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cc

OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

AVIONICS
Digital data buses

References
2

ARINC: www.arinc.com Avionics Systems Standardization Committee: www.era.co.uk/assc Avionics data buses: http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_Avionics.html

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

summary
3

Digital data buses Development of DDB

ARING 429 MIL-STD-1553B ARINC 629

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Data Bus, DB
4

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Data bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers.
Consists of Wire Information Packing equipment algorithms and formats of data transition

OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

DB
5

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

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inside LRU; Between LRU; Transmit data from sensors to system; Between systems.

OSTROUMOV IVAN

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OSTROUMOV IVAN 6

Do you recall functional integration?

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Distributed analog architecture

7

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

1950s, 1960s Lots of wire, no bus Very difficult to modify electromechanical parts heavy, large space, many pieces Boeing 707, VC10, DC-9, Boeing 737
Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Distributed digital architecture

8

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Digital systems, heavy, slow, difficult to reprogram (AN/ALQ-162) Each component contains its own computer and memory Uses a bus between components (less wire) Each unit has a dedicated function Difficult to expand Boeing 737, 767 A330 (tanker), Tornado, Sea Harrier

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

www.OSTROUMOV.co.cc

Federated digital architecture

9

OSTROUMOV IVAN

Systens communicate via a 1553B bus Additions are easy, only requires that the bus controller be reprogrammed Can employ many buses to separate common equipment (ex : EW on the F-18 with its own MC)

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

www.OSTROUMOV.co.cc

Integrated modular architecture

10

OSTROUMOV IVAN

Interchangeable modules can realize diffrent system functions Permits on-board repairs/swaps, that can automatically reconfigure

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Common types of serial digital data transmission are:

11

Single source-single sink. This is the earliest application and comprises a dedicated link from one piece of equipment to another. This was developed in the 1970s for use on Tornado and Sea Harrier avionics systems.

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

12

Common types of serial digital data transmission are:

Single source-multiple sink. This describes a technique where one piece of transmitting equipment can send data to a number of recipient pieces of equipment (sinks). ARINC 429 is an example of this data bus which is widely used by civil transport and business jets.
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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

13

Common types of serial digital data transmission are:

Multiple source-multiple sink. In this system, multiple transmitting sources may transmit data to multiple receivers. This is known as a full-duplex system and is widely employed by military users (M1L-STD-1553B) and by the B777 (ARINC 629).

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

The major digital data buses in widespread use today in avionics are:
14

ARINC 429 (A429). MIL-STD-1553B, also covered by UK Def Stan 0018/Parts 1 and 2 and NATO STANAG 3838. ARINC629 (A629).
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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

SAE Standards
15

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

AIR1189 Airborne Internal Interface Standards for Moderate Bit Rate Digital Time Division - Multiplex Systems AIR4013A Multiplex Data Bus Networks for Mil-Std-1760 Stores ARP4258 Application of Low Speed Avionic System Discrete Signal Interfaces AS15531 Digital Time Division Command/Response Multiplex Data Bus AS4075 High Speed Ring Bus (Hsrb) Standard AS4075/1 Optical Implementation Relating to the High Speed Ring Bus (Hsrb) Standard AS4710 Pi-Bus AS5370 Multi-Transmitter Bidirectional Fiber-Optic Data Bus for Distributed Aircraft Control Systems AS5643 IEEE-1394b Interface Requirements for Military and Aerospace Vehicle Applications
Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

www.OSTROUMOV.co.cc

ARINC standards
16

OSTROUMOV IVAN

ARINC 429. Digital Information Transfer System. Pointto-point, 2-wire Bi-Polar Return-to-Zero signal. 32 bit data. 100K or 12.5K bit rate. ARINC 629. Multi-Transmitter Data Bus. Serial data bus which operates over cable at 2Mbps. Developed by Boeing. ARINC 659. Backplane Data Bus for IMA, operates at 60Mbps as a commercial aviation bus. ARINC 818. released in Jan. 07, is a video interface and protocol standard developed for high bandwidth, low latency, uncompressed digital video transmission.
Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

IEEE standarts
17

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

IEEE-std-1393 Spaceborne Fiber Optic Data Bus (SFODB); 1 Gb/s, fiber. Std 1149.5 Standard for Module Test and Maintenance Bus (MTM-Bus) Protocol. IEEE 1355 SpaceWire, based on the HIC (IEEE-1355) bus, and Low Voltage Differential Signaling.

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Other buses include:

18

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics Standard Communications Bus (ASCB), available in several forms and based upon Ethernet protocols. ASCB was developed by Honeywell and is used in General Aviation (GA) and business jet applications. Commercial Standard Data Bus (CSDB) developed by Rockwell Collins for use in GA applications. Avionics Full Duplex Ethernet (AFDX) based upon commercial Fast Switched Ethernet (FDX) technology and adopted for the Airbus A380. In some applications, commercial RS 232 and RS 422 buses are also used.
Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Comparative DDB transmission rate

19

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

www.OSTROUMOV.co.cc
OSTROUMOV IVAN

20

ARING 429
1977

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Key attributes
21

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Simplex broadcast bus Bit rates: 'High Speed' 100kbps 'Low Speed' 12 to 14.5kbps Encoding: return to zero bipolar tri-state modulation Message length: 32 bit word, 255 word data block in block transfer mode Media access: simplex single source multiple sink plus full duplex Topology: single source multiple sink either star or bus Number of nodes: 20 sinks, 1 source
Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

www.OSTROUMOV.co.cc
OSTROUMOV IVAN 22

The ARINC 429 specification defines the requirements for a data transmission system based on the use of a single data source and reception of that data by up to 20 sinks or receivers. The maximum number of receivers permitted for connection to a source is limited by the specified minimum receiver input impedance.

