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Features
Config Server Firewall offers a wide range of protections for your "#S. Login authentication failure daemon: CSF chec&s the logs for failed login attempts at regular time interval' and is able to recogni,e most unauthori,ed attempts to gain access to your cloud server. -ou can define the desired action CSF ta&es and after how many attempts in the configuration file. /he following applications are supported by this feature: Courier imap' )ovecot' uw-imap' 1erio openSS2
c#anel' +23' +ebmail (c#anel servers only) #ure-ftpd' vsftpd' #roftpd #assword protected web pages (htpasswd) 3od4security failures (v5 and v6) Suhosin failures
$n addition to these' you are able define your own login files with regular e!pression matching. /his can be helpful if you have an application which logs failed logins' but does bloc& the user after specific number of attempts. rocess trac!ing CSF can be configured to trac& processes in order to detect suspicious processes or open networ& ports' and send an email to the system administrator if any is detected. /his may help you to identify and stop a possible e!ploit on your "#S. "irector# watching )irectory watching monitors the /temp and other relevant folders for malicious scripts' and sends an email to the system administrator when one is detected. $essenger service 7nabling this feature allows CSF to send a more informative message to the client when a bloc& is applied. /his feature has both pros and cons. 8n one hand' enabling it provides more information to the client' and thus may cause less frustration for instance in case of failed logins. 8n the other hand' this provides more information' which might ma&e it easier for an attac&er to attac& your "#S. ort flood %rotection /his setting provides protection against port flood attac&s' such as denial of service ()oS) attac&s. -ou may specify the amount of allowed connections on each port within time period of your li&ing. 7nabling this feature is recommended' as it may possibly prevent an attac&er forcing your services down. -ou should pay attention to what limits you set' as too restrictive settings will drop connections from normal clients. /hen again' too permissive settings may allow an attac&er to succeed in a flood attac&. ort !noc!ing #ort &noc&ing allows clients to establish connections a server with no ports open. /he server allows clients connect to the main ports only after a successful port &noc& se9uence. -ou may find this useful if you offer services which are available to only limited audience. :ead more about port &noc&ing Connection limit %rotection /his feature can be used to limit the number concurrent of active connections from an $# address to each port. +hen properly configured' this may prevent abuses on the server' such as )oS attac&s. ort&I address redirection CSF can be configured to redirect connections to an $#/port to another $#/port. .ote: *fter redirection' the source address of the client will be the server0s $# address. /his is not an e9uivalent to networ& address translation (.*/). UI integration $n addition to command line interface' CSF also offers ($ integration for c#anel and +ebmin. $f you are not familiar with inu! command line' you might find this feature
helpful. I bloc! lists /his feature allows CSF to download lists of bloc&ed $# addresses automatically from sources defined by you.
Ste% (: Uncom%ressing
/he downloaded file is a compressed from of tar pac&age' and has to be uncompressed and e!tracted before it can be used.
tar -xzf csf.tgz
Ste% ): Installing
$f you are using another firewall configuration scripts' such as (F+' you should disable it before proceeding. $ptables rules are automatically removed. (F+ can be disabled by running the following command:
ufw disable
/he firewall is now installed' but you should chec& if the re9uired iptables modules are available.
perl /usr/local/csf/bin/csftest.pl
/he firewall will wor& if no fatal errors are reported. .ote: -our $# address was added to the whitelist if possible. $n addition' the SS2 port has been opened automatically' even if it uses custom port. /he firewall was also configured to have testing mode enabled' which means that the iptables rules will be automatically removed five minutes after starting CSF. /his should be disabled once you &now that your configuration wor&s' and you will not be loc&ed out.
