-7-

5. How to Design a Canard Aircraft in 20 Easy Steps (Preliminary Report Only) 1. 2. Using the data on similar aircraft in Appendix A, guess the max. gross takeoff weight W TO . Specify the lift split between the canard and the wing, LC f = ----L where L = L W + L C is the total lift and L C and L W are the canard and wing contributions, respectively. In this course, you will be asked to constrain the value of canard lift as follows: 0.20 f 0.50 Note carefully that the f is a function of the aircraft loading and trim condition, and typically changes as the aircraft burns fuel. 3. Calculate the wing and canard areas SW and S C required to meet stall specifications. Caution: You must recognize that, since the canard loading depends on the aircraft loading and trim condition, the canard and wing areas must be sized for the most critical case, otherwise the stall specifications will not be met. 4. Make 3-view sketches of (feasible) preliminary configurations, arranging the payload, fuel, engine, and other heavy components such that the design constraints on stability and performance set forth in the aircraft specifications are met. Check that the vertical tail area satisfies the yaw stability criterion. 5. 6. Select the most promising configuration and make the final 3-view drawing for this iteration. Calculate the frontal and wetted areas from the drawing and compute the parasite drag coefficient. 7. 8. Calculate the total drag at top speed (parasite plus induced drag). Use momentum theory to estimate the ideal propeller efficiency i , based on the selected propeller diameter and the speed of the aircraft. In the calculations for the preliminary report, you may estimate the actual propeller efficiency p as follows:

-8-

p = 0.85 i for cruise and max. speed conditions; p = 0.70 i for takeoff and climb conditions. For the final design calculations presented in the Final Report, you will be required to use actual propeller design data and the calculation procedure discussed in class. 9. Calculate the engine power required to meet the top speed design specification, and correct to sea level standard day (SLSD) conditions (59 deg F; 14.67 psi). The available power at any altitude (or nonstandard conditions) may be calculated from the following formula p T BHP = BHP SL ------ ; = ----; = ---p T 0 0 where p 0 = 14.67 psi and T 0 = 518.67 R are the SLSD pressure and absolute temperature. 10. Calculate the power required to meet the takeoff specifications, as well as the R/C during climb-out, using the takeoff propeller efficiency calculated under Step. 8. (In the Preliminary Report, you may use one of the simplified calculation procedures for takeoff field length, e.g., the Hartman approximation discussed in class. In this case, you will only need to calculate the takeoff propeller efficiency at one speed, 0.707 V TO ). 11. Select an engine with sufficient power to meet both the takeoff, rate of climb, and top speed requirements. 12. Verify that the aircraft meets the ceiling specification. 13. Calculate the drag under cruise conditions. Using the cruise propeller efficiency calculated under Step 8, calculate the required power setting at the specified cruise speed. 14. Calculate the fuel required to satisfy the range specification. Also calculate the range of the aircraft corresponding to engine power settings of 65% and 75% of rated power, and the corresponding cruising speeds. 15. You now know the weights of the engine, fuel, and the payload. Using the dimensions from your 3-view drawing, compute the remaining component weights using either the Nicolai or the Cessna formulas, whichever seem more appropriate.

-9-

16. Sum the weights to obtain a new estimate of the aircraft gross takeoff weight W TO . 17. Determine the center of gravity of the aircraft, using the component weights form Step 15 and the moment arms from the drawing prepared under Step 5. The center of gravity must be calculated for each of the four loading conditions listed in Table 1 of Sec. 3 18. Calculate the static stability derivative C M

for the four loading conditions in the above

table, using the procedure discussed in class. 19. Check that the aircraft is stable in pitch by verifying that C M

is negative for all possible

loading conditions normally encountered in service. A minimum stability margin of 5% (of MAC) is recommended. If the aircraft is unstable, the aircraft layout must be revised to shift the CG forward with respect to the wing. Also check that the aircraft is trimmable in each of the four cases in Table 1. 20. You now have a new max. gross weight estimate W TO . Repeat steps 1-19 to correct any violations of design specifications, or to improve on the initial design.

Comments: Note that the above outline of the design process is best suited for the initial calculations you submit in your Preliminary Report, especially if they are carried out by hand, or by a spreadsheet program. For your final computer implementation of the design calculations and the associated iterations, you may find it expedient to alter some of these steps, and/or alter the sequence in which they are carried out. The Final Report should be organized into logical sections, according to the design tasks being discussed. Important design data and results of design iterations or optimizations should be summarized in tables or figures, wherever possible. The final operational specifications for the aircraft should be summarized in a table next to the drawings of the aircraft.

- 10 -

References 1. Bendiksen, O., MAE 154A Lecture Notes. 2. McCormick, B. W., Aerodynamics, Aeronautics, and Flight Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd ed., 1995. 3. Raymer, D. P., Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach, AIAA Education Series, AIAA, 4th ed., 2006. 4. Torenbeek, E., Synthesis of Subsonic Airplane Design, Delft University Press, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1982. 5. Nicolai, L. M., Fundamentals of Aircraft Design, University of Dayton, Ohio, 1975. 6. Perkins, C.D. and Hage, R.E., Airplane Performance, Stability and Control, John Wiley & Sons, 1949. 7. Abbott, I.H. and von Doenhoff, A.E., Theory of Wing Sections, Dover Publications, 1959. 8. FAR Part 23, Federal Aviation Administration.

APPENDIX A General Aviation Aircraft

OUTLOOK/SPECIFICATIONS

BUSINESS & GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT

GENERAL DATA DESIGNATION NO. OF SEATS WING SPAN (FT.) DIMENSIONS LENGTH HEIGHT (FT.) (FT.) WEIGHTS WING EMPTY GROSS AREA WEIGHT WEIGHT (LB.) (SQ. FT.) (LB.) POWERPLANTS NO., MODEL, MAKE & LB.-THRUST/SHP./HP. MAX. SPEED (MPH. OR MACH NO.)
NORMAL MAX. RANGE W/45 MIN. CRUISE SPEED (MPH. RESERVE (MI.) MAX RANGE OR MACH NO.) 75% POWER
(MI.) POWER

PERFORMANCE
APPROACH SPEED (MPH.) STALL SPEED (MPH.)
FAA TAKEOFF FIELD FAA LANDING FIELD LENGTH (FT.) LENGTH (FT.) TAKEOFF DISTANCE LANDING DISTANCE OVER 50 FT. OVER 50 FT. OBSTACLE (FT.) OBSTACLE (FT.)

NORMAL FUEL CAPACITY (GAL. USABLE)

