fraction of liquid with 57% B, which is in equilibrium with solid of 82% B, is 0.7, the overall composition is a) 0.3 b) 74.5% B c) 64.5% B; ans d) 25% B 21) In the eutectic phase diagram of Ag-Cu system, the solubility limit at 5000C of copper is 3% in the Ag rich phase and of Ag is 2% in the Cu rich phase. In sterling silver (925% Ag 7.5% Cu), the percent of copper in the Ag rich phase at 5000C is a) 95.26 b) 4.74 c) 3; ans d) 98 22) The eutectic mixture in a Pb-Sn solder alloy should be 90%. At theeutectic temperature, alpha of 19% Sn, liquid of 62% Sn and beta of 97% Sn are in equilibrium. The possible compositions of the solder alloy are a) 57.7% Sn; ans b) 61% Sn c) 64.5% Sn d) 66.3% Sn 23) The fraction of pearlite in a 0.55% C steel is a) 0.55 b) 0.31 c) 0.69; ans d) 0 24) At 300C, hot chocolate (liquid) 35% chocolate and 65% vanilla transforms to a chocolate ripple (eutectic mixture of vanilla containing 10% chocolate and chocolate

containing 5% vanilla). Just below 300C, the fraction of chocolate ripple in a composition with 45% chocolate is a) 0.17 b) 0.83; ans c) 0.41 d) 0.59 25) Zone refining will be more efficient if the ratio of impurity in the solid to that in liquid is a) 0.01; ans b) 0.1 c) 0.4 d) -1 26) For a spherical particle of radius r, the volume to surface area ratio is a) 3/r b) r/3; ans c) 3r d) r/3 27) if the interfacial energy increases by 10%, the homogeneous nucleation barrier for spherical particle increases by (in %) a) 10 b) 21 c) 33; ans d) 100 28) If the nucleation barrier at 100C of super cooling is 10-17 J, at 200C of super cooling, it is (in J) a) 2 x 10-17 b) 4 x 10-17 c) 2.5 x 10-18 ; ans d) 5 x 10-18 29) If the product phase completely wets a nucleating agent, the nucleation barrier as a fraction of homogeneous barrier is a) 1 b) 0.5 c) 0.25 d) 0; ans 30) If the product phase does not wet all the parent phase, the contact angle between the two phases is ( in degrees) a) 0 b) 45 c) 90 d) 180; ans 31) When the contact angle is 600, the heterogeneous nucleation barrier expressed as a fraction of homogeneous barrier is a) 0.5

b) 0.25 c) 0.125 d) None of these; ans 32) As compared to the nucleation rate maximum, the growth rate maximum is at a) A higher temperature; ans b) A lower temperature c) The same temperature d) The temperature of maximum transformation rate 33) The hardness of martensite in a steel is function of a) C content; ans b) Cooling rate c) Ni content d) Nose location 34) Martensitic transformations a) Are diffusion controlled b) Are shear processes; ans c) Yield two products of different compositions d) None of these 35) The c/a ratio of martensite depends on the concentration of a) Ni b) Mn c) C; ans d) N 36) Bainite has a) The same morphology as austenite b) A non lamellar morphology of ferrite and cementite; ans c) The coarsest morphology among all the products from austenite d) None of these 37) During over ageing, hardness a) Decreases; ans b) Increases c) Remain constant d) Increases abruptly 38) Over ageing refers to a) Ageing above room temperature b) Ultrafine precipitate size c) Long ageing times d) Coarsening of precipitate particles; ans 39) The maximum temperature up to which tungsten ( m.p. = 34100C) can be cold worked is approximately ( in 0C) a) 0 b) 27 c) 1200; ans d) 2740

40) The free energy decreases during recrystallization comes mainly from a) Excess point defects b) Excess dislocations; ans c) Grain boundaries d) Lower energy of new crystal structure 41) Lead melts at 3270C. It is hot rolled at ( in 0C) a) -273 b) -200 c) Room temperature; ans d) None of these 42) The recrystallization rate increases with a) Increasing amount of cold work; ans b) Higher working temperature c) Higher annealing temperature; ans d) Decreasing initial grain size ; ans 43) Grain growth occurs in the a) 0.2-0.3 Tm b) <0.4 Tm c) 0.4-1.0 Tm d) >Tm

