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Assignment:

A project work for 3 k.m. long tunnel has been undertaken at a remote site which takes 2 days of travel to reach nearest town. Supervisors, Technicians and skilled workers are engaged in dangerous and hazardous work. Absenteeism due to sickness, quarrels, drinking is adding to less output of work and chances of accident on site are increasing. There is need to tackle this problem to increase the output of the work.

Site conditions:
The site is located in a remote area and the nearest town to the construction for the site is very far. The distance between the site and the town is less but it takes approximately two days because of poor road condition and hilly terrain. The workers have been involved in a dangerous and hazardous works which has to be seriously looked upon. The situation has worsened due to lack of several basic amenities. The output from the workers is less due which on time completion of the project may be delayed, if not attended. In short, the project has lost both QUALITY and TIME.

Planning for a tunnel in remote area involves very careful planning for the following: The availability of raw material and its transportation and storage. Power arrangement at the project site as tunnel making involves lot of heavy equipment and thus need heavy power need. Alternate arrangement of raw material supply, skilled and semiskilled manpower, their staying as such project period would be in few years. Welfare and medical arrangement for the people working at site. Main problems and their reasons in site:

1. Absenteeism of workers and machineries: The absenteeism of workers and machineries has a major impact on productivity. High rates of absenteeism are a concern. The other people have to carry extra workloads to compensate for missing crew members. The low job satisfaction resulted in high absence of workers and improper maintenance, lack of skilled labor are the causes for malfunction and absence of machinery. 2. Accidents at site: In a construction site there are many accidents than incidents. A dangerous activity can be performed hundred times before it results in a accident and management should eliminate such potential dangers.

Management cannot wait for human or material damage before doing any activity. Such potential accidents occur due to lack of knowledge and training.

3. Technical problems in machineries: There must be lot of machineries involved in the construction of the tunnel. Hence the machineries like TBM have to be properly maintained. They have to be inspected in regular duration of time. Skilled and trained personnel have to operate complicated and heavy machineries. 4. Work progress not meeting the schedule: This occurs often due to unavailability and absenteeism of workers and machineries. The solution to overcome this problem is to make proper schedule of work. 5. Improper safety measures: Most of the accidents that occur in site are due to lack of safety measures. Employees need to have a written safety policy for their enterprise setting out the safety and health standards .Safe methods or systems of work for hazardous operations should be there. 6. Consumption of alcohol: The excess consumption of alcohol will lead to lack of concentration on work, quarrel with co-workers and accidents in sites. The only way to avoid over consumption of alcohol is to avoid the availability of alcohol near the site so that the labor cannot consume much alcohol and this problem is solved and the project may continue smoothly. 7. Transportation and logistics problems: Proper transport facilities must be adopted for the transportation of construction materials like sand, aggregate, cement, reinforcement materials etc. to the site. The same has to be provided for workers and their family members. 8. Lack of medical and welfare arrangements: Proper medical & welfare units are required for the families of the workers of the project at the remote area with the onsite specialized doctors.

9. Lack of motivation & safety: This is the most general problem from the management side. They fail to train and motivate the workers which have greater impact on output and productivity. Safety and healthy working conditions has to be provided for the workers. Special systematic training programs have to be provided for the workers.

Needs & fulfillments on site:


The site is a remote place and which takes the 2 days travels to the nearest town. The work at the site is for constructing the tunnel of the 3 K.M. long which is in a very dangerous and hazardous with the unpredictable weather. It does have any necessary amenities for living at the site also due to very far from town it doesnt have any communication at the site. So it is necessary to provide the basic need able things and facility on the site which are as following: Safety to workers: Every worker in the construction industry is very much concerned about their own safety. The various types of occupational accident in the construction industry are E x p o s u r e i n t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s l i k e t e m p e r a t u r e o r c o n t a c t w i t h potential harmful substances like dust etc. Contact with electric current Falling from height or at same level including slipping Caught in machine or material In order to avoid accidents, several safety measures has to be taken like training the workers, providing sign boards in the hazardous zones, by managing by supervisors etc.