STATUS/OUTLOOK

TURBOFAN
AIRBUS, Blagnac, France Airbus Corporate Jetliner 2-124 111.8 111 38.6 1,318 89,000 BAE SYSTEMS, Regional Aircraft, Hatfield, UK Avro Business Jet 8-50 86.6 93.7 28.3 832 55,350 THE BOEING CO., Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Renton, WA, USA Boeing Business Jet 2-63 117.4 110.3 41.2 1,341 94,980 Boeing Business Jet 2 2-100 117.4 129.5 41.2 1,341 101,910 BOMBARDIER AEROSPACE (Canadair), St. Laurent, Quebec, Canada Bombardier Challenger 300 8-9 63.8 68.7 20.3 522 Bombardier Challenger 601-1A 9-19 64.3 68.4 20.7 492 25,400 Bombardier Challenger 601-3A 9-19 64.3 68.4 20.7 492 25,500 Bombardier Challenger 601-3R 9-19 64.3 68.4 20.7 492 25,760 Bombardier Challenger 604 9-19 64.3 68.4 20.7 492 27,185 Bombardier Challenger 800 14-19 69.6 87.8 20.4 520.4 33,900 BOMBARDIER AEROSPACE (de Havilland), Downsview, Ontario, Canada Bombardier Global 5000 8-19 94 96.7 24.8 1,022 50,350 Bombardier Global Express 8-19 94 99.4 24.8 1,022 50,300 Bombardier Global Express XRS 8-19 94 99.4 24.8 1,022 51,500 BOMBARDIER AEROSPACE (Learjet), Wichita, KS, USA Bombardier-Learjet 31A 6-7 43.8 48.7 12.3 264.5 11,214 Bombardier-Learjet 40 7 47.8 55.5 14.1 311.6 16,000 Bombardier-Learjet 40XR 7 47.8 55.5 14.1 311.6 16,000 Bombardier-Learjet 45 8-9 47.8 57.6 14.1 311.6 16,000 Bombardier-Learjet 45XR 9 43.8 57.6 14.1 311.6 16,000 Bombardier-Learjet 60SE 8 43.8 58.7 14.7 264.5 17,000 CESSNA AIRCRAFT CO. (Div. of Textron), Wichita, KS, USA Citation Bravo 7-10 51.8 47.2 15 322.9 8,800 Citation CJ1 5-7 46.1 42.7 13.1 240 6,460 Citation CJ2 6-7 49.1 47.8 13.1 264 7,359 Citation CJ3 7-10 52.1 50.1 15.1 294 8,160 Citation Encore 7-11 54.1 48.1 15.2 322 9,977 Citation Mustang 4-6 42.3 39.1 13.9 Citation Sovereign 9-12 63.1 63.6 20.4 516 17,000 Citation X 8-12 63.7 72.4 19.2 527 19,376 Citation XLS 7-11 55.8 51.9 17.5 370 12,170 DASSAULT AVIATION, Paris, France Falcon 50EX 9-19 61.8 60.8 22.9 504.1 21,170 Falcon 900DX 12-19 63.4 66.3 24.8 527.4 23,875 Falcon 900EX 12-19 63.4 66.3 24.8 527.4 23,875 Falcon 2000 8-19 63.4 66.3 23.2 527.4 20,735 Falcon 2000EX 8-19 63.4 66.3 23.2 527.4 22,330 EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE AERONAUTICA S.A. (Embraer), So Jose dos Campos, So Paulo, Brazil Legacy Executive ERJ 135BJ 10-16 68.9 86.4 22.2 558 29,048 Legacy Shuttle ERJ 135LR 19-37 65.8 86.4 22.2 551 25,200 GENERAL DYNAMICS, Gulfstream Aerospace Corp., Savannah, GA, USA Gulfstream III 3-19 77.8 83.1 24.3 935 38,000 Gulfstream IV 3-19 77.8 88.3 24.4 950 42,500 Gulfstream IV-SP 3-19 77.8 88.3 24.4 950 42,500 Gulfstream V 3-19 93.5 96.4 25.8 1,136.5 48,000 Gulfstream G100 6-7 54.6 55.6 18.3 316.6 14,635 Gulfstream G150 6-8 55.6 56.8 19.4 15,100 Gulfstream G200 8-10 58.1 62.2 21.4 369 19,950 Gulfstream G300 11-19 77.8 88.3 24.4 950 43,000 Gulfstream G350 11-19 77.8 89.3 25.2 950 43,000 Gulfstream G400 11-19 77.8 88.3 24.4 950 43,900 Gulfstream G450 11-19 77.8 89.3 25.2 950 43,000 Gulfstream G500 14-19 93.5 96.4 25.8 1,136.5 47,800 Gulfstream G550 14-19 93.5 96.4 25.8 1,136.5 48,300
92 AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY/JANUARY 17, 2005

166,450 93,000 171,000 174,200 39,000 43,250 43,250 45,250 48,300 53,250 87,950 95,250 98,250 17,000 20,350 21,000 20,500 21,500 23,500 14,800 10,400 12,375 13,870 16,630 30,000 35,700 20,200 39,900 46,900 48,500 36,000 40,900 49,604 44,092 70,200 73,600 75,000 90,900 24,800 26,150 35,600 72,400 71,300 75,000 74,300 85,500 91,400

2 X CFM56-5B or IAE V2500/~54,000 lb. t. 4 X ASE LF507-1F/7,000 lb. t. 2 X CFM56-7B/52,800 lb. t. 2 X CFM56-7B/52,800 lb. t. 2 X Honeywell HFT7000/13,652 lb. t. 2 X GE CF34-1A/17,300 lb. t. 2 X GE CF34-3A/17,458 lb. t. 2 X GE CF34-3A1/17,458 lb. t. 2 X GE CF34-3B/18,440lb. t. 2 X GE CF34-3B1/18,440 lb. t. 2 X RR BR700-710A2-20/29,500 lb. t. 2 X RR BR700-710A2-20/29,500 lb. t. 2 X RR BR700-710A2-20/29,500 lb. t. 2 X Honeywell TFE731-2/7,000 lb. t. 2 X Honeywell TFE731-20-AR/7,000 lb. t. 2 X Honeywell TFE731-20-BR/7,000 lb. t. 2 X Honeywell TFE731-20AR/7,000 lb. t. 2 X Honeywell TFE731-20-BR/7,000 lb. t. 2 X PWC 305A/9,200 lb. t. 2 X PWC PW530A/5,770 lb. t. 2 X WM-Rolls FJ44-1A/3,800 lb. t. 2 X WM-Rolls FJ-44-2C/4,600 lb. t. 2 X WM-Rolls FJ-44-3A/5,560 lb. t. 2 X PWC PW535/6,800 lb. t. 2 X PWC 615F/2,700 lb. t. 2 X PWC PW306C/11,372 lb. t. 2 X RR AE-3007C-1/12,884 lb. t. 2 X PWC PW545A/7,608 lb. t. 3 X ASE TFE731-40/11,100 lb. t. 3 X ASE TFE731-60/15,500 lb. t. 3 X ASE TFE731-60/15,000 lb. t. 2 X CFE 738-1-18/11,836 lb. t. 2 X PWC PW308C/14,000 lb. t. 2 X RR AE3007 A1E/7,987 lb. t. 2 X RR AE3007 A1/3/7,057 lb. t. 2 X RR Spey Mk. 511-8/22,800 lb. t. 2 X RR Tay Mk. 611-8/27,700 lb. t. 2 X RR Tay Mk. 611-8/27,700 lb. t. 2 X RR BR710A1-10/29,500 lb. t. 2 X ASE TFE731-40R/8,500 lb. t. 2 X ASE TFE731-40/8,840 lb. t. 2 X PWC PW306A/12,080 lb. t. 2 X RR Tay Mk. 611-8/27,700 lb. t. 2 X RR Tay Mk. 611-8C/27,700 lb. t. 2 X RR Tay Mk. 611-8/27,700 lb. t. 2 X RR Tay Mk. 611-8C/27,700 lb. t. 2 X RR Tay BR710/30,770 lb. t. 2 X RR Tay BR710/30,770 lb. t.
www.AviationNow.com/awst

M 0.82 M 0.73 M 0.82 M 0.82 M 0.82 M 0.85 M 0.85 M 0.85 M 0.82 M 0.80 M 0.89 M 0.89 M 0.89 M 0.81 M 0.81 M 0.81 M 0.81 M 0.81 M 0.81 M 0.70 M 0.70 M 0.72 542 M 0.76 M 0.80 M 0.92 496 M 0.86 M 0.87 M 0.87 M 0.87 M 0.87 M 0.80 M 0.78 M 0.85 M 0.88 M 0.88 M 0.89 M 0.88 M 0.85 M 0.85 M 0.88 M 0.88 M 0.88 M 0.88 M 0.89 M 0.89

M 0.80 M 0.70 M 0.79 M 0.79 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.77 M 0.85 M 0.85 M 0.85 M 0.79 M 0.79 M 0.79 M 0.79 M 0.79 M 0.79 463 437 460 414 492 391 446 605 411 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.78 M 0.78 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.85 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.85 M 0.85

