Governor

What Is? -- Controlling Mechanism What does it control? -- Engine RPM

Why to control engine RPM

At a specific load, there is a specific RPM for highest efficiency S F C
Efficiency

RPM

RPM

LOAD EFFECT
N= CONST
S F C

N1

N2
Efficiency

BHP

BHP

Target of Locomotive Governor

To maintain constant RPM To maintain constant Load

Causes of RPM variation

Load variation

Traction Load

GEN

Crank shaft

AUX

EXPR
Rad Fan

LOAD CONFIGURATION

Sources of Load Variation

( In a particular setting)

Traction Load Expressor Load Radiator Fan Load

Does Traction Load variation affect Engine loading?

Traction Load variation does not affect on Engine loading (Torque I2), required I value can be obtained within the same HP curve Load line rolls within constant HP curve causing no change on engine load

V V1

R1 V V2 I HP CURVE & LOAD LINE I1 I2 R2

What actually affects Engine Loading

Variation in EXPR load Variation in Radiator Fan Load

How to correct?

Increase/ decrease of Fuel Load correction (when scheduled quantity of fuel exceeds)

What is Load correction?

Total Load = Traction Load + other Load (Load correction is to maintain Total load Constant)

Where to correct?

Correcting Traction Load e d/ dt N. (N is the RPM, cant be

changed hence to be changed for load correction) is the flux density, depends upon the generator field current. (Controlled by Load Control mechanism of Governor)

WHAT IS LOCOMOTIVE GOVERNING

TYPES OF GOVERNOR

GE GOV (ELECTRICAL) WW GOV (HYDRAULIC) MCBG GOV (MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLED)

ROLL OF GOVERNOR

BASIC DUTY: To maintain Engine RPM constant at varying load condition.

S F C
LOAD= CONST

S F C

N= CONST

DUTIES OF LOCOMOTIVE GOVERNOR: To maintain constant RPM To maintain Constant HP

RPM

BHP

Primary duty of Governor

To maintain RPM constant To maintain Load constant (HP constant)

ADDITIONAL FUNCTION OF WW GOVERNOR

Starting & Stopping of Engine Limit the fuel during acceleration, retardation and low booster pressure Shutdown the engine in case of low lube oil pressure Reduces power in case of wheel slip, Transition etc.

RPM SENSING (GE)

475 mA GOV

ENGINE
Ta G ESST REC

TH ESR

CAM GEAR

ECP

RPM SENSING (WW)

WW GOV NYLON GEAR

CAM GEAR
GOV BASE BEVEL GEARS

ENGINE

COMPARISON
WW GOV GE GOV Senses RPM Mechanically Senses RPM electrically (475 mA) Notch wise fixed Fuel No notch wise fixed fuel Schedule schedule (quicker Booster Pressure biased fuel acceleration) limiting No BP biased fuel limiting In built LOPS LOPS does not exist in Hyd pump inbuilt GOV Power reduction during wheel Hyd pump outside slip, transition etc. (optional) No such facility exists

GOVERNOR VIEW

GOVERNOR VIEW

Sectioned view

HYD CIRCUIT

BASIC GOVERNING

SPEED SETTING SECTION

SPEED SETTING INCREASE

SPEED SETTING DECREASE

SPEED SETTING
THROTTLE SOLENOIDS ENERGIZED SPEED (RPM) ADJ (SEQ) POSITION A B C D GOVERNOR ENGINE ---------------------------------------------------STOP * 0 0 IDLE 430 4 400 C (5) 1 430 4 400 2 * 522 15 485 3 * 613 15 571 4 * * 708 4 657 B (4) 5 * * * 798 15 743 6 * * * * 890 4 829 base nut(1) 7 * * 962 4 914 A (3) 8 * * * 1074 4 1000 D (2) -----------------------------------------------------

ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR

INTEGRAL VANE SERVO & LCR ASSY

LOAD CONTROL SEC

OVERRIDING SECTION

ORS ACTIVATED

LOW OIL PRESSURE SHUT DOWN

LOPS IN ACTION

FUEL LIMITING SECTION