Site tidiness: A major contribution to safe working conditions on site can be made by attention to tidiness. There are many accidents due to tripping, slipping or falling over materials and equipment which have been left lying around and stepping on nails which have been left projecting from timber. Below are the steps -Clean up as you go, do not leave scrap for the next person to clean -Clean up spilled oil and grease -Deposit waste material at a recognized disposal point. Facilities for supplying food and drink: Facilities for supplying food at construction work sites can be particularly important when sites are located in remote areas. Remoteness together with inadequate temporary housing which lacks cooking facilities may give rise to considerable problems to workers. To meet the needs of proper meals, a choice of facilities should be made available. There should be accommodation with tables and seats protected from the weather where one can eat in comfort, food brought from home or bought from vendors. It should be situated away from workstations to minimize contact with dirt, dust or dangerous substances.

Rest breaks: Construction workers begin work early. They start their day alert and productive but their activity level decreases as the day passes. Short breaks taken frequently are much better than frequent long breaks. Productivity improves with frequent rest breaks. National law may prescribe the length of a working day which includes a period or periods of breaks. At least one ten minute break in the morning and one in the afternoon in addition to longer break for lunch are essential.

Place for storage of Materials: This is also a major problem for such a big project and at remote place materials will be at site well before start of project so store rooms should be properly built well in advance so that it will not create a problem while execution of work for that what all employees required and how many number required should be planned before so that materials are properly handled by this only the cost of project depends.

Social needs of workers: There should be emergency travel arrangement by which in case of any injury they can reach at the nearest hospital within the time. Developing the hygiene conditions on the site so that cases of the sickness on the site can decrease. Providing the facility for recreation activities & enjoyment of the workers like movies, games, and internet, participations in the various activities. Providing the good medical facility on the work site with the lifesaving medicines.

Suggested methods for hygiene factors & motivational factors: The following method can be used for improving the hygiene condition and to motivate the workers at the site. Stimulate the working site The work site should be properly stimulated and the hygiene condition should be developed at the site so that the persons at the site could get a better environment for the work. The work place should be safe so that during the work workers should not get injured. The housing arrangement and good food facilities and availability of basic amenities could improve the working efficiency of the workers. Also providing a good medical facility can reduce the cases of the sickness of the workers helping in the reducing the absenteeism and the required team members for the work will be available

Fulfilling Social needs of the persons The persons are not able to take their family to site, due to that they are not in contact with them. He always thinks about them and the concentration on the work will not be continued. To fulfill these requirements of his attachment with the family and for social responsibility they should get work off of leave to meet the family and for completing his social responsibilities. Developing interpersonal relationship By training and organizing other events and competition, the interpersonal relationship can develop between the workers. This can help in improving team work, by that the output will increase than the output by the individual. This can also help in developing a helpful environment for the workers. By creating open communication between the workers can help in strengthening the interpersonal relationship between the workers. Providing Opportunity for the Professional Growth By making then feel that after completing this project, the professional growth for them will be much higher than the other who are engaged at another work place of its less difficult. They may get a job security on the job and they can be promoted & transferred on the basis of their performance. By providing chance for the interesting and challenging work the opportunity for the growth can be provided to them. Also technical training and on the job training can increases the level of the knowledge, this could help in increasing the working efficiency of the workers. Tangible rewards By giving the tangible rewards for the better work performance on the site, this could help in motivating the peoples for doing the better job. For that extra wages and awards can give to increase their morale.

Senior management support & management assistance in problem solving The continuous support by the management and assistance to the workers time to time increase the morale of the persons involved in the work at the site. If any problem arises at the site which is beyond the authority of the supervisors the management could take decision can solve the problem within time.

They think that if anything happens the management can take care of them and the problem could solve within the time effectively. Also if there any grievance between the supervisory and workers level this could solve by the management so that the working environment could be develop in an efficient work place. The management can recognize and appraise their work of the god performance, this help in increase the morale of the workers and faith in the organization. Cultivating strong skills in delegation: Delegation includes conveying responsibility and authority to supervisors and workers so they can carry out certain tasks. However, leave it up to the workers and supervisors to decide how they will carry out the tasks. Skills in delegation can free up a great deal of time for managers and higher management. It also allows them to take strong role in job, which usually means more fulfillment and motivation in their job, as well.

Suggestions/Recommendations to Management:
Enriching the job: Enrichment of job is designing jobs that provide opportunity for achievement, recognition, growth, responsibility, a greater variety of work content; requires a higher level of knowledge and skills, give workers more autonomy and responsibility in terms of planning, direction and controlling their work and provide the opportunity for personal growth and meaningful work experience.