Mechanical properties
1) High elastic modulus in materials arises from a) High strength of bonds; ans b) Weak bonds c) Shallow potential well d) None of these 2) As we go along a row of the periodic table, if the three dimensional notwork of primary bonds persists, the elastic modulus a) Increases; ans b) Decreases c) Remains constant d) Decreases sharply 3) As we go down a column of the periodic table, the elastic modulus a) Increases sharply b) Increases c) Decreases; ans d) Remains constant 4) The change in the Youngs modulus of ordinarily elastic materials between 0 K and melting point is a) 10-20% increase b) No change c) 10-20% decrease; ans

d) 80-90% decrease 5) Covalent and ionic solids are not suitable as structural components because a) They have weak bonds b) They are ductile c) They are brittle; ans d) They have high elastic moduli 6) During stretching of an ideal elastomer, its enthalpy a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remain constant; ans d) Decreases slowly 7) On heating an elastomer under tensile load, it shrinks a) To maximize the enthalpy b) To maximize the entropy; ans c) To avoid breaking d) None of these 8) On heating the rubber under the tensile force, it a) Shrinks; ans b) Expands c) Shows no change d) Expands rapidly 9) In BCC iron, residual carbon occupies the mid points of a) <100>; ans b) <110> c) <111> d) None of these 10) During he cyclic loading, hysteresis loss occurs due to anelastic deformation, when a) Time for stress reversal is large compared to relaxation time b) Time for stress reversal is small compared to relaxation time c) Time for stress reversal and relaxation time are about the same; ans d) None of these 11) The Voigt-Kelvin element is a a) Series combination of a spring and a dashpot b) Parallel combination of a spring and a dashpot; ans c) A four parameter model d) None of these 12) A linear combination of a Maxwell and Voigt-Kelvin element is a) One parameter model b) Two parameter model c) Three parameter model d) Four parameter model; ans 13) As compared to the engineering stress strain curve, the true stress strain curve is a) Above and to the left; ans b) Below and to the right

c) Crosses the engineering curve d) Parallel to the engineering curve 14) In a tensile test, the engineering stress corresponding to the maximum load is called a) Yield strength b) Tensile strength; ans c) None of these d) Upper yield stress 15) In a tensile test, necking starts at a) Lower yield stress b) Upper yield stress c) Ultimate tensile stress; ans d) Just before fracture 16) Super plastic materials have an index of strain rate sensitivity m in the range of a) 0 b) 0.-0.2 c) 0.4-0.9; ans d) 1.5-2 17) The critical resolved shear stress for a polycrystalline copper is a) /6 b) /88000 c) /110000 d) not defined; ans 18) The resolved shear stress for plastic deformation to start in an iron crystal is a) b) /6 c) /30 d) /4700; ans 19) crystals like diamond and silicon are brittle, because a) they contain no dislocations b) they are non crystalline c) the stress to move dislocations is high in them; ans d) they contain very few dislocations 20) copper is ductile, because a) it is a perfect crystal b) it contains very high density of dislocations c) it has glassy structure d) the stress to move a dislocation in it is low; ans 21) for copper, the yield stress y and the brittle fracture stress f are related as a) y>f b) y<f ; ans c) y>>f d) y=f 22) the length of the Frank-Read source operating after work hardening to double the initial yield stress is approximately

a) half; ans b) same as before c) double d) 4 times 23) The yield strength of an annealed copper crystal is 1 MPa. It increases to 9 MPa on cold working to a dislocation density of 2 x 1012 m-2. The value of the constant A in the equation describing the work hardening effect is a) 5.66 Nm-1 ; ans b) 5.66 Nm-2 c) 5.72 Nm-1 d) 3 x 10-13 Nm-2 24) The yield stress of 1 MNm-2 of an annealed copper crystal increase to 100 MNm-2 on cold working to a dislocation density of 1014 m-2. If cold working had been done to a dislocation density of 1012 m-2, the yield stress would be (in MNm-2) a) 109 b) 67 c) 10.9; ans d) No change 25) The yield stress of a copper crystal is 100 and 10 MNm-2, when cold worked to a dislocation density of 3 x 1014 and 2 x 1012 m-2, respectively. The yield stress of the softest crystal is (in MNm-2) a) 0 b) 2; ans c) 10 d) 3.33 26) The ASTM grain size number 7 corresponds to grain diameter of 0.03 mm, ASTM 4 corresponds to a) 0.24 mm b) 0.085mm; ans c) 0.011 mm d) 0.004 mm 27) A grain size measured wrongly at a magnification of 300 x gave an ASTM number of 2. The correct grain size number should be a) -1 b) 5.2; ans c) 6 d) 5 28) The mean grain diameter corresponding to ASTM number -0.5 is a) 5 mm b) 0.05 mm c) 0.43 mm; ans d) 0.30 mm 29) The ASTM grain size number of a material which has 28 grains per sq.in. at a magnification 75 x is about

