E Cre

E-mail: eit@eit.edu.au Web Site: www.eit.edu.
au

AUSTRALIA CANADA IRELAND MALAYSIA NEW ZEALAND SINGAPORE SOUTH AFRICA UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES
1
Graduate Certificate of
Renewable Energy Technologies

uiauuate Ceitificate of Renewable
Eneigy Technologies

ILLkI8LL, LIVL AND IN1LkAC1IVL CNLINL LLAkNING

LLAkN IkCM INDUS1k LkLk1S WI1n kLAL-WCkLD LkLkILNCL

What ou W||| Ga|n:

Advanced skllls and know-how ln Lhe laLesL advanced Lechnologles ln power generaLlon Lhrough
8enewable Lnergy Lechnologles, for professlonal or hlghly-skllled work and/or furLher learnlng
CredlblllLy as an advanced pracLlLloner ln 8enewable Lnergy Lechnologles
AblllLy Lo make lndependenL [udgmenLs and hlgh-level declslons ln a varleLy of Lechnlcal or
managerlal conLexLs
1he knowledge and skllls Lo be acLlvely lnvolved ln Lhe plannlng, lmplemenLaLlon and evaluaLlon
sLages of a range of 8enewable Lnergy power generaLlon sysLems
An Ll1 CraduaLe CerLlflcaLe ln 8enewable Lnergy 1echnologles

Lnglneerlng lnsLlLuLe of 1echnology, 2011

1hls publlcaLlon ls copyrlghL. LxcepL as permlLLed by Lhe CopyrlghL AcL no parL of lL may ln any form or by any elecLronlc, mechanlcal,
phoLocopylng, recordlng or any oLher means be reproduced, sLored ln a reLrleval sysLem or be broadcasL or LransmlLLed wlLhouL Lhe
prlor wrlLLen permlsslon of Lhe publlsher.

E-mail: eit@eit.edu.au Web Site: www.eit.edu.au

2

kCGkAM CVLkVILW

1he CraduaLe CerLlflcaLe ln 8enewable Lnergy 1echnologles ls an advanced program. lL ls presenLed aL a
conslderably hlgher level Lhan Lhe Advanced ulploma and bachelor degree level programs and lnLendlng
sLudenLs should be aware of Lhe greaLer challenge. 1hls CerLlflcaLe has ldenLlcal sLandlng and level Lo LhaL
of a unlverslLy graduaLe dlploma, buL ls focused on Lhe career ouLcomes of a professlonal englneer and
LechnologlsL. As Lhe LlLle suggesLs, lL has a greaLer vocaLlonal or '[ob relaLed' emphasls, and focuses more
on developlng pracLlcal skllls LhaL you can apply Lo Lhe workplace, raLher Lhan Lheory alone.

A feaLure of Lhls program ls LhaL ln uslng web collaboraLlve Lechnologles you wlll noL only sLudy and work
wlLh your peers around Lhe world on varlous renewable energy deslgn pro[ecLs, buL you wlll do Lhls
convenlenLly from your deskLop uslng Lhe laLesL Lechnlques ln llve web and vldeo conferenclng. 1he
CraduaLe CerLlflcaLe ln 8enewable Lnergy 1echnologles focuses on Lhe malnsLream Lechnologles vlz.
phoLovolLalc, wlnd and small hydro, buL also covers oLher less common Lechnologles such as blomass,
osmoLlc and Llde power generaLlon, among oLhers. 1he course deals wlLh pracLlcal lssues of renewable
energy LhaL wlll confronL an advanced pracLlLloner ln Lhe fleld. lor example, you wlll be exposed Lo Lhe
modellng and slmulaLlon of wlnd Lurblnes, and Lhe deslgn of wlnd farms. ?ou wlll also be expecLed Lo
underLake advanced deslgn and concepLuallsaLlon work ln whlch you wlll apply Lhe calculaLlons learned ln
less advanced programs. Some of Lhe work and sLudy you wlll be underLaklng wlll lnvolve ploneerlng
Lechnology and explorlng new approaches. 1here ls a deflnlLe ongolng need for hlghly quallfled and skllled
speclallsLs ln Lhe 8enewable Lnglneerlng fleld and Lhls course caLers for LhaL need. upon compleLlng Lhls
program you wlll be able Lo show Lechnlcal leadershlp ln Lhe fleld of 8enewable Lnergy, and be
recognlzed as an advanced pracLlLloner ln Lhe fleld.

We provlde a hlgh level pracLlcal CraduaLe CerLlflcaLe based on:
uslng ouLsLandlng elecLrlcal englneers and lecLurers worklng ln Lhe lndusLry
urawlng on Lhe besL academlcs ln Lhe fleld Lo advlse and deslgn Lhe program unlLs
LxcellenL pracLlcal program maLerlals along wlLh useful lndusLry appllcable Lheory
uslng sLaLe-of-Lhe-arL llve lecLurer led e-learnlng presenLaLlons Lo presenL and lnLeracL, no
maLLer where you are ln Lhe world
ALLracLlng an ouLsLandlng group of sLudenLs who are keen and enLhuslasLlc Lo learn from each
oLher
Squeezlng Lhe cosLs down uslng Lhe laLesL lnLerneL, onllne and publlshlng Lechnologles Lo ensure
you geL Lhe besL value for money.

