8.

Transformations
3.2
Reflections
Write : Reflection on axis
Example:
Draw image under reflection on PQ

4
C

3
2
1

P
-3 -2 -1

0 1
-1

-2
-3
Q

2.
The polygon ABCDE is the image
polygon ABCDE under the certain
transformation W. Describe in full the
transformation W.

2. Diagram ABCDEFABCDEF is the

image of diagram ABCDEF under the certain
transformation P. Describe the transformation P.
A 4

2
P

D C1

C D

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
F
E
E
F
-1
-2
-3
Q

Example:
1. DrawtheimageoftriangleABCunder
thereflectiononaxis
(a) x=1
(b) y=1
(c) x
(d) y
(e) AB

Exercise11:
1. FigurePistheimageoffigureQunder

thecertaintransformationW.

4
C

3 P
2

1
- 3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1 Q

-2
-3
21

(a)

(b)

DescribethetransformationW

8.2

Markandnamethecoordinateofthe
imagecoordinateAunderthesame
transformation.

13. PMR 2005

Diagram below shows two quadrilateral, ABCD
and ABCD, draw on a grid of equal squares.
ABCD is the image of ABCD under a
reflection. On the diagram, draw the axis of
reflection.
[2 marks]

Translations

Write ; Translation
y

Where:
x is moved parallel with x axis
[If moved to right side, the sign is (+) and
Moved to left side, the sign is (-) ]
y is moved parallel with y-axis
[If moved to up ward, the sign is (+) and
Moved to down ward, the sign is (-) ]
Example:
1.
Draw and label the image of triangle P

under the translations

B
C

2.
The diagram Q is the image diagram P
under the certain transformation W. Describe in
full the transformation W.

D
A
C

14. PMR 2006

Diagram below shows object P and straight line
MN drawn on a grid of equal squares. On the
diagram in the answer space, draw the image of
P under a reflection in the straight line MN.
[2 marks]
M
P

22

Example2:
1. DrawtheimageoftriangleABCunder
thereflection

Exercise 11:
1. Figure P is the image of figure Q under the
certain transformation W.

3 P

1
-3 -2 -1

0 1
-1

-3 -2 -1 0
-1

1 2 3 4 5
Q

-2

-2

-3

-3

(a) Describe the transformation W

2. Diagram ABCDEFABCDEF is the
image of diagram ABCDEF under the certain
transformation P. Describe the transformation P.
A

(b) Mark and name the coordinate of the image

coordinate A under the same
transformation.

3
B

2
E F 1

-3 -2 -1
C

0
-1

1 B2

3 4
E

-2

2. PMR 2004
In diagram below P is the image of P under
transformation M

-3
C

12
10
P

6
8 10 12
2
4
Describe in full transformation M.
[2 marks]

23

3. PMR 2006
Diagram below shows two polygon, H and
H, drawn on a grid of equal squares with
sides of 1 unit.

(c)

H
H

2
The diagram P is the image diagram Q
under the certain transformation W. Describe the
transformation W.

H is the image of H under transformation L.

Describe in full transformation L.
[2 marks]

..

..
8.3
Rotation
Write : Rotation about centre (x,y) @ A thought
90 clockwise @ anti clockwise.
Example:
1.
Draw the image of P under the rotation
about centre O, 90 clockwise

To Find the centre of rotation

1. Join the corresponding vertex
2. Draw the perpendicular bisector
3. Intersect of two perpendicular line is a
center of rotation.

(a)

(b)

24

Example:
1. Draw the image of triangle ABC under the
rotation about point (1,1) through 900
anticlockwise.

17. PMR 2005

Diagram below shows three triangles, P,Q and
R, which are drawn on a Cartesian plane.

10

-3 -2 -1 0
-1

1 2 3 4

-3
2. Diagram ABCDEFABCDEF is the
image of diagram ABCDEF under the certain
transformation P. Describe the transformation P.
A 4
C

3
2
D C1

-3 -2
F

-1 0
-1
E

3 4

-2
-3
-4

-2

6
-4 -2 O
2
4
8
(a) Q is the image of P under a rotation of
900. State
(i) the direction of the rotation.
(ii) the coordinates of the centre of the
rotation.
(b) R is the image of P under transformation
M. Describe in full transformation M.
[4 marks]

25

8.4

Enlargement
Write : Enlargement at centre (x, y) @ P
with scale factor k
scale factor, k =

3. Draw the image of triangle ABC under an

enlargement at centre (4,4) with scale factor - 2

length of side of the image

length of corresponding side of the object

Example:
1. Draw the image of triangle ABC under an
enlargement at centre (4,3) with scale factor 2

P
(a)

4. The diagram P is the image diagram Q under

the certain transformation W. Describe the
transformation W.

Q
(b)

P
2. Draw the image of triangle ABC under an

1
enlargement at centre (5,2) with scale factor
2

1. Join corresponding point object and image.

2. Intersection point is the centre of enlargement
scale factor, k =

length of side of the image

length of corresponding side of the object

26

Exercise 12:
1. Figure P is the image of figure Q under the
certain transformation W.

4
C

3 P
2

1
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Q
-1
-2
-3
(a) Describe the transformation W

(b) Mark and name the coordinate of the image

coordinate A under the same
transformation.

5.5 Congruent
Example:
1. PMR 2004
Diagram below in the answer space shows
polygon ABCDEF and straight line PQ drawn on
a grid of equal squares. Starting from the line
PQ, draw polygon PQRSTU which is congruent
to polygon ABCDEF.

F
E

D
C
P

NOTE

27