#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*# # comptoneffect-01.py # # Copyright 2014 Muhammad Saad <muhammad.saad@yandex.

com> # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, # MA 02110-1301, USA. # # import visual import random import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # Plank's constant h = 6.62606957 * 10**(-34) # Typical X-ray wavelength would be ~10**-9 # But to make the shift more visible, we use Gamma wavelengths #lmda = 0.1 * 10**-9 lmda = 1 * 10**-12 # meters c = 3.0 * 10**8 # meters/second freq_o = (c / lmda) # Scaling factor for lengths, to make the wavelength viewable scalefactor_length = 10.0**20 # ratio of displayed length to actual length freq_s = freq_o / scalefactor_length # Scaling factor for time, to make movement viewable scalefactor_time = 2 * 10.0**7 # ratio of elapsed time to actual time # Time interval per step dt = 0.05 # seconds # Maximum times per second to render a frame when processing loops animation_run_rate = 100 # Initialize the Scene scene = visual.display(title="Compton Scattering (M. Saad)", x = 0, y = 0, width =800, height=600) scene.autoscale = False scene.range = (200,200,200) scene.fullscreen = False # The Photon's Frame of Reference photon_frame = visual.frame() # Initialize the Photon photon = visual.curve( x = visual.arange(-200,-180), y=0, display=scene, frame=p hoton_frame, color=visual.color.blue)

photon.radius = 0.5 photon.wavelength_init = lmda # meters photon.freq_init = freq_o # hertz photon.energy_init = h * photon.freq_init # joules # Make it wavy photon.y = 7*visual.sin((freq_s*photon.x)/(2*visual.pi)) # The Electron's Frame of Reference electron_frame = visual.frame() # Initialize the Electron electron = visual.sphere(x=0, y=0, display=scene, frame=electron_frame, radius=1 0) electron.mass = 9.10938291 * 10**(-31) # kilograms electron.energy_rest = electron.mass * (c**2) # joules # Define momenta # Electron is at rest electron.momentum_init = visual.vector(0,0,0) # Photon is moving along X axis photon.momentum_init = visual.vector(h/photon.wavelength_init,0,0) # Display data for electron and photon electron.label = visual.label(pos=(30,100,0), xoffset=1, height=15, border=10, f ont='STIX', box=False, text="Electron") photon.label = visual.label(pos=(-160,100,0), xoffset=1, height=15, border=10, f ont='STIX', box=False, text="Photon") # Plot the Graph of Wavelength Shift as a function of Scattering Angle plt.xlim(-visual.pi, visual.pi) plt.ylim( 0, 6 * 10**(-12)) plt.title('Wavelength Shift as a Function of Scattering Angle') plt.xlabel('Scattering Angle (radians)') plt.ylabel('Increase in Wavelength (x 10^-12 meters)') plt.ion() plt.show() plt.draw() def reset(): # Reset everything to initial conditions electron.pos = (0,0,0) electron.momentum_fin = visual.vector(0,0,0) electron.velocity = electron.momentum_fin / electron.mass electron.speed = visual.mag( electron.velocity ) electron.mass_rel = electron.mass electron.energy_rel = electron.mass_rel * (c**2) electron_frame.axis = (1,0,0) electron.label.text = u'Electron\nv = {0:.5} m/s\n'.format(electron.spee d) photon.wavelength_fin = lmda photon.momentum_fin = visual.vector(h/photon.wavelength_fin,0,0) photon.freq_fin = ( c / photon.wavelength_fin ) photon.energy_fin = h * photon.freq_fin photon.x = visual.arange(-200,-180) photon.y = 7*visual.sin((freq_s*photon.x)/(2*visual.pi)) photon.color = visual.color.blue photon_frame.axis = (1,0,0) photon.label.text = u'Photon\nl = {0:.5} meters\n = {1:.5} p radians'.format( photon.wavelength_init,0.0)

def collide(): # Move the photon right till it reaches the electron while photon.pos[-1,0] < electron.pos.x: visual.rate(animation_run_rate) photon.pos += [(c*dt)/scalefactor_time,0,0] photon.y = 7*visual.sin((freq_s*photon.x)/(2*visual.pi)) photon.label.text = u'Photon\nl = {0:.5} meters\n = {1:.5} p radians' .format(photon.wavelength_init,0.0) # Change color after collision to indicate "redshift" photon.color = visual.color.red # Deflect at random angle rand_angle = random.uniform(-visual.pi,visual.pi) # Rotate the photon's frame at that angle to avoid complicated calculati ons for drawing and velocity photon_frame.axis = (visual.cos(rand_angle), visual.sin(rand_angle), 0) # Compton wavelength of electron = h/mc = 2.4263102389 * 10**(-12) compton_wavelength_electron = 2.4263102389 * 10**(-12) # meters # Compton Shift Formula del_lmda = compton_wavelength_electron * (1-visual.cos(rand_angle)) lmda2 = lmda + del_lmda freq2 = ( c / lmda2 ) freq_s2 = freq2 / ( scalefactor_length ) # After collision photon.y = 7*visual.sin((freq_s2*photon.x)/(2*visual.pi)) photon.wavelength_fin = lmda2 photon.momentum_fin = visual.vector((h/photon.wavelength_fin)*visual.cos (rand_angle),(h/photon.wavelength_fin)*visual.sin(rand_angle),0) photon.freq_fin = ( c / photon.wavelength_fin ) photon.energy_fin = h * photon.freq_fin photon.label.text = u'Photon\nl = {0:.5} meters\n = {1:.5} p radians'.format( photon.wavelength_fin, rand_angle/visual.pi) electron.momentum_fin = ( photon.momentum_init + electron.momentum_init ) - photon.momentum_fin electron.energy_rel = ( photon.energy_init - photon.energy_fin ) + elect ron.energy_rest electron.mass_rel = electron.energy_rel / (c**2) electron.velocity = electron.momentum_fin / electron.mass_rel electron.speed = visual.mag( electron.momentum_fin / electron.mass_rel ) electr_angle = visual.arctan( electron.velocity.y / electron.velocity.x ) electron.label.text = u'Electron\nv = {0:.5} m/s\n = {1:.5} p radians'.form at(electron.speed, electr_angle/visual.pi) # Move both the electron and scattered photon for a while for i in range(300): visual.rate(animation_run_rate) photon.pos += [(c*dt)/scalefactor_time,0,0] photon.y = 7*visual.sin((freq_s2*photon.x)/(2*visual.pi)) electron.pos += (electron.velocity * dt)/scalefactor_time # Plot the data point plt.plot(rand_angle,del_lmda, 'ro') plt.draw()

reset() # Perform a finite number of collisions for i in range(100): collide() reset()