a) 14 b) 7 c) 5; ans d) 4 30) A mild steel (k = 0.7 MNm-2) of 0.03 mm grain diameter is grain refined to 0.003 mm. The increase in the yield strength (MNm-2) will be about a) 275; ans b) -275 c) -0.00275 d) 801 31) The yield stresses of Fe-4%Sialloy at grain sizes of 0.015 and 0.045 mm are 214 and 147 MNm-2. The yield stress of a single crystal is (in MNm-2) a) 55.5; ans b) 120 c) 80 d) 360 32) The yield stress of both Au and Ag single crystals are 0.7 MPa. The yield stress of 50:50 solid solution is a) 0.7 MPa b) >0.7 MPa; ans c) <0.7 MPa d) 0 33) The radii of the copper, zinc and tin are 1.28, 1.31 and 1.51 respectively. As compared to the zinc, tin in copper will produce a strengthening effect that is a) Large; ans b) Small c) Very small d) Same 34) When the inter precipitate spacing increases from 200 to 2000 , the ratio of the new yield strength to the initial strength is a) 10 b) 1 c) 0.1; ans d) None of these 35) The most desirable method of increasing the yield strength of mild steel is a) Grain refinement; ans b) Cold working c) Solute additions d) Precipitation hardening 36) If the melting point of polythene is 1400C, it will not creep at a) Room temperature b) 00C c) -600C d) -1960C; ans

37) With melting point given in the brackets, which will creep significantly at 1800C a) Pb (3270C); ans b) Cu (10840C) c) W (34100C) d) None of these 38) TD ( thoria dispersed) nickel has adequate creep resistance up to 0.7 Tm because a) Thoria has a high melting point b) Thoria does not dissolve in nickel; ans c) Nickel has a high melting point d) Nickel gets work hardened during service 39) Among the following type of materials which one has the highest modulus of elasticity? a) Metals b) Ceramics; ans c) Polymers d) Semiconductors 40) Yield strength of a material is the stress at which the material a) Fractures b) Develops cracks c) Become plastic; ans d) Ruptures 41) Material that normally undergo creep are a) Metals at room temperature b) Low melting point materials; ans c) High melting point materials d) None of these 42) Creep curve is a plot of a) Strain vs time; ans b) Strain vs temperature c) Stress vs strain d) Elastic modulus vs temperature 43) Among the following materials, which one has highest hardness? a) Steel b) Copper c) Cast iron d) SiC; ans 44) Brittle fractures occurs in materials due to a) The presence of impurities b) Presence of cracks; ans c) Rise in temperature d) Low bond strength 45) Time dependent deformation in which the material does not recover its original dimension is called a) Elasticity

b) Plasticity c) Viscoelasticity; ans d) Anelasticity 46) Ductility of a metal.............. with decreasing temperature a) Decreases; ans b) Increases c) Remain same d) None of these 47) For a good fatigue resistance material, the slope of the S-N curve is a) High b) Low; ans c) d) 48) A material is said to be elastic if stress strain curve is a) Linear; ans b) c) d) 49) Materials which exhibit non linear stress strain curve have............ fatigue resistance a) Poor; ans b) c) d) 50) Creep is more likely to occur in............ melting point materials. a) Low; ans b) c) d) 51) ......... type of fracture is accompanies by energy absorption. a) Brittle; ans b) c) d) 52) The failure of the material due to creep is called a) Rupture; ans b) c) d) 53) The area of under stress strain curve gives....... of the material. a) Toughness; ans b) c) d)