Professional Documents
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Shearwalls
The vertical elements in the lateral force-resisting system (LFRS) Support the roof/floor diaphragms and transfer the lateral forces into the foundations
http://www.jlconline.com/Images/LateralForce%20Collectors%20for%20Seismic%20and%20 Wind-Resistant%20Framing_tcm96-1095375.pdf
Materials
Most typically used to develop shear wall action: Wood structural panels (e.g. plywood and oriented strand board (OSB)) Lumber sheathing (diagonal or horizontal strips)
http://www.woodworking-online.com/images/image120.jpg
Materials
wallboard (drywall) Interior and exterior plaster (stucco) Fiberboard (including fiber-cement panels)
Design Considerations
Sheathing thickness Shear wall nailing Chord design (tension and compression) Collector (strut) design Anchorage requirements (hold-downs and shear) Shear panel proportions Deflection
http://www.ehow.com/list_7192716_ubcwood-shear-wall-spacing.html
http://www.finehomebuilding.com/design/articles/how-it-works-shear-walls.aspx
Sheathing Thickness
Sheathing-type loads and spacing of wall studs may determine thickness Unit shear often controls May also be governed by the required fire rating of a wall
e.g.,
1-hour fire rating for 2x4 wall studs @16o.c., with 5/8 gypsum on the interior, and 5/8 Type X gypsum sheathing & minimum 3/8 plywood siding together on the outside.
Nailing
Function
Chords
As
with diaphragms, these are designed to carry the moment Required at both ends of a shear wall
Collector (strut)
Same
Shearwall Proportions
Measured by height-to-width ratio, h/b In buildings with two or more stories, the height, h, is the vertical clear distance between diaphragms IBC sets upper limits on h/b for various wall sheathing materials used as shear walls Shear walls satisfying h/b limits considered to be better with regards to deflection control
Height-to-Width Ratios
IBC sets h/b limit for wood structural panel shear walls to 3.5 for wind
(SDPWS
Height-to-Width Ratios
For tables, may increase h/b for seismic up to 3.5 provided that tabulated allowable unit shears reduced by multiplier 2bs/h (SDPWS 4.3.4.1)
Tabulated values assume framing members are Douglas Fir-Larch or Southern Pine
Adjustment
Panels resisting wind loads are permitted to use unit shear capacities 40% higher than for seismic Note that tables are for short-term forces (wind and seismic)
If
panels used to support loads of longer duration, tabulated unit shear must be reduced
= 0.80
Section 4.3.3)
Tabulated values apply to panels installed vertically or horizontally Assumed that all panel edges are supported by and are edge nailed to wall studs or blocking
Unit Shears
Can be obtained with more than one layer on other side of the wall If same nail size and spacing is used, second layer can double shear capacity of the wall
Unit Shears
Generally wall covering (gypsum wallboard, plaster, stucco) capacity not additive to shear capacity of wood structural panel sheathing One exception is gypsum wallboard under wood structural panel exterior (as in Table 4.3B) Plywood siding can also be used
Unit Shears
Three Methods
Semi-empirical method, like 2nd method but less detailing requirements and with capacity adjustment factor for openings (Table 4.3.3.5)
Segmented Shearwall
Perforated Shearwall
Some designers will include overturning resistance due to dead load; others neglect Force in compression chord can be underestimated when dead load neglected
Anchorage Considerations
Critical locations are where diaphragms connect to shearwalls and where shearwalls tie into the foundation Commonly use tie-downs or hold-downs (engineered prefabricated metal brackets) Must consider:
Vertical
(gravity) loads Lateral forces parallel to the wall Lateral forces perpendicular to the wall
Anchorage
Shear Anchorage
Attachment of sheathing to bottom wall plate will transfer shear to base of the wall Anchor bolts are designed to transfer shear to foundation
Must rely on nail connection between stud and bottom wall plate, etc.
Deflection
Deflection
Can also use SDPWS eq. 4.3-1 with Ga apparent shear stiffness (including nail slip)