8enef|ts of L-|earn|ng
upgrade your skllls and refresh your knowledge wlLhouL havlng Lo Lake valuable Llme away
from work
Learn from almosL anywhere - all you need ls an lnLerneL connecLlon
Pave consLanL supporL from your program lecLurers and coordlnaLor for Lhe duraLlon of Lhe
program
lnLeracL and neLwork wlLh parLlclpanLs from around Lhe globe and galn valuable lnslghL lnLo
lnLernaLlonal pracLlce
Learn from lnLernaLlonal lndusLry experLs
Llve lnLeracLlve weblnars, noL [usL a 'book on Lhe web'


3

A8CU1 1nL LNGINLLkING INS1I1U1L CI 1LCnNCLCG (LI1)

1he Lnglneerlng lnsLlLuLe of 1echnology ls a prlvaLe 8eglsLered 1ralnlng CrganlsaLlon. Ll1 ls a slsLer
company of Lhe well known and repuLable englneerlng Lralnlng organlsaLlon, luC 1echnologles. luC has
been operaLlng for over 20 years, from offlces LhroughouL Lhe world, dellverlng pracLlcal shorL courses Lo
well over 300,000 englneers and Lechnlclans.

1he flnesL englneerlng lecLurers and lecLurers, wlLh exLenslve real englneerlng experlence ln lndusLry, are
drawn from around Lhe world. 1he learnlng ls dellvered Lo sLudenLs Lhrough a blend of synchronous and
asynchronous onllne (e-learnlng) Lechnologles, whlch lncludes llve lecLures and remoLe laboraLorles.

1he Ll1 offers educaLlon awards ln a growlng array of englneerlng flelds. Many (perhaps, mosL)
englneerlng faculLles aL unlverslLles and colleges experlence a slgnlflcanL challenge dellverlng Lhe course-
work affordably and wlLh excellence. 1he Ll1 achleves Lhls uslng onllne based educaLlon - economlcal
class slzes are aLLalnable, lnLernaLlonal experLs are engaged Lo lnsLrucL and remoLe laboraLorles and
slmulaLlon sofLware are employed.

Many lnsLlLuLlons offer onllne Lralnlng, wlLh no lnLeracLlon or pracLlcal componenLs and composed malnly
of self sLudy and perhaps supplled recordlngs. 1hls formaL offers very llLLle ln Lhe way of moLlvaLlon or
pracLlcal skllls and can leave sLudenLs feellng lsolaLed. 1he llve, lnLeracLlve formaL of Lhe Ll1's onllne
programmes, whlch allow experL lecLurers Lo presenL from anywhere ln Lhe world, Lo anyone ln Lhe world,
and sLudenLs can lnLeracL and soclallse wlLh lecLurers and fellow sLudenLs. SLudenLs noL only have access
Lo lnLernaLlonal experL lecLurers, buL are provlded wlLh a worldwlde neLwork of peers. 1he Ll1's onllne
learnlng provldes cosL-effecLlve, flexlble Lralnlng wlLh no compromlse on quallLy.


4

LNGINLLkING INS1I1U1L CI 1LCnNCLCG ACCkLDI1A1ICN S1A1US

1he Lnglneerlng lnsLlLuLe of 1echnology (Ll1) ls an lnsLlLuLe for hlgher learnlng. lL has emerged from lLs
foundlng organlsaLlon, luC 1echnologles, whlch ls an lnLernaLlonal provlder of pracLlcal, Lechnlcal Lralnlng.
Slnce lLs lncepLlon ln 1991, Lhree hundred Lhousand englneers, Lechnlclans and LechnologlsLs have been
Lralned globally. 1he Ll1 has recelved recognlLlon, endorsemenL and/or accredlLaLlon (whlch varles by
course and locaLlon) from auLhorlslng bodles based around Lhe world. 1hese lnclude:

ILLL - 1he lLLL ls Lhe world's leadlng professlonal assoclaLlon for Lhe advancemenL of Lechnology, wlLh
more Lhan 373,000 members ln more Lhan 160 counLrles. 1he Ll1 ls an lLLL ConLlnulng LducaLlon
rovlder.

1he 1ra|n|ng Accred|tat|on Counc|| - A body esLabllshed under an acL of parllamenL ln AusLralla Lo
provlde for Lhe quallLy assurance and recognlLlon processes for 8eglsLered 1ralnlng CrganlsaLlons and
AccredlLaLlon of courses.

ACL1 - Lhe AusLrallan Councll for rlvaLe LducaLlon and 1ralnlng. 1he naLlonal lndusLry assoclaLlon for
lndependenL provlders of posL-compulsory educaLlon and Lralnlng, for AusLrallan and lnLernaLlonal
sLudenLs.

1he Inst|tute of Measurement and Contro| - unlLed klngdom - 8rlLaln's foremosL professlonal body for
Lhe AuLomaLlon lndusLry.

1he ro[ect Management Inst|tute - More Lhan 263,000 members ln over 170 counLrles, provldes
recognlLlon and credlL for conLlnulng educaLlon unlLs (CLus) provlded for Lhese courses Lhrough our slsLer
company, luC 1echnologles.

South Afr|ca - 1he Ll1 has obLalned valldaLlon for Cu olnLs from Lhe SAlMechL (SouLh Afrlcan
Mechanlcal lnsLlLuLe), CCL1 (Chamber of Lnglneerlng 1echnology) and SAlLL (SouLh Afrlcan lnsLlLuLe of
LlecLrlcal Lnglneers), who are volunLary AssoclaLlons recognlsed by LCSA (Lnglneerlng Councll of SouLh
Afrlca). 1o vlew our llsL of valldaLed courses and programs, vlslL LCSA's webslLe www.ecsa.co.za and refer
Lo Lhe Cu AcLlvlLles.