*asic Configuration
CSF can be configured by editing its configuration file csf.conf in /etc/csf:
nano /etc/csf/csf.conf csf -r
#ort 6;: F/# data transfer #ort 65: F/# control #ort 66: Secure shell (SS2) #ort 6<: Simple mail transfer protocol (S3/#) #ort <=: )omain name system ().S) #ort >;: 2yperte!t transfer protocol (2//#) #ort 55;: #ost office protocol v= (#8#=) #ort 55=: *uthentication service/identification protocol #ort 56=: .etwor& time protocol (./#) #ort 5?=: $nternet message access protocol ($3*#) #ort ??=: 2yperte!t transfer protocol over SS // S (2//#S) #ort ?@<: (: :endesvous )irectory for SS3 (Cisco) #ort <>A: 7-mail message submission (S3/#) #ort BB=: $nternet message access protocol over SS ($3*#S) #ort BB<: #ost office protocol = over / S/SS (#8#=S)
$t is possible that you are not using all of these services' so you can close the ports that are not used. $ would recommend closing all ports (removing port number form the list)' and then adding the ports you need.
Celow are port sets that should be opened if you are running the listed service: 8n any server:
TCP_ !: $$&() TCP_/0T: $$&()&*%&'')&++) 0P1_ !: () 0P1_/0T: ()&'')&'$)
*pache:
TCP_ !: *%&++)
F/# server:
3ail server:
.ote: $f you are using $#v@ for your services' you should also configure /C#@4$.' /C#@48(/' (#)@4$.' and (#)@48(/ similarly to how $#v? ports were configured earlier. -ou can find a comprehensive list of /C# and ()# ports on +i&ipedia. -ou should open the ports of all the services you use.
S/-FL22"3 SU-FL22",1+T. and S/-FL22",*U1ST /his offers protection against S-. flood attac&s. /his slows down the initiali,ation of every connection' so you should enable this only if you &now that your server is under attac&. C2--LI$IT imits the number of concurrent active connections on port. "alue:
$$2(2++)2$%
would allow < concurrent connections on port 66 and 6; concurrent connections on port ??=. 21TFL22" imits the number of connections per time interval that new connections can be made to specific ports. "alue:
$$2tcp2(2$(%
would limit bloc& the $# address if more than < connections are established on port 66 using /C# protocol within 6<; seconds. /he bloc& is removed once 6<; seconds have passed after the last pac&et sent by the client to this port. -ou may add more ports by separating them by commas li&e described below.
port'2protocol'2connection_count'2time'&port$2protocol$2connection_count$2t ime$
$ore settings CSF offers a wide range of settings which are not covered in this tutorial. /he default values are generally good' and can be used on almost any server. /he default settings are configured to prevent most flood attac&s' port scans and unauthori,ed access attempts. $f you would' however' li&e to adEust the configuration in more detail' please read the comments in /etc/csf/csf.conf and edit them as you li&e.
$f everything went li&e planned' and you are still able to access the server' open the configuration file once more:
nano /etc/csf/csf.conf
and change setting /7S/$.H at the beginning of the configuration file to ; as shown below:
T34T !5 " #%#
Cloc&ed $# addresses or ranges all reserve one line in csf.deny file. $f you would li&e to bloc& $# address 5.6.=.? as well as $# range 6.=.I.I' you should add the following lines to the file:
'.$.).+ $.).%.%/',
$# ranges are represented using the C$): notation +llowing I addresses $f you would li&e an $# address or range to be e!cluded from all bloc&s and filters' you may add them to csf.allow file. #lease note that allowed $# addresses are allowed even if they are e!plicitly bloc&ed in csf.deny file. *llowing $# addresses wor&s similarly to bloc&ing them. /he only difference is that you should edit /etc/csf/csf.allow instead of csf.deny.
nano /etc/csf/csf.allow
Ignoring I addresses CSF also offers ability to e!clude $# addresses from the firewall filters. $# addresses in csf.ignore will bypass the firewall filters' and can only be bloc&ed if listed in csf.deny file.
nano /etc/csf/csf.ignore
$n order to changes ta&e effect' you should restart CSF after editing any of the files described above with command:
csf -r