Q U IM IC A O R G AN IC A II.

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Espectroscopa
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Q U IM IC A O R G AN IC A II.

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ESPECTRO ELECTROMAGNTICO
O R .I I-2

Q U IM IC A O R G AN IC A II.

excites vibrational energy levels

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APARIENCIA DEL ESPECTRO IR

An absorption band due to a particular functional group always appears in the same general region.

IM IC

wavenumber = v

AN

IC

II.

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Generalizations

4. polar bonds have more intense absorptions (smaller %T)

IM IC

3. bonds to H absorb at higher wavenumber (smaller mass)

2. stretches absorb at higher wavenumber than bends (larger k)

AN

IC

1. stronger bonds absorb at higher wavenumber (larger k)

II.

BO

M = reduced mass of atoms (proportional to mass of atoms)

AD

k = force constant of bond (proportional to bond strength)

O R

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2c

I-2

k M

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Enlaces sencillos a Hidrgeno

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decreasing bond strength

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AD R

O H

N-H > CspH > 3300 3550-3200 cm-1 3400-3200 intense (polar) less intense less broad very broad NH2 has 2 (H bonding) H NH has 1 O-H

AN

IC

II.

BO

>

Csp2H 3100 -3000

> Csp3H > CH 2830 3000 -2700 -2850 two bands

3000 cm-1 divides sp2 and sp3

IM IC

AN

IC

CH3CH2

II.

BO

2260-2200 more intense

2150-2100 less intense less polar For symmetrical alkynes, this band can be very weak.

IM IC

C C CH2CH3

AD

O R

C N

C C

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Triples enlaces

C
~1700 cm-1 very intense (polar) very useful

C
lower wavenumber (uncommon)

O R

.I R R AD BO

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C C
1660-1640 less intense (nonpolar)

Double Bond Region

IM IC

four bands near 1600, 1580, 1500, and 1450 variable position and intensity (use caution)

AN

IC

II.

A O G AN IC A II. R

Csp3-H (<3000)

Q U IM IC

BO

AD

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Q U IM IC A O R G AN IC A II.

3000 divides Csp2-H and Csp3-H

BO

AD

O R

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Csp-H

Q U IM IC A O R G AN IC A II.

BO

AD

O R

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Csp2-H

Q U IM IC A O R G AN IC A II.

Csp3-H

BO

AD

O R

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2. 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

O R Q U IM IC A O R G AN IC
Apariencia

II.

BO

AD

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Q U IM IC A O R G AN IC A II.

BO

AD

O R

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I-2

01 2

IM IC

AN

IC

II.

BO

AD

O R

Cuntas seales debe dar? Simule el espectro

.I I-2

01 2

IM IC

AN

CH3 CH3

IC

II.

BO

AD

O R
CH3 CH3

A cul xileno corresponde?

Q

CH3 CH3

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RMN

IM IC

1H

AN

IC

multiplicity number of peaks in group info about nearby Hs

II.

BO

Chemical shift position on x-axis info about C to which the H is bonded

AD

O R

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I-2

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Integral area under a peak is proportional to the number of Hs

Inductive Effects
X C H
Electronegative X pulls electrons away from H; H is deshielded; appears more downfield

IM IC

AN

C is slightly more electronegative than H

IC

II.

BO

AD

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Table 14.1

Q U IM IC A O R G AN IC A II.

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AD

O R

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IM IC

AN

IC

II.

BO

AD

O R

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Simule el espectro del siguiente compuestos

01 2

DU = 1

IM IC

AN

Qu compuesto es? Cmo se calcula el IDH?

IC A II.

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AD

O R

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