5

kCGkAM S1kUC1UkL AND DUkA1ICN

1he CraduaLe CerLlflcaLe ls an lnLenslve parL-Llme program, conducLed over 6 monLhs. unllke oLher
unlverslLles or academlc lnsLlLuLlons, we operaLe almosL all year round wlLhouL exLended breaks beLween
semesLers. 1he course ls composed of 4 unlLs, each conducLed over 6 weeks.

Graduate Cert|f|cate |n kenewab|e Lnergy 1echno|og|es
unlL 1 - lundamenLals and 8alance-of-lanL ComponenLs
unlL 2 - Small Pydro and CLher 8enewable Lnergy 1echnologles
unlL 3 - hoLovolLalc (v) SysLems
unlL 4 - Wlnd ower CeneraLlon

week 1
week 2
week 3
week 4
week 3
week 6
week 7
week 8
week 9
week 10
week 11
week 12
week 13
week 14
week 13
week 16
week 17
week 18
week 19
week 20
week 21
week 22
week 23
week 24
week 23
week 26
week 27
week 28
week 29
8reak - AsslgnmenL 2
Course Structure
UNI1 3: nC1CVCL1AIC SS1LMS
UNI1 4: WIND CWLk GLNLkA1ICN
UNI1 1: IUNDAMLN1ALS AND 8ALANCL-CI-LAN1
CCMCNLN1S
CrlenLaLlon Week
UNI1 2: SMALL nDkC AND C1nLk kLNLWA8LL LNLkG
1LCnNCLCGILS

kCGkAM DLLIVLk

Lach unlL wlll lnvolve llve, lnLeracLlve weblnars wlLh a professlonal lecLurer, as well as seL readlngs,
LuLorlals, or quesLlon and answer sesslons, plus asslgnmenLs and pro[ecL work. ?ou wlll have access Lo
your program resources and maLerlals 24 hours a day, Lhrough our sLudenL porLal and have supporL from
a dedlcaLed program coordlnaLor.


6

WnA1 IS 1nL DIIILkLNCL 8L1WLLN 1nL ADVANCLD DILCMA AND 1nL GkADUA1L CLk1IIICA1L?

1he Advanced ulploma focuses on Lhe fundamenLals of a sub[ecL. lrom a quallflcaLlon level perspecLlve,
Lhe advanced dlploma ls plLched aL Lhe level of a bachelor's degree ln englneerlng ln Lerms of
undersLandlng buL wlLh a very sLrong pracLlcal (or vocaLlonal) blas focusslng on applylng your knowledge
Lo Lhe [ob as soon as posslble. ?ou wlll noL be coverlng deep LheoreLlcal concepLs, buL be orlenLed Lo Lhe
fundamenLal appllcaLlon of Lhe Lheory. ?ou wlll focus on fundamenLal prlnclples and complex Lechnlques
ln relaLlon Lo varled and speclflc funcLlons. 1he enLry level ranges from an englneerlng hlgher cerLlflcaLe or
dlploma Lo a bachelor's degree ln englneerlng. ?ou would beneflL from Lhe Ll1 Advanced ulploma lf you
are maLure age (>23 years old) wlLh good worklng experlence. 1hls program ls noL recommended for
school leavers or lndlvlduals wlLh llmlLed pracLlcal experlence as you wlll noL have sufflclenL knowledge ln
englneerlng or Lechnology.

Cn Lhe oLher hand, Lhe CraduaLe CerLlflcaLe programs are deslgned for lndlvlduals who may already have
an undergraduaLe quallflcaLlon such as a 8achelor's uegree or Advanced ulploma, buL are seeklng Lo
broaden or speclallse ln speclflc areas of knowledge. 1hese courses lnvolve more depLh and complexlLy ln
varled speclallsed conLexLs. A CraduaLe CerLlflcaLe ls Lyplcally equlvalenL ln level and duraLlon of Lhe flrsL 6
monLhs of an 18-monLh, full-Llme MasLer degree ln Lnglneerlng. lL requlres conslderably more Lhlnklng
(or cognlLlve) ablllLy and lL ls far more challenglng Lhan an Advanced ulploma, and also requlres a hlgher
weekly Llme commlLmenL. ?ou wlll need aL leasL an Advanced ulploma or 8achelor of Lnglneerlng or
equlvalenL or, lf you are lacklng Lhls, conslderable demonsLraLed experlence ln Lhe sub[ecL area comblned
wlLh evldence of conLlnulng professlonal developmenL.

1ab|e 1: ua||f|cat|ons Accord|ng to Sector
AusLrallan CuallflcaLlon lramework - CuallflcaLlon by SecLor of AccredlLaLlon


7

kAC1ICAL LkLkCISLS, kLMC1L LA8S AND ASSIGNMLN1S

?ou wlll parLlclpaLe ln pracLlcal exerclses uslng a comblnaLlon of remoLe laboraLorles and slmulaLlon
sofLware. 1hls wlll glve you solld pracLlcal exposure Lo Lhe key prlnclples covered ln Lhe course and ensure
you are able Lo puL Lheory lnLo pracLlce.

nAkDWAkL AND SCI1WAkL kLUIkLMLN1S

All you need ln order Lo [oln Lhe weblnars once reglsLered for Lhe course ls an adequaLe lnLerneL
connecLlon, C, speakers and a mlcrophone. 1he sofLware package and seLup deLalls wlll be senL Lo
you prlor Lo Lhe course.