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Star topology
23

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

www.OSTROUMOV.co.cc

Bus drop topology

24

OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Multiplex topology
25

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Full duplex link

26

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

27

Return to Zero Bipolar Tri-state Modulation

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

www.OSTROUMOV.co.cc
OSTROUMOV IVAN 28

The signal has three states 'HI', 'NULL' and 'LO' represented by the differential voltage between the two wires of the cable. A logical 1 is signalled by transmission of a +10 1V pulse followed by a 00.5V null period. A logical 0 is signalled by transmission of a 10 1V pulse also followed by a 0 0.5V null period.

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

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OSTROUMOV IVAN 29

Two ranges of transmission rate are defined. 'High Speed' at 100 kbps 1% and 'Low Speed' in the range 12 to 14.5 kbps.

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Word format
30

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

ARINC 429 organizes data in 32 bit words. typical ARINC 429 word consisting of five parts: Label Source/Destination Identifier (SDI) Data field Sign/Status Matrix (SSM) Parity bit

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

ARINC 429 Word Format

31

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Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Label (data name)(1-8)

32

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

each sink is required to inspect the Label field which is encoded in octal to represent the type of information contained within the 32-bit word. Each data item is assigned a label code listed in the ARINC 429 specification and each source may have up to 255 Labels, assigned for its use.

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Source/ Destination Identifier (SDI)

33

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

The SDI field contains just two bits. The SDIs functions are to: indicate the intended destination of the data on a multi-sink bus identify the source of the data on a multi-source bus (multi-system installation) to add an extension to the Label, in which case receiving systems decode the Label/SDI combination.

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

34

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Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Data formats
35

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

twos complement binary data BCD (2/10) data Discrete bits Maintenance data special Alphabet (Symbol and numeric)

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Sign/Status Matrix (SSM)

36

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

It may be used to indicate sign information e.g. +, -, compass direction etc. Each Label has its own unique implementation of the SSM Sign function. The SSM field may also be used to indicate the source equipment status, operational mode or data validity.

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Parity
37

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

The parity bit is set to impose odd parity on the word. If even mistake!!!!!

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

www.OSTROUMOV.co.cc
OSTROUMOV IVAN

38

MIL-STD-1553B
1973

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Key attributes
39

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Serial time division command response data bus Bit rate: 1Mbps Encoding: baseband Manchester II bi-phase level Message length: 1 to 32 16-bit words

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

 MIL-STD-1553B
40

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

A typical example
41

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Note that a module can be both a bus controller and a remote terminal

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011


42

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Manchester Encoding
43

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Manchester on a twisted pair

44

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Signal

Subtractor

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

MIL-STD-1553B formats
45

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

CW
46

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

The standard defines three word formats all words are 20 bit times long The Command Word is issued only by a bus controller and is used to convey commands to RTs.

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

CW (Bit times)
47

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

1 3 are used for an invalid Manchester synchronising pattern. 4 8 contain the address of the RT that is to act on the command (11111 indicates a broadcast command). 9 - the T/R bit, indicates to the receiving RT whether it is to transmit (T/R = 1) or receive (T/R = 0) data words in response to the command.

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

CW (Bit times)
48

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

10 14, if set to 00000 or 11111, indicate that the next 5 bits are to be interpreted as a mode code. If set to any other value they indicate a subaddress within the subsystem served by the RT that is to source or receive data. 15 16 indicate either a mode code that requires the RT to perform some control function (e.g. Reset, Initiate Self Test etc.) or the number of Data Words to be either received or transmitted by the RT. Bit 20 is a parity bit set for odd parity over the previous 16 bits.
Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Data Words
49

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Data Words may be transmitted either by the BC or RT. Bits 1 3 are used for an invalid Manchester synchronising pattern. Bits 4 19 contain the data to be conveyed. Bit 20 is the parity bit.

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Status Words
50

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Status Words are transmitted only by RTs and are used to indicate to the BC the state of the RT and the RTs view of recent events on the bus. For example, certain status bits are used to indicate whether there is a fault in the subsystem or terminal and others the results of error checking, broadcast message reception and service request (latent interrupt) conditions.

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Status Words
51

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Bit times 1 3 are used for an invalid Manchester synchronising pattern. Bits 4 8 contain the address of the RT transmitting the Status word. Bits 9 11 and 15 19 are the status bits and bits 12 14 are reserved and unused (always 0).

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Data Transfer Message Formats

52

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Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

 MIL-STD-1553B
53

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Broadcast Message Formats

54

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011


55

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

www.OSTROUMOV.co.cc
OSTROUMOV IVAN

56

ARINC 629
B-777

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Key attributes
57

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

ARINC specification 629 Multi-transmitter Data Bus Serial data bus with distributed media access. Bit rate: 2Mbps. Encoding: Manchester II bi-phase. Message length: up to 31 Word Strings each containing one 16 bit label word and up to two hundred and fifty-six 16 bit data words Number of nodes: up to 120.
Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

ARINC 629 topology

58

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

ARINC 629 topology

59

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OSTROUMOV IVAN

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

ARINC 629 Message Structure

60

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Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

Basic Protocol Periodic Mode

61

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Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

 ARINC 629
62

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Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011

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OSTROUMOV IVAN 63

Avionics, Lecture, Ivan, 2011