6,100 2,450 7,135 6,502 3,568 4,155 4,190 4,440 4,634 3,590 5,524 6,916 7,077 1,767 2,075 2,075 2,419 2,872 2,301 1,699 1,985 2,038 2,269 1,495 2,898 3,950 2,126 3,780 4,718 5,179 3,590 4,373 3,565 2,110 4,370 5,078 5,078 7,878 3,540 3,540 4,170 4,520 4,150 5,010 5,350 7,100 8,130

101 116 133 139 133 135 136 136 142 122 122 122 151 142 160 124 109 126 126 129 126 127 155 161 171 156 150 162 171 167 171 167 156 156

6,300 3,310 5,790 6,950 4,810 5,400 5,400 6,050 5,840 6,295 5,000 5,820 6,190 3,490 4,330 4,680 4,350 5,060 5,450 3,600 3,280 3,450 3,450 3,560 3,694 5,710 3,590 4,890 4,890 5,215 5,440 5,530 5,614 5,600 5,110 5,280 5,450 6,110 5,395 5,830 6,083 5,100 5,050 5,450 5,450 5,150 5,910

2,500 2,970 2,315 2,485 2,600 3,300 3,300 3,300 2,777 2,910 2,700 2,670 2,670 2,870 2,660 2,660 2,660 2,660 3,420 3,180 2,780 3,170 3,070 2,865 3,144 3,820 3,180 2,920 3,530 3,520 3,125 3,580 2,684 2,675 3,180 3,200 3,190 2,760 2,920 3,540 3,280 3,190 3,260 3,190 3,260 2,770 2,770

10,600 3,406 2,096 2,470 2,470 2,652 2,963 2,712 5,333 6,422 6,662 615.5 905 1,181 720 477 587 811 1,926 6,740 2,316 2,810 3,134 1,814 2,384 2,712 1,690 4,193 4,370 4,370 6,119 1,398 1,507 2,239 3,985 3,852 4,370 4,370 5,215 6,119

In service. Out of production. 737 derivative. 1998 certification. Entered service January 2004. Range given w/5 pax, 2 crew load. Preliminary data w/8 pax, 3 crew load. Range given w/8 pax, 4 crew load. First flight scheduled January 2005. Out of production. Entered service January 2004. Deliveries commenced in June 2004. Deliveries commenced in October 2004. In production. In production. In production. Preliminary data. In production. In production. Preliminary data. In production. In production. In production. Intercontinental range. Intercontinental range. Transpacific range. Transcontinental range. Intercontinental range. Out of production. Out of production. Out of production. Out of production. In production. Service entry planned for 2006. In production. In production. Service entry planned for 2005. In production. Service entry planned for 2005. In production. In production.

www.AviationNow.com/awst

AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY/JANUARY 17, 2005 93

OUTLOOK/SPECIFICATIONS

BUSINESS & GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT

GENERAL DATA DESIGNATION NO. OF SEATS WING SPAN (FT.) DIMENSIONS LENGTH HEIGHT (FT.) (FT.) WEIGHTS WING EMPTY GROSS AREA WEIGHT WEIGHT (LB.) (SQ. FT.) (LB.) POWERPLANTS NO., MODEL, MAKE & LB.-THRUST/SHP./HP. MAX. SPEED (MPH. OR MACH NO.)
NORMAL MAX. RANGE W/45 MIN. CRUISE SPEED (MPH. RESERVE (MI.) MAX RANGE OR MACH NO.) 75% POWER
(MI.) POWER

PERFORMANCE
APPROACH SPEED (MPH.) STALL SPEED (MPH.)
FAA TAKEOFF FIELD FAA LANDING FIELD LENGTH (FT.) LENGTH (FT.) TAKEOFF DISTANCE LANDING DISTANCE OVER 50 FT. OVER 50 FT. OBSTACLE (FT.) OBSTACLE (FT.)

NORMAL FUEL CAPACITY (GAL. USABLE)

STATUS/OUTLOOK

TURBOFAN
RAYTHEON AIRCRAFT CO., Wichita, KS, USA Hawker 400XP 2+7-9 Hawker 800XP 2+8-12 Hawker Horizon 2+8-12 Premier 1 1+6-7 SABRELINER CORP., St. Louis, MO, USA Sabreliner 40 8 Sabreliner 60 10 Sabreliner 65 10 Sabreliner 80 10 43.5 51.4 61.8 44.5 44.5 44.6 50.5 44.6 48.4 51.1 69.2 46 43.8 46.9 46.9 47.2 13.9 17.4 19.6 15.7 16 16 16 17.2 241 374 531 247 342 342 380 342 10,550 15,850 21,155 8,150 9,895 11,600 13,754 13,600 16,300 28,000 37,500 12,500 19,035 20,372 24,000 23,500 2 X PWC JT15D-5/5,930 lb. t. 2 X ASE TFE731-5BR/9,320 lb. t. 2 X PWC PW308A/13,800 lb. t. 2 X WM-Rolls FJ44-2A/4,600 lb. t. 2 X PWC JT12A-8/6,600 lb. t. 2 X PWC JT12A-8/6,600 lb. t. 2 X ASE TFE731-3R-1D/7,400 lb. t. 2 X GE CF700-2D2/9,000 lb. t. M 0.78 M 0.80 M 0.84 M 0.83 M 0.80 M 0.80 M 0.83 M 0.80 M 0.76 M 0.77 M 0.82 M 0.78 M 0.75 M 0.77 M 0.78 M 0.77 2,124 3,405 4,325 1,915 2,118 1,956 3,222 1,956 121 130 124 127 92 127 124 130 3,802 5,030 5,088 3,792 4,800 5,100 5,150 4,380 2,960 2,344 2,490 2,940 2,200 2,425 2,500 2,600 733 1,493 2,134 539 1,063 1,063 1,296 1,102 In production. In production. Preliminary data. In production. Out of production. Out of production. Out of production. Out of production.

