Year 10 Holocaust Quiz (Week 10) . Choose the best answer 1.

Under the Nazi Regime, Jews were defined by a. The Nuremberg Laws b. The Nazi Laws c. The Magdeburg Laws d. The Munich Laws

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2. What was Kristallnacht? a. A night where windows of Jewish businesses were smashed by the German police b. A night where the windows of Jewish businesses were smashed by the SA paramilitary and non-Jewish citizens c. A Sabbath night for the Jews where all their crystal glass was shattered. d. A clear night where the stars shone like glass

Source 1. In the summer of 1941, I cannot remember the exact date. Himmler received me and said in effect: The Fuhrer has ordered that the Jewish question be solved for once and for all. The Jews are the sworn enemies of the German people and must be eradicated. Every Jew that we can lay our hands on is to be destroyed now during the war, without exception. If we cannot obliterate the biological basis of Jewry, the Jews will one day destroy the German people. Auschwitz Commandant Rudolf Hoess: Extract from Commandant of Auschwitz: the Autobiography of Rudolf Hoess, 1959. 3. Which of the following plans best reflects Himmlers ideas expressed in Source 1? a. the plan by the Nazi Regime to impose increasingly severe discriminatory measures against the Jews b. the plan by the Nazi Regime to annihilate the Jewish people c. the plan by the Nazi Regime to deport Jews from Germany d. the plan by the Nazi Regime to force Jews into ghettos

4. In Source 1, what does Himmler mean by the phrase obliterate the biological basis of Jewry? a. That Jewish people must marry Germans so that their Jewishness will eventually disappear. b. That the Jews were biologically stronger and more intelligent than the German people, so that survival of the fittest would see the German people destroyed. c. That Jews must be exterminated so that they could not contaminate the German people. d. That the Jewish population was increasing at a greater rate than the German population so Jews would take over Germany 5. Source 1 is useful because a. It gives insight into what Hitler was thinking at the time b. It gives insight into what Himmler was thinking at the time c. It gives insight into what Hoess was thinking at the time d. It gives insight into what the German people were thinking at the time Source 2. I believed the propaganda that all Jews were criminals and subhuman and that they were the cause of Germanys decline after the First World War. The thought that one should disobey or evade the order to participate in the extermination of the Jews did not therefore enter my mind at all. Policeman (1961 Testifying) 6. Source 2 suggests that the policeman a. Was deeply regretful of his involvement in exterminating the Jews b. Believes that he should not have followed the orders c. Is justifying his actions d. Had nothing to do with the extermination of the Jews Source 3.

7. Why were non-Jewish people verboten (forbidden) from entering the Warsaw ghetto, as shown in Source 3? a. It was believed that non-Jewish individuals would be corrupted or converted if they spent time with Jews. b. The Nazis were worried the Warsaw Ghetto would be reported to the International Red Cross. c. The Jewish Committee was in charge of the Ghetto. d. There were strict rules for segregation of Jews and non-Jews. 8. Arrange these events in appropriate chronological order. Event 1. Event 2. Event 3 Event 4. Event 5. a. b. c. d. Source 5 The Nuremburg Laws came into force Establishment of the death camps Kristallnacht Commencement of deportation of Jewish people from Germany The Anschluss 1,3,4,2,5 3,1,4,5,2 1,5,3,4,2. 3,4,1,2,5.

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Looking at the picture in Source 5(selection at Auschwitz II-Birkenau), why did the Germans separate the Jews into fit and non-fit categories? a. So they could exterminate the fit Jews first so they wouldnt fight back b. So that all the fit Jews could be used for medical experiments c. So that the non-fit Jews could be given medical attention d. So they could exterminate the non-fit Jews (old people, women and children) for whom they no longer had any use