LIVL WL8INAkS IkCM CUk DLSk1C

uurlng Lhe program you wlll parLlclpaLe ln llve lnLeracLlve weblnars wlLh Lhe lecLurers and oLher program
sLudenLs from LhroughouL Lhe world. 1he sesslon Llmes wlll vary so LhaL you have Lhe opporLunlLy Lo [oln
llve" sesslons wlLh Lhe lecLurer and your fellow sLudenLs. Where sesslon Llmes do noL sulL your Llme zone
recordlngs wlll be readlly avallable for you Lo revlew ln your own Llme.


8

LLAkNING MANAGLMLN1 SS1LM

We have a Moodle based learnlng managemenL sysLem whlch acLs as a sLudenL porLal. lL wlll provlde you wlLh consLanL
access Lo your program resources, lmporLanL lnformaLlon and allows you Lo lnLeracL wlLh your fellow sLudenLs and
presenLers. ?ou can chaL wlLh, soclallse and collaboraLe on your pro[ecLs wlLh slmllarly moLlvaLed and enLhuslasLlc
program parLlclpanLs.

Access course mater|a|s, subm|t ass|gnments, |nteract w|th fe||ow students and
|ectures through forums and ||ve chat

Lasy Log|n Access through
the LI1 webs|te


9

CCMkLnLNSIVL L-8CCkS AND ASSCCIA1LD DCCUMLN1A1ICN

?ou wlll recelve 10 of our up-Lo-daLe Lechnlcal e-8ooks Lo add Lo your llbrary. 1ogeLher Lhese LexLs
conLaln over 3000 pages of valuable know-how dlsLllled from years of experlence ln presenLlng Lhese
courses LhroughouL Lhe world.

1. Wlnd and Solar ower - 8enewable Lnergy 1echnologles
2. racLlcal Lnergy Lfflclency, ueslgn, Lnglneerlng and AudlLlng
3. ower ulsLrlbuLlon
4. ower SysLem roLecLlon for Lnglneers and 1echnlclans
3. Safe CperaLlon and MalnLenance of ClrculL 8reakers and swlLchgear
6. 1roubleshooLlng and roblem Solvlng of LLherneL neLworks
7. racLlcal ower SysLem Parmonlcs, LarLhlng and ower CuallLy -
roblems and SoluLlons
8. racLlcal ower CuallLy: roblems & SoluLlons
9. racLlcal ro[ecL ManagemenL for Lnglneers and 1echnlclans
10. 1roubleshooLlng and roblem Solvlng of lndusLrlal uaLa
CommunlcaLlons

SUI1A8LL CANDIDA1LS AND kL-kLUISI1LS

AppllcaLlons are consldered on a case-by-case basls. oLenLlal sLudenLs lnclude:
racLlslng englneers or LechnologlsLs wlLh advanced knowledge, experlence and educaLlon (such
as an Advanced ulploma, or undergraduaLe degree)
racLlslng englneers or Lechnlclans wlLh demonsLraLed compeLence
Lnglneers or LechnologlsLs from anoLher dlsclpllne (such as mechanlcal and chemlcal
englneerlng) wanLlng Lo up-sklll ln Lhls area
lL would noL be sulLable for a sLudenL wlLh no relevanL work experlence. We wlll revlew your enrolmenL
appllcaLlon and may recommend pre-course sLudles lf requlred.
lor more lnformaLlon appllcaLlons or pre-requlslLes, please conLacL our course advlsors aL
enqulrles[elL.edu.au



10
UNIT 1: FUNDAMENTALS AND BALANCE-UF-PLANT CUMPUNENTS

Un|t Cverv|ew

ln vlew of Lhe depleLlon of coal reserves and publlc reslsLance Lo nuclear power, Lhe move Lowards
envlronmenLally frlendly power generaLlon ls lnevlLable. 1he use of renewable energy resources ls also
ofLen Lhe only vlable soluLlon for lsolaLed lndlvlduals or communlLles. 1hls unlL deals wlLh Lhe naLure of
sunllghL and wlnd as resources. lL also covers common Loplcs such as elecLrlclLy baslcs, power elecLronlc
and common 8alance-of-lanL (8C) componenLs such as dlsLrlbuLlon grlds and Lransformers.

Un|t A|ms

1he broad alms of Lhls unlL are Lo ensure LhaL sLudenLs are able Lo:
- undersLand Lhe naLure of sunllghL and wlnd as renewable resources
- 8efresh Lhelr knowledge of elecLrlclLy and elecLronlcs perLalnlng Lo renewable energy sysLems
- undersLand Lhe baslcs of power generaLlon
- 8elaLe Lo 8C componenLs such as elecLrlcal grlds and Lransformers

Learn|ng Cb[ect|ves

Cn successful compleLlon of Lhe unlL sLudenLs wlll be able Lo:
- ueflne concepLs such as renewable and susLalnable energy
- undersLand Lhe naLure of wlnd and sunllghL as renewable energy resources
- Measure wlnd and solar parameLers
- erform slmple volLage and currenL calculaLlons uslng Chm's and klrchoff's Laws
- undersLand Lhe operaLlon of ower LlecLronlcs componenLs as found ln, for example, regulaLors
and lnverLers
- undersLand Lhe physlcs of power generaLlon
- undersLand Lhe Lermlnology, composlLlon and behavlor of elecLrlcal grlds
- undersLand Lhe speclflcaLlon and operaLlon of power Lransformers


11
1op|c 1: Susta|nab|e and renewab|e energy
8enewable, non-renewable and susLalnable energy
Laws of Lhermodynamlcs
Small dedlcaLed use power sysLems
Small domesLlc power sysLems
vlllage scale power sysLems
Mlcro-grld power sysLems
Sources of renewable energy
LlecLrlclLy generaLlon vs. propulslon/heaLlng