TURBOPROP
BAE SYSTEMS, Regional Aircraft, Hatfield, UK Jetstream 32 EP 12 52 47.1 17.7 271.3 11,300 16,204 2 X ASE TPE331-12 BOMBARDIER AEROSPACE (de Havilland), Downsview, Ontario, Canada Bombardier Q200 37-39 85 73 24.5 585 23,079 36,300 2 X PWC PW123D/2,150 shp. Bombardier Q300 50-56 90 84.3 24.5 605 26,000 43,000 2 X PWC PW123B/2,500 shp. Bombardier Q400 68-78 93.3 107.8 27.4 679 37,888 64,500 2 X PWC PW150A/5,071 shp. CESSNA AIRCRAFT (Div. of Textron), Wichita, KS, USA 206B Super Cargo Master 2 52.1 41.6 15.5 279.4 4,575 8,750 1 X PWC PT6A-114A/675 shp. 208 Caravan 675 10-14 52.1 37.1 14.8 279.4 3,925 8,000 1 X PWC PT6A-114A/675 shp. 208B Grand Caravan 10-14 52.1 41.6 15.5 279.4 4,237 8,750 1 X PWC PT6A-114A/675 shp. EADS, SOCATA, Tarbes Lourdes Pyrenees Airport, France TBM 700C2 6 41.6 34.9 14.3 193.8 4,651 7,394 1 X PWC PT6A-64/700 shp. GROB AEROSPACE, Tussenhausen-Mattsies, Germany G 140TP 4 33.8 29.2 9.2 143.2 2,425 3,968 1 X RR 250-B17F/450 hp. Grob Ranger G 160 6-8 42.7 37.7 11.2 220.4 3,640 7,275 1 X PWC PT6A-42A/850 shp. IBIS AEROSPACE LTD. (Aero Vodochody and Aerospace Industrial Development Corp.), Odolena Voda, Czech Republic Ae 270 2+8 45.4 40.1 15.7 226 5,653 8,818 1 X PWC PT6A-66A/850 shp. MAULE AIR INC., Moultrie, GA, USA MT-7-420 5 32.9 24.5 8.3 165.6 1,600 2,500 1 X RR 250-B17C NEW PIPER AIRCRAFT, Vero Beach, FL, USA PA-46-500 TP Meridian 6 43 PACIFIC AEROSPACE CORP., Hamilton, New Zealand Cresco 2-8 42 PAC 750XL 2-10 42 PIAGGIO AERO INDUSTRIES, Genoa, Italy P.180 Avanti 1-2+7-9 46.1 PILATUS AIRCRAFT LTD., Stans, Switzerland PC-6 8-11 52.1 PC-12/45 11 53.3 RAYTHEON AIRCRAFT CO. (Beech), Wichita, KS, USA Beech King Air 350 1+9-15 57.9 Beech King Air B200 1+7-15 54.5 Beech King Air C90B 1+5-12 50.3 REIMS AVIATION, Reims, France Cessna F 406 Caravan 2 14 49.5 307 334 330 414 201 214 212 345 253 320 270 307 334 330 414 201 214 212 333 300 190 644 1,065 970 1,565 1,238 1,490 1,338 1,565 1,320 2,500 1,460 134 96 101 120 70 70 70 97 66 91 67 50 4,700 3,238 3,629 4,580 2,500 2,053 2,420 2,832 1,870 2,130 2,038 600 3,700 2,605 3,415 4,221 1,740 1,665 1,795 2,427 2,200 2,130 1,988 500 487 835 835 1,725 281 150 396 304 85 Out of production. Corporate/private applications. Corporate/private applications. Corporate applications. In production. In production. In production. Business. In flight test. Aerobatic. In flight test. First flight in 2000. Has nosewheel. AC version has fixed-pitch prop, spring aluminum main gear. In production. In production. In production. In production. Production on demand. In production. In production. In production. In production. Light transport.

29.6 36.1 38.8 47.3 35.9 47.3 46.7 43.8 35.5 39

11.3 11.8 13.3 13.1 10.6 14 14.3 14.8 14.3 13.2

183 294 305 172.2 324.5 277.8 303 303 294 252.8

3,395 2,950 3,100 7,850 2,800 5,732 9,440 8,420 6,810 5,033

5,134 8,250 7,500 11,600 6,173 9,920 15,000 12,500 10,100 9,925

1 X PWC PT6A-42A/500 shp. 1 X PWC PT6A-34/750 shp. 1 X PWC PT6A-34/750 shp. 2 X PWC PT6A-66/850 shp. 1 X PWC PT6A-27/550 shp. 1 X PWC PT6A-67B/1,200 shp. 2 X PWC PT6A-60A/2,100 shp. 2 X PWC PT6A-42/1,700 shp. 2 X PWC PT6A-21/1,100 shp. 2 X PW PT6A-112/1,000 shp.

299 202 202 455 165 276 359 336 283 283

299 160 192 415 155 310 359 336 283 265

1,155 582 2,013 495 2,200 2,335 2,345 1,640 1,990

92 66 68 107 60 75 115 119 116 90

1,700 1,800 1,695 2,850 1,558 2,300 3,300 2,579 2,710 2,635

1,020 1,400 1,800 2,860 1,033 1,830 2,390 2,845 2,290 2,212

170 132 221 418 172 500 539 544 384 475

RECIPROCATING ENGINE-POWERED
AMERICAN CHAMPION AIRCRAFT CORP., Rochester, WI, USA Citabria Adventure 7GCAA 2 33.5 22.1 Citabria Aurora 7ECA 2 33.5 22.1 Citabria Explorer 7GCBC 2 34.5 22.1 Scout 8GCBC 2 36.2 23 Super Decathlon 8KCAB 2 32 22.9 7.7 7.7 7.7 9.7 7.7 165 165 171.9 180 169.1 1,200 1,120 1,250 1,400 1,340 1,750 1,750 1,800 2,150 1,800 1 X Lyc. 0-320-B2B 1 X Lyc. 0-235-K2C 1 X Lyc. 0-320-B2B 1 X Lyc. 0-360-C1G 1 X Lyc. AEI0-360-H1B
www.AviationNow.com/awst

162 162 162 162 200

132 120 132 140 147

418 586 397 806 500

52 52 46 49 53

630 890 525 1,245 833

850 885 740 1,055 1,023

35 35 35 70 40

Personal/sport. Primary trainer. Personal/sport. Utility. Aerobatic trainer.

94 AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY/JANUARY 17, 2005

www.AviationNow.com/awst

AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY/JANUARY 17, 2005 95

OUTLOOK/SPECIFICATIONS

BUSINESS & GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT

GENERAL DATA DESIGNATION NO. OF SEATS WING SPAN (FT.) DIMENSIONS LENGTH HEIGHT (FT.) (FT.) WEIGHTS WING EMPTY GROSS AREA WEIGHT WEIGHT (LB.) (LB.) (SQ.FT.) POWERPLANTS NO., MODEL, MAKE & LB.-THRUST/SHP./HP. MAX. SPEED (MPH. OR MACH NO.)
NORMAL MAX. RANGE W/45 MIN. CRUISE SPEED (MPH. RESERVE (MI.) MAX RANGE OR MACH NO.) 75% POWER
(MI.) POWER

PERFORMANCE
APPROACH SPEED (MPH.) STALL SPEED (MPH.)
FAA TAKEOFF FIELD FAA LANDING FIELD LENGTH (FT.) LENGTH (FT.) TAKEOFF DISTANCE LANDING DISTANCE OVER 50 FT. OVER 50 FT. OBSTACLE (FT.) OBSTACLE (FT.)

NORMAL FUEL CAPACITY (GAL. USABLE)