Source 6 The fairly widespread knowledge of the mass shootings of the Jews was compatible with a spectrum of responses ranging from overt approval to blank condemnation, and above all with an apathetic shrug of the shoulders, the feeling of impotence, or the turning of the face from unpalatable [unacceptable] truths. Much suggests, in fact, that this type of reaction that is nonreaction was the most commonplace of all. If one term above all sums up the behavioural response of the German people to the persecution of the Jews, it is passivity. I. Kershaw, German Popular Opinion during the Final Solution in Comprehending the Holocaust, ed. A. Cohen, 1988, p.154 10. Ian Kershaw suggests in Source 6 that the German people were a. conformists b. indoctrinated c. anti-Semitic d. indifferent 11. Looking at the publication details of Source 6, the source could be assessed as a. a useful primary source b. a useful secondary source c. an unreliable primary source d. an unreliable secondary source Source 7 Goering: Gentlemen! Todays meeting is of a decisive nature. I have received a letter written on the Fuhrers orders, requesting that the Jewish question, be now once and for all, co-ordinated and solved one way or another The meeting, in which we first talked about this question and came to the decision to aryanise the German economy, to take the Jew out of it and put him into our debit ledger, was one in which, to our shame, we only made pretty plans, which were executed very slowly. We then had a demonstration, right here in Berlin, we told the people that something decisive would be done, but again nothing happened Because, gentlemen, I have had enough of these demonstrations! They dont harm the Jew but me, who is the last authority for co-ordinating the German economy If today, a Jewish shop is destroyed, if goods are thrown into the street, the insurance company will pay for the damages, which the Jew does not even have; and furthermore the consumer goods belonging to the people are destroyed. If in future, demonstrations which are necessary occur, then, I pray that they be directed, so as not to hurt us. I should not want to leave any doubt, gentlemen, as to the aim of todays meeting. We have not come together merely to talk again, but to

make decisions and I implore the competent agencies to take all measures for the elimination of the Jew from the German economy and to submit them to me Stenographic (taken down in shorthand) report of the meeting on the Jewish question, chaired by Goering, 2 days after Kristallnacht 12. Read statements 1 and 2 and choose the correct answer. Statement 1: Source 7 suggests that there were widespread anti-Semitic attitudes to Jews in business Statement 2: Source 7 suggests that Goerings views on the need for removal of the Jews from economic life in Germany were deeply held a. b. c. d. only statement 1 is correct only statement 2 is correct Both statements are correct Neither statements are correct

13. Based on his speech in Source 7, Goerings conclusion about the consequences of Kristallnacht is a. that Jews were finally removed from business b. that the cost would not be covered by insurance c. that the German people only cared that there were now no goods to buy d. that decisions for further measures against the Jews must be taken Source 8 The vans load is usually nine per square yard. In Saurer vehicles maximum use of space is impossible, not because of any possible overload, but because loading to full capacity would affect the vehicles stability. So reduction of the load space seems necessary. It must absolutely be reduced by a yard, instead of trying to solve the problem, as hitherto, by reducing the number of pieces loaded. Besides, this extends the operating time, as the empty void must also be filled with carbon monoxide. On the other hand, if the load space is reduced, and the vehicle is packed solid, the operating time can be considerably shortened. The manufacturers told us during a discussion that reducing the size of the vans rear would throw it badly off balance. The front axle, they claim would be overloaded. In fact, the balance is automatically restored, because the merchandise aboard displays during the operation a natural tendency to rush to the rear doors, and is mainly found lying there at the end of the operation. So the front axle is not overloaded. An extract from a civil servants memorandum suggestion improvements to special vehicles at Chelmno death camp, June 1942

14. What do pieces and merchandise refer to in Source 8? a. bundles of goods b. livestock c. soldiers d. Jewish victims 15. Why is the civil servant able to speak in such a detached manner in Source 8? It is likely that a. he does not think of the cargo as human b. he works in an office and never saw the operation of the vans c. he is concentrating on solving the overloading problem d. he was obeying orders

Class discussion Source 9 As we pass into the twenty-first century, the world will inherit an undigestible piece of history, the Shoah, which cannot be understood, may not be forgiven, and must not be forgotten. The actor, Ben Kingsley, after his role in the film about the Holocaust, Schindlers List 16. In light of the Sources given in this paper and your own knowledge, why do you think Ben Kingsley was able to call the Holocaust an undigestible piece of history?

Source 10 For the survivor who chooses to testify, it is clear: his duty is to bear witness for the dead and for the living. He has no right to deprive future generations of a past that belongs to our collective memory. To forget would be not only dangerous but offensive; to forget the dead would be akin to killing them a second time. Elie Wiesel, Night 17. Do you agree with the authors of Sources 9 and 10 that we should remember the Holocaust? Why or why not?