1op|c 2: So|ar |rrad|at|on
hyslcs of llghL
Solar radlaLlon aL Lhe earLh's surface
ulrecL and dlffuse radlaLlon
ApparenL moLlon of sun
unlL of measuremenL
varlaLlon due Lo laLlLude, Llme-of-day and seasons
redlcLlon and measuremenL of solar radlaLlon
SlLe analysls and sofLware Lools

1op|c 3: W|nd character|st|cs
Wlnd meLereology
lsobars and Corlolls force
Clobal dlsLrlbuLlon of wlnd
8eglonal wlnd daLa
ALmospherlc sLablllLy
Wlnd deflecLlon by a wlnd Lurblne
Wlnd speed vs. wlnd energy
AnemomeLers and wlnd roses

1op|c 4: W|nd measurement
Lollan feaLures
8lologlcal lndlcaLors
8oLaLlonal anemomeLers
ressure plaLe anemomeLers
ressure Lube anemomeLers
PoL Wlre anemomeLers
uoppler AcousLlc 8adar
Wlnd measuremenL wlLh balloons

1op|c S: D|rect Current (DC)
Chm's Law revlslLed
klrchhoff's Laws
Serles and parallel connecLlon of reslsLors
Serles and parallel of volLage sources
Serles and parallel connecLlon of lnducLors and
capaclLors
uC behavlor of lnducLors and capaclLors

1op|c 6: A|ternat|ng Current (AC)
Complex numbers
Angular frequency (u)
lrequency and phase angle

Slngle phase vs. 3-phase
vecLorlal represenLaLlon of volLage and currenL (phasors)
lnducLlve and capaclLlve reacLance
Complex lmpedances (8LC clrculLs)
8alanced 3-phase Wye-connecLed source and load

1op|c 7: ower e|ectron|cs
ulodes (n) and brldge recLlflers
8lpolar power LranslsLors (n, nn)
lnsulaLed CaLe 8lpolar 1ranslsLors (lC81s)
ower MCSlL1S
1hyrlsLors
WM conLrollers
8egulaLor lCs
Surge proLecLlon devlces

1op|c 8: ower generat|on bas|cs
AC vs. uC generaLlon
Crld frequency and phase angle
Slngle phase vs. 3-phase generaLlon
SLar vs. delLa conflguraLlon
LlecLromagneLlsm
lnducLlon
1yplcal ouLpuLs for large W1 generaLors

1op|c 9: M|n|-gr|ds
Cverall sysLem layouL
Llne conflguraLlon
ConducLors
oles
ole-Lop hardware and connecLors
Cuys and anchors
SafeLy and proLecLlon
MeLerlng

1op|c 10: Sw|tchgear and cab||ng
8aLlngs
ConsLrucLlon Lype and lnsulaLlng medlum
ulsconnecLs and clrculL breakers
8esldual CurrenL uevlces (8Cus)
Wlre Lypes, slzlng and sLandards
ConnecLors and lugs
ulsLrlbuLlon and [uncLlon boxes
Wlrlng accessorles, cablneLs and enclosures

1op|c 11: 1ransformers
8aslc Lheory
ConsLrucLlonal feaLures
Coollng meLhods
volLage conLrol
ower vs. dlsLrlbuLlon Lransformers
lnsLallaLlon feaLures
1ransformer proLecLlon and flre safeLy
1roubleshooLlng



12
UNIT 2: SMALL HYDRU AND UTHER RENEWABLE ENERCY TECHNULUCIES

Un|t Cverv|ew

AlLhough sunllghL and wlnd-powered 8enewable Lnergy lnsLallaLlons are very common, some parLs of Lhe
world en[oy an abundance of all-year-round waLer flow. ln Lhls case hydro-elecLrlc power generaLlon
mlghL be consldered. 1he bulk of Lhls chapLer deals wlLh small hydro, buL oLher sources of energy such as
geoLhermal power, blomass, wave and Llde power, blofuel, hydrogen, osmoLlc power and hybrld wlnd-
dlesel sysLems are also covered.

Un|t A|ms

- undersLand Lhe concepLs, componenLs and lmplemenLaLlon of small hydro lnsLallaLlons
- uevelop an awareness of Lechnologles (oLher Lhan wlnd, solar and small hydro) LhaL are currenLly
ln exlsLence or are belng developed as sources of renewable energy

Learn|ng Cb[ect|ves

- undersLand Lhe naLure of flowlng waLer as a resource for power generaLlon
- undersLand Lhe baslcs of hydraullc englneerlng as perLalnlng Lo hydro power
- undersLand Lhe bulldlng blocks (waLer managemenL sLrucLures, Lurblnes, generaLors and relaLed
equlpmenL) of small hydro lnsLallaLlons
- uo a slLe assessmenL for a small hydro lnsLallaLlon
- uo a hlgh-level deslgn for a small hydro lnsLallaLlon feedlng a mlcro-grld
- Lxplaln Lhe baslcs of geoLhermal power generaLlon
- Lxplaln Lhe baslcs of blomass, lncludlng Lhe varlous sLeam generaLlon meLhods
- Lxplaln Lhe baslcs of wave and Lldal power sysLems, lncludlng Lhe varlous capLure and Lake-off
sysLems
- Lxplaln Lhe concepL of flrsL, second, Lhlrd and fourLh generaLlon blofuels
- Lxplaln Lhe fuel cell concepL as well as Lhe varlous Lechnologles and Lhelr relaLed problems and
efflclencles
- Lxplaln Lhe concepL and dlfferenL meLhods of creaLlng power Lhrough osmosls
- Lxplaln Lhe operaLlon and moLlvaLlon for hybrld wlnd-dlesel sysLems