STATUS/OUTLOOK

RECIPROCATING ENGINE-POWERED
APEX AIRCRAFT, Darois, France Alpha 120T 2 27.3 23.3 7 140 Alpha 160A 2 27.4 23.3 7 140 DR 400/120 Dauphin 2+2 3-4 28.7 22.8 7.4 146.4 DR 400/140B Dauphin 4 28.7 22.8 7.4 146.4 DR 400/160 Major 4 28.7 22.8 7.4 153 DR 400/180 Regent 4 28.7 23 7.4 153 DR 400/180R Remorqueur 4 28.7 23 7.4 146.4 DR 400/200R 4 28.7 23 7.4 DR 400/500 President 4-5 28.7 23.2 7.3 153 CESSNA AIRCRAFT CO. (Div. of Textron), Single Engine Div., Independence, KS, USA Skyhawk 172R 4 36.1 27.2 8.9 174 Skyhawk 172S 4 36.1 27.2 8.9 174 Skylane 182S 4 36 29 9.3 174 Skylane T182T 4 36 29 9.3 174 Stationair 206H 6 36 28.3 9.3 174 Turbo Stationair T206H 6 36 28.3 9.3 174 CIRRUS DESIGN CORP., Duluth, MN, USA SR20 4 35.5 26 9.2 135.2 SR22 4 38.3 26 8.8 144.9 COMMANDER AIRCRAFT CO., Bethany, OK, USA 115 4-5 32.8 24.9 8.6 152 115TC 4-5 32.8 24.9 8.6 152 EADS, SOCATA, Le Bourget Airport, France TB9 Tampico GT 4 32.8 25.3 9.9 128.1 TB10 Tobago GT 5 32.8 25.3 9.9 128.1 TB20 Trinidad GT 5 32.7 25.3 9.4 128.1 TB21 Trinidad GT Turbo 5 32.7 25.3 9.4 128.1 TB200 Tobago GT 5 32.8 25.3 9.9 128.1 GROB AEROSPACE, Tussenhausen-Mattsies, Germany G 115E/EG 32.8 25.6 9.2 131.3 G 120A 33.5 25.6 8.7 143.2 LIBERTY AEROSPACE, Melbourne, FL, USA Liberty XL2 2 28 20.5 7.3 112 MAULE AIR INC., Moutrie, GA, USA M-7-235B 5 32.9 23.7 6.3 165.6 M-7-260 MT-7-235 MT-7-260 MX-7-160 MX-7-180A MX-7-180B MXT-7-160 MXT-7-180A 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 6.3 8.3 8.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 8.3 8.3 165.6 165.6 165.6 165.6 165.6 165.6 165.6 165.6 1,190 1,984 1,235 1,764/1,964 1,212 1,984 1,278 2,205 1,318 2,315 1,345 2,425 1,305 2,205 1,433 2,425 2,535 1,642 1,644 1,924 2,023 2,176 2,293 2,050 2,250 2,102 2,152 1,426 1,543 1,764 1,860 1,576 1,565 2,271 1,053 1,605 1,610 1,665 1,696 1,370 1,402 1,438 1,456 1,505 2,457 2,558 3,110 3,112 3,614 3,617 3,000 3,400 3,260 3,305 2,337 2,535 3,086 3,086 2,535 2,183 3,175 1,653 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,200 2,400 2,500 2,200 2,400 1 X Lyc. 0-235-L2A 1 X Lyc. 0-320-D2A 1 X Lyc. O-235-L2A 1 X Lyc. O-320-D2A 1 X Lyc. O-320 1 X Lyc. O-360-A3A 1 X Lyc. O-360-A3A 1 X Lyc. IO-360-A1B6 1 X Lyc. IO-360-A1B6 1 X Lyc. IO-360-L2A/160 hp. 1 X Lyc. IO-360-L2A/180 hp. 1 X Lyc. IO-540-AB1A5/230 hp. 1 X Lyc. TIO-540-AK1A/235 hp. 1 X Lyc. IO-540-AC1A5/300 hp. 1 X Lyc. TIO-540-AJ1A/310 hp. 1 X Con. IO-360-ES/200 hp. 1 X Con. IO-555-N/310 hp. 1 X Lyc. IO-540-T4B5/260 hp. 1 X Lyc. IO-540-AG1A/270 hp. 1 X Lyc. 0-320-D2A 1 X Lyc. O-360-A1AD 1 X Lyc. IO-540-C4D5D 1 X Lyc. TIO-540-AB1AD 1 X Lyc. IO-360-A1B6 1 X Lyc. AEIO-360-B1F/B/180 hp. 1 X Lyc. AEIO-540-D4D5/260 hp. 1 X Con. IOF-240B/125 hp. 1 X Lyc. 0-540-B4B5 or IO-540-W1A5 1 X Lyc. IO-540-V4A5 1 X Lyc. 0-540-B4B5 or IO-540-W1A5 1 X Lyc. IO-540-V4A5 1 X Lyc. 0-320-B2D 1 X Lyc. 0-360-C4F 1 X Lyc. 0-360-C1F 1 X Lyc. 0-320-B2D 1 X Lyc. 0-360-C4F 180 205 150 164 202 173 168 191 169 142 145 173 203 174 205 190 214 188 215 132 146 187 218 150 155 199 150 130 151 133 135 152 161 143 155 158 140 143 167 183 164 189 184 209 184 215 132 146 187 218 132 120 160 164 160 164 120 135 145 120 135 640 529 575 534 950 903 490 469 1,127 668 596 944 867 697 654 920 1,070 1,156 1,001 650 802 1,277 1,191 733 506 740 575 52 53 51 54 58 59 54 56 63 59 61 47 47 51 54 62 67 62 68 77 84 86 86 84 60 63 58 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 45 40 1,608 1,755 1,591 1,936 2,000 1,312 1,312 850 1,685 1,630 1,514 1,385 1,860 1,740 1,958 1,574 1,145 1,408 1,870 1,657 2,150 1,953 1,560 1,510 2,150 1,496 600 600 600 600 1,180 1,150 600 1,180 1,150 1,575 1,510 1,541 1,788 1,739 1,542 1,360 1,295 1,335 1,350 1,350 1,395 1,395 2,040 2,325 720 734 1,378 1,509 1,820 1,770 1,474 1,500 1,845 1,420 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 31.6 31.6 29 29 50.2 50.2 29 29 72.6 53 53 87 87 88 88 56 81 88 88 40.2 53.8 86.2 86.2 53.8 37.8 56.6 28.5 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 Basic trainer. Aerobatic trainer. Lyc. AEIO 320 engine optional. Trainer. Trainer. Touring/sport. Touring/sport. Glider towing. Glider towing. Touring/sport. In production. In production. In production. In production. Turbocharged. In production. In production. Turbocharged. In production. In production. In production. In production. Trainer. Touring/trainer. Business/trainer. Business. Touring/trainer. In production. Fully aerobatic. In production. Fully aerobatic. In production. First delivery scheduled end of 2004. B version has oleo strut main gear; C version has spring aluminum main gear. C version has spring aluminum main gear. Has nosewheel. Has nosewheel. C version has spring aluminum main gear. A denotes fixed-pitch prop; AC version has spring aluminum main gear. C version has spring alum. main gear; B, oleo strut. Has nosewheel. Has nosewheel, fixed-pitch prop. -180 has nose wheel, constant speed prop. C version has spring aluminum main gear. DX has GNS 430 & 530 displays. GX has integrated glass flight deck and G1000 suite. ER has increased fuel capacity of 102 gal.

MOONEY AEROSPACE GROUP, LTD., Mooney Airplane Co., Kerrville, TX, USA Bravo DX/GX/ER Ovation 2 DX/GX/ER 4 4 36.1 36.1 26.8 26.8 8.3 8.3 174.8 174.8 2,268 2,225 3,368 3,368 1 X Lyc. TIO-540-AF1B/270 hp. 1 X Con. IO-550-G/280 hp. 253 220 253 220 830 1,115 80 80 1,000 1,600 2,200 2,250 89 89

96 AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY/JANUARY 17, 2005

www.AviationNow.com/awst

www.AviationNow.com/awst

AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY/JANUARY 17, 2005 97

OUTLOOK/SPECIFICATIONS

BUSINESS & GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT

GENERAL DATA DESIGNATION NO. OF SEATS WING SPAN (FT.) DIMENSIONS WEIGHTS POWERPLANTS NO., MODEL, MAKE & LB.-THRUST/SHP./HP. MAX. SPEED (MPH. OR MACH NO.)
NORMAL MAX. RANGE W/45 MIN. CRUISE SPEED (MPH. RESERVE (MI.) MAX RANGE OR MACH NO.) 75% POWER
(MI.) POWER

PERFORMANCE
APPROACH SPEED (MPH.) STALL SPEED (MPH.)
FAA TAKEOFF FIELD FAA LANDING FIELD LENGTH (FT.) LENGTH (FT.) TAKEOFF DISTANCE LANDING DISTANCE OVER 50 FT. OVER 50 FT. OBSTACLE (FT.) OBSTACLE (FT.)

LENGTH HEIGHT WING EMPTY GROSS AREA WEIGHT WEIGHT (FT.) (FT.) (LB.) (LB.) (SQ.FT.)