The workers job may be enriched by: -Giving workers more latitude in deciding about such things as work methods, sequence and pace or by letting them make decision. -Encouraging the participation of subordinate and interaction between workers. -Giving workers a feeling of personal responsibility to their tasks. -Giving feedback on job performance.

Helping subordinates: The management should help, understand and agree with the subordinates with organizational purposes for better direction. They should develop teamwork, so that everyones efforts are synchronized. Management should create conditions in which people will have mutual trust, support and respect.

Act of motivation: Motivating employees so that they feel secure on the job is not easy, especially since a project has a finite lifetime. Also if a project is at such place where the basic amenities are not available to live it become the more difficult to motivate the employee to work at those site. Since the project manager or management cannot motivate by promising material gains, they must appeal to each persons pride. The project manager should take care and give personal assistance to the supervisors, technicians, workers and the persons whose are working under him for achieving the target.

According to Herzberg, the management should treat people as individuals, not as supervisor, technician, foreman, mechanic, peon etc. The management should give due respect to workers as dignified human beings who likes to be respect for their worth. They should involve workers in taking decisions.

Professional stimulation of work environment: The work conditions on the site are not so good and there is a lack of basic facilities and amenities. The management should arrange the basic requirement of the persons at the site like housing, food, recreation center, games. Also management should make work site be safe so that anyone can work without fear and give his best output. The management should provide a good medical facility and the travel arrangement in the case of emergency.

Adopt a positive attitude among workers: The management should adopt positive attitude towards the supervisors, technicians and workers to complete the work on the time. The management shouldnt criticize the works for their less output at the work place due to some unfavorable conditions at the work place. The management should always motivate them for the better work performance. The management should give each person the attention which he requires. Fulfilling Social needs of the persons The persons are not able to take their family to site, due to that they are not in contact with them. He always thinks about them and the concentration on the work will not be continued. To fulfill these requirements of his attachment with the family and for social responsibility they should get work off of leave to meet the family and for completing his social responsibilities. Letting the people know why they are, where they are The people are engaged at work should know that they are there because they know that how to do that work. How much they are important for the work and for the organization. They should know that where they are and why, because this make them feel them important for the organization.

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Making the individual feel that they belong where they are, Let the people know that how their efforts fit into the big picture of the project and how this project will benefits their future growth and career development. Employee soften feel strong fulfillment from realizing that they are actually making a difference. This realization often requires clear communication about organizational goal, employee progress towards those goal and celebration when the goals are met.

Placement of the persons in right positions: The every people have some level of knowledge and experience. Anybody cannot fit into every work. The efficiency can be maximum if right people in right place in right numbers. The people at any level should have proper knowledge for that position and properly trained. By providing proper training to the persons at work place it could increase the work progress. This will also help in further growth of the persons. The persons placed at various positions should follow the hierarchy of the management. They should be follow the instruction given by the higher person also the higher person should consider the ideas of the lower persons. Clearly convey how employee results contribute too organizational results Employees often feel strong fulfillment from realizing that they're actually making a difference. This realization often requires clear communication about organizational goals, employee progress toward those goals and celebration when the goals are met. Celebrate achievements: This critical step is often forgotten. New managers and supervisors are often focused on a getting "a lot done". This usually means identifying and solving problems. Experienced managers come to understand that acknowledging and celebrating a solution to a problem can be every bit as important as the solution itself.
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Without ongoing acknowledgement of success, employees become frustrated, skeptical and even cynical about efforts in the organization. Cultivate strong skills in delegation: Delegation includes conveying responsibility and authority to your employees so they can carry out certain tasks. However, you leave it up to your employees to decide how they will carry out the tasks.

Skills in delegation can free up a great deal of time for managers and supervisors. It also allows employees to take a stronger role in their jobs, which usually means more fulfillment and motivation in their jobs, as well. Offering Tangible rewards: By giving the tangible rewards for the better work performance on the site, this could help in motivating the peoples for doing the better job. For that extra wages and awards can give to increase their morale.

Bibliography:
Koontz and Odoneal; Management in organization, McGraw Hill Publication. Shamil Naoum; People and organization management in construction, Thomas Telford Ltd.

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