13

Ak1 I: Sma|| hydro
1op|c 1: Introduct|on to hydro power generat|on
WaLer as a poLenLlally everlasLlng free resource
8un-of-rlver schemes
Schemes wlLh powerhouse aL base of dam
Schemes lnLegraLed wlLh waLer canal
Schemes lnLegraLed wlLh waLer absLracLlon sysLem
lannlng a small hydropower scheme

1op|c 2: Iundamenta|s of hydrau||c eng|neer|ng
WaLer flow ln plpes
Loss of head due Lo frlcLlon and Lurbulence
1ranslenL flow and waLer flow ln open channels
CompuLer programs

1op|c 3: 1he water resource and |ts potent|a|
LvaluaLlng sLream flow by dlscharge measuremenLs
veloclLy-area meLhod
SLream flow characLerlsLlcs
8esldual, reserved or compensaLlon flow
LsLlmaLlon of planL capaclLy and energy ouLpuL
llrm energy

1op|c 4: nydrau||c structures
SLorage and waLer lnLake
uams, welrs, splllways, energy dlsslpaLors
WaLerway lnLake sLrucLures
ower lnLake
Mechanlcal equlpmenL

1op|c S: 1urb|nes and re|ated equ|pment
owerhouse
1urblne classlflcaLlon crlLerla
1urblnes (elLon, 1urgo, Cross-flow, lrancls,
kaplan)
1urblne selecLlon crlLerla
1urblne efflclency and performance crlLerla
Speed lncreasers

1op|c 6: Generators and re|ated equ|pment
CeneraLors and generaLor conflguraLlons
LxclLers, volLage regulaLlon and synchronlzaLlon
1urblne conLrol
SwlLchgear
AuLomaLlc conLrol
Anclllary elecLrlcal equlpmenL

1op|c 7: Low head and co|d water cons|derat|ons
WaLer wheels and varlable heads
lrosL, cold waLer and lce
WaLershed, dlverslon and lnLake sLrucLure
Canal and pensLocks
owerhouse and Lransmlsslon llnes
1op|c 8: S|te exp|orat|on and feas|b|||ty
assessment
Maps and pro[ecL slLe Lopography
SLream-flow daLa and measuremenL
WaLer quallLy, head measuremenL and slLe
selecLlon
ower and energy avallablllLy
lanL slzlng and prellmlnary assessmenL of
feaslblllLy

Ak1 II: Cther techno|og|es
1op|c 9: Geotherma| and b|omass
8aslc geoLhermal concepL and advanLages
ury sLeam, flash sLeam, blnary cycle and hoL dry
rock Lechnology
Survey meLhodology
PydroLhermal alLernaLlve
8lomass deflnlLlon and avallable resources
8lomass combusLlon, llquefacLlon and gaslflcaLlon
Crganlc planL-based oll
8lomass anaeroblc dlgesLlon

1op|c 10: Wave and t|da| power
Wave energy formula
AdvanLages and dlsadvanLages
CapLure meLhods
ower Lake-of sysLems
racLlcal examples of wave power sysLems
1ldal Lheory and dally Llde varlaLlons
CeneraLlng meLhods
Axlal and cross-flow Lurblnes

1op|c 11: 8|ofue|s and hydrogen (fue| ce||s)
8lofuel concepL
llrsL, second, Lhlrd and fourLh generaLlon blofuels
lssues wlLh producLlon and use
luel Cell concepL
luel Cell Lechnologles (LMlC, SClC, AlC, MClC,
AlC, uMlC)
luel Cell efflclencles
luel Cell problems

1op|c 12: Csmot|c power and w|nd-d|ese| power
systems
8aslcs of sallnlLy power gradlenL
8everse LlecLroulalysls (8Lu)
ressure 8eLarded Csmosls (8C)
Membrane Lechnologles
ulesel-only power
Low, medlum and hlgh peneLraLlon wlnd/dlesel
ulspaLchable generaLors
uump loads, synchronous condensers and
flywheels



14

UNIT 3: PHUTUVULTAIC SYSTEMS

Un|t Cverv|ew

SunllghL ls one of Lhe mosL abundanL energy resources on our planeL. 1hls unlL deals wlLh Lhe Lheory and
pracLlce of v (phoLovolLalc) power generaLlon for domesLlc, 8v (recreaLlonal vehlcle) and marlne
appllcaLlons. lL covers sLandalone and grld-connecLed sysLems, as well as Lhe 8alance-of-lanL equlpmenL
assoclaLed wlLh v sysLems.

Un|t A|ms

- undersLand Lhe concepLs of phoLovolLalc (v) power generaLlon
- undersLand Lhe operaLlon of relaLed 8alance-of-lanL equlpmenL such as baLLerles, chargers and
lnverLers
- ueslgn boLh sLandalone and grld-lnLeracLlve v sysLems

Learn|ng Cb[ect|ves

- CalculaLe Lhe payback Llme for a grld-lnLeracLlve v lnsLallaLlon
- undersLand Lhe baslcs of v module operaLlon and fabrlcaLlon
- uo deLalled sysLem deslgns for boLh sLandalone and grld-lnLeracLlve v sysLems
- ueslgn a v panel array (boLh elecLrlcally and mechanlcally) Lo dellver a speclflc ouLpuL
- ueslgn a sulLable baLLery bank for a glven v sysLem
- SelecL an approprlaLe charge conLroller for a glven baLLery bank
- SelecL an approprlaLe lnverLer for a glven grld-lnLeracLlve v sysLem
- Supervlse Lhe lnsLallaLlon, commlsslonlng and malnLenance of a v sysLem