NORMAL FUEL CAPACITY (GAL. USABLE)

STATUS/OUTLOOK

RECIPROCATING ENGINE-POWERED
NEW PIPER AIRCRAFT INC., Vero Beach, FL, USA PA-28-161 Warrior 3 4 35 PA-28-181 Archer 3 4 35.5 PA-28R-201 Arrow 4 35.4 PA-32R-301 Saratoga 2 HP 6 36.2 PA-32R-301T Saratoga 2 TC 6 36.2 PA-34-220T Seneca 5 6 38.9 PA-44-180 Seminole 4 38.6 PA-46-350P Mirage 6 43 PACIFIC AEROSPACE CORP., Hamilton, New Zealand CT/4E Airtrainer 2-3 26 RAYTHEON AIRCRAFT CO. (Beech), Wichita, KS, USA Beech Baron 58 6 37.8 Beech Bonanza A36 6 33.5 VULCANAIR SPA., Casoria (Naples), Italy P68 Observer2 6 39.4 P68C 6 39.4 P68C-TC/Observer 6 39.4 23.8 24 24.7 27.9 27.9 28.6 27.6 28.9 23.6 29.8 27.5 30.9 31.3 31.3 7.3 7.3 7.9 8.5 8.5 9.9 8.5 11.3 8.5 9.8 8.6 11.2 11.2 11.2 170 171.8 170 178.3 178.3 208.7 183.8 175 129 199 180 200.2 200.2 200.2 1,533 1,682 1,789 2,398 2,473 3,382 2,587 3,107 1,680 3,890 2,531 2,910 2,910 2,976 2,440 2,550 2,750 3,600 3,600 4,750 3,800 4,340 2,600 5,500 3,650 4,630 4,630 4,630 1 X Lyc. O-320-D3G/160 hp. 1 X Lyc. O-360-A4M/180 hp. 1 X Lyc. IO-360-C1C6/200 hp. 1 X Lyc. IO-540-K1G5/300 hp. 1 X Lyc. TIO-540-AH1A/300 hp. 2 X Con. TS10-360RB or L/TS10-360-RB/440 hp. 2 X Lyc. O-360-A1 H6/360 hp. 1 X Lyc. TIO-540-AE2A/350 hp. 1 X Lyc. AEIO-540-L1B5/300 hp. 2 X Con. IO-550-C/600 hp. 1 X Con. IO-550-B/300 hp. 2 X Lyc. IO-360-A1B6/200 hp. 2 X Lyc. IO-360-A1B6/200 hp. 2 X Lyc. TIO-360-C1A6D/210 hp. 132 153 167 201 215 251 193 254 241 200 174 173 173 173 132 147 158 191 201 219 186 245 171 193 163 170 170 170 590 601 1,013 988 1,093 935 886 1,548 598 1,805 1,070 2,965 2,965 2,965 57 53 63 73 73 70 63 67 62 86 59 57 57 57 1,620 1,608 1,600 1,770 1,810 1,707 2,200 2,090 1,300 2,300 1,913 1,312 1,312 1,361 1,160 1,400 1,520 1,520 1,700 2,180 1,490 1,960 1,200 2,450 1,450 1,968 1,968 1,968 48 48 72 102 102 122 108 120 52 55.5 177 177 177 In production. In production. In production. In production. In production. In production. In production. In production. In production. Aerobatic trainer. In production. In production. In production. Patrol. Diesel version in development. In production. Trainer/business. Diesel in development. In production. Business. Turbocharged.

Abbreviations: ASEformerly AlliedSignal Engines, now Honeywell; CFECFE Co.; CFMCFM International; Con.Teledyne Continental; GEGeneral Electric; Lyc.Lycoming;

PWCPratt & Whitney Canada; RRRolls-Royce; WMWilliams International.

END OF TABLE
RAYTHEON AIRCRAFT

END OF TABLE
GULFSTREAM AEROSPACE

The Raytheon Hawker 400XP has proven popular with fractional ownership operators of business aircraft.

The Gulfstream G550 long-range business jet has set numerous speed records and won the Collier trophy.

98 AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY/JANUARY 17, 2005

www.AviationNow.com/awst

www.AviationNow.com/awst

AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY/JANUARY 17, 2005 99

Cessna Skyhawk. Put FUN into Fundamentals.

http://skyhawk.cessna.com/

SUNDAY | January 14, 2007

> Contact Us

Cessna News: Cessna Delivers First Citation Mustang

Cessna Events Schedule

1 of 1

1/14/07 1:16 PM

Cessna Skyhawk. Put FUN into Fundamentals.

http://skyhawk.cessna.com/spec_general_print.chtml

All information herein applies to the Skyhawk (Model 172R). The Skyhawk aircraft is an all-metal, single-engine piston, high-wing monoplane with a four-person seating capacity including a crew of one or two. Suitable allowance for luggage is provided. The Model 172R is certified to the requirements of U.S. FAA Federal Aviation Regulation Part 23 through amendment 23-6, including day, night, VFR and IFR.

English

Metric

Baggage Door Height (front) Height (rear) Width Cabin Height (max) Length (firewall to aft baggage area) Width Cabin Door Height (front) Height (rear) Width (top) Width (bottom) Overall Height (max) Overall Length Wing Span (overall) Area

22" 21" 15.3"

0.56 m 0.53 m 0.39 m

48" 142" 39.5"

1.22 m 3.61 m 1.00 m

40.5" 39" 32.5" 37" 8'11" 27'2"

1.03 m 0.99 m 0.83 m 0.94 m 2.72 m 8.28 m

36'1" 174 sq ft

11.00 m 16.2 sq m

English

Metric

Baggage Allowance Fuel Capacity

120 lbs

54 kg

1 of 2

1/14/07 1:19 PM

Cessna Skyhawk. Put FUN into Fundamentals.

http://skyhawk.cessna.com/spec_general_print.chtml

Total capacity Total usable Total capacity each tank Total usable capacity each tank Landing Weight Normal category Utility category Maximum Useful Load Normal category Utility category Oil Capacity Sump Total capacity Ramp Weight Normal category Utility category Standard Empty Weight Normal category Takeoff Weight Normal category Utility category

56.0 gal 53.0 gal 28.0 gal 26.5 gal

212 liters 200.6 liters 106 liters 100.3 liters

2,450 lbs 2,100 lbs 1,111 kg 953 kg 818 lbs 468 lbs 371 kg 212 kg 8 qts 9 qts 7.6 liters 8.5 liters 2,457 lbs 2,107 lbs 1,115 kg 956 kg 1,639 lbs 743 kg 2,450 lbs 2,100 lbs 1,111 kg 953 kg

Notes: 1. Standard empty weight based upon: a) 0.6 mil primer on all details, 0.6 mil primer on all exterior surfaces and 2.0 mil paint on all exterior surfaces. b) Engineering defined standard aircraft. 01/25/06 Page 2 of 4

2 of 2

1/14/07 1:19 PM

Cessna Skyhawk. Put FUN into Fundamentals.

http://skyhawk.cessna.com/spec_performance_print.chtml

All estimated performance data are based on airplane weights at 2,450 pounds; standard atmospheric conditions; level, hard-surface, dry runways; and no wind. They are calculated values derived from flight tests conducted by The Cessna Aircraft Company under carefully documented conditions and will vary with individual airplanes and numerous factors affecting flight performance.
English Metric

Cruise * 60% power at 10,000 ft time range Cruise * 80% power at 8,000 ft range time Engine: Textron Lycoming IO-360-L2A 160 BHP at 2,400 RPM Landing Performance Ground roll Total distance over 50 ft obstacle Power Loading Propeller: 2-bladed Fixed Pitch, Diameter Rate of Climb at Sea Level Service Ceiling Speed Maximum at sea level Cruise, 80% power at 8,000 ft Stall Speed, CAS Flaps up, power off Flaps down, power off Takeoff Performance Ground roll Takeoff Performance Total distance over 50 ft obstacle Wing Loading

6.6 hr 687nm

(1,272 km)

580nm 4.8 hr

(1,074 km)

550 ft 1,295 ft 15.3 lbs/hp 75 in 720 fpm 13,500 ft

(168 m) (395 m) (6.9 kg/hp) (1.91 m) (219 mpm) (4,115 m)

123 kts 122 kts

(228 kph) (226 kph)

51 knots 47 knots

(94 kph) (87 kph)

945 ft

(288 m)

1,685 ft 14.1 lbs/sq ft

(514 m) (68.9kg/sqm)

01/25/06 Page 3 of 4 * Recommended lean mixture with fuel allowance for engine start, taxi, takeoff, climb and 45-minute reserve) 53 gallons usable fuel

1 of 1

1/14/07 1:26 PM

Cessna SkyhawkSP. Your Next Wingtips.

http://skyhawksp.cessna.com/

SUNDAY | January 14, 2007

> Contact Us

Cessna News: LSA Concept Meet Company Expectations

Cessna Events Schedule

1 of 1

1/14/07 1:27 PM

Cessna SkyhawkSP. Your Next Wingtips.

http://skyhawksp.cessna.com/spec_general_print.chtml

All information herein applies to the Skyhawk SP (Model 172S). The Skyhawk SP aircraft is an all-metal, single-engine piston, high-wing monoplane with a four-person seating capacity including a crew of one or two. Suitable allowance for luggage is provided. The Model 172S is certified to the requirements of U.S. FAA Federal Aviation Regulation Part 23 through amendment 23-6, including day, night, VFR and IFR.

English

Metric

Baggage Door Height (front) Height (rear) Width Cabin Height (max) Length (firewall to aft baggage area) Width Cabin Door Height (front) Height (rear) Width (top) Width (bottom) Overall Height (max) Overall Length Wing Span (overall) Area

22" 21" 15.3"

0.56 m 0.53 m 0.39 m

48" 142" 39.5"

1.22 m 3.61 m 1.00 m

40.5" 39" 32.5" 37" 8'11" 27'2"

1.03 m 0.99 m 0.83 m 0.94 m 2.72 m 8.28 m

36'1" 174 sq ft

11.00 m 16.2 sq m

English

Metric

Baggage Allowance Fuel Capacity Total capacity Total usable Total capacity each tank Total usable capacity each tank Landing Weight

120 lbs

54 kg

56.0 gal 53.0 gal 28 gal 26.5 gal

212 liters 200.6 liters 106 liters 100.3 liters

1 of 2

1/14/07 1:34 PM

Cessna SkyhawkSP. Your Next Wingtips.

http://skyhawksp.cessna.com/spec_general_print.chtml

Normal category Utility category Maximum Useful Load Normal category Utility category Oil Capacity Sump Total capacity Ramp Weight Normal category Utility category Standard Empty Weight Takeoff Weight Normal category Utility category

2,550 lbs 2,200 lbs

1,157 kg 998 kg

895 lbs 545 lbs

405 kg 246 kg

8 qts 9 qts

7.6 liters 8.5 liters

2,558 lbs 2,208 lbs 1,663 lbs

1,160 kg 1,002 kg 755 kg

2,550 lbs 2,200 lbs

1,157 kg 998 kg

01/25/06

Page 2 of 4

2 of 2

1/14/07 1:34 PM

Cessna SkyhawkSP. Your Next Wingtips.

http://skyhawksp.cessna.com/spec_perf.chtml

SUNDAY | January 14, 2007

All estimated performance data are based on airplane weights at 2,550 pounds; standard atmospheric conditions; level, hard-surface, dry runways; and no wind. They are calculated values derived from flight tests conducted by Cessna Aircraft Company under carefully documented conditions and will vary with individual airplanes, pilots, and numerous factors affecting flight performance.
English Metric

Cruise * 45% power at 10,000 ft range time Cruise * 75% power at 8,500 ft range time Engine: Textron Lycoming IO-360-L2A 180 BHP at 2,700 RPM Landing Performance Ground roll Total distance over 50 ft obstacle Power Loading Propeller: 2-Bladed Fixed Pitch, Diameter Rate of Climb at Sea Level Service Ceiling Speed Maximum at sea level Cruise, 75% power at 8,500 ft Stall Speed, CAS Flaps up, power off Flaps down, power off Takeoff Performance Ground roll Total distance over 50 ft obstacle Wing Loading

638nm 6.72 hr

(1,182 km)

518nm 4.26 hr

(959 km)

575 ft 1,335 ft 14.2 lb/hp 76 in 730 fpm 14,000 ft

(175 m) (407 m) (6.4 kg/hp) (1.9 m) (223 mpm) (4,267 m)

126 kts 124 kts

(233 kph) (230 kph)

53 knots 48 knots

(98 kph) (89 kph)

960 ft 1,630 ft 14.7 lb/sq ft

(293 m) (497 m) (71.8kg/sqm)

01/25/06 * Recommended lean mixture with fuel allowance for engine start, taxi, takeoff, climb and 45-minute reserve) 53 gallons usable fuel

1 of 2

1/14/07 1:32 PM

Cessna Skylane. Redefining the SUV.

http://skylane.cessna.com/

SUNDAY | January 14, 2007

> Contact Us

Cessna News: Cessna to Celebrate 80th Anniversary in 2007

Cessna Events Schedule

1 of 1

1/14/07 1:35 PM

Cessna Skylane. Redefining the SUV.

http://skylane.cessna.com/spec_general_print.chtml

All estimated performance data are based on airplane weights at 3,100 pounds; standard atmospheric conditions; level, hard-surface, dry runways; and no wind. They are calculated values derived from flight tests conducted by Cessna Aircraft Company under carefully documented conditions and will vary with individual airplanes, pilots, and numerous other factors affecting flight performance.

English

Metric

Baggage Door Height (front) Width Height (rear) Cabin Height (max) Length (firewall to aft baggage area) Width Cabin Door Height (front) Width (top) Width (bottom) Height (rear) Overall Height (max) Overall Length Wing Span (overall) Area

22" 15.8" 20.5"

0.56 m 0.40 m .52 m

48.5" 134" 42"

1.23 m 3.40 m 1.07 m

41" 32" 36.5" 38.5" 9'4" 29'0"

1.04 m 0.81 m 0.93 m .98 m 2.84 m 8.84 m

36'0" 174 sq ft

10.97 m 16.2 sq m

English

Metric

Baggage Allowance Fuel Capacity Total capacity Total usable Total capacity each tank Total usable capacity each tank Maximum Landing Weight Maximum Ramp Weight Maximum Takeoff Weight

200 lbs

91 kg

92 gal 88 gal 44 gal 43.5 gal 2,950 lbs 3,110 lbs 3,100 lbs

348.2 liters 329.3 liters 166.5 liters 164.6 liters 1,338 kg 1,411 kg 1,406 kg

1 of 2

1/14/07 1:36 PM

Cessna Skylane. Redefining the SUV.

http://skylane.cessna.com/spec_general_print.chtml

Maximum Useful Load Normal category Oil Capacity Sump Total Capacity Standard Empty Weight

1,140 lbs

517 kg

8 qts 9 qts 1,970 lbs

7.5 liters 8.5 liters 894 kg

01/27/06

Page 2 of 4

2 of 2

1/14/07 1:36 PM

Cessna Skylane. Redefining the SUV.

http://skylane.cessna.com/spec_perf.chtml

SUNDAY | January 14, 2007

All information herein applies to the Skylane (Model 182T). The Skylane aircraft is an all-metal, single-engine piston, high-wing monoplane with a four-person seating capacity including a crew of one or two. Suitable allowance for luggage is provided. The Model 182T is certified to the requirements of U.S. FAA Federal Aviation Regulation Part 23 through amendment 23-6, including day, night, VFR and IFR.
English Metric

Cruise * 55% power at 10,000 ft range time Cruise * 80% power at 7,000 ft range time Engine: Textron Lycoming IO-540-AB1A5 230 BHP at 2,400 RPM Landing Performance Ground roll Total distance over 50 ft obstacle Power Loading Propeller: 3-Bladed Constant Speed, Diameter Rate of Climb at Sea Level Service Ceiling Speed Maximum at sea level Cruise, 80% power at 7,000 ft Stall Speed, CAS Flaps up, power off Flaps down, power off