15

1op|c 1: V techno|ogy overv|ew
v power generaLlon concepL
SLandalone, grld-lnLeracLlve and hybrld sysLems
Load compaLlblllLy lssues
ower quallLy lssues
8aLLery healLh monlLorlng
Llne dlsLurbances
8adlo frequency lnLerference
CeneraLor compaLlblllLy

1op|c 2: Lconom|cs of V systems
1oLal lnsLallaLlon cosLs
LlecLrlclLy prlce
leed-ln Larlffs
Lnergy ayback 1lme (L81)
CovernmenL lncenLlves

1op|c 3: 8ehav|or of so|ar ce||s
LlghL absorpLlon
8ecomblnaLlon
-n [uncLlons
l-v curves
LffecL of llghL
SpecLral response
LffecL of LemperaLure and paraslLlc reslsLance

1op|c 4: Ce|| des|gn and propert|es
Lfflclencles
CpLlcal losses
8ecomblnaLlon losses
1op conLacL deslgn
Lab cells vs. lndusLry requlremenLs
Laser grooved vs. burled conLacL solar cells

1op|c S: Modu|e fabr|cat|on and V ce||
|nterconnect|on
Module and clrculL deslgn
ldenLlcal vs. non-ldenLlcal cells
non-ldenLlcal modules
PoL-spoL heaLlng
Module sLrucLure
LnvlronmenLal proLecLlon
1hermal conslderaLlons
LlecLrlcal and mechanlcal conslderaLlons

1op|c 6: 8atter|es
ueep cycle (LracLlon) vs. SLl baLLerles
8aLLery raLlngs
Cel, ACM, v8LA and weL cell baLLerles
Serles/parallel connecLlon and safeLy precauLlons
8aLLery locaLlon and enclosures
8aLLery proLecLlon equlpmenL
LlghLnlng lssues
lnsLallaLlon
1op|c 7: Chargers
MulLl-sLage charglng
WM chargers
Maxlmum ower olnL 1racklng (M1)
1emperaLure senslng
ueslgn calculaLlons
Auxlllary baLLery charglng

1op|c 8: Inverters
Square wave, modlfled square and Lrue slne wave
lnverLers
Solld-sLaLe vs. roLary lnverLers
1yplcal lnpuL and ouLpuL volLages
lnverLer sLacklng
lslandlng
Cabllng and lnsLallaLlon
Crld Lle conslderaLlons

1op|c 9: L|ectr|ca| system des|gn
AssessmenL of elecLrlclLy demand
AssessmenL of sunllghL avallablllLy
v array deslgn
8aLLery bank deslgn
SLandalone conflguraLlon
Crld-lnLeracLlve conflguraLlon wlLh baLLery backup
Appllcable sLandards, deslgn guldellnes and deslgn
sofLware

1op|c 10: Mechan|ca| system des|gn
8aslc requlremenLs for v array mounLlng
MounLlng opLlons
1rackers and 8v mounLlng sysLems
MaLerlals for mounLlng sysLems
ConLrol and baLLery cublcles

1op|c 11: ract|ca| V system |mp|ementat|on
8aslc prlnclples Lo follow
lnsLallaLlon labor efforL
CosL reducLlon lncenLlves
LsLlmaLlng elecLrlclLy savlngs
Suppller and sysLem quallflcaLlons
Cverall pro[ecL coordlnaLlon
ro[ecL phases
lnsLallaLlon, commlsslonlng and malnLenance



16
UNIT 4: WIND PUWER CENERATIUN

Un|t Cverv|ew

Wlnd ls, nexL Lo sunllghL, one of Lhe mosL abundanL renewable energy resources on Lhe planeL. 1hls unlL
addresses Lhe Lheory, consLrucLlon and deploymenL of Wlnd 1urblne generaLors. AlLhough Lhe emphasls ls
on large capaclLy Wlnd 1urblnes, Lhe deslgn and lnsLallaLlon of smaller devlces for home and marlne use ls
also be covered.

Un|t A|ms

- Assess Lhe amounL of wlnd energy avallable aL a glven slLe
- lully undersLand Lhe prlnclples and operaLlon of Wlnd 1urblne generaLor sysLems
- uraw up speclflcaLlons for Wlnd 1urblne sysLems
- CompleLe aL leasL a hlgh-level deslgn of a sLand-alone or grld-Lle (grld-lnLeracLlve) Wlnd 1urblne
sysLem

Learn|ng Cb[ect|ves

- ueclde on Lhe mosL approprlaLe Wlnd 1urblne generaLor for Lhelr appllcaLlon
- Assess Lhe avallable wlnd energy and expecLed generaLor ouLpuL for a glven slLe
- undersLand Lhe operaLlon of boLh synchronous and synchronous generaLors
- undersLand Lhe lssues relaLed Lo grld connecLlon and power quallLy
- undersLand Lhe Lheory behlnd Wlnd 1urblne blade deslgn
- undersLand Lhe concepLs of SCAuA and modellng/slmulaLlon for Wlnd 1urblnes
- SelecL Lhe mosL approprlaLe Lower/masL for Lhelr Wlnd 1urblne(s)
- undersLand all Lhe aspecLs relaLlng Lo Wlnd 1urblne conLrol
- undersLand Lhe lssues relaLed Lo Wlnd 1urblne sysLem lnsLallaLlon and malnLenance, lncludlng
envlronmenLal lmpacL
- uraw up a full Wlnd 1urblne generaLor speclflcaLlon
- undersLand Lhe global deslgn of boLh SLand-alone and Crld-lnLeracLlve wlnd power sysLems,
lncludlng 8alance-of-lanL (8C) componenLs
- undersLand and use a global deslgn of a Wlnd larm