930nm 7.60 hr

(1,722 km)

773 nm 5.4 hr

(1,432 km)

590 ft 1,350 ft 13.5 lbs/hp 79 in 924 fpm 18,100 ft

(180 m) (411 m) (6.1 kg/hp) (2.01 m) (282 mpm) (5,517 m)

150 kts 145 kts

(276 kph) (268 kph)

54 knots 49 knots

(100 kph) (91 kph)

1 of 2

1/14/07 1:37 PM

Cessna Skylane. Redefining the SUV.

http://skylane.cessna.com/spec_perf.chtml

Takeoff Performance Ground roll Total distance over 50 ft obstacle Wing Loading

795 ft 1,514 ft 17.8 lbs/sq ft

(242 m) (461 m) (86.9kg/sqm)

01/27/06 * Recommended lean mixture with fuel allowance for engine start, taxi, takeoff, climb and 45-minute reserve) 88 gallons usable fuel Cessna News: Cessna Scores Recent 172 Sales in Europe Cessna Events Schedule

2 of 2

1/14/07 1:37 PM

The New Piper Aircraft, Inc. - Arrow

Page 1 of 2

Piper > Aircraft > Arrow : Home

Simplicity and ability. A standout in many settings, the Arrow wears the hat of trainer, business, commercial, and pleasure aircraft. How? Because its retractable, fast, smooth, and easy to fly. Its superior quality and reliability have made it a staple craft in Pipers fleet for 30 years. Popular worldwide with training facilities, Arrow is also an aircraft that flight school graduates often purchase for their own use. Upgrade your avionics suite to include the Avidyne Flight Max Entegra Integrated Flight Deck. Featuring two large, 10.4" flat panel, full color displays for the Primary Function Display (PFD) and Multi-Function Display (MFD).
l l l

The PFD displays all necessary flight instruments, as well as an Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (EHSI). The MFD features a moving map, flight plan information, and Engine Indicating and Crew Alert System (EICAS). Second GNS 430 GPS.

For unparalleled situational awareness, add a Stormscope, Skywatch, and Weather Datalink. 200 hp Lycoming engine All-metal, ergonomically sound instrument panel

file://C:\Mae154a\2007\The%20New%20Piper%20Aircraft,%20Inc.%20-%20Arrow.html

1/15/07

Performance and Specifications

ENGINE
Manufacturer Model Horsepower Lycoming IO-360-C1C6 200 hp

WEIGHTS
Maximum Take-off Weight Maximum Ramp Weight Standard Equipped Weight Standard Useful Load (a and b) 2,750 lbs/1,247 kg 2,758 lbs/1,251 kg 1,795 lbs/814 kg 963 lbs/437 kg

a. Standard useful load is maximum ramp weight minus standard equipped weight. b. Useful load is indicated for a standard equipped aircraft.

DIMENSIONS
Wing Span Length Height Wing Area 35.4 ft/10.8 m 24.7 ft/7.5 m 7.9 ft/2.4 m 170 ft 2/15.79 m 2

FUEL CAPACITY
Usable Fuel 72 gal/273 liters

MAXIMUM SPEED

TAS

Gross Weight, Best Power Mixture 145 kts/269 km/h

CRUISING SPEED

TAS

75% Power, Best Power Mixture 137 kts/254 km/h

A R R O W
2 0 0 6 P R O D U C T I N F O R M A T I O N
CRUISING RANGE
45 min. reserves at 55% power 880 nm/1,630 km @ 9,000 ft, peak EGT mixture P A 2 8 R 2 0 1

STALL SPEED
Flaps Full Down 40

IAS
53 kias/98 km/h 55 kcas/102 kn/h

SERVICE CEILING
(100 FPM) 16,200 ft/4,983 m

TAKE-OFF DISTANCE
Total over 50 ft Obstacle 1,600 ft/487 m

LANDING DISTANCE
Total over 50 ft Obstacle 1,520 ft/463 m

200 7 P r i c i n g a n d P e r f o r m a n c e Specifications A R C H E R III

Dimensions
Wing Span Length Height 35.5 ft / 10.8 m 24.0 ft / 7.32 m 7.3 ft / 2.2 m

Fuel Capacity
Useable 48 US gal / 182 liters TAS 128 kts / 237 km/h

Cruising Speed
75% Power, 7,900 ft. Best Power Mixture

Cruising Range
Includes 45 minute fuel reserve plus allowance for fuel used during taxi, take-off, climb and descent. Cruise Power 75% @ sea level 444 nm / 822 km 65% @ sea level 487 nm / 902 km 55% @ sea level 522 nm / 967 km 180 hp 4

Engine
Manufacturer: Lycoming Model: O-360-A4M Horsepower Number of Cylinders

Service Ceiling
(100 fpm) 14,100 ft / 4,298 m

Propeller
Manufacturer: Sensenich Number of Blades Type 2 Fixed Pitch

Take-off Distance
Ground Roll Total over 50 ft Obstacle Flaps 25, 2,550 lbs 1,135 ft / 346 m 1,608 ft / 490 m

Avionics
Garmin GNS-430 COMM/NAV/GS/GPS Garmin GI-106A VOR/LOC/GS/GPS Indicator Garmin GTX-330 Transponder Garmin GMA-340 Audio Panel

Landing Distance
Ground Roll Total over 50 ft Obstacle 920 ft / 280 m 1,400 ft / 427 m

Weights
Maximum Take-off Weight Maximum Ramp Weight Standard Equipped Weight Standard Useful Load 2,550 lbs / 1,157 kg 2,558 lbs / 1,160 kg 1,680 lbs / 762 kg 878 lbs / 398 kg

Standard Equipped List Price: $229,200

Includes all listed standard equipment, FLY-AWAY-FACTORY (F.A.F.) Vero Beach, FL Dealer delivery and local taxes extra.

200 7 P r i c i n g a n d P e r f o r m a n c e Specifications W A R R I OR III

Dimensions
Wing Span Length Height 35.0 ft / 10.7 m 23.8 ft / 7.3 m 7.3 ft / 2.2 m

Fuel Capacity
Useable 48 US gal / 182 liters TAS 115 kts / 217 km/h TAS

Cruising Speed
75% Power

Cruising Range

Engine
Manufacturer: Lycoming Model: O-320-D3G Horsepower Number of Cylinders 160 hp 4

45 min. reserves at 55% Power 513 nm / 950 km plus @10,000 ft best economy mixture Includes 45 minute fuel reserve plus allowance for fuel used during taxi, take-off, climb and descent.

Service Ceiling
(100 fpm) 11,000 ft / 3,353 m

Take-off Distance
Total over 50 ft obstacle Flaps 25 1,620 ft / 494 m

Propeller
Manufacturer: Sensenich Number of Blades Type 2 Fixed Pitch

Landing Distance
Total over 50 ft obstacle 1,160 ft / 353 m

Avionics
Garmin GNS-430 COMM/NAV/GS/GPS Garmin GI-106A VOR/LOC/GS/GPS Indicator Garmin GTX-330 Transponder Garmin GMA-340 Audio Panel

Weights
Maximum Take-off Weight Maximum Ramp Weight Standard Equipped Weight Standard Useful Load 2,440 lbs / 1,107 kg 2,447 lbs / 1,110 kg 1,539 lbs / 698 kg 908 lbs / 412 kg

Standard Equipped List Price: $201,400

Includes all listed standard equipment, FLY-AWAY-FACTORY (F.A.F.) Vero Beach, FL Dealer delivery and local taxes extra.

APPENDIX B U.S. Reciprocating Engines

APPENDIX C Component Weight Estimates (Nicolai)

APPENDIX D Component Weight Estimates (Cessna)