17
1op|c 1: W|nd turb|ne techno|ogy overv|ew and
econom|cs
PAW1s vs. vAW1s
Wlnd 1urblne componenLs
SLandalone, grld Lle and hybrld sysLems
1yplcal power ouLpuL curves
CaplLal cosLs of Wlnd 1urblne sysLems
value of wlnd generaLed elecLrlclLy
Pldden cosLs
Wlnd peneLraLlon facLors

1op|c 2: W|nd turb|ne |ocat|on and generator output
1urbulence, wake, wlnd shear, wlnd shade
Wlnd speed aL glven helghL and varlaLlon over Llme
Wlnd park, Lunnel, and hlll effecLs
1urblne locaLlon crlLerla
Wlnd speed sLaLlsLlcs and Welbull dlsLrlbuLlons
Mean power ln wlnd
8eLz's Law and power denslLy
Annual energy ouLpuL from a W1

1op|c 3: Synchronous and asynchronous generators for
w|nd systems
MeLhods of generaLlng synchronous power
Synchronous moLor/generaLor operaLlon
LffecL of changlng number of poles on synchronous and
asynchronous machlnes
Synchronous generaLor roLor exclLaLlon
Asynchronous moLor/generaLor operaLlon
Cage roLor and sllp
uual-speed and double-fed lnducLlon generaLors

1op|c 4: W|nd turb|ne transm|ss|on system, gr|d
connect|on and power qua||ty
1ransmlsslon sysLem sLrucLure and componenLs
8esonance lssues
ulrecL and lndlrecL grld connecLlon
varlable frequency Lo flxed frequency AC-AC converslon
hase maLchlng, cuL-ln
ower quallLy and Lurblne sLarLlng/sLopplng lssues
Crld relnforcemenL, fllcker, lslandlng, and reacLlve power
conLrol
LlecLroMagneLlc CompaLlblllLy (LMC)

1op|c S: 8|ade des|gn and power output
8lade aerodynamlcs , deslgn, componenLs and operaLlon
8lade proflle, maLerlals, and LwlsL
Pydraullc and sLepper moLor plLch conLrol
ower ouLpuL of an ldeal vs. pracLlcal Lurblnes
1ransmlsslon and generaLor efflclencles
Lnergy producLlon and capaclLy facLor
1urblne shafL power and Lorque aL consLanL/varlable
speeds

1op|c 6: W|nd turb|ne SCADA and s|mu|at|on
SCAuA prlnclple
arameLers monlLored, hardware, and sofLware
8emoLe access and LelecommunlcaLlon
1urblne slmulaLlon requlremenLs and generlc Lools
n8LL deslgn codes
Coupled Aero-Pydraullc-Servo-LlasLlc slmulaLlon
ueslgn loads, faLlgue loadlng analysls and offshore
slmulaLlon challenges

1op|c 7: W|nd turb|ne contro|
1urblne conLrol sLraLegles and conLrol sysLem
archlLecLure
Models and observers
lLch and acLlve/passlve sLall-conLrolled Wlnd 1urblnes
LffecLs and conLrol of yaw on blg and small PAW1s
Cable LwlsL managemenL on small PAW1s
Aerodynamlc and mechanlcal braklng sysLems
1lp brake sysLems
CenLrlfugal conLrol unlLs

1op|c 8: 1ower and turb|ne des|gn
1owers (laLLlce, guyed, hybrld, concreLe precasL, Lubular
sLeel)
ConslderaLlons (cosL, aerodynamlcs, helghL, safeLy)
1urblne power vs. swepL area
Load conslderaLlons
PorlzonLal vs. verLlcal axls Lurblnes
upwlnd vs. downwlnd Lurblnes
number of blades
8educLlon of mechanlcal and aerodynamlc nolse

1op|c 9: Insta||at|on, ma|ntenance and env|ronmenta|
|ssues
re-lnsLallaLlon and lnsLallaLlon
WarranLles and lnsurance
MalnLenance conLracLs and procedures
AesLheLlcs and shadow casLlng lssues
AvlaLlon safeLy
nolse lssues
llnanclal payback
8lrds

1op|c 10: ract|ca| w|nd turb|ne system |mp|ementat|on
CbLalnlng and analyslng ClS wlnd daLa
SlLe selecLlon and local wlnd daLa analysls
Conflrmlng amounL of power LhaL can be generaLed
annually
SelecLlon of Lurblne, generaLor and auxlllary equlpmenL
1ower placemenL, helghL and consLrucLlon
Cverall sysLem deslgn and componenL sourclng
Lconomlc analysls and speclflcaLlons
SelecLlon of conLracLor



18
1op|c 11: W|nd farm des|gn
1urblne placemenL
SlLe preparaLlon
LlecLrlcal neLwork
SelecLlon of slzes, low volLage equlpmenL
SelecLlon of slzes, dlsLrlbuLlon volLage equlpmenL
LlecLrlcal losses
roLecLlve relays
Wlnd farm cosLs

1op|c 12: Sma||er systems for home, mar|ne and kV
app||cat|ons
CeneraLor Lypes
ower conLrol
LlecLrlcal and mechanlcal shuLdown
ower Lake-off
8aLLery bank managemenL
8egulaLlon and grld connecLlon
8ecLlflcaLlon
Crld connecLlon

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